PURPOSE
We measured fractional anisotropy (FA) of calf muscles from diffusion tensor (DT) images from simultaneous scanning of bilateral calves and determined changes in values after unilateral exercise loading.

METHOD
We obtained DT images of both calves of 10 healthy male volunteers and measured FA of the anterior tibialis, gastrocnemius, and soleus muscles. Two of the ten were subjected to loaded exercise in their right calves; we recorded FA values immediately after exercise and 24 hours, 72 hours, and 1 week later.

RESULTS
At rest, the mean FA values of the 20 calves were 0.63+/-0.02 in the anterior tibialis, 0.56+/-0.05 in the gastrocnemius, and 0.57+/-0.04 in the soleus muscles. The differences were statistically significant (P<0.001) by analysis of variance (ANOVA), and differences between anterior tibialis and gastrocnemius (corrected P<0.01) and anterior tibialis and soleus (corrected P<0.01) muscles were significant by Bonferroni post hoc test. The FA values of the exercise-loaded soleus and gastrocnemius muscles of the 2 volunteers decreased just after exercise but gradually recovered to the baseline after one week.

CONCLUSION
Our method may be useful for assessing minimal muscle damage related to muscle fatigue.


In Georgian, either the direct object or the indirect object may raise to subject position in a passive clause. In an active clause, as we see in (1a), the direct object (here marked with nominative case) cannot bind the indirect object. However, if the direct object raises over the indirect object to the subject position of a passive, as in (1b), binding is possible. Binding in such a configuration is disallowed under the Chain Condition/CFA. To account for these facts, I will argue that the Chain Condition and CFA do not apply. Instead, I will propose that a relation of equidistance between two arguments rules out binding. This relation holds in (1a), but not in (1b). Before continuing, it will be necessary to outline a number of assumptions. I will assume that movement is attraction of a syntactic element to a target (Chomsky 1995), so two arguments can be equidistant from a target, rather than of two targets equidistant from an argument. Equidistant arguments will be assumed to occupy multiple specifiers of the same head (Ura 1994, 1996). Since a subject can usually bind an object, it follows that objects do not normally check case in a position


a) Functions represented by Laplace integrals: A question of considerable interest in the theory of meromorphic differential equations as well as in other fields of analysis is, given a function /(z) that has an asymptotic expansion as z-*oo (in some sector), can /(z) be represented by means of a (generalized) Laplace integral such that one can find a convergent expansion of the integrand (in some neighborhood of zero) in terms of the asymptotic expansion of/(z)? In 1918, F. Nevanlinna [17] has given an answer to this question, generalizing some earlier results of G. N. Watson [23]: Suppose that (for fixed reals α>0 and d>0) the function/(z) is analytic in the sector


The eri silkworm, Samia ricini (Donovan) is a domesticated, multivoltine, polyphagous insect, producing spun silk. It is mostly found throughout north eastern India. The present study is focused mainly on performance of six morphologically distinct strains of the silkworm on the basis of larval markings and colour which reared in two seasons. The present study was conducted with the aim to evaluate the rearing performance of these six strains of eri silkworm in two seasons. The data on fecundity, hatching%, larval wt., larval period, effective rate of rearing, cocoon wt. shell wt. and shell ratio were evaluated in spring and autumn. It was observed that Yellow plain (YP) and Greenish blue plain (GBP) were found better with all the economic characters. There is seasonal effect on these parameters and autumn season was found to be better than spring. Present study revealed that Yellow plain and Greenish blue plain strains of eri silkworm showed highest ERR and other characters. These strains are considered as good in terms of rearing performance and autumn season is the favourable season for rearing of all the strains.


Research ascribes that a variety of factors (e.g. course load, poor instruction, financial restraints) contribute to students' decisions to change majors and to drop out of college. Less well understood, however, is the influence of a sense of belonging on student persistence, particularly within engineering. Several studies have connected sense of belonging with retention, but few have focused on the relationship between specific programs and longitudinal retention among engineering students. In this study, researchers examined the long-term effects of a suite of strategies designed to enhance a sense of belonging of engineering students. To evaluate these reforms, an interrupted time series approach was utilized. Fourteen annual cohorts were examined from 1998 through 2013. Trends were first evaluated among the engineering students as a whole, and then by gender and ethnicity. Overall, the rate of retention increased at an average rate of 1.1% per year. Prior to reforms, retention was on the upswing but only at a rate of 0.9% per year. Following the new strategies, this rate nearly doubled to 1.6% per year. Finally, it is noted that the increase in retention occurred alongside an increase in the overall size of the engineering student body.


Thanks to the chronicles and accounts of the conquerors and friars who arrived to Mexico, much valuable information is available to us on the forms of knowledge, use and handling of natural resources in the Pre-Hispanic world, which were vast and significant. Fortunately for all of us, the material use of bird resources has been documented and catalogued. However, the value attached to the use of bird paintings has been left aside, despite being an important iconographic element throughout both time and cultures, having a significant impact on a people's worldview. That is why we want to account for the experience arisen from the studies on taxonomic identity and on the symbolic role of the birds portrayed in the walls of various archaeological sites in Mexico, taking into consideration the levels of graphical representation and thematic integration. This essay takes into account the archaeological information found on the site, as well as historical, ethnographic and cultural factors, including religious beliefs. One of the consequences of these studies is that a major inventory has been taken on those bird species used and valued not only as iconographic elements.


In A General Theory of Crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi dispute whether valid self-report data can be collected among respondents lacking self-control. This research tests this argument by examining two processes that undermine the validity of self-report data: unit and item nonresponse. Specifically, this research addresses two questions: Within a longitudinal self-report study, are respondents with lower self-control less likely to be retained in annual follow ups? And are respondents with lower self-control less likely to complete a self-report survey in its entirety? These questions are examined with an adolescent sample from the National Evaluation of the Gang Resistance and Education Training Program. Current findings reveal that, after adjusting for the influence of student sociodemographic characteristics, self-control is unrelated to sample retention during four annual waves of data, but current findings do reveal that lower-self-control adolescents are more likely to leave survey items unanswered. Implications for the testing of self-control theory are explored.


Too many teachers and administrators have little idea of how to promote change, says this writer, who looks at the concept of motivation as related to organizational change.


Findings from the 2012 Global Adult Tobacco Survey which is still the latest nationwide tobacco use research in Nigeria show that 5.6% (4.7 million) Nigerian adults aged 15 years or older used tobacco products: 10.0% (4.2 million) men and 1.1% (0.5 million) women. One of the strategies for the control of this rate of tobacco use is the mandatory text-only Health Warning Messages available on cigarette packs in the country. This study explored the perceived dissuasiveness of the Text-only Health Warning Messages on cigarette packs in Nigeriaand how smoking history can influence this perception. To achieve the set objectives, a mixed-method approach involving survey and Focus Group Discussion was adopted.The study analyzed data collected from a sample of 400 residents in Anambra State, Nigeria selected through simple random sampling and another 12 selected through snowballing, for Focus Group Discussion. Findings showed that the content of the Health Warning Message and smoking history were factors that could influence perceived dissuasiveness of cigarette Health Warning Messages. Additionally, the smokers were found to have become accustomed to the Text-only Health Warning Messages. Findings also showed that the smokers' perception was in line with their smoking behaviour. Stated differently, they did not perceive the Text-only Health Warning Message as dissuasive and have therefore continued to smoke. However, Graphic Health Warning Messages (GHWMs) were perceived as more dissuasive than the text-only messages by both smokers and nonsmokers. Therefore, it is recommended that the federal government should introduce Graphic Health Warning Messages and make them mandatory for cigarette packaging and advertisements.


respectively), and the diurnal rhythm of day through night. It is unsurprising that this ambitious attempt at 'thick' narrative falters at times, particularly the layer of daily events in chapter 4 in which 'time' collapses into day and night. However, this is richly compensated for in the success of geographical, authorial, and media analysis throughout, and that of the calibrated timetable of daily business in chapters 1–3 especially. An example of how the book is enhanced by its division into morning, afternoon, and evening chapters onWellington Street is that the evening chapter takes in the presence of the Lyceum Theatre and its performances, a common destination of the street's habitués, but also a discussion of Mayhew's performance as a conductor of his investigative interviews, the loss of anonymity of his subjects, and the complex relation between public and private in a street of renowned figures who also inhabit the local. For readers alert to style, Shannon's book offers many pleasures. She writes well; there is a recurring light touch, in the chapter headings for example that echo those of picaresque fiction: 'Chapter 2: "Dissolute and Idle Persons". Furthering our acquaintance with Reynolds, and proposing that radical writers like to step off the page and on to the streets'. The use of illustration is generous, and varied, with helpful maps, prints, and photographs. And, not least, in such a densely and widely referenced work, it is footnoted, rather than endnoted, which further adds to the author's evidence base. Another pleasure is Shannon's steady gaze at what is primarily a network of literary figures as journalists, and in their capacity of editing and writing journalism. Thus, she bravely represents democratically a plethora of less universally renowned figures with a very famous one, in a heady mixture of Dickens, Reynolds, Mayhew, Horne, and Clarke. For those who savour such things, there are close readings of their oral and written discourse, but also of their leisure activities, their arrivals and departures, and their business and social lives. A nuanced comparison of the types of 'radical' politics of Dickens, Reynolds, and Mayhew and their publications emerges. To conclude her study, Shannon returns to Dickens, and his model of a wide and intricate network in Bleak House. One facet of Shannon's absorbing and delightful book is its truly multidisciplinary scope; geographers and literary students alike, book and media historians, as well as social historians, will all learn from this study of a street, a node in a network of mid-Victorian print culture.


The interaction between depression and diabetes mellitus (DM) is of considerable interest. A few studies focused on the effect of depression on self‐management in DM patients. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between depression and clinical biomarkers related to complications in DM. We analyzed the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data with sampling weights (2007‐2010). The prevalence of depression was higher in adults with DM than in healthy subjects (47.8% vs. 33.2%, p<0.0001) and in women than in men (56.0% vs. 37.2%, p<0.0001), and were older than those without depression (59.1±0.8 vs. 55.2±0.7, p=0.0014). Compared to the adults with DM without depression, those with DM and depression had higher mean BMI (33.7±0.8 vs. 32.8±0.5, p =0.0019); lower diastolic blood pressure (70.0±1.1 vs. 69.2±2.2, p=0.0196); higher total cholesterol (191.7±3.9 vs. 181.5±3.5, p=0.0010) and LDL‐cholesterol (102.9±2.7 vs. 98.5±4.2, p=0.0859), and lower HDL‐cholesterol (44.9±1.0 vs. 47.7±1.0, p=0.0130) after age and gender were controlled; and higher serum insulin levels (20.9±2.8 vs. 15.0±1.3, P=0.0031) and HOMA‐IR (8.3±1.3 vs. 6.4±0.8, P=0.0512) when adjusted for age, gender, and BMI. DM adults with depression show higher risks for comorbidity such as hypertension and cardiovascular diseases than in DM adults without depression.


In this Letter, we study the latest bound on the mass of doubly charged Higgs bosons, $H^{\pm\pm}$, assuming that they dominantly decay into a diboson. The new bound is obtained by comparing the inclusive searches for events with a same-sign dilepton by the ATLAS Collaboration using the latest 20.3 fb$^{-1}$ data at the LHC 8 TeV run with theoretical prediction based on the Higgs triplet model with next-to-leading order QCD corrections. We find that the lower mass bound on $H^{\pm\pm}$ is about 84 GeV.


Abstract : This report compares interview data from highly successful and marginally successful graduates with similar data from students eliminated from undergraduate pilot training (UPT). The objectives of the study were: to delineate factors which distinguishes the successful from the unsuccessful student, to identify problems of UPT which impact generally upon all students alike, and to denote aspects of the UPT program which may warrant modification. Information from interviews with 119 graduates were compared with information from interviews with 114 eliminees. Further, for problems related to flying training comparisons were made among data from 61 students who graduated in the top quarter of their class, 58 who graduated in the lowest quarter of their class, and 28 students eliminated for flying deficiency. Successful students differed from eliminees in amount of previous flying experience, less problems learning to land aircraft, less loss of confidence, and fewer changes of IPs (Instructor Pilots), had less criticism from their IPs, listed more problem aspects of the UPT program and had more realistic expectations about the demands of UPT. Problems seen generally by all students related to: problems with poor IP teaching characteristics; difficulties learning the overhead landing pattern; formation; instruments; grades; and IP-student relationships. Recommendations suggest studies of IP training and modifications of techniques for teaching some of the flying skills.


Zn-Sb nanowires are prepared by heat treatment of Zn-Sb nanoparticles at 640?aunder an Ar atmosphere. The precursor, Zn-Sb nanoparticles, was obtained by electrodeposition. The length of the nanowires is more than 30?孠and the typical diameter is about 90?nm (see figure). A spinodal decomposition liquid solid mechanism is proposed to explain the Zn-Sb nanowire growth.


The authors experimentally determine temporally and radially resolved profiles of the temperature distribution within the cavity of a broad-area vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser in pulsed operation. For this, the recently discovered state of spatially incoherent emission [M. Peeters et al., Opt. Express 13, 9337 (2005)] is harnessed. Using single-shot measurements of spectrally resolved near field profiles acquired by a fast-gated charge coupled device camera, the wavelength shift due to heating of the device is temporally and radially resolved. From the wavelength shift the temperature shift is extracted, which finally allows for determination of absolute temperature profiles.


Presented are two case reports of the ra re congenital anomaly Hallermann-Streiff Syndrome. One patient received dental treatment and cytogenetic examination for primary aetiological investigation.


We underpin our research problem on evidence that the integration of character values in a learning implementation is less than it should be. This research sets an aim to analyze the effectiveness of the model of integrating character values to build student characters in a learning process. We used two approaches, qualitative and quantitative, combined. The methods we used were a research and development (R & D) method, i.e., Richey and Klein's development model. From the hypothesis test, the t-test (12.89) was higher than the t-table (2.042), indicating that the hypothesis was accepted. Also, findings revealed that the integration of character values met success and thus was able to build student characters. The argument was supported by the percentage score of each character, in which the high one was in the category starting to develop. Integrating character values in a learning implementation was effective to build student characters, accordingly, as attested by the statistical test.


At high pressure, the furansulfolene, 4H,6H-thieno[3,4-c]furan 5,5- dioxide (1), whose furan and 3-sulfolene moieties could be used as diene components in Diels-Alder reactions, reacted with the dienophiles at its furan moiety selectively


Aging and some pathologies such as arterial hypertension, diabetes, hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulimenia cause some geometrical and mechanical changes in the aortic valve microstructure. Cupsal thickening and lost of extensibility (increasing stiffness) are the consequences of these changes in the aortic valve which have a negative impact on the function of the valve [1]. The most frequent form of diseases of the aortic valve is the calcific aortic stenosis which is responsible for 80% of the North American deaths due to valvular heart diseases [2]. In this pathology, calcified nodules on the valve leaflets occur which lead to the thickening and stiffening of the leaflets and restricting the natural motion of the valve which presents an increased resistance to forward blood flow during the ejection phase of the cardiac cycle. To reduce the mortality and morbidity from the aortic stenosis, clinical management and proper diagnosis are essential [3]. Tranvalvular pressure gradient (TPG) and the effective orifice area (EOA), the minimum cross sectional area of the blood flow across the stenosis, are the most commonly used indices for assessing the aortic stenosis [4]. Numerous studies have been done to relate the TPG across the stenosis to the blood flow rate and EOA. Gorlin (1951) was the first to establish a relationship between TPG and EOA [5]. Several studies have reported deviations in valve area calculation by using Gorlin formula. This formula was derived based on some assumptions such as rigid circular orifice, non viscous and steady flow, while valvular orifices are compliant and the flow through them is viscous and pulsatile [6]. Several corrections have been proposed. However, even with these improved formula, significant deviations are still reported [7]. Calark (1978), Bermejo et al (2002) and Garcia et al (2006), by presenting a theoretical model, tried to express TPG in terms of the blood flow rate and EOA [8–10]. None of these studies considered the effect of the aortic root compliance on TPG. Nobari et al reported that the stiffening of the aorta changes the pressure drop and affects the leaflets motion [11]. Therefore, the objective of this study is to develop a 1D model for assessing the aortic pressure drop for the transient viscous blood flow across the aortic stenosis, by taking into account the vessel wall compliance. The derived TPG will be expressed in terms of the surrogate variables which are anatomical and hemodynamic data meaningful and accessible for physicians.Copyright © 2013 by ASME


The purpose of this study is to identify the factor affecting development density. To identify the factor affecting development density, finding an interaction between each factors are required. For this First, this study derived factors affecting development density by the combination of existing research. Second, this study analyzed the interaction of factors affecting development density. Priority, this study set the variables, as those expected to affect development density, and analyzed the interaction between the variables. Through the analysis of the interaction between the variables, it was found the direct effect and indirect effect influencing development density. And it was found that the direct effect and indirect effect sometimes changed in the case of being relevant the official price. This means the influence of official price is greater than that of other factors affecting development density. Therefore, it need a comprehensive approach considering the direct effect and indirect effect influencing development density. AMOS 21.0 S/W and ArcMap 10.2 S/W were used for the analysis of this study.


1. Controlled partial maceration and negative staining of ciliary and flagellar axonemes (with phosphotungstate) have revealed that under these conditions: (a) Doublet microtubules have an inherent tendency for bending or coiling; (b) Central singlet microtubules of 9 + 2 axonemes, or the cores of the "9 + 1" flagellar axonemes, stiffen or straighten; (c) Active bending of the doublets occurs in the direction away from their dynein arms, so that the A-subtubule is on the convex side.2. In partially macerated 9 + 2 axonemal isolates, examination of electron micrographs indicates that the bending of the doublets of one lateral half is in a direction opposite to that of the doublets of the other lateral half. This is a consequence of (1, c) above.3. Evidence is presented for (2) above, in micrographs showing the direction of bending of specifically identified doublet microtubules of isolated ciliary axonemes.


The fractures of cervical spine are divided into upper cervical spine (C1-C2) and lower cervical spine (C3-C7), also called sub axial cervical spine. Sub axial cervical injuries are common, ranging in severity from minor ligamentous strain or spinous process fracture to complete fracture dislocation with bone and ligament disruption, resulting in severe spinal cord injury. Motor vehicle accident, falls, gunshot wounds and contact or water sports are the main causes. Moreover, it is saddening that the most vulnerable are from youth and middle age groups.


Movable bed experiments from a flume into a basin were conducted to study the development of alluvial deltas. The experimental setup was aimed at the bed-load mode. Results showed that the development of the delta can be divided into three stages. In the first stage, the delta progressed mainly in its length, and a successfully derived equation described the shape of the delta in this stage. In the second stage, the delta developed mainly in its width. The length, width, front thickness, and central thickness of the delta were used to scale the geometric similarity. The plane geometry of deltas can be described using Gaussian functions. Transverse and longitudinal profiles fit the hyperbolic and linear function, respectively. The length, width, and thickness of the delta deposition at the end of the second stage have their own maximum values, Rc, Bm, and Zf , respectively, for each case. The total volume V of sediment deposition could be simply related to these maximum values by V = aRc BmZf 1 b with shape parameters a and b around 0.178 and 174. The third stage was characterized by the interactions between the delta development and stream-channel variations. The ratios of the delta slope to the channel slope were closely related to the occurrence condition of the stream channel. Finally, the temporal variations of stream channels were investigated qualitatively.


With the progress of ever-increasing span of footbridges and the application of modern light and high strength materials,as well as the pursuit of bridge aesthetic in urban areas,the fundamental frequency of modern flexible footbridges decreases significantly.Since the event of London Millennium Bridge which was closed due to excessive pedestrian-induced lateral vibration,considerable efforts have been devoted to pedestrian-induced vibration analysis,particularly the lateral vibration,and its mitigation for modern footbridges.In the present study,the fundamentals of pedestrian-induced vibration theory and dynamic design of footbridges are described.The emphasis is placed on three existing methods for analyzing the large-amplitude lateral vibration,namely the direct resonance method,the pedestrian-bridge interaction method and the parametric resonance method.Finally a curved cable-stayed footbridge is used as an example to demonstrate the dynamic design of footbridges.


The Kandy Textiles Pvt Ltd is one of medium scale textile shops situated in Dambulla. As it does not have a computerized System, it finds it difficult to run its business activity effectively and efficiently. In order to provide a solution to the long felt problem of this Kandy Textiles Pvt Ltd, a project to develop a computerized system has been undertaken. This project includes whole information of the textile business, Cashier information, sales information, purchase information and stock information. The main user of this system is Administrator of the Kandy Textiles Pvt Ltd. By implementing a computerized system connected to a database, the staff would be highly supported in their day to day activities. Keeping track of records of all day to day activities done by them. Manipulating and storing data would be maintained through the database. It would facilitate searching the past records and generating the required reports. These facts are carrying out an efficient service with reduction of work load. All the interfaces are user friendly, component based and attractive. Software design technique used for the project is object oriented design as it is a more effective way of producing flexible software. The system will be implemented using the technologies such as C# and Microsoft Access. The ultimate goal of our project is to provide a good, accurate and efficient Billing and Inventory System with new technologies.


There have been an abundance of lifting studies performed throughout the history of biomechanical analysis however, there are few studies that have looked at the biomechanics of placing a box on a target or within a restricted space. Of those studies, none have looked at the human's ability to precisely place the box, and none have considered precise placement in restricted space. Furthermore, the human lifting capabilities and limitations is lacking in the design standards used for avionics box and shelf arrangements, and past avionics box and shelf arrangements developed for the Space Shuttle have led to hardware damage during avionics box installations. Thus, the focus of this study is to use motion capture along with thermal imaging techniques to explore and describe the kinematics, EMG, and thermal variations during the lifting and precise placement of an avionics box in restricted space.


Based on the thorough studies and plumbing of the characters of the vernacular houses in YangtseDelta. this article concentrates on the rediscovery of those characters which can be adopted in the DesignScheme of Green House in the Yangtse Delta. In order to fulfil the demands of the sustainable future as mak-ing full use of the natural resources, saving land etc, the authors present a scheme, which is one unit of r(wing houses. This unit has Venturi Tube inside and benefits from the small courtyards. To fulfil future demands, there are some advanced ecological conscious methods adopted.


Green manufacturing is the embodiment of a sustainable development strategy of human society in the modern manufacturing industry.The concept,the intension and the important meaning of the research of green manufacturing were explained,and the implementation of green manufacturing in the mechanical hydraulic pressure systems was discussed.


Although alumina aggregates have been used as refractory aggregates due to the improved mechanical properties of refractories as a result of the low contraction of alumina aggregates, the aggregates have a difficulty in fabrication due to its low sinterability. Two types of alumina aggregates and a fused alumina aggregate containing transient liquid forming additives are prepared to investigate the sintering characteristics of aggregates. Al₂O₃ rich composition in the Al₂O₃-MgO-SiO₂(-TiO₂) system is chosen for the transient liquid phase sintering and the final recrystallized bonding phase between grains inside the fused alumina aggregates is found to be a needle-like mullite phase. The flexural strength of alumina bars, reaction-bonded using the paste having a composition of Al₂O₃-MgO-SiO₂-TiO₂, is about 78 ㎫, which is one half value of that of pure alumina.


A single-chip CPCM codec is described. This chip, which is fabricated in bipolar technology, meets all the D3 specifications. The circuit is capable of operating in a fully asynchronous transmit and receive mode, and provisions are made, for zero-code suppression and A/B signaling. Even with this signaling, the codec achieves a worst case idle-channel noise of 13 dBrn C 0.


The first attempt to diagnose gastrointestinal cancer by means of microscopic examination of the gastric content was made by such famous pathologists and clinicians as Rosenbach, Weald, Boas, Rosenheim, Reineboth and Cohnheim. In 1909 Marini reported that he had been able to diagnose 32 of 37 gastric cancers by means of the appearance of the unstained cells obtained by meticulous lavage. His excellent descriptions show that he understood the problem thoroughly. Marini predicted that "The day will come when physicians are as certain of the advantages of cytodiagnosis lby lavage as they now are of the examination of the urinary sediment." With the advent, however, of the radiologic and endoscopic methods of diagnosis, cytology was forgotten for the next five decades. The revival of the procedure in recent years resulted primarily from the interest of Papanicolaou and Mleigs and their associates in cervical carcinoma. It became apparent early in the decade of the fifties that the most accessible portions of the digestive tract were suitable for exfoliative cytologic study; this laboratory has been particularly interested in this problem. It is not possible to cite the numerous papers published in the past few years, but the recent enthusiastic report of Arnold and his associates is noteworthy. The monographs of Schade and of Henning and Witte are fundamental contributions. The main purpose of exfoliative cytology has been the recognition or the exclusion of malignancy. During the course of these investigations we have been impressed by the marked morphologic variations in malignancy and even more so in the cellular changes encountered in benign diseases of the digestive tract. Cytologic techniques cannot be utilized at the present time in the same degree for benign processes as for malignancy because the true incidence and nature of the exfoliation in non-malignant diseases


Abstract In order to control particulate matter (PM) in the exhaust of diesel-powered automobiles, a better understanding of the components of PM is required. In this report, the ECE R49 13-mode engine test cycle was performed on a heavy-duty diesel engine. Unlike the usual ECE R49 13-mode sample method, PM in the exhaust was separately sampled in this research under every test mode. Oxides of nitrogen (NOx) in the exhaust were also measured. Soluble organic fraction (SOF) and insoluble fraction (ISF) of the PM were partitioned with an ultrasonic elution, and then every SOF sample was analysed by combined gas chromatography / mass spectrometry (GC / MS). The results show that the mass flux of PM increases with increasing engine loads, and there is an exponential growth function between the PM mass flux and the engine power under the same engine speed. Concerning the engine's NOx emissions, there is an exponential decay function between the concentration of NOx and engine power. By comparing the results obtained, the effects of load and speed on the contents of ISF and SOF in PM were observed. The percentages of ISF and SOF contents in PM are markedly changed with the load, but are less influenced by the speed at the same percentage of load. The dominant component in SOF is paraffin hydrocarbon and second is polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH). The percentage of PAH content in PM is higher at lower loads. In addition, naphthalene and phenanthrene are the main organic components of PAH.


Modulation schemes for three-phase three-switch buck-type pulsewidth modulation rectifiers where the switching state of one bridge leg is clamped within a π 3-wide interval of the mains period guarantee minimum switching losses as well as minimum input filter capacitor voltage ripple and minimum dc current ripple. However, as shown in this paper by a detailed analysis of the time behavior of the input filter capacitor voltages within a pulse period such modulation schemes are characterized by the occurrence of sliding intersections of the filter capacitor voltages which causes input current distortion. An advanced modulation scheme is proposed which prevents the input current distortion and allows it to maintain the optimum performance of conventional modulation schemes. The theoretical considerations are finally verified by measurements on a 5-kW hardware prototype.


The present invention relates to an anaerobic digestion apparatus performing a digestion treatment of a sludge by connecting in series at least two digesters which have been physically separated from a sludge enrichment retaining facility to increase the digestion efficiency while digestion treating food sludge, animal manure and sewage sludge, etc. in a consecutive manner, thereby securing a minimum residence period required for sludge digestion while performing treatment with a dehydration cake by dehydrating with a dehydrator the digestion sludge that has passed through the digestion sludge retaining facility after undergoing maximum digestion of organic sludge due to an easy seeding for digestion; and to an operating method of an anaerobic digester.


The personality of the moral models is of great value.The model university students are typical youths who have come to the fore in the socialist moral construction of China and accord with the value of the socialist morality,which fully embodies the moral ideal and the pursuit of value in the times of the socialist construction with Chinese characteristics.This paper analyses the moral spirit,the social functions and practical enlightenment containing in the model university students during the social transformation of China,which is of theoretical and realistic significance to the promotion of the ideological and ethical standards of university students,and to the construction of the socialist core value system of China.


This study aims to obtain an overview or description of how the process of learning mathematics with the method of open questions, discovery, and discussion can develop the creativity of students of class 1 semester 1 of SMA N 1 Kasihan Bantul. This research is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles. Each cycle is carried out with steps of planning, action, observation and reflection. Data to describe how the process of learning mathematics by the method of open questions, discovery, and discussion can develop student's creativity obtained from field notes and observations. Data from the student creativity questionnaire to strengthen the description. Tests at the end of each cycle are used to support the results of the study. The actions taken in both cycles have been able to develop students' creativity. This is reinforced by the results of the analysis of the questionnaire. The average level of student creativity has increased, before the action, the average total score of students' creativity 36.068 is included in the category enough, after cycle I the average total score of student creativity is 48.205 included in the good category, and at the end of cycle II on average the total score of 52.97 students' creativity is included in the good category.


John Q is an interesting film that the writer has ever seen. It teaches your heart. It can bring something different in your life. When the writer was watching this film, she feels sad and cries; because the film is very good and it can teach us about life and health and also about a fathers struggle. This film is talking about father and sons relationship. He always tries to do all his best. Social condition is not supporting his life, because he doesnt have much money to defraying hospital when his son is sick. John is the main character of this film. He has one wish on his life, to make his family happy. Give anything that he can do for his family. He loved his wife very much and to be a good father. He wants to kill him self so that his son is alive life. But he is not a bad man, although he gets some hostages. By using a psychological approach the writer is expected to find out more about the characteristics of John in this film. Finally, the writer found some characteristics of John in this film, they are: John is a hard worker, because he wants to find any job. John is also sacrificing of him self, a loving person because many people love him, emotional or sensitive, and then he feels guilty because he can not make his family happy.


OBJECTIVE: To optimize the extraction technology of Rhodiola rosea. METHODS: The extraction technology of R. rosea was optimized by orthogonal test using ethanol concentration, solvent volume, extraction time and extraction times as factors with the content of salidroside and rosavin, the yield of extract as index. RESULTS: The optimum extraction process was as follows: adding 10-fold 85% ethanol, extracting for 3 times, 1.5 hours each time. CONCLUSIONS: The method is simple and feasible, which can be used for the extraction of R. rosea.


Mullerian duct aplasia, Renal aplasia and Cervicothoracic Somite dysplasia (MURCS association) is a developmental field defect, diagnosed if both aplasia/hypoplasia of the Mullerian duct, renal agenesis/ectopy and anomalies of the cervicothoracic somites are present. We report a case of MURCS Association with the above features, absent hand, T12 Hemi vertebra and an exophytic bony outgrowth from C5 vertebra. An exophytic bony projection from the spinous process of C5 vertebra, presenting as a swelling over the neck has not been described previously as a skeletal malformation in MURCS Association. Absent hand as a skeletal malformation in MURCS association was not seen in the earlier literature. This case is reported since it adds to the wide spectrum of anomalies associated with MURCS association and helps in distinguishing MURCS association from the syndromes which may show overlap.


Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) induces degradation via hyperexpression of an array of genes, including metalloproteinases (MMP), in cartilage cells during articular degenerative diseases. In contrast, natural ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) display protective anti-cytokine effects in these cells. We used the PPAR agonist rosiglitazone (Rtz) to investigate PPAR-γ isotype on IL-1β-target genes. Immunocytochemistry, electrophoretic mobility shift, and transient transfection assays revealed a functional PPAR-γ in chondrocytes in vitro. Rtz displayed significant inhibition of IL-1β effects in chondrocytes. Low Rtz concentrations (close to Kd values for PPAR-γ, 0.1 to 1 μm) inhibited the effects of IL-1β on 35S-sulfated proteoglycan production and gelatinolytic activities and downregulated MMP1 expression at mRNA and protein levels. We have investigated the mechanism of action of Rtz against IL-1β-mediated MMP1 gene hyperexpression. Rtz effect occurs at the transcriptional level of the MMP1 promoter, as observed in transiently transfected cells with pMMP1-luciferase vector. Transient expression of wild type PPAR-γ enhanced Rtz inhibitory effect in chondrocytes, whereas a mutated dominant negative PPAR-γ abolished it, supporting the role of PPAR-γ in this effect. MMP1 gene promoter analysis revealed the involvement of a cis-acting element located at -83 to -77, shown to be a composite PPRE/AP1 site. Gel mobility and supershift assays demonstrated that PPAR-γ and c-Fos/c-Jun proteins bind this cis-acting element in a mutually exclusive way. Our data highlight a new PPAR-γ-dependent inhibitory mechanism on IL-1β-mediated cartilage degradation occurring through DNA binding competition on the composite PPRE/AP1 site in the MMP1 promoter.


Transformation-based and error-driven induction of rules has proven to be a successful and applicable technique for Part-of-Speech tagging and other natural language processing tasks. This paper presents the ongoing work to create a universal algorithm for learning transformations in the domain of information extraction and semantic annotation. Such a method can be applied to different and useful tasks in real world problems, e.g., correcting systematic labeling errors of statistical models or improving data sets annotated by humans. We show the applicability of the current prototype in the domain of reference segmentation, where our method is able to reduce the labeling errors of conditional random fields.


software and services. For instance, software for reading news feeds is capable of grouping news by topics, search engines fi nd documents with information of value for the user and mailing services fi lter spam messages automatically. Various algorithms are used for clustering and classifi cation of text data; most popular are k-means, SVM, neural networks. An upcoming trend in automatic processing of texts is development of probabilistic topic modelling algorithms. Topic modelling is a method of building of a topic model of a text documents collection. The topic model sets the ratio between topics and documents in the corpus of texts. For the fi rst-time topic modelling was described in the paper by C. Papadimitriou, P. Raghavan, H. Tamaki, and S. Vempala in 1998 [1]. Thomas Hoffman in 1999 proposed probabilistic latent semantic indexing (PLSI) [2]. One of most popular topic models is Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), this model is the generalization of probabilistic semantic indexing and was developed by David Blei, Andrew Ng and Michael I. Jordan in 2002 [3]. Other topic models are usually an extension to LDA. Fig. 1 is an example of building a topic model of a document. Algorithms of topic modelling are oriented at the work with a natural language text. Initial solutions were based on a suggestion that text is a "bag of words", i. e. word order in the text is of no value. Further models have successfully implemented algorithms that consider dependencies between words with the help of latent Markovian models. The review [4] considers fi ve primary Abstract. This paper proposes a special corpus for testing algorithms Topic model SCTM-ru. In the conditions of the prompt growth of quantity of data, the problem of development of tools and systems for their automatic processing. To create systems and testing algorithms should be suitable datasets. Existence of free collections of documents, text corpora in Russian, is necessary for researches methods of natural language processing, considering linguistic features of language. Designated special housing requirements: must be distributed under a free license, the number of documents should be suffi cient for the study, must include the text of documents in natural language should contain demanded algorithms Topic model information. The comparative analysis of corpus in Russian and foreign languages is carried out, discrepancy of characteristics of the existing corpus with the designated requirements is revealed.


Human β-N-acetylhexosaminidases are involved in lysosomal catabolism of glycosphingolipids (gangliosides), essential membrane components of eukaryotic cell surface [1]. The mutations in genes for β-N-acetylhexosaminidase lead to its reduced activity and to a series of fatal inherited metabolic disorders including Tay-Sachs' and Sandhoff's diseases. As a consequence of the reduced activity or absence of β-Nacetylhexosaminidase, the brain cell lysosomes become engorged with indigestible substrates and child patients begin to suffer seizures, blindness, and degeneration of motor and mental performance and dies within a few years [2]. In mammalian mast cells, rather than in the lysosome. most of the β-N-acetylhexosaminidase is localized in the granules, rather in the lysosome. Therefore, β-N-acetylhexosaminidase is used as a typical marker of mast cell degranulation, which is related to allergic reactions [3].


We present a theory of the electronic and optical properties of a charged artificial benzene ring (ABR). The ABR is described by the extended Hubbard model solved using exact diagonalization methods in both real and Fourier space as a function of tunneling matrix element t, Hubbard on-site repulsion U and inter-dot interaction V. In the strongly interacting case we present exact analytical results for the spectrum of the hole in a half-filled ABR dressed by spin excitations of remaining electrons. The spectrum is interpreted in terms of the appearance of a topological phase associated with an effective gauge field piercing through the ring. We show that the maximally spin polarized (S=5/2) and maximally spin depolarised (S=1/2) states are the lowest energy, orbitally non degenerate, states. We discuss the evolution of the phase diagram and level crossings as interactions are switched off and the ground state becomes spin non-degenerate but orbitally degenerate S=1/2. We present a theory of optical absorption spectra and show that the evolution of the ground and excited states, level crossings and presence of artificial gauge can be detected optically.


Herein we present a case of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and a sterile empyematous pleural effusion, a complication not generally associated with SLE. A discussion of the diagnostic and treatment dilemmas follows the case presentation.


The purpose of this case report was to describe the radiological features by computed tomography and a modification in the fixation of the rotation after the usual transverse osteotomy: an external fixation was used; it allows post-operative vascular assessment with the possibility to derotate the correction in case of circulatory or neural impairment.


Only if the programmer can prove (through formal machine-checkable proofs) it is free of bugs with respect to a claim of dependability.


Solution‐processed oxide semiconductors (OSs) used as channel layer have been presented as a solution to the demand for flexible, cheap, and transparent thin‐film transistors (TFTs). In order to produce high‐performance and long‐sustainable portable devices with the solution‐processed OS TFTs, the low‐operational voltage driving current is a key issue. Experimentally, increasing the gate‐insulator capacitances by high‐k dielectrics in the OS TFTs has significantly improved the field‐effect mobility of the OS TFTs. But, methodical examinations of how the field‐effect mobility depends on gate capacitance have not been presented yet. Here, a systematic analysis of the field‐effect mobility on the gate capacitances in the solution‐processed OS TFTs is presented, where the multiple‐trapping‐and‐release and hopping percolation mechanism are used to describe the electrical conductivity of the nanocrystalline and amorphous OSs, respectively. An intuitive single‐piece expression showing how the field‐effect mobility depends on gate capacitance is developed based on the aforementioned mechanisms. The field‐effect mobility, depending on the gate capacitances, of the fabricated ZnO and ZnSnO TFTs clearly follows the theoretical prediction. In addition, the way in which the gate insulator properties (e.g., gate capacitance or dielectric constant) affect the field‐effect mobility maximum in the nanocrystalline ZnO and amorphous ZnSnO TFTs are investigated.


Introduction: There is still controversy regarding the treatment of acute Lumbar Radicular pain. Most authorities recommend bed rest, anti-inflammatory medication and physical therapy (Riew et al JBJS 1982 and Tulder ET AL Spine 22–1997) Comparing the outcome of operative and conservative treatment in selected patients many authors (Weber et al, Hakelius et al) did not find any significant difference after first year and no difference after 4 years. However many patients treated conservatively complains of persistent pain and seek further intervention. Aim: We did a prospective study to determine the effectiveness of selective nerve root injection in relieving pain in patients with Lumbar radicular pain. Material and Methods: We included 27 consecutive patients in our study, who had selective nerve root block. Inclusion criteria were Degenerative Lumbar Radicular pain or spinal stenosis, MRI correlating with Lumbar radiculopathy and no benefit from 6 weeks Anti-inflammatory medication, Rest, Physical treatment and activity modification. Informed consent taken from all patients for this study. Each patient was given Low Back Pain outcome score questionnaire of Greenough and Fraser and Oswestry Disability index of Fairbank, to be filled pre and post injection in day ward and at regular intervals up to 3 months post-injection. Adcortyl 20mg with 1 ml of 1% Lignocaine were injected under image in theatre after confirming the site with radioculogram and pain replication. Results: From the total of 27 patients, 25 (92%) showed improvement in their symptoms in first week. Out of these 25 patients, 18(66%) had long-term improvement and 7(26%) showed short-term relief. Statistically significant improvement at every stage of assessment was observed. Conclusion: The selective nerve root block combined with careful history, physical examination and quality radiolographic studies, is an important tool in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with predominant Lumbar radicular symptoms. It gives acceptable results in form of pain relief in 3 months. It has a role in lumbar Radicular pain largely in patients where surgery is not appropriate for whatever reasons.


Legal Name DMACC Records_________________________________________________________________________________ (Last) Please Print (First) (M) NAME CHANGE New Legal Name: _______________________________________________________________________________________ (Last) (First) (M) Preferred First Name: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ADDRESS CHANGE Street/Box No. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ (Apt.) City/State/Zip/Country. ________________________________________________________________________________________


There is today unprecedented interest in biblical theology as a discipline separate from OT and NT theology. Biblical scholars and systematic theologians are engaged in biblical theology as theological reflection on the entire Bible.2 Negative assessments regarding the future of biblical theology made in fairly recent times appear to stand in need of revision. Contrary to what is happening today, John J. Collins wrote in 1990, "Biblical theology is a subject in decline.") About a decade ago Paul Hanson stated, "Most assessments [of the future of biblical theology] these days are marked by deep pessimism."' Henning Graf Reventlow noted at about the same time that "a 'biblical


Originally published in 1976 under the same title in Micronesian Independent and under the title, "Tragic End for Troubled Youth," in the Micronesian Reporter; published in 1977 as "Suicide Beckons Micronesia" in the Pacific Daily News and as "Suicide Epidemic Among Micronesian Youth" in the South Pacific Bulletin


Abstract X-ray topographs have been taken in situ during tensile plastic deformation of initially dislocation-free copper single crystals. In as-produced crystals no dislocations were generated out to the abrupt yield point, which was comparable with the Instron measurements reported in Part I (Kamada and Tanner 1974). Yielding proceeded by rapid propagation of the deformation front down the crystal and no anomalous transmission topographs were obtained in the easy-glide region. Evidence is produced to suggest that the initial sources are associated with dislocations introduced near the grips during mounting. Synchrotron X-ray topographs, taken sequentially on nuclear plates, of a crystal electroplated with 1 μm Cr showed markedly different features. At a stress level of 91 g/mm2 yielding occurred as coarse, inhomogeneous, single slip; this stress level being in very good agreement with that measured in an Instron on similar crystals and reported in Part II (Buckley-Golder and Tanner 1979). At a stress of...


"Allusion" is a common rhetoric device in composing poetry and prose.The Six Dynasties and the Northern Son Dynasty witness much discussion about allusion in poetry,while after the Southern Song Dynasty,scholars start studying allusion in various sorts of prose along with the change in the examining subjects of the imperial examination and the rise of rhetorics.The allusion and alluding approach in prose of the Song and the Yuan Dynasties trace back to the alluding approach in poetry,but both alluding approaches in poetry and in prose have their own features.Allusion is frequently appear in modern prose and even in oral language,and therefore there is still life and pragmatic value in the alluding approach summed up in the rhetorics in Song and Yuan Dynasties.


Centruroides serrano sp. nov. from the Sierra Juarez of Oaxaca (Villa Alta District) is described. This is the eleventh species of the genus reported from Oaxaca and the fi rst one reported from this area. It occurs from 500 m to 1 500 m. It is compared to C. baergi Hoffmann, 1932, C. nigrovariatus Pocock, 1898 and C. hoffmanni Armas, 1996 due to its overall similarity. To separate these 4 species, a principal component analysis was conducted. A list of the species of this genus from Oaxaca is provided.


The authors experienced an autopsy case of mediastinal tumor in a 32‐year‐old male. Patho‐hlstological examination of the tumor revealed a peculiar feature of communicating cavities with papillary processes and perivascular arrangement of cylindric epithelium. It could be regarded as Teilum's endodermal sinus tumor and its proper identification from other embryonic tumors was reconfirmed as compared with endodermal sinus structure observed In placentae of rodents. The present case revealed an uncomplicated malignant growth of extra‐embryonic endo‐meso‐dermal elements.


INTRODUCTION
We investigated in a prospective, observational trial the feasibility of using the Eustachian tube function test (ETFT) to measure the effect of repetitive pressure exposure during open seawater dives on Eustachian tube function.

METHODS
The study included 28 adult divers during six consecutive days of diving in the Red Sea. Participants underwent otoscopy and ETFT before the first dive, between each dive and after the last dive. ETFT included regular tympanometry (R-tymp), tympanometry after Valsalva (V-tymp) and after swallowing (S-tymp). The R-tymp was obtained as 'baseline' peak pressure. After a Valsalva, the peak pressure should shift (positively), revealing a positive shift of the tympanic membrane. This pressure shift is defined here as R-VdP. The changes in compliance and peak pressure were recorded and correlated with otoscopic findings and diving experience. Middle ear barotrauma was scored using the Edmonds modified TEED scale.

RESULTS
The 28 participants performed 437 dives. Positive shift of pressure in the middle ear was evident with significant changes from day one to day three (P < 0.0001). Divers with barotrauma showed significantly lower values of R-tymp peak pressure and significantly higher negative R-VdP, compared to divers with normal otoscopic findings (P < 0.05). Diving experience significantly correlated with R-tymp peak pressure and prevalence of middle ear barotrauma.

CONCLUSION
Significant changes in middle ear pressure and pressure equalization from repeated pressure exposure in saltwater were seen using ETFT. Repetitive, multi-day diving led to significantly decreased compliance and increased R-tymp peak pressure (overpressure) in the middle ear. Most profound changes were observed in less and intermediate experienced divers.


Precession and Weissenberg films of a single crystal of synthesized brannerite show that the compound is monoclinic, C2/m with a = 9.87, b = 3.76, c = 6.95 Aa, beta = 119 degrees 309. The cell contains 2[UTi 2 O 6 ]. Sp. gr. (meas.) = 6.35, (calc.) = 6.36. The cell constants and space group are compatible with the forms observed by Pabst on natural crystals in terms of the theoretical form development predicted by the Donnay generalization of the Bravais law. It suggests that brannerite regains its original structure on ignition.


Crystalline hydrated double carbonates of rare-earth elements and sodium were obtained by adding sodium carbonate solutions to rare-earth chloride solutions. The formula of the precipitates was det...


This paper investigates a fundamental problem of scene understanding: how to parse a scene image into a structured configuration (i.e., a semantic object hierarchy with object interaction relations). We propose a deep architecture consisting of two networks: i) a convolutional neural network (CNN) extracting the image representation for pixel-wise object labeling and ii) a recursive neural network (RsNN) discovering the hierarchical object structure and the inter-object relations. Rather than relying on elaborative annotations (e.g., manually labeled semantic maps and relations), we train our deep model in a weakly-supervised learning manner by leveraging the descriptive sentences of the training images. Specifically, we decompose each sentence into a semantic tree consisting of nouns and verb phrases, and apply these tree structures to discover the configurations of the training images. Once these scene configurations are determined, then the parameters of both the CNN and RsNN are updated accordingly by back propagation. The entire model training is accomplished through an Expectation-Maximization method. Extensive experiments show that our model is capable of producing meaningful and structured scene configurations, and achieving more favorable scene labeling results on PASCAL VOC 2012 and SYSU-Scenes datasets compared to other state-of-the-art weakly-supervised deep learning methods. In particular, SYSU-Scenes is a dedicated dataset released by us to facilitate further research on scene parsing, which contains more than 5000 scene images with their sentence-based semantic descriptions.


PURPOSE: To read a display having different reflectivity parts by providing one common scanning mirror, a short-range laser emitting optical device for short-range scanning operations, and a long-range laser emitting optical device. CONSTITUTION: When a trigger 12 is pulled to the position of a first detent at the time of long-range operations, a logic switch network 32 in a combinational dual scanner selects a long-range laser diode and the appropriate sighting scanning amplitude of a scanning motor is selected when the scanner is operated in a sighting mode. When the trigger 12 is pulled to the position of a second detent, the network 32 selects a laser beam for long range and a long-range scanning amplitude. At the time of short-range operations, on the other hand, an operator sets the sight of the scanner on bar codes at a short distance and actuates a trigger switch by directly pulling the trigger 12 to the position of the second detent. The network 32 selects a short-range laser diode 18 and a short-range scanning amplitude based on the shortest residence time at the position of the first detent. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO


Critical power: Over 95 years of evidence and evolution The letter by Broxterman et al. was intended to publish with a response entitled, Critical power: Over 95 years of "evidence" and "evolution" by Gorostiaga et al. but the response was inadvertently published and printed in an earlier issue of Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports (SMS), issue 32:5 (https://onlin elibr ary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/ sms.14154). The publisher apologizes for this error and any confusion it may cause. When citing this article, please cite it as per its original publication in issue 32:5. REFERENCES 1. Broxterman RM, Craig JC, Kirby BS. Critical power: Over 95 years of evidence and evolution. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32:933– 934. doi:10.1111/sms.14154. 2. Gorostiaga EM, GarciaTabar I, SánchezMedina L. Critical power: Over 95 years of "evidence" and "evolution". Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2022;32:1069– 1071. doi:10.1111/sms.14159.


The author links Chaucer's writings with the medieval optical tradition in its various forms (scholastic texts, encyclopedias, exempla, vernacular poetry) both in general cultural terms and through the discussion of specific examples. He shows how the science of optics, or perspectiva, provides an account of spatial perception, including visual error, and demonstrates how these aspects of optical theory impact on Chaucer's poetry. He provides detailed and sustained analysis of the spatial content of narratives across the range of Chaucer's works, relating them to optical ideas and making use of Lefebvre's theory of the production of space. The texts discussed include the Book of the Duchess, House of Fame, Knight's Tale, Miller's Tale, Reeve's Tale, Merchant's Tale, Squire's Tale and Troilus and Criseyde.


Patients undergoing percutaneous foramen ovale (FO) cannulation procedures often require additional CT guidance and suffer complications from unsuccessful attempts at puncturing the foramen ovale. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess the percutaneous entry points for foramen ovale cannulation to decrease procedural risks and improve procedural consistency. Skin entry locations were identified by "reverse" cannulation— transmitting a cannula from target site (intracranially) to the surface of the skin in cadavers. A total of 70 sides were cannulated (26 Male, 44 Female). A cannula was entered through the 1) central porous trigeminus (PT) and central FO, 2) lateral PT and medial FO, and 3) medial PT and lateral FO, for a total of three trajectories. A cannula exit point (i.e., "skin entry point") was identified by measuring the distance from angle of the mouth. The average lateral and superior‐inferior distance that the cannula exited the skin for the central PT and central FO was 25.4±7.12mm and 2.39 ±11.8mm (mean ± SD), respectively. The average lateral and superior‐inferior distance for the lateral PT and medial FO yielded 13.6 ±5.87mm and 0.128 ± 9.93 mm, respectively. When entered through the medial PT and lateral FO, the cannula was unable to exit the skin due to bony obstruction in 66 out of 70 sides. The results of this study will improve the surgical approach to foramen ovale cannulation.


Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a systemic disorder that can be taken as the prototype to study the molecular and pathological modus operandi of chronic autoimmune inflammation. While the exact cause of RA is unknown, the disruption of immune tolerance is a central driver in the pathogenesis of this disease. It has been proposed that the immune system is prematurely aged in RA patients and that features of immunosenescence, such as the decline in T cell generation and diversity, contribute to the initiation and perpetuation of RA. Several features of premature aging have been recently identified in hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC) from patients with RA (RA-HSPC). Specifically, RA-HSPC are decreased in frequency, have prematurely shortened telomeres, reduced proliferative potential, and display an increased propensity toward myeloid differentiation. The mechanisms underlying the defects in RA-HSPC and their contribution to disease onset however are incompletely understood. The work presented in the first section of this thesis, described in Chapter 2, contributes further evidence to the characterization of RA-HSPC. We demonstrate that RA-HSPC have increased DNA damage compared to healthy controls. The accumulation of DNA damage in RA-HSPC was also associated with other functional defects that have been previously reported in HSPC from healthy elderly individuals, such as increased susceptibility to cell death, decreased clonogenic potential, and increased proportion of circulating immature CD34+CD38- subsets. We further demonstrate that the CD34+CD38- subpopulation in RA is hyporesponsive to cytokines that stimulate self-renewal. In the second study, presented in Chapter 3, we assessed extrinsic mechanisms that could be relevant to RA-HSPC immunosenescence. Specifically, we examined the crosstalk between HSPC and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC), which are a critical component of the HSPC bone marrow microenvironment. Using an in vitro co-culture system, we evaluated how age related defects in MSC impact HSPC viability, proliferation and the frequency of CD34+ subpopulations. We further demonstrate that similar to radiation-induced senescent MSC in contrast to MSC from pediatric donors (age 40 years) have an impaired capacity to maintain HSPC quiescence. This difference is in part mediated by the increased production of IL-6 by adult- and senescent-MSC and by neutralizing IL-6, we were able to restore normal MSC-HSPC crosstalk. The work presented herein demonstrates that RA-HSPC from treatment naive patients have intrinsic defects that could impact their key function in immune system regeneration. Moreover, it provides evidence that the aging of the microenvironment could further contribute to the RA-HSPC defects.%%%%La polyarthrite rhumatoide (PR) est une maladie systemique qui peut etre considere comme le prototype de l'etude moleculaire et pathologiques modus operandi de l'inflammation chronique auto-immune. Bien que la cause exacte de la PR soit inconnue, la…


This paper analyses the performance and the emerging forms of governance of schooling in the countries of the southern model of welfare state (Ferrera, 1996, 2000). Four countries – Spain, Portugal, Greece and Italy – will be analysed in the context of the 'lifelong learning policy' and the wider Lisbon strategy. The common belonging of these countries to the Southern European model of welfare is linked to their 'difficulty' (and the relative 'distance' from the European standards) in the alignment with the policy technologies of the EU. The paper describes the performances together with some of the differences in translating the logic of decentralisation. It then aims at discussing different lines of interpretations (macro-social, institutional, cultural) for these enduring


The present paper proposes a method in which a multiuser system with different receivers having different Field of view (FOV) has been used to reduce channel correlation in visible light communication (VLC), which will be helpful for signal separation at the user terminal. FOV of receivers would be different at different room location based on RMS delay of reflected light from walls. In the simulation, both LOS and NON-LOS components of light have been considered. Simulation results show that as delay decreases bit rate increases. Therefore receiver with narrower FOV is placed at the center of the room as the bit rate is maximum at that location whereas FOV with wider FOV is placed at the corner.


This study sequenced 1077 SARS-CoV-2 genomes from patient isolates (106 from arriving travellers and 971 from communities) to track the molecular evolution and spatio-temporal dynamics of the SARS-CoV-2 variants in Ghana. The data show that initial local transmission was dominated by B.1.1 lineages, but the second wave in Ghana was overwhelmingly driven by the Alpha variant, which was detected in community cases from January 2021, with Eta also contributing to reported cases. Subsequently, an unheralded variant under monitoring, B.1.1.318, dominated transmission from April to June 2021 before being displaced by Delta (B.1.1.617) and Delta Plus (AY.*) variants, which were introduced into community transmission in May 2021 and have remained dominant to date. Mutational analysis indicated that variants that took hold in Ghana harboured transmission enhancing and immune escape spike substitutions. The apparent rapid viral evolution observed demonstrate the potential for emergence of novel variants with greater mutational fitness.


The Cabibbo‐Kobayashi‐Maskawa parameter |Vcb| plays an important role in our effort to challenge the Yukawa sector of the Standard Model. The present status of our knowledge will be summarized with particular emphasis to the interplay between theoretical and experimental advances needed to improve upon present uncertainties.


This research analyses the types of the functional and structural uses of adverbs in letter writing in English revealing the linguistic and non-linguistic implications in both teaching and learning in the South Asian countries like Sri Lanka. It synthesizes, classifies and describes the types, functions, positions, quantity and quality and deviations. This is a case study of the texts produced by the students from Tamil and Sinhala language communities of Vavuniya Campus of the University of Jaffna in Sri Lanka. The analysis is both quantitative and qualitative. The findings distinguish the patterns and pragmatic uses typical of a non-native ESL learning context. It finds out that structurally prepositional phrase and single-word and functionally, time, place and manner dominate as adverbs in the use. The inefficient and ineffective use of noun phrase, adverb particle, adverbial clause, and sentence adverb, the learner incompetence of the distinction between adverb and the rest of the linguistic units, within their types and within their functions were identified and suggests a curriculum design or teaching methodology to incorporate this distinction.


To audit the current Dutch policy of prenatal detection of isolated open spina bifida based on offering detailed ultrasound examination only on indication.


The electrical industry has experienced a change in direction to intelligent electrical energy network technologies and new requirements for stability and reliability of key network components, over the last 10 to 15 years. This development will continue in the future. Furthermore the developed markets like Europe, US and Japan are facing an aging fleet of key network components, which should be economical operated, without breakdowns till end of their operational life. Additional to that, refurbishment programs based on results of diagnostic and monitoring are being developed to overhaul aged parts and to extend the life of the key components. In addition to that, the deregulation of the electrical energy market forced a higher attention to the cost factors. Transformers are one of the key components in the network. As such, transformer monitoring parameters like Partial Discharge (PD) are gaining more importance. Conventional PD monitoring is being used, mainly through bushing taps, but suffers from determining the origin of a detected discharge. Newer approaches like UHF PD monitoring are becoming state of the art. The UHF signal, transmitted by a fast discharge impulse will be picked up by a UHF antenna (sensor – disc like plate, mounted to a transformer). UHF sensors for transformers are intrusive and can be integrated, installed best during engineering and transformer manufacturing. The advantages of the UHF method are the noise immunity and high sensitivity. Furthermore by installing several sensors (4 to 6) a localization of the PD source is possible. Even thought, this unconventional PD measurement method cannot be calibrated, localization and sensitivity verification would allow the user to estimate a magnitude range of a PD source in pC.


The integration of a document analysis and understanding (DAU) system in workflow management systems (WFMS) allows to bridge the gap between paper documents and workflow management enabled business processes. With this integration it will be possible to assign the incoming business letters to the correct workflow instance, to support the data capturing by clerks, and to integrate the paper based part of the business processes in the workflow management concept of an organization. This paper describes the concept of a generic integration of the systems and the benefits which arise from the cooperation.


Microstrip gap is a common discontinuity in planar structures. Circuit modeling of gap as capacitances convert microstrip line to a high pass transmission line. Novel defected microstrip structure (DMS) is presented to model gap discontinuity. 3D full wave simulations show the presented model is valid up to near 30GHz until higher order modes features will appear. Planar structures have found useful various applications in microwave instruments fabrication and generally microwave engineering. Producing difierent types of antennas, fllters, couplers and etc are simple models of this increas- ing interest. One of bold features of these structures is Flexibility and using changes in their structures to achieve better performance. In this regard, new structures such as defected ground structures (DGS), coupled resonators, defected microstrip structures (DMS) and etc have been developed. Microwave discontinuity like gap, T-shape, bend, step and etc. are some common changes that apply to microwave structures for leading to speciflc design performances. In this paper, gap structure studying in microstrip and presenting new structure using defected mirostrip structures (DMS) has been discussed. 2. MICROSTRIP GAP A microstrip line can generally be assumed as transmission line. transmission lines are low pass fllters that their cutofi frequencies are much higher than our common frequencies. This cut ofi frequency is limited by higher order modes (non Qausi-TEM). Two general circuit models were presented for microstrip gap (1,7). Equivalent line length ¢lg of Fig. 3 may be calculated as (1)


Objective\ To study the polymorphism of human platelet antigens.Methods\ DNA typing methods were originally developed to determine the genotypes of five human platelet antigen(HPA) systems (HPA 1,2,3,4,5).The gene frequencies of these platelet antigens were determined by DNA typing of 120 unrelated blood donors in Hefei.Results\ The gene frequencies of the low frequency antigens were 0 009,0 000 and 0 032 for HPA 1b,HPA 4b and HPA 5b respectively.All 120 donors showed HPA 4a.Moreover,none of the donors tested had two or more of these low frequency antigens.Conclusion\ The risk of neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia and refractoriness to platelet transfusion induced by the antigens of the HPA 1,HPA 3 and HPA 5 systems are extremely rare in Hefei.However,attention must be paid to the involvement of the HPA 2 and HPA 3 systems in these clinical disorders.


In this note, a logarithmic improved regularity criteria for the micropolar fluid equations are established in terms of the velocity field or the pressure in the homogeneous Besov space. AMS Subject Classifications: 35Q35, 35B65, 76D05 Chinese Library Classifications: O175.29


The external corrosion direct assessment (ECDA) is an important method for city gas pipeline integrity management (PIM).The four basic process steps of ECDA including pre-assessment,indirect inspection,direct inspection and post-assessment are discussed.Combined with the actual situation of medium pressure gas network in a city of South China,the ECDA is applied to the actual project of city gas pipeline,and good results are achieved,which provides a reliable basis for PIM.


In this paper, we explore two different methods of finding the degrees of degeneracy for lattice model systems, specifically constructing one with a Fibonacci degree of degeneracy. We also calculate the number of ground states per site as the golden ratio $(\phi)$ for the system that we constructed, ending with a few open questions that we may examine for future works.


Foreign trade is playing a major role in Turkey?s economic development and prosperity. For this reason it is required to provide diversification of export products for obtaining the expected return on foreign trade. The aim of this study is to analyse the developments in Turkey?s foreign trade diversification. In this context Gini-Hirschman concentration method was made use of and concentration coefficients were calculated for import and export on the basis of both country and product making use of the concentration made. Statistical findings obtained on product basis have revealed that although diversification of products exported increased in both periods this increase did not realize at the expected rate. On the other hand, the change in the diversification of products imported is bigger than export but change occurred in the direction of decrease in diversification rather than in the direction of increase. Country based concentration decreased in terms of both export and import.


This paper presents a GPU-accelerated Cholesky factorization for two different modes of operation. The first one is the batch mode, where many independent factorizations on small matrices can be performed concurrently. This mode supports fixed size and variable size problems, and is found in many scientific applications. The second mode is the native mode, where one factorization is performed on a large matrix ccepted 24 December 2016 vailable online 31 December 2016


In this essay, we address the educational program and experiences of the Brazilian Landless Workers' Movement (MST), as found in its camps, settlements, schools, and political training courses. One of the most active organized social movements in Brazil during the last thirty years, the MST combines political struggle with the organization of worker-controlled enterprises and educational opportunities for landless workers and their families. We begin with an excerpt from a report by one of us (Janaina Stronzake), which illustrates the ways in which the material conditions of an MST encampment led to a different kind of school, focused on the needs of students from the countryside.


In chronic and acute experiments under nembutal anaesthesia, studies have been made on the evoked potentials (EP) elicited by light stimuli in the colliculus superior and in the visual cortex (area 17). It was found that under chronic experiments the EP in the colliculus superior and visual cortex exhibit close (12 +/- 1 and 12 +/- 2 msec. respectively) latent periods; refractory periods determined by paired flashes for both of the parts are equal to 50--70 msec. Critical frequency for EP reproduction of rhythmic flashes in both visual centers is also identical, reaching 20--25/sec. EP with a short latent period equal to that of the EP in the visual cortex were also detected in the frontal and motor cortex, as well as in the hippocamp. The problem of telencephalization of the retinotectal path of the visual system is discussed.


The aim of this article is to examine the relationship between the Indian stock market and the domestic and global economic policy uncertainty (EPU) during the period: January 2003–June 2020. The study employed unit root tests, Johansen cointegration test, vector error correction model (VECM), Granger causality test and impulse response function (IRF) for the analysis. This study finds the evidence for the presence of long-run equilibrium relationship between the stock market, domestic economic policy uncertainty (DEPU) and global economic policy uncertainty (GEPU) in India. The findings suggest that there is bidirectional causality between DEPU and stock market; however, no causality is found between GEPU and stock market in either direction. Also, it is found that there is bidirectional causality between DEPU and GEPU. The findings of the study may help policymakers to formulate decisive monetary and fiscal policies to achieve financial stability and are important for the financial investors and hedgers for portfolio allocations in India. JEL Codes: C32, D80, G12


In this paper, we propose a method for structure lane detection; the method is based on two features: color and direction. This method can improve the robustness and accuracy of lane detection. Two kinds of saliency map have been calculated: color saliency map and direction saliency map. The final saliency map is the combination of the two map mentioned above. The binary image is getting from the final saliency map, and the feature points which used for fitting have been selected. The road region is segmented by the lanes. Experiment result shows that the proposed method produces better performance against some other methods.


Esthesioneuroblastoma or olfactory neuroblastoma (ONB) is a rare malignant neuroectodermal tumor accounting for 2% of all intranasal tumors with a reported incidence of 0.4 per million. We report an interesting case of ONB associated with hypertension, suspicious for paraneoplastic syndrome.

 A 41-year-old male with clinical symptoms of chronic sinusitis presented with gradually worsening unilateral nasal obstruction. Computerized tomography demonstrated a 2.1-cm expansile mass in left ethmoid sinus. Examination revealed a swollen, erythematous middle turbinate. A left ethmoidectomy was performed.

 Histologic examination of the specimen revealed lobular nests of monomorphic small cells with round nuclei, salt and pepper chromatin, and indistinct cytoplasm embedded in a fibrillary stroma with abundant neuropil. Mitosis, necrosis, and nuclear pleomorphism were absent. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic cells were positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, CD56, and neuron-specific enolase and negative for pancytokeratin AE1/AE3, CAM 5.2, and CD45. S-100 focally highlighted the sustentacular cells. A diagnosis of ONB, Hyams grade 1 was made. Of note, the patient had a history of hypertension and the original surgery had been cancelled due to hypertensive urgency. With the suspicion of a paraneoplastic hypertension, his catecholamines were ordered; however, he failed to follow up for his scheduled testing. Five weeks postoperative, he was seen in the emergency department and found to be normotensive without antihypertensive medication. The clinical findings are strongly suggestive of paraneoplastic hypertension associated with ONB.

 ONB is a rare tumor associated with a high recurrence rate due to its anatomical location. Survival rates are best with surgical resection followed by radiotherapy. ONB may rarely be associated with paraneoplastic syndromes. Review of available literature reveals only five reported cases of ONB with paraneoplastic hypertension. The rarity of this tumor and the clinical presentation highly suspicious for paraneoplastic hypertension make this case uniquely interesting.


(54) STYRENE-FREE UNSATURATED (58) Field of Classification Search ................. 526/229, POLYESTER RESIN COMPOSITIONS 526/317.1, 303.1, 283, 290; 525/290, 75, 525/278, 445, 312, 263,286, 192, 193, 207 (75) Inventors: John C. Hewitt, Collierville, TN (US); See application file for complete search history. John E. McAlvin, Collierville, TN (US); (56) References Cited Paul Taylor Hutson, Memphis, TN (US); Amber E. Craig, Collierville, TN U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS


This presentation briefly reviews the SiC/SiC major environmental and environment-fatigue degradations encountered in simulated turbine combustion environments, and thus NASA environmental barrier coating system evolution for protecting the SiC/SiC Ceramic Matrix Composites for meeting the engine performance requirements. The presentation will review several generations of NASA EBC materials systems, EBC-CMC component system technologies for SiC/SiC ceramic matrix composite combustors and turbine airfoils, highlighting the temperature capability and durability improvements in simulated engine high heat flux, high pressure, high velocity, and with mechanical creep and fatigue loading conditions. This paper will also focus on the performance requirements and design considerations of environmental barrier coatings for next generation turbine engine applications. The current development emphasis is placed on advanced NASA candidate environmental barrier coating systems for SiC/SiC CMCs, their performance benefits and design limitations in long-term operation and combustion environments. The efforts have been also directed to developing prime-reliant, self-healing 2700F EBC bond coat; and high stability, lower thermal conductivity, and durable EBC top coats. Major technical barriers in developing environmental barrier coating systems, the coating integrations with next generation CMCs having the improved environmental stability, erosion-impact resistance, and long-term fatigue-environment system durability performance will be described. The research and development opportunities for turbine engine environmental barrier coating systems by utilizing improved compositions, state-of-the-art processing methods, and simulated environment testing and durability modeling will be briefly discussed.


SUMMARY The association of epithelial and stromal malignant neoplasm is very rare, with few reported cases, rarer still is the prescence of malignant epithelial tumor and stromal benign tumor. We present the case of women aged 65 with preoperative diagnosis of endometrial carcinoma, which in the pathological examination was found an intramural benign endometrial stromal lesion, without continuity between both tumors.


ii This dissertation, "The Use of a 3D Perfusion Bioreactor with Osteoblasts and Osteoblast/Endothelial Cell Co-cultures to Improve Tissue-Engineered Bone," is hereby approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in the field of Biomedical Engineering.


The use of X-ray computerized tomography (CT) for the measurement of residual saturations and porosity distributions in heterogeneous carbonate cores is illustrated. In this paper, semivariograms of porosity are calculated and used to determine correlation lengths on the laboratory scale. The relationship between residual saturation and porosity is presented for two different cores.


The performance of disk I/O for large data transfer is driven by compression ratio. In this paper, we studied and explored the compression of large column-store databases and proposed the organization of the compressed data on the concept of dictionary encoding logical compression scheme in matrix form. Our experiment shows that with proposed compression algorithm, TPC-H query performance may improve up to 21% approximately and space consumption may reduce by 2%.


Concerned about the organic modification of the montmorillonite clay,and the modified montmorillonite was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer(FTIR),X-ray diffraction(XRD),the scanning electron microscope(SEM);simultaneously used the solution intercalation prepared ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer(EVOH)/montmorillonite(MMT)nanocomposite membrane;and treated it with UV-irradiation.The result indicated the modified montmorillonite clay surface became hydrophobic from hydrophilic;the level distance increased to 3.5 nm from 1.467 nm;the mechanical properties and barrier properties of composite membrane had improved after treated under UV-irradiation,at the same time the transparency of composite films was not affected.


The main aim of my diploma thesis is to map and present sound design and its practical aspects. I study what the sound design consists of and which parts are the most significant to it. I aim at articulation of the basic aspects of sound design, their presentation and analysis. The main goal is to present motion design as an area in which sound design is very significant part along with graphic design and animation. One of my goals is to show the importance of sound design and its role in motion design, whether in terms of immersion, storytelling, delivery of the main meaning or emotions of individual scenes. In the first part of my diploma thesis I present theoretical meaning of motion design as a modern tool of communication and the parts that it consists of. Moving on, I present the role of sound design in animated videos, the process of creation and the phases and techniques of sound design. The final part of my diploma thesis consists of case study in which I present all the aspects on the example of the video of Hudebni banka, which was made by Motionhouse, the studio that works on creating animated videos. The case study presents the role and the process of making the sound design for this particular video. The method of my work is the analysis of theory of the single aspects of sound design and the method of the case study in which I present the process of making motion design videos and the sound design and its roles.


The supplier evaluation is important for supplier chain management. In this paper, we put forward and establish a model based on the Discrete Hopfield Neural Network (DHNN) for supplier evaluation. Combined with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), this model can realize the multi-goal evaluation and strengthens the objectivity of supplier selection. According to the weights of evaluation goals, we divide all neurons into groups of different scales. So the DHNN's difficulty in expressing the evaluation goal's weight is solved. Finally,we verified the validity of the model with an example.


Using data from the Labour Research Department's Payline bank of collective agreements, and drawing on case studies of the (male-dominated) rail transport and (female-dominated) food retail sectors, this article analyses agreement on enhanced work–family benefits, focusing on maternity and paternity leave and pay, and Shared Parental Leave (SPL) and pay. The opportunity structure for bargaining, consisting of internal and external factors encouraging or facilitating union engagement with work–family measures, has developed unevenly in the British case, resulting in only a small number of agreements overall. Collectively agreed provision offers significant benefits mainly for maternity leave and pay. The analysis finds evidence of a dynamic of bargaining whereby those organisations with enhanced maternity pay continued to extend provision and to introduce new enhancements for fathers through paternity leave, but also identifies the limits of this dynamic due to complexity of policy design. The article argues that trade unions can coordinate bargaining strategy even in the absence of formal mechanisms for doing so, but that local strategy depends on the external opportunity structure at all levels.


Suınmary: In the present study, the efficacy of albendazole and oxfendazole on the secondary hydatidosis was investigated. For this purpose, 15-25 days old female and male, totally ISO albino mice were infected with intraperitoneal injection of approximately 6000 viable protoscolices derived from sheep livers hydatid cysts. Scolex viabiUty 'was verifled by morphology, movement, flame cell activity and eosin uptake.


In recent years, the advancement of computerized modeling has allowed for the creation of extensive pneumatic tire models. These models have been used to determine many tire properties and tire-road interaction parameters which are either prohibitively expensive or unavailable with physical models. More recently, computerized modeling has been used to explore tire-soil interactions. The new parameters created by these interactions were defined for these models, but accurate soil constitutive equations were lacking. With the previous models, the soil was simulated using Finite Element Analysis (FEA). However, the meshless modeling method of Smooth Particle Hydrodynamics (SPH) may be a viable approach to more accurately simulating large soil deformations and complex tire-soil interactions. With both the FEA and SPH soils modeled as elastic-plastic solids, simplified soil tests are conducted. First, pressure-sinkage tests are used to explore the differences in the two soil-modeling methods. From these tests, it is found that the FEA model supports a surface pressure via the tensile forces created by the stretching of the surface elements. Conversely, for the SPH model, the surface pressure is supported via the compressive forces created by the compacting of particles. Next, shear-displacement tests are conducted with the SPH soil (as this test cannot easily be performed with an FEA soil model). These shear tests show that the SPH soil behaves more like clay in initial shearing and more like sand by exhibiting increased shearing due to vertical loading. While both the pressure-sinkage and shear-displacement tests still show that a larger particle density is unnecessary for SPH soil modeling, the shear-displacement tests indicate that an elastic-plastic material model may not be the best choice.Copyright © 2011 by ASME


the paper discusses the main stages of the formation of the russian environmental legislation before the beginning of the XX century. this stage is divided into 3 time intervals – the initial one (the end of the XiX – the beginning of the XX century), the middle of the XX – 80s. XX century and the third, from the mid 80s.until now. the need for state regulation of the use of the environment is often due to the barbaric attitude of man towards its benefits and resources. this attitude has evolved over the years. according to historical documents, state bodies began regulating relations between the natural environment and man already in the 9th century, which indicates the relevance of this problem in all periods of human society. the importance of environmental legislation is difficult to overestimate, because a comprehensive study of the regulatory framework and law enforcement practices of the previous stages of historical development at the moment can serve to improve the modern legislation on the protection of natural objects of the country. these 3 stages laid the foundation for the creation of a modern system of environmental law and legislation. this led to the fact that at the moment environmental protection, favorable for human life and health, is the main goal of the state, and the regulatory documents of the russian federation oblige to preserve the nature and take care of natural resources.


Efficient phonetic training for second language learning and for language impairment remediation requires increased salience of distinctive acoustic differences. Linear predictive coding (LPC) analysis of speech has been sometimes used for constructing phonetically ambiguous stimuli via parameter interpolation. In the present article it is demonstrated that the effects of LPC-derived log area ratio coefficients produce signals that are acoustically and perceptually intermediate between phonetic categories. The method is extended to extrapolation from these coefficients, resulting in resynthesized pairs of stimuli that are acoustically and perceptually more distinct than the original speech signal pair. These ''exaggerated'' stimuli can be used to gradually train nonnative or impaired listeners to make the corresponding phonetic distinctions. PACS numbers: 43.72.Ew, 43.71.Es, 43.71.Hw Modified LPC resynthesis 3


, 2002a). By using TSV-specificprimers (5 ′ ATGAATACTTTGATCCAAGG3 ′ and 5 ′ -TCAGTCTTGATTCACCAG3 ′ ), the CP gene was ampli-fied and sequenced (GenBank accession no. AY590139).The CP gene was 717 nucleotides long and could encodea protein of 238 amino acids. Comparative amino acidsequence analysis revealed that the virus infecting chillishared very high levels of similarity at both nucleotide(98–99%) and amino acid (98%) levels, with the corre-sponding region of TSV isolates originating from multiplehosts and locations (Bhat


This paper introduces the traffic flowing detection system and provides a solution to deal with the communication between ARM DSP. The host computer ARM can access the entire on-chip RAM of the DSP 5402 by DSP's HPI interface. This method has been used in trafficflowing detection real-time system and its validity and utility have been proved. The detailed software and hardware design methods are presented.


Much of the research on energy metabolism and metabolic rate in cattle has been conducted with animals restrained in metabolism cages or respiration chambers because measurement under field conditions is difficult. Furthermore, the act of collecting data from restrained cattle may alter their physiological state (Hahn et al. 1990). This study was undertaken to explore the relationship in cattle between pulse rate (measured by telemetry) and oxygen consumption when pulse rate was increased by exogenous adrenalin to simulate different levels of sympathetic stimulation. Six 18 month old Hereford heifers were used. All heifers had been implanted with a pulse rate telemetry probe (Model HR 400 Telonics, Mesa, Arizona) 8 months prior to the study. A low quality roughage diet was available ad libitum except during the 12 hours prior to adrenalin treatment when all feed was removed. Water was available continuously. The adrenalin treatments were an intra muscular injection of sterile water (0), 2 mg adrenalin (2) or 4 mg adrenalin (4). All 6 heifers were subjected to all treatments. A randomised complete block design was used where the animals were blocks and 48 hours elapsed between treatment applications for each animal. Pulse rate was measured and recorded on a data logger every 2 seconds for 15 minutes following the injections. Rate of oxygen consumption was measured concurrently (15 minute periods) using a face mask and an open circuit respiratory analyser (Brosh et al. 1994). The results for pulse rate and oxygen consumption are shown in Table 1.