Duo to its topological advantages, the enhanced hypercube network is a very important kind of networks which has huge potential to be widely used in computer networks to improve the performance. To fully realize its potential in those networks where reliability and speed are critical, the topological properties of the enhanced hypercube network need to be further discovered. In this paper, the topological structure of enhanced hypercube networks is analyzed, and consequently the cycles embedded in the enhanced hypercube network have been identified. It has been found that under certain parity conditions, the relationships between the edges and cycles of the enhanced hypercube network can be identified by numbers. The results show that the enhanced hypercube network is both reliable and efficient.


In this paper, network management system(NMS) was developed using Ethernet network for several devices Recently, due to the development of the information communication, network has been constructed several place And management system using network has been studied due to the increment of necessity of remote control for industrial device
Agent board that necessity of NMS, was developed using general micro-controller, it operates like stand-alone network device, supports TCP/1P protocol suite, has the ability to connect to industrial device and communicates each other. Also manager base on MMI was developed, it operates with agent board and
supports effective management To prove this system, UPS(uninterruptible power supply) is selected as the example of industrial device, Finally, experimental result verifies the communication between agent board and manager


Review(s) of: The ministry of ungentlemanly warfare. Churchill's mavericks: Plotting Hitler's defeat, by Giles Milton, John Murray Publishing, 2016, ISBN 9781444798951, 356 pp.


In this paper we show that positron data from AMS seems to rule out the explanation of the ARCADE isotropic radio background excess in terms of self-annihilating dark matter. In earlier works it was found that leptonic annihilation channels of light dark matter provide a good fit to the excess due to synchrotron emission of the final state particles. However, limits on the self-annihilation cross-section derived from the positron data of AMS now severely constrain light self-annihilating dark matter and cross-sections below that of a thermal relic are already tested for leptonic annihilation channels. Combining these two results, we conclude that an explanation of the excess in the radio background in terms of self-annihilating dark matter is excluded.


Understanding the details of the local transport processes in fixed-bed reactors is an essential prerequisite for the performance of reliable predictive simulations. The required local information cannot be provided by the classical pseudo-homogeneous modeling approaches, thus more advanced numerical methods are necessary. Such a detailed simulation is a challenging task, comprising various aspects to be considered at the different stages of the simulation procedure. Despite the continuous growth of computing power and further development of appropriate mathematical methods, it is today still not possible to perform a three-dimensional (3D) simulation of an industrial-scale fixed-bed reactor under realistic conditions. The aim of the present study therefore is to present a clear and comprehensive approach that can serve as a logical strategy for the detailed numerical simulation of the fluid flow and mass transport in fixed-beds. The concept is exemplarily applied to a structured simple cubic- and a rando...


Computing the bounds for the greatest characteristic root of positive matrix is active and important part in the theory of nonnegative matrices.When their bounds are expressed convergent sequence,we can obtain more precise results.So,we give a new estimation method in this paper,which generalized and improved the bounds by G.Frobenius,H.Minc.And finally an example is given for comparison.


We study the magnetic interaction between a neutron star and its disk by solving the time-dependent relativistic force-free equations. At the initial state, we assume that the dipole magnetic field of the neutron star connects the neutron star and its equatorial disk, which deeply enters into the magnetosphere of the neutron star. Magnetic fields are assumed to be frozen to the star and the disk. The rotation of the neutron star and the disk is imposed as boundary conditions. We apply Harten-Lax-van Leer (HLL) method to simulate the evolution of the star-disk system. We carry out simulations for (1) a disk inside the corotation radius, in which the disk rotates faster than the star, and (2) a disk outside the corotation radius, in which the neutron star rotates faster than the disk. Numerical results indicate that for both models, the magnetic field lines connecting the disk and the star inflate as they are twisted by the differential rotation between the disk and the star. When the twist angle exceeds pi radian, the magnetic field lines expand with speed close to the light speed. This mechanism can be the origin of relativistic outflows observed in binaries containing a neutron star.


Triage is a key method to control processes of emergency medicine under huge disaster. We show a some experimental simulation of the processes to investigate issues in the current rules for triage and emergency medicine. In the simulation, we can figure out which parts of the medical processes are bottle-necks. Also, we can estimate probabilities and statistical of troubles in the process. Using such results, we will be able to assist to re-design rules of layout, resource/role assignments and training scenario of triage under huge disaster situation.


In this paper, the temperature control of a solar furnace is addressed by taking into account physical and safety constraints. In particular, the use of a feedback linearization generalized predictive control strategy is proposed where the fictitious model providing a virtual control signal is suitably selected to reduce the control effort by considering both the reference tracking task and the compensation of disturbances, represented by the variation of the input energy provided by the Sun, mainly because of the solar daily cycle and passing clouds. Simulation and experimental results show the effectiveness of the methodology in comparison with other approaches helping this technology to become an inexpensive alternative option for the material treatment and testing in the industrial context. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Policy makers are making a grave error in imposing quasi-formal learning and institutional childcare onto ever-younger children; for the sake of a generation's future mental health, we have to stop them.


Previous studies have used statistical analysis of fitness landscapes such as ruggedness and deceptiveness in order to predict the expected quality of heuristic search methods. Novel approaches for predicting the performance of heuristic search are based on the analysis of local optima networks (LONs). A LON is a compressed stochastic model of a fitness landscape's basin transitions. Recent literature has suggested using various LON network measurements as predictors for local search performance. In this study, we suggest PageRank centrality as a new measure for predicting the performance of heuristic search methods using local search. PageRank centrality is a variant of Eigenvector centrality and reflects the probability that a node in a network is visited by a random walk. Since the centrality of high-quality solutions in LONs determines the search difficulty of the underlying fitness landscape and since the big valley property suggests that local optima are not randomly distributed in the search space but rather clustered and close to one another, PageRank centrality can serve as a good predictor for local search performance. In our experiments for NK-models and the traveling salesman problem, we found that the PageRank centrality is a very good predictor for the performance of first-improvement local search as well as simulated annealing, since it explains more than 90% of the variance of search performance. Furthermore, we found that PageRank centrality is a better predictor of search performance than traditional approaches such as ruggedness, deceptiveness, and the length of the shortest path to the optimum.


Russia's war against Ukraine was the second major challenge for the entire national education system since the COVID-19 pandemic. The inability of pupils, students and teachers to fully adhere to the established schedule of classes has created so-called temporal gaps in the rhythms of the learning process, jeopardized the orderliness of this work, which only in its systematic organization can show significant results. At the same time, studying during the war, and especially in the socio-humanitarian disciplines, cannot be stopped, because, on the one hand, it provides students with the skills of storing information in the context of information attacks; on the other hand, being in the learning process today is an important recreational resource for pupils and students, as well as for teachers and lecturers, as it shifts attention to constructive activities and to some extent structures the time of respondents. Obviously, in a situation of war it is needed to affirm the new goals and objectives for the educational process in order for it to continue to be effective in emergencies.


In binary decision diagram (BDD) based realization of logic circuits, the area and power consumption is determined by the total number of nodes of the BDD and the expected switching activity of the nodes. A proper polarity selection of the subfunctions can not only reduce the number of BDD nodes, but also the switching. For a multi-output function, more the sharing between the subfunctions, more is the reduction in the number of BDD nodes so also the power. A genetic algorithm based output phase selection of the multi-output function (in BDD form) is proposed in this paper. This idea when applied to a number of benchmark circuits, it is found to reduce the number of nodes in the BDD and hence the area and power. A trade-off has also been done for combined area and power minimization, considering the node switching as the major candidate for power consumption. It has been found that the proposed method minimizes the area by about 3% and power by about 14%


It has recently been suggested that the functionally induced increase in wall/lumen ratio, obtained whenever vascular tone is increased, might explain the vascular 'hyperresponsiveness' seen in hypertensive disease. The present experiments indicate, however, that this is not the case, presumably because the smooth muscle shortening to a given excitatory stimulus gets smaller the higher the initial tone is. To create a structurally based vascular 'hyperresponsiveness' a true increase of the wall mass of the resistance vessels is a necessary prerequisite.


and other-worldly. Trelawney's request for forgiveness also serves an ideological purpose. The squire wants absolution for an act he sees solely in terms of individual responsibility. He blames himself for Redruth's predicament, seeing his own hand in Redruth's death as an act of personal moral failure. From that perspective, Trelawney views his specific relationship to Redruth as what requires reconciliation. The squire's guilt, just like Redruth's servile essence serves an ideological purpose. It interpellates Trelawney not as a specifically classed individual but an individual in general. Trelawney's remorse is personal. He does not consider larger social factors as playing a part in what has


The electromagnetic field of an optical wave of frequency omega , traveling through a long, electrooptic waveguide of arbitrary cross section and composition in the presence of an arbitrary external field of strength E/sup ext/ and radio frequency Omega , is derived by a perturbative argument, assuming Omega / omega >


The writing in Sports Illustrated locates sport in the metaphorical, American version of the Elysian Fields. Because the metaphor is of a place rather than a concept, a number of different symbolic forms interact within the confines of Sports Illustrated's field. For instance, the place metaphor itself is constructed through the collision of American realities and Elysian Fields ideals. This intersection of symbolic forms produces a metaphor that Sports Illustrated's readers can use to resist American culture's machine metaphor.


Theories of change and the application of change management principles are popular topics in the current literature addressing key aspects electronic patient record and clinical information systems implementations. To an extent however, the theories described generally receive relatively little rigorous review in their application to the hospital clinical environment and are largely borrowed from more homogenous settings. According to Lorenzi and Riley1, an understanding of change processes and change management theory is critical to the successful implementation of clinical information systems into existing clinical environments. Understanding of the significant cultural issues, particuarly in individual hospitals, remains deficient however. While the literature contains several case studies examining clinical system implementations most of these studies lack an explicit theoretical basis. At the same time, the pre-implementation and postimplementation surveys of health professionals suggest that the early successes of the electronic patient record may be questionable and patient care benefits minimal. With clinical information systems and the migration towards the electronic patient record costing in the order of millions of dollars, successful implementation is a mandate if the investment is to be protected. More importantly, the anticipated benefits to patient outcomes are only likely to occur if there are significant concurrent changes in institutional knowledge, managerial, organisation and clinical cultures. As a prelude to the introduction of a campus wide clinical information system (incorporating an electronic medical record) in a 350 bed private hospital in Queensland, a comprehensive survey of computer attitudinal responses and experiences in nurses was undertaken in December, 1997. Adapted from the works of Staggers2, Axford3, Jaysuriya4, Marasovic5, and the Australian Bureau of Statistics6, this survey of 349 respondents identified numerous factors likely to significantly impact upon the successful introduction of a clinical information system. Survey results indicate that: Practitioner attitude and organisational cultural change is needed to achieve successful implementations of the electronic patient record in hospital environments; and Current change theories do not adequately reflect the approach to change needed in hospital environments.


An effective lane-detection algorithm is a fundamental component of an advanced driver assistant system, as it provides important information that supports driving safety. The challenges faced by the lane detection and tracking algorithm include the lack of clarity of lane markings, poor visibility due to bad weather, illumination and light reflection, shadows, and dense road-based instructions. In this paper, a robust and real-time vision-based lane detection algorithm with an efficient region of interest is proposed to reduce the high noise level and the calculation time. The proposed algorithm also processes a gradient cue and a color cue together and a line clustering with scan-line tests to verify the characteristics of the lane markings. It removes any false lane markings and tracks the real lane markings using the accumulated statistical data. The experiment results show that the proposed algorithm gives accurate results and fulfills the real-time operation requirement on embedded systems with low computing power.


The interface properties of 4H-silicon carbide (SiC) metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) capacitors and the electrical properties of MOS field-effect transistors (MOSFETs) on the (112̄0) face fabricated using pyrogenic reoxidation annealing (pyrogenic ROA) have been characterized. Pyrogenic ROA reduces the interface-state density near the conduction band, resulting in an increase in the inversion channel mobility and a decrease of the threshold voltage for the MOSFETs with both dry and wet gate-oxides. Eventually, a high channel mobility of 68 cm2/(V·s) was successfully achieved in a MOSFET with wet gate-oxide using the pyrogenic ROA. On the (112̄0) face, the channel mobility of MOSFETs strongly depends on the interface-state density near the conduction band.


Over the last few decades the prevalence of diabetes has reached epidemic proportions in western societies and is even higher in developing countries, mainly due to population growth, ageing and obesity. The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that the global prevalence of diabetes will increase from 2.8% in 2000 to 4.4% by 2030. The increases in both obesity and diabetes will have a profound impact on diabetesand obesity-related complications, the use of healthcare resourses and the quality of life of affected patients.


Monolayers of resorcinarene tetraene 1 on gold nanoclusters could be crosslinked by olefin metathesis into a nondesorptive shell. Crosslinking conditions were optimized by monitoring olefin metathesis of 1 by 1 H NMR spectroscopy and obtaining empirical rate constants. Gel permeation chromatography (GPC) was found to be a useful tool for evaluating the enhanced stability of the encaged nanoparticles; resorcinarene-encapsulated nanoparticles which were not subjected to olefin metathesis did not survive GPC analysis, whereas nanoparticles in crosslinked shells were found to be stable.


In the construction of the new socialist village,Scientific Concept of Development would be a guidance.We should be correctly handle the development of the rural economy and the rural environment.Based on long-term,Focus on the eality,Promote the human and natural harmony.


Paper considers friction and impacts as contact events with unilateral character. Many interconnections in machines show this behavior. Problems of modeling and practical examples are discussed.


To determine the effects of different chemical and cultural methods on the growth of winter wheat, six treatments were carried out: Conservational irrigation, non-irrigation, water absorbent polymers (WAP), liquid mulching film (LMF), water-saving irrigation (WSI) and subsoiling tillage (SST). The results show that winter wheat could use more water from soil profile though WAP, LMF and SST treatments; only LMF could use extra water for yield while both WAP and SST could not increase yield. SST could not increase yield of winter wheat. Both LMF and WAP treatments could help in maintaining leaf chlorophyll content and leaf water content which may help in maintaining photosynthetic ability in late growing periods. Furthermore, more dry matter partitioning to reproductive organs is observed in LMF and WAP treatments. LMF might be favorable for yield when grown under lower soil moisture conditions, while the application of WAP might not help in yield producing in field both in high or low soil moisture conditions. A reasonable irrigation quantity may be needed when applying WAP, while LMF could be used in any meteorological and/or soil water conditions. Keywords: Winter wheat, water absorbent polymers, liquid mulching film, subsoiling tillage African Journal of Biotechnology Vol. 12(36), pp. 5522-5528


This article reveals the essence of the game from several angles, namely from the pedagogical and aesthetic components that form one whole concept. Since ancient times, games have been used for various purposes: educational, training, entertaining, managerial, educational. The game model, simple and clear, always becomes entertaining and interesting. With the help of the game, the basics of upbringing and education are comprehended, traditions accumulated over the centuries are transmitted. Games act as stimulants, developing creative thinking, initiative, the ability to act together, subordinate their interests to collective ones, and perform tasks to achieve common goals. In Uzbekistan, great importance is attached to the competent implementation of game elements during mass celebrations. This is the embodiment of a competent policy of the state, in the transfer of knowledge to the younger generation, through game elements. Spectacular mass performances are particularly charming due to the combination of folklore elements with modern musical means, which allow creating a truly deep, national flavor and filling them with relevant modern sound. The musical and artistic traditions of creating a patriotic song are rooted in folk art. In the history of mankind, they will remain one of the enduring, eternal components of being. Folk holidays cannot be created artificially: they have been formed over thousands of years, incorporating rich traditions, cultural values, and humanistic principles.


Carbon nanotube films have been grown on cylindrical substrates using catalyst chemical vapor deposition of acetylene. It is shown here that Kanthal rods allow the controlled growth of carbon nanotube films, provided that a liquid catalyst solution containing metallic salts (Fe, Ni or Co nitrate) diluted in ethanol is deposited on the oxidized surface of the substrate. Nickel, Nickel-Chromium and Molybdenum rods were found to be less suitable materials for the controlled deposition of carbon nanotubes.


Abstract: Investigations on pastoral resources are mainly represented by surveys aimed to assess the main characteristics of pastures in order to obtain useful information on the carrying capacity of a pastoral surface. At a territorial level, different approaches can be used, involving also remote sensing and use of geographical information systems. The study presented here has been carried out in a National Park in Tuscany, central Italy (Parco Nazionale delle Foreste Casentinesi, Monte Falterona e Campigna) on a pastoral surface of about 1500 ha, with the aim of evaluating the potential stocking rate in the studied area. The whole investigated territory was subdivided into three wide districts, and inside each of them a photointerpretation was performed to classify the occurring pastoral resources into different classes of quality, based on the percentage of ground covered by trees and shrubs encroaching the pastures. Inside each district and class of pasture, botanical releves were conducted to assess the presence of different herbaceous species and to compute the pastoral value, a key parameter used to determine the potential stocking rate of a pastoral resource. Photointerpretation allowed an easy and efficient classification of different pastures in relation to shrubs encroachment and to quantify the surfaces occupied by each identified class. Vegetation assessment confirmed the accuracy of the followed method to rank pastures, in terms of presence of herbaceous species and of pastoral value, which resulted highly related to the presence of woody species in the pastures. Moreover, average pastoral value and carrying capacity of each quality category were very similar for all districts, thus demonstrating the validity of the utilized method and the representativeness of chosen areas.


Initiatives focused on using established mobile technologies like text messages and calls to connect healthcare workers and patients for each other, and to check results. In addition, patients worried a few potential HIV infection could be more inclined to get tested if they could do it at home and avoid the stigma of attending a clinic. Various smartphones have sensors made that could aid diagnosis, for example, a heart rate monitor and an oximeter, just as a camera and microphone that can be utilized to examine pictures and sounds like an person's breathing. Furthermore, simple testing technologies are being developed that can be connected to a phone, through a USB stick or wirelessly. In theory, an individual could test themselves utilizing a simple to-gather test, like a pinprick of blood, and the results would be scanned onto mobile applications. The applications would send the results to local clinics before being uploaded to central online databased instead of patients having to attend in person. It's a good idea that telephones can likewise assume a significantly bigger part in medical services than they as of now do. Smartphones are increasingly used in sub-Saharan Africa. By 2020, one in two mobile phone connections in the region will be via smartphone a similar figure to worldwide smartphone adoption. This presents a major opportunity to harness the prevailing technology where clinics in rural areas are often scarce. Approaches outlined within the review include apps that use the phone's camera to interpret test results, send findings to local clinics or healthcare workers, and host virtual follow-up appointments with healthcare workers. These approaches might help increase rates of disease testing in regions with limited facilities. Combined, the test results would build an image of symptoms across a neighbourhood to assist predict and fight current and future outbreaks. It marks sense that phones can also show an smooth role than they already do. These ideas are not without challenges. Although quick technological advances have further developed admittance to testing, in excess of 35% of the world has no admittance to cell phones. It is likewise simpler to precisely gather and examine tests in a medical care setting, where there are prepared staff and the climate is intended to be clean, than in an individual's home. Shielding measures should be set up to secure protection and secrecy of patient information. These actions should likewise be completely disclosed to clients to construct trust in and empower the reception of these new medical care administrations. All things considered, the report's creators stay hopeful. Starting at 2016, worldwide cell phone reception has arrived at 51% and is anticipated to continue to fill especially in asset restricted settings like sub-Saharan Africa. This means more of the total populace is furnished with an incredible pocket PC that can interface patients and offer medical care information. This is an interesting chance for scientists and policymakers to foster new apparatuses and frameworks that could definitely work on human wellbeing and prosperity later on. Journal of Infectious Diseases and Diagnosis Editorial


A social ecological study was undertaken of involuntary relocation within the long-stay sector of a psychiatric hospital, enforced by ward closures. This was done by monitoring changes in ward atmosphere on 6 of 11 wards before and after the closures. The conclusion is that the so-called 'disturbed' patients are easily upset by changes of routine but possibly also because paradoxically the slightly younger patients on these wards do not seem to adjust to the change so well. It may be that the older patients on long-stay wards are already resigned to the process of institutionalization.


The estimates of heritability (narrow sense) coupled with high genetic advance were observed high for all the nine characters. The positive and highly significant correlation was observed for seed yield per plant with days to flowering (0.540), days to maturity (0.550), length of main raceme (0.520), number of siliquae per plant (0.613), oil content (0.440), test weight (0.418), days to flowering significant associate with days to maturity (0.740), plant height (0.640), length of main raceme (0.489), number of siliquae per plant (0.636) and test weight (0.512), days to maturity with plant height (0.757), length of main raceme (0.565), number of siliquae per plant (0.750) and test weight (0.457), plant height associate with number of siliquae per plant (0.592), length of main raceme showed significant positive associate with number of siliquae per plant (0.571), number of siliquae per plant positive and significant showed associate with oil content (0.481) and test weight (0.414), oil content associate with positive and significant associate with test weight (0.544).


We present a scheme to conditionally generate an arbitrary superposition of a pair of coherent states from a squeezed vacuum by means of the modified photon subtraction where a coherent state ancilla and two on/off type detectors are used. We show that, even including realistic imperfections of the detectors, our scheme can generate a target state with a high fidelity. The amplitude of the generated states can be amplified by conditional homodyne detections.


Several variants of the simple and well-known ChangRoberts algorithm have been simulated. The empirical analysis shows that the algorithms compare very favorably with other ring-based election algorithms. For various ring sizes and number of concurrent starters the average message complexity, its distribution, and its standard deviation are Studied.


We give a brief review of the statistical density operator approach which is adopted for studying the electromagnetic (EM) waves propagating in nonconducting linear media, their dissipation and stability. The approach provides an analytical instrument for studying sensitive and non-invasive measurements, and also for designing nanoscale EM devices including a large category of nanoscale photonic and plasmonic waveguides and resonators.


Poly(methylmethacrylate-co-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) microbeads in the size range of 1.5-2.0μm were prepared by a phase inversion polymerization. The hydroxyl groups were activated by periodate oxidation, and the active ligand, i.e., protein A was immobilized via a spacer-arm, i.e., hexamethylene diamine (HDMA) by using a cross-linker, i.e., glutaraldehyde and protein A. The optimal concentration obtained for modifications are as follows: sodium periodate concentration: 0.467 × 10−2mmol/mL; HMDA concentration: 3.5 × 10−2mmol/mL; and glutaraldehyde concentration: 0.7 × 10−6mmol/mL. Yields of immobilization of protein A onto the plain and periodate oxidized microbeads were found very close, and were in the range of 0.01-0.02 mg protein A/g microbeads. The optimal conditions for immobilization are as follows: the initial protein A concentration: 0.1 mg/mL; temperature: 25°C; pH: 9.5; and immobilization time:120 min. Incorporation of protein A at these conditions resulted in 0.825 mg protein A/g microbeads. The HIgG adsorption onto these protein A incorporated microbeads was 41 mg HIgG/g microbeads.


A 46-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of orthostatic headache. Brain MRI with gadolinium showed diffuse thickening and enhancement of the pachymeninges (Picture 1). A lumbar puncture demonstrated an opening pressure of 0 mmH2O. Whole body planar images obtained at 20 min after In-DPTA intrathecal injection showed obvious CSF leaks in the upper thoracic vertebrae (Picture 2A). SPECT/CT study of the region of interest showed extradural egress of the tracer introduced in the bilateral para-spinal space on Th3 and the left side para-spinal space on Th5 (Picture 2B). This patient was diagnosed with spontaneous intracranial hypotension. Bed-rest and hydration resulted in good recovery. SPECT/CT fusion imaging is useful for determining the precise level of spinal space causing CSF leakage (1). We consider that recognition of the exact


The answer to queries posed to multimedia databases contains multimedia objects. To display these objects, a browser or an ael-hocprogram is usually required. In [3] we presented SQL+D, which gives users the ability to specify, within a SQL qz4ery, a screen layout to be used to show the ansvrer to a query. In this paper, we present a greatly revised uersion ofSQL-I-D Among other improvements, it now has u Database Interface that allows local and remote access to databases, a way to specify temporal presentations, and data vzka[ization features that allow specification of wmplex graphs and charts.


Swine were exposed to a total air dose of 700 R at a rate of 1 R or 45 R/ min of gamma radiation. Chemical determinations of the teres major muscle were made 10 days postexposure and after a postslaughter interval of 5 days. No differences in ether extract, moisture content, crude protein, or soluble protein were observed in the 1 R/min group. However, the pH of the muscle at slaughter in this group was higher than control muscle and decreased with storage. Muscle from the 45 R/min animals yielded more ether extract at slaughter and after the storage phase, while moisture content was lower at both times. A reduction in soluble protein was noted during the storage phase and higher pH values at slaughter. (auth)


Hydrogen-bonded guanosine (G) dynamic supramolecular architectures exchange between different polymorphs such as G-ribbons, G-quartets and G-quadruplexes. Oriented mesoporous silica can be used as a scaffolding matrix to orient and to stabilize lipophilic guanosine-ribbons in confined conditions. The interface between the lipophilic G-ribbons and the functionalized silica mesopores is based on reversible hydrophobic interactions. This contributes to the high level of adaptability and correlativity of the self-organization of the supramolecular G-ribbons and the oriented mesoporous silica systems. Biomimetic-type hybrids, in which such structures are extremely stable and robust, can be generated by using this strategy.


Mao Ze-dong in all his life had used numerous quotations beyond everyone in history. These quotations have reached people's lives and appeared infinite charm. The study on Mao's quotations application has achieved great success, but it still needs further research. The quotations used by Mao belong to his second creation and bring far-reaching enlightenment when people employ quotations.


This article discusses methods that allow controlling, diagnosing and correcting errors that occur in a computer system (CS) operating in a modular number system (MNS). A feature of using the MNS is the possibility, in some cases, of correcting errors even if there is only one control base, using the concept of an alternative set of numbers. The article deals with the control, diagnostics and error correction in the dynamics of the data processing process. Currently, to correct errors in the dynamics of the computational process, the CS uses the projection method and its modifications. The projection method requires the calculation of all projections  i A of the distorted number  A , which leads to a large number of additional operations for each correction of an individual result. The article discusses a method for correcting errors in the CS, based on the use of a conditional alternative set of numbers in the MNS. Two methods for determining an alternative set ( )  W A are considered. The disadvantage of the first method is the large hardware and time costs for determining an alternative set of numbers. As a working method, the second method is proposed, in which the initial number  A is first reduced to the form


We investigated the properties of nonpolar a-plane InGaN∕GaN multiple-quantum wells (MQWs) grown on maskless lateral epitaxial overgrowth (LEO) a-plane GaN∕r-sapphire. Many surface defects with asymmetric V-shape were observed on a-plane InGaN MQWs grown on the defective regions which were seed and coalescence regions. In the low defect regions, the surface defect density of a-plane InGaN MQWs was ∼1.0×107∕cm2, which was higher than that of conventional c-plane LEO-GaN, by measuring atomic force microscope and scanning tunneling electron microscope. The cathode luminescence intensity distribution of a-plane InGaN MQWs was significantly dependent on the distribution of surface asymmetric V-defect. Therefore, we suggest that the optical properties of a-plane InGaN active layer were affected by the asymmetric V-defects which were generated by interaction between the epitaxial defects and the limit of InGaN growth kinetics.


Abstract : This report describes the Advanced Cartographic Data Digitizing system functional capabilities as a complete digital cartographic system. Topics from data digitizing through product generation including overall system description, hardware configuration, host processor software and workstation software are covered. In addition, the report describes avenues of system expansion if these are deemed appropriate by the Defense Mapping Agency. (Author)


Some exemplary embodiments include a system comprising: a plurality of wires electrically connected to the printed circuit board connector, the terminating end of each of the plurality of wires are stripped of an insulating material, said connector comprising: a housing defining a plurality of co face; and a plurality of clamps, each clamp being adapted to receive a plurality of wires terminating at least one end of the peeled through respective apertures; wherein said plurality screws actuated with respect to the clamp face co-arranged plurality of alternating near - relationship between the distal end.


Synthesis of gold and silver nanoparticles at room temperature using a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microreactor has been reported. The reactions have been performed using aqueous metal salt solutions and borohydride reducing agent with tri-sodium citrate as the capping agent. Effect of concentration of reducing agent on the optical properties of the nanoparticles has been investigated. The nanoparticles were characterised by UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The UV-Vis absorption spectra show a blue shift in the spectra with increasing concentration of the reducing agent, which indicates reduction in the size with increased amount of the reducing agent. The sizes of the nanoparticles are uniformly smaller in the microreactor synthesis as compared to those in the conventional batch synthesis, under similar reaction conditions. The microreactor synthesis is very fast and improves the monodispersity with excellent reproducibility.


In this Brief Communication, we use results from two-dimensional simulations to calculate for what product of perturbation wave number (k) and initial amplitude (a0) the Richtmyer impulsive model will fail in its prediction of shock wave driven instability growth as a function of initial shock Mach number. For "large" ka0, we suggest a formula which bounds the maximum value of the ratio of the amplitude growth rate over the interface speed by one minus the ratio of the interface speed and the transmitted shock speed.


1.5% Lywallzyme (product of Guangdong Microbiology Institute, China) was used to remove the cell walls of Saccharomyces cerevisae in the preparation of protoplasts. The protoplasts resuspented in ST buffer at the concentration of 4 × 108 / ml were mixed with an equal volume of 1.0% low-melting point agarose in ST buffer at 50℃. In order to prepare yeast chromosomal DNA samples, the chilled agarose Plugs were incubated in NDS buffer containing ling/ml proteinase K for 24h. This procedure of chromosomal DNA sample prepeon,which is different from that adopted by former researchers, have laid a fundation for the preparation of megabase-size DNA marker and electrophorehc karyotype analysis of other fungi. It was revealed by CHEF electrophoresis that chromosomal DNA length polymorphism exists between tested stain X8 and control stain ThH755.


The population diversity of conventional genetic algorithm can be easily destroyed,which further leads to premature convergence.To solve this problem,based on adaptive genetic algorithm(AGA) proposed by Srinivas,a modified adaptive genetic algorithm(MAGA) is presented by introducing a parameter measuring the population diversity.In this way,the probabilities of crossover and mutation are adjusted automatically according to both population diversity and the trends of fitness values.Since MAGA and back-propagation(BP) algorithm are good at searching global and local optimum respectively,an optimized BP neural network based on MAGA(MAGA+BP) is then presented for traffic classification.The Internet traffic dataset provided by university of Cambridge is introduced for experimental validation.Results show that: MAGA shows better performance on maintaining population diversity,overcomes the premature convergence of AGA and improves the fitness value of resulting optimum by 10.17%;MAGA+BP shows a better performance on Internet traffic classification.


approved: /} U Joseph E. Nucon Cyclopropenoid fatty acids (CPFA) are natural components of cottonseed oil, a major food oil in the United States. The ability of CPFA to cause abnormal biochemical and physiological effects when fed to laboratory and farm animals has prompted an investigation of their effects on mice. Between 0. 05 and 0. 55% CPFA were fed as glycerines ofSterculia foetida oil (SFO, containing 55% CPFA) to mice to determine their effect on certain aspects of growth, lipid metabolism and mitochondrial function. One-half percent SFO fed to weanling mice caused a small temporary decrease in growth rate when compared to controls. Many mice fed 1% SFO stopped growing and died by the end of a 9-week feeding trial. Mice fed less than 1% SFO, or 1% SFO for shorter periods of time, showed increased liver-to-body-weight ratios, accumulation of CPFA in adipose tissue and increased ratios of 16:0/16:1, 18:0/18:1 and total saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in liver and depot fat. Erythrocytes from CPFA-fed mice hemolyzed more slowly than erythrocytes from control mice in isotonicnonelectrolytes, implying an effect of CPFA on membrane lipid compos ition. One-half percent SFO fed for 9 to 31 days inhibited almost completely the incorporation of [ c] from labeled palmitate or acetate into liver monounsaturated fatty acids. At the same time, 0. 5% SFO retarded the incorporation of label from acetate into 14 CO and total liver lipid, but stimulated twofold the incorporation into liver sterols. The oxidation of labeled palmitate was also reduced. CPFA caused lipid accumulation in livers. P:0 ratios of liver mitochondria from mice fed 1% SFO for 6 to 15 days were 1. 061. 45 while control P:0 ratios were Z. 30-2. 85. The decrease was due to decreased phosphorylation, but increased respiration. The relationship between the observed results and membrane fatty acid composition was discussed. Alterations in Growth, Lipid Metabolism and P:0 Ratios in Mice Fed Sterculia foetida Oil by Michael Wesley Lehman A THESIS submitted to Oregon State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Completed June 1974 Commencement June 1975


ABSTRACT Inclusiveness that improves tourism governance is significant for development if benefits from tourism are distributed equitably. Declaration of 2017 as the International Year of Sustainable Tourism and adoption of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) have seemingly brought tourism to the forefront of development even where the SDGs have limited tourism focus. This paper examines how tourism governance is poorly applied in Africa. It interrogates the challenges of integrating tourism governance, mining, and conservation within the SDGs framework in Africa. Sustainable tourism governance frameworks have not comprehensively inculcated trust, justice, social capital, power, and participation. Using mining and conservation in South Africa and Zimbabwe respectively, it analyses how mining affects sustainability, as actors in tourism are unable to conserve and protect tourism sites. Achieving the SDGs requires collaboration between international actors, governments, the private sector, and locals in an inclusive governance based on justice, inclusion trust and equitable power relations. Highlights Improvement in tourism governance is important for development Challenges of integrating tourism in the SDGs in Africa Tourism governance is however poorly applied in Africa Sustainable tourism governance neglects trust, justice, power and participation. Mining and poor conservation undermines sustainable tourism To achieve the SDGs, collaboration among varied actors is critical


This article discusses the development of a travel demand/simulation forecasting and benefit/cost analysis tool to evaluate ramp management projects. The tool is applied to a candidate project on I-376 in Pennsylvania. In the Pennsylvania example, each ramp management option showed net positive net benefits, with one of the options (ramp metering and ramp closures at selected ramps) showing a benefit/cost ratio of 34:1. The proposed method to measure the benefits and costs of a ramp management project was recommended for adoption by planning and design agencies as a useful tool for ranking options for other projects.


In this paper, we will use a novel measure of information called Cumulative Residual Entropy (CRE) to develop a new measurement of risk and compare it with variance, then conclude the existence of variance is sufficient condition for existence of CRE and there exists a positive linear correlation between CRE and standard-deviation in experiment study. We apply it to solve risk measure problem for some special heavy-tail distribution of non-existence variance.


The feasibility of photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorous pesticides over aqueous TiO2 suspensions by sunlight was investigated in this paper.Taking acephate,chlorpyrifos and omethoate as researching objects,the factors that effect the photocatalytic degradation were studied,which included the dosage of TiO2,the concentration of pesticides,the irradiation time.In this experiment,the degradation value of pesticides increased with the growing of the TiO2 dosage.When the dosage of TiO2 was over 2 g/L, the degradation value of pesticides per gram TiO2 went stably.Likewise,as the time period extending,the degradation value of pesticides increased.The degradation value per hour stayed almost the same 1 h after irradiation.As the degradation value of 5×10-5 mol/L acephate reached 76.4%,the photocatalytic degradation of organophosphorous pesticides over aqueous TiO2 suspensions by sunlight was feasible.


The present invention relates to a device for retracting a strike plate for attaching a vehicle safety belt automobile.Ce device is characterized in that it comprises a mechanical connection means (7) connecting the gripping latch ( 1) at a side portion (4) of the frame of the backrest to exert, in the raised position of the backrest, a pull on the keeper (1) maintaining in the raised position of use and allowing to tilt by gravity striker ( 1) to its retracted position substantially horizontale.L'invention finds application in the automotive field.


Scene classiflcation is an appealing and challenging problem in image processing and machine vision. Recently, Bag-of-visual-words (BOVW) method using pyramid matching scheme has shown remarkable performance for scene classiflcation. But this method deriving from local keypoints does not contain texture features which are rich in scene images. To further improves the classiflcation accuracy, this paper presents a new method combining Rotation Invariant Local Binary Patterns (RILBP) texture features and BOVW model in spatial pyramid matching framework. First, scene image is subdivided at difierent resolutions for constructing a spatial pyramid. Then based on scale invariant feature transform descriptor and K-means clustering, Pyramid Histogram of visual Words (PHOW) is extracted. And RILBP texture feature is extracted using the mean of a 3*3 neighborhood as threshold. Last we construct a composite kernel of spatial pyramid matching. We regard the keypoint features and texture features as two independent feature channels, and combine them to realize scene classiflcation using one-against-rest SVMs with the composite kernel. Experiments results on the three difierent scene datasets show that our method is efiective.


Primary care practices wishing to become a patient-centered medical home face a growing number of organizations offering accreditation, each with its own set of standards and guidelines.


Pt black samples were exposed to 2,4-hexadiene (24HD) at 603 and 693 K, alone or in the presence of excess hydrogen. The 24HD underwent C=C double-bond shift, geometric isomerization, and minor aromatization during its contact with Pt in the absence of H2. It was hydrogenated to hexenes and hexane when hydrogen was present. Test runs with an n-hexane–hydrogen mixture after 24HD treatment showed a more pronounced decrease of activity and a loss of isomerization/cyclization selectivities after exposure without hydrogen. The amount, structure, and possible chemical state of residual carbon were examined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The sintered metal contained some inherent (likely harmless) carbon impurity, the amount of which increased upon exposure to 24HD to 44–50%, higher temperatures and lower H2 concentration resulting in more solid carbon. Regeneration by an O2–H2 treatment removed much, but not all, of the solid carbon deposit. Difference spectra of hexadiene-treated and regenerated samples showed an excess of graphite in the carbonized samples whereas Pt/C was more abundant after regeneration, in agreement with C 1 s line fitting. Transmission electron microscopic examinations showed mainly pyrolytic carbon. Graphitic layers (not highly ordered ones) perpendicular to the Pt surface were identified after exposure to 24HD/H2 mixtures of various composition. Graphitic and amorphous C caused a nonselective deactivation. Difference C 1 s spectra showed a component with a binding energy at ∼284.1 between graphite and Pt/C. The suppression of the catalytic propensities in skeletal reactions (isomerization and C5 cyclization) and the difficulty of self-reactivation in the prolonged test runs were consistent with the presence of this type of deposit representing, likely, a disordered nongraphitic hydrocarbon oligomer.


The objective of this work is to evaluate the reliability of the ultrasonic nondestructive test technique (NDT), for specific test conditions, using POD (probability of detection) curves developed by experimental procedures. Two classes of defects, lack of penetration (LP) and lack of fusion (LF) were intentionally inserted in 24 weld beads belonging to 4 API X70 steel pipeline specimens with an outer diameter of 254mm and wall thickness of 19.05mm. These specimens were inspected using manual and automatic ultrasonic techniques. The results, besides producing real POD curves, showed the superiority of the automatic techniques over the manual test in the probability of detection of these two classes of defects.


The single degree freedom non-linear grinding model is established through analyzing the process of internal grinding. According to the real grinding parameters, the equation is solved by the method of Runge-Kutta. The bifurcation curve and the frequency response curve are obtained by means of MatLab software. Simulation results indicate that the changes of incentive parameters have great influence on the system in the process of the internal grinding. The nonlinear vibration performance of the system is analyzed when the incentive parameter differs. Through test and verify, simulation results are consistent with the practical situation.


• TRAFFIC ESTIMATING METHODS have been developed primarily for urban areas to help shape and justify road planning decisions. Because peak-hour congestion exists in most cities today on almost all roaid and rai l facilities and wi l l continue to exist to some degree in the future, any realistic method of traffic prediction must recognize the presence of road capacity limitations and its effect on traffic pattern and travel mode. Developers of traffic assignment programs have realized the necessity of introducing road capacity restraints—the cause of congestion. Moreover, they have also felt it necessary to introduce factors affecting people's choice of travel mode. However, it has been frequently decided for the sake of simplicity (or lack of better methods) that it is sufficient to deal with road users and transit users separately. It is well known that delay caused by congestion wi l l cause travelers to seek other less congested routes to their destination or other means of travel or wi l l persuade some travelers to cancel their trips entirely. A great number of such decisions may ultimately restrain the functioning of a city or sectors thereof. Conversely, it is known that the existence of an imcrowded direct route between two urban areas wi l l quickly draw traffic from other more crowded routes and wil l even create new traffic demand between theltwo areas. These effects are implicit in the traffic pattern of any city. Assignment programs that do not take road and parking capacity and choice of travel mode into accoimt in an explicit manner can make no allowance for changes in the pattern of congestion and/or travel mode used which wi l l inevitably occur as the city evolves. In fact, such assignment programs tend to freeze the congestion pattern and travel mode to whatever shape it had when the last O-D survey was made; moreover, they ignore the interaction between road and transit usage which tends to produce a compatible balance between the two travel modes. The lack of capacity restraint and choice of travel mode in an assignment program can cause considerable error, especially if there are significant differences between the land-use pattern and/or traffic facilities proposed for the future and that in existence when the base survey wais made. ', Under contract with the Metropolitan Toronto Planning Board the Traffic Research Corporation has developed a systematic model for estimating vehicular and transit flow using high-speed electronic computing techniques. This model contains a direct feedback mechanism by which capacity restraints and the resultant congestion on roads and parking lots are allowed to affect the choice of travel mode, the route selection, and trip volume distribution in successive program blocks. Thus, the traffic forecastmg model described in this paper becomes a powerful tool for the transportation planner. It proviiles him with a means of estimating traffic flows in an area based on land-use patterns and traffic facilities within the area. It is essentially a working model of the area's transportation system. Having projected existing land-use patterns to their probable configuration at some given future date, the planner can use the model to analyze and compare alternative proposed transportation systems. For all sections of a proposed system, he can use the model to estimate traffic flows via autombile, commuter train, transit, and truck durmg an average morning or evenmg rush hour or during a longer period, if necessary. Using the model he can then estimate the total cost of transportation on the proposed


We realized new adaptive holographic sensor and interferometer, which allows to visualize high-resolution 3D images of diffuse reflected objects in Continue Hologram Registration Regime- CHRR. The coupled laser wave nonlinear theory was applied for optimization of hologram recording in crystals symmetry 23 and optimized experimental set up. Experimentally demonstrated dynamical holographic image sensors on doped 23 symmetry photosensitive crystals, with resolution 7900-lines/mm at 632 nm and 11641 lines/mm at 440 nm for 15 mW CW HeNe and He-Cd lasers. The results are presented for holographic visualization of Cryogenic and Ultrasonic near field images of Surgical Medical Instrument. Application of CHRR interferometer for hologram registration of moving biological object in "vivo" is illustrated.


In this paper we give an overview on the main weaknesses of SDL for the development of real-time systems, both on the programming and on the speciication side. In particular, the SDL semantics proposed in Z.100 asserts that time is totally external to the system speciication, and does not allow any control over time progress, which is however essential for veriication. To solve this problem, we propose to adopt a semantic framework for SDL based on timed au-tomata with urgencies which is a simple and intuitive underlying model, allowing to express most of the real-time primitives. Finally, we illustrate our proposal by means of a small but realistic example, and we show how it is related to several other proposals.


We prove that the rational number |n/m| is an invariant of the group von Neumann algebra of the Baumslag-Solitar group BS(n,m). More precisely, if L(BS(n,m)) is isomorphic with L(BS(n,m)), then |n/m| = |n/m|. We obtain this result by associating to abelian, but not maximal abelian, subalgebras of a II1 factor, an equivalence relation that can be of type III. In particular, we associate to L(BS(n,m)) a canonical equivalence relation of type III|n/m|. 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: Primary 46L36; Secondary 20E06, 22D25.


Multidrug resistance tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is one of the infections among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) seropositive cases. Varied clinical and radiological manifestations and treatment outcomes are being observed according to the immune status of the HIV serpositive MDR-TB patients. In this retrospective study, the data of the diagnosed cases of MDR-TB patients with HIV seropositivity who were registered in DR TB centre of Southern Odisha, over a period of three years. The detailed basal demographic characteristics, clinical, radiological, laboratory investigation findings, the treatment outcomes were noted and analysed statistically. In this setup, Maximum patients were (61.54%) within the age range of 26-35yrs with male preponderance. (M: F = 12:1). 88.89% of them were from rural areas and all were Hindus. The major clinical presentations were anaemia (100%), fever (84.61%), persistent cough (92.31%) weight loss (46.15%), and decreased appetite (38.46%). The radiological findings were cavitary lesions (53.84%) and infiltrations (46.15%) Among this study sample, only 23.08% of patients were declared to be cured, 46.15% died following successful treatment. 23.08% patients were declared to be default and 7.69% were lost to follow up within the study period. In the present study, MDR –TB patients co-infected with HIV were commonly observed among adult males. The treatment outcomes were poor probably due to non-adherence to multiple drug regimens under RNTCP and ANTI-HIV drugs.


The announcement in October, 1946, that in future a single Minister of Defense will sit in the British cabinet, and that the ministers of the three armed services will no longer be of cabinet rank, marks the culmination of a long and important trend in Britain's governmental organization. It is also of interest as the present British answer to advocates of a merger of the Navy, Army, and Air Force. To see the full meaning of this step, it is necessary to refer to two closely related problems of long standing: the question of the size of the cabinet and that of what is broadly known as imperial defense. From the beginning of the nineteenth century, the British cabinet, originally ten or eleven in number, increased to about fourteen or fifteen in the 1870's and 1880's. By the end of the century, however, increase of governmental services and multiplication of departments raised the normal size of cabinets to nineteen or twenty, and after the first World War to twenty or even twenty-two. Since the cabinet as such functions as a committee, it has been frequently pointed out that the present size is too large for prompt and decisive deliberation; and the experience of two great wars has shown without question that large-scale planning and the coördination of the innumerable interlocking aspects of a national war effort require a much smaller and more cohesive group. The existence around the premier of an inner circle of three or four ministers, among whom many of the most important decisions are made, is as old as cabinet government, but cannot be satisfactory for modern needs.


Based on statistics information of regional concentration and authoritative flooring brand,the yield distribution,brand clustering and development dynamics of typical flooring industry clustering region were discussed,which provides information reference and decision-making support for optimizing spatial layout of flooring industry in China.


Collective receiving and paying system of national treasury is the modern administrative system with single treasury accounting system as its base,and with treasury centralized receiving and paying as its chief form.This essay discusses centralized receiving and paying system in universities and colleges at present in the following aspects:its significance,reforming supplementary measures,reforming requirements,and its implementation advantages.


A parametric study investigating the impact of temperature, run duration, total pressure, and
composition of the gaseous phase on the catalytic growth of multi-walled carbon nanotubes
(MWNT) has been performed. MWNT have been produced very selectively on the multi
gram scale by catalytic chemical vapor deposition from ethylene in a fluidized bed reactor.
The kinetics of MWNT growth is fast and, with the catalyst used, no induction period has
been observed. The kinetic law is positive order in ethylene concentration and the process is
limited by internal diffusion in the porosity of the catalyst. The formation of MWNT in the
macroporosity of the catalyst induces an explosion of the catalyst grains. Such a process, thanks to the absence of temperature gradient and to the efficient mixing of the grains allows a uniform and selective treatment of the catalyst powder leading to very high selectivity
towards MWNT formation. High purity MWNT have been obtained after catalyst dissolution.
Depending on the temperature of production, the specific surface area of this material ranged
between 95 and 455 m2/g.


We study a basic linear elliptic equation on a lower dimensional rectifiable set $S$ in $\mathbb{R}^N$ with the Neumann boundary data. Set $S$ is a support of a finite Borel measure $\mu$. We will use the measure theoretic tools to interpret the equation and the Neumann boundary condition. For this purpose we recall the Sobolev-type space dependent on the measure $\mu$. We establish existence and uniqueness of weak solutions provided that an appropriate source term is given.


Telemedicine has gained much popularity in recent times. It refers to the use of state of the art telecommunication and information technologies to provide medical and health care services to distant locations. However, secure transmission and access of the medical information is a critical issue. Medical data theft or altering the medical information of a patient is a rising and dangerous crime. Therefore, the authenticity and verification of a patient's medical information is vital as they form the basis of examination. This paper proposes a robust medical image watermarking technique to provide authenticity and verification of medical images in Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) based telemedicine applications. To achieve high robustness and imperceptibility with watermark transparency, a hybrid technique based on Fast Curvelet Tansform (FCT) and Robust Principal Component Analysis (RPCA) is structured. Curvelet transform gives optimal sparse representation in comparison to most traditional transforms and aids in efficient watermark recovery. At receiver end, the extracted watermark provides authentication and verifies the medical image under examination. The simulation results show that the proposed technique provides good imperceptibility as the average value of Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio (PSNR) is around 51.9537 dB and average value of Structure Similarity Index (SSIM) metric is around 0.9981. In addition, the proposed technique is more robust against various image processing techniques and common attacks such as noise addition, filter, rotation etc. in terms of Normalized Correlation Coefficient (NCC) and Bit Error Rate (BER).


Cross-linguistic studies of discourse markers often face various methodological problems regarding the applicability of a single annotation protocol to very diverse data-driven sets of items from several languages. Ideally, such a protocol should overcome language-specific preferences and encompass all possible actualizations of discourse markers, in different contexts and speech situations. Given the great diversity of relations or functions that markers may perform, the list of possible values must be the largest possible, while remaining operational for the perspective of inter-coder agreement. Moreover, the criteria of what counts as a discourse marker must also be very explicit so that the onomasiological selection of items in context can be as stable and exhaustive as possible. We will present a proposal of a corpus-based annotation scheme (Crible, subm.) designed and tested on French and English spoken data across different speech situations (spontaneous and prepared, monologues and dialogues, etc.). This protocol was elaborated for both relational markers (or discourse connectives) and non-relational markers (other discourse markers such as you know or well). We will cover all the features that are accounted for in this annotation and which are mainly of two kinds: syntactic parameters on the one hand, such as a two-fold categorization of the position of the marker in the sentence; and functional features on the other. Position and relation are two parameters that were identified by Zufferey & Cartoni (2012) as "relevant criteria governing the choice of a causal connective" (2012: 233), and it may be assumed that it is the case for other types of markers. The present system also includes a definition of the segments related by the marker, with a fairly large understanding of the unit it may apply to. The functional categories of this protocol are revised versions of previous taxonomies such as Sweetser's (1990) or Gonzalez' (2005). Functions are grouped into four domains: ideational, rhetorical, sequential and interpersonal. This first selection restricts the possible functional value(s) to an operational and closed list of domain-specific functions, elaborated from previous literature (a.o. Prasad et al. 2008, Cuenca 2013, Zufferey & Degand 2014) and empirical testing. In example (1), the English conjunction but works simultaneously in the rhetorical and the sequential domains, performing both a relation of opposition between the two segments, and a text-structuring function of topic-shifting. (1) "So that was the way the decisions were made. But what we also wanted, and we're very keen on this here, …" (bb_en011) The efficiency and operationality of this annotation scheme will be assessed by an annotation experiment contrasting naive and expert coders (all native speakers of French) applying the present protocol to spoken conversations in English and French. Reports of inter-annotator agreement within and between groups will be illustrated and analyzed in order to investigate the source of disagreements, which we expect, at least for expert coders, to be linked to speech-specific and/or highly polysemous, under-specified uses of discourse markers, on the basis of previous studies (e.g. Crible & Zufferey 2015). This annotation experiment will also be an opportunity to explore patterns of combination between the different variables involved, and to raise more general issues regarding the annotation of the complex phenomenon of discourse markers in natural data.


SUMMARY Gay affirmative therapy (GAT) has recently emerged in an attempt to rectify previously discriminatory psychotherapeutic practice with lesbians, bisexuals and gay men. GAT aims to achieve this by providing a framework for practice which is affirmative of lesbian, gay and bisexual identities. This "positive framework" is clearly challenging for psychotherapies which seek to avoid imposing specific expectations on their clients, and a number of humanistic and existential psychotherapists have challenged the applicability of such a framework for their practice. This paper examines these arguments and suggests that Ricoeur's formulation of hermeneutic phenomenology may provide a solution. It is argued that incorporating a version of a hermeneutic of suspicion and critique of the illusions of the subject into psychotherapeutic practice would enable therapists to recognise and work with the twin impact of the psychotherapist and social world on the construction of a client's sexual identity.


A numerical simulation of impact tests of the soil-structure system of the reactor building of Atucha II NPP is presented here (Part II) following a common strategy with Part I of the companion paper. The purpose of the numerical simulations performed is twofold: i) To provide additional insight into the influence of various approximations involved in the numerical analysis of the dynamic response of the soil-structure system subjected to travelling waves, and i) To assess earlier interpretations of the same tests and to arrive at conclusive values of the dynamic parameters (stiffness, frequency and damping) of the soilstructure system. Soil parameters at the site were derived by applying the SASW technique to the records obtained at different locations on the soil surface during the same impact tests. These properties, in turn, were used in the F.E. model of program SASSI to represent the soil layers and infinite boundaries. Work reported on Parts I and II used the same simplified stick model to represent the concrete and steel structures of the reactor building. The system parameters obtained both from numerical models and from experiments (steady state and impact tests) are presented as part of the final conclusions of this evaluation programme.


The number of crypto-currencies is increasing fast. On one hand, following the launch of Bitcoin in 2009, more than 1000 different crypto-currencies are listed in the crypto-currency markets. On the other hand, solutions like eCurrency exist to effectively create digital fiat currencies. There are solid economic reasons to introduce an optimized basket of fiat currencies as well, along the lines of the International Monetary Fund Special Drawing Rights, particularly for entities with global assets and liabilities or for individuals wishing to protect their purchasing power in a more and more global and multipolar world. Up to now this kind of solution was only accessible to a few large institutions due to the structure of the foreign exchange market. The main original contribution of this paper is to present the first use case of linking a managed basket of fiat currencies to a new crypto-token. The tokenisation and the use of blockchain will enable us to make it accessible to any individual gaining diversification while benefiting from good liquidity and low cost. After reviewing recent digital fiat currencies initiatives, we explain the economic rationale of our optimized currency basket and its effective implementation by means of an existing blockchain-based distributed computing platform, i.e., Ethereum. Our technological approach enables a wide range of uses of our currency basket, which would not be possible without crypto-tokens.


Abstract This article provides a response to the contributors of this symposium. Notably, I respond to challenges pertaining to whether my account can: accommodate collective goods and collective choice and the complexities pertaining to intergenerational justice; be reconciled with the insights of relational egalitarianism and non-ideal theory; meet the requirement that it provides political action guidance instead of being practically irrelevant; be grounded in Rawls' considerations about luck and justice; avoid implausible implications regarding 'concern monsters' and offensive preferences.


The Myanmar military's 1 February 2021 coup d'etat of the elected government quickly provoked widespread protests, namely the Civil Disobedience Movement and the Spring Revolution. During the earliest days of these manifestations, people of various gender identities were at the forefront of the demands for political change. They made use of numerous creative tactics to fight the military's political imposition and to bring their grievances to the public sphere. Following the government's brutal suppression of the nonviolent protests emerged the organization of People's Defense Forces. In the years since, fighting, repression, and resistance continue. Now, as ever, it is imperative to interrogate how gender—as produced, experienced, and mobilized—operates across cultural fields, and relates to social transformation in Myanmar. Using nuanced, dynamic methodologies, the four research articles in this special issue of The Journal of Burma Studies take up that challenge. They reconsider gender in varied contexts of social activism, everyday practices, identity politics, and religious histories. Gender discourses in Myanmar are reforged through the work of many different agents, from renunciants to punks, to revolutionaries, and to keyboard warriors. Powerful ideologies are confirmed, The Journal of Burma Studies Vol. 27, No. 1 (2023), pp. 1–27 © 2023 Center for Burma Studies


The utility model discloses a radio-frequency modular circuit which comprises an FSK (Frequency Shift Keying) radio-frequency chip, an antenna matching circuit, a radio-frequency chip peripheral circuit and an SPI (Serial Peripheral Interface) for providing a power supply and an external communication channel for the radio-frequency modular circuit, wherein the FSK radio-frequency chip and the antenna matching circuit are respectively connected with the SPI. As a modularized product, the radio-frequency modular circuit is connected with a main circuit of a wireless radio-frequency product by the SPI. The radio-frequency modular circuit can be designed and produced by enterprises specialized in radio frequency technology, and can be applied to different wireless radio-frequency products, thus reducing research and development investment and production investment on radio-frequency circuit of common wireless radio-frequency product producing enterprises, and shortening product development cycle. As the modularized product, the radio-frequency modular circuit is also beneficial to overhauling and maintenance of the wireless radio-frequency products.


The purpose of this research is to know the influence of learning strategy and independence ability of student learning outcomes and the interaction of these two variables on student achievement in basic theory of tafsir. This research is an experimental research with 2x2 factorial design in collage STAI Alhikmah, PasarMinggu which involves 100 students divided into four groups each of 25 samples. The results showed that; 1). In general, it was found that applying e-learning, the average score was higher than that of applying conventional strategies. 2). There is a difference in applying conventional strategies for students who have higher abstractive thinking skills. 3). Multiple student scores using conventional strategies are higher than conventional strategies for students with low self-reliance, and 4). There is an interaction between e-learning strategy and independence ability. Therefore, it is concluded that conventional strategy and independence ability have a significant influence on student learning outcomes in Tafsir subjects.


Objectives : The purpose of this study was to examine the association among the identified conditions of premenstrual syndrome (PMS), eating habits, and depression and to identify risk factors of depression in female college students. Methods : There were a total of 285 students who were recruited f...


Fresh citrus fruits play a significant role in human nutrition but its quality is affected by a lot of factors between the periods of harvest and consumption. Poor harvesting directly affects market quality and nutritive value of the fruits. For this reason, this study aimed at investigating the effects of harvesting methods on the citrus fruit quality characteristics in the Abura-Asebu Kwamankese and Mfantseman Districts in the Central Region of Ghana. The study was a descriptive survey using questionnaire for data collection. A sample size of 140 were involved in this study which consisted of 50 citrus famers, 50 wholesalers of citrus and 40 consumers of citrus. The respondents were randomly selected from the two Districts. The findings from the study revealed that most farmers use hooks in harvesting the fruits, followed by hand picking and hand shaking of the branches. It was revealed that the harvesting methods have significant effects on the quality of the fruit. It also found out that fruit juice and rind are affected when poor harvesting methods are used. However, the findings from this study could not substantiate whether poor harvesting methods affect the sugar level of the fruits since the respondents were uncertain about it. From the findings, it was therefore recommended that farmers should start embracing mechanical harvesting and special treatments should be applied before, during or after harvesting the fruits.


Europe's economies face difficult times. Without venturing as far as Greece, Latvia, or Spain, consider two `local' stories. In the southwestern English city of Plymouth the council has been seeking to ameliorate the loss of millions of their savings in failed financial investments via selling the bus company and transferring public housing to a management company. In Wuppertal, on the southern fringes of the Ruhr, local government is equally desperate to reduce mounting debts. Public facilities including schools, libraries, swimming pools, and theatres are being closed as part of a draconian austerity package. Describing the dire situation, a German newspaper argued that `̀ cities such as Wuppertal are like Greek islands within Germany having slowly but surely drowned in their debts over recent years'' (Die Tageszeitung 2010, our translation). Wuppertal is interpreted as one of the islands comprising Germany's archipelago of heavily indebted localities, many of whom lost out when investments went bad in the financial crisis.(1) It is not hard to find other sites where fresh waves of neoliberal policies are unfurled and implemented. Although some argue that neoliberal accumulation patterns never assumed stable characteristics, it nonetheless represents `̀ the latest institutional form of capitalism'' (Kotz, 2008, page 2). Notwithstanding variegated outcomes, the ideology can be defined as `̀ a programme of resolving problems of, and developing, human society by means of competitive markets'' (Patoma« ki, 2009, page 431). Yet for a few years there has been a tendency to talk about neoliberalism in the past tense. Engaging those, such as Barnett (2005), Castree (2006), and Larner (2003) who reviewed the ways in which neoliberalism has been discussed, Springer (2008) argues for sustained scrutiny of the power and ongoing significance of neoliberal policy. We concur. Some recent diagnoses envisioning the end of neoliberalism were premature. In the immediate aftermath of the financial bailouts and stimulus packages, there was much media, blog, and bulletin board talk about the ènd' of neoliberalism, sometimes anticipating or designating a new Keynesian moment. Reflecting this, the introduction to a valuable set of essays entitled The Rise and Fall of Neoliberalism. The Collapse of an Economic Order? opens by noting how: `̀Writing about neoliberalism in 2009 is a challenge. On the one hand, the credit crunch and banking crisis have exposed the fault lines in the neoliberal economic order that has been dominant for the last three decades ... . On the other hand, the different impacts and implications of the recent economic crises illustrate the diversity in the implementation and embeddedness of neoliberalism in many countries...'' (Birch and Mykhnenko, 2010, page 1). References to diversity and embeddedness, signifying the scalar unfolding and path dependency of neoliberalism across institutional, national, regional, urban, and local places has become the starting point of the voluminous geographical literature on neoliberalism. Indeed, an eight-year-old landmark paper on ``Neoliberalizing space'' that is invariably cited in this literature did much to encourage attention to detail (Peck and Tickell, 2002). The paper identified two broad, successive phases of implementing neoliberalism. Brenner et al also discern `̀ successive waves of neoliberalization'' (2010, page 182). Arguably, phase 1 comprised the emergence and implementation Commentary Environment and Planning A 2010, volume 42, pages 2037 ^ 2042


Twin studies have shown the almost 100% occurrence of acne in identical twins, but the authors did not compare the severity of acne nor sebum excretion rate. We have investigated 20 sets of identical and 20 sets of non‐identical twins. The acne was graded by the Burke and Cunliffe technique1 and sebum excretion measured by the gravimetric technique.2


Abstract Sediment accumulation and net-sand maps drawn from a data set containing thousands of wells record the shifting loci of reservoir-prone third-order sequences and clarify onlap/offlap cycle relationships within the Miocene and lower Pliocene of the northern Gulf. Two second-order supersequences, one in the lower Miocene, bracketed by the Lenticulina jeffersonensis (Lentic jeff) and Bigenerina humblei (Big hum) sequence boundaries, and one in the middle Miocene - lower Pliocene, bracketed by the Big hum and Ceratolithus acutus sequence boundaries, contain, respectively, six and seven third-order depositional sequences. Accumulation rate patterns at the supersequence level reflect depositional trends related to globally manifest changes in continental erosion and may also identify regional climate and drainage system changes. Accumulation rate patterns at the sequence level record more local effects of river avulsion and salt movement. Sand is nearly equally apportioned between the Louisiana and Texas shelves within lower Miocene third-order sequences and unequally distributed within middle Miocene - lower Pliocene sequences. By the middle Miocene, the Mississippi River system had begun delivering significantly more sand and other sediment to the northern and eastern Gulf than the combined Texas rivers. This change may imply that the drainage system of the Red River was captured and included within the Mississippi River watershed, significantly reducing the source area of Texas rivers. Further reduction of sand deposition on the Texas shelf, during the implied sea level rise portion of the middle Miocene - lower Pliocene supersequence may have been in response to increasing aridity in Texas. The implied sea level fall portions of the supersequences are marked by smaller shelf-edge sand depopods and correspondingly enhanced down slope sediment transport to slope and abyssal plain depocenters. In Louisiana, sand depopods show significant onlap landward from the areas of supersequence lowstand deposition, whereas the Texas section generally progrades forming successive coast-parallel bands of narrow sandy depopods.


according to Tomas.Cornpattern theory,the research model of public security subject for 20 years can be named for traditional security pattern.Now the research pattern of public security subject cannot meet the needs of society because of have been changing an administrative type from a dominative type.With changing of international society and national society,bring forth new ideas in the research pattern of public security subject to meet the needs of the subject progress and society development.So,the theory views and methodology on public security subject must be reformed and a new systematic pattern is bright into in public security subject.We should get a new basic research pattern of public security subject on the ideas of the rule of law and service liability.


The electronic properties of transition metal oxide (TMO) films in resistance random access memory (ReRAM) devices have been gaining research interest in relation to their relevant application in the field of non-volatile memory devices. TMO films sandwiched between two metallic electrodes in ReRAM devices have the ability to switch its electronic properties between insulator and metal upon being subjected to pulse voltages. However, this switching mechanism has not been fully clarified. As part of this big endeavor to fully elucidate this switching mechanism in ReRAM, we introduce, in this review, the proposed effect of electric field on the metal electrode-TMO interface's electronic properties. We use the Ta/CoO/Ta system in our investigation and evaluated its density of states (DOS) to analyze changes in the bandgap of the interface layers in the presence of an electric field. Analysis shows that the presence of the electric field causes a change in the bandgap of the TMO interface layer near the anode side while no change have been seen at the interface layer near the cathode side. This presumes that the anode side has an important role in switching mechanism as compared with the cathode side.


Development new high-performance thermoelectric materials for more efficient power generation systems and eco-friendly refrigerating systems has been challenging. Over the past few decades, thermoelectric studies have been focused on increasing the thermoelectric properties of materials. However, for conventional applications, developing of thermoelectric devices or modules with lower cost and simpler fabrication processes is also important. Simulation models that can predict the thermoelectric efficiency of modules using the thermoelectric properties of materials are needed for this purpose. In this study, we developed a simple model for calculating the efficiency of thermoelectric modules using MATLAB/Simulink. In this model, the temperature difference between the hot source and heat sink was fixed to ensure the precise comparisons of thermoelectric efficiency. The electric resistivity and Seebeck coefficient of thermoelectric materials was used in order to predict the efficiency of the thermoelectric modules. Then, the efficiency of the thermoelectric modules was verified using measured values which had been reported in prior experimental works. In this study, the simulated values were higher than the real thermoelectric effiency values. To address this, the simulations should consider the thermal resistance or electric contact resistance between the thermoelectric materials and electrodes.


The objective of this study was to evaluate lactic flora identification in fresh (one-day) and ripened (90-day) Koozeh cheese samples as one of the raw milk cheeses. In first step, in order to isolate the different genera of Lactic acid bacteria (LAB), selective and differential (corresponding) media were used as follow: MRS for lactobacilli and pediococci, MRS+ vancomycin for leuconostocs, M17 for lactococci and KAA for enterococci. Totally, 48 single, purified colonies were selected and identified using confirmatory, biochemical and phenotypic tests down to the genus level. Lactobacilli (33.33%), lactococci (12.5%), pediococci (2.08%), enterococci (47.91%) and aerococci (4.16%) were determined as the most abundant genera. At last, carbohydrate fermentation profile using API 50 CH and API 20 STREP kits was used for identification down to species level. Finally, following species were identified: Lactobacillus. plantarum, Lb. brevis, Lb. lindneri, Lb. helveticus, Lb. delbrueckii ssp. delbrueckii, Lb. pentosus, Lb. fermentum, Lactococcus. lactis ssp. lactis, Enterococcus. faecium, Ent. faecalis, Ent. avium, Ent. durans and Aerococcus. viridans. In fresh cheese, the Lactococci and lactobacilli genera were predominant but in ripened cheese the enterococci replaced them. Predominant species in fresh cheese were as follow: Lac. lactis ssp. lactis (44.44%) and Lb. plantarum (22.22%) but Ent. faecium (43.58%), Lb. brevis (12.82%) and Ent. faecalis (7.69%) constituted the major part in ripened cheese. We can mention that these predominant lactic acid bacteria play an important role during ripening and also flavor production in raw milk cheeses like Koozeh. So, more precise identification is very necessary using culture- based molecular and culture- independent methods down to strain level.


The morphological structures displayed by iron oxides present a very wide range of shapes and sizes, reflecting to a large extent the growth environment where the iron has been exposed. However, the structure of the rust phases formed on carbon steel in atmospheric exposure includes many imperfections, and real component structures appear to diverge from the ideal crystallographic structure of typical iron oxides. Rigorous information on the morphology of the rust phases formed in atmospheric exposure is very scarce, and there are even fewer studies of analytical information on the chemical compounds corresponding to these rust morphologies. The aim of this paper is to advance this field using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/micro-Raman spectroscopy to perform a more direct and rigorous characterization of the main rust phases. The equipment used consists of a fully integrated confocal Raman microscopy module, which includes an optical video microscope and a high-resolution XY stage on top of the SEM m...


For a 6-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine,two structure design schemes of internal EGR were put forward and the simulation model was built with the software.According to the simulation results,the scheme of exhaust valve reopening,which was realized by appending a small cam to exhaust cam,was designed.Through the experiment,the influences of internal EGR on power,economy and emission performance were researched.The results show that the internal EGR can effectively reduce exhaust and PM emission.


Let K⊂C be a field finitely generated over Q, K(a)⊂C the algebraic closure of K and G(K)=Gal (K(a)/K) its Galois group. For each positive integer m we write K(μm) for the subfield of K(a) obtained by adjoining to K all mth roots of unity. For each prime [lscr ] we write K([lscr ]) for the subfield of K(a) obtained by adjoining to K all [lscr ]-power roots of unity. We write K(c) for the subfield of K(a) obtained by adjoining to K all roots of unity in K(a). Let K(ab)⊂K(a) be the maximal abelian extension of K. The field K(ab) contains K(c); if K=Q then Q(ab)=Q(c) (the Kronecker-Weber theorem). We write χ[lscr ][ratio ]G(K)→Z*[lscr ] for the cyclotomic character defining the Galois action on all [lscr ]-power roots of unity. We write χ[lscr ]= χ[lscr ] mod [lscr ][ratio ]G(K) →Z*[lscr ]→(Z/[lscr ]Z)* for the cyclotomic character defining the Galois action on the [lscr ]th roots of unity. The character χ[lscr ] identifies Gal (K([lscr ])/K) with a subgroup of Z*[lscr ]=Gal (Q([lscr ])/Q). Let μ(Z[lscr ]) be the finite cyclic group μ(Z[lscr ]) of all roots of unity in Z*[lscr ]. Its order is equal to [lscr ]−1 if [lscr ] is odd and 2 if [lscr ]=2. Let Q([lscr ])′ be the subfield of μ(Z[lscr ])-invariants in Q([lscr ]). Clearly, Gal (Q([lscr ])/Q([lscr ])′)=μ(Z[lscr ]) and Gal (Q([lscr ])′/Q)= Z*[lscr ]/μ(Z[lscr ]) is isomorphic to Z[lscr ].


For the limitation of the traditional impulse noise detection, an efficient method based on the image block iterative algorithm is presented in this paper. By the analysis of the image partial information, the image local optimal threshold can be got according to the similarity of local features. Then the noise can be extracted from the background which is made up of original image. So the purpose of eliminating noise can be achieved. The simulation results show that this algorithm is effectively to remove impulse noise from the image as well as reserve more details of the original image. And compared with the traditional image de-noising method, the proposed method produces a higher signal noise ratio.


Title: Dynamic models to predict health outcomes: Current status and methodological challenges Authors: David Jenkins (email@example.com) Matthew Sperin (email@example.com) Glen Martin (email@example.com) Niels Peek (firstname.lastname@example.com) Version: 1 Date: 15 Oct 2018 Author's response to reviews: Response to reviewers" comments We would like to thank all reviewers for their careful and thorough reading of this manuscript and for their constructive comments and suggestions, which have improved the quality of this manuscript. Our point-by-point responses to the reviewers" comments (in bold italics) are given below: We have also attached our response to reviewers as a word document and included both a track change manuscript and revised manuscript without track changes.


Abstract A nanopore‐based CuII‐sensing system is reported that allows for an ultrasensitive and selective detection of CuII with the possibility for a broad range of applications, for example in medical diagnostics. A fluorescent ATCUN‐like peptide 5/6‐FAM‐Dap‐β‐Ala‐His is employed to selectively bind CuII ions in the presence of NiII and ZnII and was crafted into ion track‐etched nanopores. Upon CuII binding the fluorescence of the peptide sensor is quenched, permitting the detection of CuII in solution. The ion transport characteristics of peptide‐modified nanopore are shown to be extremely sensitive and selective towards CuII allowing to sense femtomolar CuII concentrations in human urine mimics. Washing with EDTA fully restores the CuII‐binding properties of the sensor, enabling multiple repetitive measurements. The robustness of the system clearly has the potential to be further developed into an easy‐to‐use, lab‐on‐chip CuII‐sensing device, which will be of great importance for bedside diagnosis and monitor of CuII levels in patients with copper‐dysfunctional homeostasis.


The performance of the circuit may be tainted due to the outflow current and due to the changeability in the nanoscale CMOS technology. By using a frequency divider, a selfhealing voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) , a broad range phase- locked loop (PLL) , and a calibrated charge pump (CP) we can put up the above issues. The PLL is fictional in a 180nm CMOS technology. The jitter performance of the selfhealing PLL will be degraded. Here the power supply consumes about 1.8 V. The simulated data presented is obtained using TANNER EDA tool with 180 nm technology. In terms of power consumption, power delay product and energy delay product, the new current comparison domino offers significant improvement compared to existing system.


Stress is a psychological symptom experienced by every human including students. This study aims to determine the profile of students' academic stress in State University of Surabaya. The research subjects were 3 of 7 faculties selected by cluster random sampling. There were 1553 students as participants, consisting of 301 male students and 1253 female students. The Perception of Academic Stress Scale (PASS) instrument from Bedewy and Gabriel (2015), was used after an adaptation process first. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics to determine the frequency of academic stress level. The analysis showed that there were 74 students or 5% of the population categorized as very high academic stress; 316 students or 20% of the population categorized as high academic stress; 833 students or 54% of the population categorized as moderate academic stress; 267 students or 17% of the population categorized as low academic stress tegory; and 63 students or 4% of the population categorized as very low academic stress.


A partially adaptive array is one in which elements of a phased array are controlled or adaptively weighted in groups or in which certain elements, called auxiliary elements, are made controllable. Mathematically, this type of array is formed by transforming all of the elements of an array by a nonsquare matrix such that the resulting output vector has a length less than the number of array elements. It is shown that there is an equivalent matrix transform that can effectively be utilized in analyzing the partially adaptive array's performance when a small number of external jammers are present. Processor implementation and convergence rate considerations lead to the desirability of reducing the dimensionality of the cancellation processor while maintaining good sidelobe interference protection. A meaningful measure of canceller performance is to compute the optimal output signal-to-noise ratio. This expression is a function of the jammer, direction-of-arrival vectors (DOAVs), jammer powers, the array steering vector, and internal noise. It is shown that if this expression is computed for the fully adaptive array then it is easily computed for the partially adaptive array by transforming the jammer DOAVs and the steering vector by the orthogonal projection matrix defined by the rows of the subarray transformation matrix and substituting these vectors back into the original expression for the fully adaptive array. >


This book analyses the relationship between Presbyterians and Catholics in eighteenth-century Scotland. The author considers the weapons wielded against the Scottish Catholic Mission by the state and by the Church of Scotland - penal laws, Royal Bounty missions and SSPCK schools. Once the government no longer saw Catholics as a threat to the safety of the state, Presbyterians were left to fight their crusade on their own. Convinced as they were that the best strategy in order to stamp out Catholicism was to eradicate ignorance, Presbyterians seemed to give pride of place to education. The author, however, argues that - for all their criticism of the attitude of the Church of Rome in Catholic countries - Presbyterians used similar strategies to try and improve their standing in the Highlands.


This paper describes the general development of the economy in Huadu District and analyzes the problems regarding the cultivation of the business English talents by the colleges and universities in Huadu district.Based on the above description and analysis,the author manages to propose some ideas on how to link the cultivation of business English talents to the regional economic development.


Abstract. Suppose that S is a sublinear operator such as the Littlewood–Paley g function, the Lusin area integral or the intrinsic square function. We prove several sharp weighted inequalities for the m-th order commutator of the operator S with b∈ BMO $b\in \mathrm {BMO}$ . Finally, we construct several examples showing that our bounds are sharp.


The all-electron exact muffin-tin orbitals method in combination with the coherent-potential approximation was employed to investigate the ideal tensile strengths of elemental V and Mo solids, and ...