Biomass is increasingly being used as a fuel for power generation. Torrefaction has helped improve some of the drawbacks associated with the use of raw biomass by making it easier to grind, increasing energy density and reducing transport costs. However, data relevant to the safe handling against the fire and explosion risks associated with the use of biomass is scarce, and in the case of torrefied biomass non-existent (in the open literature). In this work, the effect of torrefaction severity over the explosibility and reactivity of 5 samples of torrefied wood biomass was investigated. All samples were milled using the same procedure to nominally below 63μm.The Leeds modified Hartmann apparatus was used to measure the minimum explosible concentrations (MEC) as well as the rates of pressure rise and flame speeds inside the vessel over a range of concentrations for each of the samples. The results showed a small reduction in reactivity with increasing torrefaction severity and this was attributed to the reduction of volatile content whilst it is thought an increase in the fraction of fines (due to the increase in brittleness) for the more torrefied samples, moderated the effect of volatile content reduction on the reactivity by providing finer particles, easier to burn. The MEC was found to be around 0.2 equivalence ratio (similar to raw biomass), which is less than half that reported for coal.


The paper presents the results of a study of diffusion combustion of gasoline in the presence of external pressure pulsations with small amplitude. It is found that external pressure pulsations lead to characteristic changes in the temperature field, which are expressed by an increase in the amplitude of the temperature pulsation for certain modes of pressure pulsations. Analysis of the spectra of temperature changes in the entire recorded area showed an uneven distribution of frequency maxima.


Indonesian National Armed Forces, the Air Force, as a means of national defense , had the task of upholding the sovereignty of the unitary state of the Republic of Indonesia and the territorial integrity of country, especially in the context of upholding state sovereignty in the air, and supporting the enforcement of state sovereignty on land and at sea. In order to realize this, the Indonesian Air Force through one of its functions in its territorial development is through fostering the potential of aerospace, through the empowerment of defense areas. The development of aerospace potential is carried out as an effort to realize the creation of regional security around the base. This research method is a qualitative method with observation techniques, documentation studies and interviews. The results of the study showed that there are still a level of vulnerability of security in around Atang Senjaya Air Force Base area which is the concentration of local security forces, office complexes, personnel and facilities and infrastructure that require a fairly high level of supervision. The existence of military installations, whether complex or office buildings, is still quite open and easily accessible to parties with certain interests. It is very important to establish a condition of the expected defense area through the synergy of all territorial apparatus in optimally carrying out the development of aerospace potential in the community, through the role of Binpotdirga personnel, in providing guidance, conducting effective communication, and participation from local government.Keywords: Air base, empowerment, regional defense , universal defense system, Atang Sendjaja


Various methods are proposed to reduce the dimensions of hyperspectral image (HSI) by band selection in recent years. Most methods select one band from each group to construct a band subset. However, the redundancy in the selected bands from different groups is neglected. Furthermore, the researchers do not pay enough attention to how many bands are appropriated for selection. To solve these issues, we propose a hyperspectral band selection method via difference between intergroups (DIG), which includes grouping strategy and ranking strategy. Specifically, the grouping strategy adopts intragroup similarity to reasonably distribute all partitioning point positions. The similarity of bands within the same group is significantly improved. For the ranking strategy, it not only takes into account the knowledge and intragroup similarity of bands, but also evaluates the differences between each band and other intergroup bands. The redundancy in band subset is reduced sufficiently. To accurately obtain the optimal number of bands, an evaluation function is designed to measure the information content and redundancy in various band subsets. Experimental results from different aspects show that the proposed model has a large performance advantage on three public datasets.


There are computer programs that use the same flow of control when run on different inputs. This redundancy in their program execution traces can be exploited by preserving suitably abstracted callgraphs for subsequent reuse. We introduce a new programming transformation Call-Graph Caching (CGC) which partially evaluates the control flow of sets of such programs into a network formed from their call-graphs. CGC can automatically generate efficient state-saving structure-sharing incremental algorithms from simple program specifications. As an example, we show how a straightforward, inefficient LISP program for conjunctive match is automatically transformed into the RETE network algorithm. Simple and understandable changes to elegant functional (and other) programs are automatically translated by CGC into new efficient incremental network algorithms; this abstraction mechanism is shown for a class of conjunctive matching algorithms. We establish criteria for the appropriate application of CGC to other Al methods, such as chart parsing, consistency maintenance, and analogical reasoning. Detailed pedagogical examples are also presented. publication was supported in part by grant R29 LM 04707 from the National Library of Medicine. Table of


The sequence of random probability measures ν n that gives a path of length n , times the sum of the random weights collected along the paths, is shown to satisfy a large deviations principle with good rate function the Legendre transform of the free energy of the associated directed polymer in a random environment. Consequences on the asymptotics of the typical number of paths whose collected weight is above a fixed proportion are then drawn.


The present invention provides a fluid processor which can directly process the extraction of blood from the patient, the permeability of the blood cells is good, and also provides a fine particle generation, the risk of the outlet having a very small features, safe and practical fluid processor. And the ratio of the settling volume for the filling fluid processing particles to the volume of the space to charge the particles for the body fluid treatment up to 100%, and a space for the body fluid treatment particles and the charge amount for charging the particles for fluid processing in the fluid processor by a processor capable of fluids directly hemoperfusion filled 95% and 100%. Blood perfusion, fluid handlers, sedimentation volume


need for the subjective interpretation of meaning, the relationship between the life-world and scientific constructs of it, and the role of rationality in human action. The following presentation will focus on the issue of the subjective interpretation of meaning and the relationship between science and the life-world in order to arrive at some assessment of Parsons' role in the continuing history of social theory. The discussion begins with Parsons' distinctive approach and views on social action, an approach which eventually led to the debate between him and Schutz about the distinction between the subjective and objective points of view. Reviewing the debate leads to a brief analysis and assessment of the corresponding methodological stances each man advocates. The second and shorter section of the paper takes up the related topic of the relationship between social science and its subject matter, the commonsense world. Here again Parsons' view should be of interest to those of a phenomenological persuasion. I will conclude by pointing to the fundamental reason for the differences between Schutz and Parsons and by enumerating what seems to be Parsons' most important contributions to social theory.


Source Identification is the forensic problem of source device detection of digital images/videos/audio. In this paper, we deal with the problem of Source Camera Identification (SCI) of digital images. The existing forensic techniques of image source identification fail in source identification of images taken from Social Networking platforms, mainly due to the inherent compression characteristics induced in to those images. In this work, deep neural network based architecture is proposed to identify the source of Facebook and whatsApp images. We used InceptionV3 model, which is a 48-layers deep. It surpasses the state-of-the-art performance in terms of online source networks (OSN) image source identification accuracy. We considered smart phone devices in this work for our experiments, and present our results on the recently published VISION dataset.


Objective To investigate epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)expression and tumor residual to the prognostic value in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer(NPC).Methods 200 patients with NPC were examined for EGFR expression by immunohistochemistry analysis,neck cancer and nasopharyngeal residual.Results In 200 cases with NPC,expression of EGFR of positive and negative were 160 cases(80.0%) and 40 cases (20.0%);the rate of overall survival(OS),disease-free survival (DFS),loeoregional relapse-free survival (LRFS) and distant metastasis-free survival(DMFS)in patients with positive EGFR were 72.3%,63.6%,72.2%,63.8% and negative EGFR were 90.0%,90.0%,90.0%,90.0%,respectively in 3-year(X2=3.95,X2=4.12,X2=3.98,X2=4.15,P<0.05),the rate of local recurrence,distant metastasis rate in residual were 26.6%,32.5% which is significantly higher than 8.1%,18.1% in without residual(X2=4.75,X2=4.94,P<0.05);the hish expression of EGFR with DFS,OS were significantly correlated(r=6.457,P<0.05).Conclusion The overexpress of EGFR had the tendency of poor prognosis.tumor residual after radiotherpy can be a prognostic indicator for patients with NPC.

Key words:
Nasopharyngeal; Radiotherapy; Chemotherapy; Epidermal growth factor receptor; Prognosis


Wind tunnel tests were performed on a model of a typical section of a slender steel footbridge. The results showed that wind excited oscillations of the bridge could be expected to occur. Tests were done on the full scale bridge to establish its dynamic properties. Tuned vibration dampers were designed, tested and installed in the bridge, whereafter its dynamic properties were again measured. The dynamic absorbers increased the damping of the bridge about fivefold. /AUTHOR/


This paper presents a multi-vehicle platform and framework for robotics education and research. The system is designed as an educational tool for introducing children to engineering and robotics and is composed of hardware and software components that allow users to easily design and implement sophisticated robotic behaviors. We formally introduce the robotic game Marco Polo as a problem that mimics the pursuit-evasion game often played by children in swimming pools. Specifically, we address the question of finding a pursuit strategy under the condition of intermittent communication. Finally, we present an implementation of the Marco Polo game


When untreated wood is exposed to adverse outdoor conditions, nature has a series of chemistries to degrade it to its original building blocks of carbon dioxide and wa ter. Fungi, termites, heat, moisture, ultraviolet (UV) en ergy, and chemicals take their toll on the performance properties of wood. We tend to study each of these degra dation chemistries as individual events but, in fact, they are all connected by five basic chemistries: hydrolysis, oxidation, dehydration, reduction, and free radical cleav age. If we look more broadly at the commonalities in volved in these chemistries, we can take a more holistic approach to the protection of wood through chemical modification. For example, simple acetylation of wood results in a lowering of the equilibrium moisture content and increases dimensional stability. The mechanism is simple bulking of the cell wall to near its elastic limit and substituting a less hydrophilic group on the hydroxyl groups in the cell wall polymers. This same chemistry in creases biological resistance. The resistance to biological attack is probably due to lowering the moisture content of the cell wall below that needed for biological activity and may be, in part, due to a change in conformation and configuration of the substrate. If the bonded chemical contained a halogen, for example, the reacted wood would not only have the improved properties listed above but would also increase resistance to thermal degrada tion. If the bonded chemical contained a free radical scavenger, resistance to UV radiation could be improved. All of these improvements in performance can be achieved using one chemical reaction system interfering


The warehouse processes are critical to the success of every organization. Thus, a well-managed warehousing process increases an organization's efficiency.�The objective of this thesis is to improve�warehouse processes in garment manufacturing using Lean Six Sigma and RFID Technology to reduce waste time and non value-added activities of the current processes. Lean Six Sigma is business process improvement technique that�combines the tools and principles of Lean and Six Sigma.�The DMAIC methodology was employed in this research, which stands for Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, and Control. Additionally, Model analysis,�Value Stream Mapping (VSM), SIPOC charts, and Cause and Effect diagrams are the tools that utilized in warehouse processes to identify and analyze issues.�Also, this research replicates warehouse processes by simulating warehouse modeling and cycle time using the Flexsim software. The simulation findings reveal�that the new�process reduce�cycle time by 91.5 percent and reduce lead time by 13 percent.


Regarding the effects of smoking on fracture healing and post-operative infection after long-bone fracture surgery, there is little reported analysis. Our study aimed to report the smoking effect on percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection for nonunion patients. Twenty patients, 10 smokers and 10 nonsmokers, were referred to us with a nonunion of the tibia and femur after number of previous interventions on bone to procure healing at the time of fracture. A total of 40–80 mL of bone marrow aspirated from the anterior iliac crest and injected in and around the nonunion site under fluoroscopic guidance. The overall success rate obtained from the operation was 70.0% (14/20), but there was a significant difference between the success rates of smokers and non-smokers [50.0% (5/10) vs 90.0% (9/10)]. Generally, smoking was associated with increased nonunion for all fractures. Additionally, smokers trended towards longer mean healing times. [Taher Abd ElsattarAid, Adel Ibrahim Alseedy, Ahmed F. Shams, Ahmed Abd Elfattah Khalil. Investigation of smoking effects on percutaneous autologous bone marrow injection for nonunion patients. J Am Sci 2014;10(3):124-128]. (ISSN: 1545-1003). http://www.jofamericanscience.org. 16


Blended learning, where  traditional classroom techniques are combined with optimized on-line delivery methodology, is being increasingly utilized in the college environment.  Benefits from employing blended learning techniques include increases in both achievement and retention of knowledge. Although certain challenges exist, mainly in the forms of encouraging communication and instructor resistance, the long-term benefits outweigh any short-term inconvenience.


Based upon the actual requirement for the reform of operational predicting system and the local service, the MICAPS System is redeveloped synthetically in order to impel it elaborate more efficacy, thus a more convenient, quickly interactive work platform with distinctive local features is provided for forecasters.


Fund-raising activities by not-for-profit organizations (NPOs) have received increased attention in the face of perceived abuses. Some critics charge the accounting methods NPOs use do not reflect their activities. For example, because amounts charged to fund-raising may be understated, financial statement users may not be able to evaluate an NPO's fund-raising expenses. In response to the need for tighter accounting guidance, on September 10, 1993, the American Institute of CPAs issued an exposure draft of a proposed statement of position, Accounting for Costs of Materials and Activities of Not-for-Profit Organizations and State and Local Governmental Entities That Include a Fund-Raising Appeal. Financial statement users, including contributors, creditors, accreditation agencies and regulators, want assurance the amounts NPOs spend on fund-raising are fairly stated. Confusion results when NPOs conduct joint activities - that is, when fund-raising is conducted in conjunction with a program or management and general activity. When joint activities are conducted at the same time as a program or management and general activity, the expense may be reported on the NPO's financial statement as program, management and general or fund-raising. Currently, practice is diverse in the way NPOs allocate the costs of joint activities. This article discusses some of the issues surrounding accounting for joint activities by NPOs and explains how the guidance in the ED addresses the needs and concerns of financial statement users. JOINT ACTIVITIES Mail and telemarketing campaigns, special events and similar appeals are joint activities if they include fund-raising solicitations and at least one of these functions: * Program. Program activities are conducted by an NPO to fulfill its mission - for example, providing services to the community or encouraging people to take certain actions, such as exercising or eating right. * Management and general. Management and general activities are not identifiable with a single fund-raising or program activity but benefit the entire organization - for example, the costs of reporting on management's stewardship in an annual report. The reason for conducting joint activities, such as mailing program materials and a request for donations together rather than separately, is to save money. Such activities are considered joint activities because some of their costs are associated with more than one activity without being clearly identifiable with any one. However, there is an ancillary benefit to conducting joint activities: Allocating the resulting joint costs may have a material effect on the fund-raising costs reported in an NPO's financial statements. ACCOUNTING IMPLICATIONS In response to media stories about sham fund-raising organizations and excessive executive compensation, the public has become increasingly concerned about how its contributions are spent. Acting on the public's behalf, regulatory agencies such as states' attorneys general and watchdog groups such as the National Charities Information Bureau review NPOs' financial statements and use efficiency ratios to assess an NPO's level of spending on fund-raising, program and management and general activities. Such ratios compare total support services (or a component such as fund-raising) to total expenses, total revenue or contributions revenue. Exhibit 1, page 107, includes some commonly used ratios (expressed in this case as percentages). Although these ratios are useful tools, they can be misleading if not viewed in the context of a particular NPO. For example, NPOs that derive a significant amount of their support from the public generally rely on mail campaigns and other relatively costly fund-raising methods. Their ratios of fund-raising costs to contributions, total revenues or total expenses are likely to be higher than those of NPOs relying on fewer funding sources. …


Coiled tubes are designed to improve heat transfer performance and minimize pressure drops in compact heat exchangers. Heat loss is most common in heat exchangers and this heat is not often used. Waste heat recovery is an important pathway to more efficient technologies. In the present study, the heat energy that would normally be wasted in a heat exchanger is allowed to run through a thermoelectric generator prior to being introduced in the heat exchanger. This design allows the waste heat energy to be recovered by the thermoelectric generator, and the power generated is measured. A conical coil heat exchanger is built and the test set up is used to conduct experimental analysis at varying temperatures and flow rates. The obtained results are validated by comparing them to experimental results of a previous study. It is observed that with increase in flow rates, heat transfer coefficient increases and maximum effectiveness is obtained at lower flow rates. As the difference in fluid temperature increases, the thermoelectric generator produces more power.


The present work investigates the physical layer security of wireless communication systems over non-homogeneous fading environments, i.e., <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\eta$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>η</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="sofotasios-ieq1-2915547.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="sofotasios-ieq2-2915547.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> and <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>λ</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="sofotasios-ieq3-2915547.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula>-<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu$</tex-math><alternatives><mml:math><mml:mi>μ</mml:mi></mml:math><inline-graphic xlink:href="sofotasios-ieq4-2915547.gif"/></alternatives></inline-formula> fading models, which are typically encountered in realistic wireless transmission scenarios in the context of conventional and emerging communication systems. This study considers a single-input multiple-output system that consists of a single-antenna transmitter, a multi-antenna legitimate receiver, and an active multi-antenna eavesdropper. To this end, novel exact analytical expressions are derived for the corresponding average secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability, which are corroborated by respective results from computer simulations. Capitalizing on the offered results, the physical layer security is quantified in terms of different parameters, which leads to useful insights on the impact of non-homogeneous fading environment and the number of employed antennas on the achieved physical layer security levels of the underlying system configuration. The offered results and insights are useful for the design of such systems as well as for the computational requirements and sustainability relating to such systems, since emerging communications are largely characterized by stringent quality of service and complexity requirements.


(—)‐trans‐Δ9‐Tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9‐THC) was isolated from marihuana plant extract, by adsorptive column and glc. The adsorptive column chromatography method consisted of chromatographing marihuana extract on a column packed with a mixture of silica gel (gas chromatography grade (100/120 mesh), silver nitrate and calcium sulphate (CaSO4·H2O) (3:1:0·5) with benzene as the eluting solvent. The glc method consisted of chromatographing the extract on a 3 ft silanized glass column (3/8 inch o.d.) packed with 1·5 ft of 2% QF‐1 and 1·5 ft of 2% OV‐17 on chromosorb W, AW 30–60 mesh, prep grade. A purity of 99% for the isolated Δ9‐THC was confirmed by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectroscopy. The effects of storage conditions on Δ9‐THC stability, monitored by glc, indicated the best method for preserving Δ9‐THC was at 0°, protected from light, stored under nitrogen.


In order to understand the fundamental parameters governing glacier advance and retreats, and also the spectral properties of fluctuations in glacier length in response to noisy weather, we examine outputs of a numerical flowline model solving the shallowice equations with sliding. The numerical results reveal a surprising simplicity; the time evolution and spectral shape of glacier excursions depend on a single parameter, a time constant determined by the geometrical properties of the glacier. Furthermore, the numerical results reveal that perturbations in mass balance over the glacier surface set in motion a sequence of events that can be roughly described as occurring in three overlapping stages: (1) changes in interior thickness drive (2) changes in terminus flux, which in turn drive (3) changes in glacier length. A simple, third-order linear model, 1 which extends previous models in the literature, successfully captures these important features of the glacier flow. This three-stage linear model is readily invertible to recover climate history; provides clear physical insight and analytical expressions for some important metrics of glacier behavior such as variance, sensitivity, and excursion probabilities; and also facilitates uncertainty analysis. The linear model can also be adapted for arbitrary catchment geometry, and is applied to Nigardsbreen, Norway.


Introduction: The amount and composition of municipal solid waste, as basic data, require to design, operation and optimization of waste management systems. The aim of this study was to investigate the qualitative and quantitative of municipal solid waste in tabriz city. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. The samples were collected from all regions (10 regions) of Tabriz city. The samples have chosen according random cluster sampling during a year. 12 samples were collected in each season. Then, the data were analyzed by SPSS and Excel softwares. Results: The results indicated that amount of MSW was 1200 tons per day. The content of organic material, paper & cardboard and recyclable (plastic, metal, glass and etc) was 52%, 13.15% and 19%, respectively. The maximum and minimum production rate was in august and January, respectively. Conclusion: Approximately, 85% of wastes included the recyclable and organic materials which the reuse of this material prevents the environmental pollution. The citizens believed that the most important of MSW program should be the promoting awareness, waste reduction and recycling.


Supplement Editor, Dr Flaura K Winston, and Co-Editor, Dr Teresa Senserrick, introduce 10 papers covering the current science of safe driving among adolescents from the varied viewpoints of an international panel of experts. This Expert Panel, convened by the Center for Injury Research and Prevention (formerly TraumaLink) at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and State Farm Insurance Companies®, working jointly on the Youthful Driver Research Initiative, represents a wide range of expertise, thereby providing a broad understanding of driving, adolescence, and adolescent driving.


Consider the design of an information system, such as one for managing credit card accounts. The system should debit and credit accounts, check credit limits, charge interest, issue monthly statement s , a n d s o f o r t h. During the development process of requirements elaboration, systems design and implementation, a developer needs to make decisions such a s : How f r e q u e n tly will account information be updated? How will customer identity b e v alidated | e.g., by using personal identii-cation numbers (PIN codes) or biometrics? Will a certain group of data be stored locally or replicated over multiple sites? These development decisions have important implications for the security , performance, accuracy, cost and other aspects of the eventual system. The signiicance of these non-functional requirements (or software quality attributes) are widely recognized. Attaining software quality attributes can be as crucial to the success of the system as providing the functionality of the system. For example, inaccurate credit account information can lead to monetary loss and damage to the reputation of a nancial institution, while poor response time could lead to poor morale and eventually loss of customers. Most conventional approaches to system design are driven by functional requirements. Developers focus their eeorts primarily on achieving the desired 15


In a disaster struck area (DSA), macro base stations (MBSs) are usually damaged, and thus the wireless network becomes dysfunctional. To efficiently recover the communications, drone mounted base stations (DBSs) are deployed to relay data between the mobile users (MUs) in a DSA and working MBSs in the proximity of the DSA. However, a DBS may be deployed far away from a working MBS, thus limiting the backhaul link capacity between the DBS and the MBS. Also, the hovering time of current drones is limited, and thus caps the usage of DBSs. In order to increase the backhaul link capacity and prolong the hovering time of a DBS, we propose to apply free space optics to enable an MBS to simultaneously transmit data streams and energy to a DBS with high efficiency. The problem of jointly optimizing the DBS placement as well as the access link bandwidth allocation is formulated to maximize the hovering time of a DBS and guarantee the data rate requirements of the MUs. The joint bandwidth allocation DBS placement (TWIST) algorithm is proposed to solve the problem. The performance of TWIST is demonstrated through simulations.


The passivation process is of significant importance to produce high-efficiency black silicon solar cell due to its unique microstructure. The black silicon has been produced by plasma immersion ion implantation (PIII) process. And the Silicon nitride films were deposited by inline plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) to be used as the passivation layer for black silicon solar cell. The microstructure and physical properties of silicon nitride films were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), spectroscopic ellipsometry, and the microwave photoconductance decay (μ-PCD) method. With optimizing the PECVD parameters, the conversion efficiency of black silicon solar cell can reach as high as 16.25%.


This article reports on a research study of pairs of social work students and their field instructors whor ated their perceptions of each other on various dimensions of placement success, including the quality of the supervisory relationship, the amount learned in the placement, and knowledge and skill levels. The Kolb Learning Styles Inventory was used to measure similarities and differences in student and field instructor learning preferences. The study suggests that assessment of learning styles can assist field instructors and students to appreciate different contributions, to recognize diversity as strength and, ultimately, to enhance the overall quality and success of the learning experience.


Thin film systems are often analysed by using sputter depth profiling. First the sample gets eroded by inert gas ion impact during sputter depth profiling. Then the elemental composition of the freshly unveiled surface is determined by using a surface sensitive analytical method as AES or XPS, for instance. This way the depth distributions of the elements are recorded as a function of sputter time. The time to record the spectral data in a certain sputter depth is kept as short as possible to avoid recontamination of the freshly sputtered surface by adsorption of gas particles from the vacuum during the measurement. Therefore in every sputter depth only those spectral regions are recorded, which belong to the elements expected to be in the sample. But in case the sample composition is entirely unknown, it is indispensable to measure wide energy range spectra. By this approach the depth distributions of all elements are estimated, which are detectable by the used analytical method. The measurement of wide energy range spectra during sputter depth profile acquisition is promising for samples, which are very insulating. If the surface potential varies in different sputter depths, the elemental peaks are shifted in an unpredictable way. If wide energy range spectra are recorded, the energy scale can be re-adjusted afterwards and the data can be re-evaluated. Both use cases are demonstrated exemplarily by sputter depth profile measurements.


"I came from a country which was created at midnight. When I almost died it was just after midday"

Those are very impressive quotes with which the book starts revealing almost everything what the book covered. Its the story of Pakistani girl who was born to a illetrate mother and a daring father who had a strong desire to make all the girls literate inspite of opposition from Taliban, The Jihadis, that terrorised the whole Pakistan. Malala's father Mohmd Ali Jinnah love of learning and sense of justice which made him speak fearlessely against Taliban's for the same. Nobody was the first child of parent and intelligent and inquisitive child and also had great interest towards learning and education. The book also tells about the Pakistan culture. They migrated from Kabul and settled in beautiful valley Swat. (Which was war prone). Mallala's father had a deep desire to open a school for children despite of his poverty. The book also tells us about his fight against Government of Pakistan and strong opposition from the Taliban's.

Maulana Fazulullah a young extremist and fighter of Taliban and was leader of the same was totally against the girl's education and whoever went against him was punished severely. He ordered his fighters to bomb the school or shoot the educationist who went for it (In the process Mallala's father also got the continous threat from them. Mallala continued going to school with her books hidden under her chadar (Shawl) As she had a strong desire and interest in education, she also started writing for BBC under a pen name "Gul Makai" . She also gave a radio interview speaking frankly on the issue of the girl's education when they shifted from border to Peshavar. The book tells about her fight for life when she was by the Taliban's on 9th Oct 2012. It was a miracle she got her life back after being shot in head with the severe damage in the skull as well as her face. Her fight for Life was from Peshavar Army hospital to Burminghum England, (where she underwent many surgeries) Ultimately her strong desire to live for education made her won the battle of survival. Her struggle for her made her worldwide known and everybody with her heart prayed for her survival. Her work for girl's education and fight for injustice against them enable her won the Nobel Prize for Peace.


Simple Summary This study systematically describes the effects of body condition score (BCS) changes in primiparous cows during the peripartum period on hormone indexes, health, and production. The BCS and its changes indirectly measure the degree of fat mobilization and is a good predictor of the risk of postpartum disease. In production practice, confounding the management of primiparous and multiparous cow risks neglecting the postpartum characteristics of primiparous cows. A prospective observational study observed that primiparous cows that have a lower BCS have higher non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) concentrations and more dramatic hormonal changes. Prepartum BCS changes were inconsistent and small, while after calving, there was a drastic decline in the BCS, suggesting that even a slight drop in the prepartum BCS may be a warning of a postpartum risk for primiparous cows. It is suggested that operators attach importance to the primiparous cow prepartum BCS and keep it stable through prepartum management adjustments, since an ideal BCS at calving reduces the incidence of postpartum disease. Abstract This is a prospective observational study that evaluates the effects of body condition score (BCS) changes in primiparous Holstein cows during peripartum on their NEFA and BHBA concentrations, hormone levels, postpartum health, and production performance. The cows under study (n = 213) were assessed to determine their BCS (5-point scale; 0.25-point increment) once a week during the whole peripartum by the same researchers; backfat was used for corrections. Blood samples were collected 21 and 7 days before calving and 7, 21, and 35 days after calving, and were assayed for NEFA, BHBA, growth hormone (GH), insulin, leptin, and adiponectin concentrations. The incidence of disease and milk yield were recorded until 84 days after calving. Cows were classified according to their BCS changes during peripartum as follows: Those that gained BCS (G; ΔBCS ≥ 0.25), maintained BCS (M; ΔBCS = 0–0.25), or lost BCS (L; ΔBCS ≥ 0.5). The BCS at −21 days and at 7, 14, and 21 days were different (p < 0.01), but trended toward uniformity in all groups at calving. The L group had higher NEFA and BHBA concentrations and hormone levels (p < 0.01) than the M and G groups at 21 and 35 days after calving, and had a higher incidence of uterine and metabolic diseases; however, there were no differences in production performance between the various groups. In conclusion, a lower BCS in primiparous cows during peripartum influences the NEFA and BHBA concentrations, hormone levels, and occurrence of health problems postpartum. The postpartum effects of BCS changes appear prior to calving.


It has been reported that high strength steel sheet cannot improve fatigue strength of components with a spot weld. The purpose of this study is to discuss the dominant factors on the fatigue strength of spot weld in order to clarify the reasons. A new fatigue testing technique is developed for a small specimen with a total length of less than 3 mm, and the local fatigue strength of heat-affected zone (HAZ), which is the crack initiation site in the joint, in a mild steel sheet (270 MPa-grade) and a high strength steel sheet (590 MPa-grade) are evaluated by this technique. The fatigue strength of HAZ is almost equal in both steels although the tensile strength of the 590 MPa steel is higher than that of the mild steel. The stress in the tensile-shear spot-welded joint under cyclic loading and the residual stress by the spot-welding are evaluated by finite element analyses. The residual stress is tensile in both steels. However, the plastic deformation takes place in the joint of the mild steel and this releases the residual stress. On the other hand, the stress in the 590 MPa steel is elastic and the residual stress decreases the allowable alternating stress. The stress under the condition of the experimental fatigue limit of the joint considering the residual stress coincides well with the fatigue limit diagram of HAZ, which means that the fatigue limit of the joint is determined by the fatigue limit of HAZ and the residual stress.


Total Integrated Material Management System(TIMMS)is a set engineering system of optical,mechanical,electrical and information technology.The system improves the operation of the entire supply chain transparency and fluency through the effective real-time tracking and management of logistics and information flow.The hardware and software is the core of the total system.Based on analysis of the actual needs of logistics management,Qingzhou Cigarette Factory,Tobacco Shandong Industrial Co.,Ltd was presented as a targeted cigarette factory logistics for the actual situation in this paper.The hardware and software in the system were managed for the detailed planning and design with the various functions module structure and function,and its corresponding implementation.The results show this design of the hardware and software structure is reasonable.


Climatic changes and anthropogenic impact have resulted in numerous cases of introduction and range expansion of hydrobionts. In the late 20th century and in the early 21st century some species, previously not observed in the Vistula and Curonian lagoons (brackish waterbodies with well-developed port infrastructure and active navigation) were recorded more than once in the study area. The aim of this study was to characterize cases of alien polychaete introductions in the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea, including shallow lagoons. Samples of zoobenthos, collected in the Russian exclusive economic zone in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea (139 sampling sites, 2001–2016), the North-Eastern Vistula Lagoon (45 s. s., 1997–2016) and the Southern Curonian Lagoon (24 s. s., 2001–2016), were studied. The material is stored in the IO RAS zoological collection. The south-western (Polish) part of the Vistula Lagoon and the northern (Lithuanian) part of the Curonian Lagoon were characterized using previously published data. In the Vistula Lagoon since the 1880s for over a century polychaetes were represented by the only species – Hediste diversicolor. Since the end of the 20th century, new species for the region have been registered: Marenzelleria neglecta (since 1988); Streblospio benedicti, Manayunkia aestuarina, Alkmaria romijni (since middle 1990s); Boccardiella ligerica (since 2008 in the Polish waters and since 2013 in the Russian waters); Laonome cf. calida (since 2014). In the Curonian Lagoon polychaetes (the only species, M. neglecta) occur in the northern (Lithuanian) part only. In the Russian part of the South-Eastern Baltic polychaetes of Marenzelleria genus have been registered since 1988, while M. arctia – since 2001, S. benedicti and B. ligerica have been recorded since the beginning of the 21st century. Thus, in the marine waters of the South-Eastern Baltic, three alien polychaete species have been recorded, while in the Vistula Lagoon – five, and in the Curonian Lagoon – one species. These introduced species belong to a group of estuarine, brackishwater infaunal organisms, whose native areals are in the Western or Eastern Atlantic and the south-western part of the Pacific Ocean. Salinity conditions have been shown to be the most favorable for aliens in the marine part of the study area, while trophic conditions – in the lagoons. The optimal combination of environmental factors for the aliens has been found to be in the shallow Vistula Lagoon due to an existence of the aria with bottom salinity not lower then 3.7–5.9 ‰, predominance of soft silty sediments, abundance of organic matter, and insignificant competition for food resources. Information on distribution, occurrence, abundance and status of alien populations is given.


Aphids are pest species of many crops and biocontrol methods are often ineffective. Ant–aphid associations can be mutualistic or antagonistic, with ants increasing or reducing aphid numbers. Within‐species plant variation or other herbivores may further influence these ant–aphid interactions. Okra is an economically important crop in Cameroon. Several okra varieties are grown here and attacked by the facultatively ant‐tended cotton aphid Aphis gossypii. We conducted field and screenhouse experiments where plant variety, ant presence and predator access were manipulated to investigate the multitrophic interactions on okra and their effects on okra yield. In the field, ants did not protect aphids from their natural enemies and syrphid larvae reduced aphids by 42%. Additionally, aphid recruitment of ants reduced chewing herbivore damage by 11% and indirectly increased okra fruit set. We also found aphid numbers, aphid predation by syrphids and chewing herbivory to vary across okra varieties. Finally, in the screenhouse, we recorded a 24% reduction in aphid numbers on plants with ant presence. The present study highlights the importance of direct and indirect biotic interactions for pest biocontrol. Tropical agricultural systems are complex and understanding such interactions can help in designing pest control measures in sustainable agriculture.


The Automated Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration (AHFU) method is proposed here as a simple, efficient and rapid virus concentration technique from tap and drinking water sources.

The results reported here extend the testing of the AHFU method to include two Picornaviruses [Poliovirus 2 (vaccine) and Echovirus 1] and Reovirus 3. Their respective mean virus recoveries from between 3 and 100 l of tap water is 88 ± 26, 79 ± 60, and 104 ± 48%.

Various approaches including membrane surface modification, changes in backwash hydrodynamics, modification of the feed and backwash composition, and the use of S35-methionine labelled Poliovirus 2, are used to study the recovery of sorbed Poliovirus 2 from the hollow fiber/solution interface. An increase in the backwash pH to between 9.5 and 10.5 significantly improved Poliovirus 2 recovery. This, together with the labelled experiments, indicates that the virus-membrane interactions are probably electrostatic in nature. Convective polarization during filtration probably brings the virus close enough to the surface for these interactions to occur since virus losses were not detected for a non-permeation recycle experiment.

Because very low Reynold's numbers are used, the flow is in the creeping-flow-regime for both filtration and backwashing (axial and radial). Unless significantly higher Reynolds could be used, enhanced recovery due to purely hydrodynamic forces is unlikely. High Reynold's numbers, of course, are limited by the pressure constraints of the hollow fibers.


Over the last 2 years St Luke's Hospice has invested in the use a Quality Improvement Framework – The Model for Improvement (IHI), across the whole organisation. This involved an investment in a QI lead, back filling the clinical time, actively supporting staff to participate and investment in a partnership with NIHR Collaboration for Leadership in Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC). There have been 3 key interventions. Delivery of a QI programme to 3 cohorts of staff and volunteers. 33 people have attended the programme (2 doctors, 7 nurses, 4 Patient support, 1 therapist, 7 clinical support, 8 non-clinical and 4 volunteers), and 20 QI projects have been undertaken. The course has evolved and now has a more theory into practice, peer support, and trialling incremental improvement Investment in a partnership with the CLAHRC to improve service in our Woodgrange Centre We will show how we have improved our data collection Halving waiting times in Our Woodgrange Centre Invested in setting up the use of Care opinion as a way of improving the way we use patient stories to appreciate our staff and improve services. This has been a process of parallel continuous learning. We will also share what we have learnt about leading such a process and what our staff have learnt along the way. This will be helpful for anyone in a leadership role wanting to follow a similar approach.


This paper presents a novel human arm gesture tracking and recognition technique based on fuzzy logic and nonlinear Kalman filtering with applications in crane guidance. Kinect visual sensor and MYO armband sensor are jointly utilized to perform data fusion in providing more accurate and reliable information on Euler angles, angular velocity, linear acceleration and electromyography data in real-time. Dynamic equations for arm gesture movement are formulated with Newton-Euler equations based on Denavit-Hartenberg parameters. Nonlinear Kalman filtering techniques, including the extended Kalman filter and the unscented Kalman filter, are applied to perform reliable sensor fusion, and their tracking accuracies are compared. A Sugeno-type fuzzy inference system is proposed for arm gestures recognition. Hardware experiments have shown the efficacy of proposed method for crane guidance applications.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the use of transglutaminase in dairy drinks made from with goat milk with 45% of serum, and the physical, chemical, microbiological and sensory characteristics of these drinks within the expiration date of the product. In the first phase, five different levels of transglutaminase (0, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5 U/g) were evaluated. In the second phase, the drink that had the best sensory acceptability was evaluated for 30 days. It was observed that the dairy drink treated with 0.5 U/g transglutaminase showed higher sensory acceptability in relation to the 7.18 overall impression. The color values of the dairy drink treated with 0.5 U/g showed no significant difference (p<0.05). The values of lactic acid bacteria are established according to the legislation. Results show the feasibility of the use of transglutaminase in dairy drinks.


As the title implies this paper presents information concerning an important phase of right-of-way (ROW) preparation; the art and science of locating and building the access road network necessary for construction of a transmission line facility. Although the paper explores concepts employed by the author during the course of the MarchMassena-Quebec 765 KV Transmission Line Project, much of this material would undoubtedly be adaptable to lower voltage transmission facilities as well. As the environmental engineer assigned to this project by the Power Authority of the State of New York (PASNY), it was my responsibility to aid in the development of the Environmental Management and Construction Plan (EMCP) as required by the Public Service Commission (PSC) of New York State under the auspices of Article VII of the Public Service Law. An important part of the EMCP is the location and design criteria of the access road network including the erosion and sediment control measures. This endeavor was a mutual effort on the part of the Authority and the contracted engineering firm, Uhl, Hall & Rich. A multidisciplinary approach was used in planning the access road system utilizing a fruitful combination of both engineering and environmental expertise.


At the "Computers, Freedom, and Privacy (CFP) Conference" held in April in Berkeley, California, the spotlight was on the twin weights of national security and personal liberty — with technology the fulcrum on which all turns. Highlights included sessions devoted to the new international cybercrime treaty, a global crusade to spread technology to underdeveloped nations, laws meant to block illegal sites at the IP-address level, and wiretapping voice-over-IP (VoIP) communications.


The writer has made an investigation of various samples of basic fuchsin for use in the Endo medium for differentiating the bacteria of the colon-typhoid group. Various different concentrations of the fuchsin samples have been used in making the media. The conclusions are as follows:American made fuchsins differ markedly in their alcohol solubility properties. They contain materials which are very readily soluble in 95% alcohol, but which are precipitated by sodium sulphite.This precipitation may be prevented by increasing the dilution of the fuchsin in alcohol.In order to secure more dependable results in the use of decolorized basic fuchsin as an indicator in Endo Agar, it is advisable to test the fuchsin in different dilutions in alcohol in order to secure a completely decolorized solution. It is also advisable to carefully test those fuchsins which decolorize only in high dilutions with a known organism in Endo agar before relying on it as a satisfactory indicator for the presence of sewage organisms.


(e.g., p. 118.) It is not inconsistent to add now that the author might also have sought to draw some implications of a different order out of his research; his central questions do not appear to wholly encompass the data developed. Part of the strength of this book lies in the multiple applications of the data, particularly those on the segmentation of attitudes within the community. In other words, this is more than a study of why the school board failed to go all the way with law enforcement and how various publics reacted in terms of support for the law. There are suggestive data permitting comparison of local elites and publics as to their relative propensity to make policy-preference-oriented exceptions to the neutral and consistent application of the law. In important ways, it appears, law is merely an extension of values, rather than an embodiment of a generally shared community desire for order and predictability. Support comes from those people whose preferences are served, and to the extent that they are; others, recognizing that the law embodies somebody else's preferences, prefer exceptions to allow them to do as they wish. There are interesting data comparing local elites and public attitudes on civil liberties questions which seem to show much smaller disparities than most other studies. And there is a series of implications for such policy questions as decentralization of decisionmaking: the data grant small encouragement to those who would see decentralization as a means of promoting local democracy, if democracy be defined to include the tolerance of strongly-felt minority preferences by local majorities.


In this communication, we introduce a new statistical model and study its various mathematical properties. The expressions for hazard rate, reversed hazard rate, and odd functions are provided. We explore the asymptotic behaviors of the density and hazard functions of the newly proposed model. Further, moments, median, quantile, and mode are obtained. The cumulative distribution and density functions of the general $k$th order statistic are provided. Sufficient conditions, under which the likelihood ratio order between two inverse generalized linear failure rate (IGLFR) distributed random variables holds, are derived. In addition to these results, we introduce several estimates for the parameters of IGLFR distribution. The maximum likelihood and maximum product spacings estimates are proposed. Bayes estimates are calculated with respect to the squared error loss function. Further, asymptotic confidence and Bayesian credible intervals are obtained. To observe the performance of the proposed estimates, we carry out a Monte Carlo simulation using $R$ software. Finally, two real-life data sets are considered for the purpose of illustration.


Humphrey Tonkin's article (2011, this issue) refers to many relevant parameters in the current dominance of English in science. His conclusion that publication in English ''is erroneously equated with scientific advancement in general'' (p. 105) is a disturbingly valid generalization that ultimately reflects ignorance, prejudice, and myopia. Belief in it has only taken root in continental Europe within roughly the past decade. That it went without saying earlier in the United Kingdom and United States reflects lack of reflection on the part of cultures that have been economically, politically, and scientifically dominant, and still are in some respects. It also reflects historical amnesia, since Anglo monolingualism was counter-balanced by the strong presence of Latin and Greek in general education until well into the 20th century.1


BLAST has been shown to provide high capacity wireless communications by using multiple antennas at both transmitter and receiver. We have built a narrowband wireless BLAST testbed with multiple transmit and receive antennas. We examine the performance of the VBLAST by choosing the antenna configurations and performing link adaptation. It is shown that adapting the number of transmit antennas achieves remarkable performance improvement. To further demonstrate the effectiveness of the testbed, we use over-the-air error traces to simulate H.263+ video transmission.


AIM
To test IL-6 and IL-2 serum concentrations as indirect prognostic indicators in tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) course.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
13 TBE patients' sera were examined for IL-2 and IL-6.

RESULTS
IL-6 was not detected in patients with TBE fever but was detected in meningoencephalytic TBE.

CONCLUSION
TBE patients demonstrate a positive correlation between the disease severity and serum IL-6. This criterion is proposed as a prognostic factor of a TBE course.


The report is about the results of nine months of internship in the marketing department of the Sheraton Porto Hotel & SPA. It begins with an introduction of the concept of marketing and tourism, then its junction, the tourism marketing as emerged, its importance and its evolution over time, for better explain all the activities on stage. Also at this point, I will focus on the importance of the Internet in tourism, their impact on this activity which every year attract thousands of people to our country. Finally, I will characterize the phenomenon of tourism in the city of Porto, which has been increasing over the years, thus reflecting the high rates of occupancy, and is marketing the main driver for the growth of this city. In the second part of the report will be characterized the place that I made the internship, Starwood Hotels & Resorts, Inc, as well as one of seven brands, in this case, Sheraton Hotels & Resorts. I will also make reference to one of the largest loyalty programs, SPG (Starwood Preferred Guest), and several campaigns this program develops during the year, where the role of marketeer becomes crucial for disclosure. Will perform a brief characterization of the Sheraton Porto Hotel & SPA, as well as your target audience, occupation and will give my critical opinion on the local stage. Also in this chapter, will be explain all the daily tasks performed during the nine-month internship, as well as new programs, new concepts that I learned and all the key points that occur in day-to-day in the marketing department. To end this chapter, I will make a critical and reflective analysis of my internship. In the last chapter of this report will be described two of the main activities undertaken during the internship, with the aim of resolving certain issues including the creation of a website during the Christmas season and New Yea. Creating a new image for layout and promoting the New Yorker Bar during the 2014 world Cup was also an activity and I will also give my critical opinion, as well as some suggestions that could be implemented in the future. This work aims to show the activities of a marketeer one of the largest international chains, as well as its literary context and performing tasks of marketing management.


With power system deregulation undergoing worldwide, it's urgent for China to establish multi-level power market in large interconnected power system to better configure energy resources and gain greater economic benefit of power exchanges. But it's not clear how to maintain network security in such environment. This paper therefore suggests a coordination information based security coordination scheme under which the upper-level and lower-level power market can cooperate smoothly for the system security and potential power exchanges among lower-level markets can be greatly boosted. The method of obtaining the coordination information for lower-level market and the transaction scheduling model for upper-level market are also discussed. The suggested scheme is tested on IEEE 30 bus system and proved to be feasible. Numeric results show that the scheme and related algorithms proposed in this paper can make great economic benefit, which is near to the ideal results.


Since more than twenty years the possible utilisation of high temperature and oxydation resistance of ceramics was considered by rocket engines designers but brittleness and poor thermal choc resistance was a major disadvantage for those materials emergence. To-day's availability of industrial carbonceramic and ceramic-ceramic thermostructural composite materials with high resilience and high thermal choc resistance rise new interests for the manufacturing of high temperature rocket engines parts. Those new class of materials are now currently under production at p under trade names of SEF'CARBV CERASEF'. Their unique thermal and mechanic 1 properties give them ability to overcome refractory metals for application to integral thrust chamber and nozzle of storable bipropellant rocket engines. Technological engines equipped with such parts were succesfully tested opening the way for application to next generation rocket engines.


Ingrid Sinclair's Flame is a gendered critique of nationalism that claims to be a prototype encompassing various similar experiences of women within nationalist struggles. Thus, as the film opens, Nyassa's voice dramatically announces that "this story, the story of two friends, is one of many." The film claims the century-long colonial history of Zimbabwe as its natural context, and through old photographs seeks a legitimacy wrested from the various stages of history: two white settiers posing in the bush amid four natives carrying a white woman in a hammock; a white safari hunter, rifle in hand, sitting on top of a slaughtered elephant, his legs triumphantly spread on the flank of the animal; natives pulling huge cannons to shore supervised by white settlers; white settlers panning for diamonds; a settler and a local police officer posing in front of a locomotive with a banner reading, "Advance Rhodesia"; and finally, a still depicting the colonial police force clubbing native demonstrators with fierce intensity. Throughout these pictures the voice of Nyassa—hushed and firm—asserts the uncompromising resistance of freedom fighters (Chimurenga) over time.


Experiment was conducted at unheated green house directorate of agricultural researches plant breeding center, AlTuwaitha station, 40 km southeast of Baghdad, this study was carried out to evaluation efficiency two of biofertilizers agents it is both irradiated isolation Trichoderma harzianium fungi (T.26) and unirradiated Azotobacter chroococcum bacteria and interactions between them on growth and yield of radish cv. long scarlet. The experiment included 4 treatments within randomized complete block design with three replicates. The results showed that the plant height was significantly increased by application of biofertilizers and it was maximum under microorganism combination treatment (T3) i.e. T. harzianum + A. chroococcum (1 gm) that gave (14.99, 25.51, 63.67) cm for each period respectively. Also the same treatment gave highest number of leaves, Root length and root diameter were significantly influenced by biofertilizers. Highest root length (48.98 cm) was recorded with T. harzianum + A. chroococcum. This treatment was the best for fresh and dry weight of plant and gave highest values in all indicators that have been measured. The study showed that combination application of T. harzianum + A. chroococcum was found more beneficial and 1 Corresponding author: firstname.lastname@example.com Usama A. Alogadi, Falih H. Saeed, Qassim M. Zamil, Hadi M. AboudEfficacy of some bio-fertilizer types on growth and yield of Radish (Raphanus sativus) EUROPEAN ACADEMIC RESEARCH Vol. IV, Issue 6 / September 2016 5796 significantly improved growth and yield of radish grown under unheated green house condition.


To investigate the genetic variation of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),the full-length genome of PRRSV GX1003 strain from Guangxi province were amplified by RT-PCR,sequenced and analyzed.The results showed that,excluding the poly(A) tail,the genomic sequence of GX1003 strain was 15 320 nucleotides(nt) in length.Sequence analysis revealed that GX1003 strain shared 85.0%-99.4% nucleotide identity and 82.1%-99.1% amino acid identity with North American(NA) type isolates,and shared 60.6% nucleotide identity and 51.3% amino acid identity with European(EU) prototype LV strain.Sequence comparison demonstrated that GX1003 strain had discontinuous 30 aa deletion in 481 aa and 533-561 aa of NSP2 region compared with that of the NA prototype VR-2332,which was considered as the genetic marker of highly pathogenic PRRSV(HP-PRRSV),and had new multiple genomic variations in different regions.Phylogenetic analysis showed that all the NA type isolates could be divided into four subgroups,while GX1003 strain distributed in subgroup 4 represented by the highly pathogenic JXA1 strain.The results indicated that GX1003 strain from Guangxi province belonged to HP-PRRSV with new genetic variations in different regions.


The surface of nano-Si 3N 4 podwer was covered successfully with Co-P alloy cladding by low temperature electroless plating in ultrasonic wave.The best composition of electroless plating solution and reaction condition were optimized by comparison experiments.The composite powder was analyzed by EDX, XRD and TEM.The result indicates that the cladding of composite powder is of high uniformity and dispersion.


This paper develops an endogenous growth model based on the idea of new combinations of input factors as a growth mechanism. The model integrates the idea of several technologies used simultaneously in producing final output. Innovations are of the horizontal and vertical type and in addition of the type of new technologies which can be combined with existing ones. All types of innovations are endogenous and the occurrence of a new technology has stochastic elements as well. This leads to endogenous dynamics in the growth rates of final output production.


The present study, based on concepts from a cognitive and constructivist perspective of the organization, specially on the concepts and ideas of Karl Weick, analyzes the experience of evaluation of a program, developed in a private hospital in Salvador ("Care for yourself to care for others"). The program was evaluated by external consultants and technicians from the hospital team as well. the data collection and analysis focused on evaluating the decision-making process related to the conception and development of the program. These data, systematically recorded, were the basis for discussion and interpretations that emphasized a socially constructed nature of the processes of organizing. first of all, the results make evident that the organizational context itself, as well as the policies of Human Resources, favor sensemaking processes later and and the development of a collective mind, contributing to make the organization leaders vigilant and attentive so that the moral values and knowledge are duly contemplated. Secondly, the schemes which guide the whole process of sensemaking and how it is shared by the team are clearly shown in the different phases of the evaluation process. The analysis of this experience indicates, in a very significant way, how the evaluation process constituted, in fact, an organizative practice that provides stability to individual experiences and contributes to the sensemaking shared among people, articulating them to the organization's values and mission.


VLBI observations of the high-redshift quasar 1338+381 reveal a source with two well defined components that are stationary and possibly, a weaker component that moves in between at a very high superluminal speed.


As people's spending power rises, so does the scope of the cosmetics industry, which is benefiting from advances in technology and more cutting-edge variations of existing products. Because of this, cosmetic manufacturers in Indonesia are now able to compete fairly in the local cosmetic brand section in Indonesia. This is due to the fact that demand has been on the rise over the past two years, which has led to an increase in the number of people purchasing cosmetics within Indonesia. The purpose of this research is to investigate the relationship between the pricing of Ms. Glow cosmetic items and the level of customer satisfaction with regard to product quality control factors. Quantitative study was conducted, and a total of one hundred people from the city of Sampit who had previously purchased Ms. Glow goods served as responders. In this study, the method of sampling that was carried out was known as snowball sampling. It is possible to draw the conclusion that there is a positive and significant effect of price on consumer satisfaction based on the findings of this study, which indicate that the value of the sig t-test was 0.000, which means that the significance level was less than 0.05. This indicates that there is a correlation between the price of a product and the degree to which customers are satisfied with that product.


We derive theoretical discrete time asset pricing restrictions on the within state conditional mean equations for the market portfolio and for individual assets under the assumptions: (1) the conditional CAPM holds; (2) asset returns are driven by an underlying unobserved two-state discrete Markov process. We show that the market risk-premiums in the two states can be decomposed into a standard CAPM volatility-level premium plus an additional volatility-uncertainty premium. The latter premium is increasing in the market price of risk, the uncertainty about the next period's state and the difference in volatility between the two states. In an empirical application the model is estimated for the U.S. stock market 1836-2003. We apply a discrete mixture of two Normal Inverse Gaussian (NIG) distributions to represent the return characteristics in the unobservable states. Our results show that the high-risk regime has a volatility of 36.28 % on an annual basis while the low-risk regime has just 14.42%, and the latter is much more frequent. Stock returns display characteristics that support our specification of within state NIG distributions as an alternative to Normal distributions. The risk premiums for the two regimes are 2.79% and 17.86% on an annual basis, but the volatility-uncertainty premium for the two states are shown to give an unimportant contribution to the estimated risk premium. The most striking result, from a practical point of view, is that the average sample risk premium of 4% belongs to the highest quintiles of the estimated conditional risk premiums.


The objective of this study was to investigate the mechanism of the soluble Aβ oligomer-induced alteration in synaptic proteins. Therefore, an immunofluorescence technique was applied to investigate the changes in the expression of postsynaptic density-95 (PSD-95) protein in primary hippocampal neurons, which was exposed to Aβ25–35 after N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antagonist or agonist treatment. Results showed that Aβ25–35 downregulated PSD-95 protein in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Treatment of cells with MK-801 (a general NMDA receptor antagonist) prevented Aβ-induced PSD-95 degradation. Moreover, when extrasynaptic NMDA receptors were blocked by ifenprodil (a specific antagonist of the NR2B subunit), the Aβ-induced downregulation of PSD-95 was significantly attenuated. However, when synaptic NMDA receptors were blocked by bicuculline (a GABA receptor antagonist) in combination with MK-801, the PSD-95 degradation did not change significantly. The results suggest that Aβ-induced downregulation of PSD-95 depends on NMDAR activity, and extrasynaptic NMDA receptors may be involved in Aβ-induced synaptic protein degradation.


There is a described computer - controlled methods of treatment of large optics with testing of ground surfaces by a set of spherometers and IR-interferometers, testing of lens correctors and CGH correctors, measuring of Radius by a laser tracker on examples of astronomical mirrors production under projects VST, TNT, VISTA, etc. There is a graph describing a degree of complexity of fabricated optics for various telescopes all over the world and there is data about the astronomical mirrors produced in LZOS for different projects.


Peeled shrimp (Peneaus spp.) and channel catfish (Ictalutus punctatus) fillets were either mixed with commercial lemon pepper marinade and vacuum tumbled at 4°C for 30 min or soaked in 2% tripolyphosphate solution overnight. Dielectric constant and loss factor of marinated seafood and the penetration depth of microwaves were functions of temperature. When cooking temperature increased, the dielectric constant increased, while the loss factor and depth of penetration decreased. Because of the large variation in thermal conductivity measured for individual shrimp, no correlation between thermal conductivity and temperature was found. At constant temperature, thermal conductivity of 2% sodium tripolyphosphate-treated shrimp was higher than that of both marinated and nonmarinated shrimp as a result of higher moisture content. However, no difference in thermal conductivity was found between marinated and nonmarinated shrimp or catfish.


The reduced power graph of a finite group [Formula: see text], denoted by [Formula: see text], is the graph whose vertices are the elements of the group [Formula: see text] and two vertices [Formula: see text] are adjacent if and only if [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we first describe the structure of the reduced power graph of the finite cyclic group [Formula: see text]. Consequently, we provide a short and alternative proof of one of the results published in (R. Rajkumar and T. Anitha, Laplacian spectrum of reduced power graph of certain finite groups, Linear Multilinear Algebra (2019) 1–18). We characterize the values of [Formula: see text] for which [Formula: see text] is a line graph. We then deduce the signless Laplacian spectrum of [Formula: see text] using its structure. We provide lower and upper bounds on the signless Laplacian spectral radius of [Formula: see text]. Finally, we conclude the paper by determining the signless Laplacian spectrum of [Formula: see text], where [Formula: see text] denotes the dihedral group of order [Formula: see text].


Stainless rolling stocks are usually fabricated by spot welding process without painting. Indentation on the surface of the car body after spot welding injures the beauty of the stainless rolling stocks. In this study, electrode tips to reduce the indentation are developed and applied to the actual spot welding works. The developed tips are composed of head, neck, hole for cooling water, body and resistance material. They provide large surface contact area with the base materials during spot welding and enhance the current density by necking. Experimental results using the developed tips show that small indentation and sufficient tensile shear strength is produced due to large contact area and enhanced current density.


The luminescence properties of Nd-doped SiOx layers containing silicon nanocrystals (Si-ncs) were investigated by steady state, time-dependent and power-dependent photoluminescence spectrometry and photoluminescence excitation experiments. Both direct and indirect excitation processes of Nd3+ ions have been evidenced. The energy transfer mechanism between Si-ncs and Nd3+ ions is favored by the overlap between the emission spectrum of confined excitons in Si-ncs and the Nd3+ absorption from the ground state to 4F5/2 electronic level. The more intense Nd-related emission was obtained in samples containing 0.5 at. % of Nd and characterized by an indirect excitation cross section equal to 8 × 10−15 cm2.


Osteoporotic vertebral fractures are normally attributed to weakening of the vertebral body. However, the compressive strength of the spine also depends on the manner in which the intervertebral disc presses on the vertebral body, and on load-bearing by the neural arch. We present preliminary results from a large-scale investigation into the relative importance of these three influences on vertebral compressive strength.

Lumbar motion segments from elderly cadavers were subjected to 1.5 kN of compressive loading while the distribution of compressive stress was measured along the antero-posterior diameter of the intervertebral disc, using a miniature pressure-transducer. The overall compressive force on the disc, obtained by integrating the stress profile ( [1][1]), was subtracted from the 1.5 kN applied load to give the force resisted by the neural arch. Stress profilometry was performed with each motion segment positioned to simulate the erect standing posture, and a forward stooping posture. Vertebral strength was measured by compressing the motion segments to failure in the forward stooping posture. In life, the spine is usually compressed most severely in this posture.

A univariate analysis of results from the first 9 motion segments (aged 72–92 yrs) showed that vertebral strength increased from 2.0 kN to 4.6 kN as the compressive force resisted by the neural arch in erect postures decreased from 1.1 kN to 0.4 kN (r2 = 0.42, p = 0.05). Updated results from this on-going study will be presented at the meeting.

Preliminary results suggest that habitual load-bearing by the neural arch in erect postures can lead to progressive weakening of the vertebral body, which is effectively "stress-shielded" by the neural arch. This weakening is exposed when the spine is loaded severely in a forward stooped posture, when it has a reduced compressive strength. This mechanism could explain some features of osteoporotic vertebral fractures in old people.

 [1]: #ref-1


They say a medical student is never more dangerous than at the end of her second year. It is at this point that I find myself sweltering in the 100 |SDF heat of Mumbai, India, on a visit to my agin...


We study in detail the impact of alloying HfO2 with Al (Hf1_xAl2xO2+x) on the oxide-based resistive random access memory (RRAM) (OxRRAM) thermal stability through material characterization, electrical measurements, and atomistic simulation. Indeed, migration of oxygen atoms inside the dielectric is at the heart of OxRRAM operations. Hence, we performed comprehensive diffusion barrier calculations in HfO2, Hf1_xAl2xO2+x, and Hf1_xTixO2 relative to the oxygen vacancy (Vo) movement involved in low-resistance state (RON) thermal stability. Calculations are performed at the best level using ab initio techniques. This paper provides an insight on the improved RON stability of our Hf1_xAl2xO2+x-based RRAM devices and predicts the degraded retention of Hf1_xTixO2-based RRAM measured in the literature. Our theoretical calculations link the origin of RON retention failure to the lateral diffusion of oxygen vacancies at the constriction/tip of the conductive filament in HfO2-based RRAM.


The weight of a long encoding tradition of the Spanish language has influenced its "exemplary" uses: a type of language, a standard has been constructed, linked to the concept of "educated language". This explains that such a standard acts as a "superstratus" which levels the internal varieties of the language that converge towards it. At the same time it has helped marking the regional uses as dissidences (the "non standard" or "substandard", wether we want it or not, usually acquires connotations linked to the "incorrect" or "vulgar"). The panhispanic character of the new encoding processes of the Spanish language makes it compulsory to establish new relationships between the varieties and the pluricentrical standard, thus generating practical problems. In the case of Andalusian, for example, the problems arise from the intention of normalizing specific regional uses to make them work as "educated andalusian standard".


A growing literature investigates the relationship between ethnic diversity and social trust. Comparative research in the European context employing country-level indicators has predominantly produced inconclusive results. This study examines the relationship between immigration-related diversity and social trust at the sub-national level of European regions. The regional perspective allows the capture of relevant variations in ethnic context while it still generates comparable results for a broader European context. Using survey data from the European Social Survey 2002–2010 merged with immigration figures from the European Labour Force Survey, this study builds upon previous research by testing the relationships between various diversity indicators and social trust in cross-sectional and longitudinal perspective. In addition, it investigates the role of economic and cultural contexts as moderators. The results show that across European regions, different aspects of immigration-related diversity are negatively related to social trust. In longitudinal perspective, an increase in immigration is related to a decrease in social trust. Tests of the conditional hypotheses reveal that regional economic growth and ethnic polarization as a cultural context moderate the relationship. Immigration growth is particularly strongly associated with a decrease in social trust in contexts of economic decline and high ethnic polarization. However, there is some evidence that in contexts of low polarization the relationship is actually positive.


Physicists assume that the origin of gravity is still obscure. However, since more than two centuries the essence of the origin of gravity occurs in scientific papers. The interpretation of this root is not straightforward and telling the whole story requires a solid mathematical model.


This study estimates modified Taylor reaction functions which tackle the real rather than the nominal interest rates for the Euro area as a whole, and separately for the individual member states, before the onset of the current sovereign debt crisis. We show there are significant differences between Taylor reaction functions in the Euro area countries, which cast doubts on the Euro area being an optimal currency area. The results are used to carry out out-of-sample forecasts for the sovereign debt crisis period which show that the ECB has held the interest rate low for most of the countries during the crisis.


Genome‐wide association studies in humans suggest that a large number of alleles, each without a major effect, contribute to the genetics of blood pressure (BP). Our laboratory is focused on establishing a cause‐effect relationship between alleles and BP using rat genetic models of hypertension. Previously, a BP quantitative trait locus (QTL) was mapped within a congenic strain of the Dahl salt‐sensitive (S) rat containing 1.41Mb of rat chromosome 9 (RNO9) introgressed from the Dahl salt‐resistant (R) rat. High resolution mapping was conducted with this congenic strain as the progenitor. Eleven substrains with introgressed segments from 81.8kb to 1.33Mb were developed and tested for BP. The congenic strain with the shortest introgressed segment, S.R(9)INHx3x2Bx1x8 spanning 81.8kb had a significant BP lowering effect (−25, p<0.001) compared to the S rat. The BP of S.R(9)INHx3x2Bx1x8 was further confirmed by both telemetry and tail‐cuff methods. The mean survival of S.R(9)INHx3x2Bx1x8 congenic rats was longer than that of the S by 44 days. Sequencing of the 81.8kb region revealed 371 DNA variants. The 81.8kb segment does not contain any known rat genes. The critical region contains 658bp which is 99.39% identical to a genomic segment on rat chromosome 2 and contains 4 SNPs. Transcripts and proteins encoded by the gene Tns1 located at the 3′ end of this genomic segment on RNO9 and the gene Nup155 located at the 3′ end of the identical genomic segment on RNO2 were both expressed lower in S compared to S.R(INHx3x2Bx1x8). This data suggests that a common regulatory element of Tns1 and Nup155 located within S.R (INHx3x2Bx1x8) could be a candidate BP QTL.


Objective To explore MRI features and clinic significance of the disc between the lumbosacral transitional vertebrae(LSTV)and the sacrum.Methods The MRI and X-ray data from 52 patients with lumbosacral transitional vertebrae,and the average age of 49.3 years,were analyzed.Results The LSTV types ofⅠ,Ⅱ,ⅢandⅣwere 23.1%(12 cases),17.3%(9 cases),48.1%(25 cases)and 11.5%(6 cases)respectively according to the Castellvis classification.The disc between LSTVⅠand the sacrum were significantly less degenerative than the disc immediately above the LSTV,more like the remnant compared with the disc at the other levels.However,the lumbar discs immediately above the LSTV were more significantly degenerative than the disc at the other levels.Conclusions The disc between the LSTV and the sacrum is a kind of remnant and less degenerative,especially in theⅢandⅣtypes,for its'stability between the transitional vertebrae and the sacrum could be preserved by the articulation or bony union between the LSTV and the sacrum through its transverse process,which protect the disc from the degeneration in the long term.


A team of European scientists have developed 'smart' light-emitting tiles, the first to embed electronics and photonics into ceramic materials.


The reaction between manganese nitrate and N,Nʹ-(±)-ethylene-bis(salicylicyclohexanediaminate) ((±)-salcy) in dilute lacunary polyoxoanion [PW9O34]9− solution led to isolation of a new Mn-dimer, [Mn((±)-salcy)(N3)]2 (1). Structural analysis indicates that 1 represents the first salcy-based Mn-dimer complex. Magnetic susceptibility studies reveal that 1 shows single-molecule magnet (SMM) behavior from 2 to 5 K.


A new compact isokinetic probe to measure total water content in a wind tunnel environment has been developed. The probe has been previously tested under altitude conditions. This paper presents a validation of the probe under a range of liquid water conditions at sea level in the NASA Glenn Icing Research Tunnel and with ice crystals at sea level at the NRC wind tunnel. The compact isokinetic probe is compared to tunnel calibrations, hot wire probe and a flight version of the isokinetic probe.


Relational Concept Analysis (RCA) facilitates the discovery of new abstractions in data descriptions including relations. A model driven approach for RCA implementation makes possible to deal with most input data (models) simply by configuring the transformation for the chosen input data type (metamodel). Until now, we only applied this approach to one-level models (mainly class models). In this paper we study RCA applied to bi-levels models, which mix elements and meta- elements (class-instance models, e.g. OWL models). We propose a model hybridisation approach to tackle the encoding problems and we provide a case study showing the results obtained on OWL models.


The Sahara and its margins largely contribute to the global injection of mineral dust into the northern hemisphere, about half of the yearly global mineral dust production. In this study, we have placed a pyramidal receptacle in Mâle (southern Mauritania) during the rainy season 2005 in order to measure daily Saharan dust deposition. The dust quantity collected totals 78.38 g/m2 during the 3 months experimented. Comparing our results to previous works achieved in the southern border of the Sahara shows that the levels of deposition in Mâle are extremely high. This could suggest a continuous environmental degradation resulting from always increasing human pressure.


Oliver Twist first appeared, as is well known, serially in 1837-8 in Bently's 1vascellany under the title `Oliver Twist, or a Parish Boy's Progress', which was later to be retitled `Adventures of Oliver TwisY by the author himself. Tltese two full titles will suggest that the work belongs, together with nLany of hls tales, to the travel stories which form one of the main streams of the Modern Engllsh novel. In the paper `Four Types of Travellers' the writer has c!assified this sort of novels into four, according to the types of the travellers, and among them, this work of Dickens' belongs presumably under the first group; for these two titles reminds us of the two masterpieces of the group, in which he is said to have been indulged in his childkood, namely, Pilgrim's Progress and Adventures of Rodericle Random. Besides, the story itse!f turns out to be one as it is evident that it owes its construction to the first of the merits inherent in the convention, its pattern to the second, and its development depends rnore often than not on contingencies, and adding to that 01iver the traveller is presented not as a hero entitled with the positive r61e to evolve the story on his own account, but as a puppet at the mercy of the author's intention to supply his readers with a point of view through which they come in coRtact with the scenes drawn by him. This story is meant to illustrate, according to the author's preface, LLhe `principle of good sttrviviRg through every adverse circurnstance triumphant ae last,' which reveals its affinity to Pilgrim's Progress suggesting to us that it is meant to be a moral fable rather than an adventure story like Roderick Random. It sometimes occurs, however, that stories of this type, intended to illustrate certain abstract principles are reduced to dull, crude propagandism composed of unnatural plots, merodramatic scenes and dry-as-dust arguments. In his An imtrodacction to the En.crlish Arbvel, Arnold Kettle enumerates two


Abstract In the years 1985–87 a series of surveys for natural enemies of waterhyacinth were conducted in Haryana. A population (1.5 ha) was found heavily affected by a leaf spotting disease at Kurukshetra. Symptoms on the leaves showed lesions of variable size ranging from minute, dark brown lesions to large irregular patches. An Alternaria sp. was isolated from leaf lesions and caused similar disease symptoms when inoculated onto healthy waterhyacinth leaves. On the basis of symptomatology, cultural and morphological characteristics, it was identified as Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler. Waterhyacinth plants when inoculated with Alternaria alternata responded differently to infection depending upon morphotypic state of development (size) of the plant. Disease incidence and severity showed an increasing trend from small, medium to large waterhyacinth leaves.


According to the development of information and communication technology (ICT), many tools of mobile application designed to utilize. It is also activated the development of mobile application in the construction industry and, many tools seek to enhance work efficiency by utilizing ICT and to transform PC-based environments into mobile-based environments. In accordance with this trend, building information modeling (BIM) has now been extended to mobile application. A number of BIM tools are currently available, such as Formit (by Autodesk), BIMx (by Graphisoft) and BIMsight (by Tekla); however, it is limited to model-related functions such as viewer and model revision. Recently, various functions such as communication and cloud-based information sharing have been developed, but user-oriented demand research using tools are not yet available. Therefore, based on a literature review, this study suggests the external variables which affect the use of BIM mobile application tools. This study contributes to the development of user-oriented BIM utilization tools for mobile application.


1 CHAPTER I BACKGROUND ON TAENIA SOLIUM INFECTION 2 CHAPTER II RESEARCH PROBLEM, METHODS AND RESULTS 11 CHAPTER III EVALUATION OF SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM 33 REFERENCES 54


The current mainly circulated HKD is various,so it takes a way of detecting safewire and algorithm of angle image matching based on 8-direction gradient feature under infrared image to distinguish the layout information including denomination,version and direction of the banknote.In the experiments,by the extensive testing,the recognition rate of the layout information reaches a considerable degree.


Our brain interprets observations by computations in the form of imaginations and creating patterns based on distinct networks of interactions. Nevertheless, collective patterns of the immune response as a system are hidden from our brain's spontaneous computations, and should be discovered through research. Nevertheless, highly reductionist approaches hinder the discovery of immunological patterns because of getting lost in the details and seeking for a cause-effect direction. Such reductionist approaches have not been fruitful in offering a cure beyond alleviating the symptoms for immune-related diseases. Recent advances in system biology using big data, deep sequencing at single cell levels, multi-omics and artificial intelligence offer unique opportunities for pattern discovery research in immunology. Here, we provide a new interpretation for the existing data by suggesting that distinct internetwork interactions of the immune cells without any cause-effect direction create distinct immunological patterns manifesting collective functions independent from their cellular constituents. Such immunological patterns emerge from distinct proportions of the immune cell types transforming one another for producing collective functions. Based on empirical data, we propose that discovery of immunological patterns in immune-related diseases could offer better understanding of the immune response as a system as well as novel immune modulatory therapeutics for human diseases.
 This work was supported by the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Health Affairs through the Breast Cancer Research Program under Award No. W81XWH2210793. Opinions, interpretations, conclusions, and recommendations are those of the authors and are not necessarily endorsed by the U.S. Department of Defense.


Herein, we report the first example of two pure organic polymorphs with stimuli-responsive single/dual phosphorescence transformation. By analyzing the crystal structures and theoretical results, it could be understood that efficient intermolecular interactions could restrict the molecular movements and lock distinct molecular conformations, leading to different phosphorescence behaviors. Besides, single/dual phosphorescence could transform into each other by heating or under solvent vapor conditions. Considering such unique properties, logical sensors (AND gate and OR gate) were built by providing different emission colors as inputs. Our work provides not only important information for understanding the dual RTP mechanism but also unique stimuli-responsive pure organic phosphorescent materials to enrich material fields.


To determine the association of body mass index (BMI) with incidence and progression of knee effusion on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and physical examination (PE) in a longitudinal cohort with knee pain.


Objective
To describe a patient with the posterior epidural migration of lumbar intervertebral disc fragment (PEMLIF) and provide systematic literature review , and to analyze the clinical characteristics and treatment of this condition.

Methods
The clinical data of 1 patient with PEMLIF was retrospectively analyzed in combination with related literature. The patient was presented with left leg pain, swelling, and numbness of 20 days duration. The patient was examined by MR imaging. The scan showed a posteriorly sequestered disc fragment at the L4~5 level. Under a general anaesthetic, the patient underwent posterior lumbar decompression with fusion on January 13, 2015. The posteriorly migrated fragment was removed and sent for pathological examination.

Results
Three months post-operation, the clinical symptoms were improved significantly. The strength of left quadriceps was about Ⅳ level and the straight-leg raising test of left leg was negative. In addition, the deep tendon reflexes were present and symmetric. Pathological examination demonstrated that the posteriorly migrated fragment was intervertebral disc.

Conclusions
PEMLIF to the posterior epidural space is a rare event. MR imaging characteristics are difficult to differentiate from cyst, abscess, tumor and hematomas. Enhanced MRI is helpful in differential diagnosis. The diagnosis can be confirmed by pathological examination. Conservative, minimally, open surgery can be selected for treatment. But the therapeutic indications should be master strictly. When cauda equina symptom occurred, an emergency surgery is needed.

Key words:
Nucleus pulposus; Dissociate; Dural sac; Cauda equina symptom


Abstract : The first epitaxial platinum gallium two (PtGa2) films have been grown on gallium arsenide (GaAs)(100) by co-evaporation of the elements under ultra-high vacuum conditions. An electron-beam evaporator and a Knudsen cell were used to produce the platinum and gallium beams, respectively. The resulting films and bulk PtGa2 have been characterized by x-ray diffraction, Auger electron spectroscopy, and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The data confirm the PtGa2 stoichiometry and crystal structure of the films, and demonstrate their chemical stability on GaAs(100). This study supports the contention that PtGa2 can be a suitable, temperature-stable contact material on GaAs substrates. Epitaxial films; Ultra-high vacuum; Chemical stability; Compound semiconductors; Contact degradation; Schottky barrier; Fermi level pinning.


A 64-year-old man complained of pain in his left ankle. For five months, he was treated for it as gout in another hospital. His left ankle was swollen, and roentgenogram revealed erosion on the articular surface of the fibula, narrow joint space, and slight osteoporosis. Tuberculous arhtritis was suspected from the present illness and the roentgenogram. Synovectomy of the left ankle and extirpation of the cyst were performed. From the operative findings, we concluded that it was tuberculosis, which was proven histologically later, and the chemotherapy was started on the fifth postoperative day. Despite the chemotherapy, a sinus tract on the wound did not close, so curettage and arthrodesis of the ankle were performed four months after the first operation. The postoperative course had been satisfactory for five months.Recently, tuberculosis has decreased in number, which often results in delay in time of diagnosis. Chemotherapy has improved treatment of tuberculosis and surgery has become elective in most cases. So, even performing biopsy positively, a correct diagnosis should be made early enough to avoid unnecessary joint destruction.


The use of Anabaena variabilis ATCC 29413 and Synechocystis PCC 6714 as a single-cell proteins (SCP), in addition to Spirulina maxima (SAG B. 84.79) which has already been used for centuries in human feddings, is perfectly alright from the food-physiological aspect, with regard to their amino-acid composition pattern. The cyanobacteria examined have a protein content of the between 42 and 51 percent and a maximal nucleic-acid content of between 3.2 and 8.0 percent by weight. the FAO requirements on the content of essential amino acides are complied with, except for dysteine, methionine and trypotphan. To end with, the paper discusses the unobjectionableness, economy and general acceptance of these cyanobacteria