A five-stage pipelined CPU based on the MIPs ISA is mapped to a self-timed logic family known as Phased Logic (PL). The mapping is performed automatically from a netlist of D-Flip-Flops and 4-input Lookup Tables (LUT4s) to a netlist of Phased Logic gates. Each PL gate implements a 4-input Lookup Table in addition to control logic required for the PL control scheme. PL offers a speedup technique known as Early Evaluation that can be used to boost performance at the cost of additional PL gates. Several different PL gate-level implementations are produced to explore different architectural tradeoffs using early evaluation. Simulations run for five benchmark programs show an average speedup of 1.48 over the clocked netlist at the cost of 17% additional PL gates.


Abstract : One hundred subjects were run on a foot-hand-eye coordination task. The apparatus used was a collator. It was set up as a simulator as well as the 'real' task. Twenty subjects (10 male and 10 female) were run in each of five conditions. Condition I - training on collating three pages then transferred to collating eight pages. Condition IA - trained on three pages then overtrained before transferring to eight pages. Condition II - trained on five pages then transferred to eight. Condition IIA - trained on five pages then overtrained before transferring to eight. Condition III - trained immediately on eight pages. For the males, overtraining degraded performance on the transfer trials. This was not true for the females. The closer the training was to the 'real' task (8 pagges) the poorer the performance of the males on the transfer performance. Overtraining males who reached criterion early in the initial training had the greater deleterious effect on the transfer trials when compared to those reaching criterion later. This was not true for the females. For the males, no prior training produced the best terminal performance on the transfer task. This was not true for the females. Some suggested explanations of the sex difference are given and some hypothesis are made concerning the optimal use of simulation training. (Author)


The natural resource exploitation industries in the Arctic are faced with very challenging operational conditions including: a short drilling season, remoteness, extreme cold temperatures most of the year, storms, icing, darkness in winter, changing sea-ice conditions, heavy fog, offshore operations in deep waters, and increased coastal erosion and permafrost thawing in the summer impacting land-based infrastructure (such as roads and buildings) by destabilizing foundations. Such destabilization of foundations could alone increase the cost of maintaining needed onshore infrastructure by tens to hundreds of billions of dollars in the decades to come for many of the Arctic countries – Russia, Canada and the United States (Alaska). In addition to operational challenges in the Arctic, significant logistical, technological and infrastructural problems remain to be resolved both to improve accessibility to natural resources and make extraction and transport of hydrocarbons and minerals a safer operation. Extraction of hydrocarbons in offshore areas of the Arctic Ocean with seasonal sea-ice coverage will require ice-class drill ships, icebreakers and new technology for wells and ice management that increase costs to the point where such areas are currently not viable for development. New technologies and proper infrastructure for safety, logistics and export could change this situation. Balancing commercial activity in the region with environmental protection will remain a significant challenge during the years to come. Similarly, several deficiencies in the current Arctic marine transport infrastructure have been identified that need to be overcome if the Arctic Ocean is to become widely used in the future as a transportation corridor and trade route between markets in Europe or North America and the Far East. These include improvements to all the main components of a proper


A database of 166 observations of galloping on single, twin, triple and quad bundle lines has been analyzed. The database is sufficiently detailed to define the variation of maximum amplitudes of galloping motion for single conductors in 50 to 450 m spans, and for twin and quad bundles in 200 to 450 m spans. Conventional design expectations are exceeded, for maximum galloping motions on short spans, and through the existence of single loop galloping on long spans. New proposals are presented for estimating the maximum galloping, motions for spans without galloping controls. The best fit numerical model for single conductors uses the peak to peak galloping amplitude over subconductor diameter, versus "conductor span parameter", the conductor diameter over the sag. The best fit model for bundle conductors uses the peak to peak galloping amplitude over subconductor diameter as a function of the "conductor span parameter".


Nine species of small passerines occurred in a coniferous plantation during winter. The number of species and individuals in the flocks were approximately linearly correlated. Certain species occurred almost only in the largest flocks. All species except one showed significant foraging preferences for certain tree species. Consequently woodland stands of different taxonomic composition supported partly different species constellations. Bird flock diversity was correlated with the number of tree and shrub species, with the structural complexity of the forest and, secondarily with the openness of the stand. Total forest diversification was quantified in terms of topoelements including both taxonomic and structural vegetational complexity. It is argued that these two factors and direct sociability play different roles for the different species forming the flocks. Multispecies flocks permit the formation of large groups for antipredator protection without causing too many individuals of a species to occur within a small area.


This research is conducted (1) To know how the effect of per capita income on public consumption in Banjarmasin ; (2) To know how CPI to public consumption In Banjarmasin.This researchh was conducted to measure the variables that influence the consumption pattern of society by using macro economic concept. Economic variables that investigated are income Per Capita and CPI from 2000-2016 by using multiple linear regression analysis.Based on hypothesis testing it can be seen that the influence of income of CPI consumption in the city of Banjarmasin positively and significantly influence public consumption expenditure. Keywords: Income, CPI, Consumption


The goal of the proposed paper is to determine the effect of the gatekeeping restrictions on the medical care utilization and expenditures, with the particular focus on its impact on referrals and specialist care use. I plan to use US panel survey data because unlike in the most European health care systems, in the US we can observe people both under gatekeeping and direct-access systems, contingent on their health insurance plan. The results should contribute to the ongoing policy-oriented debate on the necessity and efficiency of the health care rationing both in the US and Europe


The commenters maintain that the above-titled paper by A. Samelis and D, Pavlidis (ibid., vol.40, no.12, p.2374, Dec. 1992) seriously misrepresents their own work (ibid., vol.40, no.3, p.442, Mar. 1992), and they provide arguments countering the two statements to which they object. The original authors rebut the commenters' arguments. >


Students are active learners and creative, contextual learning to recognize the identity and act based on their interests, performing and interacting with the environment and study the system of meaning. Various learning to write in class XI vocational level indicates that it was found that students encounter conditions that are not in line with their needs. As a result of learning media is still limited, students are not getting the conditions for active and creative to be a writer. This journal is made to find an alternative solution to the problem of limited media use as a medium of learning to write short stories in class XI vocational level. Once implemented learning, students tend to be more active and creative in learning to write. The ability of students increased after the media used by the teacher As with learning media. The conclusion of this paper is that: (1) short story the media can be a solution to overcome the problem of learning to write in class XI vocational level, (2) media stories help teachers to improve students' skills in more active and creative writing, and (3) media stories to develop students to be active and creative writer.


Experiments were conducted at the Central Laboratory for Aquacultural Research to 1.) evaluate and compare the performance of established PD/A CRSP pond management systems to Egyptian pond management systems and 2.) to assess the economic potential of different tilapia pond culture systems. Five management practices —Traditional Egyptian, Enhanced Egyptian, Feed Only, Fertilization then Feed, and Chemical Fertilization— were tested in twenty 0.1-ha earthen ponds. Young-of-year Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) were stocked 20,000/ha and fingerling African catfish were subsequently stocked 60 fish/ha to prey on tilapia offspring. Water quality variables were analyzed weekly for 17 weeks. The Free-Water Diel curve method was used to determine primary productivity on six occasions. Dissolved oxygen was measured with a polarographic dissolved oxygen meter at depths of 5 cm, 25 cm, 50 cm, and 75 cm. Economic potential and profitability were also evaluated using Enterprise Budget Analysis. Fertilization then Feed, Traditional Egyptian, and Enhanced Egyptian treatments, in decreasing order, were more economically viable and produced the greatest gross fish yields, net returns, and average rates of return on capital. These treatments had the highest values of production per man-hour per kilogram of feed and per Egyptian pound. In addition, the treatments achieved the highest margins between average prices and breakeven prices to cover total variable costs of total costs. Production trial results and economic analyses demonstrated sufficient incentive for the expansion of intensified pond culture in Egypt.


: A new method for monitoring spinal motoneuron activities during fictive swimming in teleost fish was developed. Enamel-insulated copper wire electrodes were implanted in the trunk muscle of goldfish or carp. For each freely moving fish, an electromyogram (EMG) was recorded using the electrodes. In those fish paralyzed with curare, using the same electrode set, bursts of electrical activities consisted of spikes of smaller amplitude and of shorter duration compared with those recorded by EMG. Simultaneous recording of the extracellular activity and intracellular recording from the muscle revealed that the bursts of spikes recorded in the paralyzed fish were motor nerve impulses innervating the muscle and are considered to be fictive swimming activity. The method developed in the present study provides a useful tool with which to investigate neuronal mechanisms underlying swimming activity in teleost fish.


A ferences rend és a magyarság találkozásának lelki-szellemi hátterét a IV. lateráni zsinat és a "Szentföld eszme" adta. A zsinat megnyitásán III. Ince testi, spirituális és örök átmenetről beszélt, mely a Szentföld felszabadításával, a megtéréssel és a szentségek vételével valósul meg. Szent Ferenc ennek jegyében "átment" a Szentföldre, megtérése jeleként magára vette a "Taut", és buzdított a szentségek vételére. A zsinat által meghirdetett V. keresztes hadjárat vezetése II. András magyar királyra várt. A magyarok és a ferencesek találkozására öt alkalom kínálkozott. Az első 1212-ben, amikor Szent Ferenc Szíriába indulva Dalmáciába sodródott, a második a IV. lateráni zsinaton. A harmadik a Szentföldön adódhatott, ahol már 1217-től jelen voltak a ferencesek, de ugyanebben az évben érkezett Akkonba a magyar sereg is. Noha a király gyorsan haza utazott, egy kisebb magyar csapat, köztük Tamás egri püspök, ott maradt és részt vett Damietta ostromában is. Minthogy Szent Ferenc járt a Damiettát ostromló keresztesek táborában, Tamás püspök találkozhatott vele, vagy legalábbis hallott róla és testvéreiről. A negyedik érintkezési lehetőséget az Itáliában tanuló magyarok jelentették, a kapcsolat igazi felvétele azonban az volt, hogy a rend 1217-ben elhatározta, Magyarországra is küld testvéreket. Ennek nyomán az első, sikertelen megtelepedési kísérletet 1219re tesszük, Tamás egri püspökkel azonosítva a testvérek útiköltségét kifizető magyar püspököt. A testvéreket ért inzultusok, melyeket Iordanus említ, valószínűleg az Alföldön történtek. Noha ez a kísérlet sikertelen volt, ekkortájt léphetett be a rendbe az első név szerint ismert magyar, Abraham Hungarus, aki Itáliában tanuló magyar diák lehetett. I. The common ground: the 4th Lateran Council and the idea of the "Holy Land" Hardly anyone would deny today that the 4th Lateran Council had a decisive impact on the development of the Franciscan Order. For scholars of Hungarian history it is equally clear that this council was a most important event in the life of the Kingdom of Hungary and its Church. However, few scholars have yet reflected on the council as a possible first point of contact between the Order and Hungary. We would like to investigate how reasonable such a conclusion would be? The 12th ecumenical council was summoned for 1 November 1215 by Innocent III as a crowning event of his reign. The significance of this council is raised by the fact that among the 412 bishops Acta Pintériana 7. 2021. Előzetes, "In press" változat 2 and some 800 abbots we find representatives of countries that participated the first time in such an event: Bohemia, Poland, Hungary, Estonia, Latvia (cf. JEDIN 1998, p. 53), including 11 Hungarian prelates (cf. SZÁNTÓ 1983, p. 384). The council not only served as an opportunity for Franciscans and the Hungarian bishops to meet personally, but also provided a direction which united the efforts of both groups. The pope chose the "pasqua" or "passover" as the key metaphor for his opening speech (see the text in PL 217,673-680). He explained the "passover" in a threefold sense. Materially, an army would depart and cross over to liberate Jerusalem. Spiritually, all Christians should complete the passover of leaving their sins behind and entering a life of penance, and this would practically mean a reform of the Church. In the "eternal" sense, Christians should enter the new life by way of the sacraments, which meant a reform of Eucharistic practice. This orientation was consequently put into practice in various ways, even if Innocent III did not live to see the departure of the Crusades (cf. VORREUX 1977). We know that St. Francis was present at the council where the Legend of Perugia would report the approval and proclamation of the Order by the Pope. 1 Other sources do not mention this approval. According to the Chronica XXIV Generalium and other – Dominican and Premonstratensian – sources, Francis met here St. Dominic who was equally working on a papal approval of his group. 2 The speech of the pope deeply touched Francis and he fully accepted this orientation. He accomplished the "transitus" to the Holy Land in his own way. It is equally known that his use of the letter Tau and his emphasis of the Eucharist were clearly promoted by the pope's speech at the council. The first "Passover", according to the flesh, as Innocent III announced it, meant the departure of an army of Crusaders to liberate Jerusalem. Hungary joins the council program of the Pope by taking part in the military campaign under the leadership of King Andrew. Thus, the idea of the Holy Land may be considered the first spiritual link between Franciscans and Hungary. Let us not forget that not only a huge army, but a significant group of pilgrims also departed in 1217 from Hungary to Palestine (cf. BOZSÓKY 1995, p. 126). Two aspects are of particular importance for us in the fifth crusade. 1. The king of Hungary left from the Adriatic coast to arrive in Akkon during the autumn of 1217. After unlucky military efforts we find him again in Akkon on 1 January 1218. 2. Several of the prelates of Hungary accompanied the king to the Holy Land: Peter, bishop of Győr, Thomas, bishop of Eger, Robert, bishop of Veszprém, provost Ugrin, royal chancellor, and Uriah, abbot of the Benedictines of Pannonhalma. We note that the king himself asked the Pope for permission for bishops Peter and Thomas to be absent from the council while preparing the crusades, whereas bishop Robert and abbot Uriah were present at the council (cf. SUGÁR 1984, p. 63). Thomas of Eger certainly did not return together with the king but remained in the Holy Land with some troops and took part in the siege of Damiette. According to Bozsóky, Robert of Veszprém, Peter of Győr and Simon, bishop of Várad later returned to Palestine and the latter two fell at Damiette (cf. BOZSÓKY 1995, pp. 136-137). 3 1 "Ipse approbavit et concessit sibi et postea in concilio omnibus annuntiavit" (Legenda Perusina 67,8). 2 "Anno Domini MCCXV tempore Concilii Generalis beatus Franciscus Romam adiit et sanctum Dominicum, qui ibi tunc erat pro sui Ordinis approbatione, repperit, quem Dei ostensa visio sibi favorabilem fecit" (Chronica XXIV Generalium in AF III, 9; see also CLARENUS 1912, pp. 6, 16, 101). 3 Chronicles also speak about two Hungarian bishops who died at Damiette (see the Annales Reinhardsbrunnenses in GOMBOS 1937a, p. 192); and also the Chronica S. Petri Erfordensis moderna in GOMBOS 1937a, p. 471). Acta Pintériana 7. 2021. Előzetes, "In press" változat 3 The Hungarian troops under the command of Simon joined the Crusaders at Damiette in May 1218. As it is known, three battles were fought during the long siege, with a crushing defeat on 29 August. Papal legate Pelagius refused the proposal of the Sultan for a peace, and the fortress was taken on 5 November 1219 at great costs, only to be given up after a short time (cf. BOZSÓKY 1995, pp. 100-103). 4 It is important that Thomas, bishop of Eger only left on 14 September 1219 for Hungary, 5 which means he arrived early 1220 in his country. In the meantime, the first Franciscan friars appeared in the Near East due to the chapter decision in 1217. The Order was organized into provinces, and friars were sent also to "overseas", i.e. to the Holy Land, with Elia of Cortona as the first minister. 6 In 1219 Saint Francis himself went to the Holy Land. 7 He boarded the ship at Ancona on 24 June, arrived in Akkon and reached Damiette in late August. We have the story of prophecying the defeat of 29 August. As it fulfilled, Crusaders were inclined to do penance. 8 This may have led many of them to join Saint Francis. 9 The encounter between Francis and Sultan Melek el-Kamil at this time can be considered a well-established fact. After the occupation of Damiette, 10 however, he left the troops to visit the shrines. News from Italy made him leave Palestine in December 1219 or later (cf. BALANYI 1927, p. 318). 11 II. Possibilities of a first contact This account presents us an important spiritual issue that occupied both the Kingdom of Hungary and the Franciscan Order at that time. It is to be noted that Hungary was an influential region of the Christian world at this time so the participation of Hungary in these "European" issues was obvious for the contemporaries, a circumstance sometimes forgotten in our days. In chronological order, the first opportunity for Hungarians to meet Saint Francis might have been, in theory, in 1212 when Francis is reported by Celano to have reached the Dalmatian coasts in a storm (cf. 1Cel 55 in Fontes Franciscani 1995, p. 329.). Karácsonyi and after him Balanyi believe that Francis touched land at Zara where he founded a friary (cf. KARÁCSONYI 1923, pp. 6-7; BALANYI 1927, pp. 273-274). I prefer not to pronounce any judgement on this, as recent Croatian historical works only mention this in passing (cf. MIRKOVIĆ & HOŠKO 2000, p. 12; HOŠKO 2000, p. 18). 12 It goes against the hypothesis of Francis having founded a friary at this time that the friars sent to Hungary in 1217 or 1219 would have had more success in their mission had they found in Zara a 4 Proposing 19 November as the date of conquering of Damiette by the Crusaders. 5 We read in CODAGNELLUS in GOMBOS 1937b, p. 1297: "In exaltatione sanctae crucis [a. 1219. Sept. 14] Romanorum princeps et episcopus Ungariae [Thomas Agriensis] patriam rediderunt." 6 "Frater autem Helias minister provincialis est institutus ultra mare a beato Francisco" (Chronica fratris Iordani a Iano in AF I, p. 4); about Franciscan beginnings see also PANDŽIĆ 1974, pp. 7-8. 7 We took the dates for the journey of Francis in the Holy Land from the detailed account in BALANYI 1927, pp. 305-318; see also ORTROY 1912, pp. 451-462. 8 "Urgebat ergo sanctum de ipsis compassio, nec minus eos poenitudo de facto" (2Cel 30,13 in Fontes Franciscani 1995, p. 471). 9 We know the account of Jacques de Vitry, Epist. IV. listing the persons who le


The language pedagogy literature stresses the importance o f the quality of second/foreign language teaching/learning in learners' acquisition, development of communicative competence, or both. The change literature equally emphasizes the importance o f the quality o f innovation in change audience's resolution to reconceptualize current practices and espouse the new practice being advocated. Both literatures underline the need to use multiple research strategies in order to depict the product and process of learning and/or shifting experiences. To contribute to the educational literature in these areas, the present research incorporated two different but interrelated studies. Study One utilized both betweenand within-method approaches (Denzin, 1978) to investigate the (ineffectiveness of cooperative consciousness-raising, an innovative teaching practice, to affect English as a foreign language learners' pragmatic competence in the target language as compared to a traditional method of English instruction. This (ineffectiveness was measured by means o f researcher-designed two-part English Achievement Test and five-point-Likert type Student and Teacher Attitude Questionnaire instruments. Results o f / test analysis o f quantitative data obtained from the responses o f 28 out o f the initial 40 students in the cooperative consciousness-raising group and 27 out o f the 40 initial students in the traditional group indicated that the former scored significantly better than the latter in the three American English requestive behavior abilities being assessed. Qualitative data obtained support the quantitative findings. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Results o f / test analysis obtained from the ratings of 14 Student Questionnaire items by 18 available students in the experimental group and of IS questionnaire items by their English teacher showed that students* attitudes toward the cooperative consciousness-raising teaching practice, compared to the traditional method of instruction, were significantly more positive. Similarly, statistical analysis results obtained from teacher ratings of 7 Teacher Questionnaire items indicated that the English teacher's attitude toward the new practice was more positive than toward her traditional teaching method. Qualitative data obtained from rating justifications indicated that these informants' more favorable attitudes toward the innovative teaching practice were connected to four interrelated categories including cognitive, affective, social, and general An investigation of school personnel's reactions to the introduction of the cooperative consciousness-raising teaching practice in Study Two revealed that their resolution to embrace it was not solely informed by its technical effectiveness. The four interconnected major themes that emerged from both outsider and insider perspectives of data analyses and interpretations indicated the critical role played by a complex interplay among their social and personal reality systems in decision making, shifting change process, or both. It was concluded that the cooperative consciousness-raising teaching practice is more technically-sound than the traditional method of instruction. The innovation technical rationale is essential to arouse change audience's concerns about their teaching Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. practices and help them engage in the innovation adoption. Equally critical is its social soundness in order to better assist individual targets o f change in their personal growth. Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.


We report, for the first time, simultaneous two‐dimensional observations of 630‐nm airglow depletions and radar backscatter from field‐aligned irregularities (FAI) associated with equatorial plasma bubbles. Spatial distributions of backscatter were obtained by performing east‐west scans with the 47‐MHz Equatorial Atmosphere Radar (EAR) in West Sumatra, Indonesia. A 630‐nm airglow depletion, caused by a plasma bubble, was simultaneously observed with an all‐sky airglow imager. Both the airglow depletion and backscatter region appeared as band‐like structure elongated in the meridional direction with a zonal width of about 100 km. To compare the spatial structures of backscatter with that of airglow depletion, the backscatter was projected onto a horizontal plane at 250‐km altitude. Backscatter was found to occur within the entire airglow‐depleted region.


Coupled-inductor boost converters are under development for high-current, high-power applications ranging from automotive fuel cells to photovoltaics. In order to operate over the full load range of a dc-dc converter, the implemented controller must be capable of maintaining stability in both Continuous-Conduction Mode (CCM), and Discontinuous-Conduction Mode (DCM). This paper presents the development of a digital Type II compensator, implemented in the inner loop of an average-current-mode-control scheme. Two different Type II compensators are designed; one for CCM operation, and the other for DCM operation. Finally, a novel method called Forced-Output Control is implemented in order to greatly reduce the transient which would normally occur when switching compensators mid-operation. The Type II compensators and Forced-Output Control scheme are verified experimentally from a 1 kW coupled-inductor boost converter prototype.


An infinite class of integer valued matrices of unbounded size and of arbitrary dimensions is presented here as a generalization of the so-called excess-matrix associated with a particular cellular automaton. These matrices are constructed through a recursive arithmetical procedure, and show an intricate fractal-like distribution of integers. The elements in these matrices have a number theoretical interpretation which is directly related to a proper number-base representation of the coordinates of the element. These excess-matrices exhibit numerical and symbolical self-similarities under agglomerating and decimating coarse-graining operations, and under so-called disguising transformations.


The share of renewable energy in the overall production of electricity has been increasing in recent years. However, there are worries that increase in share of solar and wind power could destabilize the grid owing to their being intermittent resources. We explore the impact of a Time of Use (TOU) retail pricing in a capacitated and deregulated electricity market that is supplied from a finite mix of intermittent renewable and steady non-renewable resources. Our modelling attempts to address a research void by considering both demand (retail) and supply (renewable energy) as variable. An efficient feed-in-tariff (FIT) as identified in literature, where the FIT is linked to the wholesale price, is considered for energy procured from renewable sources. The FIT so considered ensures that that demand is met first by electricity from renewable sources, which is in line with sustainable energy arguments. Through a set of experiments the TOU retail pricing is compared with fixed retail pricing. Our models and the numerical experiments reinforce the existing literature that increasing share of renewable energy reduces energy prices under both pricing schemes. Our experiments indicate that with increasing share of renewable energy, and demand and supply uncertainties, TOU retail pricing results in higher meeting of demand, higher expected revenues for the energy firms and higher utilization of non-renewable supply. Our experiments also indicate that fall in prices that occurs as a consequence of increasing share of renewable energy is lesser in TOU pricing compared to fixed pricing, which makes it less disadvantageous to existing non-renewable energy suppliers and potential investments in non-renewable energy. Through these results and arguments we conclude that TOU retail pricing is superior to fixed retail pricing in the context of increasing share of renewable energy, and uncertainties in demand and supply.


We present observations of compound flux rope formation, which occurred on 2014 January 1, via merging of two nearby filament channels, the associated dynamics, and its stability using multiwavelength data. We also discuss the dynamics of cool and hot plasma moving along the newly formed compound flux rope. The merging started after the interaction between the southern leg of the northward filament and the northern leg of the southward filament at ≈01:21 UT and continued until a compound flux rope formed at ≈01:33 UT. During the merging, the cool filament plasma heated up and started to move along both sides of the compound flux rope, i.e., toward the north (≈265 km s−1) and south (≈118 km s−1) from the point of merging. After traveling a distance of ≈150 Mm toward the north, the plasma cooled down and started to return back to the south (≈14 km s−1) after ≈02:00 UT. The observations provide a clear example of compound flux rope formation via merging of two different flux ropes and the occurrence of a flare through tether cutting reconnection. However, the compound flux rope remained stable in the corona and had a confined eruption. The coronal magnetic field decay index measurements revealed that both the filaments and the compound flux rope axis lie within the stability domain (decay index <1.5), which may be the possible cause for their stability. The present study also deals with the relationship between the filament's chirality (sinistral) and the helicity (positive) of the surrounding flux rope.


Objective. This study examined knowledge, access, utilization, and barriers to use of resources among Black women exposed to multiple types of intimate partner violence in Baltimore, Maryland and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI). Methods. We analyzed quantitative survey data collected by 163 women recruited from primary care, prenatal or family planning clinics in Baltimore and the USVI. In addition we analyzed qualitative data from in-depth interviews with 11 women. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and qualitative data were analyzed using thematic analysis. Results. A substantial proportion of Black women with multiple types of violence experiences lacked knowledge of, did not have access to, and did not use resources. Barriers to resource use were identified at the individual, relationship, and community levels. Conclusion. There is need for programs to develop awareness, promote access and utilization of resources, and eliminate barriers to resource use among abused Black women.


With the expansion of internet of things (IoT), the IP‐based network architecture has been difficult to support the development of IoT. Content‐centric mobile networking (CCMN) models are based on naming the content to get rid of address‐space scarcity, caching the content at intermediate nodes to provide efficient data delivery, which can solve the development bottleneck of IoT. The in‐network caching is a key factor to enable practical deployments of CCMN. And it is also subject to serious security threats of cache pollution attacks (CPA), which can tamper the distribution of content and reduce the advantages of built‐in cache. In addition, the identity and trust mechanism of mobile devices are also important factors hindering the deployment of CCMN. However, existing caching security mechanisms cannot be applied directly, because the features of the built‐in cache, including ubiquity, mobility, and heterogeneity, bring new challenges on designing the caching security mechanism against CPA. In this article, we propose a lightweight CPA detection and defense approach for CCMN. We first model the attack and defense process of CPA as a dynamic game, which can optimize the performance of the attack detection. Then, we adopt popularity analysis to detect CPA, and accurately estimate the current network and attack state by a logical regression algorithm. Our design can also intelligently maintain the identity and trust mechanism. Finally, we design a punishment mechanism to deal with the attackers. Extensive simulations demonstrate that our approach can detect CPA efficiently, mitigate the impact of CPA effectively. Our game model can reduce the impact of locality‐disruption attack and false‐locality attack by 60% and 30%, respectively, compared with the state‐of‐the‐art methods. When the game reaches Nash equilibrium, our model can reduce the impact of CPA on cache hit ratio by 55% on average.


Marine macro algae have a long history of use as food and folk medicine in Asia, but are much less common in Europe and North America. In recent years, there is increasing interest in the search for naturally occurring compounds with antioxidant activity as alternatives to synthetic products. Aquatic algae are also a rich source of natural antioxidants (Duan XJ, Li XM, Wang et al 2007). They are excellent source of biologically active phytochemicals, which include carotenoids, phycobilins, fatty acids, polysaccharides, vitamins, sterols, tocopherol, and phycocyanins among others. Many of these compounds have been recognized to possess biological activity and hence beneficial for use in human and animal healthcare (Gamal, guven et al 2010)


In this paper, we consider the 3D beamforming with Multi-Active Multi-Passive (MAMP) antenna arrays. For the optimization of the hybrid array's active elements' (AEs) weights and passive elements' (PEs) loads, we propose a novel algorithm, i.e., the alternating optimization - stochastic 3D beamforming algorithm (AO-S3DBA). The scheme is built on a generalized cost function and alternates between the optimization of the loads and weights. Despite the dramatic increase in data points, we managed to decrease the algorithm's complexity by employing Adam, a popular accelerator for stochastic optimization, for the update of the optimization variables. We present simulation results, where the proposed MAMP array can successfully emulate the beam of a uniform rectangular array (URA) with the use of 50% less AEs and with beam steering capabilities towards various azimuth and elevation directions. We believe that this newly proposed type of hybrid transceiver offers a good trade-off between cost and performance, which can be particularly useful in many industrial and Internet-of-Things (IoT) applications, where the deployment of a large number of transceivers / sensors directly affects the application's total cost.


Abstract: Boettgerilla pallens Simroth, 1912 is reported for the first time in the United States. Identification was based on combined morphological and molecular data (mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase I and 16S rRNA sequences) of a specimen collected in a retail garden center in northern California. We provide some background information on the biology and ecology of the slug and discuss the pest status of the species.


Today's form of life is under the moral pressure of the ecological footprint. Francis offers us a form of life which is more spiritual and liturgical. In effect, however, this spiritual and liturgical form of life has a minimal ecological footprint.


Objectives. We investigated the cognition and application of the "Evaluation System of Traditional Chinese Medicine Clinical Evidence" among populations with disparate backgrounds. Methods. We performed an online survey using a self-designed questionnaire. Results. Of 307 returned questionnaires, 284 were noted to be valid, and the effective recovery rate was 92.5%. Our analyses showed that the respondents demonstrated a better understanding of clinical evidence-based evaluation systems and that they used these occasionally. For both the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) evidence evaluation systems, the respondents generally showed poor overall understanding, rendering the systems impractical. Among the respondents who were exposed to the existing evidence evaluation system for TCM. More than 70% of the respondents remarked that it was difficult to obtain high-quality evidence using any existing methods to evaluate TCM clinical evidence, that there was a lack of clear evaluation criteria, and that it was difficult to grasp the evaluation process. Conclusions. The evaluation systems of TCM clinical evidence have gained a certain degree of recognition among practitioners, who show a great willingness to use it, but practical applications are limited. In addition, it is also expected that an evaluation system would be more in line with the clinical characteristics of TCM.


This study is to propose an improved R&D (Research and Development) earned value management execution model for large scale national R&D...


Security is one of the most challenging issues in our day to day activities life. Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is an infra structure less, wireless and open medium. One of the main challenges here is self-organizing and self-healing network which causes the dynamic topology, it doesn't have any central infrastructure; also it is very much affected while transmitting the data. While forwarding the data from sender node to receiver node, there may be a packet loss during transmission this is called as "Black Hole Attack". To overcome this, we are proposed a solution method called "Dual Cryptography Technique with secure Shell Protocol" which will help to secure the data with dual encryption and decryption algorithm with better result from the existing approaches. By using our technique, the security is safe and secure in order to gain confidentiality, availability and data integrity.


Energy-neutral operation (ENO) aims to provide near-perpetual device operation using energy harvested from ambient environments. Existing ENO techniques, however, have two key problems. The batteries used in harvesting devices have inherently limited lifespans, and the device experiences a long cold-start time when charging the battery. In this paper, we propose a long-lasting and highly responsive batteryless system, called RENO, to solve the problems that occur in energy harvesting devices. Using a supercapacitor to store energy, RENO maximizes the responsiveness in ENO especially running in dynamic harvesting environments such as indoor light energy harvesting. Combining the intermittent characteristics of power-neutral operation (PNO), RENO allows dual-mode operation of PNO and ENO, depending on the current harvesting capability. The device works as a PNO device when charging the energy storage, solving the ENO cold-start issue, while the harvested energy is efficiently managed with ENO. For this dual-mode operation, RENO provides hardware and software that handle the switch between PNO and ENO effectively. Application developers are provided with a well-defined API, which enables energy-efficient development of applications without detailed knowledge of the target hardware. Using the API, developers simply declare a task to be executed as either PNO or ENO, and the rest is handled by the system. The prototype system is implemented, and its functionality is evaluated in controlled environments. We also validate the proposed system with two real-world applications, proving the efficacy of dual-mode batteryless operation.


The cell envelope-associated proteinases from Lactococcus lactis subsp. cremoris H2 (a P,-type proteinaseproducing strain) and SKII (a P111-type proteinase-producing strain) both actively hydrolyze the K-casein component of bovine milk but with significant differences in the specificity of peptide bond hydrolysis. The peptide bonds Ala-23-Lys-24, Leu-32-Ser-33, Ala-71-Gln-72, Leu-79-Ser-80, Met-95-Ala-96, and Met-106Ala-107 were cleaved by both proteinase types, although the relative rates of hydrolysis at some of these sites were quite different for the two proteinases. Small histidine-rich peptides were formed as early products of the action of the cell envelope-associated proteinases on K-casein, implicating this casein as a possible significant source of histidine, which is essential for starter growth. The major difference between the two proteinase types in their action on K-casein was in their ability to cleave bonds near the C-terminal end of the molecule. The bond Asn-160-Thr-161 and, to a lesser extent, the bond Glu-151-Val-152 were very rapidly cleaved by the P,,,-type proteinase, whereas hydrolysis of these bonds by the P,-type proteinase was barely detectable (even after 24 h of digestion). Differential hydrolysis of K-casein at these sites by the two different proteinase types resulted in the formation of distinctive, high-M, products detectable by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The K-casein cleavage patterns revealed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis provide a diagnostic basis for recognizing differences in proteinase specificity and have been used to identify Plor P,,,-type and P,/P1,, intermediate-type proteinases from several different lactococcal strains.


The hematological and molecular-genetics analyses of patients with suspected β-thalassemia were done by the RDBH StripAssay. The complete blood evaluation (HB, MCH, MCV, MCHC, RBC, Hct, HbA2, HbF), monitoring of serum iron and ferritin, molecular analysis--RDBH (Reverse Dot-Blot Hybridization StripAssay) were done. Two persons were carriers of the beta-thalassemic trait as β+ thalassemia minor IVS1-5(G > > C)/wt. Mutation IVS1-5 (G > C) in the compound with a mutation IVS1-110 (G > A) or mutation IVS1-6 (T > C) determines the development of β-thalassemia intermedia. RDBH-method is easy and economical method in molecular diagnosis of β-thalassemia, if hematological parameters are incorrect.


1. America in 1960: Blacks and Women on the Eve of Social Revolution 2. The Kennedy Presidency and Black Civil Rights, 1960-1962 3. The Segregated Civil Rights Bills of 1963 for Women and Blacks 4. Lyndon Johnson and The Civil Rights Act of 1964 5. The Watershed of 1965: From the Voting Rights Act to "Black Power" 6. The EEOC and the Politics of Gender 7. Race, Affirmative Action, and Open Housing, 1965-1968 8. The Nixon Presidency: Domestic Policy and Divided Government 9. The Philadelphia Plan and the Politics of Minority Preference 10. The "Color-Blind" Constitution and the Federal Courts 11. Women, the Nixon Administration, and the Equal Rights Amendment 12. The Consolidation of 1972 13. The Rights Revolution and The American Administrative State Further Reading Glossary of Organizations Endnotes


It has long been recognised that acute purulent meningitis may produce brain swelling, brain stern hemiation and death before antibiotic therapy can interrupt the rapidly progressing inflammatory reaction (1). In such cases the .child is at risk from LP induced coning as weIl as from the effect of raised pressure per se on the brain stern. Conventional clinical practice demands that CSF is obtained, at the time of lumbar puncture, when an open-ended manometric method of measuring pressure by allowing CSF to find its level in a capillary tube is standard practice. The aim ofthis paper is two-fold: firstly a description ofa method of objectively measuring CSF pressure with a non-fluid displacing strain gauge transducer at the time of lumbar puncture, and secondly to report the effect of osmotic diuretic agents on any elevated pressure measured.


We have developed a 0.14THz wireless link with 10Gbit/s data rate. Terahertz signal is generated and detected by Schottky diode superheterodyne transmitter and receiver. 16QAM high order digital modulation/demodulation has been successfully applied in IF signal processing, which works with non real time software method and could improve the spectrum efficiency and carrier noise rate (CNR). The system has successfully transmitted 10Gbit/s data rate signal over 0.5km with bit error rate (BER)<10−6, CNR>35dB. The maximum transmission distance is estimated to be about 1.5km.


aWuya College of Innovation, Key Laboratory of Structure-Based Drug Design & Discovery, Ministry of Education, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China bDepartment of Pathology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, United States cSchool of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China


When, why, and how will political elites politicize issues related to international trade in the domestic political sphere? We argue that the welfare effects and complexity of a state's international trade policies affect the degree to which political elites will bring issues related to international trade into domestic discussions, as well as the way those discussions of trade are framed. Political elites are more likely to discuss international trade, in general, when the welfare effects of their state's trade policies are greater. Moreover, when a state's trade policies are more complex, political elites on the left are more likely to frame their discussions by highlighting the need for protectionist measures, while political elites on the right are more likely to frame their discussions by highlighting the benefits of free trade. We test this argument by analyzing the discussions of international trade put for by political elites in their party platforms. The results show that the welfare effects and complexity of a state's trade policies affect when, why, and how elites discuss international trade in the domestic political sphere. We conclude by highlighting the implications these results have for future research focusing on the creation of trade policies.


In this paper, a new algorithm for multiple maneuvering target tracking is proposed. The proposed algorithm which is based on separating the multiple maneuvering target tracking into three parts-the data association, the estimation of the single target dynamic model and the estimation of the single target tracking subproblems conditional on the data association and the target dynamic model. Where the data assciation subproblem can be solved by the fuzzy data assciation, the single target dynamic model by the Rao-Blackwellized particle filter (MMRBPF) and the single target tracking by Kaiman filter or extend Kaiman filter. Finally, the experiment results show that the proposed algorithm can effectively track multiple manuvering targets.


On basis of reviewing previous literature concerning context,this article discusses the role played by three types of contexts in deciding the meaning of words.It concludes that all three contexts should be taken into consideration in translation.


Abstract The usually-held notion that monolayer graphene, a centrosymmetric system, does not allow even-harmonic generation when illuminated at normal incidence is challenged by the discovery of a peculiar effect we term the dynamical centrosymmetry breaking mechanism. This effect results in a global pulse-induced oscillation of the Dirac cones which in turn produces second harmonic waves. We prove that this result can only be found by using the full Dirac equation and show that the widely used semiconductor Bloch equations fail to reproduce this and some other important physics of graphene. These results clear the way for further investigation concerning nonlinear light-matter interactions in a wide range of two-dimensional materials admitting either a gapped or ungapped Dirac-like spectrum.


In this paper we systematically study the double-layer vortex lattice model, which is proposed to illustrate the interplay between the physics of a fast rotating Bose-Einstein condensate and the macroscopic quantum tunneling. The phase diagram of the system is obtained. We find that under certain conditions the system will exhibit a phase transition which is a consequence of the competition between interlayer coherent hopping and the interlayer density-density interaction. In one phase the vortices in one layer coincide with those in the other layer. In another phase two sets of vortex lattices are staggered, and as a result the quantum tunneling between two layers is suppressed. To obtain the phase diagram we use the quantum Hall mean field and Thomas-Fermi mean field theories. Two different criteria for the transition taking place are obtained, which reveals some fundamental differences between these two mean-field states. The sliding mode excitation is also discussed.


Abstract Independent monitor unit verification (MUV) methods for the dynamic beam‐flattening (DBF) technique have not been established. The purpose of this study was to clarify whether MU values for the DBF technique can be calculated using in‐air and in‐water output ratios (S c and S cp). S c and S cp were measured in the DBF mode, and the phantom scatter factor (S p) was calculated. The difference between calculated and planned MUs with square and rectangle fields and clinical plans for different treatment sites was also evaluated. S c values for the 4 × 4 to 24 × 24 cm2 fields of the distal multi‐leaf collimator (MLC) layer at 2‐cm intervals were 0.887, 0.815, 0.715, 0.716, 0.611, 0.612, 0.511, 0.373, 0.374, 0.375, and 0.374, respectively. No collimator exchange effect was observed. S c also depends slightly on the field size of the distal MLC layer. If the distal‐MLC‐layered field size was less than 20% of the corresponding MLC sequence size in the proximal MLC layer, S c was affected by >1%, which was compensated using a correction factor (CF). S p increased as the field sizes of the MLC sequence and distal MLC leaves increased. MUs calculated using measured S c, S p, and CF for square and rectangle fields agreed with planned MUs within ±1.2%. A larger difference (−1.5%) between calculated and planned MUs was observed for clinical plans, whereas differences in MUs were within 2 MU for most fields (56 out of 64 fields). MU calculation for the DBF technique can be performed with S c, S p, and CF for independent MUV.


Merilyn P. Juacalla and Benny B. Juacalla. Laguna State Polytechnic University, Sta. Cruz, Laguna, Philippines . ...................................................................................................................... Manuscript Info Abstract ......................... ........................................................................ Manuscript History Received: 09 September 2018 Final Accepted: 11 October 2018 Published: November 2018


In this work we present a PFG‐SE technique to obtain the a characteristic time for molecular exchange between domains with slow diffusion and domains with fast diffusion. The method has been demonstrated by measuring the change of exchange time with temperature for a sedimented yeast cell suspension. Compared to previous methods the new protocol is more sensitive to exchange and as few as 40 data points are needed. The experimental time needed is thus a couple of minutes.


W orkplace-based assessments (WBA) are an essential component in the portfolio of evidence of learning for all postgraduate trainees. They are assessments for learning rather than assessments of learning. They are tools for structuring observation, supervision and initiating feedback. Training has seen great change with a reduction in the time trainees spend with their trainers. This has seen the erosion of supervision and feedback from experts, which is essential for effective learning. My hope, and a view shared by my peers, is that the use of such tools would regain much of this lost interaction and so improve our training.


We present a new greedy algorithm for detecting stationary targets from radar returns. Modulated Discrete Prolate Spheroidal Sequences (DPSS's) form an efficient basis for sampled bandpass signals. In each step of an iterative algorithm, we use a modulated DPSS basis to cancel nearly all of the target return corresponding to previously selected targets. With this basis, we improve upon the target detection sensitivity of a Fourier-based technique.


Abstract An international collaborative research program has been undertaken to investigate the geometrical design, materials selection and the loading environment of various critical structural members of Load-Haul-Dump (LHD) mining machines manufactured in the Ukraine. Using advanced experimental strain analysis techniques, finite element analysis and computational lifing software (nCode-FATIMAS), the observed premature fatigue failures of the bucket and boom assemblies of these machines were confirmed and recommendations for improving the life were proposed.


This paper focuses on the problem of Logistics distribution route optimization in peach products transport, which is a key step in the peach products producing. The logistics distribution route optimization problem can be converted as a graph model, and the final objective of this paper is to minimize the costs in the peach products transport. Particularly, the main innovation of this paper lies in that an improved ant colony algorithm is used to tackle the logistics distribution route optimization problem. Afterwards, using the proposed ant colony algorithm, the optimal logistics distribution route can be determined. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of our algorithm, we design a simulation scheme, in which three types of vehicles and boxes are utilized. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively reduce the cost of the peach products transport.


A walking model with humanoid robot RH-2 can perform distinctive assignments in a joint control by using various controller methodologies are presented in this paper. The human-robot coordinated control has a regular framework for the human-robot association. In human-robot, we are using the linear and nonlinear control systems to control the single inverted pendulum. In humanoid stride is frequently displayed with different forms of the modified pendulum, for example, 2D and 3D linear reversed pendulums. A human-robot is using the direct control system for using trial and error method using with PID controller and neural network based PID controller under different working conditions. Intelligent control systems have many advantages over basic controllers. They provide a high adaption to changing conditions and have the ability to make decisions quickly by processing imprecise information. Also, they can perform perfectly even with non-linearity. In this work, the artificial neural network (ANN) technique will be utilized for control of the robot leg model.


The ordinary concept of derivative (primitive) of order n has been extended from (v = n) (v = —n) a positive (negative) integer n IN to fractional or complex v differintegration operators applied to real [1, 2], complex [3, 4] and generalized [5, 6] functions. We recall (sec. 1) the definition of Liouville (Riemann) differintegration Dv (dv ) of an analytic function (function with one branch-point), and use the corresponding rules of derivation with complex order to solve (sec. 2) a class of linear fractional integro-differential equations with constant (power) coefficients: this leads to some results on the number of roots of a class of relations between Gamma functions (sec. 7). We proceed to compare the rules of differintegration in the Liouville and Riemann systems, and to introduce (sec. 3) a branch-point derivative δ P–v which annihilates the Liouville derivative Dv for all non-integer v e C — Z and integer p e Z. We review (sec. 4) the generalization of Taylor's, Laurent's, Lagrange's and Teixeira'...


In medical magnetic resonance imaging, parallel radio frequency excitation pulses have to respect a large number of specific absorption rate constraints. Geometrically, each of these constraints can be interpreted as a complex, centered ellipsoid. We propose to replace a collection of such constraints by the single constraint which corresponds to the associated maximum volume inscribed ellipsoid and implies all original constraints. We describe how to compute this ellipsoid via convex programming. Examples show that this reduction has very short computation times but cuts away parts of the feasible power domain.


During the last three decades, plant cell, tissue, and organ culture have developed rapidly and become a major biotechnology tool in agriculture, horticulture, forestry, and industry. Many problems in conventional breeding techniques were solved via tissue culture techniques. Plant tissue culture technique permits the growing plants in test tube or closed container in vitro under controlled environment. This technique is devoted to solve two problems: 1) To keep the plant cells free from microbes. 2) To grow the desired plants by providing suitable nutrient medium and other environmental conditions. In this chapter, a review around plant tissue culture techniques that have been reported on oil palm breeding programme will be discussed. It is including the laboratory techniques, advantages and disadvantages of the technique, the problems to produce good and prolific oil palm tissue culture clones and mitigation measures that have been reported to overcome the problems. As a conclusion, this chapter reviews tissue culture techniques that could be used to propagate oil palm clones.


In order to simplify the calculation of the total electric resistance of a binary particle system of two dimensional f·c·c (face centered cubic) structure, we propose a conventional method of transforming a lattice from the f·c·c to the square. This transformation is practiced by the following procedure.At first, an original f·c·c particle system whose total electric resistance should be calculated is rotated in an angle π/4 as shown in Fig. 1(a), (b). Then, with the addition of four triangles to the slant f·c·c system of Fig. 1(b), it is possible to complete the system of Fig. 1(c) whereby the total electric resistance may be easily calculated.The results obtained are summarized as follows;(1) The calculation of the total electric resistance of a f·c·c system can be symplified by using the method of transformation described above.(2) The edge effect of the mixing zone of a f·c·c structure is greater than that of the two dimensional square system.(3) There is a high correlation (correlation coefficient<0.94) between the total electric resistance of the system PQRS and the standard deviation of mixing of the system ABCD (Fig. 1(c)).


Financial returns exhibit conditional heteroscedasticity, asymmetric responses of their volatility to negative and positive returns (leverage effects) and fat tails. The α -stable distribution is a...


The invention relates to a method of producing hexamethyldisilazane from chlorotrimethylsilane and ammonia by contacting ammonia and chloromethylsilane in a pressure-proof vessel at 60 to 150 DEG C and processing the reaction mixture once it has cooled down to -10 DEG C to +45 DEG C.


The Magellanic Clouds continue to attract much interest. New data from observations at all wavelengths appear frequently and contribute valuable information regarding the Clouds as galaxies as well as their content of gas, dust and stellar generations. Detailed studies of individual objects and clusters add important clues to our knowledge of stellar evolution. Numerical simulations take us closer to understanding the interaction between the Small and the Large Clouds as well as between the Clouds and the Galaxy. Here, some recent results regarding the composition, structure and evolution of the Magellanic system are presented.


The purpose of the study is to identify the most commonly used approach for blended learning and student experience. Specifically, it seeks to assess the degree to which mixed learning approaches are used by the College of Computer Studies, how the learning experiences of students are defined in terms of interaction, interpretation, involvement, barriers and choice. There are also major gaps between the integrated learning models and the learning experiences of students, and what action plan can be proposed to improve the learning experiences of students. Results show that Lab Rotation is the most commonly used blended learning method, citing experiences such as Interaction with other students as "Much Better," "Strongly Consensual" on Perception of increased access to knowledge, "Strongly Consensual" on being motivated to excel as per Participation, have not withdrawn from the Blended Learning course in terms of Barrier, and are satisfied. In addition, the findings showed that there is a major relationship between a blended learning approach and student learning experiences in terms of interpretation. As there is a well-established interest in the use of technology for learning, the researcher suggests giving weight to teaching in the classroom as well as developing a holistic interest in learning.


This study tests whether the temperature of tree cavities determines their selection by bats in Bialowieza Primeval Forest (BPF), eastern Poland. Using a data logger, I simultaneously measured the temperature in cavities selected by bats as roosts and the temperature in available but unselected cavities. The maternity roosts chosen by noctule bats, Nyctalus noctula (Schreber, 1774), and Leisler's bats, N. leisleri (Kuhl, 1817), during late pregnancy and lactation were warmer than unoccupied cavities, but temperature ranges in the two types of cavity did not differ. A logistic regression model showed that the mean cavity temperature during the night (2200–0400) and the minimum cavity temperature over a 24 h period were crucial for roost selection. This suggests that female noctule and Leisler's bats selected roosts that promoted juvenile growth and used tree cavities that could save them energy while they were active because the cavity temperatures were close to the lower critical temperature of their ther...


Most existing approaches to script event prediction rely on manually labeled data heavily, which is often expensive to obtain. To cope with the training data bottleneck, we investigate methods of combining multiple self-supervised tasks, i.e. tasks where models are explicitly trained with automatically generated labels. We propose two self-supervised pre-training tasks:one is End Identification and the other is Contrastive Scoring. Multi-task learning framework is then leveraged to combine these two tasks to jointly train the model. The pre-trained model is then fine-tuned using human-annotated script event prediction training data. Experimental results on the commonly used dataset show that our approach can achieve competitive performance compared to the previous models which are trained with the whole dataset by using just 10% of the training data, and our model trained on the whole dataset outperforms previous models significantly.


We consider the problem of characterizing projective representations that admit frame vectors with maximal spanning property, a property that allows an algebraic recovering for the phase-retrieval problem. For a given multiplier μ of a finite abelian group G, we show that the representation dimension of any irreducible μ-projective representation of G is exactly the rank of the symmetric multiplier matrix associated with μ. With the help of this result we prove that every irreducible μ-projective representation of a finite abelian group G admits a frame vector, and obtain a complete characterization for all such frame vectors. Consequently the complement of the set of all the maximal spanning frame vectors for any projective unitary representation of any finite abelian group is Zariski-closed. These generalize some of the recent results in recent literature about phase-retrieval with Gabor (or STFT) measurements.


Nine zoeal stages of Lysmata vittata (Stimpson, 1860) are described from laboratory-reared material. The ornamentation of the carapace and the fifth abdominal somite readily distinguish the first zoeas of L. vittata from the two previously known first larvae of Lysmata (L. anchisteus and L. seticaudata). Larval characters of the genus Lysmata are summarized. The setation of 1,2,3(6) on the basis of the second maxilliped indicates that Lysmata is closely related to Exhippolysmata.


"She may be too tired to tour again," announced a State Department official at a meeting to discuss Martha Graham's 1962 tour. Performance shots of Graham's sexually explicit Phaedra showed her as the aging protagonist in a long, bejeweled cocktail dress costume, with an extended leg inarticulate and bent, foot unpointed, its rounded, bunioned joints in evidence. Although she had used the cover of modernism to challenge the boundaries of sexuality with Phaedra on tour in 1962 in order to keep herself relevant, the strategy backfired. After touring for the Kennedys, the company performed at the Edinburgh Festival, and Graham came under congressional scrutiny for her work. In addition, foundation funding began to dry up as ageism enveloped Graham and modernism. After the assassination of Kennedy, Graham performed in London and Portugal with State Department support under Lyndon B. Johnson, but her failing physicality became a press refrain. With great reluctance, she retired and lapsed into an alcoholic coma. As the company struggled to survive, Graham recovered and retook control with Ron Protas. With renewed vigor, Graham tapped old contacts in Washington and staged fundraising events, drawing on her expertise with glamour and diplomacy. She obtained a tour under the Richard M. Nixon administration back to Asia, a primary area of diplomatic concern. After Nixon's resignation, Secretary of State Henry Kissinger continued to support Graham, and she also latched on to the new first lady, Betty Ford, and left for Asia as the "First Lady of Modern Dance."


If a stimulus package is desired and if tax elements are a part of the package, the tax elements should be designed with the current economic and budget outlook in mind. The short-term economic outlook is uncertain, as the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001 having disrupted the workings of an already slowing economy. Despite the short-term uncertainty, there is widespread agreement that long-term economic prospects remain strong. [© Brookings Institution]


A large proportion of the potassium absorbed by plants growing on Ramona loam is obtained from the nonexchangeable form. The nonexchangeable potassium may possibly be released to the solution phase before being absorbed by plant roots. This investigation concerns the release of fixed potassium from Ramona loam through the action of various acids and salts. The soil contains 20,000 ppm of potassium of which 78 ppm is exchangeable to neutral, normal ammonium acetate. Rye plants grown by the Neubauer technique removed in addition 112 ppm of nonexchangeable K from the soil. Water saturated with CO₂ at pH 4.0 leached through the soil for 50 days removed only 39 ppm of nonexchangeable K. It was noted that equal volumes of CO₂ saturated water which passed through the soil removed the same amount of K regardless of the rate of leaching or thickness of the soil column. The final concentration of potassium in the CO₂ saturated water leachates was 0.1 ppm K. Extraction and leaching studies with dilute acid solutions varying in pH from 1 to 7 revealed a correlation between pH and the amount of K replaced from the soil. Potassium replaced with 0.1 N acid solutions with pH ranges between 3 and 7 was mostly from the exchangeable form, whereas that replaced at pH values below 3 included a large proportion of the non-exchangeable form. A comparison of leaching and extraction studies demonstrates that for equal volumes and pH values the extraction method is more efficient in releasing nonexchangeable K than the leaching method. This holds even for water saturated with CO₂. In extractions with various chloride salts, ammonium acetate, and hydrochloric acid, it was found that all ions except ammonium replaced nonexchangeable K from the soil. The ions in descending order of effectiveness of replacement of K from the soil are H⁺ > Na⁺ > Li⁺ > Ca⁺⁺ > Mg⁺⁺ > NH₄⁺.


As for students′ ideological problem and present management situation,this paper discusses the basic strategies of implementing the management of tutorial system in higher vocational education through the following aspects as the necessity of implementing tutorial system in higher vocational education,the responsibilities and tasks of the tutor,and the basic procedures and methods of implementation of tutorial system.


and required in all 63 blood transfusions to control haemorrhage (Schiller, Neligan, and Budtz-Olsen, 1948). It is possible that surgery is safer in this type of haemophilia than in the type with prolonged coagulation time, but, even so, the risk of haemorrhage is formidable. Epistaxis and easy bruising were practically invariable. The latter symptom is uncommon in normal males, and more than one intelligent mother in a haemophilic family had diagnosed haemophilia in her infant son on this symptom alone. If the trauma was severe enormous bruises might be produced. Haemarthroses were infrequent, and this fact provided a very striking difference between this syndrome and that of haemophilia with prolonged coagulation time. If they did occur they were only,rarely apparently spontaneous and usually followed severe injury. Frequently only one joint was involved, and the swellings might last for only a week or two and leave slight deformities. As a result most of the adults were not incapacitated by ankylosed joints and were thus able to follow relatively normal lives. Inheritance.-In the six families, in which there was a familial history this closely resembled the classical inheritance of haemophilia, there being only. two apparent discrepancies (family 6, III 9; family 8, I 3). Both these patients were alleged to be normal. The various members and generations of the same families all seemed to have the same type of clinical picture and degree of laboratory abnormality. The syndrome thus appeared to breed true. The importance of the recognition that haemophilia can occur with a normal coagulation time cannot be overstressed. Many of these patients had been told that surgery could safely be undertaken, and it was only after alarming haemorrhage had occurred that it was realized that the advice given had been incorrect. These patients must be regarded as haemophiliacs with all the serious implications of that diagnosis. There are only very scanty references to this syndrome in the literature. The references to haemophilia with normal coagulation time cited earlier also mention a milder syndrome of haemophilia (Birch, 1937; Quick, 1949; Tocantins, 1949). Fowler (1949) stated that some cases of haemophilia are mild, while Skold (1944) described some cases of haemophilia with normal coagulation time and without haemarthroses. Some of his cases had a normal coagulation time and a mild syndrome, while others in the same family had a prolonged coagulation time and a more severe syndrome. The only extensive papers on this syndrome are those of Davenport (1930) and Haldane (1935), both of which discuss some haemophilic families in whom the clinical picture appeared to be mild. Unfortunately laboratory data are too scanty to be of value.


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ABSTRACT People sometimes extend invitations they don't intend to be taken seriously. We call these ostensible invitations. From a collection of spontaneous examples, we argue that they require: a pretense of sincerity by the speaker; mutual recognition of the pretense by speaker and addressee; collusion on the pretense by the addressee; ambivalence by the speaker about its acceptance; and an off-record purpose by the speaker. We describe seven techniques speakers use in fulfilling these requirements. We also show that speakers try to achieve their off-record purpose by getting addressees to recognize the expectable effects of the invitation, the situation, and the fact that they chose to extend an ostensible invitation. Finally, we argue that ostensible invitations are part of a class of ostensible speech acts, and these in turn are related to other types of nonserious language use. (Speech acts, pragmatics, off record, pretense, nonserious language use)


Combination of the dual comb spectroscopy with the single-pixel imaging is effectively applied for a scan-less hyperspectral imaging of an object having spectral-dependent absorption.


Chicago, Dec. 24, 1896. To the Editor: —An article in theJournalof December 19, by Dr. W. S. Caldwell, has been of great interest to me for several reasons. One reason is I do not agree with the conclusions drawn; but I am not prepared to combat them with statistics and cases and I will not take up the gauntlet on that score. In one place, however, Dr. Caldwell says "anesthetics are most skillfully given in large hospitals." I do not believe this statement is true. Anesthetics are usually (in hospitals) given by the junior interne during his first three months' service; though he may become quite skillful before his service in that department is over, yet for the greater part of that time he must be considered unskilled. Unfortunately, as a rule, he is given no instruction whatever and must get his skill by the hardest kind of


The purpose of this study was to clarify the impact of national and corporate brand image of Korea on chinese consumers' purchasing Intention, also the impact of China on korean consumers' purchasing Intention. And the second aim of the research is to provide Korean businessmen who are interested in chinese market with information about chinese consumers' purchasing behaviour. Data from 205 chinese and korean consumers were analysed. As the result of analyses, it was found that Korean country image positive affects corporate brand image(samsung) and Chinese country image negative affects corporate brand image(haier) and product image. Korean corporate brand image only affects product image on chinese consumers. The product image affects Korean and Chinese consumer's purchasing intention.


We have designed and implemented a student-led mathematics bootcamp to improve mathematical skills and confidence among incoming physical chemistry doctoral students. The bootcamp is held immediately before the start of the first semester of graduate school and uses an active learning approach to review and practice undergraduate mathematics problems over five days in small student groups. We have developed content, which is now publicly available, for the bootcamp on select mathematics topics, including calculus, linear algebra, functions, differential equations, statistics and coding in Python, aiming at improving students' learning experiences in graduate quantum mechanics and statistical physics courses. Surveys before and after the bootcamp showed an increase in students' confidence in problem solving in key mathematical areas and in social aspects of peer-led group learning. Through qualitative and quantitative analysis, we demonstrate that the bootcamp


One of the essential elements of any enterprise is the human resource management department, being the part dealing with everything related to: company culture, personnel policy, organizational climate, motivation at work, company development and organizational structure . For a closer analysis of the way Human Resource Management has been deployed in tourist boarding houses, It was chose the Lotus Tourist Board in Arad as a case study, where It was proposed an evaluation of the involvement and performance of the Lotus staff, following aspects such as their degree of satisfaction with the current job, their needs and perhaps they would like to improve in the company.


Purpose: To summarize currently existing evidence regarding prosthetic replacement for the treatment of intertrochanteric (extracapsular) hip fractures and their complications. Method: Report of a clinical investigation program conducted at one academic institution and literature review. Results: Although the majority of intertrochanteric fractures can be successfully managed with operative reduction and fixation, some patients may benefit from prosthetic replacement. For older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution there are some definite advantages of prosthetic replacement over reduction and fixation. If the prosthetic replacement has been properly performed, there is very little concern over immediate ambulation and weight-bearing. This decreases the incidence of postoperative complications, such as pulmonary infection, atelectasis, and pressure sores. In addition, acute prosthetic replacement eliminates the possibility of excessive collapse compromising walking function, mal-union, as well as the uncommon problems of non-union and avascular necrosis. Likewise, hip arthroplasty is an effective salvage procedure after the failed internal fixation of an intertrochanteric fracture in an older patient. Most patients report good pain relief, and surprisingly few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with this procedure. There are, however, a number of methodological concerns regarding previous studies which have examined the use of prosthetic replacement for the treatment of comminuted intertrochanteric fractures or non-union in the elderly patient. Many have been small case series without a control group. There are few comparative studies and even fewer prospective, randomized controlled trials which have compared prosthetic replacement surgery with standard internal fixation techniques in the long run. Conclusions: Older patients with severe osteoporosis or comminution may benefit from prosthetic replacement to treat intertrochanteric fractures and non-unions. Overall, rigorously conducted prospective randomized clinical trials with long-term follow-up are lacking. Despite these methodological reservations, several authors have reported successful prosthetic replacement for treating intertrochanteric fractures and their complications in elderly patients. Few serious orthopaedic complications are associated with these procedures, and most patients have good pain relief.


In the multiuser uplink system, Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) linear detectors as Zero forcing or Minimum Mean Square Error (MMSE) is widely adopted. However, the computational complexity of the linear detector remains high due to the significant vast matrix, especially with the growing number of antennas and the user. Therefore, some strategies have been adopted to approach linear detectors to reduce complexity, but among previous research just focused on one linear detector. We utilize the singular value decomposition based on MMSE or ZF detector (SVD) and propose two algorithms to update and update the channel matrix SVD. The proposed update algorithm for the case when one user is attached to the base station. Golub Kahan and Reinsch, Gram Schmidt and Householder transform recursively to approach the diagonal matrix of singular values. This shows through simulation results that the proposed scheme exceeds the conventional scheme with reduced complexity and error 1-5%.


A comprehensive assessment of the aerosol optical depth (AOD) at 550 nm from European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), and Multiangle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) has been performed with respect to the Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) measurements at 35 locations over the Indian subcontinent. For all of the stations, the mean relative errors for the collocated ECMWF, MODIS, and MISR AOD are 46.15%, 41.81%, and 39.98%, respectively. Compared with AERONET, ECMWF estimates suffer from a negative bias, whereas MODIS and MISR estimates suffer from a positive bias. The correlation of ECMWF, MODIS, and MISR AOD with AERONET observation is 0.73, 0.80, and 0.78, respectively. Analysis shows that approximately 52.12% of ECMWF, 60.51% of MODIS, and 62.63% of MISR AOD fall within the error envelopes (± 0.05 ± 0.15AODAERONET) of validation data from AERONET. This analysis indicates that both modeled and space‐based AOD measurements have large discrepancies over the Indian subcontinent. Due to the aerosol's significant role in altering the Earth radiation budget, there is an urgent need to develop an AOD product with reduced error. Therefore, a new AOD product at 550 nm has been developed using an optimum interpolation (OI) technique. For this purpose, a model‐derived AOD from ECMWF, remotely sensed AOD from MODIS, MISR, and in situ measured AOD from AERONET have been blended using the OI technique. A new product has been generated for 13 years (2003 to 2015) at 0.25° by 0.25° latitude/longitude and daily temporal resolution over the Indian subcontinent. When compared with AERONET observations, the new product has a negligible bias, with a mean relative error of 12.31% and a correlation of 0.99.


The IEEE microwave theory and techniques society (MTT-S) "Microwave Measurements" committee has recently set up an online forum aimed at uncertainty and quality of measurement. The "Errors and Uncertainties for VNA Measurements" forum focuses on methods that can be used to evaluate errors and uncertainties in vector network analyzer (VNA) and VNA-related measurements, particularly at high frequencies (1 kHz to 1 THz).


This article relates to the investigation Trazos de vida urbana en la ciudad de Manizales anos 1920-30 (Traces of urban life in the Colombian city of Manizales between 1920 and 1930). Here we refer to the urban ornament as a strategic purpose of redesigning the city according to civilizing and progress canons inherent in modernity and, in that case, the new social classes. Europe was the referent to adopt no only the republican architecture but also to modify the urban layout and a new way of inhabiting the city. In the 1920s, Manizales did not escape these processes, but events such as the fires, the attitude of the social agents and the  fascistic forms made them worthy of particular attention. The method utilized based on urban cultural history with contributions from Almandoz, Romero and Uribe.


The author of the article considers issues connecting with the opposition of two concepts: scientific, representing in different sciences and constructing scientific picture of the world. And ordinary system which is used by the person independently from his scientific knowledge.


Annotation. The study aims to investigate coping strategies used by pre-service and in-service teachers (N = 610) and correlations among coping strategies and psychological constitution variables of pre-service teachers (N = 349). Preferred coping styles differ across career levels but teachers in our sample choose mostly positive and productive coping strategies. Coping strategies classified as negative correlated negatively with psychological constitution variables.


Trauma is the leading cause of death for those between the ages of one to forty-five in the United States. Trauma care has increased in complexity and has become a significant contributor to rising medical costs in the United States. The successful management of trauma care has been an enormous challenge to hospital executives. Two medical centers in Omaha, Nebraska recently abandoned a successful joint trauma care business model to operate independent trauma centers. This case can be used in a number of courses, including Accounting, Finance, and Health Care Management.


Objective
To observe the effects of Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum on the apoptosis of human renal cell carcinoma ACHN cells and Notch1 gene in Notch signal pathway.

Methods
The healthy SD female rats were selected, which were divided into 4 groups, 8 rats in each group: the rats were fed with the normal saline 10 ml·kg-1·d-1 (the blank serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 50 g·kg-1·d-1 (the high-concentration of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 25 g·kg-1·d-1 (the medium-concentration of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); the rats were fed with the Yiqi Jiedu prescription decoctum of 12.5 g·kg-1·d-1 (the low-concentration medicated of Yiqi Jiedu prescription serum group); then the serum would be extracted 10 days later in each group. ACHN cells at exponential phase were cultured in the above 4 groups. The proliferation of ACHN cells in each group was observed by using CCK-8 method. The apoptosis of ACHN cells was detected by using flow cytometry (FCM). The expression levels of Notch1 mRNA of ACHN cells in each groups were detected by using real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR).

Results
The inhibition rates of ACHN cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the blank serum group 24 h later were (12.34±4.25)%, (7.47±1.40)%, (2.52±0.62)%, (1.05±0.31)%, respectively (F=15.04, P < 0.01); after 48 h, the inhibition rates were (24.20±2.41)%, (14.23±1.56)%, (5.08±1.34)%, (1.16±0.14)%, respectively (F=227.36, P < 0.01); after 72 h, the inhibition rates were (32.16±2.45)%, (25.05±3.69)%, (10.29±2.76)%, (1.07±0.71)%, respectively (F=110.51, P < 0.01). The results showed that Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum could significantly inhibit the proliferation of ACHN cells in a dose-dependent manner. Besides, the inhibition rate differences at all time points of the high-concentration serum group (F=31.44, P < 0.01), the medium-concentration serum group (F=49.61, P < 0.01) and the low-concentration serum group (F=68.78, P < 0.01) were all statistically significant, and they were in a time-dependent manner. The apoptosis rate of cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the control serum group was (34.5±1.5)%, (24.4±1.5)% and (13.1±0.5)%, (5.2±0.3)%, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (F=1 153.36, P < 0.01). The relative expression level of Notch1 mRNA of cells in the high-concentration group, the medium-concentration group, the low-concentration serum group of Yiqi Jiedu prescription and the control serum group was 0.213±0.032, 0.432±0.049, 0.781±0.018, 1.013±0.047, respectively, and the differences were statistically significant (F=270.60, P < 0.01).

Conclusion
Yiqi Jiedu prescription drug serum can induce apoptosis of ACHN cells, and its mechanism may be related to the down-regulation of the expression level of Notch1 receptors.

Key words:
Kidney neoplasms; Yiqi Jiedu prescription; Apoptosis; Drug serum; Notch1 receptors


One of the most alluring features of this book is that the individual chapters are written by acknowledged experts in the field from around the world while at the same time maintaining a commendably high level of uniformity in the organization of each chapter.


AN OPEN SOURCE ADVERTISEMENT SERVER This report describes a new online advertisement system and its implementation for the Yioop open source search engine. This system was implemented for my CS298 project. It supports both selling advertisements and displaying them within search results. The selling of advertisement is done using a novel auction system, which we describe in this paper. With this auction system, it is possible to create an advertisement, attach keywords to it, and add it to the advertisement inventory. An advertisement is displayed on a search results page if the search keyword matches the keywords attached to the advertisement. Display of advertisements is done using a probabilistic ranking algorithm which determines the most relevant advertisements for the search query. Our system also supports the display of advertisements from external advertisement servers.


Figure S1. Establishing a stable EGFP–CENP-A cell line. (a) HeLa cells were transfected with pEGFP–CENP-A–IRESpuro, and positive colonies were selected in puromycin. (b) A second round of clonal selection yielded a population with homogeneous kinetochore signal intensity. Bars, 10 µm.


In this paper, we introduce the notions of L-fuzzy quasi-uniformities and L- fuzzy interior operators in complete residuated lattices. We investigate the L-fuzzy quasi- uniformities induced by L-fuzzy interior operators. We study the relationships between L- fuzzy interior operators and L-fuzzy quasi-uniformities. We give their examples.


Continuous paving of cement stabilized base is a new type of paving method.Through comparing continuous double layer paving and interval single layer paving,continuous paving of cement stabilized base can meet the engineering quality demand.


In this paper an approach is presented how communities of practice (CoP) can be integrated with a process model for self-regulated learning (SRL). First, it is argued that self-regulated learning happens on a general learning level as well as on a specific level which is related to use a learning group as certain learning strategy. In order to link collaborative learning to a cyclic SRL Process Modell, learning in CoPs is presented on a general and specific learning level.


The Laguna Salada rift basin is within the zone of shearing between the Pacific and North American plates and is an asymmetric half-graben controlled on its eastern margin by the Laguna Salada fault and the Canada David detachment. Both faults dip west, have accommodated >10 km of offset since the middle-late Miocene, and are associated with an extensive late Quaternary fault array. The Laguna Salada fault is a high-angle fault that strikes northwest and has an oblique normal-dextral sense of shear. The Canada David detachment is a low-angle normal fault with a curvilinear trace that extends ~55–60 km and contains two prominent megamullion antiform-synform pairs. The late Quaternary scarp array that extends along the entire mountain front shows remarkable variations with antiformal and synformal megamullions. In antiformal domains, the scarp array is generally wider, closer to the mountain front (


A theoretical discussion of divergent findings in the research on psychological deficit in schizophrenia is based on an examination of (a) studies contrasting schizophrenics and normals on tasks varying in complexity, (b) evidence that schizophrenics show a higher base level of arousal than normals, and (c) the effect of variations in arousal on task efficiency. It is concluded that an inverted-U relationship between level of arousal and performance efficiency in conjunction with related tenets of drive theory account for apparent inconsistencies in previous research. There is a need to differentiate the performance deficits of highly aroused individuals, regardless of diagnosis, from performances specifically characteristic of schizophrenia.


Immunoassay methods are either heterogeneous or homogeneous and rely on the interaction between an antibody and antigen. Historically, diagnostic immunoassays assays have relied on heterogeneous assay formats for analyte detection.


Data privacy and security are among the most important aspects to be considered in implementing a data-driven system. A well generated Big Data contains a wealth of information that can reveal personal life that should be kept in private. Although various studies and Big Data analysis are widely documented, the methods and policies to ensure the privacy and security of data in Big Data governance remain unclear. Big Data analytics also seeks to make the affected person disclose new and critical personal information that is not intended for disclosure. Thus, this study focuses on data privacy and security issues in Big Data governance. The objective of this study aims to propose of Big Data governance framework that complements data privacy and security factors. This study uses a qualitative approach in the development of the research framework based on a systematic literature review and evaluated by experts to validate the framework. This study is expected to benefits the public and private sectors where the proposed framework could be applied as a guide to preventing any data leakage or misuse of Big Data.


Drawing on uncertainty-identity theory, we investigated how people respond differently to identity uncertainty at a superordinate (i.e., UK) or subgroup (i.e., Scottish) level depending on the subjective self-conceptual centrality of subgroup relative to superordinate group; altering superordinate and subgroup identification and attitude toward subgroup relations to the superordinate group in the context of Scotland's bid for independence from the UK (N = 115). Hierarchical regression analyses confirmed our prediction. Where the subgroup was self-conceptually more central than the superordinate group, subgroup identity uncertainty strengthened superordinate identification (H1) and weakened subgroup identification. Strengthened superordinate identification weakened support for subgroup separation. However, where the superordinate group was self-conceptually more central than the subgroup, superordinate identity uncertainty was not associated with superordinate and subgroup identification (H2).


We prove a one-to-one correspondence between C 1+ conjugacy classes of diffeomorphisms with hyperbolic sets contained in surfaces and stable and unstable pairs of one-dimensional C 1+ self-renormalizable structures.


when the only child died for some reason,events of losing the only children would let the family be in trauma. They would bear great grief of"the older see the younger pass away",and face different pressures such as old age care,family relations maintaining,psychological sustaining,medical rehabilitation,law support and social adaptation. The project of "Home With Love"in Zhangzhou of Fujian province,has explored and constructed a basic strategy of social support working mode of lost only child family rebuilding,which is of great significance to respond to and solve those problems faced by the lost only child family.


Several technical and conceptual approaches have been applied for realizing interactive real-time Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) systems, resulting in a large variety of individual solutions. They typically differ regarding, their architecture, their implementation, and the provision of specific sometimes unique features. Most of them are designed for a particular purpose often represented by a specific type of applications, e.g. games, simulations, data exploration, etc. Another important differentiation usually is the desired platform. Supporting real-time interactive MR applications on workstations differs significantly from supporting those on mobile phones. Beside this, the overall design of interactive real-time systems is significantly influenced by its intended kind of usage. Systems used for production purposes will rather focus on robustness and performance, while systems used for research and teaching require easy extendibility and an easy start for new users and developers. In this paper we will present our approach of a distributed component-based AR/VR framework. Our approach tries to provide a mature basis for the development of state-of-the-art Mixed Reality applications within research projects on one hand as well as for industry-driven projects and (often unsupervised) exhibits on the other hand. For that reason we separate stable releases from those used for research purposes only. This allows us to provide an accessible platform for students and the testing of new features, while ensuring the necessary robustness otherwise. While our framework generally can be used for AR and VR applications, we emphasize its use for AR. Thus rather supporting specific AR features than optimizing it for pure VR use. We successfully used M


The incorporation of an adequate discrete expansion to the formalism of the special relativity that does not allow gravitational acceleration unravels unexplored phenomena. This extension takes into account consequences of a small variation of the limiting velocity for a large scale of time together with the space-time expansion. It determines a natural boundary between physical systems with high and low kinetic energy, provides a new insight for Earth revolution since its formation, indicates a new factor that maintains the earlier remnant heat inside Earth, indicates that the self-sustaining nuclear fission chain reaction that generates Earth major heat is increasing together with the space-time expansion, provides a new lead for the problem of galaxies missing mass, shows how time is entangled with space and expansion and leads to a new interpretation of its characteristics.


In the article the process of the formation and development of the social policy of the Soviet Union on the employment of the disabled is considered. The ideological and legal basis of this policy, the practice of the employment of the disabled in the cooperative enterprises and labor artels and working conditions for various groups of disabled people are analyzed on the data of Siberian archives.