: The effect of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi inoculation was investigated on two winter wheat cultivars ( Triticum aestivum var. Mv Nádor and var. Genius) grown under farm conditions in the neighbourhood of Nagyhörcsök in 2016. The soil was a chernozem with lime deposits (WBR classification: Calcic chernozem) with a mean humus content of 2.73%, AL-soluble P 2 O 5 and K 2 O concentrations of 181 mg kg -1 and 149 mg kg -1 and a pH (KCl) value of 7.27. The AM inoculum contained reproductive units of Rhizophagus irregularis (previously Glomus intraradices ) and Glomus mosseae (syn. Funneliformis mosseae ). In addition to soil inoculation, some of the treatments were also given mineral fertiliser treatment (130 kg N ha -1 , 78 kg P 2 O 5 ha -1 , 60 kg K 2 O ha -1 ). Both AM inoculation and mineral fertiliser treatment were found to have a significant effect on the yield (at the p<0.05 level). The yield of plots with mycorrhizal inoculation averaged 8.17 t ha -1 , which was higher than that of non-inoculated plots (7.52 t ha -1 ), while the yield of plots with fertiliser treatment averaged 8.31 t ha -1 , as compared with 7.38 t ha -1 for non-fertilised plots. The yield-enhancing effect of AM inoculation was only manifested in plots given no mineral fertiliser. Plant protection measures were the same in all the treatments. The results and the conclusions drawn from them were based on the data of a single year (2016). Data from experiments performed in several years with more cultivars and soils with diverse properties will be required to obtain better grounded, more reliable recommendations for farmers.


Background: Gastric (stomach) cancer is common, difficult to detect and has a high mortality rate. Many gastric cancers are treatable with invasive gastrointestinal surgery, including total or part...


Egypt is remarkable for the wealth of its cultural properties, reaching back more than five thousand years. Few nations rival its extensive cultural and physical heritage. The site of Saqqara, which served as a necropolis from earliest dynastic times through the advent of Egypt as a Roman province, is replete with monuments of almost every period of ancient Egyptian civilization, including the first pyramid, along with important monuments from the subsequent Middle, New Kingdom and Late Periods, as well. Located approximately twelve miles to the southwest of modern-day Cairo, the necropolis is one of the most popular and heavily visited sites in Egypt and is one of the "must see" stops on virtually every itinerary of any trip to Egypt. Because of the wide variety and concentration of monuments, including such seminal structures as the Step Pyramid of Zoser, which reflect crucial stages in the development of Egyptian civilization, it is a unique site, from which much information of historical, cultural and artistic importance is still extracted, despite the fact that archaeology in the area has been ongoing for something approaching 150 years.


The experimental electron density distribution (EDD) of 1-methyluracil (1-MUR) was obtained by single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) experiments at 23 K. Four different structural models fitting an extensive set of XRD data to a resolution of (sinθ/λ)max = 1.143 Å−1 are compared. Two of the models include anharmonic temperature factors, whose inclusion is supported by the Hamilton test at a 99.95% level of confidence. Positive Fourier residuals up to 0.5 eÅ–3 in magnitude were found close to the methyl group and in the region of hydrogen bonds. Residual density analysis (RDA) and molecular dynamics simulations in the solid-state demonstrate that these residuals can be likely attributed to unresolved disorder, possibly dynamical and long–range in nature. Atomic volumes and charges, molecular moments up to hexadecapoles, as well as maps of the molecular electrostatic potential were obtained from distributed multipole analysis of the EDD. The derived electrostatic properties neither depend on the details of the multipole model, nor are significantly affected by the explicit inclusion of anharmonicity in the least–squares model. The distribution of atomic charges in 1-MUR is not affected by the crystal environment in a significant way. The quality of experimental findings is discussed in light of in-crystal and gas-phase quantum simulations.


was not (liscovered till the autopsy, remilarks that, thoummh the diagnosis of secondary cancer of the lung is sometimes wrongly made, errors are much more frequently committed in regard to primary cancer of the lung, as might be expected frcmn the extreme rarity of the condition. All writers are now agreed that there are nio symptoms or physical signs peculiar to priniary or secondary carncer of the lung. Sometimes the symptoms are entirely misleading and suggest heart disease, as in Demange's case, in vhich there was a murmtur of tricUspid insufficiency due to thrombosis of the pulmonary artery, or in the case of Spillmann and Haushalter, in which a diastolic murmur at the base, due to conipression of the root of the heart, anid the pallor of the face suggested aorlic-insufficiency. Bocage found tlat pericarditis with effusion was simulated on several occasions. Creyx points out that the persistence of signs of induration regarded by Stokes as cliaracteristic of camieer of theJlung may occur in all cases of sclerosis of any extent, even of a tuberculous nature. Rapid reaccumulation of pleural flutid after puncture is also far from possessing the diagncslic value -attributed to it, as it is sometimes met Nvith in tuherculous pleurisy in which an effusion may last for weeks and even months. The prune juice expectoration, also regardeed by Stokes as a valuable sign of cancer of the lung, Qnly occurs when ulceration has taken place. The presence of particles of the new growth in the sputum, which is the only sure sign, is excessively rare, as is shown by the fact that Kiurt Wolff did not find a single examiiple of cancer cells in the sputum among 31 cases of cancer of the lung. X rays also do not clear up the diagnosis, except, perhaps, in the cases where the lung parenchyma is inflltrated with neoplastic growths (almost always of secondary nature), which are sharply separated from one another by extensive areas of healthy tissue.


In this article, a full temporal and spatial description of discharge for pure nitrogen gas in a nearly uniform electric field is reported. Results of simulation given provide a full understanding of the discharge at different stages of the ionization process. Effects of the primary energetic electrons and the secondary electrons are clearly shown at each stage of the ionization growth being followed in the discharge gap. Presented are the local electric field distribution and temporal behavior of the streamers at each point of the discharge medium along with the secondary processes affecting ionization growth.


: Context: The high risk HPV 16 and 18 are known to be associated with some cancers of UADT, particularly oropharynx. These are more commonly seen in young patients, predominantly in male without known risk factors like smoking and alcoholism. Clinically they present with small or occult primary tumor with advanced neck disease. These patients are sensitive to radiotherapy and have better prognosis than conventional keratinizing SCC. The p16 is a surrogate marker for detection HPV. Aims: To detect the frequency of p16 positivity in UADT cancer and correlate p16 positivity with the clinical presentation, histological type and grade of UADT cancers. Methods and Material: Observational study conducted from January 2016 to June 2017 on all the newly diagnosed cases of primary UADT cancer confirmed by histopathological examination. Tissue biopsies were processed, 5 micron sections were stained with H and E and 3 micron sections were subjected for p16 IHC. The collected data was entered in Excel sheet and analyzed using Microsoft Excel software for percentages and proportions. Results: The UADT cancer study subjects showed 37.2% positivity for p16. They were in the age group of 41 to 50 years, most of them were male. Majority of p16 positive UADT cancer study subjects were non smokers, non alcoholics and were not chewing betel nuts. Common site of involvement is oropharynx. Conclusions: Analysis of our result with review of literature showed significant comparable p16 positivity with oropharyngeal cancers. The p16 immunohistochemistry is a surrogate marker for detection of HPV.


In modern era, MANET i.e., Mobile Ad-hoc Network is a very powerful, interactive tool and useful resource for transmission/communication in computer networks. About composition of MANET, a collection of mobile nodes have the potential of creating self-maintaining and self-configurable
 network without having any centralized infrastructure i.e., MANET is a self-organized network without any infrastructure. Nodes in the network require energy for transmission of data after collapse of energy a node become inactive and it can't participate in the communication. Due to
 exhaustation of energy the network becomes unstable. An unstable network requires extra routing process for coin out a route. In future security of MANET is a major challenge for smooth and efficient data communication. There are many protocols in MANET but in this paper, we discussed AODV
 routing protocol for data communication. In this paper a new algorithm is designed i.e., modified AODV with security constraint. This paper also gives the comparative study of original AODV and modified AODV.


Sufficient fracture conductivity must be sustained in fracture networks created by massive slickwater fracturing to continue the exploitation of ultralow-permeability shale formations. However, unrealistic conductivity values obtained under ideal laboratory conditions are generally utilized for fracture designs. In this study, we outlined an experimental program to measure the conductivity of different possible fracture patterns in the fracture network, such as standard smooth fractures and shear fractures, with varying amounts of proppant and placement patterns. The results show that low-conductivity fractures are likely to form in a soft shale. The high roughness and shear displacement of fracture surfaces improve conductivity. However, the crushing degree of the surface asperities is high for soft shale, which reduces the self-supporting capability of the fracture. The conductivity values under ideal proppant-placement conditions are overestimated substantially.


Hydrogen and filamentous carbon have been produced by direct catalytic decomposition of methane. ZSM-5 Zeolite with ratios of Si/Al (25, 140, and 750) was used as a support in 0.5 wt% Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts. Fresh and spent Pd/ZSM-5 catalysts were characterized by XRD, SEM, TGA and CHN analyses. The hydrogen formation rates for the catalysts were Pd/ZSM-5 (25) < Pd/ZSM-5 (140) < Pd/ZSM-5 (750). The CHN analysis showed wt% of the carbon that was deposited, over the catalysts, during the reaction run to be 15.6, 17.1, and 34.3 for Pd/ZSM-5 (25), Pd/ZSM-5 (140), and Pd/ZSM-5 (750), respectively. The SEM images revealed that filamentous carbon was produced. It appears that the zeolite support in different Si/Al ratios led to form different sizes of palladium particles and palladium dispersion over ZSM-5 support. It is suggested that the catalyst activity be ascribed to the palladium particles size and its dispersion over ZSM-5.


Photoacoustic studies of the vapors of the essential oils of thyme, mint and anise have been made using a line-tunable waveguide CO2 laser in conjunction with a heat-pipe type of photoacoustic vapor sample cell operated over the temperature range 20 - 180 degree(s)C. Identifying spectral fingerprint features are found in the 9 - 10 micrometers spectral region for each of the three essential oils investigated. The principal features of the photoacoustic spectrum of each essential oil are associated with the dominant chemicals present i.e. thymol in thyme oil, menthol in mint and anethole in anise.


Because of its geographical position and its population of over 1.19 million, Dongguan County in Guangdong Province, China occupies an important position in the family planning program of the whole province, and country. In the 1st 10 days of July 1985, the Family Planning Commission of Guangdong Province conducted a survey of Dongguan County. The results show 6 remarkable changes: 1) both rural and urban people are more and more likely to practice family planning on their own accord. (The total fertility rate dropped from 5.9 in the early years of the People's Republic to 2.05 in 1982); 2) women, released from heavy household chores, have become a vital new force for the development of industrial production (The gross industrial output value of the town industry increased by 87.57% from 1987 to 1984.); 3) the living standard of both rural and urban people improved along with more flourishing industrial and agricultural production; 4) educational work and population quality have improved; 5) moral culture has progressed (Family planning is commonly practiced.); and 6) social development has occurred, such as purification of tap water, and the building of cultural, sport, and recreational facilities. The County Family Planning commission achieved its successes by political mobilization policies, scientific birth control, and good services. Their main approaches include 1) associating political mobilization with the local reality; 2) popularizing knowledge of birth control science and life science through special schools, training courses, lectures, and research; 3) rewarding 1-child families with material benefits; and 4) improving living conditions of widowed and childless old people to alleviate worries of sonless households.


Autosomal dominant tubulointerstitial kidney disease (ADTKD) is an increasingly recognized cause of end-stage kidney disease, primarily due to mutations in UMOD and MUC1 . The lack of clinical recognition and the small size of cohorts have slowed the understanding of disease ontology and development of diagnostic algorithms. To expand on this, we analyzed two registries from Europe and the United States to define genetic and clinical characteristics of ADTKD- UMOD and ADTKD- MUC1 and develop a practical score to guide genetic testing. Our study encompassed 726 patients from 585 families with a presumptive diagnosis of ADTKD along with clinical, biochemical, genetic and radiologic data. Collectively, 106 different UMOD mutations were detected in 216/562 (38.4%) of families with ADTKD (303 patients), and 4 different MUC1 mutations in 72/205 (35.1%) of the families that are UMOD -negative (83 patients). The median kidney survival was significantly shorter in patients with ADTKD- MUC1 compared to ADTKD- UMOD (46 vs. 54 years respectively), whereas the median gout-free survival was dramatically reduced in patients with ADTKD- UMOD compared to ADTKD-MUC1 (30 vs. 67 years respectively). In contrast to patients with ADTKD- UMOD , patients with ADTKD- MUC1 had normal urinary excretion of uromodulin and distribution of uromodulin in tubular cells. A diagnostic algorithm based on a simple score coupled with urinary uromodulin measurements separated patients with ADTKD- UMOD from those with ADTKD- MUC1 with a sensitivity of 94.1%, a specificity of 74.3% and a positive predictive value of 84.2% for a UMOD mutation. Thus, ADTKD- UMOD is more frequently diagnosed than ADTKD- MUC1 , ADTKD subtypes present with distinct clinical features, and a simple score coupled with urine uromodulin measurements may help prioritizing genetic testing. Primers used for mutation C150S: forward (5'->3') gatggcactgtgagtcctccccgggctcctg, reverse (5'->3') caggagcccggggaggactcacagtgccac and for mutation L248P: forward (5'->3') cccgagtgtcacccggcgtactgcaca, reverse (5'->3') tgtgcagtacgccgggtgacactcggg. Whitney U test or unpaired t -test. ANOVA testing with Tukey's multiple comparison test was used to compare urinary uromodulin levels. Kaplan-Meier curves were generated to display ESKD- and gout-free survival. Patients who had not reached ESKD or developed gout at the end of the study ( outcome of interest not occurred during follow-up time) were considered as censored individuals. Censoring time was defined as age at last follow-up. A log-rank test was used for comparison of survival curves. The performance of the UMOD score was assessed by calculating the area under the curve of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. The Youden's index was used to define the optimal discriminatory cut-off point for the UMOD -score. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics (Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). p<0.05 was considered statistically significant, two sided tests were used.


Solid waste management is a challenge for the municipalities in developing countries mainly due to the increasing generation of waste, without planning. The present work focus on the analysis of collection's sectors of household waste using the real performances indicators, in a case study of borough El Bousten – commun of Sfax, Tunisia. It is useful to define "right" common parameters, which allow the definition of the circuits. The aim is to use "right and rigorous" indicators which characterize the sectors of collections. The resultant contributes that indicator effectively as a measure instrument must reflect the effectiveness of the collection and also provide good information to citizens.


FIELD: transport. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to control over gearboxes. The proposed method of a vehicle gearbox control comprises the application of a control system for the determination of the first initial gear ratio. Then the second initial gear ratio whereat the vehicle runs to stop is determined. Besides, it comprises setting the gearbox to the second initial gear ratio whereat it exceeds the first one defined by the control system. The control system for automatic gearbox control comprises means for the determination of the said first and second initial gear ratios and means for setting of the gearbox to the second initial gear ratio. Besides, the invention relates to a vehicle incorporating the above described system. EFFECT: friendly control over the gearbox is achieved. 12 cl, 3 dwg


"Flower",which is called the spirit of the Northwest,is the nonmaterial cultural heritages registered by UNESCO.It has its own values of arts,sociology,history,literature and linguistics.Because of its wide distribution,long history,distinctive feature and rich value,it has become the important Northwest tourism resource containing rich tourism values such as unique folk custom,original ecology,culture,religion and meeting business.However,only by exactly mastering its image location and the strategies for developing,publicizing and marketing,can "flower" be developed scientifically.


New strategies to control U.S. health spending growth are urgently needed. Although provider payment cuts are likely, cutting fee-for-service (FFS) payments will hurt quality and access. A more sensible approach would be to restructure the delivery system into organized networks of providers delivering reliable, evidence-based care. But restructuring will not occur without payment policy reform. Four policy options are commonly cited: recalibrating FFS, instituting pay-for-performance, creating episode-based payments, and adopting global payments. We argue that episode payments are the most immediately viable approach, and we recommend that payment reforms precede any payment reductions so that new delivery models can gain traction. [Health Affairs 28, no. 2 (2009): w262–w271 (published online 27 January 2009; 10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.w262)] T h e r e i s s t r o n g c o n s e n s u s t h at t h e U.S. health care system fails to provide either the quality or the value that it should, and that substantial restructuring is urgently needed. Despite deep dysfunction and numerous public and private reform efforts, the system has been astoundingly resistant to change. But health spending has reached a level where continued annual increases two to three percentage points faster than the nation's economic growth will increasingly limit the ability of employers and public programs to offer health coverage. Unless the forty-year historical spending trend miraculously abates, vigorous expansion of public and private cost control initiatives is inevitable. Of the strategies capable of immediately slowing growth in health spending, reducing benefits and limiting services run counter to the urgent need to improve health care access. This leaves provider payment cuts as the "least bad" option for achieving short-term savings. However, in the fragmented U.S. delivery system, cutting fee-for-service (FFS) payments over any sustained time period will hurt w 2 6 2 2 7 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9 C o m m e n t a r y DOI 10.1377/hlthaff.28.2.w262 ©2009 Project HOPE–The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc. Rob Mechanic (firstname.lastname@example.com) is a senior fellow at the Heller School for Social Policy and Management, Brandeis University, in Waltham, Massachusetts. Stu Altman is the Sol C. Chaikin Professor of National Health Policy there. both quality and access. A more sensible approach would be to develop a longterm agenda to restructure the delivery system into organized networks of providers capable of delivering reliable, evidence-based care within realistic budgets. Expanding organized networks will not, by itself, reverse the health care spending trend. But in a future of constrained spending growth, organized networks will be better able to optimize the mix of patient services and preserve quality compared with the current system of unconnected providers, particularly if payers realign financial incentives. Physicians and hospitals now have few incentives to establish or join organized networks. We believe that payment reform is a necessary precondition for the types of delivery system changes needed to bring about a more efficient and effective health care system. Four payment reform options have been widely discussed: recalibrating FFS; instituting pay-for-performance (P4P); creating episode payments that combine hospital and physician reimbursement; and adopting global payment approaches such as capitation. We briefly summarize each below, according to four criteria: (1) their potential for reducing unnecessary utilization; (2) their potential for encouraging high-quality care; (3) the support they provide for provider integration; and (4) operational feasibility. We also discuss blended approaches, and we conclude by discussing implementation issues. Option 1: Recalibrate FFS Payments FFS reimbursement pays for care regardless of whether services are appropriate or of high quality, and it supports wide geographic variations in health care use and spending. It penalizes organizations that try to reduce unnecessary services or shift patients into low-cost settings with reduced revenues and profits, creating a sizable barrier to delivery reform. FFS also encourages overuse of many costly specialty services while shortchanging important but less lucrative areas such as primary care. Welldocumented inaccuracies in Medicare hospital and physician payment have made certain services highly profitable and others money-losers. The most profitable have been those with rapidly advancing technology, where new equipment has increased physician productivity and reduced costs. Because prices have remained at their initial levels while costs have declined, use of cardiovascular procedures, orthopedics, and advanced imaging have increased rapidly. Service-line profitability influences health care investment decisions. Recalibrating Medicare FFS rates to establish more-neutral financial incentives would encourage investments that are better aligned with communities' medical needs. However, in a recalibrated FFS system, providers will still be paid more for doing more rather than for achieving better outcomes. The political challenges of recalibration are also great, as powerful interests will react negatively to potential income reductions. E p i s o d e P a y m e n t H E A L T H A F F A I R S ~ W e b E x c l u s i v e w 2 6 3 Option 2: Pay-For-Performance The concept of P4P has strong intuitive appeal. By 2006, 258 P4P programs were being operated by 140 public and private payers. However, few programs have been formally evaluated, and those that have show mixed results. One early analysis concluded that physician P4P may produce little gain in quality for the money spent, and it may largely reward physicians with higher baseline performance. Many design issues remain unresolved, including whether programs should target individual physicians or groups; the proportion of physician remuneration needed to change behavior; and whether incentives should reward the level of performance or the rate of improvement. The most important factor limiting P4P's potential, however, is the current lack of meaningful, actionable performance measures. Most programs rely on widely available process measures such as the Healthcare Effectiveness Data and Information Set (HEDIS). Clinical outcome measures such as death and complication rates associated with surgery are more meaningful but are technically problematic. Furthermore, most outcome measures focus on very small subsets of clinical practice. The deficit in performance measurement is a fundamental concern for all payment models discussed in this paper. Broader measures that target multiple dimensions of care and foster shared accountability among caregivers are needed. In contrast to the modest impact of most P4P programs, Medicare's new policy of withholding hospital payments for services caused by eight secondary conditions it defines as "preventable complications" has important implications for quality improvement. Although financial savings from this effort will be small, it could have a large impact on hospital behavior if seen as an initial phase of future Medicare policy changes that penalize poor performance. P4P is an important development, but it must evolve beyond its current form to be effective. P4P addresses a major conceptual flaw in FFS by rewarding quality of care. However, P4P programs are unlikely to affect spending trends as long as their primary emphasis is rewarding providers for delivering "underused" services rather than for judicious use of potentially "overused" treatments. Nor is P4P likely to drive substantial provider integration, although programs that reward the adoption of information technology (IT) and care management processes may be beneficial on the margin. In spite of these issues, P4P can be a valuable component of either a modified FFS system or a more global model. However, P4P combined with FFS is not our preferred alternative. Option 3: Bundled Payment For Episodes Of Care Options 1 and 2 contain few incentives for cooperation among hospitals, physicians, and other care providers. As a result, there is growing interest in bundled payments that include all services associated with an episode of care, such as a hospital admission. This would go beyond hospital diagnosis-related groups w 2 6 4 2 7 J a n u a r y 2 0 0 9 C o m m e n t a r y


This research handles the space recognition aspect about the mud flat of the Korean modern poem and unfolding method. So far, in the modern premiere,...


ABSTRACT The quality and the properties of bakery products are influenced essentially by the structure of the pre-fabricated dough. For wheat dough production, there are two types of processes: the batch/discontinuous process or Universal Kneading Machines (UKM) and the continuous process by the means of a Screw-Type Kneading machine (STK). UKM is used mainly for the repeated production of relatively small batches typically employed in craft bakeries, whilst STK may be used mainly in mass production by industrial bakeries. The utilisation of UKM processes in industrial mass production is only possible by installing several machines in the form of a carousel (normally 4 to 8 machines) in order to permit "quasi continuous" production. Improvers, such as ascorbic acid and emulsifiers, can be reduced by changing the pressure/vacuum conditions during mixing. in the Chorleywood Bread Process (CBP). This process allows modification of dough properties and can provide different final bread structure: from typically open for baguettes to very fine for the production of sandwich type bread. Based on these techniques, COVAD is designed to combine a continuous mixing/kneading operation with pressure and vacuum apparatus for modifying the atmospheric conditions during mixing.


1.0 Introduction Systematic sampling (either with equal or unequal selection probabilities) is a common sampling scheme in complex sample designs. It is used because of its simplicity of implementation and its potential increase in efficiency, given a good frame ordering, which acts as an additional stratification. One problem with systematic sampling is that such samples can be viewed as a cluster sample of cluster sample size one. As such, unbiased variance estimation becomes impossible without additional assumptions. One common method for approximating the variance from systematic sampling is to treat the sample as a super-stratified sample. This is accomplished by placing the sample selected within a stratum into the order it was selected and pairing consecutively selected PSUs. Each pair can then be treated as a pseudo-stratum for variance estimation purposes. There are problems using the pseudo-stratum variance approach. The main problem is that the pseudo-stratum variances still does not reflect the appropriate systematic sampling variance. As such, the variance may only reflect with-replacement sampling. By assumption, the correlation between pseudo-strata is assumed to be zero. At first glance, it seems like these drawbacks would lead to an overestimate of the variance. However, since the correlations can be negative, this need not be the case. In Kaufman (1998), it is shown that using the pseudo-stratum approach can produce large underestimates of the variance. To reduce this problem, the 1998 paper proposes a consistent bootstrap variance estimation procedure. The advantage of the bootstrap methodology is that it becomes possible to reflect an appropriate systematic sampling variance. The problem with this procedure is that without special adjustments, the bootstrap estimator is biased. To produce an unbiased variance estimator, adjustments are based on estimates from multiple samples. Generally, this is only possible with variables on the frame. Since the required adjustment is dependent on the variable of interest, the proposed procedure can have limited utility. In this paper, the frame will be randomized in a controlled way, so that some of the affects on efficiency of the frame ordering are maintained, while eliminating the within and between pseudo-stratum correlations. Without the correlations, it becomes possible to estimate the variance in an unbiased fashion, where the expectation is taken across all possible random orderings. With an unbiased variance estimator, the bootstrap variance estimator can be adjusted using only data from a single sample. The organization of this paper is: 1) define the randomized systematic sampling, 2) define the bootstrap procedure, 3) describe a simulation study to test the bootstrap variance estimator, and 4) present the results and conclusions. 2.0 Systematic Sampling Systematic probability proportionate to size sampling (PPS) is a common procedure used with complex sample designs. The procedure is described in (Wolter, 1985, pp. 283-286). The idea is to divide the frame into consecutive, exhaustive and disjoint groups of Primary Sampling Units (PSUs), called partition groups, such that the total measures of size in each group are all equal. The total measure of size in a group is called the sampling interval. For this to work, some PSUs must span multiple partition groups. The first sampled PSU is randomly selected from PSUs in the first partition group. All other PSUs are selected systematically, one per partition group, starting from the point of selection of the first PSU. It is assumed that before sample selection, PSUs with measures of size larger than the sampling interval have been excluded from the sampling. Such units are considered certainty PSUs.


Hereditary spastic paraplegia (HSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disorder presenting as lower limb spasticity having two clinical types and various modes of inheritance. A young male patient presented with bilateral lower limb weakness of one-year duration showing both sensory and motor abnormalities on examination. MRI of brain and spine done as part of workup revealed marked atrophy of anterior corpus callosum with abnormal signal intensity at tips of frontal horns of ventricles mimicking the appearance of the ear of a Eurasian lynx. No other abnormality was encountered in the brain or spinal cord in our case. Other imaging abnormalities which can be encountered in such a case include periventricular and central white matter changes as well as spinal cord atrophy. Pathologically this condition is recognised by degeneration of lateral and posterior columns of the spinal cord. The differential diagnosis includes structural, metabolic, neurodegenerative, motor and nutritional deficiency disorders.


Some intersting identical equations are obtained about the 1 st and the 2 nd Chebyshev multinomial by using the primary methods;and based on them, some identical equations about Fibonacci numbers and Lucas numbers are also obtained by using reference.


Scanning tunneling microscopy measurements and first principles density functional theory calculations are used to study the rate of the rotational transition of Si ad-dimers on top of the surface dimer rows of Si(100). The rotation rate and the relative population of the two stable orientations of the ad-dimers are measured as a function of the applied electric field to extract the zero-field behavior. The measured relative stability of the two configurations is used to test the accuracy of various functionals for density functional theory calculations. {copyright} {ital 1996 The American Physical Society.}


Experimentation is important within science for determining the effectiveness of proposed theories and methods. However, computer science has not developed a concise taxonomy of methods applicable for demonstrating the validity of a new technique. In this paper we discuss the methods generally employed to validate an experiment and propose a taxonomy consisting of 12 techniques that can be used to show that a new technology achieves its hypothesized goals. An evaluation of over 600 papers published from 1985 through 1995 shows that the 12 methods can be effectively applied to research papers, and we provide some observations of how well the research community validates its claims in these papers.


The process level of substation,which is based on the international standard IEC61850 of substation communication network and automatic system,is researched. Compared with electro - magnetic transformer and traditional switching equipment,the features and applications of electronic transformer and intelligent switch are introduced. The digitization and networking of secondary equipment are explained by its communication structure. The changes of substation process level structure are detailed. With the application of multi -path one -way point -to -point serial chain,it is stated IEC61850 - 9 - 1 is the communication protocol between cell level and process level,and with the structure of IEC61850 - 9 - 2 based substation,it is stated IEC61850 - 9 - 2 enhances the communication between cell level and process level. Considerations during the development of process level automation are analy zed,such as power supply of active electronic transformer, interference,stability and lifetime,measuring standard and method,synchronization,real time- communi - cation,device cross - operation and so on. It is suggested that the first equipment and secondary equipment should be developed correspondingly.


This article take the liquid sourdough as flavor leaven in steamed bread production. By the method of single factor test and orthogonal experiments, the liquid sourdough fermentation process technology was obtain. The experimental results show that the primary and secondary order of liquid sourdough fermentation conditions was the amount of yeast addproportion of flour and waterfermentation temperaturefermentation time. The optimal prescription was as follow: the flour to water ratio 0.5, the amount of yeast to add 0.7%, fermentation time of 24 hours, the fermentation temperature of 33 ℃.


Results of radiation damage in Pu and Pu{sub 1-x}Am{sub x} alloys studied with magnetic susceptibility, {chi}(T), and resistivity are presented. Damage accumulated at low temperatures increases {chi}(T) for all measured alloys, with the trend generally enhanced as the lattice expands. There is a trend towards saturation observable in the damage induced magnetic susceptibility data, that is not evident in similar damage induced resistivity data taken on the same specimen. A comparison of isochronal annealing curves measured by both resistivity and magnetic susceptibility on a 4.3at% Ga stabilized {delta}-Pu specimen show that Stage I annealing, where interstitials begin to move, is largely transparent to the magnetic measurement. This indicates that interstitials have little impact on the damage induced increase in the magnetic susceptibility. The isochronal annealing curves of the Pu{sub 1-x}Am{sub x} alloys do not show distinct annealing stages as expected for alloys. However, samples near 20% Am concentration show an unexpected increase in magnetization beginning when specimens are annealed to 35K. This behavior is also reflected in a time dependent increase in the magnetic susceptibility of damaged specimens indicative of first order kinetics. These results suggest there may be a metastable phase induced by radiation damage and annealing in Pu{sub more » 1-x}Am{sub x} alloys. « less


Replies are given to the commentaries of the seven cognitive science experts. Additional circuit diagrams clarify thalamic operations in attention and basal ganglia operations by which motivation affects attention. Selection-by-suppression and negative priming are accounted for within frontal control areas. Confusions between the terms awareness and consciousness persist, owing to the powerful habit of using awareness as a synonym for consciousness. Leaving consciousness as an umbrella term to denote many loosely-defined aspects of experience, the term awareness denotes the aspect of experience in which attention is directed to bodily sensations, thereby involving the self in ongoing experience. The responses to the commentaries are organized under three main headings: (1) anatomical properties of the triangular circuit of attention; (2) functions of the triangular circuit in attention; and (3) relations of attention to awareness and self-awareness. 1. Anatomical Properties of the Triangular Circuit of


Keynote presentation given during the second day of the code4lib Conference held Feb. 15-17, 2006 at LaSells Stewart Center, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon.


This paper describes the development and use of a range of small glass magnetrons for use as low-power sources in the centimetre band. Although originally designed for measurement purposes and as local oscillators in receivers, they have proved most useful as oscillators for centimetre-wave transmitters. These magnetrons have an anode system consisting of a number of interleaved segments and are provided with an indirectly-heated oxide-cathode; they are generally similar in form to a small glass receiving valve. They oscillate at a wavelength which is largely decided by the length of the anode segments, but can be tuned over a narrow range by variation of the applied magnetic field, or by adjustment of the external circuit. A series of experimental valves has been made covering a wavelength range of 4.5 to 11 cm with outputs of the order of 0.1 watt at 4.5 cm increasing to 0.5 watt at 11 cm. Three types taken from this experimental range were modified for production in larger quantities, namely the E1210 for 9.1 cm and the CV79 and CV89 for two wavelengths in the region of 6.5 cm. Some characteristics of these established designs are presented together with descriptions of their associated circuits. Methods of modulation are referred to, particularly the application of pulse-width modulation. With a transmitter using this system of modulation applied to an E1210, radio telephony at centimetre waves is possible with quality comparable with that obtainable at longer wavelengths.


Spatial variability within a forage field can be used to assess how soil properties relate to forage characteristics of yield, mineral composition, and nutritive value. The relationship between the dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) of the forage and soil cations is of particular interest to dairy farmers because of problems related to hypocalcemia. An experiment was conducted on a dairy farm in southern Quebec (Canada) to determine the variability in soil cations (K, Mg, Ca) and forage characteristics (yield, mineral composition, and nutritive value) and to establish relationships between them, primarily with respect to DCAD. A 10-ha field with a tile-drained silty loam soil was seeded in 1998 with a mixture of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.). Soil samples were collected on a systematic grid in spring (n = 151) and fall (n = 38) 1999. Forage samples were collected at these sampling points at the first harvest in June 1999 and 2000. Soil K and K-related properties (...


This paper investigates a full-duplex (FD) wireless network with decode-and-forward (DF) and amplify-and-forward (AF) dual-hop relays. We consider two residual self-interference (RSI) models at the FD relay where interference effect is modeled as either Gaussian noise or as block fading, and their variance can either be independent or dependent on transmit power. We also consider the interference via the direct link. For both relaying protocols, the exact and asymptotic expressions for the outage probability are derived over Rayleigh fading channels with distance-dependent path loss for eight possible cases. Simulation results are provided to verify the analytical results.


(57) Abstract: The present invention is a promoter that directs expression in tumor cells and tissue cells might calcification relates enhancers and other regulatory elements. In particular, expression vectors comprising OSN regulatory region, host cells, and transgenic animals are provided.


"We deal in deception here. What we do not deal with is self-deception."--The Departed Helen Morris, today Mrs. Martin Scorsese, introduced me to Norman Mailer. Helen was my boss at "Little Random," the cutesy nickname of the publishing conglomerate's eponymous flagship (because our official moniker, "Random House Adult Trade Group," was unspeakable).Helen was also my editor at At Random, the general interest literary magazine published triannually during what we may as well identify as the book industry's last Golden Age--the Harold Evans years at Random House. For At Random, I interviewed Mailer prior to the publication of Oswald's Tale: An American Mystery. It would be the first of three formal (1) and of many more informal conversations between Mailer and me: my bona fides, in my own mind (and most crucially there), by which I account for my place in these pages of The Mailer Review, writing in midsummer 2012 of Mailer in the late '90s and of an industry today in total turmoil. Book publishing has had somany "last""Golden Ages" that to insist now, right now, "This time, that was it!"--is to insist on ridicule. And while what Burt Lancaster said is true-because you really should have seen the Atlantic Ocean in those days (2)--ridicule remains the generally appropriate response to pre-HALCION[R] halcyonics, to the soppy stirrings-still of what George Steiner identified in 1970 as "a dominant cliche of the contemporary mood"--the age-old (biblical, no less) belief in a "squandered utopia": "Our experience of the present, the judgments, so often negative, that we make of our place in history, play continually against what I want to call the 'myth of the nineteenth century' or the 'imagined garden of liberal culture'" (4-5). That quotation is courtesy of my ratty Yale University Press paperback edition of In Bluebeard's Castle, the book that came of Steiner's 1970-71 T.S. Eliot Memorial Lectures at Harvard. The printing is eight years younger than I but looks much older, if I do say myself. I had to fetch it out of the tight jam where I keep many a quaint and curious volume because "Page 5 is not part of this book preview," per books.google.com, which also advertises the fact of "No eBook available." (3) That's a problem in and of itself, separate from what it says about the industry of book publishing. In these pages of The Mailer Review, for whatever time and by whose authority they might remain attached to one another, I will explain why electronic publishing is unequal parts blessing and curse--and why the concerns of my own professional life as an editor matter in our consideration of Mailer's mattering. I self-apply Steiner's sobriety test at the outset and hope that I will continue to pass it as we proceed. Steiner generally advises, I think, that we at least try to be specific about why we are beating our breasts if we insist upon breast-beating. Fliers for missing pets trump signs of end times, especially among endtimers. In these pages I will limit my own sense of general woe to book publishing, if only to make more resonant a pip of sorrow for publishing's many bygone Golden Ages. And while we will always be denied "This is the worst," there's no denying that things are bad. Murk is all. "I miss that kind of clarity" says John Houseman's CIA Man, ten years post-Fugs, speaking of OSS and earlier in Three Days of the Condor, that most prescient (1975) major motion picture of the coming all-out Oil War. This essay, while not an attempt to disperse the murk (such being well beyond my abilities or ambition), is a gathering of memories of clarity, or at least of truer-than-false memories of clarity's perception at the time. It makes witness of the time when Norman Mailer mattered because Random House said Norman Mailer mattered. Of the time when Random House mattered because it said Norman Mailer mattered. Random House continues on in its established mode, of course--authors, which is to say Random House authors, matter. …


This paper discusses the analysis of a particular class of morphemes in the Oceanic language Aiwoo, and argues that the difficulties in accounting for them in traditional terms such as nominalisation, compounding, relative clauses, or classifiers is due to their status as bound lexical morphemes, also known as bound roots, an under-discussed category in linguistic literature. It proposes some parameters of variation within bound lexical morphemes as a class and shows that the Aiwoo facts can be best accounted for by reference to these parameters, both in terms of language-internal description and crosslinguistic comparability. It argues that understanding crosslinguistic morphological structure in terms of a dichotomy between "roots" and "affixes" underplays the existing variation in linguistic structure, and that a more detailed examination is necessary of forms which do not fit clearly into this dichotomy; the discussion of the Aiwoo data aims to provide a starting-point for such an examination.


(57) Abstract: A composite material this disclosure having a fiber web and airgel particles of at least one layer, said fibrous web comprises at least one bicomponent fiber material, the bicomponent fiber materials are low and high the low melting point region of a melting point region and said fibers of said web are the fiber material, a composite material that is bonded to also mutually well as airgel particles, their production and their use.


De-odorizing microbe F468 was used to reduce N nutrient losses and enhance the innocuous process of chicken manures. From its 1st to 80th subculture cycle, F468 showed stable ability to reduce NH3 emission from chicken manures. The total N nutrient losses were reduced by 79% by the addition of F468, compared with that without F468. Moreover, F468 could accelerate the innocent process of chicken manures by reducing Ascaris eggs and Fecal coliforms. Without adding F468, it took 25 days and 20 days for the dead rate of Ascaris eggs and the number of Fecal coliforms in chicken manure to reach the national standard of NY884-2004, respectively. While adding F468, it took 15 days and 10 days for the dead rate of Ascaris eggs and the number of Fecal coliforms to reach the national standard, respectively.


In this paper we present recent results of our studies on the development and tests of: 1) optoacoustic monitoring of cerebral blood oxygenation; 2) optical coherence tomography for accurate measurement of tissue optical properties; and 3) ultrasound-enhanced anti-cancer drug delivery. Major experimental results obtained in vitro and in vivo with the use of these techniques are reported and discussed.


A new iterative closest contour point algorithm based on continuous field with the unique analytic expression was presented.The model of searching the closest contour point is firstly built;then the BFGS method of quasi-newton was adopt to locate the closest contour point in confidence region.Finally,two simulation experiments with different conditions have been done to test the effect of the ICCP based on continuous field and the ICCP based on discrete field.From the simulation results,we can see that the new algorithm have been improved in the searching of the closest contour point compared to the normal ICCP and the matching precious of the new ICCP was improved significantly with this reason.


The magnetization profiles of the ring magnet in spindle motors have been investigated theoretically by a computer-aided simulation with two dimensional modeling processes of finite element analysis. Under the three topologies of magnetizing fixture, the current was varied below 15 kA. The double-sided fixture shows a minimum cogging torque near 8 kA. However, the single-sided fixture internal to the magnet shows a maximum torque constant near 8 kA. Experimental data are in good agreement with theoretical calculation. A high efficiency and low cogging torque spindle motor has been achieved by optimum design of the magnetizing fixture to magnetize the ring magnet in a spindle motor.


Since its reform and opening-up,China's economy has largely depended on FDI and made great achievements.Obviously,FDI has effected on the whole process of China's economic development.Researches have often been done on the factors that affect the increase of export,one of the important researches being on the relationship between foreign direct investment and trade export of the host country.This article offers a study of several important factors that influence China's export through an analysis of the FDI effect on export.Using statistics of the last 20 years,it constructs an analytical model of FDI and export,investigating into the FDI effects on China's export and the consequences.Moreover,some policy suggestions are raised.With the rapid development of FDI in China,foreign investment corporation's effect on the Chinese export is being strengthened.It can be studied in the following two ways:1.Direct Effect: Foreign corporations have grown to be a major force in China's export.Foreign investment corporations,especially export processing firms,have achieved a rapid increase in export volumes and a steady increase in proportion to the total national export.2.Indirect Effect:First,foreign investment corporations can develop oversees markets through adding new distribution channels.Secondly,China's trade relationship with other countries is becoming more intimate,which will improve the international trade environment.Thirdly,through FDI and competing with foreign investment corporations,domestic trade companies can accelerate their own reform and acquire more sense of crisis.To study the connection between FDI and export,this article sets up a regression model.We divide the article into two parts,one on the impact of FDI on export and the other on the mutual impact between FDI and export through the Granger test of causality.The result shows that the effect of FDI in China is a complementary effect rather than a substitution effect.At the mean time,FDI and the amount of export have a Granger cause and effect relationship,i.e.two factors affecting each other.The paper also raises some policy suggestions.1).The government should pay attention to international economy and trade disputations.2).Enterprises should improve their capability of innovation.(3).There should be an efficient adjustment of the preferential policy and abstract foreign investment.


This paper expatiates on the concepts of agricultural industry and non-agricultural industry and points out that there are natural rules for labor force allocation and the allocating structure of social labor force among different industries depend on the levels of productivity development;analyzes the two big mis- carriages in macro labor force allocation since the founding of New China and concludes that the significant differences in income allocation basically result from the differences in posts of employment.If miscarriages in labor force allocation are eliminated,posts of employment are adapted to the qualities of employees and the society can become harmonious.


The article discusses the phonetic research of intonation nucleus location in the English speech of the Mexicans learning English in the conditions of natural linguistic environment, and in the speech of the Russian learners who find themselves in the situation of artificial bilingualism.


We present the static, spherically symmetric solutions of the low energy $d = 4$ string. They form a simple generalisation of the Schwarzschild solution and describe the gravitational field of a spherical star in perturbative string theory. If the Robertson parameter $\gamma$ is different from one, these solutions describe singular objects with naked singularities at their horizons, and whose Hawking temperature is infinite. These objects might represent ``massive remnants'', the end states of black holes. Our analysis also implies that Brans-Dicke theory has a naked singularity. Invoking cosmic censorship conjecture will rule out Brans-Dicke theory.


Qualified healthcare is essential for improving recipients' well-being and performing efficient practices. Quality quantification improves patient care and education regarding higher-quality care. Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is used for cancer screening and is being increasingly studied as a qualified procedure. However, EGD cannot be sufficiently measured by any single factor. Despite this, quality metrics for EGD have not received much attention. Helicobacter pylori-naïve gastric cancer (HPNGC), rather than H. pylori-associated gastric cancer, has been increasingly detected in recent years. HPNGC was previously uncommon as it usually occurs in patients with hereditary gastric cancer or gastric adenocarcinoma of the fundic gland type. Since the incidence of H. pylori infection has been decreasing, even in areas where gastric cancer is prevalent, HPNGC occurrence should be considered during endoscopic evaluation. Ishibashi et al. surveyed the number of HPNGC cases detected annually and used a questionnaire to obtain data regarding HPNGC awareness, diagnostic proactiveness, and interest in HPNGC from 712 Japanese endoscopists. Higher HPNGC detection was independently associated with board certification and high awareness and interest scores. In particular, the endoscopists who attended conferences to collect information on HPNGC had a higher level of awareness. Therefore, this report concluded that awareness of the disease and education of endoscopists could improve the detection of HPNGC. This study also showed that the number of years of endoscopic experience was not directly associated with HPNGC detection, consistent with a previous study. This indicates the importance of education in improving EGD quality. Since HPNGC is not widely recognized, educational programs should be a prerequisite for high-quality EGD in patients after H. pylori eradication. The development of measurable components for EGD is crucial. The authors considered the associated factors, board certification, and high awareness and interest scores to be quality indicators for diagnosing HPNGC. However, these two indicators cannot be quantified. Without quantifying quality, there is no way to identify good clinical practice. Furthermore, there was no chance to learn how good clinical practice was provided, resulting in the quality not being upgraded. Therefore, additional quantifiable quality indicators must be developed. The authors discussed the role of the Endoscopy Society, a Japanese professional organization. Obtaining certification from this society is essential as the endoscopic specialist system operated by this society universally ensures the quality and This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.


Extrusion process is one of the most flexible and important operation for mass production of plastic product. In extrusion process, screw design is very important as it is largely affects the productivity and quality. The technical knowhow in these mills is based on experience of the employee thus processes are designed by trial and error without applying professional engineering design of the process. In this study focus was applied on analyzing and modeling the compression zone, which is considered to be the most important and complicated zone in the screw. An equation was derived so to determine the length of the compression zone that is suitable to produce polypropylene fibers Keywords— Extrusion process, compression zone, modeling, screw design, polypropylene fiber.


in commerce, contracting, and shipping). That ' industrial interests ' were slow in responding to the needs of emerging labour groups (p. 332) is not surprising, but it would seem that the interpenetration between these interests and landownership explains the much more remarkable fact that none of the Egyptian parties, including the Sa'adists, supported any kind of agrarian reform. The following details should be corrected. p. 69 : Muhammad 'All's gains in Syria were confirmed not by the Treaty of Hiinkar Iskelesi in July 1833 but by the Convention of Kiitahya in April 1833. p. 222 : zar is not' spiritualist seances ', but a ceremony performed by and for persons possessed by a shaykh or shaykhs. p. 241 : one and a half million peasants did not each own five feddans; they owned less than five feddans each. p. 244 : the position of Chief Qadi of Egypt (i.e., qadi of Cairo) was not held by Turks until 1914 when the office was abolished. In fact an Egyptian had been appointed as qadi of Cairo since 1876. p. 325: Muhammad Abdul Wahhab is a famous singer (see p. 108); the founder of the Wahhabiyya was Muhammad ibn 'Abd alWahhab. p. 332: it would have been useful had the author mentioned the source for his statement that in July 1952 the royal family was in possession of approximately 600,000 feddans. According to official Land Reform sources the holdings of the M. 'AH family amounted at that time to 175,000-180,000 feddans, and other official sources sometimes added another 30,000 feddans. This area included waqf ahli lands returned to their founders (for details see my A history of landownership in modern Egypt, London, 1962, 131 f.). Finally, there are in the book phrases which seem inexact or unintentionally misleading. The following are some of them. p. 44: it seems to be an oversimplification to state that it was Bonaparte who ' brought with him ' the ideas inspired by the French revolution which were to influence Egyptians for the next 150 years. The channels through which these ideas influenced Egyptians were foreign schools, foreign residents, educational missions to Europe, etc., rather than the French occupation of Egypt or even the ' Institute ' or the Cairo Council established during that time. p. 145 : it is not quite clear what is meant by the statement that the Ottoman Sultan continued ' his interference in the Egyptian crisis until the First World War '. After all, there was no firman or treaty by which he, Egypt's suzerain, was excluded from any' interference ' in Egyptian affairs more than other powers— to say the least. Also, we cannot really say that there was an ' Egyptian crisis' from 1879 to 1914. p. 157: the British military operation of 1882 left ' resentment in Egypt until 1956'. It is not clear what is considered to have superseded this resentment after 1956. ' The Khedive urged Orabi not to oppose England. Characteristically, the Colonel ordered general conscription and declared war on Britain.' What was ' characteristic ' about this ? p. 307 : since none of the recommendations made by the personal status committee concerning polygamy was included in the 1929 law, the statement that ' in 1927 . . . draft legislation further restricting polygamy was introduced ' is certainly misleading. Unfortunately the number of printing errors in the book is quite considerable. There are numerous errors in Arabic, Turkish, or German names, terms, and phrases—most of them obviously printing errors. Numbers of footnotes are incorrect on pp. 10, 13, 179, 337, and 455. Sa'id succeeded 'Abbas in 1854, not 1856 (p. 75); Taj al-'arus was first published, not prepared, in 1870 (its author died in 1790-1) (p. 93); the date of Allenby's Declaration is 28 (not 22) February 1922 (p. 263); and Abu Shad! was born in 1892 (he died in 1955) (p. 430). These remarks do not invalidate what we have said at the beginning of this review, namely that the author has rendered an extremely important service to the student of modern Middle Eastern history by writing this work which serves its aim very well and which should enjoy a great demand from universities as well as from the general public.


It is shown that the effect of fluid motion past a plane boundary on the reflection and absorption of sound is equivalent to an increase of the normal acoustic impedance of the boundary by a factor (1 + M sinφ), where φ is the angle of incidence of the sound wave, and M is the Mach number of the flow velocity component in the incidence reflection plane of the wave. Similarly, the acoustic energy flux perpendicular to the boundary and the flow is shown to be increased by the same factor. Reflection and transmission coefficients of a thin solid interface between a fluid in motion and one at rest are given. Furthermore, some comments on the problem of transmission in duets are given. For propagation between two plane parallel boundaries with the same acoustic admittance, we find, for sufficiently small values of the admittance, that the sound pressure attenuation constant of the fundamental mode is modified approximately by the factors (1 + M)−2 and (1 − M)−2 for downstream and upstream propagation, where M ...


Teaching level is that of positive influence of teaching activities to the educated people,and the greater positive influence is,the higher teaching level is. High-level education teaching of colleges and universities should be diversified and many-leveled.Only establishing in their own discipline characteristic and teaching conditions,exactly orientating of the cultivation target and standards,designing and developing teaching contents,methods and talents cultivation mode based on exact cultivation targets and standards,constructing education and teaching system and technical platform adapt to that,can different colleges and universities implement truly high-level education and teaching.


A previous experiment (Sutton, Abdalla, Phipps, Cammell and Humphries, 1995) showed that low digestibility is a major cause of the poor utilisation of urea-treated whole crop wheat (WCW) by lactating cows. The purpose of the present experiment was to examine energy balance in more detail by means of indirect calorimetry.Four multiparous Holstein-Friesian cows were offered diets based on spring wheat (cv Axona), harvested on 11 August at 603 g dry matter (DM)/kg and preserved with 20 or 40 g urea/kgDM (WCW-20, WCW-40), and first-cut perennial ryegrass silage (GS). For GS, WCW-20 and WCW-40 respectively, DM was 213, 801 and 712 g/kg; crude protein (CP) 124, 163 and 171 g/kg DM; ammonia-N 3.1, 4.6 and 7.6 g/kg DM; pH 3.9, 6.7 and 7.2. The cows were offered four diets in a 4 X 4 latin square with 4-week periods starting 10 weeks after calving. In week 4 of each period urine and faeces were collected for 6 days and gas exchange was measured for 3 days in respiration chambers.


Contemporary Indian fiction in English revives the novel genre through alternative writing techniques inspired from the Indian oral storytelling tradition. In Vikram Chandra's Red Earth and Pouring Rain digressive storytelling that reflects oral patterns merges with structural strategies derived from the logic of the Internet, hypertext and computer games. The author's creation of an online storytelling community that gives him email feedback on his writing mimics the tradition of oral storytelling in a way that responds to both Bakhtinian expectations of the novel form and the demands of hypertextual interactivity. The implied audience is drawn into the process of storytelling, so that the novel's polyphony emerges from the work of a whole community rather than of an individual author/narrator. Red Earth and Pouring Rain is a modern version of the Arabian Nights, with a frame-narrative filled in by well-told tales meant to earn the protagonist's survival. Throughout the novel the classical concerns of th...


* * * Hui LI* Mikiko ISHIKAWA* Yukiko KATAGIRI* This paper aims to clarify the historical transformation and spatial composition of Southern Canal Belt Park in Shenyang China. Southern Canal Belt Park is a historical heritage of open space. At the end of Qing Dynasty, a playground by the Wanquan River was built in the southeast of Shenyang City. The wetland around Wangquan River and other ponds were planned for parks and connected by parkway or the river in the Great Mukden Urban Planning in the 1930's. Though some streamlets were reclaimed, people trenched canal and made the waterway go through parks and gardens in 1952. Park system was formed, and because of its nice environment, culture-education area set up on the southern area of this park system.


his year's Iranian presidential election cycle will probably be remembered as a dull one. Early in the process, the Guardian Council disqualified (https://www.washingtoninstitute.org/policy-analysis/race-one-iranslashes-its-presidential-candidates-list) several high-profile figures from running in the June 18 vote, including former Majlis speaker Ali Larijani, Vice President Eshaq Jahangiri, and former president Mahmoud Ahmadinejad. The decision left judiciary chief Ebrahim Raisi as the most prominent candidate with no real competition, making for one of the most boring presidential races in Iran's history. Even the three public debates failed to create excitement among the citizenry.


In the nervous system, astrocytes express different ratios of the two glial glutamate transporters, glutamate transporter subtype 1 (GLT‐1) and glutamate/aspartate transporter (GLAST), but little is known about the signaling pathways that independently regulate their expression. Treatment with dibutyryl‐cAMP, epidermal growth factor (EGF) or other growth factors both induces expression of GLT‐1 and increases expression of GLAST in astrocyte cultures. The induction of GLT‐1 is correlated with morphological and biochemical changes that are consistent with astrocyte maturation. Pharmacological studies suggest that phosphatidylinositol 3‐kinase (PI‐3K) and the nuclear transcription factor‐κB (NF‐κB) may be involved in the induction of GLT‐1 expression. In several signaling systems Akt, also known as protein kinase B (PKB), functions downstream of PI‐3K. In these present studies we used lentiviral vectors engineered to express dominant‐negative (DN), constitutively active (CA), or null variants of Akt to study the possible involvement of Akt in the regulation of GLT‐1. Expression of DN‐Akt attenuated the EGF‐dependent induction of GLT‐1. Expression of CA‐Akt caused a dose‐ and time‐dependent increase in GLT‐1 protein, increased GLT‐1 mRNA levels, increased dihydrokainate‐sensitive (presumably GLT‐1 mediated) transport activity, and caused a change in astrocyte morphology to a more stellate shape, but had no effect on GLAST protein levels. Finally, the expression of CA‐Akt increased the expression of a reporter construct containing a putative promoter fragment from the human homolog of GLT‐1, called EAAT2. From these studies, we conclude that Akt induces the expression of GLT‐1 through increased transcription and that Akt can regulate GLT‐1 expression without increasing GLAST expression in astrocytes.


The emergence of IP telephony as a lower-priced alternative to fixed-line telephony has created a new market in the telecommunications industry. This paper presents a study of vendors' views on the key value elements of IP telephony affecting the diffusion process. The major national IP telephony vendors of a technologically advanced market – Denmark – are interviewed. The results indicate that IP telephony vendors acknowledge the importance of price, and underline physical and information investments as the main challenges. However, the vendors have shifted their attention to the development of value added services such as video telephony for business users.


The authors describe a fast security-analysis technique for voltage security assessment in an energy-management system. The proposed method identifies the location of buses with potential voltage problems and thereby defines a voltage-sensitive subnetwork for contingency screening. This allows the evaluation of a large number of contingencies. The efficiency of this method is derived from the use of a voltage subnetwork to drastically reduce the number of bus voltages to be solved; and subsequently from the use of compensation techniques and sparse-vector methods (including adaptive reduction) for screening and final solution of contingencies. Results demonstrating the effectiveness of the method on a small and a large power system are presented. >


Since the local autonomy system was adopted, Korea has maintained a two-tier system and a mayoral-council governmental structure regardless of the types and locations of localities. With this basic organizational contour, not a little changes have occurred in local organizations and we can distinguish significant organizational patterns across successive regimes. In this regard, after dividing the period of regimes (1948-present) into three periods-Period !(The 1-2nd Republics), Period Ⅱ(The 3-5 Republics), and Period Ⅲ(After The 6th Republic), this paper overviewed and analyzed major changes in organizational patterns and structures of local governments. In addition, it proposed several alternatives to improve the organizations of local governments in Korea in terms of the basic organizational structure, tier system, council development, the recruitment of local officials and so on.


This paper studies how two types of market-generated information, namely, online reviews and past sales volume information, jointly affect consumer purchase decisions as well as firms' pricing strategies. We build a two-period duopoly model in a market with herding consumers who have different preferences and are unsure of the quality difference between products. In addition, a firm's sales volume is uncertain because of the existence of "irregular" consumers. We find that the impacts of online reviews and sales volume information on firms' profits are mutually enhancing. The impact of such market-generated information depends on both product characteristics the level of consumers' misfit for the nonpreferred product and how consumers a priori perceive the quality difference between the products. Contrary to the conventional wisdom that more/accurate information is beneficial to high-quality firms, as well as consumers, we find that such information can be detrimental to firms, as firms adjust prices to induce, or react to, favorable market-generated information. Accordingly, consumers may not benefit from such market-generated information if the gain from less uncertainty cannot offset the loss from higher product prices. Such findings offer guidelines for firms to design better pricing strategies, as well as information policies, such as whether or not to promote more informative reviews.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.2017.0715 .


The early beam commissioning of the KEK digital accelerator, which consists of novel accelerator components such as a permanent magnet x-band ECRIS, an Einzel lens longitudinal chopper, an electrostatic injection kicker, and induction acceleration devices, is reported here. Performance of the Einzel lens longitudinal chopper is described. Results of beam commissioning, such as the beam orbit correction, barrier bucket bunch capture, and induction acceleration are described.


Background and Objective: Esophageal cancer especially squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is one of the most common gastro intestinal malignancies in north part of Iran (Khorasan). The standard treatment for esophageal cancer is surgical resection, but its outcome remains poor. Then, the oncologists try to treat this cancer with sandwich protocols especially neo-adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Several studies have reported that over expression of Cyclin D1 is a negative prognostic factor and is correlated with poor response to chemo-radiotherapy and decrease of survival. For this reason we evaluated Cyclin D1 expression in patients with esophageal SCC and its effect on response rate to neo- adjuvant chemo-radiotherapy in north-east Iran. Materials and Methods: We analyzed Cyclin D1 expression by immunohistochemistry in 37 endoscopic biopsies of esophageal SCC from April 2004 to March 2005 in Mashhad University of Medical Science, Iran and compared it with clinical and pathologic response rate to neo adjuvant chemo radiotherapy. Results: Cyclin D1 over expression was detected in 24 patients (64.9%). Nine patients with Cyclin D1 over expression had pathologic complete response (37.5%) as compared with 9 patients with negative cyclin D1 expression (69.2%) (P=0.09). Conclusion: Cyclin D1 is a useful tumor marker to select patients may not be suitable for neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy and it is better to refer them for surgery or definitive radiotherapy.


Introduction: Health systems currently present a great degree of complexity, which provides risks to patients related to healthcare, and the possibility of incidents with or without harm. Patient safety culture highlights the need to investigate, analyze, and mitigate incidents to reduce risks to the patient. Medication errors have a high potential to do harm in pediatric hospital routines and most of them are preventable. The objective of this study was to describe a severe drug-related adverse event and present the root cause analysis and implemented improvements.

Methods: A 3-month-old patient undergoing therapeutic cardiac catheterization at another hospital presented with cardiorespiratory arrest in post-procedure progression after returning to the hospital of origin; this was a case of adverse events with medication use in pediatrics. Root cause analysis was performed using the London Protocol. Brainstorming was conducted to study the main improvements to be proposed to the institution.

Results: Improvements were identified and implemented in various processes, such as patient transport, drug dispensing, and administration. Root cause analysis made it possible to select the processes and departments involved and detect possible factors related to the adverse event. These changes were monitored, and after five years the indicators show that they have become consolidated.

Conclusions: The explanation of this event shows how a hospital service can review workflows and processes and implement improvements to reduce risks and prevent further damage through the analysis of an adverse event.


The end of last century witnessed the booming of bioinformatics. Bioinformatics is now becoming one of the most active research fields. One of the major problems facing bioinformatians is how to align two or more biological sequences. The question of multiple sequence alignment has been studied for a long time, may algorithms have been proposed. One solution is to reduce the multiple sequence alignment to the problem of aligning two alignments. Whether the latter question is NP-complete or not is an open problem. In this thesis, we will prove that it is NP-complete, thus this open problem is solved. In addition, we will propose a fast approximation algorithm to solve the problem of aligning two alignments question.
Aligning two RNA sequences could reveal the relatedness of them. However, during long time of revolution, the RNA sequences may have changed greatly, yet their structures may preserve the same shape. Thus aligning two RNA structures may exhibit more accurate relationship. Traditionally, an RNA secondary structure is modeled as a tree which is not suitable to align multiple RNA structures. In this thesis, we will propose a new model to align RNA structures which can also be applied to align RNA tertiary structures. We will also propose a series of algorithms to align pairwise RNA structures and multiple RNA structures which are based upon the new model.


In this survey period, October 1 , 200 1 , through September 30, 2002, the state appellate and federal courts tackled a number of discrete issues regarding property law. This Article examines those cases which clarified an existing rule or applied the principles ofthe common or statutory law to a new situation. The first four sections of this Article correspond with four thematic divisions of property law: (1) relationships between private parties; (2) the creation and enforcement of property interests; (3) land use law; and (4) developments in the common law ofproperty. These sections abstract and analyze a handful ofcases which either depart from or clarify existing property law in a significant way. The fifth section describes two significant revisions to the Indiana Code made in the 2002 session ofthe Indiana General Assembly: the recodification of Title 32 and the Landlord/Tenant Act of 2002. The sixth and final section contains brief summaries of a number of other cases handed down during the survey period which may be of interest to practitioners.


Renal artery disease is one of the significant factors that lead to compromise renal function and/or aggravate hypertension in the elderly population. Since the non-surgical treatment of renal artery stenosis,percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty, is available, it is possible to cure the decreased renal function and exacerbated hypertension. However, bilateral renal artery occlusion (BRAO) that brings about anuria and azotemia is rare. In this communication, we`d like to describe a patient who developed acute renal failure due to BRAO. His renal function was completely recovered after successful implantation of stents into both renal arteries. We are unaware of prior reports documenting the beneficial effect of a distal embolic protection device, the Percu-Surge GuardWire system (Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA), in a clinical setting as described here. The GuardWire arm, a device for transient distal balloon occlusion during angioplasty or stent placement, allows recovery of any liberated plaque by aspiration before restoration of antegrade flow, and thereby performs a double service. We`d like to strongly recommend that stent implantation with adjunctive distal protection is essential to obtain a complete restoration of distal blood flow although there is sufficient collateral blood flow in elderly patients with BRAO and azotemia.


A harmless treatment process for the removal of heavy metals was studied in a fluidized bed reactor by inducing crystallization of heavy metals on the surface of silica sand. The removal efficiency of Cu2+, Ni2+ and Zn2+ all achieved about 99.99% in different concentration ranges. Further harmless treatment of the nucleated precipitation by acid hydrolysis or cement solidification was studied. The metal ion leaching was extremely low thus the heavy metal wastewater could be treated by this method without secondary pollution. So this method has a bright prospect in the industrial application.


The Explants that was used in the experiment to stimulate the production of glycoside compounds is the tips of the vegetative branches with a length of 2 cm obtained from the stage of vegetative multiplication growing from seeds treated with gamma radiation with a dose of (0, 30) gray, the tips of the branches were planted on MS nutrient medium prepared with different concentrations Of NaCl (3,0, 6, 9, 12) g.l-1 to know the effect of irradiation, sucrose and maltose in stimulating the production of cardiac glycoside compounds, chlorophyll and carbohydrates, the data showed that the concentration of 12 g.l-1 was better in increasing the active compounds: Digoxin, Digitoxin, and Gitoxin (129.46, 171.70, 145.59) μg.g-1 dry weight, respectively, while the neutral treatment was superior in increasing the rate of chlorophyll, which amounted to 2.10 µg.g-1, while the concentration of 3 g.l-1 gave the highest rate of carbohydrates amounting to 2.94 µg.g-1, and the irradiation treatment was significantly superior in The increase in the production of glycoside compounds reached (127.95, 193.95, 161.31) µg.g-1 dry weight, respectively, and the rate of chlorophyll and carbohydrates reached (2.38 and 3.11) µg.g-1, respectively.


Crisis counselling and intervention life transitions sudden death distorted body image attempted suicide victims of violence disasters hostility, aggression and violence the crisis of burnout a concluding philosophy for people in crisis.


This panel explores internet histories through the lens of "platform
 death" as a way of understanding how digital communities grapple with technological failure,
 power dynamics, and the divergent notions of the digital afterlife. Collectively, the
 contributions address the cultural, geopolitical, economic, and socio-legal repercussions of
 what happens when various platforms fail, decline, or expire. We bring together five
 presentations that draw on different methods—including document analysis, semi-structured
 interviews, participant observation—to explore the frailty of platforms, their underlying
 infrastructures, and their trace data. Together, by examining and theoretically situating
 the histories of five different platforms (TroopTube, Fanfou, MySpace, YikYak, and
 Couchsurfing), we consider and complicate how the concept of "platform death" as a metaphor
 can help reveal the Web's rhythmic temporality, digital media's constant reinvention of
 forms, and the collision of hegemonic and fragile infrastructures in divergent cultural
 contexts. We ask: What are the theoretical implications of situating platforms as killable,
 ephemeral, precarious, or transient technologies? What—and who—kills platforms, and in what
 ways can they have uncertain digital afterlives and even resurrections? What can
 conceptualizations of dead and dying technologies tell us about the Internet's growth and
 stagnation, its present and futures? What is (un)knowable about platforms that once were,
 and how can this knowledge inform our predictions of future technological failure? We aim to
 build community, collective imaginings, and future collaborations around a research agenda
 that centers mnemonic experimentation, comparative platform studies, and archival
 contestations.


This study addresses the experimental and theoretical investigations of piezomagnetic acoustic waves propagating along the surface of a piezoelectric substrate on which a magnetostrictive thin film is deposited. The main objective of this work is to design high sensitivity surface acoustic wave resonator for the development of a magnetic sensor.


By selecting 6 counties in Hebei province as samples,and calculating 35 years(1973—2007) meteorological data of each county,the climatic conditions related to irrigation decision-making and alternative irrigating strategies prior to the wheat over-wintering period were analyzed.The results indicated that precipitation in 1/3 years satisfied the needs for sowing and seed sprouting,and it should be the first choice to take the chance of high soil water content and sowing seeds in these years.Farmland should be irrigated fully before sowing seeds in other years,unless the farming season was intense,sowing against time was necessary.If it was the latter,irrigation must be done immediately after sowing.Because of the winter climate warming,it was more important for irrigating before wheat overwinter to guarantee soil water content in the period from overwintering to jointing than avoid freezing of wheat.The first time to fertilize and irrigate in spring should be postponed to the jointing stage through reasonable irrigation before winter.


This article focuses on the use of perfusion magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and in particular dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI (DSC-MRI), to assess haemodynamics in meningiomas. We first introduce the basic principles of DSC-MRI and the most popular imaging techniques and perfusion parameters for data analysis of DSC-MRI. We then review the blood supply characteristics of meningiomas and how perfusion MRI is applied in meningiomas to help the subtyping of different meningiomas and to differentiate between benign and malignant meningiomas. Our first-hand experiences are also included. We conclude that DSC perfusion MRI can provide critical information on the vascularity of meningiomas that is not available with conventional MRI. DSC perfusion MRI measurements are helpful in the pre-operative subtyping and grading of meningiomas.


The Yueguifeng Formation as a main source rock in the Lishui-Jiaojiang sag is formed in the early Paleocene.Based on features of amplitude,continuity and internal structure of seismic reflection wave as well as its external shape,six seismic facies types for the Yueguifeng Formation in Lishui-Jiaojiang sag are identified as follows:Medium-high frequency weak amplitude high continuity subparallel or parallel sheet facies,weak frequency high amplitude medium continuity subparallel sheet facies,variable amplitude medium-high continuity progradation facies,medium amplitude weak-medium continuity wedge facies,medium-high amplitude disorderly facies,and weak-medium amplitude medium continuity filling facies.According to areal distribution,drilling and regional structural background,seismic facies is transferred into sedimentary facies by seismic interpretation.The results show that the Yueguifeng Formation was deposited in the rift lacustrine environment,associated with fan delta,subsea apron,delta and lacustrine faicies.In combination with core sample measurement,we consider that the lacustrine mudstone of Yueguifeng Formation is good and general quality source rock,mainly distributed in the central area of Lishui east subprime sag,north-central of Lishui east subprime sag and Jiaojiang sag,with thickness more than 1 000m and area about 4 974.8km2.We identity some favorable areas in the uplift and slope structural belt nearby the source rock center as the important target regions in the further.Some beneficial advices are proposed for further exploration.


The group velocities in coplanar strip transmission lines on Si and Si/SiO2/Si substrates were compared experimentally and theoretically. To ensure the experimental accuracy, a differential electro‐optic sampling system with a delay‐time resolution of 30 fs and a spatial resolution of 1 μm has been developed. Compared with the group velocity on a Si substrate, the group velocity on a Si/SiO2/Si substrate with a 2.2 μm SiO2 layer was found to be 10% faster, which agrees well with the theoretical prediction.


Two high-resolution 2-D seismic surveys were carried out over palaeochannels near West Wyalong NSW using an IVITM mini-vibrator. The first aim of these seismic surveys was to map in detail the profile of the palaeochannels. The second aim was to establish the regolith stratigraphy within the channels and evaluate the techniques used for acquiring and processing such data. Short receiver spacings down to one metre were used in order to achieve satisfactory resolution of the anticipated shallow targets. The short length of the split spread meant that extra effort was required to eliminate noise close to the source. Paradigm Inc. DISCOTM/Focus software allowed interactive tests of processing parameters. A combination of bandpass filtering spectral equalisation mutes and f-k filtering proved effective in suppressing noise and enhancing reflections on the shot records. Refraction statics have been calculated from the first arrivals for all the shots for both lines to reveal the shape of the uppermost layers. Examples of processing tests as well as the interpreted seismic sections are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of high-resolution seismic techniques in imaging regolith stratigraphy and buried palaeochannels. Preliminary results when tied to borehole data indicate possible palaeo-erosion surfaces and maghemite gravel-filled palaeochannels to 10 m depth. Saprolite and bedrock interfaces are apparent indicating palaeotopography with relief exceeding 100 m.


Objective: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and/or nocturnal hypoxemia is prevalent in patients with pulmonary hypertension (PH). However, the pathophysiological determinants of adverse outcomes remain ambiguous. We aimed to investigate the prognostic significance of various sleep parameters for long-term prognosis in patients with pre-capillary PH. Design and method: Consecutive patients diagnosed with precapillary pulmonary hypertension (PH) by right heart catheterization who underwent overnight cardiorespiratory polygraphy for the assessment of OSA were enrolled. Time-to-event analysis was performed investigating cardiorespiratory indices (apnea-hypopnea index [AHI] and percentage total recording time <90% [T90]) and clinical worsening using the log-rank test and multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for multiple confounders. Results: Of 440 eligible Chinese patients with PH, 134 (30.5%) had OSA and 147 (33.4%) had nocturnal hypoxemia (T90 greater than 10%). Over a median follow-up of 12.1 months, 72 (16.4%) patients experienced clinical worsening. AHI did not predict a higher risk of incident CW (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.98, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.932-1.001, P = 0.225), whereas T90 was associated with an increased risk of CW (HR: 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, P = 0.018). The likelihood of CW increased by 8% per 10-unit increase in T90 (HR: 1.08, 95% CI 1.020-1.14, P = 0.018). Patients with nocturnal hypoxemia carried an HR of 1.89 for CW events (HR: 1.89, 95% CI 1.19-3.00, P = 0.007) and these associations persisted after covariates adjustments. Clinical worsening-free survival probability over two-year follow-up periods for patients with nocturnal normoxemia and hypoxemia were 87% and 76.9%, respectively (Log-rank P = 0.006), while the trend towards a non-statistical significance of patients with and without OSA. The association of nocturnal hypoxemia reflected by T90 and CW remained robust across different subgroups and did not potentially interact with potential effect modifiers including age, gender, BMI, and pulmonary hemodynamic parameters (P for interaction >0.05). Conclusions: In patients with precapillary PH, nocturnal hypoxemia defined by T90 was a robust risk predictor of long-term clinical worsening. Investigation of nocturnal hypoxemic burden in PH may aid in the early risk-stratification in patients with precapillary PH.


In allusion to the problems that the convergence rate of genetic alg orithm is slow, this paper proposes the method of different location mutation t o improve convergence rate. The simulation results have demonstrated that the d if ferent location mutation is more efficiency to improve convergence rate than the standard mutation of genetic algorithm.


Invariance under local unitary operations is a fundamental property that must be obeyed by every proper measure of quantum entanglement. However, this is not the only aspect of entanglement theory where local unitary operations play a relevant role. In the present work we show that the application of suitable local unitary operations defines a family of bipartite entanglement monotones, collectively referred to as ''mirror entanglement.'' They are constructed by first considering the (squared) Hilbert-Schmidt distance of the state from the set of states obtained by applying to it a given local unitary operator. To the action of each different local unitary operator there corresponds a different distance. We then minimize these distances over the sets of local unitary operations with different spectra, obtaining an entire family of different entanglement monotones. We show that these mirror-entanglement monotones are organized in a hierarchical structure, and we establish the conditions that need to be imposed on the spectrum of a local unitary operator for the associated mirror entanglement to be faithful, i.e., to vanish in and only in separable pure states. We analyze in detail the properties of one particularly relevant member of the family, the ''stellar mirror entanglement'' associated with the tracelessmore » local unitary operations with nondegenerate spectra and equispaced eigenvalues in the complex plane. This particular measure generalizes the original analysis of S. M. Giampaolo and F. Illuminati [Phys. Rev. A 76, 042301 (2007)], valid for qubits and qutrits. We prove that the stellar entanglement is a faithful bipartite entanglement monotone in any dimension and that it is bounded from below by a function proportional to the linear entropy and from above by the linear entropy itself, coinciding with it in two- and three-dimensional spaces.« less


ABSTRACT Hydrocarbon productive sands in the Gulf Coast area exhibit wide variances in formation water saturation (Sw). Values ranging from 10 to 70 percent pore space are common. These variances are related to the capillary properties of the sand, height above the water level, fluid interfacial tensions, and density difference of the entrained fluids. This formation water may, or may not flow in appreciable quantities, depending on the water retentive characteristics of the rock, the formation relative permeability and fluid viscosities. The combined influence of these variables results in a critical upper limit for formation water saturation, above which a significant percentage of water will be produced. This limiting water saturation exceeds the irreducible saturation value and has been called the critical interstitial water (Sciw). It can be correlated with the basic rock properties of permeability and porosity. Presented herein is a generalized correlation of critical interstitial water saturations for Gulf Coast sands. This correlation allows a critical saturation to be estimated from permeability and porosity data given in a routine core analysis report. Higher critical water saturations are found as porosity increases in samples of constant permeability. Higher values are also noted as permeability decreases in samples of constant porosity. The critical interstitial water saturation also influences the interpretation of the quick-look computer calculated apparent water resistivity (Rwa) curve used to predict hydrocarbon productive zones. The Rwa/Rw multiple of three which is commonly used to indicate hydrocarbon production corresponds to a water saturation of 58 percent of pore space. Low permeability zones may yield hydrocarbons with a Rwa multiple of two, which corresponds to a water saturation of 70 percent. High permeability sands may require multiples of six or more to be hydrocarbon productive. The required multiple for a sample of any given permeability and porosity can be estimated from the generalized correlation of critical water values presented.


In order to find a more effective method of solving the problem of subjectivity and difficulty to deal with the high-dimension data in the clustering, a new method—an improved PP (Projection Pursuit) based on Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO) was introduced. The ant colony optimization algorithm has the strong global optimization ability and the PP method is a powerful technique for extracting statistically significant features from high-dimension data for automatic target detection and classification. The ant colony optimization algorithm was employed to optimize the function of the projected indexes in the PP. Application results show that the method can complete the selection more objectivity and rationality with objective weight, high resolving power, and stable result.


Background:  Surgical trainees' operating theatre (OT) experiences significantly influence their ability to attain key professional competencies. A measure of trainees' satisfaction with this learning environment would allow recognition of characteristics of highly successful teaching venues and threats to trainee development. Our study aimed to validate the Surgical Theatre Educational Environment Measure (STEEM) and use it to explore Australasian surgical trainees' satisfaction with OT learning.


The paper discusses the development of web-based courses from the perspective of individualized learning. It starts with an explanation of the connotations of web-based courses using individualized learning methods. The paper then explores the perspectives of course content,learning activity and web-based learning environment that are associated with web-based individualized learning. It then recommends some principles,models and strategies that may help developers of web-based courses using the individualized learning methods.