The ESSENCE platform is an electrochemical sensor system that utilizes non-planar porous microelectrode microfluidic chips with a fully programmable fluidic/sample system to be a "portable, automatic, rapid, sensitive, and selective" for different emerging contaminants and liquid biopsy. The system is designed with non-planar porous microelectrode interfaces, containing different functional capturing probes for specific sensing tasks. From our previous report, this 3D non-planar structure has advantages such as increased flow's convective fluxes and disrupts diffusive processes like the electric double layer (EDL). The porous electrode structure utilized the packing material's higher Zeta potential than the bare glass surface, resulting in the EDL length will be significantly smaller than the clear channel. Due to a smaller EDL length, the relaxation frequency will increase, which shifts the EIS signal to a higher frequency range (1kHz to 100MHz) and results in a fast response with a higher signal-to-noise ratio in Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) measurements. From the perspective of electric field penetration, the top-down electric direction covers all the packing sensing areas, providing a generally higher electronic signal response than the traditional planar electrode system, leading to a higher signal-to-noise ratio. A second feature from the perspective of microfluidics is the significant fluidic shear force generated due to flow through the porous electrode surface. This higher shear force on the surface can unbind most false-positive signals generated by non-specific binding, such as physical adhesive or biofouling. These unique benefits provide physical enhancements of sensitivity and selectivity without manipulating the chemical material in the system. Earlier we showed that our detection of the biomolecules like DNA (fM sensitivity, which can distinguish against a mismatched DNA), proteins (breast cancer biomarker p53, fM sensitivity, which can distinguish it against another breast cancer biomarker HER2), PFOS (Perfluorooctanesulfonate, 0.5 ng) under the traditional desktop Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analyzer in the total process of hourly. In this talk, we have further developed our previous ESSENCE platform to a modular, automatic, and portable, one-stop instrument for clinicians to screen for infectious diseases, liquid biopsy, and toxin detection to detect emerging pathogens while significantly reducing false positives and false negatives, but also decreasing our detecting process to 15 mins in much more hazard background conditions to meet the criteria of POC. Second, A small (15 cm x 17cm) USB programable fluidic/oscilloscope base with a 15 minutes total detecting protocol is applied to our ESSENCE system for a fast Point-of-care (POC) diagnostic. This portable ESSENCE platform can respond to the measurable EIS signals from the oscilloscope with 25 ul samples size (DNA and HER2 proteins in undiluted artificial Urine) with a fully automatic process at the uM to pM regions in 15 minutes. Each ESSENCE chip is also significantly cheaper than the ELISA; the chip costs about $20 (for an academic lab) and can be reused.

 Figure 1


Welcome and thank you for being here. We're certainly excited and grateful to Emory Law to be able to present. We want to open by sharing that this year marks the 10th anniversary of the Community & Economic Development Clinic ("the CED Clinic"), which Carmen directs, at the City University of New York (CUNY) School of Law. As we started to reflect on the ten years of the CED Clinic and about the theme of this conference, we realized that the timing of the Conference could not be better. We wholeheartedly believe that to teach is not only to learn twice but also to constantly deepen our own understanding and expand on our work and learning. Thus, improving the quality of our teaching, the quality of the student outcomes, and the quality of the representation of the client.


Now that I am embarked on this letter I find myself involved in the most curious dif~iculties. Memories that I have carried around (and taken for granted) since childhood suddenly seem more reticent, more withdrawn, than ever. And yet in that reticence paradoxically more active, with a deep inwardness to resist or scrutinize from their side any kind of facile portrait or summary on my side. There is a kind of melancholy humour at the heart of this resistance of memory which sustains a desire to yield something new to me now (which I could discuss with you), and yet by continuing its resistance wishes to impress on me how easy it would be for me to falsify it or betray it in a letter which could blissfully or naturally conform to a tranquil characterization of the past. Perhaps this complicated response and caution stems from the diverse character of memory and the feeling I now have very strongly that a large body of that heterogeneous character which affected our lives has


Radical cation 'fingerprinting' by ESR spectroscopy reveals that the radiolytic oxidation of endo-5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene 2 leads to the formation of the cis-bicyclo[4.3.0]nona-3,7-diene radical cation 3·+ by a [3,3]sigmatropic shift at 100–150 K, whereas the neutral Cope rearrangement from 2 to 3 only occurs at 400–440 K.


In low version pick up vehicles/trucks, due to absence of cabin ventilation system, there is no provision to defog the windshield in cold ambient conditions. The danger associated with a fogged windshield lies in the fact that the driver visibility gets affected increasing the risk of accidents. To address the issue, a methodology has to be worked out for proper cabin ventilation; without any major modification to the vehicle. A CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) simulation tool is used for finalizing distribution duct. Three scenarios validated through CFD and selected best possible distribution in which least flow resistance to carry fresh air from forced Ventilation unit and dispersing it onto the windscreen. Using CFD as a means to evaluate performance and prototype parts are manufacture for physical testing.


ogy. A survey conducted in 1987 identified and described the continuing education needs of advanced practice nurses in pediatric oncology (APNPO). Questionnaires were mailed to 152 API'IPOs, 120 were returned, and 92 (60.5%) were used in the study. These nurses had varied personal and professional backgrounds, but reported similar needs for continuing education. They preferred clinically relevant information, with emphasis on the most recent scientific developments. A similar survey was mailed to 50 APNPOs in 1995. Forty-four surveys (88%) were returned. These nurses, who also had varied personal and professional backgrounds, reported a preference for continuing education about patient management rather than the most recent scientific developments. Research approach: We used questionnaire surveys. Specific steps were used to perform the 1995 survey and to compare it with the 1987 survey:


The star RZ Psc is one of the most enigmatic members of the UX Ori star family. It shows all properties that are typical for these stars (the light variability, high linear polarization in deep minima, the blueing effect) except for one: it lacks any signatures of youth. With the lithium line 6708 u as a rough estimate for the stellar age, we show that the "lithium" age of RZ Psc lies between the age of stars in the Pleiades (∼70 Myr) and the Orion (∼10 Myr) clusters. We also roughly estimated the age of RZ Psc based on the proper motion of the star using the Tycho-2 catalog. We found that the star has escaped from its assumed birthplace near to the Galactic plane about 30-40 Myr ago. We conclude that RZ Psc is a post-UXOr star, and its sporadic eclipses are caused by material from the debris disk.


This paper presents a dual supply voltage strategy for reduction of the total (static and dynamic) power of high performance CMOS processors. By expressing CMOS delay, static power, and dynamic power in terms of the power supply voltage V/sub DD/ and threshold voltage V/sub T/, an optimization procedure that takes the circuit activity factor into account is performed to find the V/sub DD/ and V/sub T/ for minimum total power at given performance levels. It is shown that 50% power reduction or 20% performance enhancement can be attained by adopting both a low (0.5 V) supply voltage for high-activity circuits and a high (1.2 V) supply voltage for low-activity circuits in a 100 nm-node CMOS technology.


This paper proposes common directions of waterfront redevelopment in Korea through a qualitative approach by interpreting the relation between waterfront area and the overall structure of the port city in Europe. It argues that the more a redevelopment project is integrated to the structure of the city, the more it becomes successful in terms of attractiveness for both citizens and businesses. The findings provide many implications for Busan waterfront redevelopment. The direction of waterfront redevelopment is believed to be induced from the internal and external forces that are coincidentally in juncture. Drastic changes in the regional environment have exerted impacts on specific port cities, resulting in specific trajectories in different regions of the world. In order to respond to those changes, new policies are implemented while city and port enhance their mutual cohesion and increase their overall competitiveness. Busan waterfront redevelopment should not copy other cases of waterfront redevelopment. Its waterfront redevelopment shall not neglect dynamics of port competition and its connection with the city's needs and structure.


Oxygen exchange in grains of wheat was measured in both light and dark over the period of grain development. Between 10 d and 30 d after anthesis, the rate of photosynthesis exceeded the rate of respiration. Peak photosynthetic activity was observed at 20 d after anthesis, coinciding with maximum chlorophyll content in the pericarp green layer. Removal of the pericarp transparent layer increased rates of oxygen exchange in both the light and the dark. Attempts to inhibit photosynthesis with DCMU were only successful with the pericarp transparent layer removed.


We propose optical frequency comb block generation from a harmonically mode-locked laser using a bismuth-based erbium-doped fiber and a bismuth-based highly nonlinear fiber. A 10GHz-spaced frequency comb with a 10dB bandwidth of 300GHz is obtained.


This paper seeks to asses some of the elements that most significantly contributed to the institutionalization of Gender Responsive Budgeting in Latin America. The article briefly describes the context in which these initiatives emerge in the region and then analyzes the elements through which they became part of regular practices linked to the budgetary process. While no single recipes can be applied to the promotion of gender budgeting, such elements, adapted to each context and reality, can constitute examples of good practices to support other experiences in enhancing the incorporation of gender equality as a fundamental principle for public resources management.


Two rotating bodies with the same material but quite different spin angular momentum are utilized to conduct a free fall experiment for testing a novel equivalence principle in space.A conceptual differential electrostatic accelerometer with a variable-capacitance motor based spin-up loop is proposed to meet the demand of the scientific objective in this space mission.The analytical torque model is obtained by calculating the capacitance between the stator electrodes and rotor.The dynamics of the spin-up loop is developed by further estimating the effects of slide-film air damping and magnetic damping on the rotor in an effort to stimulate the start-up response.The simulated results indicate that it will experience a time of 9.8 days to spin up the rotor speed from 0 to 10 000 rpm.The proposed spin-up scheme behaves compact electrode structure by integrated in levitation electrode cylinder,and is superior to the traditional scheme in ground applications by eliminating inherent electromagnetic disturbance.


Jonathan Dancy, Ulrike Heuer, Jonas Olson, and others have argued that there is reason to reject the buck-passing account of value (BPA) because of its implications for first-order normative ethics. Dancy argues that BPA is inconsistent with certain deontological views. Olson argues that BPA is inconsistent with an attractive way of distinguishing between consequentialism and deontology. Heuer argues that it begs the question against Williams's internalism about reasons. This chapter argues that Dancy, Olson, and Heuer are mistaken. Others claim that certain versions of BPA are inconsistent with a consequentialist view about the reasons for pro-attitudes there are. This chapter argues that even global consequentialism should not involve a consequentialist view about the reasons for pro-attitudes that there are and because of this it is not a problem for BPA that it is inconsistent with a consequentialist view of the reasons for pro-attitudes that there are.


The probabilistic model of rock and soil mechanics parameters affects the results and precision of reliability analysis and design.Based on testing data and some groups of prior distribution data(existing in history) in the same zone,this paper discusses the problem of how to estimate the distribution of rock and soil mechanical parameters for a small sample in the case of insufficient data.A multiple sources information fusion method based on Bayesian statistics theory is presented.Confirming the weight of every prior distribution by calculating the difference between its prior data and testing data,this paper brings about the optimum fitting of probabilistic model of rock and soil mechanical parameters.


The UPTD Puskesmas annual report book in Medan Tembung District reported that the number of diarrhea sufferers had increased every year. Moringa plants have many benefits, both leaves, flowers, stems, fruit blossoms, and seeds. The moringa leaves contain various phytochemicals, viz. alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, steroids, triterpenoids, and tannins, which have antimicrobial properties. This study aimed to determine the antimicrobial effect of the ethanol extract of Moringa leaves against Escherichia coli. This study was an experimental study with a posttest only control group design model. The method used to evaluate ethanol extract's anti-bacterial effect from Moringa leaves was the disc diffusion method. Moringa leaf extract was obtained by maceration method with a ratio of Simplicia powder, and ethanol solvent was 1:10. The ethanol extract was then concentrated by rotary evaporator and diluted using DMSO into five different concentrations viz. 70%, 75%, 85%, 90%, and 95%. All data were analyzed by the One Way Anova test and expressed as Mean ± SD. This study showed that all treatment groups in this study had a significant difference in the zone of inhibition; it was shown by the P-value <0.05. Only 70% of concentrations from Serial concentration of extract were significant differences against the positive control. Overall, it can be concluded that the ethanol extract of moringa leaves is effective as an anti-bacteria against Escherichia coli, especially at concentrations > 75%.


To compare the quality of end‐of‐life care in Medicare Advantage (MA) and traditional Medicare (TM), specifically, receipt and length of hospice care.


The host compound H = 9,9'-(biphenyl-4,4'-diyl)difluoren-9-ol forms inclusion compounds with ethylamine (H-ETHYL and H-2ETHYL) and propylamine (H-2PROPYL). Thermal analysis of these compounds has been carried out, and the structures of H-2ETHYL and H-2PROPYL have been elucidated and were found to be stabilized by (host)-O-H...N-(guest) intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The kinetics of enclathration with both ethylamine and propylamine vapor were studied and were found to display anti-Arrhenius behavior. In addition, the kinetics of desorption of each of the inclusion compounds were measured and the activation energies of the desorption processes were found to be in the range 103.1 to 159.6 kJ mol -1 .


3591 Background: Axitinib is an oral, potent, and selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors (VEGFR) 1, 2, and 3. Clinical trials of VEGFR inhibitors in combination with cytotoxic chemotherapies have yet to yield positive results. Inhibition of cancer cell proliferation by VEGFR inhibitors may be antagonizing cytotoxic chemotherapy. This serial FLT-PET imaging study was performed to determine whether continuous dosing of axitinib inhibits FLT uptake and whether a 3- or 7-day drug holiday could reverse the FLT uptake inhibition.

METHODS
Pts with CRC or other GI cancers with suitable lesions were enrolled. Axitinib 7 mg (cohort 1) or 10 mg (cohort 2) twice daily (BID) starting dose was administered continuously for 7 days, then interrupted for ≥7 days. Dynamic and whole-body FLT-PET/CT scans were obtained at baseline, at the end of 7 days of continuous axitinib BID dosing, and then 3 and 7 days after axitinib interruption. Kinetic parameters calculated included the Patlak influx constant (Kpatlak) and changes in standardized uptake values (SUVmax, SUVmean). For liver lesions, SUVmean was used.

RESULTS
A total of 19 pts were enrolled, 3 and 16 into Cohorts 1 and 2, respectively. 15 had CRC and 4 had other GI cancers; 14 were male, and median age was 56 yrs. Serial FLT-PET data were available for 18 pts: 6 with lung, 5 with liver, 3 with lymph node, 2 with abdominal wall, and 2 with pelvic lesions. Following an initial 7 days of continuous axitinib, tumor FLT uptake (mean DSUV) changed by -46.0% (95% CI: -31.8%, -60.2%) from baseline. Then, after 3 days of axitinib holiday, tumor FLT uptake increased from nadir by +54.5% (95% CI: +17.5%, +91.5%), which further increased by +96.6% (95% CI: +36.4%, +156.8%) after 7 days of axitinib holiday.

CONCLUSIONS
Continuous axitinib therapy for 7 days markedly inhibited fluorothymidine uptake. Since inhibition of cancer cell proliferation can protect against the cytotoxic effects of chemotherapeutics, this could explain the failure of VEGFR inhibitor + chemotherapy regimens to improve chemotherapy. Inclusion of a short drug holiday in axitinib dosing schedule may allow resensitization of cancer cells.


To compare the frequency of rejection and graft failure after Descemet's stripping automated endothelial keratoplasty (DSAEK) and penetrating keratoplasty (PK) for secondary endothelial failure.


ION STANCESCU (Special Technical Adviser, Energy and Mineral Development Branch, Centre for Natural Resources, Energy and Transport, United Nations): 1 have been Special Energy Adviser to the United Nations for the past five years. Our main headquarters being in New York, we, naturally, tend to watch the energy development in the United States closely. I'd like to congratulate Dr. Sawhill for his over-all presentation. I have carefully read his interventions over the years related to the evolution of energy policy in the United States. First, let me apologize for not being aware of recent happenings in the energy sector in the USA. I have been traveling abroad for six weeks and only just arrived in time to attend this session. Being very involved in energy conservation problems on the world-wide scale, I felt impelled to participate in such related discussions in a country that annually consumes almost one-third of the world's energy and where, apparently, there exists the greatest potential for energy conservation. Along these lines I was impressed by some critical comments of Dr. Sawhill. I would like to add some observations based on world-wide study. Fifty years ago two-thirds of the world's population, some two billion people, were living within the so-called Northern Belt. This includes North America, Europe, the USSR, Korea, Japan, and China. By 1975 the population of the world had doubled. The distribution changed to 50 percent and 50 percent. As it stands now, depending on birth control, by 2025 the world population could conceivably reach between seven and nine billion, probably with more than two-thirds living in the Southern Belt and the remaining third in the North. This implies a very substantial shift in energy consumption patterns and distribution. One must consider that energy demand in the Southern Belt will increase not only because of the population growth, but also because of an accelerated rate of social and economic development in this area, which consists mainly of developing countries. If, for example, the gap in the per capita income between the developed and the developing countries should be reduced from 12: 1 to 7: 1, as described in one of the scenarios of the latest United Nations studies coordinated by Professor Leontieff, a tremendous energy demand is envisaged in the developing world. Consequently the world energy demand will continue to increase. In spite of soft energy technologies and the effect of energy conservation substantial extension of the primary energy supply will be required. This September a t the World Energy Conference in Istanbul, Turkey, almost 50 percent of the debates focused on energy conservation. Opinion showed that its impact would very much depend on the level of energy wastage and its profligate use. For example, Romania, my country, had a headstart. They embarked very early on efficient energy utilization by large-scale use of combined production of heat and power (co-generation) for industrial uses and district heating as well as by highly efficient design of energy equipment. This led to savings of almost three million tons of petroleum equivalent annually, which would have necessitated importation otherwise. These actions made it evident that, within limitations, saving a ton of conventional fuel required a lesser effort than having to produce it as a primary energy resource. This confirms energy conservation as an immediate primary resource. Under certain circumstances energy conservation can additionally exert influences on human behavior. For example, improvements of oil or natural gas burners would save thousands of coal miners years of labor-time underground. As we are well aware, this isn't the most salubrious type of work. Energy conservation measures that are financially rewarding t o consumers at short term will be applied as and when they see the cost-benefit resulting. However,


This contribution deals with entrepreneurial activities in urban and rural areas in Switzerland. It is the aim to identify differences in the entrepreneurial process between urban and rural regions of the country. The paper builds on a conceptual framework that identifies three stages in the entrepreneurial process. Differences between urban and rural areas are investigated in all three stages by applying an explorative methodology that is based on two datasets: First, data from the GEM-surveys 2005 and 2007 in Switzerland is used to conduct separate logistic regression models in urban and rural areas in order to analyze influencing factors for entrepreneurial activities on the individual level. Second, a descriptive analysis of the Swiss statistics of company demographics (UDEMO) is used to identify differences between urban and rural new firm establishments. The findings of the contribution suggest that there are differences between entrepreneurial activities in rural and urban areas in Switzerland. In the first stage of the entrepreneurial process, people in rural areas less frequently see good opportunities for starting a business than urban residents. In the second stage, common models on influencing factors for entrepreneurship fit only in urban areas, while influencing factors in rural areas are more difficult to determine. On the venture level in the third stage of the entrepreneurial process, urban establishments more often apply new technologies and processes than their rural counterparts. Based on this evidence we derive some recommendations for future research.


Contamination of food by pathogenic microorganisms is considered to be the most important food safety issue in China. As important options of risk management, the National Food Safety Standards (NF...


MONEY AVAILABLE TO THE TEXAS STATE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT FROM HIGHWAY USER AND GASOLINE TAXATION IS LIMITED. THEREFORE, THE COUNTY OR MUNICIPALITY FURNISHES TO THE STATE THE RIGHT- OF-WAY FOR A HIGHWAY PROJECT, FREE OF ALL COST TO THE STATE. THE FUNDS FOR THE REQUIRED RIGHTS-OF-WAY ARE PROVIDED BY THE COUNTIES FROM THEIR ROAD AND BRIDGE FUNDS OR BY THE ISSUANCE OF BONDS, WHEN SO AUTHORIZED BY A VOTE OF THE PEOPLE. THE HIGHWAY DEPARTMENT BEARS ALL EXPENSE FOR THE ENGINEERING NECESSARY TO ESTABLISH THE RIGHTS-OF-WAY REQUIRED AND FURNISHES TO THE COUNTY OR CITY THE PLATS AND LEGAL DESCRIPTIONS. THERE ARE SOME DISADVANTAGES WITH SUCH A PROCEDURE. IT IS NECESSARY TO CONDUCT RIGHT-OF-WAY NEGOTIATIONS WITH MANY POLITICAL SUBDIVISIONS OF THE STATE. THE RELATIVE COST OF RIGHT-OF-WAY ON SEVERAL POSSIBLE LOCATIONS FREQUENTLY RESULTS IN CONSIDERABLE DISCUSSION AS TO THE MOST DESIRABLE LOCATION, AND SOMETIMES RESULTS IN ACCEPTING AN INFERIOR ROUTE BECAUSE OF THE INCREASED COST OF RIGHT-OF-WAY ON THE SUPERIOR ROUTES.


and ankles were uniformly enlarged. The lymphatic glands were enlarged. The spleen extended about 1 in. below the left costal margin. The urine contained a small quantity of albumen on admission. The author looked on the case as ore of infective rheumatoid arthritis. Dr. A. E. GARROD observed that in regard to the cases described as examples of Still's disease he considered that similar cases do occur more rarely in adult life. The differences in the clinical picture exemplified the influence of age on a type of disease. Dr. ROLLESTON gave details of a case in an adult he had seen before Dr. Still brought forward his cases. Sir DYCB DUCKWORTH thought the cases of Dr. Still were possibly a blend of struma with the so-called arthritic or rheumatic habit of body.


Heat transfer parameters are the most critical variables affecting turbine blade life. Therefore, accurately predicting heat transfer parameters is essential. In this study, for precise prediction of the blade temperature distribution, a conjugate heat transfer procedure is used. This procedure involves three different physical aspects: flow and heat transfer in external domain and internal cooling passages and conduction within metal blade. For the external flow simulation and conduction within metal, three-dimensional solvers are used. However, three-dimensional modeling of blade cooling passages is time-consuming because of complex cooling passage geometries. Therefore, in the current work, a one-dimensional network method is used for the simulation of cooling passages. For validation of the numerical procedure, simulation results are compared with the available experimental data for a C3X vane. Results show good agreement against experimental data. The present paper investigates uncertainties of some parameters that affect turbine blade heat transfer, namely, (1) turbine inlet temperature and pressure, (2) upstream stator coolant mass flow rate and temperature, (3) rotor shroud heat transfer coefficient and fluid temperature over shroud, (4) rotor coolant inlet pressure and temperature (as a result of secondary air system), (5) blade metal thermal conductivity, and (6) blade coating thickness and thermal conductivity. Results show that turbine inlet temperature, pressure drop and temperature rise in the secondary air system (SAS) and coating parameters have significant effect on the blade temperature.


The on-load voltage regulation with transformer can not guarantee the demand of reactive power.In this paper,it is considered that reactive compensation equipment can be used for voltage regulation.A model of 110 kV distribution system is simulated,the effects of on-load voltage regulation with transformer and with reactive compensation are compared,the superiority of on-load voltage regulation with reactive compensation combined with transformer is analyzed.Finally,it points out that some problems should be resolved when using mechanical reactive compensation equipment in power system.


Many dependability techniques expect certain behaviors from the underlying subsystems and fail in chaotic ways if these expectations are not met. Under expected circumstances, however, software tends to work quite well. This paper suggests that, instead of fixing elusive bugs or rewrit ing software, we improve the predictability of conditions faced by our programs. This approach might be a cheaper and faster way to improve dependability of software. After identifying some of the common triggers of unpredictability, the paper describes three engineering principles that hold promise in combating unpredictability, suggests a way to benchmark predictability, and outlines a brief research agenda.


We study the q-creation and q-annihilation derivatives of operators on q-Fock space and then the derivatives are ϕ-derivations with respect to the q-Wick product, where ϕ is a *-homomorphism with respect to the q-Wick product, which provide interesting non-trivial examples of abstract ϕ-derivation.


To advance the research area of social robotics, it is important to understand the effect of different social cues on the perceived social agency to a robot. This paper evaluates three sets of verbal and nonverbal social cues (emotional intonation voice, facial expression and head movement) demonstrated by a social agent delivering several messages. A convenience sample of 18 participants interacted with SociBot, a robot that can demonstrate such cues, experienced in sequence seven sets of combinations of social cues. After each interaction, participants rated the robot's social agency (assessing its resemblance to a real person, and the extent to which they judged it to be like a living creature). As expected, adding social cues led to higher social agency judgments; especially facial expression was connected to higher social agency judgments.


The recently established Eurasian Customs Union of Russia, Belarus and Kazakhstan has generated considerable research interest. Using a rich panel data, this paper analyses the impact of the common external tariff and changes in non-tariff trade barriers on bilateral trade patterns. Tariff increases have expected negative impact on the trade ows. The Customs Union abolished the customs controls between the members in two stages. This allows to estimate the effect of border elimination which is particularly strong for intra-CU trade. As tariff changes faced by non-members are already accounted for, this growth can be attributed to reduced trade costs, that is, not driven by trade diversion due to tariff changes. The paper explores the unexpected and sudden creation of the CU and specificities in the timing of removing the internal customs controls. This allows to estimate the border effects directly instead of being inferred from the difference between intra-country and inter-country trade as it is typically done in the literature.


The vibration degree of a steering wheel has important reference significance for drivers to evaluate the ride comfort of the whole vehicle. To solve the jitter problem of the steering wheel of a commercial vehicle at idle speed, this work proposes a multinode joint vibration control strategy (MDVC) based on the associated vibration path of the steering wheel. Based on the analysis of the associated vibration transfer paths of the steering wheel, the whole vehicle was divided into a system comprising several nodes. For the decomposed node system, taking the vibration transmission path associated with the target as the research direction, the vibration reduction design of each node system is analyzed step by step. After exploring the possible causes of abnormal vibration of the steering wheel through experimental tests, the abnormal node structure interval was determined. By further extracting the structural model of the steering system from the vehicle, the hammering method was applied to test its modal and related frequency. Furthermore, an improved structure of steering support was also designed, and its fitting degree and modal characteristics were analyzed and compared to the original scheme. The following test results show that the structure improvement greatly reduces the vibration level of the steering wheel, meets the ideal design requirements of the steering wheel vibration reduction, and provides the possibility of weighing the correlation between these hierarchical node systems in whole vehicle.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of suggested etching method on the performance of pits and fissures sealant. In the first part, seventy extracted sound human permanent third molars and premolars were used. The teeth were randomly divided and performed in three different groups as follows : conventional etching, enameloplasty, and testing group. Non-pumicing, dye-guidance vigorous brushing-start etching technique was applied on the occlusal of testing group. Then the pit and fissure sealant was applied on all of the specimens. After the thermocycling and immersing in 1% methylene blue, the resin embedded sections were made. The microleakage data on the section were then recorded under the stereoscope and statistic analysis was done. Additional experiments were also performed : direct fissure surface etched pattern experiment, replica study, and micro-shear bond strength testing observation. The second part included two groups. A paired study was designed to evaluate the influence the environment has on the performance of the sealant. After etching, half of each occlusal surface received one of the two following treatments in succession: sealing in laboratory and intraoral condition (group 1), sealing in intraoral condition with and without a single-bonding agent (group 2). The results of present study can be summarized as follows: - The microleakage of testing group was significant different with conventional method (P.05). - The quality and quantity of etched enamel were improved. - Microshear bond strength of testing group was higher than control group (p


As digital transformations have the potential to reinforce longstanding inequalities and create novel ones within and among societies, it is vital to understand how this process is socially embedded. This article contributes to the study of macro‐level patterns of cross‐country differences in digitalization by providing a global comparative analysis of 76 countries in three different clusters, with a focus on the almost 30 countries with the lowest rates of adoption. Going beyond the "access, use, outcome" perspective of the digital divide approach, this empirical analysis addresses the social embeddedness of digitalization in the framework of the three types of social capital. In contrast to the digitalized and the digitalizing country clusters, the findings on the social capital profile of low‐adopter societies reveal their consistently low status on bridging and linking social capital, as well as their strengths in the trust and ties dimensions of bonding social capital. These results have alarming implications for digital inclusion in low‐adopter societies.


Abstract The challenge addressed in this study is how the effectiveness of Padlet, Panopto video-embedded quizzes and Google Docs can be evaluated in terms of student engagement. Using a range of data sources, we discussed whether each technology influenced various dimensions of student engagement. The study found that certain technologies improved students' behavioral and cognitive engagement and they provided students with flexible opportunities for social, collaborative and emotional engagement. By enhancing the online opportunities for behavioral, cognitive and interpersonal engagement, specific technologies helped engage students with what and how they were learning. It concludes with further recommendations aimed toward the intentional use of technology for improving students' online learning engagement.


Objective:To observe the clinical curative effect of Tongbi Qushi Prescription in the treatment of acute gouty arthritis.Methods:240 cases of acute gouty arthritis were randomly divided into a treatment group and a control group,120 cases in each.The treatment group was treated with Tongbi Qushi Prescription,while the control group with colchicine tablets for a course of 14 d.observing clinical symptoms of the two groups such as joint pain,swelling,limitation of activity and other laboratory index changes of uric acid,erythrocyte sedimentation rate,C-reactive protein and xanthine oxidase.Results:After treatment,the clinical efficacy of the two groups was gradually increasing at each time point,and the treatment group increased more obviously than the control group,the difference being statistically significant(P 0.05);the joint pain,swelling and limitation of activity score and laboratory indicators of the two groups improved more significantly than those before treatment(P 0.05),the difference between the two groups being statistically significant(P 0.05).Conclusion:Tongbi Qushi Prescription can obviously improve clinical symptoms and decrease laboratory indexes of acute gouty arthritis,effective and safe.


To the Editor:— I read with special interest the article "Tribal Epidemics in the Yukon" (The Journal, Dec. 18, 1943) in which John F. Marchand recounts a series of epidemics observed during the latter part of 1942 and 1943 among some Tlingit speaking Indians on Teslin Lake near the Alaska Highway. During the summer of 1943 I spent seven or eight weeks in anthropological field work at Fort Nelson, B. C., a small settlement 6 miles east of the Alaska Highway. Numerous visitors from highway construction camps visited the settlement during my presence but the local Indians, Cree and Slave, did no work on the construction of the road with the exception of two part-Indians who, because of their knowledge of horses, were employed as packers for the Public Roads Administration during the winter of 1942-1943. With the exception of the annual "flu" epidemic, which strikes throughout the Mackenzie drainage area


The present work aims at thermophoresis, heat source and hall current effects on dissipative aligned MHD convective flow embedded in a porous medium using 2-term perturbation scheme. The influence of the effects of hall current, aligned magnetic, Soret, chemical reaction and heat source were examined. Graphs are plotted for the validation of results. Skinfriction, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are tabulated for various physical parameters. The results are good in agreement with the existing results.


This study presents results of usewear analysis on lithic tools unearthed from Hutouliang,an Upper Paleolithic site in the Nihewan Basin,North China. The Hutouliang lithic assemblage includes predominantly finely retouched formal tools especially morphologically defined points. This study selected 52 out of 73 of these points,which are in previous typological analyses divided into 5 subtypes. Lithic use-wear analysis is used to examine microscopically edge damage and surface rounding in order to assess how these tools were employed. Stone tool use patterns revealed by usewear evidence suggests that humans living at the Hutouliang site made full use of pointed tips and edges for penetrating,scraping,and cutting,and that most of these points may have been hafted. Based on the usewear data and typological observations,we conclude that the Hutouliang people made and used specialized and curated stone tools in order to adapt to the changing climatic environment about 10000 years ago.


IntroductionSports dances belong to the group of acyclic, complicated in coordination or technically aesthetic sport that requires dancers for fast and high-quality mastering a wide range of technical elements during the training process and perfect performance under the pressure of competitive activities (A. R. Galeev, 2008; H. Regazzoni, M. Rossi, A. Magione, 2001; A. Moor, 1968). Since the first competition category in dance sport is the category of Juvenile I (aged 8 - 9), this is the age period for the rational designing of the training process instructors should first take into account the indicators of technical readiness of children. Due to the fact that at this point the control criteria are not clearly defined in sports dances, and the evaluation of the skill level of dancing couples at sporting events is subjective and comparative in nature, there is a need to develop and pilot study of informative criteria of technical preparedness of young dancers.During the long-term training of dancers the content and the structure of sports training vary according to the age characteristics and technical improvement of dance couples (I. A. Mikhailov, A. A. Kovalenko, 1999). The very process of training in dance clubs in Ukraine differs by diverse approaches to both the technique and its effectiveness evaluation. The authors found that to increase the level of technical skill in sports dance is possible only under the condition of optimal development of basic technical skills since forming the foundation for proper technical training of dancers at the early stages of long-term training has a positive effect on improving other components of the dancers training system (A. A. Kovalenko, 2001; S. Doughty, K. Francksen, M. Huxley, M Leach, 2008).However, the study of library resources has revealed that today in sports dances insufficient experiences on the improvement and control of technical preparedness of dancers occur (H. Regazzoni, M. Rossi, A. Magione, 2001). Technical training as a major component of the training process of dance couples did not receive sufficient consideration in methodological research.The training process in sports dance is based on the exercising of certain technical elements and competitive combinations in general (M. Faina, 2005). Some sports dance experts suggest that during intensive technical training dancers are expected to gain an appropriate level of technical skills and establish the optimal level of technical preparedness that will be successfully implemented into competitive activity (Competition Rules). This approach can provide a somewhat stable performance technique of competitive compositions, however, cannot be an effective means of improving the technical preparedness of young dancers (E. Franklin, 2004; I. A. Mikhailov, A. A. Kovalenko, 1999). Development of some technique indices should be specific to competitive activity, age, experience and qualification of dancers, and preparation stage of training in the annual cycle and long-term training in the system as a whole (S. Doughty, K. Francksen, M. Huxley, M. Leach, 2008; S. A. Moseley, 2005).One aspect of the solution to this problem may be technical readiness evaluation of children aged 7 - 9 who are engaged in sports dance, that, in turn, can become a basis for improving the training process at the stage of preliminary basic training in this sport (E. Franklin, 2004).The aim of the study is to improve the system of technical readiness evaluation of children aged 7 - 9 who are engaged in sport dance.Object of the study is technical training of dancers at the stage of preliminary basic training.The purpose of the study is the evaluation of the technical preparedness level of young dancers at the stage of preliminary basic training.MethodologyThe methods and sources are as follows: theoretical analysis and synthesis, surveys, pedagogical observation, expert evaluation, methods of mathematical statistics. …


In this issue of theArchives, Hershey et al 1 report a "pervasive feeling of frustration and demoralization among practicing internists" in New York. They queried academics, general internists, and subspecialists. Accurate as Hershey et al may be in general, there are dramatic differences of concern between these groups of physicians; I believe that Hershey et al may be homogenizing marked variations of opinion. This is what I found when sampling opinions about the future of medicine shared by some general internists practicing in Denver, Colo. Denver differs significantly from New York State. We are suffering from a prolonged economic recession, have a very low Medicare payment rate, and have a higher penetration of health maintenance organizations in our medical market. Perhaps because of these factors, I find Denver internists even more pessimistic than those studied by Hershey et al. My colleagues are depressed about loss of income, prestige, autonomy,


The Liquid smoke can be use for food preservation, be obtained from pyrolysis of materials containing cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin. The form of liquid smoke that has the ability to preserve,for their phenolic compounds,acids and carbonyl. The purpose of this research is to know the quality of liquid smoke from process of charcoal the biomass obtained from rotary pyrolysis carbonisator as fish preservative, the effect of liquid smoke on the chemical and organoleptic properties of fish, and the resilience of fish after being given smoke liquid. The metode of experiments with skin biomass of durian, coconut shell, and palm shell. Biomass is dried, then is burned in rotary carbonisator pyrolysis. The results ofthe process are namely liquid, tar and charcoal smoke. Next, Liquid smoke is precipitated and then it is distilled twice, namely ordinary distillation and vacuum distillation. Results combustion produces liquid smoke with a yield of 19% on the skin of durian, 23.6% on coconut shell, and 20.8% on palm shells. Organoleptic test results on the fish with the addition of liquid smoke from the skin of durian with a concentration of 5 % is most preferred by the panellists in terms of color, aroma, flavor, and texture.


This study explores effective academic leadership as well as hindrances within Iran's private higher educational institutions. The author employed a qualitative approach that utilized purposive sampling to collect and analyze data. Findings were categorized into three classes comprising the (i) setting of direction, (ii) organizational and (iii) staff development at three administrative levels: central office, branch office and faculty personnel. Obstacles confronting effective academic leadership were identified as (i) centralization of power; (ii) bureaucratic hierarchy; (iii) budgetary restraints; (iv) ineffective interaction including ineffectual communications as well as social, political and cultural interventions; and (v) unqualified staffing policies that eschewed meritocracy. This study reveals that the functional purview of an effective academic leader is to drive an institution's vision forward towards achievement and define its mission and objectives. Moreover, it signifies an indispensable need for academic leadership development programs that incorporate, protect and support scientific management skills based on sound moral values, mutually established trust, collegial respect, and the application of transactional cum transformational governance methods in teaching, learning and research.


Abstract.This paper introduces the serious crack accident of the rotor of a 600 MW turbo-generator unit in Vietnam, which leads to the rotor scrapped. After excluding the material and design reasons, it is considered that the electrical torque is the possibility. Through the operation parameters and theoretical calculation of the unit, the fault reason is positioned as Sub-synchronous resonance. The most important criterion is that the vibration of Unit 1 increases simultaneously with that of Unit 2, which is physically isolated from Unit 1. Further theoretical calculation shows that the natural frequencies of torsional vibration are 13.74 Hz, 26.23 Hz and 30.30 Hz, which are complementary to the grid frequency at that time cause of the change of grid structure.


The paper introduces two problems in using TMS320C80:memory access conflict and data double baffer; and two methods to realize BP neural network. The result of experiments is Compared with other methods, and the ralidity is proved.


Context: Congenital scoliosis is a difficult condition for orthopedic surgeons. There are some influencing factors to choose the best treatment option for scoliosis. Objectives: Patients with congenital scoliosis may encounter different anomalies. There exist various surgical techniques with different indications. Methods: Electronic databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for congenital scoliosis. Articles published from 1928 to 2020 were searched. A narrative review was conducted by focusing on treatment options. Results: Different methods are presented in the literature that consists of operative and nonoperative approaches. Nonoperative treatment methods are seldom a final choice. They are used to postpone the final surgery. There are different methods of surgeries in the literature; the best treatment strategy concerns the patients' condition and the surgeon's preference. Conclusions: The critical issue in the management of congenital scoliosis is to diagnose these patients' curves before severe progression, i.e. mandatory to achieve desirable results. Usually, a course of nonoperative treatment can be started, but only to postpone the final surgery. The preferred surgical treatment depends on the type of congenital scoliosis and the age of the patient. The treatment of congenital scoliosis should be a multidisciplinary approach due to concomitant morbidity in these patients.


Genetic benefits from mate choice could be attained by choosing mates with high heritable quality ("good genes") and that are genetically compatible ("compatible genes"). We clarify the conceptual and empirical framework for estimating genetic benefits of mate choice, stressing that benefits must be measured from offspring fitness because there are no unequivocal surrogates for genetic quality of individuals or for compatibility of parents. We detail the relationship between genetic benefits and additive and nonadditive genetic variance in fitness, showing that the benefits have been overestimated in previous verbal treatments. We point out that additive benefits readily arise from nonadditive gene action and that the idea of "heritable nonadditive benefits" is a misconception. We review the empirical evidence of the magnitude of benefits of good genes and compatible genes in animal populations, and we outline the most promising future directions for empirical research on the genetic benefits of mate choice.


10561 Background: Disruptions to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic due to disease mitigation efforts, supply-chain issues, and fear of COVID-19 have all been reported, but study of their extent has been limited. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the extent and associations with patient reported disruptions to cancer treatment and other care during the COVID-19 pandemic using nationally representative data. Methods: This cross-sectional study uses data from the 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS), an annual, cross-sectional survey of US adults. Adults who reported requiring current cancer treatment or other care related to their cancer in the second half of 2020 were included. Rates of patients with self-reported changes, delays, or cancellations to cancer treatment or other cancer-related care due to the COVID-19 pandemic were calculated and their associations with demographic and other variables were analyzed. All data were adjusted using sample weights and specific variables to account for stratification and other survey characteristics using the Stata svy command. Chi-square testing was used to compare proportions across variable groups. Univariable logistic regression analysis was utilized to assess variable associations with change, delay, or cancellations to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to create a model adjusted for select demographic variables. Results: A sample-weighted 2,867,326 adults (n=574) reported requiring cancer treatment and/or other cancer care since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic. Of these, 189 (32.1%) reported any change, delay, or cancellation due to the pandemic. On univariable analysis, patients who were younger, female, had comorbidities, and uninsured were significantly more likely to report care disruptions. On adjusted analysis, younger age and female sex remained significant predictors. In a sample-weighted subset of 1,600,587 patients (n=331), 291 (87.9%) reported virtual appointment use. There was no association with disruptions across breast, prostate, lung, and colorectal cancer groups. Conclusions: Approximately 1/3 of patients experienced disruptions to cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Patients with younger age or female sex were more likely to have disruptions in care, which may reflect risk stratification strategies in the early stages of the pandemic. The longitudinal impact of these disruptions on outcomes merits further study. [Table: see text]


The review provides a brief chronological overview of Bernoulli's law, the Phenomenological approach such as the philosophical basis, the Hamiltonian operator, the Maxwell equations, the Schrödinger equation, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle and completes with a broad conclusion. The aim is to show that an inaccuracyin the Bernoulli equation and arestriction of the Classicaxiom in the Maxwell equations are significantly reflected in further theories, results and conclusions. This is the reason the proposals are made for a new interpretation of the theory based on a correction in the Bernoulli equation and extension of the Classicaxiom for Maxwell's equations.


Objective: To quantify the clinical and economic burden of uncontrolled epilepsy in patients requiring emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization. Methods: Health insurance claims from a 5-state Medicaid database (1997Q1–2009Q2) and 55 self-insured US companies ("employer," 1999Q1 and 2008Q4) were analyzed. Adult patients with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AED) were selected. Using a retrospective matched-cohort design, patients were categorized into cohorts of "uncontrolled" (≥2 changes in AED therapy, then ≥1 epilepsy-related ED visit/hospitalization within 1 year) and "well-controlled" (no AED change, no epilepsy-related ED visit/hospitalization) epilepsy. Matched cohorts were compared for health care resource utilization and costs using multivariate conditional regression models and nonparametric methods. Results: From 110,312 (Medicaid) and 36,529 (employer) eligible patients, 3,454 and 602 with uncontrolled epilepsy were matched 1:1 to patients with well-controlled epilepsy, respectively. In both populations, uncontrolled epilepsy cohorts presented about 2 times more fractures and head injuries (all p values < 0.0001) and higher health care resource utilization (ranges of adjusted incidence rate ratios [IRRs] [all-cause utilization]: AEDs = 1.8–1.9, non-AEDs = 1.3–1.5, hospitalizations = 5.4–6.7, length of hospital stays = 7.3–7.7, ED visits = 3.7–5.0, outpatient visits = 1.4–1.7, neurologist visits = 2.3–3.1; all p values < 0.0001) than well-controlled groups. Total direct health care costs were higher in patients with uncontrolled epilepsy (adjusted cost difference [95% confidence interval (CI)] Medicaid = $12,258 [$10,482–$14,083]; employer = $14,582 [$12,019–$17,097]) vs well-controlled patients. Privately insured employees with uncontrolled epilepsy lost 2.5 times more work days, with associated indirect costs of $2,857 (95% CI $1,042–$4,581). Conclusions: Uncontrolled epilepsy in patients requiring ED visit or hospitalization was associated with significantly greater health care resource utilization and increased direct and indirect costs compared to well-controlled epilepsy in both publicly and privately insured settings.


The present invention is such that as, more particularly, to rotate by a cam and a slider in the multi-layer to the hinge device installed on a door to be opened and closed cover closed during the pre-stop period and the slowdown period implemented on the cover opening and closing hinge device for use in office equipment by it will cover in a closed process to improve noise reduction and product degradation. The configuration of the present invention is installed in a office equipment body 110, a pair of hinge holes 11 is provided a housing 10 in which the upper and; Is securely fixed to the cover 120, and the hinge holes 21 provided at the rear, and the rear-side lower insertion hinged connection rotation lever 20 is 22 provided that the inner upper end of the housing 10; The housing 10, the hinge hole 11 and the rotation lever is coupled into the hinge hole 21 of the 20. The rotation lever 20 and the cover hinge shaft 30 for supporting the rotation of 120 of the; A compression coil spring 40 is installed in the housing (10) and; Is installed in the top of the housing 10 is elastically supported by the compression coil spring 40, the upper end is provided with a slider 50 that contacts the bottom of the hinge connecting portion 22 side of the rotary lever (20) in the hinge device; The upper surface of the hinge connecting portion 22 is positioned in front of the hinge hole (21), the hinge connecting portion 22 provided a multi-layer cam 23 on the bottom surface, and the slider 50 of the pivoting lever (20) but provided a support surface 51, Configuring the multi-layer cam 23 to stop the cam (23a) of the center and, in the form of a down cam (23b) lower in height and located behind the stop cams than cotton on both sides of the stop cam (23a) of the pivoting lever (20) and, The slider 50 of the receiving surface 51 to have a gradually increasing slope in the forward stop cam (23a) the stop surface (51a) in contact with the rotation lever 20 to the front tip center and the stop surface (51a) constitute the protruding on both sides of the down side (51b) in contact with the down cam (23b) is molded.


The Proca equation for a vector particle with an arbitrary magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole moment and the Rarita-Schwinger equation in the presence of an external electromagnetic plane-wave field are reduced by systems of ordinary differential equations which can be solved in special cases. The propagation behaviour of the solutions is investigated and found to exhibit in general the inconsistencies predicted by Velo and Zwanziger (1971). In some cases there are in addition tachyonic modes. Characteristic differences appear for linear and circular polarization of the external field.


Study baseline on discipline practice in school conducted as a strengthening reading and writing education in pre-school students in the edged and isolated area in Papua and west Papua province. The improving quality result of reading and writing that students achieved is not only through teachers skills improvement in teaching reading and writing, but also by creating school environment which is save and free from children abused. The aimed of study baseline is to give discipline practice that applied by teachers in school. And also about teachers and students viewed about punishment. The sample data consisted of teachers, headmasters, and students. Teachers and headmasters as the practitioners who used the punishment to control the students' behavior. Students as the important elements in this study because they were the ones who felt the impact of giving punishments to create disciplinary in school. The pre-school teachers who involved in this study. The students who involved as repondents in this study was the students in first grade until third grade. One-third students of the total students who was presented when this study conducted was chosen as the respondents. The selected schools were 6 schools from 20 basic literacy schools model program in Biak Numfor regency, Jayawijaya, Manokwari, and Mimika. Data collection was done by researched and interviewed to the teachers and headmasters was conducted by Focus Group Discussion (FGD), and the students was done by asking teachnique 'find out'. Study results showed that teachers still wrong in interpreting discipline and equated as punishment. Teachers responded on students' negative behavior (Misbehave) in hard ways, embarrassing, and harassing. Teachers continuesly became angry/ punished the students even only for little mistakes. Keyword: Discipline practice, teachers, students


ABSTRACT The design process of a cellular manufacturing system (CMS) involves well-known NP-hard problems. Being an NP-hard, it is difficult to address these CMS-related problems optimally within a reasonable time. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel heuristic-based two-stage approach to tackle the CMS-related problems. In the first stage, a mathematical model is developed to concurrently solve cell formation and workers' assignment problems (CFWAP). The worker's selection is determined by their performance in operating a machine for a specific part, measured by the defect rate resulting from assigning the worker to a machine. The model's objective is to minimize the weighted sum of the total inter-cell, intra-cell movements, operation, and defect costs. In the second stage, based on the output of the mathematical model in the first stage, a heuristic algorithm is developed to solve the problem related to the layout design of the cellular manufacturing system (LDCMS). The actual dimensions of machines and the aisle distances between them are considered in LDCMS to find out the best possible allocation of the machines and cells within the entire system. A comparison is conducted between numerical examples from the literature to show the efficiency and the validation of this two-stage heuristic approach. The results show that the proposed method can optimally tackle the aforementioned CMS-related problems within a reasonable time. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study that integrates the CFWAP with LDCMS, considering all these practical and manufacturing features. Finally, it should be noted that the proposed approach has been applied as a real case study for a central workshop on die manufacturing for a food stove company in Egypt. The results depict a significant reduction in the company's total associated costs by achieving up to 23% savings from applying the proposed method.


The geomorphology, Late Quaternary stratigraphy, sedimentology and hydrology of the upper basin of the Salado River were investigated. The study area is loca...


The centrality of vertices has been the key issue in social network analysis. Many centrality measures have been presented, such as degree, closeness, between's and eigenvector centrality. But eigenvector centrality is more suited than other centrality measures for finding prominent or key author in research professionals' relationship network. In this paper, we discuss eigenvector centrality and its application based on Network x. In eigenvector centrality first set every node a starting amount of influence then performs power iteration method. In network x the starting amount of influence of each node is 1/len(G). Therefore, we modify the eigenvector centrality algorithm and set the starting amount of influence of each node is the degree centrality of that node because eigenvector centrality is the extension of degree centrality and also implements the eigenvector centrality in weighted network.


In the presence of a magnetic field, the Maslov quantization condition is not available in the original form. An alternative quantization condition is proposed with the aid of a principal U(1) bundle over a phase space and a connection whose curvature form is the charged symplectic form. By means of this quantization condition, quasiclassical eigenvalues of the Kepler problem with a centrifugal potential and Dirac's monopole field are calculated, which turn out to coincide with the eigenvalues of the quantized problem.


Fiber reinforced plastics (FRP), as a structural material in lieu of using steel or concrete, can provide many opportunities for structural engineers to propose new structural systems. Even though material properties and their application to aerospace structures can be found in the literature, little information is available on the application of FRP to bridge and building structures. This paper studies the bond strength of carbon FRP to structural steels in order to develop the composite structure of steel and FRP. It is concluded that the strong anisotropy of FRP may cause local shear stress concentration, resulting in premature debonding.


PurposeProactive risk assessment suggests that risk assessment should emphasize the consequences that it might cause and the opportunities it might create for firms. Hence, this study aims to validate risk impact on supply chain performance in the context of the Vietnamese construction sector. Also, a complex network, in which multiple risk factors mutually affect, impede or promote each other, is developed to assist managers in tackling unpredictable risks proactively. In particular, the authors investigate whether certain risks could be considered either challenges or opportunities for businesses in turbulent times to improve SC performance.Design/methodology/approachThe construction industry is the focal study context as it is one of the most essential industries in charge of providing accommodations, infrastructures and employment for society. 289 valid responses used in this research are from a large-scale survey result, supported by a Japanese government project promoting sustainable socio-economic development in Vietnam.FindingsFrom the study findings, the authors find that external risk brings opportunities for supply chain performance. Meanwhile, demand risk, when it occurs, can reduce the danger level of operational risk, which is an interesting finding of this research. It is evident that when multiple risk factors mutually affect, impede or promote each other, it provides a more meaningful examination of mutually interconnected supply chain risks.Originality/valuePractitioners should perceive risks as an opportunity than a threat. This study contributes to preventing risks and guaranteeing an effective and efficient supply chain by tackling unpredictable risks in a disruptive period. Moreover, data on validating research models collected during the Covid-19 pandemic and Ukraine and Russia conflicts reflect the topicality of this study.


In the new era,to pursue and further develop Deng xiaoping's economical theory means enhancing the productivity as the main task,adhering to the policy of reforming and opening to the outside world,and adhering to the "three steps construction plan."


ABSTRACT A total of fifty-six growing pigs were studied on a second year clover/grassland. Three experiments with a 2 X 2 Latin square design were conducted with two levels of stocking rate (10 or 20 m2 pig−1 week−1) and low (L, 139 g kg−1 DM) or high (H, 197 g kg−1 DM) crude protein (CP) content in the supplemental feed in four 14-day periods in two successive years. After 8 weeks with pigs, this area and a control area were sown with winter wheat and harvested the following year. Growth rate and feed conversion ratio were better with feed H, whereas stocking rate had minor influence on pig performance. The deepest pig tillage work was achieved at high soil moisture contents independent of treatment. However, 10 m2 pig−1 week−1 gave deeper tillage work than 20 m2 pig−1 week−1 in dry conditions. Wheat grain yield was larger on 10 m2 pig−1 week−1 with a variation between years, whereas CP level did not affect yields or tillage work. Pig tillage was competitive with mechanical tillage when soil moisture or stocking rate was high, whereas dry conditions were favourable for the control area. Wheat grain yield and pig tillage work showed a significant correlation. A balance between imports of N in the feed and exports of N in pig gain and grain yield was achieved with the (20 m2 pig−1 week−1, L) treatment combination. Stocking rate should be determined in relation to soil moisture content, when using pigs as a tillage implement, influencing the choice of CP level in the feed to achieve an appropriate N-fertilization.


Objective On high salt intake, Dahl salt-sensitive rats develop cardiac hypertrophy disproportionate to the degree of hypertension. In the present studies, we assessed whether the cardiac hypertrophy induced by high salt depends on the development of hypertension per se, and leads to over-activity of the cardiac renin–angiotensin system (RAS). Methods Cardiac angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) mRNA and activity, cardiac and plasma angiotensin I and II (AngI, II), as well as plasma renin activity (PRA) were assessed in Dahl salt-sensitive (Dahl S) and salt-resistant (Dahl R) rats on high (1370 μmol/g food) or regular salt (120 μmol/g food) diet for 2–5 weeks. Cardiac ACE and hypertrophic response in Dahl S on high salt were also assessed after central blockade of sympathetic hyperactivity and hypertension. Results In Dahl S rats, ACE mRNA and activity of the left ventricle (LV) increased markedly after 4–5 weeks of high salt diet compared with Dahl S on the control diet and Dahl R on either diet. Chronic intra-cerebroventricular treatment with Fab fragments blocking brain 'ouabain' prevented the hypertension by high salt in Dahl S rats but did not affect the salt-induced increases in LV weight or in LV ACE mRNA and activity. On regular salt diet, Dahl S rats demonstrated significantly lower cardiac AngI and AngII than Dahl R rats. However, high salt intake did not cause significant changes in cardiac AngI and II in either strain. On regular salt diet, PRA, plasma AngI and II were all significantly lower in Dahl S versus R. In Dahl S rats, high salt did not cause further decreases of the already low PRA or plasma AngI and II. Conclusions These data indicate a low activity of both circulatory and cardiac RAS in Dahl S versus R rats. The marked cardiac hypertrophy and increase in cardiac ACE mRNA and activity induced by high salt in Dahl S do not depend on the increase in blood pressure. High salt intake did not increase cardiac AngII in Dahl S, suggesting that the increase in ACE mRNA and activity may be relevant for non-angiotensinergic mechanisms involved in cardiac hypertrophy.


In vegetatively propagated ornamentals, new varieties can be obtained from i.) conventional breeding through crossing and selection or ii.) spontaneous or induced variant types of existing (initial) varieties. Indeed, variant types enlarge the assortment to be produced without the need to alter production systems. However, they inherit the breeding effort needed to create a completely new and profitable variety. Under the rules defined by the UPOV convention of 1991 this new variant type should be considered as an "Essentially Derived Variety" (EDV) from the initial variety (IV). Therefore, the breeder of the initial variety might want to claim at least part of the profits acquired by the breeder of the EDV under the form of a royalty. To detect either EDV or fraud, criteria based on plant morphology are insufficient or even not applicable. Here, some case studies are presented to illustrate the possibilities and the limitations of the use of molecular fingerprints in disputes on fraud and essential derivation of ornamental plants. These examples are put in contrast with genetic analysis work that has been performed for the study of phylogenetic relationships, characterization of hybrids and breeders' gene pools. From this framework, it is discussed what benefits molecular markers could provide to plant variety registration and protection of Plant Breeders' Rights.


To date, more than 90% of global lactic acid production is achieved by microbial fermentation of sugars. Despite the significant advantages of microbial production process over the chemical means, the final production cost is relatively high and still limits product application. In commercial scale, it is considered that a significant part of production cost is determined by the substrate cost, so the use of sugars is not so economically feasible. A promising alternative to overcome this problem is the development of new strategies for utilizing cheaper and abundant in nature materials, such as biomass or polysaccharides containing industrial residues. In this review are summarized the current problems and limitations of biological production process like the last achievements in lactic acid production from renewable raw resources, such as lignocelluloses, starchy materials and inulin-containing substrates. Although all these attempts are still on laboratory scale, they receive extensive attention because of their potential possibilities to replace sugars utilization in microbial lactic acid production and to provide an economically competitive and eco-friendly production process.


Topographical guidance cues are considered effective factors for enhancing the efficiency of nerve conduits in repairing nerve injuries. However, very few investigations so far have been reported to design and optimize the topographical patterns. In this paper, polyacrylonitrile nerve conduits with aligned longitudinal grooves on the inner surface were manufactured by the dry-jet wet spinning methods, where the groove width was precisely tunable. PC12 cells (mouse neuroblastic and eosinophilic cells) were cultured in the nerve conduits, and the results demonstrated that our designed inner grooved pattern effectively improved neurite alignment even when the groove width is significantly larger than the neuron size. Furthermore, the results revealed that both the groove and ridge width played important roles in controlling the neurites growth: parallel growth to the longitudinal direction was more obvious in the nerve conduits within narrower grooves. Here, we showed a simple yet effective technique to implement never conduits with a functional grooved inner texture. Controllable guidance of neurite growth, as well as the in-conduit morphological heterogeneity, showed promise for nerve regeneration and stem cell therapy in the future. [2017-0196]


Shame, an emotion based upon individuals' belief that they, alone, are not good enough – influences their sense of efficaciousness, which directly affects their lives. This study examined how learning mindfulness and self-compassion skills changed one teacher's self-efficacy and impacted the classroom environment. Using mindfulness and self-compassion to address feelings of shame creates opportunities to manage emotions with objectivity and clarity. The Teachers' Sense of Efficacy Scale (Tschannen-Moran Hoy, 2001, 2014), and the Self-Compassion Scale (Neff, 2003) were administered to the participant before and after the study to determine any changes in self-efficacy and self-compassion. Classroom observations and teacher interviews were also conducted. Results indicated an increase in selfefficacy, particularly in classroom management and ability to modify lessons to fit the needs of individual students. An increase in self-kindness and self-compassion were also shown.


Based on an identity based signcryption scheme proposed by Chen and Malone-Lee,an identity based proxy-signcryption scheme from pairings is proposed in this paper.The new scheme not only has the function of proxy signature scheme,but also has the advantage of identity based signcryption scheme.Only the intended recipient can recover the plaintext from the ciphertext,and the recipient can verify the validity of the proxy signature.As compared to the existing schemes,the new scheme provides both forward security and public verifiability.What's more,the new scheme is more convenient for application.


In 1921, a Canadian research team led by Frederick Banting and John Macleod succeeded in the isolation of insulin from pancreatic homogenate [...].


While the history of mobile communications is long [1–3], and the background of mobile networks thereby is also long, in this chapter we focus on the historic evolution in terms of network architecture and services starting with Second Generation (2G) mobile systems. In particular, we consider the development of the architecture of Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), since it is by far the most widespread mobile system in the world today. This will provide the basis to cover the introduction of Universal Mobile Telecommunication Services (UMTS) in relation to its Core Network (CN) and radio architectures. The latter will in turn serve as the platform to present UMTS radio-access technology, which is one of the aims of this book.


tions on Wednesday. There is accommodation in the hospital for four medical, six surgical, and two specialist (Gynaecology and Ophthalmology) resident pupils, who are provided with separate furnished rooms, with coal and gas, and also a comfortable common sitting-room for meals, which can be obtained at a reasonable rate. Fees.-Hospital practic?, nine months, 12 guineas; six mionths, 8 guiineas; three months, 5 guineas; Residence: Each three months, 10 guineas, which includes fee for hospital practice and certificate. A prospectus and particulars may be obtained from the Resident Surgeon at the hospital, or from William S. Ilaughton, M.D., Honorary Secretary, 30, Lower Fitzwilliam Street.


The invention discloses an in-situ online collection analysis meter for aerosol carbonaceous components and an operation method. The meter comprises a carrier gas path system and a sampling-analyzing gas path system. The carrier gas path system comprises a main He gas path, a He gas purging path, a He/Ox gas path and a He/CH4 gas path. The sampling-analyzing gas path system comprises a sampling and analyzing-oxidizing furnace and an analyzing gas path. The online collection analysis method sequentially comprises the steps of sampling, purging, OC analyzing, EC analyzing, methane quantifying, methane determining, meter cooling and standby. According to the meter, other structures except quartz film are not arranged in a laser light path, so the accuracy of the light path is guaranteed; cutting points are calibrated at the same time through transmission lasers and reflection lasers, and change in blackness of the film is reflected comprehensively; a valve body is designed to greatly lower the quantitative error of internal standard gas of methane, so the stability of the internal standard gas is guaranteed, and the accuracy of measured results of EC and OC is improved; the gas paths are designed to guarantee the singularity of components of carrier gas in the systems and the stability of the system background at the analysis phase.


Objective: To analyze the visual acuity of people ≥40 years of age in Beijing and visual impairment in their better eyes before and after refractive correcti on.Methods: In 2001,2471 people ≥40 years of age were examined in the city of Bei jing and 1980 were examined in the rural areas around Beijing. The logarithms of the minimal angles of resolution in visual acuity were measured before and afte r refraction. Visual impairment was defined as visual acuity in the better eye 0.3~≥0.05 and 0.5~≥0.1 by criteria defined by WHO and some countries in Eur ope and by America,respectively. Correctable visual impairment was defined as v isual impairment 0.3~≥0.05 or 0.5~≥0.1 in the better eye before refractive correction that improved to no impairment after correction(≥0.3 and ≥0.5,resp ectively). The population characteristics of correctable visual impairment wer e also determined.Results:By the criterion defined by WHO,10.20%(252/2471) of participants had correctable visual impairment,0.32%(8/2471) had noncorrectable visual impairme nt in the city,and 3.89%(77/1980) of participants had correctable visual impa i rment,0.76%(15/1980) had noncorrectable visual impairment in the rural area. A ccording to the criterion defined by the USA,14.41%(356/2471) of participants had correctable visual impairment,0.57%(14/2471) had noncorrectable visual imp airment in the city,and 7.73%(153/1980) of participants had correctable visual impairment,1.67%(33/1980) had noncorrectable visual impairment in the country . Age is the most important factor in determining correctable visual impairment.Conclusion: Undercorrected or uncorrected refractive error was an important caus e of visual impairment in middle-aged and older persons. The use of refractive correction to reduce visual impairment should be emphasized.


During the search for effective drugs and other bioactive compounds, attention is usually focused on specific activity stemming from the "receptor-like" interactions of small organic ligand molecules with a well-defined biological target (enzyme, receptor, etc.).1 The nature and strength of such int...


Background and aims his paper investigates the roles of retinal perfusion pressure and pulse pressure in progression to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy. Retinal perfusion pressure is dependent upon the systemic blood pressure and the intra-ocular pressure. We have examined the hypothesis that the early deleterious effect of hypertension on the retinal circulation which leads to perfusion pressure damage is due to a unique relationship between the intra-ocular pressure and the systemic blood pressure. Clinically this is manifest as hypertensive retinopathy and diabetic retinopathy.Materials and methods From a prospective database, data on all new patients with background diabetic retinopathy referred during a three year period (n=104) were analysed for progression to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy.Results Retinal perfusion pressure and pulse pressure were found to be the strongest predictors of progression to sight-threatening diabetic retinopathy (Chi Square linear trend statistic, relative...


This review describes current progress in answering these questions. The first section focuses on work on metallothionein gene transcription in a very simple eukaryote, the unicellular yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The ease of genetic manipulation of this organism has allowed cloning of the gene for the regulatory factor, to determine the basic mechanism of its activation and to begin studying MT gene regulation at the level of bioinorganic chemistry. The second section deals with MT gene regulation in mammals and fish. The cis-acting control sequences in these more complex higher organisms are now well defined and a good start has been made on the detection and purification of the regulatory factors. The final section takes a comparative look at MT gene regulation


Recent years have seen an emerging trajectory within the still relatively new field of the anthropology of science and technology. This has moved beyond a focus on different publics perception and engagement with new scientific developments (Irwin & Wynne 1996) towards an examination of the dynamic interface between publics and sciences (Heath 1998, Downey and Dumit 1997) and an interest in scientists and scientific knowledges practices themselves (Marcus 1995a, Rabinow 1999, Parry 2004, Hayden 2003). Legitimate areas of inquiry have increasingly come to include a diverse range of sites, practices, experiences and perceptions in examining technological innovation, institutional and political cultures, as well as questions of identity and identification among scientists themselves. These shifts have also been accompanied by innovations and experimentation with method.


Although aortic air embolism is relatively uncommon in extra-corporeal circulation practice, it is so catastrophic when it occurs that further investigation into its etiology, pathophysiology, prophylaxis, and treatment is necessary. Moreover, as it was emphasized by other authors, its frequency may be much greater than has been recognized, since very few of these accidents are likely to be reported. In instances in which an autopsy is not done, death may be attributed erroneously to heart disease or some other condition.2 The site of entrance of air determines its severity and distribution within the vascular system, and it is therefore extremely important. In arterial embolism, the brain is more affected than the coronary arteries because the air gains entrance through the carotid arteries to the brain. A small amount of air can effectively block medium sized vessels and the consequent results can be seen in various stages when only few milliliters of air enters the cerebrovascular network. In the arterial form, the clinical picture is dependent upon ischemia of vital organs, especially the brain. If the head is higher than the level of the aortic arch, air will enter the cerebral circulation and cause various neurological manifestations such as aphasia, blindness, hemiplegia or monoplegia. The fundus oculi examination may show air bubbles in the vessels which is of significant diagnostic value in such cases.


The invention relates to a punching forming method and die. The punching forming method comprises two machining procedures, wherein according to the first machining procedure, forming machining is carried out, the section of a panel material is machined to be in a W-shaped state from a linear state, and the angle between the side wall of a W-shaped workpiece and the horizontal direction ranges from 30 degrees to 60 degrees; according to the second machining procedure, a sidewise shaping working procedure is directly adopted, and a semi-finished product in the first machining procedure is machined to form a product shaped like a Chinese character 'ji'; in the debugging stage of a punched workpiece, springback debugging and modification are carried out on the basis of the second machining procedure according to actual springback data of the punched workpiece. According to the punching forming method and die, the problem that in the prior art, the quality defect of an arc-shaped surface of the side wall of a high-strength steel punched workpiece is serious is effectively solved, the number of the technological working procedures is reduced, and the die development cost is reduced.


close comparison of different steroids difficult. It was emphasized by Conway,3 for example, that the effects of desoxycorticosterone and cortisone on electrolyte and watet balance may be very similar, provided only that adequate doses of the latter are used. Indeed, Winter3 could show that a condition resembling diabetes insipidus can be produced by repeated administration of either compound, apparently, however, in some degree dependent on sodium intake: animals with low plasma sodium levels are, as reported by Hayes,3 unable to eliminate water at the usual rate even when adrenal cortical function is normal, while addition of salt to the diet raises the water exchange quite markedly. It has been suggested by Peters" and others that this diuretic effect is primarily due to the great thirst in sodium retention. If this were so all steroids which decrease sodium excretion should after continual administration in suitable amounts cause more water to be excreted. This has been claimed by Selye and Basset6 to occur with progesterone, but it does not seem to apply to oestrogens and androgens. Further work is obviously needed. Increased knowledge has also raised the question whether normal electrolyte and water excretion results from a balanced interaction of the adrenal cortex and the posterior pituitary. This theory, first formulated by Silvette and Britton, has acquired additional importance through recent findings by Gaunt, Birnie, and their collaborators8 9 that not only are adrenalectomized rats more sensitive to the posterior antidiuretic hormone (reported also by Lockett3 in adrenalectomized dogs), but that an antidiuretic substance found in the serum of normal rats is increased after adrenalectomy. This blood factor may indeed be of posterior pituitary origin, in view of Heller's3 report that with Ginsburg he has found a labile antidiuretic factor in the venous outflow from the head but not in blood obtained from other sites. The increase in sensitivity and rise in the antidiuretic titre of blood after adrenalectomy may conceivably be explainable on the basis of Birnie's'0 observation that the liver of adrenalectomized rats is less potent than that of normal animals in inactivating vasopressin. Be this as it may, the concept of a simple antagonism between adrenal and posterior pituitary must at present be approached with considerable caution. It is, in particular, unlikely to apply to the renal excretion of sodium and chloride (as recently suggested by Pitts and Sartorius") and certainly not to that of potassium. The excretion of potassium by the kidney is increased by both posterior pituitary 12 and adrenal cortical extracts, and it has now been shown that the antidiuretic action of vasopressin may occur without any rise in sodium and chloride elimination.1 It certainly does so in human beings.13 lt However, it would be reasonable to expect a regulatory response of the neurohypophysis to any major distortion of water metabolism resulting from adrenal insufficiency. The finding of Heller3 and Birnie and Heller,3 that the kidneys of infant rats begin to respond to posterior pituitary and to adrenal cortical extract at much the same period after birth, is per-haps a further hint at an adrenal-posterior-pituitary relationship.


Morel‐Lavallée lesions (MLL), also referred to as closed degloving injuries, result from traumatic shearing forces with separation of the subcutaneous fat from the underlying fascia. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence and treatment of MLLs at a level 1 trauma centre.


The utility model discloses a gluing machine for paper face, which comprises a rack, a motor, a glue groove used for containing glue, a gluing roller, a bearing plate and a paper removing piece. The gluing roller is arranged on the rack in a rotatable way and is connected with the output terminal of the motor. The gluing roller is arranged above the glue groove and the surface of the gluing roller is contacted with the liquid level of the glue. The bearing plate is supported on the rack and is arranged at one side of the gluing roller. The bearing plate guides paper to move towards the gluing roller. The paper removing piece is arranged on the rack and the rear end guides the paper to be separated from the surface of the gluing roller. The gluing machine for paper faces disclosed by the utility model has the advantages of simplicity in structure, convenience in operation and rapidness in gluing.


We have compared the response of proton and water transport to oxytocin treatment in isolated frog skin and urinary bladder epithelia to provide further insights into the nature of water flow and H ÷ flux across individual apical and basolateral cell membrances. In isolated spontaneous sodium-transporting frog skin epithelia, lowering the pH of the apical solution from 7.4 to 6.4, 5.5, or 4.5 produced a fall in pH~ in principal cells which was completely blocked by amiloride (50 ~.M), indicating that apical Na ÷ channels are permeable to protons. When sodium transport was blocked by amiloride, the H ÷ permeability of the apical membranes of principal cells was negiligible but increased dramatically after treatment with antidiuretic hormone (ADH). In the latter condition, lowering the pH of the apical solution caused a voltage-dependent intracellular acidification, accompanied by membrane depolarization, and an increase in membrane conduc-tance and transepithelial current. These effects were inhibited by adding Hg '÷ (100 o.M) or dicydohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD, 10-5 M) to the apical bath. Net titratable H ÷ flux across frog skin was increased from 30-+ 8 to 115 _ 18 neq-h-l-cm-~ (n = 8) after oxytocin treatment (at apical pH 5.5 and serosal pH 7.4) and was completely inhibited by DCCD (10-5 M). The basolateral membranes of the principal cells in frog skin epithelium were found to be spontaneously permeable to H ÷ and passive electrogenic H ÷ transport across this membrane was not affected by oxytocin. Lowering the pH of the basolateral bathing solution (pHb) produced an intraceUular acidification and membrane depolarization (and an increase in conductance when the normal dominant K ÷ conductance of this membrane was abolished by Ba 2÷ 1 mM). These effects of low pH b were blocked by micromolar concentrations of heavy metals (Zn 2÷, Ni ~÷, Co 2÷, Cd ~+, and Hg~+). Lowering pH b in the presence of oxytocin Address reprint requests to Dr. (50 mU/ml) produced a transepithelial current (3 p~A'cm-~ at pH b 5.5) which was blocked by 100 I~M of rig z+, Zn 2+, or Ni 2+ at the basolateral side, and by DCCD (10-~' M) or Hg 2+ (100 p~M) from the apical side. The net hydroosmotic water flux (JH~o) induced by oxytocin in frog bladder sacs was blocked by inhibitors of H+-adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase). Diethylstilbestrol (DES 10-5 M), oligomycin (10-~ M), and DCCD (10-~ M) preventedJH~o when present in the lumen. These effects cannot …


We have previously demonstrated that activation of cAMP‐dependent protein kinase (cAK) type I (cAKI, RIα2‐Cβ2) mediates the inhibitory effects of cAMP on T‐cell replication induced through the TCR/CD3 complex. In the present study we have investigated the effect of cAMP on T‐cell DNA synthesis, tyrosine phosphorylation of a 100 kDa protein (pp100) and IL2 mRNA expression, induced through stimulation of the TCR/CD3‐ and/or the CD28 molecules. Our results demonstrate that tyrosine phosphorylation of pp100 stimulated by anti‐CD3 is inhibited by cAMP both in the presence and absence of the phorbol ester PMA, and reflects the changes seen in IL2 mRNA expression and T‐cell replication. Combined stimulation with anti‐CD3 and anti‐CD28, which gives a synergistic response in T‐cell replication, gave pp100 phosphorylation and IL2 mRNA expression sensitive to cAMP‐dependent inhibition. When PMA was added in addition to anli‐CD3 and anti‐CD28, the inhibitory effect of cAMP on both T‐cell replication and pp100 phosphorylation was completely abolished. The fact that pp100 phosphorylation in response to TCR/CD3‐, CD28‐ and PMA stimulation and cAMP mediated inhibition are identical to the effects of the same stimuli on T‐cell proliferation, makes this protein an interesting candidate in downstream signalling from these receptors. In addition, our results are compatible with a model where cAMP, through activation of cAKI, eliminates both the PTK and PKC activating capability of the T‐cell receptor at a site(s) proximal to PKC activation. Furthermore, the CD28 molecule which activates PTKs, enters the PTK cascade at a point distal to the target(s) for cAKI action. Therefore, during CD28 signalling PKC activation can be achieved either by TCR/CD3 stimulation (inhibited by cAMP), or directly by PMA (not inhibited by cAMP)


ObjectiveTo study the help-seeking behavior before seeing psychiatrist and its related factors in schizophrenics. Methods114 schizophrenics and their guardians in Shantou region were surveyed with Questionnaire of Help-seeking Behavior Before Seeing Psychiatrist and Related Factors. ResultsThe irrelevant help-seeking behaviors were common in schizophrenics before they seeing psychiatrists.Superstitious or non-psychiatric treatments were often used after their first onset, and their help-seeking behaviors caused them a delay of about two years to get proper treatments. The factors influencing their help-seeking behaviors included local social culture, traditional ideas on mental disorders, the form of onset, the habitation and the lack of mental health knowledge in patients and their guardians.ConclusionTo establish effective consultation is helpful for schizophrenics to get early professional treatment.


The early Silurian in North Africa and Arabia was characterised by widespread deposition of organic-rich shales in palaeo-depressions. The unit represents an important hydrocarbon source rock in the region and can be detected easily in well logs because of strong uranium-related natural radiation. In exposures, however, organic matter is commonly heavily oxidised through weathering so that identification of the unit in the field is difficult. Uranium and pyrite framboids appear to be less vulnerable to weathering and may be used to identify intervals of originally organic-rich shales in exposures. Framboids are discrete spheroidal aggregates of pyrite microcrystallites and their size distribution is thought to be controlled by palaeo-depositional bottom-water redox-conditions. Analyses of fresh Silurian organic-rich shales from a core reveal a close correspondence, for the most part, between total organic carbon, total gamma-ray response, uranium content (as determined by spectral gamma-ray) and framboid parameters. Feasibility tests of the concept have been carried out at two exposures in southern Libya and may form the basis for improved Silurian organic-rich shale distribution maps and more precise age models for Silurian organic-rich depositional phases in northern Gondwana.


In most numerical simulations of fire growth and fire spread, pyrolysis models are required to calculate the reaction of the solid material to an incident heat flux. Important results of the pyrolysis model are the mass release rate of combustible pyrolysis gases and the surface temperature. In this paper an integral model is evaluated for the prediction of pyrolysis of charring materials. An existing integral model is extended with a finite and semi‐infinite cooling state. In this state both char and virgin material are present but the pyrolysis reactions have been interrupted due to insufficient heat supply. The results show that such a cooling state can occur in flame spread calculations. Simulations with the integral model are further compared with the results of a moving grid model, which has the same physical basis. Unlike the integral model, the moving grid model does not require any assumption for the temperature profile in the solid. The influence of the quadratic assumed temperature profile in the integral model on the accuracy of the predictions of the mass release rate of pyrolysis gases is evaluated for several cases. It is shown that the integral model has problems with sudden variations of the external heat flux. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Ceramic ware has been an indispensable tool in everyday life and work of craftsmanship that embodies elements of plastic arts throughout human history. It is Gangjin celadon's unique green that is particularly appreciated across the world. Therefore, the study of Gangjin celadon aims to cast light o...