Critical concentrations of lyotropic liquid crystalline ethylcellulose in more than tensolvents were determined using both Abbe refractometer and polarized microscopy. Criti-cal concentration C_(crit) of forming liquid crystal phase decreased with increasing solubilityparameter δ of solvent until approaching the δ of polymer. Although the alcohols usedas solvents had the same variation rule, the critical concentration values of their solutionswere much higher, due to their excessive large hydrogen bond component of δ. The experi-ments of using mixed solvents which showed good linear relation between C_(crit) and δ alsoproved this rule. A technique of Transmission Optical Analysis was first used to estimatethe concentration dependence of critical phase transition temperature T_(crit) of EC, and aT-C phase diagram could be drawn.


A well established result in the literature on international environmental agreements (IEAs) is that when the gains from cooperation are large, the incentive of an individual country to free-ride and not participate in the IEA is also large. We show that a more e¢ cient adaptation technology diminishes the incentive of individual countries to free-ride on a global agreement over emissions. Moreover, we show that this positive e¤ect of an increase in adaptation's e¢ ciency can also be accompanied by an increase in the gains from global cooperation over emissions. Thus, more e¢ cient adaptation, rather than merely being a substitute for the failed attempts at negotiating an IEA, may actually foster international cooperation on mitigating emissions of GHGs. JEL Classi…cations: Q54, Q59


In their health-economic evaluation of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion therapy (CSII) in Type 1 diabetes, Roze et al . conclude that CSII is associated with an incremental costeffectiveness ratio of £25 648 per quality-adjusted life year gained compared with multiple daily injections (MDI), 'representing good value for money by current standards in the UK' [1]. However, the basic assumption of their modelling is questionable. The authors distract an overall difference in HbA 1c of 1.2% attainable with CSII as compared with MDI from the Weissberg-Benchell meta-analysis [2]. This meta-analysis has been criticized for including both pre-post observational studies and randomized clinical trials (RCTs) [3]. In pre-post observational studies, where HbA 1c values on MDI are compared with HbA 1c values attained after starting CSII, larger advantages in terms of HbA 1c can be found, because the Hawthorne or study effect adds up to the CSII treatment effect. A Hawthorne or study effect of 0.75 HbA 1c percentage point has been demonstrated in Type 1 diabetes [4]. When limiting their analysis to RCTs only, the difference between CSII and MDI fell to 0.375% [5]. This is in accordance with another, methodologically superior, meta-analysis of CSII vs. MDI, that included RCTs only, and reported an overall difference in HbA 1c of 0.51% [6]. In the sensitivity analysis performed by Roze et al ., the more realistic difference in HbA 1c of 0.51% was associated with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio of £61 564. This figure seems the key result of the paper, and is well above the threshold of £30 000 for an intervention to be cost-effective according to National Institute for Clinical Excellence (NICE) standards. Furthermore, nowadays, rapid-acting analogues have become the standard mealtime insulin, both for CSII and MDI [7]. Three trials comparing CSII with MDI using rapidacting analogues in both arms have been meta-analysed. An advantage of 0.35% in HbA 1c was found for CSII [8]. This would have been the most up-to-date number for a healtheconomic evaluation. In the UK, CSII can be initiated only when a combined regimen of rapidand long-acting analogues has failed. Three trials have compared such regimens, one trial in adolescents finding a lower HbA 1c in the CSII group [9] and two trials in adults finding no difference [10,11]. There is solid evidence that well-motivated patients in poor glycaemic control can gain particularly substantial benefits from CSII, as baseline HbA 1c has been shown to be the major determinant of HbA 1c response [12]. Their response frequently is in the range that would be cost-effective according to the analysis of Roze et al . However, the notion that CSII is cost-effective for the whole population of Type 1 diabetic patients seems unrealistic. CSII would be cost-effective if it was associated with a mean 1.2% lower HbA 1c .


PREFACE NOTATION INTRODUCTION PRELIMINARIES Vector-valued functions, closed operators and integration in sequentially complete locally convex spaces Laplace transform in sequentially complete locally convex spaces Operators of fractional differentiation, Mittag-Leffler and Wright functions (a k)-REGULARIZED C-RESOLVENT FAMILIES IN LOCALLY CONVEX SPACES Definition and main structural properties of (a k)-regularized C-resolvent families Wellposedness of related abstract Cauchy problems Convoluted C-semigroups and convoluted C-cosine functions in locally convex spaces Differential and analytical properties of (a k)-regularized C-resolvent families Systems of abstract time-fractional equations q-Exponentially equicontinuous (a k)-regularized C-resolvent families Abstract differential operators generating fractional resolvent families Perturbation theory for abstract Volterra equations Bounded perturbation theorems Unbounded perturbation theorems Time-dependent perturbations of abstract Volterra equations Approximation and convergence of (a k)-regularized C-resolvent families (a k)-Regularized (C1 C2)-existence and uniqueness families Complex powers of (a b C)-nonnegative operators and fractional resolvent families generated by them Complex powers of a C-sectorial operator A satisfying 0 2 (C(A)) The Balakrishnan operators Complex powers of almost C-nonnegative operators The case m = 1 Semigroups generated by fractional powers of almost C-sectorial operators Fractional powers of (a b C)-nonnegative operators and semigroups generated by them The existence and growth of mild solutions of operators generating fractionally integrated C-semigroups and cosine functions in locally convex spaces Representation of powers Abstract multi-term fractional differential equations k-Regularized (C1 C2)-existence and uniqueness propagation families for (2) k-Regularized (C1 C2)-existence and uniqueness families for (2) Approximation and convergence of k-regularized C-resolvent propagation families further results, examples and applications (a k)-Regularized C-resolvent families and abstract multi-term fractional differential equations HYPERCYCLIC AND TOPOLOGICALLY MIXING PROPERTIES OF CERTAIN CLASSES OF VOLTERRA INTEGRO-DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Hypercyclic and topologically mixing properties of abstract rst order equations Disjoint hypercyclic semigroups Hypercyclic and topologically mixing properties of abstract second order equations C-Distribution cosine functions, almost C-distribution cosine functions and integrated C-cosine functions Hypercyclicity and chaos for C-distribution cosine functions and integrated C-cosine functions Hypercyclic and chaotic properties of cosine functions Disjoint hypercyclicity of C-distribution cosine functions Hypercyclic and topologically mixing properties of abstract multi-term fractional differential equations Hypercyclic and topologically mixing properties of -times C-regularized resolvent families Hypercyclic and topologically mixing properties of solutions of (2) with Aj = cjI cj 2 C j 2 Nn1 Topological dynamics of certain classes of abstract time-fractional PDEs with unilateral backward shifts Index


All-solid-state potentiometric sensors were prepared by using polyaniline (PANI) as the solid contact material. A film of PANI (thickness approximately being 0.25 µm) was deposited on a solid substrate (carbon screen printed platform). The PANI layer was subsequently coated with an ion-selective membrane (ISM) containing uniform-sized molecularly imprinted nanoparticles to produce a solid-contact ion-selective electrode (SC/ISE) for bispyribac herbicide (sensor I). In addition, aliquat 336 was also used as an ion exchanger in plasticized PVC membrane (sensor II). The proposed sensors revealed a remarkably improved sensitivity towards bispyribac ions with anionic slopes of −47.8 ± 1.1 (r2 = 0.9995) and −44.4 ± 1.4 (r2 = 0.9997) mV/decade over a linear range 1.0 × 10−2–8.6 × 10−6 M, 1.0 × 10−2–9.0 × 10−6 M and detection limits of 1.33 and 1.81 µg/mL for sensors I and II, respectively.Selectivity of both sensors is significantly high for different common pesticides and inorganic anions. The potential stability of the SC/ISEs was studied using chronopotentiometry. Electrochemical impedance spectrometry was used to understand the charge-transfer mechanisms of the different types of ion-selective electrodes studied. The impedance response of the electrodes was modelled by using equivalent electrical circuits. The sensors were used for a direct measurement of the bispyribac content in commercial herbicide formulations and soil samples collected from agricultural lands planted with rice and sprayed with bispyribac herbicide. The results agree fairly well with data obtained using HPLC method.


In this article you can learn about the resources and the methods of Cloud services' data protection, also you can learn about the pros and the cons of cloud services.


Techniques for canceling echo and suppressing noise using an array microphone and signal processing. In one system, at least two microphones form an array microphone and provide at least two microphone input signals. Each input signal may be processed by an echo canceller unit to provide a corresponding intermediate signal having some echo removed. An echo cancellation control unit receives the intermediate signals and derives a first gain used for echo cancellation. A noise suppression control unit provides at least one control signal used for noise suppression based on background noise detected in the intermediate signals. An echo cancellation and noise suppression unit derives a second gain based on the control signal(s), cancels echo in a designated intermediate signal based on the first gain, and suppresses noise in this intermediate signal based on the second gain. The signal processing may be performed in the frequency domain.


A method of forming fibers which is relatively new, yet of potentially wide applica tion, is described herein. The process may be termed "reaction spinning." In reaction apinning, the usual viscosity increase required between spinneret and windup is ac complished by chemical reaction. Incompletely polymerized or incompletely solubilized polymer is forced through an extrusion die or spinneret under such conditions of rate, temperature. concentration, and activation that the polymerization proceeds rapidly within the fiber after it leaves the spinneret. This causes the soft extruded fiber to set to a solid or suitably semisolid state in fiber form on the windup package. where further reaction will complete the transformation to the desired fiber properties. Principles and experimental examptes of the process are described.


AbstractThis study investigates the relationship between 2,800 University of Illinois beginning freshman students' attitudes, perceptions and judgments toward selected aspects of their college environment to determine if students who persist toward attainment of a degree express evaluations of their college environment that are different from those who withdraw or drop out. A questionnaire asking students to indicate their degree of satisfaction with selected aspects of the University including ten items which are academic in nature (i.e., teaching ability of instructors) and ten items which are nonacademic (i.e., social environment, study conditions) were analyzed. Seven major factors accounted for approximately one-half of the common variance in students' evaluations of many facets of student life. The seven factors were social environment, scholastic habits, faculty, advisement, financial, study arrangements, and counseling.Eight semesters after entry the students could be classified in one of three st...


At present, China's electricity market reform has made some achievements. However, it is an urgent issue to be solved that multiple electricity purchasers and power suppliers enter the market and establish a sound electricity market operation mode to promote the healthy and orderly development of the market. This paper simulates the power purchase and sale of electricity by multi agent technology to declare the price, simulates the of the clearance of cross-provincial electricity trading, provides a simulation to verify the trading rules of technical means, which can guide the design and optimization of power trading rules, reduce and control the trading operation risk. The actual example simulates the operation of the collusion behavior of some members in the market under different supply. The result shows that the simulation verification method provided by this paper can identify whether the market members are involved in collusion, and provide a reasonable reference for the healthy and orderly development of the actual electricity market.


The study examines the impact of globalization and institutional quality on environmental degradation in Pakistan. The study employs symmetric and asymmetric Autoregressive Distributed Lag Model (ARDL) at a time to check the linear and nonlinear effect of globalization on the environment over 1985 to 2017. The long-run findings of linear ARDL shows globalization affect positively to the environment and all other control variables FDI, GDP are significant with a positive sign while institutional quality and the interaction term of globalization and institutional quality is significant with a negative sign. The study also finds the marginal effect of interaction term and found that globalization has a different effect on the environment with different level of institutional quality.   The linear ARDL model is not suitable to check the asymmetric behaviour of globalization on the environment. For this, the study applied a nonlinear ARDL estimation method. The findings of the nonlinear ARDL model showed the asymmetric behaviour of globalization on the environment. This study provides a new direction by proving the asymmetric relationship of globalization on environment quality that is more beneficial for policymakers and government officials.


A circuit and a method for sampling a valid command by using an extended valid address window for high speed operation in a double pumped address scheme memory device are provided to easily assure the margin between with a decoded internal command signal to latch extended first and second internal address signals, by enabling the valid window of the extended first and second internal address signals to assure at least two periods of the valid window. A valid command signal generation part receives command signals in response to a clock signal and then generates a valid command signal. An address buffer sequentially receives first and second address signals in response to the clock signal and generates first and second internal address signals from the first and second address signals, and generates extended first and second internal address signals in response to the valid command signal. A command buffer generates internal command signals from command signals in response to the clock signal, and generates an internal clock signal by delaying the clock signal. An address latch circuit generates a decoded internal command signal by decoding the internal command signals in response to the internal clock signal, and latches and decodes the extended first and second internal address signals in response to the decoded internal command signal.


Teacher ratings of students' potential achievement, classroom behavior, and personal characteristics, and teacher-student dyadic interaction measures were obtained to examine the nature of teacher perceptions and interaction with black and white, male and female students in integrated classrooms. Two-way (race X sex) multivariate analysis of variance of the ratings and interaction data yielded significant differences in teacher perceptions of their students according to race, with whites being rated more favorably than blacks. There were no significant sex effects or differences in teacher-student interaction. Examination of the relationship between student behavior and teacher ratings revealed differences between black and white students, suggesting that the teacher differentially interpreted the same student behavior depending on the students' race.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the language and etiquette of the royal family shown in  by Sahudang Yoon Baek-yeong (尹伯 榮, 1888~1986). Through the transcription of this book, it can be seen that the time of writing was 1967 and that Yoon Baek-young copied it at the age of 80. This book consists of a total of 76 pages, excluding the cover page. This book largely explains the language etiquette of the royal family and courtiers. In the royal etiquette and speech, it mainly explains the titles of the royal family, the vocabulary related to the king, and the words expressing the king's actions. Court ladies' manners and speeches explain the differences in the duties of court ladies and their corresponding attire. Other scribes express 'Aji' as 'Aje', 'Mituri' as 'Meturi', 'Jejo Court Lady' as 'Jeju Court Lady', and 'frog' as 'gaegori'. This can be inferred from the notation influenced by the dialect of the scribe.


Abstract Objectives: The aim of this study was to understand the perspectives of people with rheumatic disease have about completing a pilot daily diary questionnaire on fatigue and well-being, with the objective of incorporating these perspectives into future daily studies. Methods: Twenty-two participants with experience of rheumatic disease-related fatigue attended a focus group and/or an individual interview. Before the focus group or interview, participants completed a one-off quantitative diary about their fatigue and well-being that day. In the focus groups and interviews, participants were asked about their experience completing the questionnaire. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Results: Three themes were identified. 'Concerns about Misinterpretation and Ambiguity' addressed the elements of the diary questionnaire that were confusing or unclear to participants. 'Desire to Provide Useful and Accurate Information' outlined participants' uncertainty about how to report complex daily experiences. 'Gaining Personal Insight through Diaries' revealed the personal benefits participants gained, particularly the development of insight into their fatigue. Conclusions: People with rheumatic disease are willing to complete a daily diary questionnaire, but emphasise it is important for diary questionnaires to have clear instructions, questionnaire items and response scales. Addressing these concerns will ensure the reliability and validity of quantitative diary data.


We consider a real-time status update system consisting of a source-destination network. A stochastic process is observed at the source, and samples, so called status updates, are extracted at random time instances, and delivered to the destination. In this paper, we expand the concept of information ageing by introducing the Cost of Update Delay (CoUD) metric to characterize the cost of having stale information at the destination. We introduce the Value of Information of Update (VoIU) metric that captures the reduction of CoUD upon reception of an update. The importance of the VoIU metric lies on its tractability which enables an alternative performance criterion in status update systems.


Abstract Using real-data numerical simulation experiments, latent heat induced energy transformations during the development of the wave cyclone of 20 May 1977 are investigated. During a 24 h period over 5 cm of precipitation fell despite baroclinically inactive synoptic conditions. The numerical experiments which were conducted included two 24 h fine-mesh forecasts, one with and the other without latent heating. The following conclusions resulted from kinetic energy budget calculations performed on isobaric surfaces at 100 mb increments from 900 mb to 100 mb. 1) Heating enhanced the generation of kinetic energy at all levels, slightly weakened its dissipation (to sub-grid scales) in the lower troposphere and increased this dissipation in the upper troposphere. 2) Because of the rapid increase of kinetic energy with height the latent heat's contribution to the kinetic energy balance was, in a relative sense, most significant in the lower troposphere. It is shown that while the maximum latent heating rates...


The exclusion of patients with CKD from clinical trials has been a barrier to therapeutic advancement in CKD for the last two decades.1 These inequities were highlighted by the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes Controversies Conference, with the ambition of ensuring that individuals with CKD are included in relevant clinical trials.2 The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic's global effect has led to rapid clinical trial registration and commencement in search of effective treatments. Individuals with CKD are at higher risk of COVID-19–related mortality.3 It is unclear, however, if these individuals have equitable access to clinical trial recruitment. Therefore, we aimed to assess the CKD-related inclusion and exclusion criteria for COVID-19 trials.


Ferroelectric properties of a Pb(Zi, Ti)O3 (PZT) capacitor with thin SrRuO3(SRO) films within both electrodes were investigated in detail. Thin SRO films of 10 nm thickness markedly improve the electrical performance, such as switching charge (Qsw), saturation characteristics of the hysteresis curve and imprint performance even at an elevated temperature. It should also be noted that there was no Qsw degradation after 5×1010 read/write cycles at 5 V. No leakage current increase after the test was observed. The results of transmission electron microscope (TEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses also showed that there is no diffusion of either Sr or Ru in the PZT film. The Qsw increase can be explained by the model in which excess oxygen ions existing in the SRO films drift into the PZT due to the external electric field where they fill the oxygen vacancies in the PZT near the interfaces. We confirmed that the proposed electrode structure was a key to realizing highly reliable ferroelectric random access memories (FRAMs).


[1] The first observations of the duration and spread of equatorial spread F (ESF) at the magnetic equator and their relationship with the L band scintillations in the equatorial ionization anomaly (EIA) region have been presented here. The analysis is done for the equinoctial months of low solar activity period 2005–2006 and the moderate solar activity year 2004. Ionosonde and CRABEX data from Trivandrum and GPS data from four stations in the EIA region centered around 77°E meridian have been used for the study. The results show that the maximum scintillation index (s4) in the EIA region is linearly dependent on the spread of ESF traces for both the equinoxes. The corresponding duration of L band scintillations is also found to be linearly dependent on the duration of ESF at the magnetic equator. Further, the study for the first time reveals the plausible use of the ESF prediction parameter during 1600–1845 IST period for predicting L band scintillations and its inverse relationship with F10.7 cm flux.


Recently, much attention has been devoted to the subject of lesbian and gay 'visibility' in the contemporary media and marketplace. Journalists, activists, and scholars alike have either bemoaned or celebrated the increasing appearance of gay and lesbian people in TV shows, films, and advertisements. For some, the visible presence of lesbians and gays in the media is a key factor in social awareness and gay rights advancement, while for others this 'visibility' reifies stereotypes of gay and lesbian identity and limits the public image of LGBT people to a resoundingly white, urban, upper-middle class (and typically male) segment of its population. Likewise, some have praised the development of gay and lesbian marketing niches, attributing the power of the purse to the solidification of social agency outside the market, while others have critiqued such developments as the potential downfall of subversive 'queer' identities. Naturally, I simplify this dialogue, reducing arguments and their proponents to two extremes. It would be more accurate to state that the gay and lesbian community finds itself at odds in a debate centered on the question of how gay and lesbian identity and rights discourses should situate themselves in relation to 'mainstream' culture and its modus operandi, consumer capitalism. For many, if not most, gay visibility is a double-edged sword: the 'consciousness raising' that such visibility affords us is accompanied by the marginalization of those who do not fit into the 'charmed circle' of marketability, along with the loss of a discrete subcultural identity. Comments 2007-2008 Penn Humanities Forum on Origins, Undergraduate Mellon Research Fellows. URL: http://humanities.sas.upenn.edu/07-08/uhf_fellows.shtml This presentation is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/uhf_2008/5


Abstract : A system for determining vehicle attitude using a field programmable gate array (FPGA) and low cost gyroscopes is presented. The method is intended to support the stabilization of a short duration, unmanned aerial vehicle. Using a microelectronmechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensor for the calibration and serial interface, the algorithm sidesteps concerns related to electronmagnetic interference and the impact of embedded, proprietary filters. An Allan variance analysis is used to characterize the sensor errors and predict system performance. A floating point representation using a direction cosine matrix is hosted on the FPGA alongside the platform stabilization feedback loops. Although prone to drifting without additional aiding, the derived attitude has been demonstrated to be effective in stabilizing a remotely piloted quadrotor.


Myricetin is a natural flavonol, it possesses anti-oxidative, anti- proliferative and anti- inflammatory effects. The anti-angiogenic activity of Myricetin was studied using Chick Chorioallantoic Membrane (CAM) in-vivo. The Chick embryos were treated with Myricetin, upto 100µM of concentration there was no morphological changes. Higher than 100µM of concentration inhibited the formation of blood vessles but the concentration of 200µM caused lethality. Myricetin inhibited the neovascularisation in a dose-dependent manner in in-vivo. Histological crosssections of Myricetin treated CAM revealed reduced large and small newly synthesized blood vessels. Treated embryos with Myricetin (100µM, 150µM and 200µM) significantly down- regulated the expression of VEGF-A with Real time PCR method. Our result showed that Myricetin inhibited the growth of newly formed blood vessels in chicken embryos and down regulated the expression of VEGF-A. This study reveals that the potential antiangiogenic effect of Myricetin proves its role as a therapeutic agent against proliferative like cancer.


The main purpose of this thesis is to analyze debates around and changes in knowledge production and medical practices of childbirth between 1960 and 1985 in Sweden. The roles of the different actors involved, such as physicians, midwives, the National Board of Health and Welfare, the women's movement and politicians are studied in four main contexts: medical practice and debate, the Swedish Parliament, women's movement and the more general debate, as reflected in the media. Donna Haraway's theoretization of situated knowledges and material-semiotic practices provides the study's theoretical point of departure. The study identifies three important shifts. The first took place in the 1960s and early 1970s, and was characterized by considerable technological optimism which transformed obstetrics to a practice of active management of labour. There was a medical vision of being able to gain full knowledge of the foetus by means of electronic monitoring. I conclude that a result of this was that the foetus was figured as a patient exposed to risk, the physician as the protector of the foetus and the woman reduced to a body in need of surveillance but also a mother that could get in contact with the foetus through the technology/physician. In the second shift in the early 1970s the questions of childbirth became politicized through debates in the women's movement, the media and the Parliament, mainly concerning women's right to pain relief. I show that central to the debate was contestations over women's experiences and knowledge as opposed to medical knowledge and practice. The debate thus actualized questions of boundaries between medicine and politics. The third shift took place in the mid-1970s to mid-1980s, through a psychologization of birth based on new knowledge paradigms within medicine. A central aspect that I identify is that the woman was figured as fragile or psychologically unstable and in need of expert help to bond with her child and become a good mother. I argue that even though psychological problems were lifted out of the social context, the medical focus was on the modern woman's lack of naturalness, a lack resulting in difficulties in giving birth and adapting to the mother's role. Both midwives and physicians figured themselves as spokespeople for women giving birth by claiming that they supported a less technical, more holistic, woman-centered system at the same time as the women's movement emphasized psychological aspects and argued that women should give birth naturally, on their own terms, not those of the hospital, technology or doctors. One of the main contributions of this study is to problematise the dichotomy between (bad) technology and (good) nature that has characterized earlier research using a medicalisation perspective. I have instead explored how nature and technology were mobilized, how the dichotomy between them were created and used, by whom, what it achieved and why it became so important. Drawing on Haraway's concept implosions I have shown that natural was a useful concept for those who wanted to figure themselves as spokespeople for women and at the same time presenting motherhood as nature's plan for women at a time when such assumptions were being questioned though women's movement and debates around gender equality. I also argue that through an emphasis on the border between nature and technology medical actors could protect their dominance over medicine and direct attention away from the attempts to contest existing boundaries between medicine and politics. (Less)


The article is dedicated to the 65th anniversary of Volodymyr Olehovych Yershov, a famous philologist, literary historian, Polonist, local historian, doctor of philology and professor of Zhytomyr State University named after Ivan Franko. The professor's activity is marked on many levels and directions - Vladimir Ershov has numerous achievements in the field of science (he was recognized as the best scientist of Ivan Franko Zhytomyr State University), education of culture and public activity. The range of scientific interests of professor Yershov is surprisingly wide, but a special place among his research interests is occupied by Polish memoirs of the Romantic era (in particular, the works of Korostyshiv artist Gustav Olizar). The professor marked a separate epoch in the history of Volyn Polish studies with his activity – this period is characterized by interdisciplinarity, high academic knowledge, scientific pedantry, attention to facts, spirituality of scientific research. Yershov's philological school is characterized by accuracy in systematization of data and events, fidelity to the historical context, general cultural structure, historical, theoretical and empirical understanding of the culture of the Ukrainian Right Bank. An important goal of the scholar is to highlight in the domestic literary process the high canon of Polish-language Ukrainian classics in Volyn, Kyiv and Podillya.


The purpose of this paper is to explore the progress of research to date by systematically analysing the existing body of knowledge related to issues of e-government in developing and under-developed countries and to determine whether there is a lack of theoretical development and rigour in this area. Usable data relating to e-government research which is currently available were collected from 158 research articles identified from the ISI Web of Knowledge database and by manually identifying relevant articles from journals dedicated to electronic government research. Based on our investigation of the extant literature, we found that generic e-government applications were explored more than any specific applications. It was also discerned that adoption and diffusion were the most commonly explored themes; access to only one case study, website content, community, organisation, culture, or country were the major limitation across all the studies.


Medical devices and methods of use thereof, such as ureteral stent is disclosed. Medical device may include a constructed elongated member to be embedded in the body of the patient, the extension member and the outermost diameter, a plurality of support members disposed in the biodegradable substrate (206A) and (204A) including. Result of decomposition of the biodegradable material, size of the medical device can be realized. At least two such, some, or all of the support members of the support member is disposed non-concentrically.


Oreina bilakatu neska -the Basque ballad, of which only one version has survived, concerning a girl who turns into a deer- shares so many formal and thematic characteristics with the hexasyllabic French Vulgate, that is is not unreasonable to view it as an adaptation or rewriting in Basque of the French text. It may also be regarded as a recent version, despite the contrary opinion held by the Basque scholars who have so far dealt with it. This article attempts to establish approximate sources for the ballad, and its relationship with the Pan-European tradition. In the authour's opinion, his study of both these aspects, along with his attempt to establish the text's literal meaning, support Jesus Antonio Cid's hypothesis that a number of semi-professional minstrels existed in the area of Lower Navarre in the 18th and 19th centuries.


KEY POINTS
On May 4, 2017, Bill S201, an act to prohibit and prevent genetic discrimination, received royal assent and became federal law. The Genetic Non-Discrimination Act (GNA) is critical for promoting the health of Canadians and ensuring Canada remains on the cutting edge of genomics research.


Fina Oil and Chemical Co.`s Bayport plant in Pasadena, Texas, recently installed a unique secondary seal and containment system utilizing a high-speed jet stream to capture powdered, high-density polyethylene (HDPE) and solvent vapor leakage from a primary seal and return them to the process. This has ended costly production shutdowns for primary seal replacement. Polymer scrap and housekeeping problems have ended and a potential safety hazard has been eliminated. Secondary seal may also exempt the source from quarterly emissions testing and reporting, as stated by the Texas Natural Resource Conservation Commission (TNRCC).


PURPOSE: Adhesion promotion of cyanide-free white bronze is provided to reduce voids frequently generated in a tin/copper layer and copper-containing inter-layer interface even though a plated substrate is exposed to high temperature of 80°C or greater. CONSTITUTION: Adhesion promotion of cyanide-free white bronze comprises; a step for plating one or more metallic layers containing void inhibiting metal adjacent to a copper containing layer; and a step for electrically plating a tin/copper layer adjacent to the one or more metallic layers containing void inhibiting metal in a cyanide-free tin/copper electric bath. [Reference numerals] (AA) White bronze; (BB) Void inhibiting layer; (CC) Copper; (DD) Substrate


It was found that nano CaCO3 played an interesting role in the reaction of p-tert-butylcalixarene with epoxides. In the presence of nano CaCO3, a monosubstituted calixarene, a β ring-opening product of epoxide, was obtained regioselectively in good yield. When normal CaCO3 was used under the same conditions, the yield was less than 2%. The β ring-opening product of epichlorohydrin could convert to monoglycidyl calixarene by reacting with C2H5ONa in tetrahydrofuran at room temperature in moderate yield.


The article dwells upon the phenomenon of contemporary Russian capitalism and continues the theme which the author raised in the journal "Knowledge. Understanding. Skill" (No. 4-2016). This article discusses the historical and genetic as well as world-economic aspects of contemporary Russian capitalism. The author traces the roots of the phenomenon, starting from the period of the experiments with the Komsomol economy and nomenclature privatization of the late 1980s. In this very period, according to some researchers, the establishment of major large fortunes of contemporary Russia took place. Further ways of capitalism development in Russia included the stages of voucher privatization and mortgage auctions, which, with the help of the state, led to the emergence of the large financial and industrial groups. All these phenomena (as well as the current stage of privatisation of major state assets) are considered in the article in the context of single logic of the redistributional, non-productive capitalism, which is typical of Russia to a greater extent than of countries with a successful capitalist system (the West, and today – many countries in East and South East Asia as well). Special attention is paid to the relationship of Russian capitalism with the global capitalist system. The article shows that an essential feature of Russian capitalism is its peripheral nature (dependent, lacking initiative, exploited). The basic mechanism of exploitation in the framework of peripheral capitalism is revealed, and also the methods which the countries of the capitalist center employ in order to impose backwardness. Moreover, the article outlines how Russian economy can find a way out of such a dependent position, primarily through diversification of the economy and creation of industrial production on a new (modern) technological basis. The author also points out that it is necessary to modernize Russian society, which is an important precondition for normal business development.


We uncover the nonsymmorphic symmetry and investigate its effects on the noncollinear band structures of a quasi-two-dimensional optical lattice with synthetic one-dimensional spin-orbit coupling and a tunable Zeeman field. The perpendicular Zeeman field breaks time-reversal symmetry and lifts the Kramers degeneracy which is protected by time-reversal and generalized inversion symmetries. Interestingly, we find that the degeneracy of Bloch bands on the border of the Brillouin zone is immune to the Zeeman field. This degeneracy, reminiscent of that in nonsymmorphic crystals, is protected by the hidden glide-plane symmetry that comprises a physical reflection involving both spatial and spin degrees of freedom followed by a nonprimitive lattice translation. Furthermore, we show that the band degeneracy can be lifted by the glide-plane-symmetry-breaking lattice potential. Finally, we propose to detect these effects by measuring a dynamical structure factor with optical Bragg spectroscopy.


Pancreatic adenocarcinoma is one of the
 most aggressive tumors. Because of the late onset of symptoms and the by then
 advanced stage of metastasis the prognosis often is considered to be infaust.
 This holds true both for human medicine as well as veterinary medicine.
 Because of this and the increasing resistance to therapeutic interventions
 there is an urgent need to find new therapeutic approaches.
 One new therapeutic approach represents
 the inhibition of the Mucosa-Associated Lymphoid Tissue lymphoma
 translocation protein 1 (MALT1) by the phenothiazine derivate mepazine as a
 monotherapy or as a therapy combining mepazine with the anticholinergicum biperiden.
 Preliminary in vitro tests have shown that induction of apoptosis in human
 pancreatic cancer cells is MALT1-dependent and inhibition of MALT1 resulted
 in decreased proliferation and increased rate of apoptosis. A limiting factor
 which could also influence the compliance of the patient would be the
 occurrence of extrapyramidal motor side-effects (EPS) caused by a
 phenothiazine therapy.
 The side-effects profile for first
 generation antipsychotics, with mepazine belonging to that group, is
 characterized by extrapyramidal-motoric side-effects such as Parkinson-like
 symptoms, early and tardive dyskinesia and akathisia. The clinical management
 of the symptoms is discontinuation of medication, lowering of the dose or
 replacement by a second generation neuroleptic. These options are not
 possible with a medication considering the indication pancreatic cancer.
 Another therapeutic option to approach EPS is the use of the anticholinergic biperiden.
 In the present study a long-term
 medication of mepazine as a monotherapy, biperiden as a monotherapy and a
 combination of both agents mepazine and biperiden in a mouse xenograft model
 of pancreatic cancer was conducted to screen for possible EPS as a side
 effect.
 For this purpose 40 Pfp-/- / Rag2-/-
 double knockout mice of the same age were divided into four groups: each of
 the groups included ten mice, namely the mepazine group, the biperiden group,
 the mepazine-biperiden group and the control group. To screen for EPS a battery of
 well-established tests such as the "spontaneous activity in the cylinder
 test" as a test of the spontaneous activity, the "balance beam traversal
 test" as a test of motor function and coordination and the "adhesive removal
 test" as a test of fine motor skills and somatosensory coordination was used.
 These tests were performed every third day during the treatment period.
 This study shows that a mepazine
 monotherapy resulted in a reduction of the vertical spontaneous activity, but
 does not affect motor function, coordination, fine motor skills or
 somatosensory coordination. The mepazine-biperiden combination therapy has no
 effects on spontaneous activity, fine motor skills and somatosensory
 coordination. The biperiden monotherapy, which was carried out to faciliate
 the interpretation of the effects, did not show any alterations in
 spontaneous activity, fine motor skills or somatosensory coordination as
 expected. The biperiden group took the longest time and showed the highest
 step count in the beam test, thereby suggesting a slight impairment of motor
 coordination. However, this could not be interpreted as neuroleptic-induced
 EPS in the strict sense.
 In conclusion, a treatment with either
 mepazine alone or a combination therapy of mepazine and biperiden in a
 xenograft mouse model of pancreatic cancer lead to minor and acceptable
 extrapyramidal motor side-effects when taking into account the severity of pancreatic
 cancer illness.
 Thus, the therapy with the phenothiazine
 derivate mepazine alone or in combination with biperiden as an inhibitor of
 MALT1 opens up promising new possibilities in the treatment and therapy of
 human pancreatic cancer.


The socialization of early detection of cervical cancer and breast cancer was carried out at the "Reinha Rosari" Community Base at Sts Parish. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga City of Ende. KUB is the most active element of society, as well as objects that are easily accessible. The socialization activity was started with a briefing of resource persons for the socialization by the Health Section of the Parish Pastoral Council (DPP) St. Josef Freinademetz Mautapaga on Friday, 13 December 2019. Socialization activities for the Basic Community were held on Friday, 31 January 2020 by conducting a simple survey on how much knowledge the participants of the socialization had on cervical and breast cancer, followed by the presentation of the socialization material, then held a session questions and answers and sharing of experiences, then distributing leaflets and stickers on cervical and breast cancer alert. The equipment and equipment used in this activity are microphones, photocopies of socialization materials, leaflets for early cancer detection, and cervical and breast cancer alert stickers. In the future, it is hoped that this socialization activity can continue to be carried out on a broader scale such as at the RT, RW and Kelurahan and Subdistrict levels, by involving medical and related parties as well as other elements of society, and men can be more involved and play an active role in this outreach activity.


Results Subjects were 58 patients who underwent total laryngectomy in three hospitals located in Prefecture A, Japan, agreed to participate in the research, and returned questionnaires before discharge from hospitals and 3, 6, 12 months after discharge from hospitals. Main study subjects were age, sex, no of family members, employment Status and the QOL, and the data of diagnosis, staging, and medical treatment were collected from medical records. SF-36v2 and mail survey were used in the analysis of the QOL data. As an analytical method we calculated descriptive statistics of basic attributes and QOL scale scores. Norm-based scoring (NBS) was used in the calculation of the latter. We confirmed that there was no statistical difference on QOL scale scores in age and staging. Then subjects were classified into two groups: patients who underwent only total laryngectomy and patients who underwent both total laryngectomy and radiation therapy for conducting t-tests to examine their associations with the QOL (p < 0.05). This study was approved by ethical review committees of an affiliated university and medical facilities.


Annuities promise to play an increasingly important role in countries with national defined contribution retirement systems. In this article we examine life annuities in two countries, Singapore and Australia, each of which has a national mandatory pension program. Exploiting data on annuity pricing and purchase behaviour, we compare the money's worth of life annuity products across these two nations. Our results indicate that, after controlling on administrative loadings, there are important differences in measured adverse selection. Part of the explanation may be due to the different structures of the two countries'retirement systems. Copyright 2004 The University of Melbourne, Melbourne Institute of Applied Economic and Social Research.


The combined use of the CAT (computed axial tomograph) and computer dosimetry allows better calculation of dose distribution in radiotherapy. Treatment plans can be calculated so rapidly that several may be drawn up until one with satisfactory dose distribution is achieved. In a first program, the dose distribution is given on a course matrix; owing to the rapidity of this conventional program and the possibilities of changing parameters, it renders it possible to seek the optimal solution for the treatment. A second, more exact program then puts into operation the solution found, and supplies documents that characterize the treatment plan, the irradiation protocol and the dose distribution, in the form of isodose curves. This combined method outlines the volumes to be treated, gives better insight into the arrangement of organs to be protected and allows evaluation of the variations of the absorption coefficients as a function of the density of the tissues through which the irradiation bundles pass. Accordingly, highly accurate treatment plans, optimally adjusted to the patient's condition may be drawn up. Also, the CAT by itself allows monitoring of the efficacy of the irradiations and regular surveillance of the irradiated site during the months after the end of the treatments.


This paper presents the results of a program of experimental research which was conducted to establish the enhancement of uplift capacity of buried pipelines, which could be derived from the utilization of a woven synthetic geogrid known as strata-grids. The strata-grid is placed immediately above the buried pipeline in an inclined configuration, to derive the desirable anchorage characteristics. Experiments were conducted on strata-grid anchored pipelines which were embedded in either sand backfill or crushed granular 'A'-type backfill. It is observed that the incorporation of strata-grids results in a significant increase in the uplift capacity and that the increased capacity is sustained for large uplift movements of the buried pipeline. (A)


The invention includes a, III-V-group material as a substrate and comprises a body having a top surface, wherein the body comprises a limited off-cut angle (α) between the top surface and the crystallographic plane, the body is about 0.6 cut-off of less ° relates to a substrate which further comprises a respective transformation (2β).


This article discusses how real time travel maps are now more readily accessible on the Internet. The maps make use of geographic information systems (GIS) technology.


The space‐charge‐coupled interaction of surface acoustic waves (SAW) propagating on a piezolectric substrate with a semiconductor surface placed in proximity gives rise to a transverse acoustoelectric voltage. This voltage is developed across the semiconductor and is dependent on the semiconductor surface conductivity. Thus, the spectral response of the acoustoelectric voltage gives information about the interaction of impurity and defect levels of the semiconductors with the conduction and valence bands. Maxima and minima in the photoenhanced acoustoelectric voltage are due to corresponding structures in the photoconductivity. Experimental results on semi‐insulating gallium arsenide with no intentional doping, Cr doping, and Cr‐Te doping are reported. The results include the dependence of the acoustoelectric voltage on light intensity and on temperature. Peaks in the spectral response are interpreted as impurity levels. Thus, a sharp peak at 0.87 eV is attributed to Cr‐level–to–conduction‐band transition...


Disclosed are a method for testing and previewing an application and a related device. The method comprises: a remote real-machine test system receiving application software sent by an application store portal, and loading the application software for testing or previewing by a user, wherein the application software corresponds to an application for testing or previewing an application sent to the application store portal by the user.


Objective: This nationwide longitudinal follow-up study investigated the relationship between ischemic stroke and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). Methods: Patient data were gathered from the National Health Insurance Service Health Screening cohort. Patients with OPLL were identified by the International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision codes M48.8, M48.81, M48.82, and M48.83. Age-and sex-stratified matching at a 1:5 ratio was used to include a total of 1,289 patients with OPLL and 6,445 controls from January 1, 2004 to July 31, 2015. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to calculate the ischemic stroke incidence rate for each group. Cox proportion-al-hazards regression analysis was used to estimate the hazard ratio of ischemic stroke. Results: Ischemic stroke occurred in 92 (7.1%) patients in the OPLL group and 162 (2.5%) patients in the control group had ischemic stroke. Adjusting for age and sex, the hazard ratio of ischemic stroke in the OPLL group was 4.692 (95% confidence interval [CI], 3.610–6.099). The hazard ratio of ischemic stroke in the OPLL group was 5.008 (95% CI, 3.845–6.516) when considering additional income and underlying diseases. The subgroup analysis showed higher risk ratios of ischemic stroke in all OPLL patient subgroups defined in terms of sex, age, diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Conclusion: The incidence rate of ischemic stroke was elevated in patients with OPLL according to this nationwide longitudinal study.


The perspectives of writing this paper are in line with the initial proposal in the sense of discussing themes related to diversities, memories, and production of multiple meanings, establishing a thematic scale based on the printed and periodic documentation, with a focus related to the subject. Thus, the paper aims to highlight elements of the research with the Jornal das Moças magazine, in the editions that circulated between 1950 and 1960, totaling 557 editions. Three sections of the publication were examined Jornal da Mulher, Evangelho para as Mães, and Carnet das Jovens, seeking to understand the representation and treatment forms attributed to women in the period. Although with a remarkably conservative tone, texts in the publication follow the social changes that favored the female condition in the period. However, it maintains as a principle the reinforcement of women role based on the assumptions of colonialism and patriarchy, mainly related to the women's place in the family and as administrator of their homes.


The daunting issues arising at experts and forensic bodies when appointing and conducting comprehensive road and pavement forensic investigation and road accident analysis (forensic expert examination) are considered. Types of traffic accidents provided by the statistics of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine are analyzed. A number of road accidents with victims committed in conditions of the road and settlements streets unsatisfactory state is defined.

More and more judicial and investigative bodies turn to forensic science institutes, in particular to KhRIFE, in order to determine whether the improper design of the road network affected the occurrence of an accident. In other words, the questions not only on the establishment of improper design of the road section where the accident occurred, but also on the existence of cause and effect relationship between the identified discrepancies and the accident are advanced for examination. The study of the above issues belongs to the forensic specialty 10.16 Road and Pavement Forensic Investigation. The demand for forensic research of improper design of the road network and the causes of accidents are constantly growing. At the same time, the practice of conducting road and pavement forensic investigation, namely the analysis of the materials provided for the study, shows that most criminal proceedings are investigated both while pre-trial investigation and in court for violation of traffic safety rules or transport operation by persons who drive vehicles. In the statistical report of the Department of Patrol Police of Ukraine, the data of road accidents are not classified as those that arose due to improper condition of roads and streets of settlements, and when conducting road and pavement forensic investigation it is established that improper design of the road network is in cause and effect relationship with the occurrence of an accident from a technical point of view.


An agricultural use of reclaimed coal-mine spoil banks is limited to nonfood crop uses and provides potential for biofuel crops. Two high-biomass crops—Galega orientalis and Helianthus tuberosus—were cultivated in a greenhouse pot experiment conducted in sterilized and nonsterile spoil bank clay. We aimed (1) to determine the possibility of reducing the applied rate of organic amendments (thus decreasing the costs of spoil-bank reclamation) and (2) to assess whether the inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) can improve plant growth and biomass accumulation of bioenergy crops even in nonsterile soil containing naturally occurring AMF. The spoil substrate was either unamended or treated with a mixture of composted urban waste and ligno-cellulose at a rate corresponding to 40 t ha–1. Three native AMF isolates or three isolates from the International Bank of Glomeromycota (BEG) originating from man-made ecosystems were used for inoculation.

Generally, both plant species positively responded to both mycorrhizal inoculation and organic amendment. While G. orientalis did not show any preferences towards the AMF inoculum origin in the nonsterile soil, for H. tuberosus the specific combination of organic amendment and BEG isolates resulted in highest yields of shoot biomass. The study shows that the successful planting of both tested crops requires the organic amendment. However, its dosage can be substantially reduced. The effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation can vary for the combination of plant species and the origin of the applied AMF.


Seasonally adjusted figures show a 1.7%m/m increase in car production. Taking a look at the breakdown, vehicle production for the internal market increased 1.6%m/m, while production for the external market posted a significant 1.7%m/m expansion. Moreover, auto exports grew 10.2%m/m increase. We also highlight that after showing negative figures in previous months, domestic sales increased significantly 13.7%m/m. With these numbers, car production posted a 17.3%3m/3m annualized growth in the beginning of 3Q14, while exports and domestic sales increased 24.7% and 40.9% respectively during the same period.


The permittivity and permeability of left-handed material both are negative.When electromagnetic wave is propagating in this medium,the electric field,magnetic field and wave vector conform to the left-hand screw rule.It means that the direction of phase velocity is contrary to the direction of group velocity.The reflection coefficients of multilayered coating are analyzed by transmission line model.And the reflectivity of left-handed material and the reflectivity of right-handed material are computed based on varied frequency of incident wave and varied thickness of coating.Shape of the target is modeled with non-uniform rational B-spline surfaces.And the radar cross section(RCS) of the target coated with left-handed material is calculated by physical optics method.The results show that the reflected wave is reduced by left-handed material.Additionally,the RCS of coated target is decreased obviously.


HIV‐positive people have increased risk of infection‐related malignancies (IRMs) and infection‐unrelated malignancies (IURMs). The aim of the study was to determine the impact of aging on future IRM and IURM incidence.


Artists and others viewed a relatively simple flicker film (a film alternating light with dark groups of frames) and reproduced what they "saw." Their drawings bore a remarkable resemblance to mandala patterns, though most viewers had not previously heard of such structures. The authors speculate on the physiological determinants of this phenomenon and offer a filmography of available flicker films.


Investigating automatic methods for the early detection of dementia and related conditions that cause cognitive impairment is an area of growing interest. Video processing could play a role by providing a non-invasive and low-cost alternative to current expensive assessments. For this to be successful it is crucial that approaches are robust to in-the-wild challenges. In this paper, visual cues, related to the eye blink rate (EBR), are investigated to quantify the early phase of neurodegenerative disorder (ND) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as well as functional memory disorder (FMD; problems with memory not related to neurodegenerative disorder). This paper aims to improve the detection of ND and MCI by investigating a novel approach to calculating the EBR that is more robust to in-the-wild challenges. An in-house dataset with 18 participants is used. The EBR is calculated from eye landmarks extracted using two libraries (Dlib and Openface). To mitigate issues observed in the noisy, in-the-wild recordings, a multiple threshold approach for EBR detection is proposed. It involves generating multiple thresholds for identifying a blink, where a threshold is used to determine whether an eye is open or closed. Several supervised machine learning approaches are used for automatic classification. The results show that accuracy measures of 89% and 78% are achieved using Dlib and OpenFace data, respectively, when distinguishing between three conditions with ND, MCI and FMD.


Aldose reductase(AR),the rate-limiting enzyme of the polyol pathway of sugar metabolism,has been implicated in the pathogenesis of diabetic complications,in particular D-glucose reduction to sorbitol.Aldose reductase cDNA is amplified by reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR) from the isolated SMMC7721 total RNA.The PCR product is cloned and inserted into E.coli expression vector pET22b(+) to create a recombinant plasmid with 6×His Tag,which is named pET22b(+)-AR.The AR-(His)6 fusion protein is expressed in E.coli BL21(DE3) by IPTG.And AR-(His)6 is purified by Ni-NTA affinity chromotagraphy.Finally the purified AR-(His)6 activity enzyme is measured by AR assay with ultraviolet spectrophotometry.The results of this study may represent a basis for development of potential drug in preventing diabetic complications.


A novel solid super acid SO2-4/ Sb2O3/Ce4+ was prepared by using antimony oxide as precursor,which were made from SbCl3(chlorine antimony) by method of alcoxides hydrolysis,and immersing in the solution of(NH4)2SO4,adding Ce4+ as assistant.The catalytic performance for the synthesis of benzyl acetate from acetic acid and benzyl alcohol was investigated and the influence of preparation conditions on its catalytic properties was studied.The highest yield was obtained by the catalyst SO42-/ Sb2O3/Ce4+(SSL2.8-2-350),which was prepared under the conditions of impregnation in the mixed solution of 1.5mol/L(NH4)2SO4 with 2.8% Ce(NO3)3 and then dried at 110℃,followed by calcinations at 350℃ for 2 hours.The yield was 96.9% under the reaction conditions of n(C6H5CH2OH)∶n(CH3COOH)=2∶1,the catalyst amount:3.73%(over the total mass of the reaction solution).The reusability of the catalyst used in synthesis of benzyl acetate and the catalytic activity for different esters were also investigated here.The serial of catalysts were characterized by IR,TG /DTA and Hammett indicator.


The unsuccessful European revolutions and successful counter-revolutions of 1848–49 elicited complex and surprisingly little-studied responses in Russia. The court, the bureaucracy and the upholders of the status quo in general reacted much as they had to the great French Revolution of 1789. Their never banished fears of Western revolutionary contagion were fanned anew. This new paroxysm of anxiety was reflected in panicky domestic measures of repression, such as the arrest of a number of members of the relatively harmless Petrashevski discussion group, including the novelist Dostoievski, and in such foreign policy acts as Russian armed intervention against the Hungarian liberal revolution.


The present in vitro experiments were per- formed to examine the involvement of Ca +2 in the mechanism by which prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) induces LHRH release from the median eminence (ME) of the hypothalamus. Stepwise de- creases in the Ca +2 concentration of the incubation medium reduced the LHRH response to PGE2. Nevertheless, neither complete omission of Ca +2 (residual Ca +2 concentration, 3.5 fiM) nor chelation of residual Ca +2 with EGTA prevented the stimu- latory effect of the PG, suggesting that a significant portion of the PGE2 effect on LHRH release is independent of extracellular Ca +2 . Blockade of Ca +2 influx with verapamil, a Ca +2 entry blocker, demonstrated that this component of the PGE2 effect is completely independent of inward Ca +2 movement. Depletion of intraterminal Ca +2 stores by exposure of the MEs to the Ca +2 ionophore A23187 in medium without Ca +2 containing EGTA


The success of evidence based medicine has led to pressure to make medical education more evidence based. Greenhalgh and colleagues tested the transferability of these principles when developing a postgraduate course


The objective of this work was to study soil loss and incidence of pluvial precipitation as a factor in erosion. Surface runoff and soil loss under the terms of land use in the Huangamarca and Pollo watersheds of the river Moche were quantified. For this purpose, the rivers' discharge using rainfall records over a period of 24 years (1988-2011) as registered by the SENAMHI weather station were determined. Data allowed the estimation of the erosive power of rainfall as a determinant of erosion in terms of specific degradation in t/ha/year. The Fournier method, based on the fundamental role of the p 2 /P ratio, where p is the precipitation of the wettest month and P is the annual total precipitation, was used. Soil losses by water erosion were obtained in the order of 7.29 and 33.40 t/ha at Huangamarca and Pollo basins, respectively. These losses by erosion are considered as high values, compared to the permissible range by FAO (0, 4-1, 8 t/ha/yr), that affect agro-ecosystems.


It is impossible to understand American decisions about Saddam Hussein - to support him in power after the Islamist revolution in Iran, to leave him in power after the Gulf War, to remove him from power after the September 11 attacks, and, most crucially, the commitment to undertake an experiment in Arab democracy - without understanding the context of American policy toward the Middle East. Iraq has always been a piece of a larger puzzle. In Operation Iraqi Freedom, Thomas Donnelly clarifies what happened on the battlefield during that conflict and places the tactical and operational aspects into the broader context of America's strategy in the Middle East. Donnelly provides a coherent understanding of what happened, why things happened as they did, and what the larger strategic and military implications of the war are. He begins with a review of past policies and notes the deepening engagement of U.S military forces in the region over the Iraq war - both the invasion and toppling of Saddam Hussein's dictatorship and the extended counterinsurgency campaign that followed. The aftermath of the war in Iraq has long-term implications for the future of U.S. military doctrine and foreign policy. Donnelly's assessment of policy lessons help us to better understand what role the United States plays in the global order now. As part of his research, Donnelly traveled throughout Iraq, visiting U.S. military bases and posts and interviewing his extensive contacts among key military officials.


For the global optimization problems with continuous variables, evolutionary algorithms (EAs) are often used to find the approximate solutions. The number of generations for an EA to find the approximate solutions, called the first hitting time, is an important index to measure the performance of the EA. However, calculating the first hitting time is still difficult in theory. This paper proposes some new drift conditions that are used to estimate the upper bound of the first hitting times of EAs for finding the approximate solutions. Two case studies are given to show how to apply these conditions to estimate the first hitting times.


Flood and waterlogging disaster occurs frequently, which seriously threatens people's life and properties. The SCS-CN model takes into account the characteristics of various factors such as rainfall, soil type, land use, soil moisture and surface runoff. In this paper, the SCS-CN model is introduced to the analysis of flood inundation in mountain areas. Firstly, remote sensing data, land use status map, topographic map are used to obtain land-use type, slope and other data. Then, watershed analysis is carried out based on SCS-CN model to obtain runoff data. Finally, based on rainfall data, the inundated area is estimated, and the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of inundation area were analyzed from the perspective of land use. The experimental results of Mingxi county in Fujian province, China show that this method is effective for the analysis of flood inundation in mountainous areas.


Wuhua Irrigation Zone in Nanning City still has seepage and reinforcement problems after the large-scale irrigation zone subsequent construction and water-saving rebuilding project was completed.Based on analysis of the causes,correction measures are put forwarded in respects of engineering design,construction and management.


A novel microstrip monopole antenna with a reconfigurable -10 dB impedance bandwidth is proposed in this paper for cognitive radios. The antenna is fed by a microstrip line integrated with a stub coupled multiple-mode-resonator (MMR) filter. The reconfiguration of the filter makes the circular disc monopole antenna operate at either a wideband state from 3.8 to 6.9 GHz or a narrowband state by using a PIN diode. For the narrowband state, two varactor diodes are employed to change the antenna operating frequency from 4.3 to 6.6 GHz with a minimum 40 MHz bandwidth. Preliminary simulated results on input reflection coefficients for different states of the antenna are discussed in the paper.


In order to overcome the shortcoming of the fixed S box produced by traditional AES algorithm to generate encryption,an encryption system of hyper-chaos system integration with AES algorithm for color image is proposed in this paper.Three different initial values are adopted to generate chaotic sequence for the gray values of color image,which can significantly improve the key space.Firstly,hyper-chaos Chen system sequences are generated and pretreated.Secondly,each gay layers value of color images is used as an external key to generate chaotic sequences X、Y to scramble each layer of the image gray value.Thirdly,chaotic sequence Z generated by hyper-chaos system is used to rearrange and combine AES S-box to do substitution for image scrambled gay value.Finally,diffusion treatment is done between image scrambled gay values and chaotic sequences,then repeat the above operations.Simulation results show that the encrypted image gray value distribution is pseudo-random space after the encryption algorithm,and the encryption algorithm have the characteristics of strong key sensitivity,large key space and high security.


The temperature dependence of the ac conductivity is calculated on the basis of a Debye analysis for disordered materials with strong spatial fluctuations of the carrier mobility. Charge transport occurs at the percolation level in the region of a density-of-states tail falling exponentially into the band gap. A theoretical law derived for σ(ω, T) is in good agreement with the published experimental results. A parameter T 0 representing the fall of the density of states in the tail increases logarithmically with the ac field frequency


Personal mobile devices are widespread and carried by their users most of the time over the day. Thanks to the integrated sensors they can report about visited places, movement types and speed of the users. However, efficient stopping event detection on public transport vehicles is still a challenge. These events, associated with the coordinates of real stations, can be useful to update public transit timetables according to real-time traffic. In field tests we evaluated the most commonly available suitable sensors' precision and efficiency and developed our Stopping Event Detection Algorithm (SEDA), which utilizes only the accelerometer to find potential stopping times and the Wi-Fi sensor to validate or discard them by a novel localization method. Wi-Fi is used only 6.66% of the time of actual traveling on public vehicles. Our algorithm is shown to recognize properly 82.9-89.47% of public traffic stations while consuming daily only 13% the capacity of an average smartphone's battery.


Resistance to root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne spp.) previously was introgressed into sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) from wild beet [B. vulgaris ssp. maritima (L.) Arcang] and was demonstrated to be dominant and simply inherited. Since resistance conferred by this gene was effective against six different Meloidogyne spp. tested, the locus was designated R6m-1. An interpollinated progeny population of resistant heterozygotes segregating for R6m-1, was exposed to nematodes in a greenhouse and rated for root knot disease symptoms. Resistance vs. susceptibility segregated at approximately a 4:1 ratio and 120 resistant roots and 48 susceptible roots were chosen for the generation of molecular markers linked to the resistance trait. Bulked DNA samples prepared from shoots sprouting from the selected plants were subjected to random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis and yielded a marker of 600 base pair (bp) that was highly associated with resistance. Sequence analysis of the 600-bp product led to the design of DNA primers for specific amplification of a 580-bp product, the generation by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of which occurred in plants both susceptible and resistance to nematode. Comparison between the sequences generated from resistant plants and susceptible plants revealed numerous nucleotide substitutions. One base substitution assodated in repulsion with resistance conditioned the existence of a recognition site for deavage by the restriction endonuclease Msel. Amplification and cleavage of the product with Msel yielded a CAPS marker designated NEM06 that cosegregated with resistance to the root knot nematode. Computer-assisted translation and comparison with sequences in public databases indicates that the marker DNA sequence encodes a protein with high sequence similarity to a plant transcription factor.


ABSTRACT Objectives: Many studies have demonstrated that microRNA-21 (miR-21) is an oncogene and is upregulated in tumor tissue. However, its association with B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) remains poorly understood. Methods: The expression of miR-21 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR in 75 children with de novo B-ALL as well as in 50 healthy controls. This study was conducted to evaluate the miR-21 as a biomarker for risk assessment, diagnosis and prognosis. Results and discussion: Compared with normal controls, miR-21 expression was significantly upregulated in childhood B-ALL patients. Using the receiver operating characteristic curve 3.23 was selected as the cut-off value of miR-21 expression in distinguishing patients from controls. Patients group with High miR-21 expression was significantly associated with those aged <2 and >10 years, lower platelets count, more incidence of CNS infiltration and poorer treatment outcome also, they showed a significantly poorer disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) compared to those with low miR-21 expression group. Its expression was an independent prognostic marker according to multivariate analysis. Conclusion: This is the first report demonstrating the upregulation of miR-21 in childhood B-ALL, and its association with poor response to induction therapy, shorter DFS and OS. These results suggest that miR-21 upregulation represent an unfavorable prognostic marker in Childhood B-ALL.


The form of optimal policy is investigated in an average cost, infinite horizon M/M/c problem where the number of servers working can be adjusted at arrival or service completion epochs. The costs considered are linear holding costs, linear servers' wages and set-up (shut-down) charges per server turned on (off). We show that an optimal policy may call for turning one or more servers off even when there are customers for him to serve.


Twenty-five essays covering a range of areas from religion and immigration to family structure and crime examine America's changing racial and ethnic scene. They clearly show that old civil rights strategies will not solve today's problems and offer a bold new civil rights agenda based on today's realities.


The Seraphim Trio is composed of pianist Anna Goldsworthy, violinist Helen Ayres and cellist Timothy Nankervis, who have commissioned eight Australian composers to write their own arrangements or responses to one of the Trio's favourite Schubert waltzes. Their desire to work with jazz musicians reflects a broader trend emerging within the jazz scene in Europe.


The Eighteenth Annual Meeting of the Midwest Modern Language Association will take place 4-6 November 1976, at the Chase-Park Plaza Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri. The opening General Session, 4 November, 8:00 p.m., will feature poetry readings by Howard Nemerov, Laurence Lieberman, and Felix Stefanile. In addition to the regular meetings of the MMLA sections, the following forums will convene: "American Indian Literature," "Are Scholarly Journals Obsolete?," "Contemporary Missouri Poetry," "Literature and Revolution in the Bicentennial Year," "Neo-Medievalism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries," "Principles of Teaching Composition," "The American Revolution and the French Enlightenment," "The Fourteenth-Century Mystics," "The Historical Study of Style," "What Is a Genre?," and "Didactic Science Fiction: Sages, Malcontents, and Nuts." There will be seminars on Colette, Dante, Robert Frost, and creative writing, as well as a series of debates: "Gertrude Stein: Radical Feminist or Aesthetic Snob?," "Is Fiction Obsolete?," and "Is Poetry Obsolete?" And there will be a special Bicentennial lecture by Hugh Kenner of Johns Hopkins University.


In this article, we fabricated Ce3+, Yb3+-coped yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG) inverse opal photonic crystals by a self-assembly technique in combination with a sol–gel method. The photonic band gap was located at 545 nm. With the influence of the photonic band gap, cooperative down-conversion energy transfer process of Ce3+-Yb3+ was investigated. It is significant that the energy transfer efficiency between Ce3+ and Yb3+ is enhanced from 29.6% to 47.6% by suppression of the yellow spontaneous emission of Ce3+. The mechanisms for the influence of the photonic band gap on cooperative down-conversion process of Ce3+ and Yb3+ are discussed.


205 Background: Central review is an important trial management and validation tool. Multisite trials require data systems to accommodate diverse image acquisition and review. Breast cancer is challenging as its imaging objects are not always easily shared across departments. Quality Assurance Review Center (QARC) has a diverse portfolio of facile data acquisition and powerful informatics support that meets these needs. We report on the role of QARC in three of the current breast cancer trials from the American College of Surgeons Oncology Group.

METHODS
QARC data management system includes secure network infrastructure and a validated relational operating database (MAX). QARC has data acquisition/imaging re-distribution expertise for real time response reviews, response measuring tools and corresponding data archive for secondary reviews. MAX includes query ability; records link to digital information. QARC underwent systematic information systems validation process for 21 CFR Part 11. DICOM/non-DICOM files are stored in the QARC PACS. On-site/remote reviewers use MAX to retrieve, view, annotate and save images. Data extracted is securely sent to partner statistical centers.

RESULTS
In Z1031, a neoadjuvant endocrine therapy trial, all of the mammographic exams are archived at QARC. For Z1071, a sentinel lymph node trial, pre- and post-treatment ultrasound (US) images of 321 patients were remotely reviewed. For Z1072, the cryoablation US, pre and post-cryoablation MRI for 40 of 47 cases were remotely archived, retrieved and transferred to investigator workstation for post-processing and review. The other 7 patients did not have evaluable imaging studies. In all three trials, the costs of shipping hardcopies of exams and travel to QARC for central review functions were eliminated.

CONCLUSIONS
QARC data management systems provide diverse informatics supports for multi-institutional trials, ranging from archives of images, provide remote access and download of data, and central review. The vibrant informatics supports meet the growing needs of clinical trials. Future directions include radiation field review for breast cancer trials and the incorporation of pathology microarray analysis as DICOM objects.


We study the dynamics of first-order phase transition in the early Universe when it was $10-50 \mu s$ old with quarks and gluons condensing into hadrons. We look at how the Universe evolved through the phase transition in small as well as large super cooling scenario, specifically exploring the formation of quark nuggets and their possible survival. The nucleation of the hadron phase introduces new distance scales in the Universe, which we estimate along with the hadron fraction, temperature, nucleation time etc. It is of interest to explore whether there is a relic signature of this transition in the form of quark nuggets which might be identified with the recently observed dark objects in our galactic halo and account for the Dark Matter in the Universe at present.


Applications of thin film technology have grown quickly, including thermal insulation, cuttingtools, solar cells, protection against oxidation and corrosion, and microelectronics. The use ofthermoelectric thin films, which have several advantages over bulky sensors (such as sensors of: heat flow,radiation, pressure, electric power, and thermocouples), is widespread. Chromium carbides are widelyattracted for industrial applications by their good hardness, high chemical stability, and toughness. Thepresence of carbon in the composition of chromium metal improves the hardness and the wear resistanceby lubricating effect. In this work, the chromium carbides films deposited from pure Cr target by the PVDmethod on steel substrates are developed and characterized. In this study, the samples are annealed undervacuum in a temperature range between 800 and 1000 °C. The improvement of the mechanical property ofthin Cr films is due in particular to the fact that the hardness and wear obtained in this temperature rangeare very important. The increase in hardness is attributed to the formation of hard binary Chromiumcarbides. However, its decrease was related with the diffusion of iron and the transformation of binarychromium carbides to ternary carbides at higher annealing temperatures.


EUV technology with its state-of-the-art tool generation equipped with a Numerical Aperture (NA) of 0.33 and providing 13 nm resolution is on the brink of entering high volume manufacturing. Extending the roadmap down to a resolution of 8 nm requires a high-NA successor tool. ASML and ZEISS are jointly developing an EUV scanner system with an NA of 0.55 to enable the continuation of Moore's law throughout the next decade. In this paper we motivate the top-level requirements of this high-NA tool, deduce implications on system design and present how they are solved in the tool. In particular, we address implications of the high-NA leading to large mirror sizes, introduction of a central obscuration and an anamorphic lens design resulting in the transition from full to half field. A consequence of the high-NA is a reduced depth of focus which is dealt with by an improved focus control of the system. The aberration level of the high-NA tool will be significantly reduced w.r.t. the NA 0.33 tool generation. This is achieved by extreme aspheres accompanied by an advanced mirror manufacturing process with corrections down to atomic scale. To enable mirror manufacturing to this precision the limits of mirror metrology are pushed out by transferring the whole measurement process into vacuum. Finally, we will give an update on the current status of the high-NA tool development and the build-up of the necessary infrastructure.


A delayed chasing model is proposed to simulate the chase behavior in the queue, where each member regards the closest one ahead as the target, and the leader is attracted to a target point with slight fluctuation. When the initial distances between neighbors possess an identical low value, the fluctuating target of the leader can cause an amplified disturbance in the queue. After a long period of time, the queue recovers the stable state from the disturbance, forming a straight-line-like pattern again, but distances between neighbors grow. Whether the queue can keep stable or not depends on initial distance, desired velocity, and relaxation time. Furthermore, we carry out convergence analysis to explain the divergence transformation behavior and confirm the convergence conditions, which is in approximate agreement with simulations.


A rare and lethal "syndrome" has been observed in Fell pony foals since at least 1993, when it was first reported by Paul May, a veterinarian in Cumbria. Worldwide approximately 10-12 cases are reported each year out of 300-350 foals that are born, and the disease has been seen in all major bloodlines. To date in North America, less than five confirmed cases (from several different lines) have occurred over the last 15 years, so the disease is indeed very rare. Affected foals appear healthy until about 4-6 weeks, when they begin to lose condition and eventually die or are euthanized before weaning. The cause of death is usually severe anemia as well as multiple infections. The underlying cause of disease is unknown, but is believed to be due to a genetic fault. Foals that remain healthy at 2 months of age are very unlikely to develop the disease, while those that reach 3 months of age are no longer considered at risk. The "Fell Foal Syndrome" has always been somewhat of an ambiguous term for this disease. What it has referred to is a syndrome, or a group of characteristic signs and symptoms, seen exclusively in sick, newborn Fell pony foals. Unfortunately, in 2008, the latter restriction is no longer accurate, as the first confirmed case of the "Syndrome" occurred in the Dales pony breed in the UK. By Mary Jean Gould-Earley, MD


Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) is a member of the neurokine family of cytokines with actions on multiple cell types of the nervous system. CNTF shares a common gp130 receptor subunit with the other neurokines, leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), interleukin‐11 (IL‐11), cardiotrophin‐1 (CT‐1), oncostatin‐M (OSM), cardiotrophin‐like cytokine (CLC), and neuropoietin. Neurokine signaling is mediated principally through the Janus tyrosine kinase‐signal transducer and activator of transcription (Jak/STAT) pathway. The biological actions of the various neurokines are overlapping in many instances, but can also be unique. While none of the neurokines appear to be essential individually, they are critical for life. Gene knockout studies reveal that loss of each of the individual receptor subunits results in embryonic or neonatal death. The actions of the neurokines vary depending on cell type and developmental stage. They may enhance the differentiation of glia while inhibiting differentiation of some neurons, promote neuronal survival while also inducing apoptosis of other neurons, promote neuronal repair while also promoting inflammatory responses, or induce early adrenergic differentiation in sympathetic neurons while later inducing adrenergic to cholinergic switching of phenotype. The basis for these varied effects is still not well understood. This chapter will highlight the actions of the neurokines and the current state of our understanding of the signaling pathway, with emphasis on activation and inactivation processes, and discuss some potential roles in neurodegenerative diseases and their treatment. List of Abbreviations: ALS, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis; apoE, apolipoprotein E; ChAT, choline acetyltransferase; CLC, cardiotrophin‐like cytokine; CNTF, ciliary neurotrophic factor; CT‐1, cardiotrophin‐1; CyRE, cytokine response element; EGFP, enhanced green fluorescent protein; FGF, fibroblast growth factor; GFAP, glia fibrillary acidic protein; HD, Huntington's disease; HGF, hepatocyte growth factor; IL‐6, interleukin‐6; IL‐11, interleukin‐11; Jak, Janus kinase; LIF, leukemia inhibitory factor; MAPK, mitogen‐ activated protein kinase; NGF, nerve growth factor; OSM, oncostatin‐M; PIAS, protein inhibitor of activated STATs; SHP‐1/2, src homology‐2‐domain‐containing protein tyrosine phosphatase‐1/2; SOCS, suppressor of cytokine signaling; STAT, signal transducer and activator of transcription; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide


Abstract In this paper we present a theorem on asymptotic behavior of W ( n , x ( n )) where x ( n ) is a solution of the difference equation x ( n +1)=ƒ( n , x ( n )), n ϵ N + and W ( n , x ): N + × R d → R + is continuous. As applications we discuss examples which cannot be handled by the discrete LaSalle′s invariance principle and the discrete Salvadori′s theorem.


The ionization potentials of methyl-, t-butyl- and trimethylsilyl-substituted pyridines have been determined by high-resolution photoelectron spectroscopy. The results are discussed in terms of destabilizing inductive and stabilizing conjugative effects of the substituents, and have been parametrized on the basis of a HMO-type perturbation treatment. Our data are in accord with the idea that the topmost occupied orbital in pyridine is a 'lone pair' orbital.


In recent years the efficient and automated clustering in mixed dataset (combination of categorical and numerical data) has raised the interest among numerous researchers of various fields. Automated clustering is generally referred as a process of finding the number of cluster sets automatically without any user intervention. Moreover, the grouping of clusters in automated clustering should choose the data objects that are both similar and are at the shortest distance. Hence, in this paper a Non-parameterized shortest path algorithm is coined for automated and efficient clustering. Finally, the results are elegant and have the ability to detect the number of clusters automatically from the mixed-dataset.


ALLEN, E. J. and WUBB, D. C. E. Relationship between tuber size and tuber concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium, 503 ALLEN, E. J., see also WURR, D. C. E. ALLOWAY, B. J. Field studies on the magnesium, copper and zinc nutrition of maize, 93 AMIR, J. and LIFSHITZ, N. Weed control of irrigated peanuts in an arid zone, 623 ATIYYA, H. S. and WILLIAMS, W. Genetic control of the nuda character complex in the genus Avena, 329 Avis, P. R. D., see KEMPSTER, A. J.


Electrical vehicles (EVs) have attracted the attention from the entire world for their potential use in future transportation system. As the crucial drive component for EVs, various types of electrical machines have been evaluated in terms of efficiency, power/torque density, speed range, fault tolerance, etc. This paper investigates the optimization method of the electrically excited synchronous machine (EESM) for EV applications. Prius 2010 IPM is chosen as the benchmark for comparison and the optimal design procedure is illustrated by considering the rotor saturation effect and drivetrain efficiency under city and highway drive cycle. Moreover, a PM-assisted EESM topology is introduced to enhance the torque density and the influence of different load conditions on the optimization is analysed. The results show that EESM has excellent performance in high speed region while its relatively low torque density and efficiency can be enhanced to some extent through optimization method.


To indicate the best airfoil profile for different sections of a blade, five airfoils; included S8xx, FFA and AH series was studied. Among the most popular wind power blades for this application were selected, in order to find the optimum performance. Nowadays, modern wind turbines are using blades with multi airfoils at different sections. SST-K-ω model with different wind speed at large scale profile applied to simulation of horizontal axis wind turbines (HAWT). The aerodynamic simulation was accomplished using Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) method based on the finite volume method. The governing equations apply in this simulation are the Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navies Stocks (URANS) equations. The aerodynamic coefficients of lift and drag were calculated at different angles of attack and different wind speeds. The results are validated by Eppler code, Xfoil and experimental data of the U.S National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). The results show that S818 profile is the best profile in terms of gaining the highest lift coefficient with the lowest angel of attack at the root of the blades. The results also indicated that the selected model can predicted the exact geometry with a high


Abstract: This section is concerned primarily with effects of hydrogen in steels in refining industry. The focus is set on steels, CrMo(V) alloys, used for fabrication of heavy reactors. In the first part, a short review of fundamental aspects of hydrogen diffusion and solubility in steels is carried out. In the second part, problems related to high temperature service, such as high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) and hydrogen–creep interactions, are discussed. The last part covers the problems occurring during and after cooling of the reactors, such as hydrogen-induced disbonding (HID) and effects of dissolved hydrogen on mechanical properties (tensile ductility, fracture toughness and Charpy V-notched impact toughness). The intent is to provide a review of the main problems occurring during service of heavy section reactors used in refineries and petrochemical plants.


During the winter months (December to April), the SE United States is influenced by continental air masses from the north or northwest which pass at approximately 4 to 7 d intervals. These wind events can cause suspension of bottom sediments in Florida Bay. Over a 9 d period in March 2001, we examined the effects of a wind-mixing event on the pelagic system within the NW part of Florida Bay, where water depth is 2 to 3 m. This event caused significant suspension of bottom materials, large increases in NH 4 and PO 4 , smaller increases in NO 3 +NO 2 and Si(OH) 4 , a decrease in microzooplankton abundance, and an increase in benthic copepods in the water column. As wind speeds declined, there was a rapid decline in PO 4 concentration, gradual declines in suspended sediment, NH 4 and Si(OH) 4 , an increase in chlorophyll a (chl a) stock, an increase in phytoplankton growth and productivity, an increase in microzooplankton grazing rate, and a settling of the benthic harpacticoid community. No grazing response was apparent in the mesozooplankton community. The wind event clearly injected dissolved and particulate benthic materials into the water column, where they directly stimulated the bacterioplankton, phytoplankton and microzooplankton communities within 1 to 2 d after the event. The water column was strongly net heterotrophic at this time, suggesting a large input of dissolved organic matter from the bottom. Stimulation of the pelagic food web continued at least until we completed our study 6 d after the event. By the end of our study, the water column was net autotrophic.


The invention relates to a radiator system comprising a hot water radiator (1) with a feed opening (2) and a return port (3) and an insert element (4) for mounting in the feed opening (2) and the return port (3). The insert element (4) is in the flow opening (2) and the return port (3) can be inserted and locked in a defined position.


Abstract : The U.S. military has undergone profound changes over the past decades, however the basic principles of warfighting, developed in the late 1900's, remain essentially unchanged. Nevertheless, as we continually revise doctrine and the way we fight wars, particularly in the approaching 21st Century, it is important to review the principles of war in the context of the current military environment. Probably the most affected by the technological and institutional changes in the military is the principle of surprise. Surprise, a vital force multiplier in any military operation, can achieve quick, decisive victory in battle. Therefore its employment will continue to be effective in 21st Century warfare; however commanders must consider the impact of changes in technology and intelligence on achieving surprise; and how secrecy, another vital component of surprise, will be more difficult to maintain in the future. The technological advantages of the United States is diminishing due to technology exchanges, commercial availability of military systems, and gray market activities. Good intelligence analysis is becoming more difficult to achieve in a complex real-time, multidiscipline collection environment. Massive infusions of information increase the fog and friction of war and commanders must quickly and accurately assess intelligence and take risks accordingly. Information warfare provides increased opportunity to deceive through disinformation further complicating the commander's planning. Secrecy is more problematic in an open society with more media access and information exchanges with coalition partners. Surprise, dependent on technological superiority, secrecy and good intelligence, is nevertheless still a viable means of winning wars through quick, decisive operations.