The value of epidemiological studies in psychiatry, particularly field surveys, becomes increasingly evident, not only because they produce opportunities to study the associations between population characteristics and disease, but also for the assessment of the community needs for psychiatric facilities.


Populations from crosses between two winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) parents, Lancer and Warrior, which were sensitive to photoperiod, and Sonora 64, a photoperiod-insensitive spring wheat, were studied under a 10-h photoperiod. F2 distributions supported by F3 data demonstrated a two-gene inheritance system with dominant epistasis for insensitivity. The F2 distributions fit the hypothesis of a 12 early:3 late:1 very late ratio, where early heading in short days was associated with photoperiod insensitivity. Minor factors also appeared to affect the earliness of heading.


based on the existing situation analysis of the construction cost control in design phase,the problems existing in construction cost control of the design phase were analyzed,the concrete measures for construction cost control in design phase were put forward to provide reference for whom of the same profession.


This article's objective was to investigate students' perception on the use of google classroom in the online and onsite learning mode during the transition period of pandemic education. The research was a descriptive study that uses qualitative methods. The study was conducted at a public school at South-Bali, Indonesia; with the subject of approximately 80 students. The data collection process was done through survey and interview employing questionnaire and interview guide. Instruments were validated through content validation conducted through expert judges. There were five factors that were used to measure the students' perception on the use of Google Classroom in the online and onsite learning, namely: ease of access, sense of usefulness (perceived usefulness), communication and interaction, presentation of instructional materials (perceived instruction delivery), and satisfaction.  The data from were analyzed using several steps proposed, including quantified data analysis and interactive model such as data collection, data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. Results portrayed that the investigated students had positive perception towards the use of Google Classroom in EFL online learning context and in EFL onsite learning context. Results also portrayed that the score of the students' perception in onsite learning was higher, or in other word, was more positive than the online learning in the use of Google Classroom. The students positively perceived the use of Google Classroom in the current face-to-face meeting as a platform for sharing and accessing learning materials and organizing assignment.


Growing and comprehensive evidence has been gathered over the last years suggesting that the climate of the Earth is changing as a consequence of human activities. A change in climate has been affecting and will continue to affect human performance, well being and health. The first effects of increased ambient temperature on human health have already been documented and include increased mortality rates during heat-waves. As dehydration has been proposed as a prominent cause for the reported increase in mortality during heat waves (EEA, 2005), it seems necessary to evaluate its detection; so far, no agreement has yet been reached on which of the existing methods could be used as standard methods for the detection of dehydration, and which of them are sensitive enough to detect small changes in hydration level. Secondly, the risk of dehydration during daily activities has to be assessed, as this risk will most likely increase in extreme weather conditions. The present study therefore compared five different methods for the detection of dehydration and assessed water replenishment capacity with drinking ad libitum during exercise in a moderate temperature environment. Several measurements of hydration status, including changes in body mass, plasma volume, urine specific gravity, classical bioelectrical impedance parameters, and BIA-vector were performed on sixteen healthy young subjects before and after a three-hour walk in a moderately warm environment. The subjects were included either into a normohydrated group who ingested water ad libitum during the walk, or into a dehydrated group who was not allowed to drink during the experiment. The results of the study demonstrated that if the measuring conditions are standardized, body mass measurements and urine specific gravity assessment are the most sensitive methods for the detection of dehydration. In contrast, the bioimpedance measurements (both, classical bioimpedance and BIA-vector) as well as plasma volume changes, as calculated from haemoglobin and hematocrit values, failed to detect dehydration. Furthermore, the results of the study suggest that in the normohydrated group only 49 % of the body mass lost during the walk was replaced, despite the fact that ad-libitum water ingestion was allowed. Nevertheless, the observed fluid loss remained below 2 % of body mass, which has been classified as a range of normal hydration (Sawka and Montain, 2000).


In this paper, a novel model based on Complex Valued Single Neurons which make the composition of MLP and RBf, aggregate their response linearly and non-linearly in two new proposed single neurons respectively is presented. The learning and generalization capabilities of these neurons have been tested over various benchmark and real life problems. Since complex numbers have natural representation of phase and magnitude that locates the complex number uniquely on the plane, these neurons have shown their potent computational power over wide spectrum of geometrical transformations. The artificial neural network based applications in various enterprise information systems are growing interest for comprehensive coverage and understanding of organizational competitiveness. The neurobiologists studies have observed various ways for interaction of synaptic inputs in the dendritic tree which eventually reflect the computation performed by a neuron. The analysis of aggregation linearly or non-linearly has been a subject of interest for NN researchers. Most of the aggregated neuron models are based on 'Multiplication' in an attempt to consider non-linearity in ANN. Prior research work pertaining to implementation of the input derived from the relationship among the second and higher order polynomial as a set of inputs is available. The novel model presented in this paper has the potential to improve the ANN performance by virtue of faster response achieved as a result of aggregated input constituted of MLP and RBf


Introduction: Esomeprazole is a non-essential drug which is expensive. In Mahasarakham hospital, utilization of and expenditure for esomeprazole injection are increasing. Therefore, in December 2012, the hospital introduced a policy to control use of esomeprazole injection. The objective of this study is to assess the impact of the policy. Methods: Data on esomeprazole utilization and expenditure in in-patient department during October 2011 to September 2013 were obtained. Utilization and expenditure were defi ned as vial and baht per gastrointestinal (GI) patient, respectively. Changes in level and trend were examined by segmented regression of interrupted time series (ITS) analysis. Results: esomepraozole utilization and expenditure declined from 6.2 to 4.1 vial/GI patient/month (33.9% reduction) and from 2,198 to 1,462 baht/GI patient/month (33.5% reduction), respectively, but omeprazole and pantoprazole utilization and expenditure increased. From ITS analysis, the policy statistically associated with changes in level and trend of esomeprazole use (utilization: level change -1.79 vial/GI patient/month (95%CI: -3.06 to -0.51) and trend change -0.21 vial/GI patient/month (95%CI: -0.40 to -0.03) and expenditure: level change -630.65 baht/GI patient/month (95%CI: -1,080.52 to -180.78) and trend change -75.64 baht/GI patient/month (95%CI: -140.69 to -10.60)). Conclusion: The drug control policy has signifi cantly impacted both utilization of and expenditure for the study drugs. To effi ciently control health expenditure, expensive substitute drugs should be considered and also controlled.


The present invention provides a redundant power multifunction apparatus, comprising redundant power supply module, the overvoltage protection module, a module undervoltage protection, surge protection module, the redundant power supply module and overvoltage protection module, respectively, undervoltage protection module, surge protection module is connected, overvoltage protection module, undervoltage protection modules on power quality acquisition, to ensure normal power supply voltage output of the redundant power supply module, the module to ensure that the surge protection device for a redundant power supply hot swap protection module.


A case of a 55-year-old man with generalized gastric adenocarcinoma complicated by microangiopathic haemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia (cr-TTP) is presented.


The Warren River was identified by the Government of Western Australia as a potential water resource for the south-west of WA. To return the river to potable standards, tree and perennial pasture plantings have been promoted to lower the groundwater table and thus decrease salt load inputs to the river. To investigate potential land treatment options the LUCICAT model was used to assess the impact of various climate change and land-use practices (farm dams, diversions and tree and perennial pasture plantings) on streamflow and salinity. By strategically positioning such systems in high salt load regions and low rainfall zones, the scenarios aim to maximise stream salinity reductions while providing diversity and options to farmers in their management practices. Sustainable land-use management can therefore be achieved by strategic approaches to reducing stream salinity.


Background: Kikuchi Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a rare, benign self-limited disease characterized by prolonged regional lymphadenopathy associated with or without systemic signs or symptoms. It is a rare diagnosis in children. Due to the lack of pathognomonic clinical symptoms/signs, KFD poses a significant challenge to the clinician. Its diagnosis is confirmed by lymph node biopsy. Clinical Description: A 12.5-year boy presented with chronic cervical lymphadenopathy of 6-week duration, associated with mild-moderate fever, pain, and weight loss. He had raised erythrocyte sedimentation rate, leukopenia, lymphopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Mantoux test was positive. He was managed as a case of tuberculous lymphadenopathy till the lymph node biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of KFD. Management: The child recovered without medications. There has been no recurrence or relapse in 1.5 years of follow-up. Conclusion: This case report highlights the importance of considering the diagnosis of KFD in children presenting with persistent or chronic lymphadenopathy.


Food security represents that everyone is able to purchase and afford enough food necessary for survival and health at any time, which closely connects with harmonious society, stable policies and sustainable economic growth and plays a significant role in heavily populated countries such as China. Currently, while providing 1.4 billion people with adequate food, China has greatly enhanced people's nutrition and living quality. However, as economy develops, Chinese people are no longer satisfied with fulling up. In this research, China's achievements in food security are reviewed, including yields of grain and meat, food consumption and poverty elimination. Additionally, the strategies to safeguard food security in China are identified, including safeguarding the quantity and quality of arable land, farmers' interests, meat production and food reserves. Finally, major obstacles in China's food security revealed by grain and meat production in the new era are analyzed. Meanwhile, it is argued that the food security will not disappear as a permanent topic because food is enough temporarily; therefore, some implementation suggestions are put forward based on current situation and trend of food security.


Many recent critical discussions of anthropocentrism have focused on Bryan Norton's 'convergence hypothesis': the claim that both anthropocentric and nonanthropocentric ethics will recommend the same environmentally responsible behaviours and policies. I argue that even if we grant the truth of Norton's convergence hypothesis, there are still good reasons to worry about anthropocentric ethics. Ethics legitimately raises questions about how to feel, not just about which actions to take or which policies to adopt. From the point of view of norms for feeling, anthropocentrism has very different practical implications from nonanthropocentrism; it undermines some of the common attitudes – love, respect, awe – that people think it appropriate to take toward the natural world.


Bacterial adhesion to the surface of implants in bone tissue may result in serious peri-implant diseases and cannot always be avoided by sterilization prior to implantation. For this reason, different strategies to confer the implant surfaces with intrinsic antibacterial properties are being developed. A major difficulty is that effective antibacterial materials may be detrimental to the adhesion of eukaryotic cells, and be poorly integrated into the host tissue. Here, we develop and characterize a composite coating material comprising silver nanoparticles deeply buried inside a matrix of plasma-polymerized hexamethyldisiloxane. Applied to titanium dental screws, the coating shows a good resistance against stresses from sterilization with β-irradiation and drilling into bone tissue. By varying the parameters of the plasma-depositing process, we are able to either induce or hinder the adhesion of epithelial cells. Through a fluorescence microscopy analysis, we demonstrate that the inclusion of silver nanop...


Rapid sensitive in vitro bioassays using specific enzymes and radioligand-receptor binding form the basis of industrial screening for potential novel drug entities. In collaboration with two multi-national pharmaceutical companies, we have applied receptor ligand binding assays using either animal or human cloned receptors to investigate plants for a range of CNS activities. Selected Chinese plants and sources of CNS active compounds Ten species from six Chinese genera were selected because of their use in the treatment of CNS disorders or because of close relationship to such plants. Extracts prepared in 70% ethanol were screened for their ability to inhibit binding of radioligands to 18 different receptors obtained from animal tissues. Bioassay-guided fractionation of Schefflera bodinieri resulted in the isolation of ten bioactive novel triterpenoids and Clerodendrum mandarinorum yielded fourteen known compounds identified as triterpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, pyrones and saccharides. Uncaria rhynchophylla yielded known heteroyohimbines and polyphenols as active principles. Compounds were identified on the basis of spectral data, mainly 'H and I3C nmr and ms. All of the isolated compounds had IC,, values in the pM range in contrast to the nM values of the radioligands. Should plants be selected for biological testing or collected at random? Many plants have traditional reputations for the treatment of pain and more than 20 endogenous neuropeptides are implicated in the mediation of pain. The nine amino acid neuropeptide bradykinin I1 is implicated in the pathophysiological processes accompanying tissue damage i.e. inflammation and hyperalgesia. BK I1 human cloned receptors expressed in CHO cells were used to compare the activities of 300 plant species selected for their traditional use in relief of "pain" and 300 plants with no such reputations. Methanol extracts of the selected plants gave a 22% "hit rate" in comparison with 7.3% for the non-selected plants. These values were reduced to 6% and 0.6%, respectively, when polyphenolic compounds were removed from the extracts. Should polyphenols (tannins) be removed from plant extracts prior to testing? In some industrial screens polyphenols are removed from plant extracts before screening takes place. Twenty pure polyphenols were examined for their activity in 16 radioligand-receptor binding assays. At 10 -'M concentrations all of the polyphenols failed to inhibit binding of radioligands to 10 of the 16 receptors under the assay conditions and 16 of the polyphenols were active against single receptors. Further research is needed to investigate the specificity of polyphenol-receptor interactions. Active compounds may well be missed when screening is carried out on extracts fiom which polyphenols are removed. Conclusion Radioligand-receptor assays are useful biological tests for guiding fiactionation of plant extracts in the search for bioactive compounds. In theory, the technology is available to screen all 250,000 species of higher plant on Earth for a range of biological activities. In practice, many plants have been screened but because of weak activity, or lack of specificity, of isolated compounds, the results are buried in company files. The objective for industry is to identify novel drug entities, or leads to them, by selecting compounds with activity against one subset of receptor and not against related receptors. Some 50,000 such tests can be done on a daily basis. Academic research cannot match such numbers and hence needs to be targeted, perhaps by following ethnomedical leads using a narrow range of biological activities. Radioligand-receptor binding assays are powerfbl analytical tools which can be used to identi@ bioactive compounds from plant extracts. In addition to searching for novel drug entities, there is a need to provide scientific evidence for the use of traditional plant medicines.


Continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CVQKD) can be integrated with thermal states for short-distance wireless quantum communications. However, its performance is usually restricted with the practical thermal noise. We propose a method to improve the security threshold of thermal-state (TS) CVQKD by employing a heralded hybrid linear amplifier (HLA) at the receiver. We find the effect of thermal noise on the HLA-involved scheme in near-and-mid infrared band or terahertz band for direct and reverse reconciliation. Numerical simulations show that the HLA-involved scheme can compensate for the detriment of thermal noise and hence increase the security threshold of TS-CVQKD. In near-and-mid infrared band, security threshold can be extended by 2.1 dB in channel loss for direct reconciliation and 1.6 dB for reverse reconciliation, whereas in terahertz band, security threshold can be slightly enhanced for the gain parameter less than 1 due to the rise in thermal noise.


Nowadays, for many processes, high-quality-synthesis gas is required. For its generation, catalytic autothermal reforming of hydrocarbons, which is a combination of classic steam reforming (endothermic) and partial oxidation (exothermic), is a very capable method. Hence, it has been the focus of research in the past few years. The great advantage of autothermal reforming, in contrast to steam reforming or partial oxidation, is that there is no need to supply or dissipate thermal energy to or from the reaction. This feature makes it interesting for many applications, especially for smaller decentralized plants. The aim of this work is to explore the fundamentals of that process by practical experiments. According to the results of the experiments, comparisons with the gas composition gained from thermodynamic equilibrium are drawn. It can be shown that these equilibrium values nearly can be achieved by the use of a noble metal catalyst even at low temperatures. Furthermore, noble metal catalysts feature only marginal losses of the hydrocarbon-conversion by increasing the space velocity.


Data-driven models such as active contours in 2-D and deformable surfaces in 3-D have become prevalent in the computer vision community, particularly in the areas of shape tracking and shape recovery. They provide an important alternative to typical model-based recognition and tracking approaches that assume knowledge of the exact geometry of the object. Despite the power of these approaches, data-driven models often encode too little model information. As a consequence, active 3-D model recovery schemes often require manual segmentation or good model initialization, and active contour trackers have been able to track only an object's translation in the image. To overcome these problems requires bridging the representational gap between overconstrained geometric models and underconstrained active models. In previous work, we introduced a qualitative object representation integrating object-centered and viewer-centered models. In this paper, we rst show how this representation provides the missing constraints on the recovery of quantitative 3-D deformable models from 2-D images. We then show how this same representation provides the missing constraints needed to qualitatively track an object's rotation in depth or to quantitatively track an object's pose. To appear in: L. Harris and M. Jenkin (eds.), Computational and Psychophysical Mechanisms of Visual Coding, Cambridge University Press, New York, NY.


Research, policy and practice on education in recent years has focused attention on the mediating role that parents play in children's schooling. Parents have been constructed as responsible agents; as consumers, investors and partners in performance oriented educational project. Much of the literature has looked at parent-school relations from the vantage point of parents, particularly parents in disadvantaged areas. Less has been written on how parent-school relations look from a school's perspective. In this paper we draw on data from a case study English school in a socio-economically deprived area and explore the nature of the construct 'responsible parent' from the perspectives of teaching staff. We utilise data from semi-structured interviews with teaching staff in one case study school locate on the outskirts of a English city. Through the data we outline teachers' conceptions of parents and an emerging network of engagement incorporating parents as part of a broader social and education project in school. We argue that a dominant construct, the responsible parent, has resonances with the ways that teachers conceptualise parents. At the same time, the case study school inhabits a dual institutional space: it is captured within a neo-liberal discourse on responsible parent as a key conduit for an outcomes oriented education project. It also goes beyond the narrow confines of formal educational structures in offering 'challenging' parents social and emotional support in connecting with their children and their schooling.


When a technology is deemed ready to be infused into a legacy or parent system, the infusion process becomes complicated and it is difficult to measure the success of that infusion. This paper concentrates on that infusion and introduces the concept of "infusion complexity." The complexity at the interface of a new technology's infusion into a legacy system can contribute to the success and smooth the transition of it into an integrated system. In contrast, it can create unforeseen emergent behavior and challenges in the infusion problem. Therefore, it is critical to gain deep knowledge and assess the complexity of the two complex systems' infusion to help reveal their success or lack thereof. Because minimal written research exists involving technology infusion into complex systems, a more thorough study is needed. A literature survey was performed and sets the landscape for what has currently been accomplished. The topics researched include technology readiness and assessment, integration and system readiness, technology infusion in complex systems, engineering change, and associated research. Overall, this paper communicates the need to understand and measure the success of infusing a new or advanced technology into a complex system. This research could help project managers and system mangers integrate new technologies more effectively and efficiently.


Present day production and use of Erogrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter, which means "lost" in Amharic, for grain or fodder in the United States represents re-discovery of a crop used by ancient civilizations. Teff is a C4 plant (Kebede et al. 1989), having Kranz anatomical characteristics, and is intermediate between a tropical and temperate grass. The use of teff can be traced back to about 3359 BC (Mengesha 1965). In contrast to amaranth, which was utilized by early civilizations throughout the world, teff production and uses have been primarily restricted to the countries of Ethiopia, India and its colonies, and Australia (Anon. 1894). While teff grain still provides over two-thirds of the human nutrition in Ethiopia, it is relatively unknown as a food crop elsewhere. Teff has adaptive characteristics similar to other crops grown by early civilizations. Teff can be cultivated under a wide range of environmental conditions such as on marginal soils under water logged to drought conditions. Teff can produce a crop in a relative short growing season and will produce both grain for human food and fodder for cattle. The grain is either white or a very deep reddish brown in color. Published accounts of teff in the late 1800s report that upper class consumed the white grain, the dark grain was the food of soldiers and servants, while hay made from teff was consumed by bullocks (Anon. 1894, 1897). Late 20th century publications in the United States describes teff grain as being marketed as a health food product, or used as a late planted emergency forage for livestock (Goerge 1991, Weibye 1991).


Objective To compare raw (not normalized) and normalized urea and creatinine clearances between women and men on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). To study whether potential gender differences are due to the normalization process. Design Retrospective analysis of clearance studies. Setting Dialysis units of four academic medical centers. Participants The study included 302 subjects (135 women and 167 men) on CAPD with four daily exchanges and a 2-L exchange volume. Intervention Measurement of urea and creatinine clearances (261 in women, 352 in men) by standard methods. Body water (the volume of distribution, V, for both urea and creatinine) was estimated by the Watson anthropometric formulas. Main Outcome Measures Comparison of raw and normalized clearances between women and men. Urea clearance was normalized by V (Kt/Vur), while creatinine clearances was normalized by both V (Kt/Vcr) and body surface area (BSA) (Ccr). Results Mean values of weekly total (peritoneal plus renal) raw clearances were higher in men (urea clearance: women 67.1 L, men 77.4 L; Ccr: women 61.7 L, men 78.3 L). Raw renal clearances were higher in men, while raw peritoneal clearances were comparable. Mean weekly total Kt/Vur was higher in women (2.19 vs 1.94 in men), mean weekly total Kt/Vcr did not differ between the genders (women 2.01, men 1.95), while mean weekly Ccr was higher in men (73.0 vs 64.7 L/1.73 m2 in women). When clearances differed, the differences were significant at p < 0.001. Men had greater height and weight, while women had greater body mass index. On the average, V in men exceeded V in women by 31%, while BSA in men exceeded BSA in women by only 12%. Conclusions Normalization of clearances by V creates relatively higher clearance values in women, while normalization by BSA creates relatively higher clearance values in men. Thus the normalization process may create artificial differences in the normalized clearances between genders.


Bayesian statistical methods have recently been combined with conventional methods for fisheries stock assessment (e.g. catch-age analysis) to provide a conceptually elegant approach for providing fishery management advice under uncertainty. Uncertainties in the advice provided can be conveyed using posterior probability distributions (or "posteriors") for the potential outcomes of each policy option. Posteriors can be estimated using data (e.g. catch-age data and relative abundance indices) for the fish population of interest and prior probability distributions for population model parameters (e.g. stock-recruit function parameters) based on data from similar fish populations. Despite growing interest, Bayesian methods remain accessible to relatively few. To increase the accessibility of these methods, the conceptual basis for Bayesian statistical estimation is reviewed and set in the context of fisheries stock assessment. The use of Bayesian methods is illustrated by fitting a logistic model to relative abundance indices for Namibian hake (Merlucius capensis and M. paradoxus) and presenting a decision analysis of alternative harvest policy options. Some alternative approaches are outlined for constructing prior and posterior probability distributions and some recent applications in fisheries. Some of the problems that can be encountered while implementing Bayesian methods are also discussed.


Risk is defined as the effect of uncertainty. Uncertainty means deficiency of knowledge, information and resources. Risk adversely affects the project. Thus, focus is to identify factors that influence the smooth completion of a project. The study of Risk Management basically follows four steps namely – risk identification, risk assessment, risk response and risk monitoring. In order to find out the factors that influence the smooth completion of the project, a case study of a residential building was chosen in Bangalore, India. Risks were identified through the literatures of risk management, ISO records and opinions of experts of the project. As the factors are represented in qualitative terms, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used for risk assessment. The result of the study is listed, in which the percentage contribution of various factors to smooth completion is shown. The output helps the management of construction companies in identifying the type of risks which are most likely to occur, so that it can be mitigated in the future. This study shows that project manager related risk factors has the highest priority in affecting the completion of the project followed by resource and quality assurance factors.


Humic acid prevents significant loss of trace Hg(II) from aqueous solutions stored in commercial polyolefin containers, thus permitting their use for storing natural water samples prior to mercury determination. At a level of 50 mg/L, humic acid reduces losses from 1 ng/mL Hg(II) solutions over 15 days to less than 10%. Humic acid suppresses mercury loss better than do preservatives based on HNO/sub 3/ and oxidants, and it is simple to use. It is insensitive to pH between pH 3 and pH 9 and to levels of Ca, Mg, and Fe(III) above those found in most natural waters, and it is equally effective in commercial containers fabricated from a number of polyolefins. 8 figures, 3 tables.


OASIS format has begun to be accepted in the field of mask data processing gradually. Major EDA venders have announced their support of OASIS format and new versions of EDA tools which can handle with OASIS files have been shipped one by one. Still, there are great difficulties to convert all the data processing flow from old GDSII to new OASIS. One of the major issues is a problem of verification. Since all the tools have not been completely stable and reliable, there should be a method to verify whether the data is converted to OASIS without any problems. In addition to that, the integrity of the OASIS files itself have to be checked. In general, OASIS has two aspects for the mask industry. One is a role as a new replacement of GDSII. The other is OASIS.VSB, which is a unified format defined for the description of fractured EB data. SII NanoTechnology has been developing a new software package called SmartOASIS. SmartOASIS provides lots of practical functions to enable easy transition of data processing flow from conventional GDSII or EB formats to OASIS.


In this paper we study when Freudenthal extensions of proper maps preserve the (weak, semi) confluency. Also the extensions to the Alexandroff one-point compactificaton are considered.


I the House of Commons, November 17, 1920, Lord Halifax (then Hon. E. F. L. Wood) spoke of the " revolution in the system of land tenure in England which is going on, of course, before everyone's eyes at present." And again, on December 9, 1924, the same speaker said : " . . . Taking a view of British agriculture that is not confined to this year or to next year, there is something like a silent revolution in progress within its borders. We are, unless I mistake, witnessing in England the gradual disappearance of the old landowning class." It is much to be regretted that no systematic survey of the ownership of land in this country has been undertaken since the celebrated New Domesday Book of 1873. It is only by such means that the question which the then Minister of Agriculture raised can be answered. Much valuable information could also be obtained from the statistics of land sales in each year; again it is to be regretted that no official steps are taken to record these details. The available official statistics (see below) are extraordinarily meagre, and because of this it has been thought worth while to publish the accompanying figures.^ An investigation into the County of Bedfordshire has been made and the position revealed is contrasted with that shown in the Govemment Return of 1873 ^^ that county. The figures refer to properties, not holdings, and only estates over IOO acres have been included.


In the vertebrate central nervous system, dopamine is a neurotransmitter, acting as a modulator of variety of neuronal functions, including cognition, emotion, locomotor activity, hunger and satiety, and endocrine system regulation. Dopamine receptors are composed of D 1 , D 2 , D 3 , D 4 and D 5 receptors, which are classified into two major subtypes, D 1 -like (D 1 and D 5 ) and D 2 -like (D 2 , D 3 and D 4 ) dopamine receptors. D 1 -like receptors stimulate adenylyl cyclase  (AC) activity, whereas D 2 -like receptors inhibit AC activity and these receptors modulate many signaling pathways in dopaminergic synapses. Previous studies showed that post-translational protein phosphorylation and palmitoylation of mammalian D 1 receptors regulate functional properties, stability, cellular localization and membrane trafficking of the receptors. Here, I further focus on conservation of phosphorylation and palmitoylation sites found in vertebrate and invertebrate D 1 -like receptor homologs. Analysis of databases provides evidence to suggest that PKA- and GRKs-catalyzed phosphorylation sites of D 1 -like receptors have been completely conserved in the vertebrate lineage, in spite of the divergence of D 1 -like receptors full-length amino acid sequences during molecular evolution. These intracellular phosphorylated serine and threonine residues of D 1 -like receptors are evolutionarily conserved against mutation pressure throughout vertebrate species with a couple of exceptions. Furthermore, a PKC-mediated phosphorylation site of D 1 -like receptors is conserved in gnathostomes (jawed vertebrates) and not exist in agnathans (jawless vertebrates). Another phosphorylation site for PKC has been additionally acquired only in mammalian D 1 receptor orthologs. These findings suggest that the multiple kinases-dependent regulation of dopaminergic synapses by phosphorylation is so critical for complex vertebrate higher brain function.  Namely, dynamic regulation of dopaminergic synapses made possible by reversible phosphorylation of D1-like receptors may ensure the specific refined functions of vertebrate nervous systems. In contrast, broadly conserved palmitoylation sites in both vertebrate and invertebrate D 1 -like receptor homologs indicate that palmitoylated cysteines play crucial roles for sustaining the structural and functional regulations of D 1 -like receptors.


Teacher's Professional Growth Force(TPGF),a primary cause of teacher's professional growth,is comprised of internal dynamism,learning ability,implementation capacity and some other ingredients.Its formation needs people to carry on a longterm of unremitting effort.Therefore,news approaches like life cultivation,long - term cultivation and inner quality cultivation should be adopted in the cultivation of TPGF.To improve TPGF,people should base on everyday life in education,focus on daily details,culture transformation and caring all the way and highlight inner qualities like personal spirit,core professional competence and teaching styles.


Modeling, optimization, and the realization of an electroosmotically driven chemical microsynthesis system for Wittig reactions are presented. Essential for good functioning of the chemical liquid reaction system is controllability of the supplied chemicals, independently of the reservoir heights. System analysis turned out to be crucial for designing new improved chips. In the article the main aspects of development are discussed.


Endoscopic ultrasound-guided hepaticogastrostomy (EUS-HGS) using a self-expandable metal stent (SEMS) has been reported to be feasible for failed biliary drainage [1,2]. However, how to exchange a SEMS after EUS-HGS remains to be established. An 80-year-old man with acute cholangitis was referred to our institution. He had a previously placed transpapillary SEMS for ampullary carcinoma. Endoscopic drainage failed because of duodenal obstruction. The patient then underwent EUS-HGS using an 8-cm-long SEMS (fully covered Wallflex; Boston Scientific, Tokyo, Japan). Nine days later, endoscopy revealed that the SEMS had become buried in the gastric wall, so a 6-cm-long SEMS (partially covered Wallflex; Boston Scientific) was additionally placed to prevent complete migration. Seven days after the addition of the second SEMS, an X-ray revealed the SEMS to be distally dislocated toward the stomach. We planned a SEMS exchange. First, two guide wires were inserted through the SEMS and the papilla into the duodenum, followed by insertion of an endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) tube over one of the guide wires using a therapeutic duodenoscope. Next, the retrieval ring of the second-placed SEMS was grasped using a biopsy forceps (●" Fig.1) and the SEMS retrieved along the guide wire together with the duodenoscope, keeping the guide wire and ENBD tube in place (●" Fig.2). As a third step, the duodenoscope was advanced again over the guide wire and the first-placed SEMS was removed in a similar way (●" Fig.3). Finally, a 12-cm-long, partially covered SEMS with an uncovered proximal end and a flared distal end, specially designed for use in EUS-HGS (Supremo; Taewoong Medical, Seoul, Korea), was placed (●" Fig.4,●" Video1). Simple SEMS exchange after EUS-HGS, like transpapillary SEMS [3], is not recom-


We consider roots of polynomials in fields of generalized power series. Newton [6] and Puiseux [7], [8] showed that if K is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0, then the field K{{t}} of Puiseux series over K is algebraically closed. Maclane [5] showed that if K is an algebraically closed field of characteristic 0 and G is a divisible ordered Abelian group, then the Hahn field K((G)) is algebraically closed. Our goal is to measure the complexity of the roots and the root-taking process in these fields. For a polynomial over K{{t}}, the roots are computable in K and the coefficients. In fact, knowing that a polynomial is non-constant, and given K and the coefficients, we can apply a uniform effective procedure to find a root. Puiseux series have length at most ω. Hahn series may be longer, and the complexity of the roots goes up with the length. In [3] and [4], there are results bounding the lengths of roots of a polynomial over K((G)) in terms of the lengths of the coefficients. Using these results, we show that the generalized Newton-Puiseux Theorem holds in any admissible set. We set bounds on the complexity of initial segments of a root. The bounds are sharp for initial segments of length less than ω + ω.


A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Is God Dying?" by Michael Shermer in the December 2013 issue, which includes a response from Shermer.


We describe here two approaches to model the quantum effects that can no more be neglected in actual and future devices. These models are the Schrodinger-Poisson and Density-Gradient methods fully integrated in the device simulator ATLAS. Simulations based on such methods are compared to each other on electron concentration and C-V curves in a MOS-capacitor.


AbstractAn immobilized-cell process followed by activated carbon adsorption was developed to treat the tetra-methyl ammonium hydroxide (TMAH) containing low-strength electronic wastewater. The isolated TMAH-degrading bacterium (Mycobacterium sp. TMAH-W0418) and activated sludge were entrapped in polyethylene glycol cubes. The packing rate of 60% (v/v), biomass ratio between Mycobacterium and activated sludge of 2:3 (w/w), and total biomass of 7,000 mg/L were found to be optimal for removing dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and TMAH with the concentrations around 1 and 0.2 mg/L, respectively. Granular activated carbon was used to further decrease the DOC and TMAH in the effluent, and the concentrations of DOC and TMAH in the effluent of the combined system were below 1 mg/L and almost 0 mg/L, respectively. Scanning electron microscope results confirmed that cells were effectively immobilized in the polymer matrix. Thick biofilm on the surface of both polymer carriers and activated carbon granules was observe...


Research into mental health and employment has focused largely on people who are unemployed. This paper reports the experiences of 20 clients of employment support agencies who had succeeded in returning to work. A number of barriers to getting back to work were identified, but receiving employment support could enable people to overcome them. There was consistency with previous studies of factors associated with high and low levels of job satisfaction. Even those participants who were less satisfied with their jobs identified benefits and none described any negative effects. The quality of the employment support provided was important, including advice and counselling during the job search, enabling informed choice about disclosure and support in work. Job retention targets are required for funding programmes in addition to placement targets. Further research into the timing and processes of disclosure and into occupational health screening processes would be helpful.


In this report I describe current progress on a paraxial, scalar-field theory suitable for simulating what is measured in Photonic Doppler Velocimetry (PDV) experiments in three dimensions. I have introduced a number of approximations in this work in order to bring the total computation time for one experiment down to around 20 hours. My goals were: to develop an approximate method of calculating the peak frequency in a spectral sideband at an instant of time based on an optical diffraction theory for a moving target, to compare the 'measured' velocity to the 'input' velocity to gain insights into how and to what precision PDV measures the component of the mass velocity along the optical axis, and to investigate the effects of small amounts of roughness on the measured velocity. This report illustrates the progress I have made in describing how to perform such calculations with a full three dimensional picture including tilted target, tilted mass velocity (not necessarily in the same direction), and small amounts of surface roughness. With the method established for a calculation at one instant of time, measured velocities can be simulated for a sequence of times, similar to the process of sampling velocities in experiments. Improvementsmore » in these methods are certainly possible at hugely increased computational cost. I am hopeful that readers appreciate the insights possible at the current level of approximation.« less


What does it mean to be a man? How do men see themselves in relation to other men, to women, and to both the feminine and the masculine aspects of their own selves? In this fascinating book, a group of outstanding psychoanalysts explore the complexities and ambiguities of masculinity, offering us fresh insights into men's fantasies and conflicts; their developmental tasks, including their role as fathers; and the ways in which men are reacting to changing sexual standards and models.


Preface List of Abbreviations An Overview of Accounting Information Systems Cornerstones of Accounting Information Systems Organizations with a Dominant Flow of Goods Organizations without a Dominant Flow of Goods Contingency Approaches to Accounting Information Systems Information and Communication Technology and Related Administrative Concepts The Dynamics of Internal Control and ICT Bridging the Gap between Internal Control and Management Control The Integrative Role of the Accounting Information System in Managing Contemporary Organizations Communications of Accounting Information Systems. Appendix: Further Case Studies Bibliography Glossary Index.


Phospholipids extracted from a microorganism — the basidiomycete Polystictus versicolor — form liquid-crystalline structures in water. After fixation by osmium tetroxide at known water contents and temperatures between +4 and +38 °C, ultrathin sections of embedded material were examined electron microscopically. As a result, part of the phase diagram was established and corresponding phases were characterized by their structural parameters at different conditions. Phases show micellar, lamellar, and hexagonal structures, respectively. Parameters of the lamellar phase were compared with the width of different types of membranes present in the intact organism. The results are not contradictorily to a far-reaching bimolecular arrangement of lipids in membranes (unit membrane concept) and furthermore support the role of lipid association behaviour for cross-sectional membrane patterns.


A 22-year-old man presented to the emergency room complaining of haemoptysis, shortness of breath and bilateral lower extremity cellulitis. He was found to have pneumonia and leucocytosis with circulating blast cells. A bone marrow aspirate and trephine biopsy showed acute myeloid leukaemia with maturation; blast cells were 30% (Top). The blasts were predominantly intermediate in size with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio, and were positive for CD7 (dim), CD13, CD33, CD117, CD34, HLA-DR and myeloperoxidase (subset). The karyotype was 46,XY,t(3;13)(q27;q14)[1]/45,XY,t (3;13)(q27;q14),-7[19]. He was treated with daunorubicin, cytarabine, tioguanine, etoposide and dexamethasone, and achieved complete remission. Eight months from initial diagnosis, he suffered relapse. The leukaemic cells showed the features of monoblasts and promonocytes (bottom). The peripheral blood film also showed occasional myelocytes and promyelocytes with mild eosinophilia but no basophilia. The karyotype was now 45,XY,t(3;13)(q27;q14),-7[3]/45,XY,t (3;13)(q27;q14),-7,t(9;22)(q34;q11.2)[14]/46,XY[3]. Fluorescence in situ hybridization was positive for BCR-ABL1 rearrangement. Molecular studies showed an e1a2 BCR-ABL1 transcript and NRAS G12D mutation. He was started on clofarabine and cytarabine but unfortunately died 2 weeks later with Gram-negative sepsis. The appearance of a Philadelphia chromosome during disease evolution is rare. When it emerges, it is of clinical importance because it provides a therapeutic target for tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The e1a2 transcript encodes the p190 BCR-ABL1 protein associated with both B-lymphoblastic leukaemia and monocytic morphology.


Background: Parenting a child with cleft disorder required special attention, because this is related to the psychological condition of the mother. Mother's psychological problems can affect the growth and development of children. The purpose of this study was to analyze psychological of mothers with cleft children.
Method: The research method used in this research is descriptive analytic method with purposive sampling approach. Methods of data collection using a questionnaire to measure parenting stress, the short form parenting stress index (PSI) had adopted from Adibin has been tested for validity and reliability. The number of samples in this study were 150 mothers with cleft lip, palatal and cleft lip/palatal children.Statistic analysis with ANOVA test and Spearman test
Result: The results of this study indicate that there are differences in the stress levels of mothers of cleft children between cleft lips (CL), cleft palate (CP) and cleft lips and palate (CL/P) non syndromic (NS). The significance value is 0.000 (p


The digital economy is characterized by so-called infinite shelf space, zero marginal cost, increasing returns, and friction-free transactions. These and other factors have made crypto currencies an attractive alternative to fiat currency. This essay focuses on the larger implications of cryptocurrency and its role in the economy of the digital economy. While cryptocurrencies appear to be ideal for the digital era, they also have some serious limitations such as vulnerabilities to selfish mining and lack of consumer protections.


This dataset provides raw data of chemical analyses made during studies on seasonal variations of some major ions in the stream water of the catchment of Lake Windermere in Cumbria. Measurements of sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, chloride ions and pH were taken at 37 stations in the catchment between 1975 and 1978.


A beginning-level graduate survey course in integated optics taught in the School of Electrical Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, is described. The goal of this course is to provide students with a broad elementary knowledge of guided wave optics, devices, and systems.


It's been said that all business-to-business sales are motivated by either fear or greed. Traditionally, security products and services have been a fear sell: fear of burglars, murderers, kidnappers, and, more recently, hackers. Despite the computer security industry's repeated attempts to position itself as a greed sell - "better managing your risks will make your company more profitable" - fear remains the primary motivator.


Constitutional Court's authority under Article 24C section (1) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia in terms of review the legislation only to review the legislation against the Constitution. However, the decision No. 85/PUU-XI/2013 on Review of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources, the Constitutional Court declared some of the implementing regulations of these laws do not fulfill the basic principles of water resources management restrictions. So it will be seen how the legal consequences of the Constitutional Court Number 85/PUU-XI/2013 and how to apply the power of the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources. Whereas under Article 57 of Law of the Constitutional Court stated that the ruling of the Constitutional Court stated that the substance of sections, articles and/or parts of laws contrary to the constitution. So that the implementing regulations of Law Number 7 of 2004 on Water Resources remains in effect throughout has been no decision or rule that states no longer valid. To avoid government regulation promulgated after the Constitutional Court ruling to overturn legislation that became the legal basis for the government to promulgate regulations, to be made the rule that when the Constitutional Court to investigate and adjudicate a law, then the process of formation of the implementing regulations on enactment legislation being tested is to be suspended until there is a decision of the Constitutional Court.


50 mg/day, the angioedema cleared within 3 days. The symptoms of the transient ischemic attack cleared within 1 day, leaving only a residual minimal mimic paresis of the facial nerve (slight hanging of the right mouth angle) for about a week. As antihypertensive treatment, a calcium antagonist was given instead of losartan. No relapse of the angioedema had occurred within 4 months of follow-up. Because of the risk, no attempt of re-exposure to losartan was made. There was no hint of an atopic disposition. No nonsteroidal antiphlogistic drugs had been taken. C1-esterase inhibitor (amount and function), C3, and C4 were normal. As no other cause could be identi®ed, losartan was probably the cause of the angioedema. Angioedema has been found to be due both to conventional angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (1) and, in some cases, to angiotensin II receptor antagonists (2, 3). Recently, increased plasma bradykinin concentrations have been measured during episodes of angioedema caused by an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, supporting the hypothesis that the wellknown interference with the bradykinin system is part of the underlying pathogenetic mechanism in these adverse drug reactions (4). However, angiotensin II receptor antagonists do not interfere with the kallikrein-kinin system (5); therefore, these ®ndings cannot be applied to losartan. Until now, the pathogenetic mechanism of angioedema due to losartan has remained unclear. Cerebral manifestations and transient ischemic attacks have been reported in association with angioedema of unknown cause (6) or angioedema caused by C1-esterase inhibitor de®ciency (7). To our knowledge, this case is the ®rst described case of angioedema due to an angiotensin II receptor antagonist associated with a transient ischemic attack.


This chapter explains the puzzling 2013 agreement of the UN Group of Governmental Experts (GGE) on cybersecurity that existing international law applies to state military use of information and communication technologies (ICTs), and the 2015 GGE report that extended the consensus reached in 2013. These important developments in the emergence of rules and norms for cyberspace took place despite deteriorating relations between the United States and Russia. They also took place despite increasing global contention over Internet governance and cybersecurity issues more broadly, and occurred with less controversy than related (but lower-priority) Internet governance issues. The chapter argues that the 2013 and 2015 GGE reports were reached in large part as a result of a conscious process of rule-making and interpretation structured by agreed-upon secondary rules, and that the timing of the agreements reflected emerging consensus among participants despite remaining divergence on substantive preferences about governance arrangements for cyberspace.


Objective To study an accurate algorithm for automatic image segmentation in urine sediment examination.Methods The Mumford-Shah model and level set method were integrated and used to segment the urine sediment image.The algorithm was evaluated by simulation and real data experiment with the improved version of Zhang's criterion.Results The Mumford-Shah model based Level Set algorithm could eliminate the over-segment produced by the Level Set,and always had a lowest as compared with the other three algorithms,such as expectation maximization(EM),region grow and watershed.Timing results showed that the narrow band Level Set algorithm had a highest computational expense(1.8×104 s)while the Mumford-Shah model based Level Set algorithm was much faster(5.42 s).Conclusion The Mumford-Shah model based Level Set algorithm can achieve urine sediment examinations accurately with both fast speed and strong robustness to the noise.


Objective To evaluate the significance of low field magnetic resonance water imaging combined with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) in diagnosis of biliary and urinary system diseases.Methods The data of 31 cases with clinical suspicion of biliary tract and urinary system diseases examined with low-field(0.2 T) magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP),magnetic resonance urography(MRU) and conventional MRI images were retrospectively analyzed.Results The accuracy of low field MRCP,MRU combined with MRI in detecting the localization of biliary and urinary system diseases was 100%.The accuracy for determining the causes of biliary and urinary system diseases was 96.5%.Conclusion Low field MRCP or MRU combined with MRI is an effective and accurate technique for diagnosis of biliary and urinary system diseases.


A typical application of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) is surveillance of distant targets, where data collected by its sensors need to be transmitted back to a ground terminal (GT) for further processing in a timely manner. Due to the limited battery capability of the UAV, the sensed data could be preprocessed in a UAV to reduce the amount of data transmitted, which could potentially reduce the average power consumption at the UAV, especially when the transmission link quality is poor. In this paper, a probabilistic approach is adopted to schedule the transmission and computing of the data tasks based on the UAV and GT's buffer states. The joint transmission and computing problem can be modeled as a four-dimensional Markov chain, based on which the average delay of each task and the average power consumption at the UAV can be obtained. Our design goal is to minimize the average power consumption under the delay constraints. To do that, a delay-constrained power minimization problem is solved by an proposed method to obtain the power-optimal joint transmission and computation scheduling (JTCS) policy efficiently. Finally, the optimization results are validated with extensive simulations.


We describe improved designs for "negative curvature" hollow core anti-resonant fibers. Numerical simulations show that introducing additional silica rings into the cladding results in a major reduction in the fiber leakage losses, for realizable fiber structures.


The problem of a swirling flow behavior in a cylindrical channel is considered. Flow fields with recirculation zones formation are analyzed on the basis of the Navier-Stokes equations. Two cases of the transport process for solid particles of different sizes with deposition on the channel lateral surface are studied (passive impurities are assumed). In the first case, the particles are injected into the peripheral part of the channel together with the swirling flow; in the second case, this process is performed through an annular slot without swirling. Numerical results are compared with asymptotic solutions and experimental data.


. Aim. Study and comparison of the modern methods of wound healing in ear surgery. Suggestion of the personal method of cavity epithelization obtained in the course of canal wall down mastoidectomy. Material and methods. The article highlights the problem of wound healing in ear surgery as well as the ways to resolve it. The of 88 patients. The results of cavity epithelialization were evaluated by ear microscopy («OPMI Sensera» microscope). Results and discussion. Complete epithelialization of post-operative cavity obtained during mastoidectomy was achieved in all cases. Conclusion. The problem of wound healing in ear surgery is still relevant. The abundance of wound healing problem solution proposals in ear surgery confirms the lack of effectiveness of each. Epidermal growth factor can be used for post-operative cavity epithelization in patients undergoing canal wall down mastoidectomy.


The work marked the problemы of reliable and uninterrupted operation of the pipelines, their behavior under the influence of operational loads in water-saturated soils. Affected some aspects of the theory of water-saturated grounds. This theory takes into account the interaction of the solid and liquid phases in porous elastic saturated liquid two-phase medium. On the degree of connectivity between the solid and liquid phases of the soil are considered the limiting cases of water-saturated environment. Medium "without regard" is the first limit case, in which the fluid circulates freely between the grains of the solid phase (slightly wet sands, sandstones). Option "perfect bond" is the second limiting case, is that the liquid can circulate in closed pores (clay) and is squeezed out of them under the action of internal stresses. When the pipeline buried in water saturated sand (riverbed, seabed), in such a situation, the soil surrounding the pipeline may become liquid under the effect of seismic vibrations. In this case, the possible displacement of the pipeline in the horizontal direction from the action of masses of soil and under the action of the buoyancy force of his ascent, especially when the pipeline operates at a compressive load. The compressive force in the pipeline also occurs as a result of thermal exposure of product to be conveyed and restrictions along the pipeline against longitudinal expansion. Derived formulas intended for finding necessary criteria for reliable operation of the pipeline. The magnitude of the stresses in the pipeline depends on the width of the water-saturated zone.


In the search for 'the good life,' moving to warmer destinations is a growing trend among affluent individuals from the northern parts of Europe and North America. Induced by quality-of-life drivers, property acquisition is an integral part of this search. Property acquisition behavior has earlier been conceptualized in various models of consumer behavior; however, these models are not sophisticated enough to explain the multiple drivers and complexity of lifestyle- and leisure-led acquisitions, especially if they are international in scope. In this paper, the process of recreational property acquisition is explored, based on thematic analysis of in-depth interviews with Swedes in Malta. Acquisition is found to be influenced by both internal drivers and motives, and external factors that are highly contextualized. This study explains the importance of the contextual frameworks and external influences on decision-making, and conceptualizes the process of international recreational property acquisition.


Decision cues are important components of situation assessment. The identification of seemingly critical cues has proven beneficial to training initiatives in a number of domains (e.g., fire-fighting, aviation, nursing, criminal investigation). Similarly, it is proposed that a critical cue inventory may augment training opportunities in the mental health domain (e.g., developing high-fidelity virtual patients). To date, there has been no formal identification of the cues engaged by Mental Health Practitioners (MHP). This study used the Critical Decision Method to decompose the initial stages of psychological assessment, and elucidate the cues engaged by practicing MHPs. Further, it examined MHPs' perceptions of diagnosticity (i.e., predictive value) and frequency of use, to identify those cues most critical to assessment. The results reveal that MHPs engage an array of cues, and an inventory of critical cues is presented. Findings may be used to inform training and decision support initiatives in clinical skill acquisition.


We explore the effects of pace of an endless runner game on user performance, preference, enjoyment, and engagement in stationary and mobile settings (while walking). Results revealed that game pace affects performance in both settings. The number of attempts increases and the total score decreases exponentially with increasing pace. Enjoyment, engagement, and preference are unaffected, yet most users prefer a slower pace while walking. These findings encourage further research on how to manipulate game pace based on the player's mobility status and physiological state to improve the mobile gaming experience.


[Objective]To investigate the present condition of Behavioral problems of the pupils in the minority areas,and to provide evidence for further taking intervention measures.[Methods]1140 pupils were selected by cluster sampling and investigated with Rutter's child behavioral questionnaire(parents version)and self-edited influential factors checklist.The return rate of questionnaires was 97.8%.[Results]The detection rate of behavioral problems was 18.9%.And the detection rates for A behavior,N behavior and M behavior were 5.18%,8.68% and 5.00%,respectively.The factors influenced the behavior of pupils including gender,age,health status,single child,education level of parents,feeding patterns of infancy,education mode for the children,relationship with caregivers,marriage structure,the harmonious degree of parents,economic status of family,etc(P﹤0.05 or P﹤0.01).[Conclusion]The incidence of behavior problems for pupils in Qiannan region is significantly higher than that reported by other regions in China during recent several years.N behavior is the common in pupils.The behavioral problems of pupils in poverty-striken minority areas have become urgent unsolved public heatlh problems.


Background We previously demonstrated (Visani et al, Blood 2011) the safety of a new conditioning regimen with bendamustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BeEAM) prior to autologous stem cell transplant (ASCT) in resistant/relapsed lymphoma patients (EUDRACTnumber2008-002736-15). Furthermore, this regimen showed significant anti-lymphoma activity (80% CR). At the time of publication (2011), disease type (NHL versus HL) and disease status at transplant (chemosensitive versus chemoresistant) were the only statistically significant variables influencing PFS (p=0.01; p=0.007). However, median follow-up for surviving patients was short (18 months), therefore, it was not possible to draw final conclusions on the efficacy. Aims We evaluated the efficacy of the BeEAM regimen in terms of disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS) after a median follow-up of 41 months. Methods Forty-three patients (median age 47 years, range 18-70) with resistant/relapsed NHL (28) or Hodgkin lymphoma (HL, 15) were consecutively enrolled in the study. Twenty-one patients had primary refractory disease, whereas 22 had relapsed disease, 5 of whom where in second or subsequent relapse, at the time of enrolment. The study was designed according to Fleming's method. The primary objective of the study was to determine the 36-months event free survival rate. We fixed the lowest acceptable rate as 40% and the successful rate as 60%, with a significance level a=0.05 and a power 1-b =0.80. At the time of publication, the median follow-up was 18 months, and therefore it was not possible to establish if we had met the primary end-point of the study. Results we updated the follow-up at 41 months after transplant. Thirty-one out of 43 patients are still in CR (72%), as documented by both PET and CT scan. Two patients with HL were refractory and rapidly died, whereas 10/43 patients (23%) relapsed after a median time of 7.5 months (range:3-23) from transplant. Five patients died (3 NHL, 2 HL), whereas 5 patients are still alive after relapse. Median PFS and OS were still not reached. Conversely, 3-year PFS was 75%, allowing our study to met its primary end-point. Interestingly, disease type (HL versus NHL) at transplant is no longer influencing PFS (p=0.7), and still does not influence OS (p=0.1). On the other hand, disease status at transplant (chemosensitive vs chemoresistant) is still a strong predictor of both PFS and OS (p=0.03 and p=0.009, respectively). At present, one patient developed myelodisplasia after transplant. No other late effects were observed up to now. Conclusions The new BeEAM regimen met the primary end-point of the study and confirms its safety, after 41 months of follow-up. Interestingly, NHL and HL were not statistically different in terms of both PFS and OS at 41 months of observation. These data confirm the high efficacy of this regimen in heavily pretreated non-Hodgkin, as well as Hodgkin lymphoma. Acknowledgements supported in part by AIL Pesaro Onlus. Disclosures: Ocio: Onyx: Consultancy, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy; Array Biopharma: Consultancy, Research Funding; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy; Celgene: Consultancy, Research Funding.


This research study seeks to develop a heuristic model, called 4Ps and 1L, for customer loyalty to virtual bookstores. The 4Ps represent one of the most traditional marketing concepts and the L relates to Customer Loyalty. In developing this model the aim is to see how each marketing P influences customer loyalty, thus identifying the factors critical to the success of virtual bookstores retaining customer loyalty. Key-Words: Customer Loyalty, Virtual Bookstores, Retention, Electronic Commerce, e-Marketing, Information Technology, Trust, Internet, Web.


In this paper, we present results for the vulnerability analysis of a power network to stochastic link failure attacks. We assume a network links are subjected to attacks where the link-based attack is modeled as stochastic perturbation to link weight. The objective is to determine which links in the network can tolerate the least amount of stochastic perturbation to maintain stochastic stability of a power network. We develop a system theoretical-based, analytical, and computation framework that allows us to rank links in the order of their critical importance to maintain stochastic stability of the network. The computational approach relies on solving a Linear Matrix Inequality (LMI). The developed framework is applied to a structure preserving model of the power network. The structure preserving model allows for the representation of original network topology, thereby identifying critical links connecting generators and load buses. Simulations are performed on IEEE 14 bus system to demonstrate the application of the developed framework.


Background: Pathological grade is a useful prognostic factor for stratifying breast cancer patients into favorable (well-differentiated tumors) and less favorable (poorly-differentiated tumors) outcome groups. The current system of tumor grading, however, is highly subjective and a large proportion of tumors are characterized as intermediate-grade, making determination of optimal treatments difficult. Methods : Primary breast tumor specimens from patients diagnosed with well- (n=27) and poorly-differentiated (n=51) invasive ductal carcinoma were obtained from patients enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project. Frozen tissues were sectioned and mounted on gold coated MALDI target plates for protein expression profiling. Hematoxylin and eosin (HE69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6126.


This paper draws from experience with an experimental domiciliary injectable program initiated by the MCH-FP Extension project a collaborative venture of the Ministry of Health and Population Control and the International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research. The projects major objective is to test the transferability of innovations found successful in special projects to the service system of the government health and family planning program. Injectables in general have been found very acceptable by eligible women in Bangladesh. Injectable contraceptives can be a safe effective and popular modality if carefully administered. This paper identifies major operational barriers encountered by government field workers (FWAs) in their household canvassing approach to delivering injectables and strategies empirically tested to overcome these problems. Among the problems is an inadequate and irregular supply of injectables. The lag time between ordering and receipt of supply is long and inconsistent. Also due to the need to draw supplies from a variety of sources the process of preparing for an switching from are to the other has been practiced. However no research has been reported on the effects of such switching. The 2 injectables also have different regimens; FWAs must be well trained to distinguish between them and administer each at the appropriate time. Finally the supply of needles and syringes is inadequate. Other problems faced by FWAs are related to issues of supervision and medical back-up to manage any side effects and complications. Similarly follow up and maintaining subsequent doses on schedule have implications for the FWAs workcycle. Home injection programs require regular visits by FWAs; however there is no back-up system for the FWA if she is on leave. The target and compensation scheme for other methods detract from worker interest in injectables. Poor record keeping and inadequate training for injectables are additonal problems. Some of these operational problems have been resolved through strategies worked out by a joint implementation committee and recommendations derived from this experiment are offered.


This paper examines the complete trading records of all day traders in Finland. A typical day trader is a male in his late 30s, who lives in the metropolitan area and trades in larger quantities than an investor in a size-matched control group even after ignoring day trades. These traders day-trade stocks that grab their attention, that they own, or that they have day-traded before. They pay close attention to the state of the limit order book, are very active near the end of the trading session, and are strongly deterred by losses. Day traders do not earn better returns than investors in the control group. Their realized returns from day trades are high, but these returns are not representative of overall performance because of their strong reluctance to realize losses.


It is always a good idea to start with a text. Where better for a lawyer to find his than in a speech by Lord Wilberforce. During the debate on the Bill which became the Law Commissions Act 1965, the Act which established the two Law Commissions in London and Edinburgh as full time law reform agencies, Lord Wilberforce said: 'law reform is much too serious a matter to be entrusted to lawyers'. What I should like to try to do in this paper is to give some consideration to the role of lawyer and layman (especially legislators) in the process of reforming our law. By 'reform' I mean improvement of the law. Mere change should not be confused with useful reform.


The debate on the structure of clinical education and the steps through which trainees should advance to gain experience continues. Clinical education in medical school has been accomplished through preceptorships and inpatient experiences. Students start their early clinical learning by shadowing and observing, and progress to roles of increased responsibility in clerkship education and sub-internships. Along this continuum, student-run clinics (SRCs) are a vital part of clinical education. They provide lessons to students in patient care(such as data gathering, procedures, and patient education) and systems-based care (such as in interprofessional care, access and continuity of care, team roles and responsibilities, and systems improvement). In this issue of Medical Education, Schutte et al. review the literature on SRCs by categorising the outcomes of existing studies based on Kirkpatrick's four-level (attitudes, knowledge/ skill, behaviour, patient care) model. Schutte et al. conclude that students enjoy participating in SRCs, that patients are satisfied with the quality of care provided, and that the quality of care is adequate. Clinical education in medical school has been accomplished through preceptorships and in-patient experiences


The objective of this work is to propose a new metric for listener envelopment (LEV), the sense of being immersed in a sound field. Current LEV metrics, for example, Late Lateral Energy Level (LJ), are based only the late sound field. However, recent studies indicate that the late component of the impulse response (IR) alone is inadequate for predicting LEV. For this study, room IR measurements were obtained with a 32-element spherical microphone array in a total of nine halls ranging from 400-2500 seats. A subset of these IRs were selected for a subjective listening test and processed for 3rd order Ambisonic reproduction over a 30-loudspeaker array. Two sets of modified IRs were also generated for the listening test by combining parts of IRs from different halls and by bandpass filtering to select certain frequency ranges, respectively. The ambisonic IRs were convolved with anechoic orchestral recordings and subjects rated the perceived LEV for each stimuli. The IRs were also analyzed objectively via pla...


To study the effect of changes in acid-base balance on respiratory patterns, 2-amino-2-hydroxymethyl-1,3-propanediol (THAM, an organic buffer) and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) were infused into midc...


A novel digital image watermarking scheme is proposed in this paper, which embeds a digital watermark into the DCT coefficients of the host image based on human visual system (HVS), and the locations of embedding watermark are saved as key. The proposed algorithm is able to extract the watermark without requiring the original image only through utilizing independent component analysis (ICA) and the preserved key. The experimental results show that the proposed method is robust against many attacks, such as JPEG compression, noise, rotation and cropping etc.


Purpose – As part of a study that aimed at enhancing the future roles and functions of building services (BS) engineers in Hong Kong, a survey was carried out to obtain demographic information about BS practitioners as well as their views and opinions on a range of issues which affect professional practices of BS engineers and recognition of their contributions by others. The purpose of this paper is to give a portrait of BS engineers in Hong Kong.Design/methodology/approach – A series of statistical analyses were conducted based on the responses given by the BS practitioners, which included their qualifications, experience, job field, annual income and the number of trades of BS systems that they are competent in and responsible for.Findings – The statistics show that: competence gap exists in that BS engineers are required to handle more trades of BS systems than those they are competent in; and the academic and professional qualifications, years of experience and job position are the key influential fa...


Moreover, the littoral patterns measured in Pasaia station have been compared to off shore patterns observed with the recently moored buoy off shore Donostia (from January 2007). The understanding of coastal particularities can be a key point for improving hydrodynamic modelling [4] [5]. In that context, the observing system will be implemented in 2008 with the addition of a high frequency radar system, which will provide information of current fi eld, with a resolution of 6 km.


Ukrainian fighters, on and off the front lines, are feeling the psychological impacts of war, report Alicia Chen and Mihir Melwani


A new method on radar signal polarization filtering using only single sample of signal is proposed. The algorithm is very simple and it is suitable for the filtering processing of a stationary or unstationary polarization signal. Some simulation results on radio disturbance suppression are given.


Nowadays, pollution has become a highly researched field, with an increasing emphasis on the protection of our environment and the use of renewable energy sources, all of which receive special attention in the field of transport, including freight transport. One of the basic objectives of the transport policy is to improve the quality of transport needs, to select the appropriate vehicles and to develop transport systems and infrastructure, with great emphasis on environmental protection. In the present research, we examine the driving distribution of road freight vehicles and the trends in the change of the vehicle fleet in the examined European Union countries. The aim is to provide estimates of the extent to which the replacement of countries' road transport vehicles with electric vehicles would contribute to changes in emissions. As a result, using ratios, carbon dioxide emissions from road freight transport could be reduced by thousands of kilotonnes in the near future.


Most of the problems that girls encounter are as a result of exploitative and oppressive laws, policies, cultural and religious practices, social-economic structures that undermine the human rights of girls and women. The empowerment of the girlchild in Kenya is the key to transformation from these experiences. In the recent past many organizations both government and non-government have come up with programmes that are tailored to give support to young girls and women towards economic, educational, social and political development. However though the empowerment campaign was necessary for the girl child, too much attention was given to her that resulted to the boy student feeling left out and indeed neglected. This study was conducted in Kiambu West District in Kenya, among boy students to explore their opinion on the girl child empowerment campaign. The study utilized the quantitative methodology with the descriptive survey design. The study was conducted in Kiambu West District which is made up of three Divisions. These are Lari, Limuru and Kikuyu Divisions. The District has nine Boys' Secondary Schools. The target population was form three and four boys' students in these schools. These were about three thousand five hundred in number. The researchers used cluster random sampling in each of the three divisions of Kiambu West District with the study population divided into two clusters; mixed schools and boys' only schools. The study had a sample size of two hundred and forty students. From each division and each cluster one school was selected, this was a total of six schools from which forty students were randomly selected using the class register. Questionnaires were utilized to gather information from the students. Data analysis was done through descriptive statistics such as frequency and percentages and later displayed using tables and bar graphs


We consider the integrable one-dimensional spin-1 chain defined by the Zamolodchikov–Fateev (ZF) Hamiltonian. The latter is parametrized, analogously to the XXZ spin-1/2 model, by a continuous anisotropy parameter and at the isotropic point coincides with the well-known spin-1 Babujian–Takhtajan Hamiltonian. Following a procedure recently developed for the XXZ model, we explicitly construct a continuous family of quasi-local conserved operators for the periodic spin-1 ZF chain. Our construction is valid for a dense set of commensurate values of the anisotropy parameter in the gapless regime where the isotropic point is excluded. Using the Mazur inequality, we show that, as for the XXZ model, these quasi-local charges are enough to prove that the high-temperature spin Drude weight is non-vanishing in the thermodynamic limit, thus establishing ballistic spin transport at high temperature.


A real time decision support system for optimal routing of vehicles carrying dangerous goods by balancing the associated economic costs and societal risks is described. Risks are calculated using the methodology of quantitative risk analysis. Dynamic path optimization algorithms are used for routing. Inputs to the system include the road network, population distribution data, real-time as well as statistical traffic data, historical accident data, road characteristics, vehicle and cargo status and weather information. Novel methods were developed for obtaining answers from the system in real time in spite of the complexity of the associated computations. For the covering abstract see ITRD E140665.


Objective: This study examines whether elementary school-aged children can report behaviors relevant to assessing symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Interviews were conducted with 120 children aged 6 to 12 years and their parents across 3 waves as part of a longitudinal cohort study of ADHD detection and service use. Child self-reports obtained through the Dimensions of Temperament Scale-Revised-Child (DOTS-R-C) were correlated with parent-reported ADHD symptoms, which were assessed through DSM-IV-based instrument ratings obtained concurrently and 5 years later. Results: The Dimensions of Temperament Scale-Revised-Child subscales Activity Level and Task Orientation demonstrate adequate internal consistency after eliminating items requiring reverse scoring. Children's self-reports of Task Orientation Problems correlate with their parents' concurrent reports of inattention, r(117) = .23, p < .05, and with parents' Wave 3 reports of inattention, r(118) = .25, p < .01 as well as hyperactivity, r(118) = .25, p < .01. Children's self-reports of Activity Level correlate with their parents' concurrent reports of hyperactivity, r(117) = .21, p < .05, as well as Wave 3 reports of hyperactivity/impulsivity, r(118) = .37, p < .001 and inattention, r(118) = .23, p < .05. Conclusions: Findings suggest that children may be capable of producing meaningful self-reports of Activity Level and Task Orientation. We propose that the development of child-friendly self-report instruments targeting ADHD symptoms is merited to facilitate the collection of child input during ADHD assessments.


This essay provides a perspective on the intellectual context of the late Gary Saxonhouse's first scholarly publication, which appeared in the Journal of Economic History in 1974, a study of the Japanese cotton spinning industry in the Meiji Period. For the remainder of Saxonhouse's illustrious career, "A Tale" served as scaffolding on which he built subsequent analyses and perspectives on Japan's early industrialization. Understanding Saxonhouse's intellectual inheritance enriches our understanding of this pioneering study and the making of an economic historian and, more broadly, a "Japan specialist" in the study of economic growth. The year 2014 marks the 40 anniversary of the publication of the late Gary R. Saxonhouse's article, "A Tale of Japanese Technological Diffusion in the Meiji Period," in that year's first issue of The Journal of Economic History (hereafter "A Tale" and JEH). "A Tale" was not only Saxonhouse's first article in the JEH but was also his first journal article in what became an illustrious career cut all-to-short in 2006. Yet as Saxonhouse noted early in "A Tale," he had two other publications in the works: a chapter, "Country Girls and the Japanese Cotton Spinning Industry," forthcoming in his mentor Hugh Patrick's edited volume, Japanese Industrialization and Its Social Consequences, and a third paper, in mimeo, "Productivity Change and Labor Absorption in Japanese Cotton Spinning, 1891-1935," that would appear in The Quarterly Journal of Economics in 1975. Saxonhouse would not publish another article in the JEH until his and Gavin Wright's "National Leadership and Competing Technological 48 Gary R. Saxonhouse, "A Tale of Japanese Technological Diffusion in the Meiji Period," Journal of Economic History 34 (1974): 149-165. 49 We are most grateful to Arlene Saxonhouse and Hugh Patrick for providing us with biographical and other information on Gary Saxonhouse's development as a Japan specialist. 50 Saxonhouse, "A Tale." Saxonhouse's second publication, "Economics of Postwar Fertility in Japan: Differentials and Trends: Comment," Journal of Political Economy, would also appear in 1974 but in the second issue, whereas "Tale of Diffusion" appeared in JEH's first issue of the year. The JPE piece was a four-page commentary on Masanori Hashimoto, "Economics of Postwar Fertility in Japan: Differentials and Trends." 82, 2 (1974): S170-S194. Saxonhouse died of leukemia at the age of sixty-three November 30, 2006. A short biographical sketch of Saxonhouse can be found at http://um2017.org/faculty- history/faculty/gary-saxonhouse/memoir. 51 Saxonhouse, "A Tale," fn. 4, p.150. In fact, Patrick's edited volume did not appear until 1976, and the title of Saxonhouse's contribution had changed to "Country Girls and Communication among Competitors in the Japanese Cotton-Spinning Industry." By this time his "mimeo" (a.k.a., a "working paper" that he circulated in mimeograph form) had already appeared in The Quarterly Journal of Economics—"Capital Accumulation, Labor Saving, and Labor Absorption Once More, Once More," 89, 2 (1975): 322-330.


The yield advantage (10%) in Beijing regional trials and yield potential of the inbred japonica rice variety Jingguang 651, developed from hybridization of two restoring lines, were near to that of the present japonica hybrid rice combinations with a similar growth duration. It was registered and released in Beijing in April, 2000. It has a good restoring ability to the existing commonly-used japonica CMS lines, so it could also be used as a restorer line and play an important role in breeding of early-medium japonica hybrid rice combinations with good quality and high yield. The major characteristics including agronomic characters, growth duration, grain quality and pest resistance were also related in this paper.


The article considers the possibility of using torque in the inertial-pulse automatic transmissions of a hydrodifferential rectifier, in the design of which hydraulic machines are used as free-wheel clutches. Unlike mechanical freewheel clutches, where the weakest of their links are the jamming bodies, in the proposed construction the jammed body is hydraulic fluid, which allows to eliminate the above-mentioned drawback and reduce wear. A kinematic scheme of inertial transmission with a hydrodifferential torque rectifier is given and the working process is described on three characteristic operating modes: stop, torque and direct transmission. Dependences for calculation of basic parameters of hydraulic clutches of a free wheel are given, and also theoretical and experimental results of researches of working capacity of the inertial hydrodifferential torque transformer are presented. An analysis of the results showed that with increasing internal leakage of the working fluid, which increase as a result of wear of the hydrodifferential torque rectifier, the power and torque on the shaft of the hydraulic machine will decrease, which in turn will decrease the efficiency of the hydrodifferential rectifier. The analysis of the results showed that at the beginning of operation the efficiency of the hydrodifferential rectifier is about 93% in the entire operating range. During operation, the efficiency of transmission decreases linearly and at a radial gap of 300 ÷ 350 μm is only 68 ÷ 63%. With further deterioration (radial clearance 350 ÷ 400 μm), the efficiency is practically not reduced. This indicates that the hydrodifferential rectifier of the torque has completely worn out and its replacement is required.


This paper reports the predominantly syndiotactic-specific polymerization of propylene in the presence of titanium monoamidinate/methylaluminoxane (MAO) catalysts. The same catalysts, depending on the reaction conditions, also promote either predominantly 1,4-cis or 1,4-trans polymerization of 1,3-butadiene and polymerization of styrene either to highly syndiotactic or to stereoirrgular polymer. Some preliminary information about the features of propylene polyinsertion is also reported


We verified that contemporary microprocessors follow a form of Rent's rule as applicable for functionally partitioned circuits and, hence, present far fewer pins than that predicted by the SIA. We have also suggested a correction scheme for application of Rent's rule to recent VLSI circuits that would yield the correct (slower) rate of increase in pin requirements of these circuits. Finally, the reasons for using such a large number of power and ground pins in current VLSI circuits have been elaborated in detail.


This paper is concerned with the bifurcation of limit cycles from the period annulus of a quadratic reversible system. The outer boundary of the period annulus contains a degenerate critical point. The exact upper bound of the number of limit cycles is given. Our result shows that the conjecture on the cyclicity of (r4) system is correct.


The influence of pure rare earth addition on the plasma nitriding response of low alloy steel was investigated. For this purpose, pure rare earth metals, La, Ce and Nd were put into the plasma nitriding furnace as a sputter source during nitriding of 722M24 steel. A variety of experimental and analytical techniques were employed to evaluate the structures and hardening response of the nitrided layers. These include metallography for structural examination, glow discharge spectrometry and secondary ion mass spectrometry for chemical composition profile analysis, X ray diffraction for phase identification and microhardness testing for hardness profile measurements. The results show that the incorporation of rare earth metals in the glow discharge during plasma nitriding not only influences the discharge characteristics but also results in the deposition of rare earth atoms and their compounds onto the specimen surface. These significantly affect the response of the investigated steel to plasma nitriding. The extent of influence on plasma nitriding varies with different rare earth metals.


amples of session plans and tasks that work well. Following these more general applications for second language (L2) learning, the book examines the case of teaching community languages and indigenous Celtic languages in blended contexts and points out the specific issues involved. This part serves to reinforce the concept of learner diversity, offering advice on effective planning and ways of achieving differentiated teaching. The final section of the book reiterates the changing role of the teacher and in particular that of the teacher developer in a context where blends are becoming increasingly complex. It offers an overview of key issues related to professional development for teachers to support blended learning such as skills and knowledge requirements, methods to encourage reflective practice, and the link between practice and research. Specifically, it stresses harnessing the blend of tools and resources that teachers use in their classes to facilitate cooperation, collaboration, and sharing of good practices among teachers. The book can appear elementary at times, exemplified by the fact that the authors merely touch on underlying theories but never explore them in any detail. Nevertheless, as an introductory text it offers solid and comprehensive coverage of the fundamental concepts of blended learning and provides a substantial list of references for readers who wish to pursue the concepts further as part of their own reflective practice. Its strength lies in its integration of real examples of blended learning in action and tried and tested ideas, methods, and tools. As such, it is an extremely accessible and valuable resource for teachers, which can be used across different contexts and countries.


Nowadays, fluorescence spectroscopy has been used as a potential method for nondestructive quality measurement of food materials. Fluorescence fingerprint (FF) of adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) has been observed during the quality assessment of different raw food materials. Although the fluorescence spectra of ATP can be affected by various factors including pH, the details are not clarified yet. Thus, the study attempts to demonstrate the effects of pH (5.0-8.0) on the FF data of ATP standard solutions (10, 5 and 1 μmol/mL for both frozen and non-frozen states). The results of the present study revealed that the strength of the fluorescence signal was influenced by not only the concentration of ATP but also by the pH of samples. The highest fluorescence intensities were observed from the non-frozen ATP solutions at pH 5.0 for each concentration which declined drastically with increasing pH. The majority of frozen ATP samples showed the similar trends of wavelength conditions to get highest fluorescence intensity. Small pH changes affected the intensity and spectral characteristics of FF and it even shifted the peak wavelength conditions. The implementation of this method would be a help to ensure the validity of FF and optimize it as a technique that can be used to verify the effects of pH on many constituents of food.


The present study was carried out for evaluating the inhibition effect of klutuk banana fruits extract against S. dysentery ATCC 13313 in vivo. The extraction of dried Klutuk banana fruits was prepared using a maceration method. The secondary metabolites of the extract were analyzed using standard method. The antibacterial activity was done using the bacterial induction method in male Mus musculus mice, followed by treatment with klutuk banana fruits ethanol extract. The results of the phytochemical analysis revealed varying constituents of these extracts, as follows: flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, quinones and saponins. Our results demonstrated that ethanol extracts of Klutuk banana fruits have active antibacterial activity by decreasing S. dysenteriae ATCC 13313 colony number.


To investigate for the first time the feasibility of aortic four‐dimensional (4D) flow at 7T, both contrast enhanced (CE) and non‐CE. To quantify the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) in aortic 4D flow as a function of field strength and CE with gadobenate dimeglumine (MultiHance).


The paper presents an approach for the simulating and predicting utter of complex congurations. One of the major diculties in direct numerical simulation is the extensive computational time required. A hybrid approach combining CFD and reduced-order model (ROM) on the other hand takes advantage of the accuracy of CFD-based computations and the eciency of a ROM model. In this work, the CFD-based aeroelastic computations involve a Cartesian-based Euler solver with embedded multi-grid sequencing for o w computations, using the small perturbation techniques to implement the unsteady boundary conditions on the stationary grid. The structural response of the system is computed using the mode superposition technique. Data communication between the non-matching uid and structure domains is performed using the Constant Volume Tetrahedron (CVT) interpolation method. For a given set of igh t conditions, the CFD solver is rst performed to compute the o w solutions for a prescribed input that are needed to construct the reducedorder model of the system. The ROM results are compared with the CFD-solver results. The prediction of utter boundary for the AGARD 445.6 wing is presented.