Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) are among the most dreaded diseases because of their devastating effects on cognitive function and the limitations of treatments in significantly modifying the disease course. The genetics of ADRD have been intensely investigated, especiallywith respect toAlzheimer's disease (AD), with both mutations and risk-modifying polymorphisms identified. Although highly penetrant mutations responsible for familial AD have been identified, the vast majority of cases are deemed sporadic, arising from unknown causes. The identification of significant modifiable risk factors could have a major impact on the public health crisis of ADRD,which impacts patients, families/loved ones, and the economy. The avoidance of such risk factors could potentially lessen the number of future cases. Moreover, with an increased understanding of gene–environment interactions (alongside the rise of genetic testing), individuals with specific susceptibilities could be cautioned to avoid certain exposures. Such an impact is the scientific hope ofmany epidemiologists and toxicologists. In this issue of Environmental Health Perspectives, Richardson et al. report a significant translational advance in understanding the possible role of pesticides in AD. They focus on dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), which was widely used as a pesticide in the United States from the 1940s to the 1970s; although banned in 1972, occasional emergency use has occurred since. Current and emergent exposures rightfully garner much attention. However, DDT is known to have long environmental and biological half-lives, exemplifying that legacy exposures also deserve continued attention. Collectively, Richardson's and others' work undeniably shows that even when a toxic chemical is banned, the risk (possibly specific to neurological disease) it poses may (and often likely does) extend for decades, if not far longer. When considering the association between an environmental exposure and an adverse outcome, the strength of that association depends on both epidemiological and toxicological findings, which generally have complementary strengths and weaknesses. For example, with an epidemiological study, it can be difficult to discern if unknown/unmeasured exposures contributed to an observed adverse outcome or if the disease state itself modulated the absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion (ADME) of the agent under study, producing higher blood levels of a biomarker. In a case–control study published in 2014, Richardson's group showed that DDT metabolite levels were higher in AD patients and that there was an interaction with a genetic risk factor (APOe4). In their current paper, Richardson et al. complement human studies through detailed animal exposure experiments, which together have high translational value for understanding how DDT may influence AD etiopathogenesis. This study was conducted in three overarching systems: cell culture (lines and primary mouse neurons), Drosophila melanogaster fly strains, and transgenic mice. Given that each animal model system has both known and unknown strengths and weaknesses, testing across model systems likely increases translational value. Moreover, the in vivo dosing strategy achieved brain DDT levels similar to those that occurred in human adipose tissue in the 1960s, an effort that was laudable for achieving dose relevance. For reference, people who were infants, children, or teenagers in 1960 would now be 62–80 years of age, a period when the risk for AD exponentially increases. Exposures at these relevant doses produced alterations in multiple AD genes in wild-type mice and increased AD pathology (amyloid beta) in AD transgenic mice, findings that were confirmed in fly and cell culturemodels. These findings further support the likelihood that DDT exposure may play a role in the etiopathogenesis of AD. It will be fascinating to learn whether other critical AD pathways, such as the tau protein pathway, are affected and whether there are critical windows of sensitivity (specific developmental origins of adult adverse neurological outcomes). These are especially important questions given that the highest exposures may have occurred many decades prior to clinical outcomes and subsequent diagnosis. A key mechanistic finding is the role of voltage-gated sodium channels in mediating DDT-induced AD-relevant neurotoxicity, where blockage of tetrodotoxin-sensitive channels was protective. The identification of sodium channels as a key target of DDT neurotoxicity14–16 and the emergence of a potential role of sodium channels in modulating AD-relevant enzymes and amyloid beta release (possibly through prolonged opening, leading to hyperexcitability and network dysfunction)17–21 both raise significant questions for future research. Could specific aspects of sodium channel signaling be a pharmacological target for those with high bloodDDT concentrations that may be at risk for AD?Do the DDT study results apply more broadly to other environmental exposures andAD, or to AD pathogenesis in general? Although blockage of sodium channels (as with tetrodotoxin) is not a viable clinical approach, the results, taken together with previously published literature, identify a possible physiological therapeutic pathway. For example, one recent study showed that knockdown of the tetrodotoxin-sensitive a-subunit Nav1.6 was protective of the AD phenotype in transgenic mice, where protection was found to be through modulation of the b-site amyloid precursor protein-cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1). In summary, the use of human data to inform laboratory studies on AD etiopathogenesis, along with studies in multiple complementary models, has achieved a key mechanistic advance with potential high translational value. These findings also remind us that even after an agent is banned, our work as epidemiologists and toxicologists is far from over, especially as it relates to Address correspondence to Jason Cannon, School of Health Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907 USA. Telephone: (765) 4940794. Email: email@example.com The author declares he has nothing to disclose. Received 31 May 2022; Revised 6 July 2022; Accepted 14 July 2022; Published 10 August 2022. Note to readers with disabilities: EHP strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental Material published in EHP articles may not conform to 508 standards due to the complexity of the information being presented. If you need assistance accessing journal content, please contact email@example.com. Our staff will work with you to assess and meet your accessibility needs within 3 working days.


The utility model relates to an injection-production integrated production joint capable of performing automatic switch for a thickened oil thermal production well. The injection-production integrated production joint comprises a left half main body and a right half main body, wherein contact surfaces of the left half main body and the right half main body are connected and sealed through bolts, a test channel is arranged in the left half main body, and an electric pump oil production channel is arranged in the right half main body. The injection-production integrated production joint is characterized in that a transverse communication channel communicated with the upper portion of the right half main body is arranged on the left half main body; a check valve mechanism is arranged in the electric pump oil production channel, and a sealing plug is arranged above the check valve mechanism; a sealing tongue channel is machined on the left half main body, and a telescopic sealing tongue mechanism is arranged in the sealing tongue channel. The injection-production integrated production joint has the advantages of solving the problem that the production can be achieved by means of two tubular columns during thickened oil thermal production, meeting operation needs of oil well dynamic and static parameters including heat injection, electric pump oil production and measurement pressure, simplifying operational procedures, reducing influence of work amount and workover treatment on oil well production, saving operation cost, and providing guarantee for reducing development cost of an oil well and stabilizing and increasing oil field production.


Malaysia is a major exporter for petrochemical products. In line with this, the petrochemical industry is experiencing continuous growth and expansion. This study intends to examine the effect of the establishment of petrochemical hub on nearby housing price. Using residential transaction data of year 2016-2022 nearby Gebeng Industrial Area, we analyse the effect of the sitting of petrochemical hub via hedonic models. Our result indicates that the sitting of petrochemical hub will influence the housing price in which those located nearby will experience higher appreciation in property prices. This study is essential in clearing the doubt that housing price will be negatively influenced by petrochemical hub. Our findings further indicate that there is a need to educate local residents on the impact of the industry cluster on their house, in mitigating local opposition due to concern over declination of housing price due to the sitting of petrochemical hub.


In this paper, an approach for Intrabody communication(IBC) that uses fat as the communication medium is presented in the ISM band. This study focuses on microwave communication through different biological tissue layers and demonstrates the effect of the thickness of the fat layer on transmission coefficients. Also, the Specific Absorption Rate(SAR) analysis of the antenna has been studied. To validate the simulation results, experimental verification is performed on porcine tissue.


A comparison is drawn between Japanese private and Japanese public sector workers using a research instrument which captures both personal life values and existing workplace values. The aim of the research is to test whether the values present within public sector organisations can help to explain the reported difficulties in implementing and practicing continuous improvement within the Japanese public sector, despite the assumed national 'cultural fit'.


We study the impact of labor income taxation on workers' job search behavior and the implications it has for the equilibrium allocation of labor in a complete markets equilibrium on-the-job search model with two-sided heterogeneity, endogenous job search effort and hiring intensity, equilibrium wage formation, and firm entry and exit. By appropriating part of the gain from finding a better paid job, income taxation reduces the return to job search effort, and distorts workers' job search effort, which, in turn, distorts the equilibrium allocation of labor. The model is estimated on Danish matched employer-employee data, and is used to evaluate a series of tax reforms in Denmark in the 1990s and 2000s. We find that these income tax reforms increased aggregate productivity by 2.2% through improved labor allocation, provide a novel structural decomposition of the elasticity of taxable labor income, and to identify a Pareto optimal income tax reform.


drawings—the light compositional study (.modello) and the color compositional study 0bozzetto)—thus making a fundamental dis tinction that we take for granted today. By considering Barocci's working method, this note will demonstrate the artist's impact on the history of art. Early in his career, Barocci began using oil and pastel—the latter a medium he brought to maturity—to make preparatory cartoons of heads and bozzetti of already planned compositions. Although preparatory cartoons of heads in chalk were produced before Barocci—Domenico Beccafumi had even


The association between physical activity (PA) and C-reactive protein (CRP) is inconsistent, with nearly all studies using self-report measures of PA. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between objectively-measured PA and CRP in U.S. adults and children. Adults (N=2912) and children (N=1643) with valid accelerometer data and CRP data were included in the analyses. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds of meeting physical activity guidelines across CRP quartiles for children and among adults with low, average, and high CRP levels. For adults, after adjustments for age, gender, race, body mass index, smoking, diabetes, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), compared to those with low CRP levels, odds ratios were 0.59 (CI = 0.45–0.77) and 0.46 (CI = 0.28–0.76) for participants with average and high CRP levels, respectively. For children, after adjustments for age, gender, race, weight status, and HDL-C, compared to those in CRP quartile 1, odds ratios were 0.96 (CI = 0.5–1.84), 1.23 (CI = 0.71–2.12), and 0.79 (CI = 0.33–1.88) for participants in quartiles 2, 3, and 4, respectively. Objectively-measured PA is inversely associated with CRP in adults, with PA not related to CRP in children.


Abstract : PTSD and related anxiety disorders are a major health problem for veterans, as well as the general population. There is compelling experimental support for the proposition that elevated NA release in the brain is a major contributing factor in PTSD. This elevation in norepinephrine is thought to promote arousal as well as the persistence and enhanced retrieval of traumatic memories core phenomena in PTSD. The principal source of norepinephrine in forebrain and amygdalar circuits is the locus ceruleus (LC). In spite of its centrality to theories of the neural mechanisms underlying PTSD, relatively little is known about the factors governing its activity and how these change in PTSD. The central hypothesis of this proposal is that the intrinsic and extrinsic (synaptic) properties of LC neurons are remodeled in PTSD, and this remodeling plays a major role in triggering the pathological changes in forebrain circuits mediating symptoms in the disorder. The studies to be conducted will test this core hypothesis in two animal model of PTSD, filling key gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms governing PTSD. The core hypothesis is broken down into three specific aims, each of which has a guiding, working hypothesis. The studies outlined in the first specific aim will test the hypothesis that the induction of PTSD-like state in mice will result in an elevation of autonomous (intrinsically generated) spiking in LC neurons. The studies outlined for the second specific aim will test the hypothesis that the induction of PTSD-like state in mice will result in strengthening of synaptic connections of LC neurons that arise from the cerebral cortex and amygdala, creating a means by which fear-evoking stimuli lead to an abnormal elevation of LC activity. Our lab has a well-developed expertise in the characterization of synaptic connections using both conventional electrical and optogenetic approaches.


A convenient eco-friendly procedure has been developed for the synthesis of 14-aryl-14H-dibenzo[a,j]xanthene derivatives by one-pot condensation of 2-naphthol and aryl aldehydes catalysed by expanded graphite under solvent-free conditions. The present methodology offers several advantages such as excellent yields, shorter reaction times, low cost and reusability of the catalyst.


It is known that diseases of the upper digestive tract may be combined. Therefore, timely diagnostics of basic and concomitant pathology as well as treatment of patients taking into account these diseases have an important practical value. In particular, until now a number of points concerning duodenal ulcer, which can be combined with gastric polyposis, are not clear. How often does duodenal ulcer disease combine with gastric polyps? Should gastric polyps be removed in such patients, given the possibility of their malignant origin, and is gastric polyp outgrowth possible in patients with duodenal ulcer disease? Is it reasonable to remove gastric polyps during the acute period of duodenal ulcer disease using endoscopic gastric polypectomy?


Various approaches exist to quantify sediment
fluxes on medium to large scales. These are: (1)
river loads, (2) terrigenous cosmogenic nuclides,
(3) stratigraphically controlled sediment volumes,
(4) negative volumes of dissected landscapes, (5)
exhumation rates from thermochronological data.
Upcoming of new methods (2, 5) and the idea
of dynamic coupling of uplift and denudation led
to intense application of these methods over the
last two decades. Definitely, the wealth of new
data revolutionized our picture of rates at which
earth surface processes and uplift operate over
space and time. Less straightforward, however,
is the progress in interpreting the mechanisms
controlling these rates and to define the state of
a source-sink system in terms of steady-state or
unsteady-state equilibria. This key note aims at
highlighting some of these problems with respect
to flux rates resulting from different methods and
still hardly understood differences of their spatial
distribution. Some examples and possible hypothe-
sis will complete the talk and may stimulate further
discussion in the session.


Performance measurement has been defined and redefined over the years. Researchers have tried to explain this important area of management control with respect to their area of specialty. However, very few researches have tried to adopt a multi-disciplinary approach. This has resulted in a departure from a generalist understanding of performance measurement to a specialty focus. This study tries to build a general understanding of definition, characteristics and evolution of performance measurement through the review of literature. It also points out some of the issues in the more recently developed "integrated" performance measurement systems. The discussion is concluded by explaining briefly the need for empirical studies in the area and extension in focus from strategy to performance measurement at operational and lower level of the organization.


This article analyzes the activities of international non-governmental organizations in Uzbekistan. Particular attention is paid to their relationship with state bodies, as well as their influence on the domestic policy of the country and society. The issue of the negative attitude of the government of Uzbekistan against international non-governmental organizations in 2004-2010 was studied. Also, the reasons for the positive changes in the attitude of the state towards international non-governmental organizations since 2016 have been studied. Today, the changing status of international non-governmental organizations in pan-European and global institutions gives reason to believe that in the coming years they will play a dynamic role in various fields related to the reform and development of the countries of Central Asia and other CIS countries. INGOs in domestic politics, they act as an additional mechanism of public relations and play an active role in the formation of civil society, and in foreign policy as an instrument of public diplomacy and "soft power".


Two commercial spinel ferrites, (Fe0.192+Mg0.562+Mn0.252+) (Fe1.873+Al0.133+)O42- and (Fe0.552+Mg0.322+Mn0.032+Cu0.102+) (Fe1.73+Al0.263+)O42-, were investigated with a view to obtaining more information about the influence of varying the proportion of Fe2+ ions on its Mossbauer effect spectra. For the first composition, for which there is a sufficient number of substituted cations for them to be located at the six nearest neighbours to Fe2+ ions, no transition between Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions occurred. On the other hand the observed broadening of the octahedral ferric spectrum for the second compound gave evidence for the electron relaxation of neighbouring Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions; this spectrum also contained a third sextet with a stronger sharp Fe2+ character. Thus it has been established that the fast electron hopping process present in this case is essentially a pair localised phenomenon. The Mossbauer effect parameters were calculated for these observed sites, and their variation with temperature discussed.


We report the results of a systematic study of the effects of pharmacological agents known to cause or modify physiological cell death (PCD). Using WEHI 231 cells as a model, we investigated the effects of dexamethasone, cAMP, selected growth factors/ cytokines, DNA damaging agents, metabolic inhibitors and lipid mediators. We found that WEHI 231 cells are not affected by cAMP(1-90 microM) or TGFbeta (1-50 ng/ml), both of which are known to induce PCD in other systems. We also failed to detect protection from PCD in WEHI 231 cells cultured with Zn(++), E64 and leupeptin. In contrast, dexamethasone (400 microg/ml), etoposide (10(-4)M), emetine (10(-5)M), calyculin (10(-5)M), sphingosine (8-16 microM) and ceramide (20-40 microM) all cause PCD in WEHI 231 cells. The effects of ceramide can be blocked by LPS but not by overexpression of bcl2.The role of killer lipids in PCD is discussed.


Diaz et al. A proposed model to conduct process and outcome evaluations and implementation research of child health programs in Africa using integrated community case management as an example. Table 1. Detailed Study descriptions Country (Study organization) Objective of evaluation Design Study area Timeframe of study Burkina Faso (Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases, WHO, Groupe de Recherche Action en Santé) To evaluate the impact on all-cause mortality in children aged 6 to 59 months, achievable through a home and community approach for integrated management of fevers/malaria and pneumonia by adding an antibiotic to antimalarial treatment Cluster-randomized stepped wedge (three arms). 2 of 63 health districts (with villages as clusters).First year three arms are the controls. Second year arm 1 is control, arms 2 (malaria tx) and 3 (malaria and pneumonia tx).Third year arms 1 and 2 malaria tx and arm 3 malaria and pneumonia tx. What is the impact of community based treatment of malaria and diarrhea on mortality (CHWs did not treat pneumonia) Quasi-experimental pre-test/post-test What is the mortality impact of adding pneumonia treatment to diarrhea and malaria treatment provided by Health Extension Workers? Cluster-randomized step-wedge with stratification by zone 16 intervention and 15 control woredas of 670 rural woredas (control zone had iCCM diarrhea + malaria) To evaluate the impact on all-cause mortality of adding an antibiotic to antimalarial treatment of 2-59 months old children with fever within the Home Management of Malaria (HMM) strategy Cluster-randomized stepped wedge 1 district of 17 districts in Greater Accra Region, group of communities served as clusters. First year three arms are the controls. Second year arm 1 is control, arms 2 (malaria tx) and 3 (malaria and pneumonia tx).Third year arm 2 and 3 remain the same, arm one half receive malaria half receive malaria and pneumonia


BACKGROUND
The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of SARS-COV-2 (Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) pandemic on primary care management (frequency of monitoring activities, regular prescriptions, and test results) of older adults with common chronic conditions (diabetes, hypertension, and chronic kidney disease) and to examine whether any changes were associated with age, sex, neighbourhood income, multimorbidity, and frailty.

METHODS
A research database from a sub-set of McMaster University Sentinel and Information Collaboration family practices was used to identify patients ≥65 years of age with a frailty assessment and 1 or more of the conditions. Patient demographics, chronic conditions, and chronic disease management information were retrieved. Changes from 14 months pre to 14 months since the pandemic were described and associations between patient characteristics and changes in monitoring, prescriptions, and test results were analysed using regression models.

RESULTS
The mean age of the 658 patients was 75 years. While the frequency of monitoring activities and prescriptions related to chronic conditions decreased overall, there were no clear trends across sub-groups of age, sex, frailty level, neighbourhood income, or number of conditions. The mean values of disease monitoring parameters (e.g. blood pressure) did not considerably change. The only significant regression model demonstrated that when controlling for all other variables, patients with 2 chronic conditions and those with 4 or more conditions were twice as likely to have reduced numbers of eGFR (Estimated glomerular filtration rate) measures compared to those with only 1 condition ((OR (odds ratio) = 2.40, 95% CI [1.19, 4.87]); (OR = 2.19, 95% CI [1.12, 4.25]), respectively).

CONCLUSION
In the first 14 months of the pandemic, the frequency of common elements of chronic condition care did not notably change overall or among higher-risk patients.


Aim: In daily practice, everolimus plus exemestane therapy has begun to be used in the later-lines as it has been demonstrated that treatments such as cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant, alone or in combination, are more effective in hormone receptor (HR)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of everolimus plus exemestane in the third line and later-lines on HR-positive Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2)-negative MBC treatment with real-life data. Methods: Patients who received everolimus plus exemestane with the diagnosis of HR-positive and HER2-negative MBC between November 2013 and March 2020 were included in this retrospective cohort study. Clinicopathological characteristics of patients and treatment related toxicities were evaluated retrospectively. Results: The median age of the 33 patients included in the study was 59 (30-77) years. Twenty-three (69.7%) of the patients had visceral metastasis, while 10 (30.3%) had only bone metastasis. Everolimus plus exemestane was used in the third line in 22 (66.6%) patients and later-lines in 11 (33.3%) patients. The median follow-up time was 15.5 months (0.3-35.5). Median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 7.0 (5.1-9.0, 95% CI) months and 21.3 (13.4-29.2, 95% CI) months, respectively. Median PFS of patients with only bone metastasis and visceral metastasis were similar (7.2 vs 6.4 months, P=0.96). Conclusion: Everolimus plus exemestane is an effective and tolerable treatment choice in the later-lines in the treatment of HR-positive HER2-negative MBC.


In this study, the fortification of malted sorghum with cocoa powder to produce non–alcoholic beverage was investigated. Cocoa powder was blended with malted sorghum in different proportion to produce fortified sorghum beverage products at ratio MS 10- (90% malted sorghum and 10% cocoa powder), MS 20 - (80 % malted sorghum and 20% cocoa powder), MS30 - (70% malted sorghum and 30% cocoa powder), MS 40 - (60% malted sorghum and 40%cocoa powder),  MS 50 - (50% malted sorghum and 50% cocoa powder),  MS 60 - (Ovaltine beverage) as control. The vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, glucose, and sensory properties of all the fortified sorghum beverage samples were determined using standard methods. The range of results for vitamin B and C contents of the samples were (1.27mg/100g 1.97mg/100g) and (24.77mg/100g-54.48mg/100g) respectively. The respective values for glucose and alkaloids of the samples were (67.55%-71.02%) and (0.99%-3.13%).The contents of calcium (24.03mg/100g-274.26mg/100g), Magnesium (217.28mg/100g-322.97mg/100g), potassium (269.20mg/100g-699.63mg/100g), phosphorus (20.80mg/100g-81.91mg/100g) and zinc (2.21mg/100g-7.18mg/100g) of the malted sorghum beverage. The fortification of malted sorghum with cocoa powder enhanced the mineral content of the beverage except phosphorus. Also, the addition of cocoa powder had varying effects on the organoleptic perception of the developed food products. This work showed that all the samples were accepted by panelist with sample MS 20 - (80%malted sorghum and 20% cocoa powder) preferred to other samples except the control (ovaltine).
Aims: To investigate the effects of malted sorghum with cocoa powder to produce non–alcoholic beverage on vitamins, minerals, alkaloids, glucose contents and sensory properties.
Study Design: The vitamin, minerals, alkaloids, glucose, and sensory properties of all the fortified sorghum beverage samples were determined using standard methods.
Place and Duration of Study: Department of Food Technology, Federal Polytechnic Offa, Kwara State, between June 2019 and July 2020.
Methodology: The method of Owolarafe et al. (2007) was adopted for production of cocoa powder. The method of Hallen et al. (2004) was used to produce malted sorghum flour. The method of Belšcak-Cvitanović et al. (2010) was adopted for the production of cocoa/sorghum beverage. Sample: Alkaloids in the sample were determined using the method of Harbone, 2003. Vitamin B and were determined, total glucose, minerals were analysed/calculated and sensory evaluation was also carried out.
Results: There was consistent increase in vitamin B12 of all the samples. The vitamin B content of all the samples ranged from (1.27mg/100g –1.79mg/100g). Sample MS 60 (Ovaltine beverage) which is the control sample had the highest value with (1.79mg/100g). The result of vitamin C content obtained from this study showed an inconsistent increase. The value obtained ranged from 24.77mg/100g to 54.48mg/100g.Fortifying malted sorghum with 50% cocoa powder improved the vitamin C content. The result obtained from this study showed that cocoa was a good source of alkaloids. Alkaloids values in this study were significantly (p<0.05) higher in fortified malted sorghum samples than in the control sample MS 60 (Ovaltine beverage) except sample MS 10 (90% malted sorghum and 10% cocoa powder which showed (0.99%).The glucose content obtained from this study indicated that there was an inconsistent increase among the samples. Glucose value ranged from (67.55% -71.02%). All the sample variations had increase in minerals studied except phosphorus which decreased with increase in percentage of malted sorghum. It can be deduced from the result of this study that sample MS20 was rated best after the control sample (ovaltine) while sample MS50 was rated lowest in terms of sweetness.
Conclusion: The fortification of malted sorghum with cocoa powder enhanced the nutritional content of the beverage. The fortified beverage had radical scavenging activity due the increase in antioxidant such as alkaloid and could be used for health promotion and disease prevention as an alternative to beverages with low nutritional / nutraceuticals value.


Among the many attractive rugs illustrated and described in H. A. Lorentz's book on Chinese rugs are two pillar rugs, one of which bears a dedicatory inscription in Chinese, the other a dedicatory inscription in Mongol. The rugs apparently form a pair. They are of the same size, the design of each, an encircling dragon, is a mirror image of that of the other, the borders are identical, and the positions of the inscriptions correspond. The shades of colour, too, are the same, indicating contemporaneous manufacture. Yet, on the face of it, the two inscriptions refer to two distinct donations, and they have been so interpreted by the author. The date in the Chinese inscription is the first month of summer in the year i-yu in the reign of Ch'ien Lung, that is 1765, while the date in the Mongol inscription is the first month of summer in the female-blue hen year in the reign of Badarayultu Törö (Kuang Hsü), that is 1885. Mr. Lorentz quotes expert opinion to the eifect that, the dates apart, the two rugs look as if they must have been woven at the same time as each other and be of late date. The inference is, he says, that both were made in 1885. Yet, he says, after describing the Chinese inscription: 'The puzzle is that the Mongol inscription in the other rug declares that this rug was presented by a different person one hundred and twenty years later!'. He offers an ingenious explanation for this dilemma, suggesting that the second donor, for he is of the opinion that two donations did indeed take place, at an interval of 120 years, caused an earlier rug to be copied, in order that he could present a pair, rather than a single item. The donor's idea would have been, to quote Mr. Lorentz: 'I herewith submit the copy of a famous rug dedicated in 1765, to which I add another such rug with my own dedication, presenting thus a pair'.


A novel method for imaging velocimetry of range motion distribution is proposed. It is based on what we call "moire Doppler effect" and temporal frequency estimation on each pixel. We project a grating pattern translating with a constant speed. Every point on the object illuminated by it returns a sinusoidally varying intensity, and is detected by the Correlation Image Sensor (CIS). In this setup, a range motion of the object causes a frequency shift of the light intensity proportional to its velocity. This is the "moire Doppler effect." The CIS can produce the Fourier coefficients of incoming light at up to three frequencies. From them, the frequency shift can be calculated by using the exact algebraic method, and thus the velocity can be estimated in each pixel. Several experiments were done to quantify the moire Doppler effect. A real-time measurement system was constructed which showed a feasible performance of the imaging velocimetry of range motion.


Disclosed is a pressure generator for a vehicle brake system and a method for mounting of the pressure generator in the vehicle brake system. The pressure generator has a modular structure composed of a pump subassembly, and a receiving housing for the sub-assembly. The housing is constructed such that it comprises at least one fluid port connected in the assembled state of the pressure generator having a fluid inlet or a fluid outlet of a cylinder block of the pump subassembly. The pump subassembly is preferably formed as a multi-piston pump, and may comprise an actuator unit for asynchronous operation of the pump piston.


Hepatocyte growth factor scatter factor (HGF/SF) elicits a number of biological activities including invasion and migration through activation of its tyrosine kinase receptor c‐Met. Over expression of c‐Met has been implicated in prostate cancer development and progression. This study examined the effect of a ribozyme transgene, designed to inhibit human c‐Met expression, and its impact on in vitro invasion and migration in prostate cancer.


Artificial Intelligence (AI) is one rapidly expanding field of knowledge that has the potential to drastically modify traditional methods across industries, including the academic sector, and the likelihood of it causing major changes means that we all must increasingly be prepared. Therefore, this study investigated how University of Ibadan lecturers perceive the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the Nigerian educational system. The survey method was adopted for the study and the purposive sampling technique was used to sample members of academic staff in the university. Data were collected from 97 lecturers, using a questionnaire titled "Lecturers' Perception of AI in Education (LPAIEd)" which had a reliability value of r = 0.82. Results showed that lecturers' perception of AI in education is highly positive. While there are no doubts about the immense benefits that AI could bring to the field of education, this study showed that some lecturers have some reservations towards its adoption. However, it was also revealed that lecturers are completely willing to adopt AI in education, regardless of their reservations. In light of these findings, it was recommended that training and orientation programmes be organised for lecturers to aid better understanding of the possibilities of AI, while also ensuring that higher institutions of learning are more equipped with modern technologies as this will help lecturers to gradually eliminate unease and foster confidence and competence in their use of technology.


The causes of the decline of mortality, which have affected Western Europe during the last three centuries, have focussed the attention of most of the literature on historical demography during the last years. Our paper deals with the childhood mortality decline in a sample of villages in Central Spain from 1860 to 1960. We analyse the decline of childhood mortality by age and by groups of infectious diseases (food and water borne, airborne, infectious by vectors and other infectious diseases). Finally we point out a multi-causal approach to the decline of mortality examining some of the factors involved in the process.


to the virus. The findings of H. L. Moses and colleagues,1 however, complicate the issue: only four out of 14 continuous suspension cultures of leucocytes from nine cases contained Epstein-Barr virus, but all contained reticular arrays of much smaller virus-like particles. Similar small particles have been seen in lymphomas and in tumours induced by Rous sarcoma virus. Viruses like the Epstein-Barr organism have been found in cells cultured from lymphoid tissue of cancer patients,21 in peripheral leucocytes from cases of myeloblastic and lymphoblastic leukaemia,2' 23 and from apparently healthy people.24 Indeed, Moses and colleagues"7 state that the frequency with which Epstein-Barr-like viruses are found in cell lines from cases of infectious mononucleosis is not greater than the frequency with which they are found in similar cell lines from patients with leukaemia or other forms of cancer. Clearly infection with a virus like the Epstein-Barr organism is common, and it is sometimes associated with infectious mononucleosis. Infection probably often persists in a latent form, and whether the possible " helper virus " seen by Moses and colleagues'7 plays a part is unknown. An important question is whether these viruses or the EpsteinBarr virus itself are oncogenic. There are certainly some pointers to this. They appear to facilitate the adaptation of lymphoid cells to growth in culture.20 21 Often Epstein-Barr virus cannot be seen in the original tissue2' and it may be that only infected cells grow well in culture. The leucocytes then become " blastoid," and a chromosomal structure previously found in Burkitt lymphoma cells appears.20 However, herpes virus infections such as herpes simplex or varicella-zoster are characterized by persistent latent infections, often localized in particular areas and tissues. Under suitable circumstances, such as those which precipitate " cold sores," they are capable of spreading from cell to cell in the presence of circulating antibody. The Epstein-Barr-like viruses in lymphoid cells do not seem to cause cell lysis, and, once infected, cells will remain so and may pass on the infection when they divide. Thus the infection probably persists as long as infected cells and their progeny survive. Some peripheral lymphocytes may circulate for months or even years. Like some other virus diseases, infection in infancy probably leads to mild disease followed by persistent infection of limited duration in the presence of long-lasting antibody. If infection occurs partly under cover of maternal antibody, only a limited number of cells may become infected. Infection in those who escape until late childhood or early adulthood probably causes a more severe illness (infectious mononucleosis), again with some persistence of latent infection. Any tumour of lymphoid tissue arising from an infected cell would be likely to carry the infection, and the proportion of cells infected would depend on the susceptibility of the progeny cells (altered or unaltered by malignant changes). Other tumours with susceptible cells and arising in close association with infected lymphoid tissue (as in the postnasal space) might also become infected. The higher antibody titres associated with Burkitt lymphomas and some post-nasal carcinomas than those found after infectious mononucleosis depend on the larger number of cells infected and therefore the greater and more prolonged antigenic stimulus. Whether Epstein-Barr virus is an oncogenic agent or merely a passenger in tumours of or associated with lymjpioid tissue remains to be determined. The mode of transmission of the Epstein-Barr-like viruses remains obscure, but their association with lymphoid tissue suggests that the tonsils and adenoids might contribute and that the epidemics in populations of young people might be associated with kissing or through mouth-to-mouth contact on fomites. Transmission in early childhood could be accounted for by similar mechanisms.


Theatre in Prisons: Theory and Practice is a striking collection of international essays that together, as Balfour states in his introduction, describe the 'rich diversity of theatre and drama work in prison-related contexts'. His summary is correct, the combination of articles written by theatre practitioners, academics, prisoners and guards combine to form a stimulating anthology that will be of interest to students and tutors in the field of Applied Theatre and to those who have read Thompson's Prison Theatre: Perspectives and Practices. Balfour's book works as a companion piece and extension to Thompson's and taken together they examine this area of theatre, which is always popular with undergraduates, from a variety of angles. Balfour's introduction concisely presents the creative impulse as being fundamentally human and as representing hope, escape and resistance. He then swiftly moves to a brief history of criminology and the paradox that theatre creates within the prison system: the thin line walked by practitioners between the integrity of the work and the need to be seen to be making the work useful. This is a theme that resonates throughout the collection and is set in context by the opening extract from Zimbardo's 'Stanford University Prison Experiment' that clearly outlines the inhumanity of incarceration for those who have not experienced or witnessed it firsthand. Baz Kershaw's chapter: 'Pathologies of Hope in Drama and Theatre', presents a convincing case for drama and theatre's ability to contribute to the creation of 'autonomous subjects especially through an engagement with systems of formalised power in an effort to create radical freedom'. This is followed by Thompson's chapter 'From the Stocks to the Stage' which disturbingly considers prison drama's potential to pander to the status quo and work within the prison system as part of a 'punishing agenda' by attaching itself to a value system. A fascinating essay by Goldstein et al entitled 'The Prosocial Gang' provides an analysis of work within the United States that, though more strictly speaking discusses more of a psychotherapy methodology than a theatrical one, draws on role playing and skills training with intact gangs to encourage positive aspects of gang behaviour, i.e. the ability to work as a support network for one another.


Tracheal inmbation is a common procedure usually accomplished easily, but if the attempt proves unexpectedly difficult the patient may be seriously at risk. Early writings contain scant reference to the difficult intubation. During the past decade there has been increasing interest in the preoperative recognition of the patient who will be difficult to intubate with routine methods, and in the management of events that can be associated with a difficult intubation. The plan for this review includes anticipation of difficulties, attempts to overcome them, and the various possible outcomes of attempts at intubation.


We present a novel scheme for the generation of entangled states of two spatially separated nitrogen-vacancy (NV) centers with two whispering-gallery-mode (WGM) microresonators, which are coupled either by an optical fiber-taper waveguide, or by the evanescent fields of the WGM. We show that, the steady state of the two NV centers can be steered into a singlet-like state through a dissipative quantum dynamical process, where the cavity decay plays a positive role and can help drive the system to the target state. The protocol may open up promising perspectives for quantum communications and computations with this solid-state cavity quantum electrodynamic system.


In 67 patients with diseases involving the muscles the anatomical involvement, bio-chemical findings and personality factors were investigated. Many cases presented problems in diagnosis between structural disease of the nervous or muscular systems and psychoneurotic reactions. Emotional changes often were accompanied by altered performance of the muscles. When the symptomatology was more severe than could be explained satisfactorily by the physical studies, the psychopathological findings were demonstrated to be of importance in the development of the clinical picture. In some instances an original diagnosis of muscle disease was shown to be erroneous by proof that a psychoneurosis existed and the symptoms could be improved by psychotherapy. The type of adjustment in those with muscle disease depended on a complexity of factors, such as the personality prior to the illness, the age of onset and the type and the course of the disability. Suggestion played an important part in the symptomatic change after ...


It
  is
  widely
  agreed
  that
  a
  conceptual
  understanding
  of
  engineering
  concepts
  is
  a required
  compliment
  to
  a
  technical
  understanding
  of
  the
  equations
  and
  how
  to
  solve them.

  However,
  students
  often
  enter
  our
  classrooms
  with
  misconceptions
  about fundamental
  phenomena,
  presenting
  a
  significant
  obstacle
  to
  conceptual
  learning. The
  first
  part
  of
  our
  work
  consisted
  of
  establishing
  reliability
  of
  instruments
  to assess
  conceptual
  understanding.

  In
  the
  present
  study,
  we
  share
  results
  from
  multi-‐ institution
  concept
  inventory
  assessments
  in
  heat
  transfer
  and
  thermodynamics. Our
  results
  indicate
  that
  instruction
  typically
  improves
  students'
  conceptual understanding
  in
  these
  areas,
  but
  not
  typically
  to
  "proficient"
  levels
  (concept inventory
  scores
  over
  70%).

  However,
  after
  implementation
  of
  inquiry-‐based activities,
  scores
  improve
  significantly,
  both
  with
  respect
  to
  the
  pre-‐course
  concept inventory
  scores
  and
  with
  respect
  to
  post-‐course
  scores
  for
  students
  who
  do
  not perform
  these
  activities.


Results of a program to investigate the reliability characteristics of unencapsulated low-cost terrestrial solar cells using accelerated stress testing are presented. A total of seven types of cells were investigated. Results of extended (~ 1 year) bias-temperature stress testing of four cell types were obtained. An additional three cell types, including cells fabricated using the advanced technologies of ribbon-grown silicon and polycrystalline silicon, were subjected to various combinations of bias, temperature cycling stress tests. The spectrum of tests used was based on previous years' work, but differs from that used earlier. An electrical measurement procedure capable of distinguishing small changes in cell electrical parameters was used. Significant degradation was shown by some cell types in some stress tests. Other combinations of cell types and stress tests resulted in no detectable cell degradation. Analysis of the origins of the differences in degradation is continuing. Second quadrant characteristics of some cell types were also investigated in order to establish the electrical behavior of cells which may be exposed to this stress condition in modules deployed in the field.


Abstract Though both meteorology and climatology are concerned to discover how the atmosphere works, the latter, especially in geography departments, is essentially a descriptive study of form, giving no fundamental insights into geophysical processes. Yet there is a growing tradition of process work in climatology, using the analytical methods of the mathematical physicist. Shunning the difficulties of such methods, geographers have begun to teach applied climatology. But such courses are, again, descriptive, and they cannot produce practitioners without providing basic meteorological training. A rigorous and quantified understanding of atmospheric processes is essential, and it demands that geographers equip themselves with expertise in mathematics, physics and instrumentation.


Many discourses link media with generations, ascribing particular appetence for the use of new media to youth, in contrast with older generations. This article aims to give an account of the empirical regularities but also differences found in a longitudinal quantitative analysis of Internet users, uses, and media preferences among different Portuguese age cohorts. Making use of questionnaire surveys with representative samples, the importance of generational belongings in structuring different types of relationships with media is demonstrated, as youngsters seem to prefer new media. However, this variable does not hold in itself complete explanatory power. The importance of formal education, besides other sociographic variables, is clear, indicating the existence of social disparities within age cohorts, with repercussions on the mediated access to resources and opportunities. The diversity and inequalities found through the statistical analysis help to combat the rhetoric of a supposedly innate, all-encompassing digital nativity. By adopting a social constructivist approach, with a more holistic scope, this article also aims to reconstruct part of the complexity and multidimensionality of the relationship between and within Portuguese generations with media, thereby deconstructing more essentialist and homogenising notions of youth and generations.


Abstract Pyridazines are an important class of heterocyclic compounds as a result of their materials and commercial applications. The synthesis of 5,6-fused ring pyridazines 2a–h from 1,2-diacylcyclopentadienes (fulvenes) 1a–h is described herein. This route was quite general, and features an efficient and convenient two-step synthesis of a series of 5,6-fused ring 1,2-disubstituted pyridazines using enolized 1,2-disubstituted fulvenes in a methanolic solution of hydrazine. Full characterization of newly formed fulvene 1e and pyridazines 2a–h are reported. Single-crystal X-ray analysis confirms the molecular structure of pyridazine 2f, which displayed the expected pyridazine fused to the cyclopentadienyl moiety. Adding to their real world capabilities in electronic devices, compounds 2a–h display reasonably high stability in solution and in air at room temperature.


Launch infrared through the AS1213 infrared remote control system in special-purpose launch integrated circuit as well as its periphery electric circuit.But take the CX20106 constitution infrared accepting circuit,again through by 89S51 as the data which the core monolithic integrated circuit processes receives,thus achieves the controlled member the goal.Designs in the reliable hardware under the condition,has designed the software systems,realizes to the object the accuracy control.


This article centers around the rationale and outcomes of the converse issue; namely, removal of metastatic extrarenal foci of RCC.


This study examines the influence of information system ratings on the performance of third-party logistics (3PL) companies using two DEA models along with one-way analysis of variance. The findings of this study are twofold: first, there is no significant performance difference at a group level by the information system ratings, which has been confirmed with analysis of variance; second, however, we have confirmed performance differences at an individual or company level due to the information system ratings using data envelopment analysis (DEA). The major contribution of this study is the first attempt to measure 3PL performance in conjunction with information systems that help supply chain management with tracking and locating products and sharing information among supply chain players.


Abductive reasoning ................. 3.144 Abuse of process covert operations ....... 2.150-6, 2.168-73 exclusion of evidence ..... 2.150-6, 1.168-73 investigations .................. 4.229-30 Acquittals, tainted .................... 1.77 Admissibility .......................... 1.13 immunity and ..................... 1.6-7 procedural rules and ............... 1.6-7 subordinated to interests of accused .. 1.20 Agent provocateur see Covert operations Allen-Miller thesis, expert evidence ............................. 2.129-30 Appeals burden of proof ............ .4.175, 4.183-5 Civil Division, review ............... 4.243 committee meeting analogy ......... 4.179 counsel role ..................... 4.178-9 deliberation ..................... 4.180-1 fresh evidence ................ 4.175, 4.183 scientific advances ............... 5.420 hearing ........................ 4.177-80 speed ........................... 4.177 as inquisitorial hearing ............. 4.185 judges control ...................... 4.179-80 deliberation ................... 4.180-1 presiding ....................... 4.182 role .......................... 4.177-8 judgment ....................... 4.181-2 delivery ......................... 4.181 timescale ....................... 4.181 legal errors .................. .4.175, 4.177 'lurking doubts' ............. .4.176, 4.183 power to order attendance .......... 2.159 preparation ........ 4.175, 4.176-7, 4.185-6 procedural errors .................. 4.175 restriction on leave .............. 4.175-6 unsafe conviction ............. "i. 4.183-4 Appropriate adult (absent) · confessions ........................ 3.168 interrogations ................... 5.387-8 Armytage, Livingstone ....... 4.249-51 bk rev Association of American Law Schools, Evidence Section www site .............. 1.76 Australia confessions by third party ........ 3.166-7 discretionary exclusion ..... 5.363, 5.364-5, ...................... 5.368-9, 5.371-2 Autre Jots convict ..................... 4.244


Adultery is a serious problem faced by Islam, including in the State of Indonesia. In Indonesian legal regulations, zina is regulated in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code, where the concept of zina which is described in this article is different from that described in the concept of Islamic Law or fiqh jinayah. The formulation of the problem of this research is how the act of adultery in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh, what are the criteria for adultery perpetrators in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh and how are the sanctions for adultery perpetrators in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh. The purpose of this study was to determine the adultery act in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh, to determine the criteria for adultery in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh and to determine the sanctions for adultery in the Criminal Code and Jinayah fiqh. The theory used in this research is the theory regarding the concept of adultery in jinnayah fiqh and the concept of adultery in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code. Furthermore, the type of research used is library research, using a normative juridical approach. The results of the research obtained show that the act of adultery in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code provides three essential conditions to be said to be an act of adultery, as well as jinnayah fiqh which provides three pillars of adultery. The perpetrator of adultery in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code is different from the perpetrator of adultery in jinnayah fiqh, in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code only applies to pairs of adulterers who are married and have intercourse not with their legal partner and there is no determination of the perpetrator's age, whereas in fiqh jinayah the perpetrator Adultery is stipulated for people who are married and people who are not married and people who are in their age of maturity are determined as adulterers. Whereas the sanctions for adultery perpetrators in Article 284 Paragraph 1 of the Criminal Code are very light when compared to the punishment for adultery in jinnayah fiqh, imprisonment given to adultery perpetrators which is one of the criminal sanctions for ta'zir in fiqh jinayah, and the perpetrators who commit adultery with qualifications who have been married are designated as criminals and are given sanctions


This article examines the role of private Islamic schools in Indonesia in providing education and fostering religious values among their students. It argues that the Indonesian government has failed to ensure equal access to quality education for all citizens and to instill a strong sense of religious identity in them. The objective of the article is to highlight the strategies employed by private Islamic schools in building students' religious character, which is seen as an essential component of their education. The article adopts a qualitative method with a multiple-case study approach on three private Islamic schools in Pekalongan, a city known for its Islamic culture and tradition. The article identifies three main strategies that the school foundation management uses to nurture students' religious character: daily supervision, monthly guidance session, and warm personal communication. The article concludes with a recommendation that the government should recognize and support the contribution of private Islamic schools in developing their own curriculum that reflects their religious vision and values.


Background: Results from prospective studies of serum homocysteine levels and ischemic heart disease (IHD) are inconclusive. Objective: The objective of the present study was to determine the magnitude of risk associated with increased plasma homocysteine levels in the absence of other conventional risk factors in patients of chronic stable angina and to determine the extent of its reduction by folic acid, pyridoxine (B6) and B12 therapy. Research Design: The study included 50 subjects of chronic stable angina with equal number of age and sex matched normal healthy individuals. The total plasma homocysteine, lipid profile, blood urea and serum creatinine levels were estimated in both the study groups. Results and Interpretations: The mean plasma homocysteine concentration was higher in patients as compared to the control subjects and the difference was highly significant (p0.01). A significant reduction in plasma homocysteine concentration (p0.01). Conclusion: Moderately high plasma homocysteine concentration is an independent but modifiable risk factor in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Homocysteine can be lowered safely and effectively with folic acid and B-vitamin supplementation. The potential benefit of lowering homocysteine can have great implications for the primary and secondary prevention of ischemic heart disease.


The Human Genome and Haplotyping mapping projects provide powerful new technologies for identifying gene variations that contribute to complex conditions like the susceptibility to sudden cardiac death (SCD). "Genomic" approaches to SCD, in contrast to "genetic" views focused on "high-impact" mutations in a small number of genes, seek to identify minor variations in many different DNA sequences, each of which may convey subtle dimensions of arrhythmia risk in heart disease. Just as family-based linkage studies on the monogenic Mendelian syndromes, like the various long QT conditions, facilitated diagnosis of rare arrhythmias in families, genomics promises insight into the "low-impact" variations distributed widely throughout the population. Clinical applications, eg, in risk stratification, therapy selection, and SCD prevention, are anticipated in the very foreseeable future.


Based on China's "30•60 dual carbon" goal, this paper takes the carbon emissions of China's power industry as the research object, and firstly improves the traditional carbon emission factor method to obtain the carbon emissions of the power industry in the relevant research years. The extended STIRPAT model is used to analyze the main factors affecting the carbon emissions of China's power industry, and three scenarios are set to predict the carbon peak time and peak carbon emissions of the power industry. The research results show that the economic development level is the power The main driving force of carbon emissions in the industry; through the scenario analysis, it can be seen that adjusting the power energy structure and reducing coal consumption for power supply can achieve the carbon emissions peaking goal of the power industry in 2030.


In this modern world we are exposed to various factors which disturb homeostasis of our body physiology, leads to the development of various disease as its end point. Among the various diseased conditions less percentage of diseases were cured, in case of the remaining disease conditions only their symptoms are reduced instead of complete cure. Eg: AIDS, Cancer, Diabetic mellitus, Hypertension and hytperlipidmia. Among the various dreadful diseases, Hyperlipidimia is one the major disease affecting all age of people having a mortality rate of about 5% of all human deaths and 80% diseases caused do to this hyperlipidmia. The present synthetic Anti hyperlipidimic drugs produce undesirable side effects and treatment is cost effective. The plants selection in the present study was done on basis of it easy availability and phytochemical constituents to screen their therapeutic potential. The plant Plumeria acuminata Linn contain alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, phenol and other constituents. The Methanolic extract of Ruellia tuberosa Linn possess phytochemicals with reported antioxidant activity, the formulation was screened for anti-oxidant activity by catalase assay and has significant free radical scavenging activity. Studies lead to the conclusion that herbal extract of the whole plant Ruellia tuberosa Linn could be used for the treatment of hyperlipidemia, as they are found to be potent and safe in pre-clinical study. However elucidation of exact mechanism of action of beneficial effects of these formulations WORLD JOURNAL OF PHARMACY AND PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES SJIF Impact Factor 6.647 Volume 6, Issue 9, 1612-1626 Research Article ISSN 2278 – 4357 Article Received on 18 July 2017, Revised on 07 August 2017, Accepted on 28 August 2017, DOI: 10.20959/wjpps20179-10100 *Corresponding Author K. Naga Rani Department of Pharmacology, St.Mary's Group of Institutions Guntur, Chebrole (V-m), Guntur, Andhra Pradesh India – 522212.


The recent technologies that try to offer huge improvement in spectral efficiency, data rate, transmission efficiency; throughput and improves scalability for next generation is huge Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) system. This may show advantages in enormous MIMO based on propagation environment. Moreover, owing to stationary properties of MIMO, channel characterization is not more appropriate for spatial domain. Dynamic adoption is not attained in 2D channels with more possibilities and considerable 5G network capacity enhancements. Here, channel characterization of MIMO is considered and simulated.


The concept of using internal cavities in semiconductors for surface studies is presented. The microstructures of He-implanted (001) Si are characterized with [110] cross-section TEM, which shows that internal areas 5–7 times that of the specimen front surface are achieved with 1×10 17 He/cm 2 implanted at 30 keV and annealed at 700 or 800°C. Examples using internal cavities to determine surface bond strengths of other elements adsorbed on Si are indicated. Facets on the cavities are used to examine the equilibrium crystal shape of Si and to measure the ratios of the surface free energies of the observed planes. The {111} planes have the lowest energy, and those of {001} and {110} are 1.09(7) and 1.07(3) times higher, respectively. We also find cavities in He-implanted Ge after annealing that can be used for similar studies.


The objective of this research was to evaluate Durio zibethinus Murr seed flour in different levels in substitution with rice bran in concentrate of diet on milk production and milk quality in lactating dairy cows. The rice bran/durio seed flour ratios in concentrate were DC 1: 35/12.5, DC2: 27.5/20, DC 3: 20/27.5, and DC 4: 12.5/30. Experimental design used was Latin Square 4 × 4, four treatments and four 3 week-periods. Results showed that milk production, milk quality, and feed efficiency of dairy cow fed diet containing concentrate with 20% rice bran/27.5% Durio zibethinus flour was found to be the optimal one.


To compare the difference in inducing apoptosis of leukemic cell lines Jurkat cells,K562 cells and HL-60 cells by recombinant human soluble TNF-related apoptosis inducing ligand(rhsTRAIL) and to explore the relationship between these differences and the expression quantity of the TRAIL receptors,such as DR4,DR5,DcR1 and DcR2,the leukemic cell lines employed were treated with different concentrations of rhsTRAIL for 12,24,and 48 hours respectively.The apoptosis was detected by PI staining and flow cytometry,and the expressions of the TRAIL receptors DR4,DR5,DcR1 and DcR2 were detected by RT-PCR.It was demonstrated that the apoptosis rate of Jurkat cells induced with different concentrations was higher than that of the untreated cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner.However,no significant evidence of apoptosis was found in case of the K562 and HL-60 cells line.As demonstrated by RT-PCR,the expression of DR4 on the surface of the Jurkat cells line was increased along with the prolongation of cultivation times for cells and the increasing concentrations of rhsTRAIL,but no expression of DR5,DcR1 and DcR2 could be detected.On the surface of the K562 cells and HL-60 cells,the expression of DR4 showed no significant change,and no expression of DR5,DcR1 and DcR2 could be detected also.The apoptosis of Jurkat cells induced by rhsTRAIL had dose-and time-dependence and showed positive correlation with the surface expression of DR4.It is evident that under certain concentration of rhsTRAIL induces no apoptosis of the K562 cells and HL-60 cells and no significant change on the surface expression of DR4 can be found.These results suggest that in case of treatment of patients with leukemia with TRAIL,its dosage and range of application should be carefully appreciated.


Objective: Given conflicting data regarding the association of HIV infection and ischemic stroke risk, we sought to determine whether HIV infection conferred an increased ischemic stroke risk among male veterans. Methods: The Veterans Aging Cohort Study–Virtual Cohort consists of HIV-infected and uninfected veterans in care matched (1:2) for age, sex, race/ethnicity, and clinical site. We analyzed data on 76,835 male participants in the Veterans Aging Cohort Study–Virtual Cohort who were free of baseline cardiovascular disease. We assessed demographics, ischemic stroke risk factors, comorbid diseases, substance use, HIV biomarkers, and incidence of ischemic stroke from October 1, 2003, to December 31, 2009. Results: During a median follow-up period of 5.9 (interquartile range 3.5–6.6) years, there were 910 stroke events (37.4% HIV-infected). Ischemic stroke rates per 1,000 person-years were higher for HIV-infected (2.79, 95% confidence interval 2.51–3.10) than for uninfected veterans (2.24 [2.06–2.43]) (incidence rate ratio 1.25 [1.09–1.43]; p < 0.01). After adjusting for demographics, ischemic stroke risk factors, comorbid diseases, and substance use, the risk of ischemic stroke was higher among male veterans with HIV infection compared with uninfected veterans (hazard ratio 1.17 [1.01–1.36]; p = 0.04). Conclusions: HIV infection is associated with an increased ischemic stroke risk among HIV-infected compared with demographically and behaviorally similar uninfected male veterans.


The research was conducted at Malang Regency, East Java, Indonesia, with the research purpose of understanding the amount of small-scale income and characteristics generated by layer farmers. Data collection from February to March 2020 used the survey method. The total sample was 109 respondents determined by the purposive sampling method with the consideration of laying farmers with 2.000 – 7.666 birds for at least three years. The data collection consisted of primary and secondary data. Data were analyzed using descriptive analysis. The result showed that the success rate of the livestock business is inseparable from the characteristics of the farmers. Characteristics of respondents observed in the research included age, education, occupation, breeding experience, and the number of family members. The conclusion of this research is the livestock population was 7,667-15,333 birds, the age around 40–49 years, educational level was elementary school, occupation as farmers, the farming experience was 11-15 years and family member of farmers was 5 people.


Graphs which are more or less "symmetric" in one sense or another have been the subject of many investigations. In particular, finite graphs in which all edges are equivalent under isomorphisms of the graph have attracted some attention (see, for example, Fleischner and Imrich [2], Grunbaum and Shephard [5]). Here we extend this investigation to infinite planar graphs which are "reasonable" in the sense that they have locally-finite plane embeddings. The purpose of this paper is to give a complete enumeration of such graphs, both finite and infinite.

We remark that the seemingly similar problem of determining all planar graphs in which the vertices are equivalent under isomorphisms of the graph appears to be much harder, and at present we are very far from a solution.


Moisture determinations with two hardseeded legumes-honeylocust, Gleditsia triacanthos L., and mimosa, Albizia julibrissin Durazzini--clearly showed that seed coats must be ruptured in some fashion to allow all moisture to escape during ovendrying. With these species, cutting the seeds in half was equivalent to grinding for this purpose. In a comparison of grinders, a small coffee mill performed just as well as a Wily laboratory mill, but its durability with large hard seeds may be questioned. According to the Karl Fischer technique run on an automatic analyzer, ovendrying methods provided accurate measurements of moisture for honeylocust but underestimated moisture in the smaller mimosa seeds. Tree Planters' Notes 43(3):72-75: 1992. There are two primary reasons for measuring the moisture content of seeds. One is the requirement that all seeds bought and sold in international commerce be tested for germination, purity, and moisture content. The second is seed workers' need to know the condition of the seeds that they are extracting, cleaning, and storing. In commercial transactions, moisture determinations must be accurate and precise, and most countries use the procedures of the International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) for official tests. In routine seed handling, accuracy is also desirable but the precision required is much lower. Seed moisture content is expressed as a percentage of


Various embodiments of A present disclosure may be to explain a circuit for transmitting data to a receiving area of the integrated circuit from the transmission area of the integrated circuit. The circuit may as to level-shift the data to the appropriate voltage level, permissible error for clock skew may be as good. Other embodiments, including systems comprising an integrated circuit or the integrated circuit comprising the circuit, may be that these have also been disclosed or claimed. .FIELD 1


Modafinil,a new stimulant with vigilance promoting properties,was synthesized from diphenylmethanethiol in the ionic liquidBF_4.The route include three steps: etherification,ammoniation and then oxidation.Factors such as chloracetate,reaction temperature on process were studied.And discussed the ionic liquid was recovered.The optimum reaction conditions are as follows: diphenylmethanethiol ∶ methyl chloroacetate is 1∶1.5,and the reaction carried out at 100℃ for 4 h,2-(benzhydrylthio)acetamide can be carried out in the room temperature for 20 h,the yield of 2-(benzhydrylthio)acetamide was 76%,hydrogen dioxide∶2-(benzhydrylthio)acetamide is 1∶1,and the reaction carried out at 60℃ for 3 h,the yield of modafinil was 79%,the total yield of reaction can be reached 48%.


e21166 Background: Transforming growth factor beta receptor 2 (TGFBR2) is a transmembrane receptor that plays an important role in both cellular functions and immune reaction, including cell proliferation, cell differentiation and extracellular matrix production. It forms a heterodimeric complex with TGF-beta receptor type-1 and binds TGF-beta. The association between TGFBR2 gene mutations and efficiency of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has not been investigated in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Two published cohorts of NSCLC patients treat with ICIs were used to explore the immunotherapeutic predictive role of TGFBR2 gene mutations, including a discovery cohort (Gandara et al., Nature Genetics, 2018) and a validation cohort(Samstein et al. Nature Genetics, 2019). The Cancer Genome Altas (TCGA) Pan -Lung Cancer dataset was used for prognostic analysis. Results: TGFBR2 mutations were identified in 1.6% (7/429) and 2.3% (8/344) patients with NSCLC in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. In the discovery cohort, patients with TGFBR2 mutations had shorter progression-free survival (PFS, median, 1.3 months vs 2.7 months; HR = 2.83; 95% CI, 1.33–6; p = 0.0046) and dramatically shorter overall survival (OS, median, 2.4 months vs 11.1 months; HR = 3.46; 95% CI, 1.63–7.35; p = 0.00058) than those with wild-type TGFBR2. Consistent with this, TGFBR2 mutations were significantly correlated with shorter OS (3 months vs 10 months; HR = 3.46; 95% CI, 1.63–7.35; p = 0.00058) in the validation cohort. In addition, no significant difference was found in OS between TGFBR2-mutant and TGFBR2-wild-type NSCLC patients with standard treatment in TCGA cohort (p = 0.821). Conclusions: TGFBR2 gene mutations are associated with shorter survival in NSCLC patients treated with ICIs, suggesting that TGFBR2 mutations be used as a potential biomarker of predicting the efficiency of immunotherapy and guiding NSCLC systemic treatment.


In Parkinson's disease (PD), dyskinesia is a consequence of nigral dopaminergic cell death and chronic levodopa treatment. The cause of levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) is unknown but may result from adaptive neuronal changes in the striatum (1). In PD, as well as rodents with an unilateral median forebrain bundle lesion, expression of nNOS mRNA, as well the number of nNOS immunoreactive (-ir) neurones is markedly altered and nNOS inhibitors can reduce levodopa-induced motor abnormalities (2).


Finland is said to be at the forefront of information society development. However, the rhetoric has been deterministic, presenting an inevitable phenomenon to which all citizens have to adapt. There has been a tendency to ignore all social, regional and local differences. The province of North Karelia aspires to be a more citizen-oriented information society. The Joensuu Community Resource Centre (CRC) Netcafé is a place which provides the opportunity (but not the necessity) for spontaneous involvement and participation in (the information) society. It creates space for local interpretations and views about information society and technology. The research is based on a questionnaire and interviews. When information technology is combined with the CRC's various other activities, it cannot be an independent, self-governed phenomenon. The CRC provides a context that allows a sense of proportion to develop in relation to information technology and the rhetoric of information society strategy.


This paper outlines a conceptual map that allows new academic staff in universities to see the relationship of teaching and learning within a context wider than their individual specialisations. These wider contexts include the institutional context and its sub-contexts, as well as local, national and international contexts. Examples are given to illustrate how the conceptual map has been applied not only within Victoria University but also in New Zealand schools. The teaching-learning conceptual map is particularly useful in interpreting the different notions of learner-centredness for it recognises the totality of learning activities within an institution.


Cluster is a new pattern of competitive economy and region and synergic competition is one of important mechanisms to obtain competitive advantage of clusters. At first, the article analyzes motivation of small and medium-sized enterprises' synergic competition from necessity and possibility aspects based on cluster theory and points out the reason why the small and medium-sized enterprises in cluster is easier than others to form synergic competition mechanism, then the author puts forward some specific measures to solve the problems which impede establishment synergic competition mechanism of cluster in China.


In order to normalize clinical data management, simplify procedures and reduce sources of errors in the process of statistical analysis, we design some SAS macro programs to output directly the statistic form for measurement data of normal distribution.


Exchange rate movements can be forecast if we understand how exchange rates are determined. This paper seeks to find significant explanatory variables in the time series variation of foreign exchange rates based on Nigerian data. The study period covered 2004 to 2009 using monthly data for the Wholesale Dutch Auction Market (WDAS). The study embodies the monetary approach to exchange rate determination, and was conducted within the conceptual framework of generalized auto – regressive conditional heteroskedasticity. The result of the analysis showed that the independent variables, foreign exchange demand/supply gap, money supply (broad and narrow), Interest rate, and exchange rate volatility were significant determinants of exchange rate in Nigeria during the period under review. All the included variables were significant, however on the basis of a priori expectations, we observed mixed results with respect to sign of money supply and interest rates.

 Key words: Exchange rate volatility, price inflation, market psychology.


Precipitation event attributes, defined as the amount, duration, and frequency of individual rainstorms, vary considerably from place to place and season to season. Event variability is caused by a combination of large-scale and local climate processes. Correlations of seasonal time series show that the Pacific/North American (PNA) teleconnection pattern and local rainfall event attributes are significantly related in specific areas of the south-eastern USA in some seasons. Shifts in the zonal/meridional flow over North America affect both the number of events and the event size. The total number of events in some regions changes by as many as 10 to 12 events per season with shifts in continental-scale circulation. An analysis of attribute distributions shows that the percentage of total events falling into selected intensity categories may also change by as much as 10 per cent between flow regimes. Relationships have both temporal and spatial patterns. Shifts in continental-scale circulation affect event attributes most strongly in winter, with more events occurring in zonal years. Events with greater amounts and durations are found east of the Appalachians in meridional years and west of the mountains in zonal years.


T Old English quotation, which J. R. R. Tolkien uses in "Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics" to describe the theme of Beowulf, does not appear anywhere in the corpus of Anglo-Saxon. It is an invention by Tolkien, created by splicing together a partial quotation from Widsith and an Anglo-Saxon poetic commonplace most famously found in the poems The Wanderer, The Seafarer, and Beowulf.2 The passage in Widsith is "oþþæt eal scæce# / leoht and lif somod" (141b-142a; until all departs, light and life together).3 It occurs at the very end of the poem, when the poet says that singers will exalt the reputations of those who are generous to them and will continue to maintain the fame of the heroic "until all departs, light and life together." The "lif is læne" part of the quotation does not appear in exactly that form anywhere in the corpus of Old English texts, but the idea, usually phrased as an adjective-noun combination such as "þis læne lif " ("this fleeting life") appears to be a commonplace.4 The most famous instances of the idea can be found in the Exeter Book elegies The Wanderer and The Seafarer, and in Beowulf. In The Wanderer, the following lines occur after the famous ubi sunt passage that laments the passing of the glories of the world, a passage that was in adapted by Tolkien in "The King of the Golden Hall" into the poem "Where now the horse and the rider?" (TT, III, vi, 112). 5 The narrator of The Wanderer says:


Background The term "Brain Drain", often known as "human capital flight", is a nearly half-century-old phenomenon by which highly skilled professionals and academics seek higher paying job opportunities in other countries. NationMaster-Encyclopedia (n.d.) defines a brain drain or human capital flight as an emigration of trained and talented individuals ("human capital") to other nations or jurisdictions, due to conflicts, lack of opportunity, health hazards where they are living or other reasons. It was in the 1950s when there was an attempt to halt the exodus of highly skilled and educated Britons to North America, particularly the United States, for better job opportunities that the term "Brain Drain" was used for the first time. Because of the deep-rooted tradition of democratic governance and rapid expansion of free market economy for most West European countries, the brain drain dilemma was a temporary phenomenon. Although these early emigrants were economic migrants, during the 1960s and 1970s the political upheavals in many sub-Saharan African countries gave way to political migration where many left their beloved countries for fear of political persecution. Of course Europe and the United States remained their choices of destinations (Carltles & Miller, 2003). Alarmed by the continuous exodus of educated manpower, particularly from less developed to well developed nations, in 1964 the United Nations General Assembly formed a committee to investigate the effects that emigration of talented persons has on both developed and developing nations. The findings indicate that wealthy nations intentionally and systematically attract talented personnel from poor nations to derail their development (Committee on the International Migration of Talent, 1970). In his January 2005 speech at "Africa's Brain Drain" forum in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia's Prime Minister, Mr. Meles Zenawi, acknowledged the negative effect that brain drain has on the country's social, economic and political infrastructure. He noted the presence of more Ethiopian doctors in the United States than there were in Ethiopia (Kramer, 2005). The International Organization for Migration (IOM) highlighted that poor nations spend $500 million a year to train health professionals who migrate to wealthy nations (Ibid.) The 2005 Ethiopia's Ministry of Health report confirmed the reality that of the 2,491 general practitioners who graduated between 1988 and 2001, one third or about 830 had already left the country with the majority heading for the United States. In its June 2004 report, the Boston-based Physicians for Human Rights contrasted 13 African countries including Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Ghana, Kenya, Lesotho, Malawi, Namibia, Nigeria, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe with regard to a physician per number of clients served. Ethiopia was ranked the last with 3 doctors per 100,000 clients. South Africa was reported as the nation with most physicians (71.5 doctors per 100,000) from the group. The economic impact of losing such highly priced and well educated professionals who could help lift their countries out of poverty is really troubling. Mutume (2003) reported that 35 percent of professionals sent overseas for training between 1982 and 1997 did not return and those trained in medicine were the least likely to return. The author blamed the failing economies, high unemployment, human rights abuses, armed conflict and inadequate social services for the plight of educated African professionals. Mr. David Shinn (2002), a former United States Ambassador to Ethiopia, highlighted the damaging effect of brain drain on the African continent in general and that of Ethiopia in particular. According to the report: More than 2,000 Nigerian doctors work in the United States even though there continues to be a critical need for health professionals in Nigeria. About 10,000 Nigerian academics are employed in the United States alone. …


Odysseus reaches Ithaca in the Homeric text and also in the modern Odyssey. He had really reached there when the new poem begins. Ithaca preserves the symbology which had in the Homeric text, but it acquires a new role. In the island, Odysseus reaffirms his identity: he is the same hero who participated in the Trojan war, fought against adversities and temptation for ten years, without losing the will to return to his land and home. He recognizes his territory, buries his father and accompanies his son in the latter's wedding. Now it is also the point of departure: Odysseus sails from it in a new voyage, perhaps longer than the previous one and with no return. The beloved island remains as such. Loving it, the hero abandons it. In his very long voyage to death on he Antarctic ices he often remembers it.


Disclosed is an agent for treating involuntary movements other than tremors. The agent contains an 1,2-dihydropyridine compound, which is highly useful as a pharmaceutical product and has an AMPA receptor antagonist action, a salt thereof or a solvate of any of them.


Food taboos can increase the risk of nutritional deficiencies, especially protein, fat, vitamin A, vitamin E and iron in pregnant women. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between food taboo culture and protein intake in pregnant women. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross sectional approach. The sample in this study were all pregnant women in the Pojoksari Village selected by the total sampling method. The results of the study show that most pregnant women practice a food taboo culture. Based on the results of statistical tests with chie square obtained p value = 0.683, which means there is no relationship between food taboo culture and protein intake in pregnant women. Although there is no relationship, it is known that pregnant women who practice food taboo culture have less protein intake to a deficit. Providing education about the food taboo to pregnant women is important to keep their nutritional intake during pregnancy well fulfilled.


A support vector machine (SVM) is applied in the unmanned driving exploration vehicle in this paper. The exploration vehicle is intended for the unknown environment exploration, and will be equipped with six ultrasonic sensors, global position system and a CCD sensor for detecting obstacles. Onboard speed and steering controllers are the core of the guiding system. Measurements of obstacle distance and direction are anticipated to be imprecise however, because the performance of ultrasonic sensors is degraded in complex environments. So we present a support vector machine that can determine a trajectory for an exploration vehicle through unknown environments, even in the presence of imprecise sensor data. The method fully utilizes the potential of the SVM and data fusion to determine vehicle navigation. And the genetic algorithm is used to confirm best parameters of SVM. The simulation results illustrate the robustness of a support vector machine approach regard to sensor imperfections, and could find the optimal path.


Invertible transforms with integer coefficients are highly desirable because of their fast, efficient, VLSI-suitable implementations and their lossless coding capability. In this paper, a large class of generalized lapped biorthogonal transforms with integer coefficients (IGLBT) is presented. The IGLBT also possesses a fast and efficient lattice that structurally enforces both linear phase and exact reconstruction properties. Preliminary image coding experiments show that the IGLBT yields comparable objective and subjective performance to those of popular state-of-the-art transforms with floating-point coefficients.


In this paper, we propose BERO (Biomimetic Tongue Robot), which is a device to try to reproduce the motion of the tongue during speech production by mimicking the human tongue. One of the features of BERO is abundant in softness because it is composed of soft actuators which have no hard parts. This feature corresponds to the fact that the tongue has no skeleton and is an advantage in realizing the soft motion of the tongue. As a prototype of BERO, we manufactured in trial a two-dimensional model in the median sagittal plane, and we carry out reproduction of the tongue shapes with BERO. As a result, we could say that BERO is suitable to reproduce the tongue shapes.


Over the past decade in Canada there has been a debate over whether or not to attach human rights criteria to the provision of development assistance. Ever since the Carter administration in the United States emphasized in the late 1970s 'the need to make economic assistance to foreign countries contingent' upon 'their respect for human rights," this issue has generated discussion in Parliament, the media, interest groups, and the academic community. The evolution of Canadian concern with this matter is now well documented,2 as are the arguments in support of such a link and the attendant problems and risks.3 From the governmental standpoint, the stage has been reached where Ottawa, in its recently published aid strategy for 'the


Transition phenomena in polymer blends of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) of various compositions were investigated by inverse gas chromatography. Below ca. 15 wt% PEO, the polymer system was almost homogeneous and the transition behavior of the blends was mainly dominated by PMMA. In ca. 25—45 wt% PEO, the two components were completely compatible and the transition behavior of the blends was mainly governed by PEO. In ca. 15—25 wt% PEO, the transition behavior was greatly changed by thermal treatment. This composition range corresponded to a critical state of the above-mentioned two states. Above ca. 45 wt% PEO, PEO domains were segregated in the homogeneous polymer matrix and spread out with increase in PEO content. In the linear triblock copolymers of PEO and PMMA, compatibility was essentially identical to that in the blend, while it greatly depended on the molecular structure in the PEO-grafted block copolymers of PEO and PMMA.


To cite this article: Upasana Nathaniel, Hannah E. Thompson, Emma Davies, Dominic Arnold, Glyn Hallam, Sara Stampacchia, Jonathan Smallwood & Elizabeth Jefferies (2017): When comprehension elicits incomprehension: Deterioration of semantic categorisation in the absence of stimulus repetition, The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, DOI: 10.1080/17470218.2017.1363793 To link to this article: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17470218.2017.1363793


We review the analysis of the tachyon and RR scalar spacetime field configurations sourced by the (m, n) ZZ D‐branes in type 0 theories. We focus on three approaches: the mini‐superspace approximation, a motivated ansatz to go beyond the semi‐classical approximation and finally by using the FZZT branes as probes. In all the three methods we find that the tension of the (m, n) ZZ brane is m n times the tension of the (1,1) ZZ brane. The RR charge of these branes is non‐zero only for the case of both m and n odd, in which case it is identical to the charge of the (1,1) brane.


Computer-based business simulation games are used in business courses in many universities. In this study, we explored the drawbacks and benefits of use of such games in business courses from both ...


The era of Wali Songo is the end of domination Hindu-Budhist Era in cultural heritage to be replaced with Islamic culture. But the Role of Wali Songo heavily in establishing the Islamic kingdom in java, as well as their influence on the culture of society largely and religious proselytizing directly, making the figures more widely known than any other characters Islamic missionaries. Among the members of the Wali Songo whose name is very popular by people in the java is Sunan Kalijaga or Raden Syahid. He was one of the most influential figures in the process of Islamization in Java. Tolerant to local culture and utilization of the world of art and culture became his charactristic in religious proselytizing of method. Puppets, gamelan, mysticism or any other traditional song and culture are part of the culture of Javanese society which succesfully utilized as means of religious proselytizing by sunan kalijaga. Based on the studying above, the research question in this research is how the method is applied Sunan Kalijaga mission through a cultural approach in the process of Islamization of Java. Keywords : metode dakwah, Islamisasi di Jawa


Through the analysis on present situation of construction supervision work in local hydraulic and hydroelectric project,this paper introduces the existing problems in this work,and puts forward the opinion to solve these problems.


Introduction and Aim: Musicians may perceive the early symptoms of dystonia because of faulty technique or lack of sufficient preparation. Hand dystonia affecting musicians is often called musician's dystonia or musician's cramp. Therefore, many musicians enhance rehearsal and practice time and seek medical assistance only in the event of a serious illness. Practice makes perfect – but for some musicians too much practice cramps their hands so badly that they can no longer play their instrument. Guitarists are typically affected in their left hand (usual non dominant hand), and the spasms may cause the fingers to contract and curl under when attempting to play. The condition called focal dystonia (musician's cramp), can afflict typist or anyone else who makes repetitive, forceful, precise movements. Most treatments focus on fingers, hands, and arms. Retraining the brain can allow musicians to play again. The objective of the study is to observe the impact of alexander technique versus mirror therapy on musician's cramp.

Methodology: A total of 150 subjects were randomly selected based on the inclusion criteria. The selected subjects were divided in three groups namely group A, group B and group C respectively. The evaluation parameters were performed using the Likert scale and has been framed based on pain, mobility, and grip.

Results: Likert scale for pain, mobility and grip was used to analyse data. The results of this study show that the Alexander Technique is more effective than mirror therapy and conventional therapy to reduce pain and improve mobility and grip for guitarists.

Conclusion: These results suggest that playing guitar by adapting Alexander technique is advantageous for building speed i.e., mobility developing grip and reducing pain.


Li Jilin, The special-class teacher, the renowned educationalist, from 1978 on, he has established "the situation teaching" "the situation education" "the situation curriculum", which costs him 26years. He has constructed the situation education theory and the operation system to instruct our country education for all-around development, and enrich the world education theory. The contribution can not be substituted. "The poem of Situation Education" has truthfully recorded the entire process of practice, experiment, exploration and research of situation education. It is of historical and documental value. The entire book elaborated the theory basis of situation education, the theory system, and the operation system, which is of high academic value. "The poem of Situation Education" is new in format, original and real in narration and poetic in language. The narration and reasoning weave together, it is valuable in practical instruction and appreciation.


For the ever-increasing demand of communication bandwidth for clustered computer interconnections, parallel optical bus technology provides a small, lightweight, flexible and low-cost alternative to the existing technology. A 20-channel, 500 Mb/s/channel CMOS laser diode (LD) driver drives a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) array in a parallel optical bus transmitter. It has a 500 Mb/s low voltage differential signal (LVDS) input interface with wide input common mode range. Total data throughput is 10 Gb/s. It uses a standard 3.3 V power supply with 1.6 W of power dissipation, with user features such as on-chip data scrambling and built-in link self-test.


We report the case of a 51-year-old Paraguayan male who consulted with an impregnation syndrome lasting 16 months. He presented hepatosplenomegaly and lymphadenopathy. A lymph node biopsy was diagnostic for leishmaniasis and Hodgkin lymphoma. It is our interest to report this case and to try to explain the relationship between leishmaniasis and Hodgkin lymphoma.


An in situ profile of 5577-A night airglow emission in the 100-km region was obtained over the magnetic equator at Thumba, India. The height of maximum emission was at 102 ± 2 km, and the half thickness of the layer was 11 ± 2 km. Total emission from the rocket and the ground photometer was around 66 R. From the emission the profile of density of atomic oxygen in the 100-km region was determined and had a maximum value of 3.19 × 10 11 cm -3 at 102 km. Intensity contribution to 5577 A from the F region is much smaller than that expected. These results are compared with rocket results obtained at middle and high latitudes and with Ogo 6 results.