M comprises less than 10% of all cases of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and has heterogeneous clinical behavior ranging from indolent to very aggressive. The disease is characterized by the presence of t(11;14) and frequently presents at an advanced stage with a male predominance and median age of 64.1 There is currently no standard of care for patients with newly diagnosed MCL, although many fit patients are considered for intensive, Ara-C–containing, induction therapy followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). This approach has resulted in a median time to treatment failure of up to 9 years in studies such as the recently reported MCL Younger study, and similar impressive results have been reported in other studies incorporating Ara-C–containing induction regimens with ASCT.2-5 In addition, currently available novel therapies and those still under investigation have markedly improved outcomes for patients with relapsed disease, resulting in prolonged overall survival (OS) for most patients with MCL, including those who cannot undergo ASCT in first remission.6-11 However, despite recent advances, most patients with MCL will ultimately die of their disease, and very few patients are cured outside of an allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloSCT).12 This review summarizes the currently available data regarding identification of indolent compared with aggressive disease, the role of ASCT in first remission, and the appropriate scenarios in which to use maintenance therapies. DIFFERENTIATING BETWEEN AGGRESSIVE AND LESS AGGRESSIVE MCL Risk Stratification in MCL Identification of low-risk disease and consideration of a watchful waiting approach. Although most patients with MCL will initiate therapy at the time of diagnosis, a subset of patients with indolent disease can be safely observed (Fig. 1). Martin et al first described a cohort of deferred patients at Cornell, where 31 patients who delayed treatment of at least 3 months could be safely monitored for a median of 12 months (range, 4-128 months) without a negative impact on OS.13 In this series, patients with a good performance status and low International Prognostic Index (IPI) score were more likely to receive deferred therapy. Similar series have been presented in abstracts from British Columbia (74 patients), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (91 patients), and an Emory University–led multicenter cohort (71 patients) describing patients deferring therapy for at least 3 months.14-16 In these series, 17% to 29% of patients have pursued deferred therapy with a median time to treatment of 8–35.6 months. Consistent predictors of deferred therapy include good performance status, lack of B-symptoms, and normal lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Additional pathologic factors including Ki67 less than 30% and lack of blastoid morphology have been associated with deferred therapy in some series. Finally, patients with early-stage disease and those with a leukemic COHEN, ZAIN, AND KAHL


We extend the coherent state which possesses definite Abel charge to the state possessing definite non-Abel charge, and construct SU(3) charged and hypercharged coherent states for both boson and fermion. In this way, the fractionally charged and hypercharged quark states can be obtained naturally. Moreover, this formulation also shows that in order to obtain integrally charged and hypercharged hadroh coherent state, one must introduce color quantum number and discuss the SU (6)⊕SUc(3) case.


Ferroelectric ceramic fiber is expected to demonstrate a wide variety of practical applications in industrial fields due to the flexibility and shape anisotropy. Lead-free ferroelectric (Na,K)NbO3 (NKN) fiber was synthesized through electrospinning method using aqueous-based citrate precursor (CP). The morphology of electrospun fibers was observed and the properties of the precursor solution, such as viscosity, electrical conductivity and evaporation rate, were investigated. Addition of ethanol and acetic acid to the solvent of the PVA solution worked well for the electrospinning since both additives could control the electrical conductivity as well as evaporation rate of the CP/PVA prepared solution. The properties of the precursor, especially electrical conductivity and evaporation rate have significant influence on the morphology and homogeneity of the developed fibers. The homogeneous NKN fibers with a single perovskite structure of orthorhombic phase at room temperature and controllable diameter ranging approximately 100 to 1100nm were obtained, indicating that the electrospinning of ferroelectric NKN fiber through CP route was successfully conducted.


. Values, such as freedom and safety, are the core motivations that guide us humans. A prerequisite for creating value-aligned multiagent systems that involve humans and artificial agents is value inference, the process of identifying values and reasoning about human value preferences. We introduce a framework that connects the value inference steps, and motivate why a hybrid intelligence approach is instrumental for its success. We also highlight the multidisciplinary research challenges that hybrid value inference entails.


Most of subway stations are located underground and the number of passengers is far more than that of designed value, therefore the risk of accident is growing bigger and serious damage is expected in case of disaster. In Korea the period of evacuation study is short and numerical and experimental data of evacuation phenomena in subway station is rare. Many egress evaluation depend on foreign commercial S/Ws which are not yet proven its availability in special case such as subway station. In this paper outflow coefficients which are essential in egress evaluation are calculated at train door, stairway and turnstile at 3 most crowed subway stations. This numerical data can be used in prediction of egress evaluation and the result of other prediction methods can be verified with these experimental data


Gives a summary of the major ideas which affect the design of circuit boards. It includes available technologies, and their external characteristics, both indispensible to a circuit designer. The different integration levels and corresponding logic functions, and the production of combination and sequential types of circuit are also covered. Various technology families are outlined and some details are given of their power and speed capabilities and a table illustrates the different integration levels. Logic methods are discussed, with some typical circuits and there is brief discussion of programmable circuits and various available forms of logic. Programmed logic is discussed further, together with microprogramming and the general principles governing electronic circuit design are outlined.


With the basic principle of integrated pest management (IPM) and searching for effective and sustainable alternatives for the management of Spodoptera frugiperda, different biopesticides were evaluated at Main Agricultural Research Station (MARS), UAS Raichur, Karnataka during Kharif 2019 cropping season. The experiment was laid in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and seven treatments. Biopesticides such as Metarhizium rileyi, SfNPV and Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki were found to be the best treatments in reducing the larval population and per cent leaf damage compared to untreated control at five and seven days after two sprays. The yield and cost economics also showed that they were economically viable biopesticides.


This research trace the island named Peng-hu(澎湖), in terms of what kind of geopolitical position it had, and how its status has changed in the turbulent maritime world during the mid 16th century to the late 17th century, especially with consideration given to the relations with Taiwan(臺灣).
Until the middle of the Ming Dynasty, Peng-hu was an island that place on the marginal edge of the empire territory, and it was virtually abandoned place due to the Hong-wu(洪武) emperor's emptying islands policy. Naturally, there was a little traffic with 'barbaric island'-Taiwan. However, the Peng-hu's geopolitical stature had risen drastically on the effects of 'Late wokou(後期倭寇)' and 'the open of Hai-cheng harbor (海澄開港)' after the mid and late 16th century. Ever since, Peng-hu achieved recognition and functioned as a critical point to link the northern and the southern sea routes. Such importance was directly related to the maritime security issues caused by Wokou and the overseas trade opportunity with Manila.
In 1622, VOC tried to occupy Peng-hu, and the Ming firmly took determined action in response. Such event clearly shows the rise of the geopolitical importance of the Peng-hu, where two critical factors overlapped - security concerns and trade opportunities. VOC's aim was to obstruct the Spain-Manila trade route by occupying Peng-hu. The Ming empire actively responded against security threats and the trade damage that could cause by losing of Peng-hu. The confrontation was concluded by which VOC decided to give up Peng-hu and establish a new basement in southwestern Taiwan. The VOC's colonization of Taiwan pushed up this barbaric island to the front stage of the world's history. Meanwhile, Peng-hu had lost the focus of the public attention for a while.
The Zheng regime(鄭氏勢力) conquest Taiwan quite easily, thanks to VOC, which had abandoned Peng-hu. Such a lesson has accepted seriously by both the Zheng regime and the Qing empire. That is why the military confrontation between the Zheng regime and the Qing empire had formed around Peng-hu. Because both regimes recognized the meaning of occupying Peng-hu, as almost the same as Conquest Taiwan. The naval battle of Peng-hu in 1683 was not just an opening stage battle but a pitched battle, in which both sides poured every available resource. Thus, the balance of power tilted toward the Qing empire, when Shi Lang(施瑯)'s fleet defeated Zheng's fleet and occupied Peng-hu.
In the early moment, the interest of the Qing empire for Taiwan was on the 'people' rather than the 'territory'. Nevertheless, the two major contributors of the Taiwan Conquest - Shi Lang and Yao Qi-sheng(姚啓聖) emphasized with one voice the necessity of possessing Taiwan. Among them, Shi Lang sent a memorial called Gong Chen Tai Wan Qi Liu Shu(恭陳臺灣棄留疏), in which Shi Lang argued the imperativeness of terrorizing Taiwan through the history of the last century. Although Shi Lang appealed that Taiwan was an essential military strategical foothold for pacifying coastal provinces, at the same time, he also showed that Peng-hu still remained as a critical point in the new defense system. Shi Lang's Memorial reveals the geopolitical importance of Peng-hu, which had privileged for the last century, has begun to intertwine with the new rising geographical context - Taiwan.


This paper presents eight stories from classical Greek mythology which illustrate economic theories of truth inducement and separating equilibria. Since many students already have some familiarity with Greek mythology, these stories make ideal classroom examples.


Testing for BRCA1/2 gene alterations in patients with high‐grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is a critical determinant of treatment eligibility for poly(adenosine diphosphate‐ribose) polymerase inhibitors in addition to providing vital information for genetic counselling. Many patients present with effusions necessitating therapeutic drainage, and this makes cytologic specimens (CySs) the initial diagnostic material for HGSC, often before histologic sampling. Initiating somatic BRCA testing on a CyS allows the BRCA status to be determined sooner, and this affects clinical management.


This report presents an individualized physical therapy program and the therapeutic results for a 36-year-old man with a posttraumatic left scapular body fracture with minimal displacement and without ribs fractures scapular fracture. Because the glenoid fossa was intact, conservative treatment was recommended. The patient reports arm activities dysfunctions. The rehabilitation was conducted in an outpatient physical therapy clinic from Craiova under direct supervision for 12 weeks. At the end of the follow-up period, the level of pain was considerably decreased. Despite the functional deficit from the beginning of the rehabilitation program, normal function was restored. The patient was fully involved and cooperative during the physical therapy session.


Created an experimental stand for investigation of basic physical parameters of compressed wood pellets, and the relationship of species and size distribution, moisture content of wood raw material source


Based on response after the attack incidents, a method of network attack process analysis by dynamic vulnerability linking is designed. The corresponding color weighted diagraph is setup in dependence on the inference relation of the security holes in the intruded machine. With the vulnerability-log relation matrix, we searched different forensic information sources are searched. The corresponding support value and the remote suspicious host are obtaind. Then the suspicious host in the same way is analyzed. The illustration indicates that this method can get the network attack process rapidly and effectively.


Ever since its first scholarly publication in 1882, the so-called Lesicheri Obelisk located not far from Nicopolis ad Istrum has been discussed in literature as a component of a greater complex of cultic or sepulchral character. The present paper studies the monument as an autonomous structure and attempts to offer a more precise dating for it. The authors discuss the pillar from the perspective of transfer of knowledge and patterns from Bithynia to Thrace in funerary context in the 2nd century AD, and explore the possible connection with elite families involved in emperor worship in both provinces.


Many differential geometric properties of submanifolds of a Kaehler manifold
 are looked into via canonical structure tensors P and F on the submanifold.
 For instance, a CR-submanifold of a Kaehler manifold is a CR-product (i.e.
 locally a Riemannian product of a holomorphic and a totally real
 submanifold) if and only if the canonical tensor P is parallel on the
 submanifold. Since, warped product manifolds are generalized version of
 Riemannian product of manifolds, in this article, we consider the covariant
 derivatives of the structure tensors on a hemi-slant submanifold of a
 Kaehler manifold. Our investigations have led us to characterize hemi-slant
 warped product submanifolds.


All market participants are affected by economic crisis that we have been witnessing the last few years. Consumers are less certain about their wages and employment, and they are forced to change their shopping habits toward buying cheaper products or giving up purchasing certain goods. On the other hand, under such conditions some companies have a fall in sales and consequently generate less income. Others are faced with the loss of markets and customers, while some of them have the ability and strength to successfully adapt to the new circumstances by adjusting their marketing mix. The aim of this paper is to explore the similarities and differences in the performance of the Top 100 companies in the Adriatic Region, and answer the question whether these companies are affected by the economic crisis or immune to it due to a dominant market position and strong brands.


Abstract Sir William Chambers was one of the most important English architects in the eighteenth-century, but both in his day and later his international recognition was closely connected with his admiration for and promotion of Chinese art, particularly Chinese landscaping. Between 1757 and 1773, Chambers published three treatises praising the ingenious mixture of nature and art in a Chinese pleasure ground, criticizing the then influential English gardener Lancelot (Capability) Brown, and trying to goad English garden design into the direction of China. He did not achieve his purposes mainly because he mixed what he knew as genuine about the Chinese gardening art with what he fantasized about it. While recent scholarship has focused on his fantasy, this article examines what Chambers knew or imagined about Chinese landscaping, what he and his detractors were for and against, and how the fiasco of his 1772 and 1773 treatises, which he brought upon himself, nevertheless helped to usher in a new phase in the English reception of Chinese landscaping ideas.


This paper introduced a data management Web application for West Tianshan forest ecosystem research station by accessing the REST service API provided by an IoT big data cloud platform for eco-station management. The Web application manages the retrieved data by observation systems, and provides commonly needed functions including data query, data directory management, data sharing, data visualization and data report for each observation system. This Web application demonstrates the IoT big data cloud platform, with the help of API, is very powerful and versatile, suggesting an easy and fast approach for a single eco-station to develop a management system based on cloud platform. Introduction Ecosystem, as an important part of earth system[1], is the most active subsystem in the earth system, and the core contents of biosphere closely related with human activities [2, 3]. Long-term positioning observation has been an internationally accepted approach for researching, revealing the change of structure and function of ecosystem[4]. Chinese Forestry Ecosystem Research Network (CFERN) as a pioneer was initiated in the late of 1950s and has been developing and improving ever since to cope with the demands of 6 key forestry engineering[5]. Chinese Terrestrial Ecosystem Research Network (CTERN) was founded in 2003 as network research becomes the trends, and CFERN becomes one of several sub-networks including Chinese Wetland Ecosystem Research Network (CWERN) and Chinese Desert Ecosystem Research Network (CDERN). There are over 180 national ecosystem positioning observation stations (hereafter as eco-station) distributed in different climate zones across China under CTERN to date, covering different types of ecosystems. Since the beginning of long-term positioning observation, huge amount of data has been accumulated among eco-stations by manually recording, data logging[6] and IoT (Internet of Things) based automated collecting [7], and these data are of great help to the research and analysis of structure and function changes of ecosystem, shedding lights on the changes of ecosystem and environment[3, 8], the composition, structure and function, as well as the impact of climate change and the feedback from forest ecosystem[4]. However, huge amount of data also brings a lot of issues for researchers and eco-station maintainers. For example, it is very difficult for find those undiscovered information by data mining without an efficient data management scheme and data sharing is unlikely implemented as well[6, 9]. Some attempts tried to address these issues, including proposing concept of digital forest eco-station and its implementation [6], MIS based eco-station management [9], WEB-GIS based information management for forest eco-station[10]. But all these attempts focused only on a single station, not aiming at CFERN, especially when network


The university has different characteristics from other social organizations,such as,relatively independent academic and cultural positioning. The ethical spirit is the soul of the university,its development should have its freedom,independence,inclusion,innovation and people-oriented spirit of ethics,and the ethical spirit becomes the inner spiritual support of the modern university system. While the university system provides institutional guarantee for its ethics spirit,ethical spirit and the university development system jointly promote the development of the university. The cultivation of ethical spirit of the university development has some important significance on the current construction of the modern university system.


We have made calorimetric measurements of the enthalpies of solution of gibbsite, Al(OH)3(cr), in aqueous sodium hydroxide solutions at five temperatures from 100 to 150 °C. Results of these measur...


X-ray and optical observations have shown that the supernova explosions and stellar winds of the starburst in NGC 2146 produce an outflow of hot material along the minor axis. This outflow is expected to have a more or less conical shape, on either side of the galactic plane, and cone walls of cooler material where the outflow is in shock contact with halo gas. We attempt to determine the geometry (diameter at the base and opening angle) and the physical parameters (velocity and density) of the material in the cone walls from the optical emission line and radio observations presented here, and from published X-ray, radio, and optical observations. We compare the outflow of NGC 2146 with the outflow of M 82.


The article reviews the salient features of the US policy and its historical development. Details are given of the present tax schemes and the use of toll roads to raise funds; federal aided roads must be toll free. The creation of a Federal Highway Trust Fund in 1956, where user charges were dedicated to highway purposes was most significant. The Trust Fund and federal aid programmes were operated on a pay-as-you-go basis. Aid from the Trust Fund is now available to finance mass transit schemes in large cities and federal aid is provided for rehabilitating and reconstructing interstate highways. At present, the amount of federal aid is decided by an extensive legislation and financial process and has to be augmented by state or local government funds for the construction of highways. Examples are given of the method used to allocate and distribute federal aid amongst the states. The legislative economic and institutional systems affecting highways and highway financing are very similar in the two countries, but aid in India is not conditioned by a stated policy or by legislation. There is also a great difference in the economic development of the two countries which influence the relative priorities given to road transportation. The author suggests that although the US system may not be completely suitable for India, it should be used as a starting point and then be refined to suit India's requirements. (TRRL)


The long term behaviour of epoxy resin subjected to high alternating electrical stress was studied using optical magnifications of up to 1500, a scanning electron microscope, and a high sensitivity discharge detector. The formation of voids in initially void-free specimens was investigated when voltages of duration between ten seconds and several thousand hours were applied using a pin-plane configuration. Defects in epoxy resins, mechanisms of their electrical aging, and their long term dielectric strength are discussed in relation to the phenomenon of void growth.


The main problems of timely detection of defects on sheet metal by means of technical vision are considered. In the course of the analysis, it was found that artificial neural networks of a typical structure do not allow to reduce the influence of real production factors on digital flaw detection images, and the quality of defect detection will be quite high. A neural network of a special structure has been created and specialized algorithms have been developed based on the created network.


Appropriate protein sources are vital for the growth, development and health of neonates. Twenty–four 2–day–old piglets were randomly divided into three groups and fed isoenergetic and isonitrogenous diets. The experimental diets included a milk replacer with 17.70% whey protein concentrate (WPC group), a milk replacer with 6% spray–dried porcine plasma isonitrogenously substituting WPC (SDPP group), and a milk replacer with 5.13% soy protein isolate isonitrogenously substituting WPC (SPI group). Neonatal piglets were fed milk replacer from postnatal day 2 (PND 2) to day 20 (PND 20). The growth performance, intestinal morphology, activities of digestive enzymes, plasma biochemical parameters, immunity–related genes, short–chain fatty acids (SCFA) and intestinal microbiota in the colonic chyme were determined. The results showed that SDPP–fed piglets had higher final BW (p = 0.05), ADG (p = 0.05) and F/G (p = 0.07) compared with WPC– and SPI–fed piglets, and SDPP–fed piglets had a lower diarrhea index (p < 0.01) from PND 2 to PND 8. SDPP–fed piglets had an increased ileal villus height (p = 0.04) and ratio of villus height to crypt depth (VCR) (p = 0.02), and increased activities of sucrase (p < 0.01), lactase (p = 0.02) and trypsin (p = 0.08) in the jejunum, compared with WPC– and SPI–fed piglets. Furthermore, SPI–fed piglets had an increased mRNA expression of IL-6 (p < 0.01) and concentration of plasma urea (p = 0.08). The results from LEfSe analysis showed that SDPP–fed piglets had a higher abundance of beneficial Butyricicoccus compared with WPC– and SPI–fed piglets, in which higher abundances of pathogenic bacteria such as Marinifilaceae, Fusobacterium and Enterococcus were observed. Moreover, SDPP–fed piglets had an increased concentration of butyric acid (p = 0.08) in the colonic chyme compared with WPC– and SPI–fed piglets. These results suggest that neonatal piglets fed milk replacer with SDPP partially substituting WPC had improved growth performance and intestinal morphology and function, associated with higher digestive enzyme activity and fewer pathogenic bacteria.


After expounding the formation and continuity of competitive advantage from different sides, which includes "Resource-based Theory", "Capability-based Theory "and "Knowledge-based Theory". From the angle of recessive knowledge, the author discusses the formation and continuity of competition advantage, and tries to offer the theoretical support for enterprises to attain competition advantage based on knowledge.


The invention relates to a method for Uber means of digital data, and an integrated circuit having data storage and at least one computing unit, can access the computing unit for processing data stored in the data memory on these, and at least one test interface (2), which data in the can write data memory and read therefrom, and wherein the at least one test interface (2) for transmitting and receiving data of different categories of content for each content category in each case a signal line (5, 6). To reduce the number of necessary for communication with the test interface pins or pads is proposed that the integrated circuit (1) comprises an interface module (7) with a serial interface (8) for receiving and transmitting data, and the interface module (7 ) is connected to the signal lines (5, 6) for transmitting the data from the various content categories with the test interface (2).


Managing exchange rate risk exposure has gained prominence in the last decade as a result of the unusual occurrence of a large number of currency crises. From the corporate management perspectives currency risk management is increasingly viewed as a product approach to reducing a bank or firm's vulnerabilities from major exchange rate movement. This attitude has also been reinforced by recent international attention to both accounting and balance sheet risk. This study there assesses the impact of exchange rate risk on bank performance in Nigeria. The study employs the usage of secondary sources of information and utilises an auto regression conditional model as means for measuring risk. The model specified the conditional variance as a deterministic function of lagged squared residual. The study revealed that unit increases in exchange rate is driven by an increase in profit after tax (PAT) and equally indicated that there is a significant relationship between exchange rate management and performance of financial institutions, most especially banks. It is recommended that as an effective way of managing exchange rate risk, bank should create a centralized entity within its operations as an institutional strategy to deal with the practical aspects of the execution of exchange rate forecasting, while the hedging approach mechanism should be adopted in the accounting procedure regarding currency risk. Also the type of exchange rate risk that a bank or firm is exposed to, as well as the measurement of the associated risk exposure must be meticulously identified, as a prerequisite for effective management of exchange risk. Keywords : Banks, Exchange Rate, Exchange Risk, Performance, Purchasing Power Parity


The application field of high power semiconductor lasers is growing rapidly and covers e.g. solid state laser pumping, metal and plastic welding, hard and soft soldering, suface treatment and others. Preferably those applications are attractive, which do not require extremely high beam quality. We have investigated high power diode-laser bars from 808 nm to 980 nm. The scope of this presentation is on focusability and beam quality. For better beam shaping structures with reduced fill factor of 25% to 30% were developed. They were operated in continuous wave operation at power levels of up to 55 W. Tests indicate extrapolated lifetimes of more than 100,000 hours at 40 W at 980 nm cw and about 10,000 hours at 45 W - 50 W at 940 nm and 808 nm. Monolithically stacked NonostacksR were investigated. Operation up to 100°C with excellent lifetimes could be demonstrated. New concepts and applications for low mode number high power diode lasers like tapered laser bars are presented. Examples for various current areas of interest in European research facilities will be given.


For reliable and safe operation of Lithium-ion batteries using in electric or hybrid vehicles, diagnosis of the battery aging states is necessary. But one of the biggest challenges is which indicator can be used to show the battery state-of-health (SOH), otherwise, temperature is the most important external impact factor influencing the value of the indicator, and, furthermore, the performance of Lithium-ion battery used in electric vehicle. In this paper, the application-driven research method is adopted to reveal the fading law of Lithium-ion battery, and the degradation characteristics under the Electric Vehicle (EV) mode and the Plug-in electric vehicle (PHEV) mode are all discussed based on the analysis of the accelerated testing results. And the indicator related to the measurement of the battery SOH is discussed, then we go further to discussed the affection mode and internal mechanism of temperature on the indicator of capacity and internal resistance, which is analyzed qualitatively based on the accelerated life testing results. As the clean energy vehicles become more and more popular in the world, studies in this field will be a hot spot and significant in the future.


Observations of seismic anisotropy can provide direct constraints on the character of mantle flow in subduction zones, critical for our broader understanding of subduction dynamics. Here we present over 750 new SKS splitting measurements in the vicinity of Mount St. Helens in the Cascadia subduction zone using a combination of stations from the iMUSH broadband array and Cascades Volcano Observatory network. This provides the highest density of splitting measurements yet available in Cascadia, acting as a focused "telescope" for seismic anisotropy in the subduction zone. We retrieve spatially consistent splitting parameters (mean fast direction Φ: 74°, mean delay time ∂t: 1.0 s) with the azimuthal occurrence of nulls in agreement with the fast direction of splitting. When averaged across the array, a 90° periodicity in splitting parameters as a function of back azimuth is revealed, which has not been recovered previously with single‐station observations. The periodicity is characterized by a sawtooth pattern in Φ with a clearly defined 45° trend. We present new equations that reproduce this behavior based upon known systematic errors when calculating shear wave splitting from data with realistic seismic noise. The corrected results suggest a single layer of anisotropy with an ENE‐WSW fast axis parallel to the motion of the subducting Juan de Fuca plate; in agreement with predictions for entrained subslab mantle flow. The splitting pattern is consistent with that seen throughout Cascadia, suggesting that entrainment of the underlying asthenosphere with the subducting slab is coherent and widespread.


SCAPE combines light-sheet optical sectioning with confocal de-scanning to produce very high-speed 3D imaging in a versatile single-objective geometry. SCAPE can image awake behaving mouse brain, zebrafish heart and crawling Drosophila larvae at 10-20 volumes-per-second.


Living systems communicate with their surroundings by sensitive (chemo) receptors. In these chemoreceptor systems molecular recognition and signal transduction, including amplification, are performed by biochemical reactions. The high selectivity and adaptable sensitivity of the biological receptors have attracted the interest of analytical chemists. However, one important drawback of biological receptors is their limited life time and the destruction of the receptor after the recognition process. Therefore, the introduction of immobilized enzymes and immunocomponents, which may be reusable, has been a marked contribution of enzyme technology for exploiting biological components in analytical systems. The biocatalysts used in these sensors so far have only one function, namely the specific molecular recognition of the analyte; whereas signal transduction and amplification have been performed by electrochemical and electronic devices. The present paper demonstrates how coupled enzymatic reactions can lead to improved analytical performance of biosensors. Amperometric biosensors for the determination of about 80 different substances have been described in the scientific and patent literature. Analyzers based on enzyme electrodes for the determination of glucose, galactose, uric acid, choline, ethanol, lysine, lactate, sucrose, lactose, and a-amylase activity have been commercialized,' starting in 1976 with the Roche Lactate Analyzer (TABLE 1). Linear calibration curves of these sensors usually extend over two to three decades, with a detection limit of 10 to 100 micromolar concentrations. This sensitivity is high enough for determination of the compounds mentioned above, using 10-100 pl sample volumes. The precision of the measurements is reflected by coefficients of variation of around 1%. The most evident advantage of enzyme electrodes is their negligible enzyme consumption; this typically is in the range of a few milliunits per sample. In addition to the resulting reduction of reagent costs, an important advantage of amperometric biosensors may be a considerable simplification of the measuring device. Some enzyme electrodes combine dialyzer, reactor, and electrochemical detector so as to minimize time-consuming transport processes. These apparatus advantages are especially effective in flow devices. Nevertheless, enzyme electrodes have not yet found general application in clinical chemistry and fermentation control. In order to achieve a broad acceptance in routine analytical operations, simplification of operation, expansion of measurable parameters, adaptation of sensitivity, and improvement in specificity have to be realized. Coupled enzyme reactions may be an important tool in the development of a new sensor generation that will meet these challenges. The biocomponent of such a sensor will not only be responsible for the specific recognition but will also be involved in signal processing, e.g. by amplification or by chemical filtering. Thus, an improved chemical signal will be transmitted to the transducer.


The global third sector is at a turning point, confronting challenges for change. Studies on development and transformation of global NGOs, both international comparative studies of several nations and researches on individual countries, reveal that the nongovernmental sectors (NGS) vary between countries in scope, scale and function. Like its counterparts around the world, Hong Kong's NGS is undergoing profound transformation, which is greatly influenced by the global trend toward New Public Management (NPM) reform in the public sector. It has been more than a decade since the Hong Kong government introduced a series of market-oriented reforms in the welfare sector. It is time to review the influences of these reforms on NGOs, in order to reflect on these reforms and make better plans for the future development of the welfare sector in Hong Kong.


Objective To evaluate the tolerance and safety of Tongshuanjiuxin tablet in healthy volunteers,and assess the safety range of its clinical use in phase Ⅱ clinical trial.Methods Between January and April 2009,38 healthy volunteers were randomly divided into five single-dose groups(3,6,8,10,and 15 tablets respectively) and a continuousdose group(2 or 3 tablets per time,three times a day,for seven days).The safety profile and tolerance were evaluated by observing vital signs,laboratory test results,clinical symptoms and adverse reactions.Results Mi1d adverse reactions such as slight headache,dizziness or nausea,appeared in continuous-dose group and single-dose group(8,15 tablets,each group had one case of mild adverse reaction).All these reactions were relieved automatically.Conclusions Healthy body has a good tolerance for Tongshuanjiuxin tablet,and it is safe to use this drug except slight headache or nausea.The recommended dose is 2 tablets or 3 tablets per time,three times a day in phase Ⅱ clinical tria1.


Year-class formation in fishes is poorly understood because of the difficulty of estimating abundance of fish larvae. The purpose of the research was to describe the temporal and spatial distribution of gizzard shad larvae (Dorosoma cepedianum) in Lake Carl Blackwell (LCB), Oklahoma, to provide a basis for future efforts at sampling larvae of this important forage fish in reservoirs. Larvae were sampled with a net (mouth 0.20 m2) towed in front of a boat at night at depths of 0 (surface), 3, 5 and 7 m between April and July 1977. Wind direction and velocity, cited by other workers as decisive in determining fish larval distribution, were related to patterns of larval abundance. Larvae were captured by the gear at a length of ca. 5 mm, but were not captured after they reached slightly more than 15 mm about 10 weeks later. Larval density was highest ca. 100 m-3 during late May and early June. Larvae were captured near the surface at the outset and were apparently passively distributed by winds. However, the rest of the time they were most abundant at 3 m, near the compensation point, suggesting maintenance of a preferred position in the water column. Estimates of larval shad density taken offshore were the same as estimates nearshore in areas of the lake with either very high or low densities. The dendritic configuration of the lake basin precluded prediction of horizontal or vertical patterns of distribution of shad larvae. We conclude that accurate estimates of density will be possible only by intensively sampling all areas of the lake throughout the season. Therefore, it is likely that stratified random sampling programs for shad larvae are not now reasonable for dendritic lakes such as LCB.


Aim. The aim of this study was to determine whether the relationship among the nursing work environment, psychological resilience, and transition shock was mediated by nurses' perceived professional benefits and to explore the associations among these variables. Background. Nurses' transition shock is an important factor in reducing the nursing staff turnover rate. Thus, clarifying the factors influencing nurses' transition shock has become a priority. Methods. Cross-sectional research was used in this study. A total of 200 newly graduated Chinese nurses were recruited by convenience sampling in 2022 from three tertiary hospitals in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei. Data were collected through questionnaires and included demographic data in addition to the perceived professional benefit scale of nurses, the nursing work environment scale, the brief resilience scale, and the transition shock scale. The data were analysed using SPSS 25.0 and the SPSS PROCESS macro programme, Model 6. Results. The perceived professional benefit of new nurses, the nursing work environment, and psychological resilience directly influenced transition shock (

 p
 <
 0.01

 ). The perceived professional benefit of new nurses mediated the relationship among the nursing work environment, psychological resilience, and transition shock (

 p
 <
 0.01

 ). The final model's mediating influence contributed 21.53% and 6.85% to the total influence. Conclusion. Nursing managers can improve nurses' perceptions of professional benefits from psychological resilience and the nursing work environment to reduce the impact of transition from school to work for new nurses. Implications for Nursing Management. This study provides a reference for the development of intervention strategies and training programmes to assist new nurses in cancer hospitals in effectively navigating the transition into their careers. In the future, appropriate training methods should be used at the individual cognitive, psychological, and organizational levels to improve the physical and mental health of new nurses and their ability to provide high-quality patient care.


Purpose – This paper aims to investigate changes in psychological well‐being over time for individuals who experienced a career disruption in the form of a company closing, and to examine the relationships between employability, well‐being, and job satisfaction. It seeks to expand on previous work of job loss relative to the long‐term impact of the experience and on Fugate et al.'s psycho‐social conceptualization of employability.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected at the time of job loss (T1) and six years later (T2). The 73 respondents at T2 represent a stratified random sample of the T1 respondents. Hypotheses were tested with paired sample t‐tests and hierarchical multiple regression.Findings – Results indicate that the negative psychological impact of job loss diminishes over time. Additionally, employability predicted well‐being and job satisfaction.Practical implications – The results of the study provide guidance for the design and administration of outplacement and related programs ...


The article is devoted to the problem of professional orientation issue and its inclusion into the educational process within the frames of competence approach. The results of the students poly-professional orientation competence research on the Resource center basis are discussed.


[A]ccounting is no longer to be regarded as a neutral device that merely documents and reports "the facts" of economic activity. Accounting can now be seen as a set of practices that affects the type of world we live in, the type of social reality we inhabit [. . .] the way in which we administer the lives of others and ourselves. —Peter Miller, "Accounting as Social and Institutional Practice: An Introduction"


This paper applies revenue management ways of aviation industry to the hospital outpatients appointments. Considering the uncertainty of actual demand of patients on the outpatients ability and the noshow situation of the patients, adopting the model of adjustable robust optimization can overcome the dependence of the traditional optimization methods on assumption and strict estimation. Robust optimization model can compensate the shortcomings of the traditional random optimization and the method of demand distribution estimation, which provides a reference method for the formulation of pre-sale strategy of the hospital outpatient appointment. At the same time, using the revenue management to help us to better meet the needs of different patients, and improve the actual income of hospital.


According to the application requirements of wind speed measuring equipment in surface wind fields,the main performance indexes of wind speed measuring standard equipment,flow stability,flow turbulence,flow drift angle and wind tunnel noise,were tested one by one in testing phase and the test results were analyzed.It was proved that the main performance indexes meet the design demands.


The invention provides a wireless intelligent control system of a new energy streetlamp, relating to an intelligent system capable of controlling the new energy streetlamps, such as wind energy and solar energy streetlamps. The wireless intelligent control system is characterized by comprising an intelligent streetlamp controller, a wireless communication module, a wireless networking module and a remote control platform. According to the wireless intelligent control system, all relatively-independent new energy streetlamps are integrated into an inseparable system by a wireless network; a central control unit can be used for monitoring the working state of the streetlamp and the whole operation of the system, and can be used for effectively controlling when necessary; the system can be operated stably, and the flexibility, the practicality, the applicability and the like of the system are greatly improved; the brightness of an LED (Light Emitting Diode) streetlamp can be adjusted through remote control and parameter modification of the remote control platform and stepless regulation of the brightness of the LED lamp of the intelligent controller according to a road traffic flow condition; and fault streetlamps can be detected and diagnosed online, and the positions of the fault streetlamps, and fault reasons and parts can be accurately positioned. The wireless intelligent control system has the advantages of systematization and intelligentization.


The importance of innovation in higher education is recognised in South African educational discourse. The South African White Paper on Science and Technology, issued in September 1996 and entitled, Preparing for the 21st Century, states that, "... the White Paper is built upon the twin concepts of 'innovation' and a 'national system of innovation'". The National Plan for Higher Education (2001) recently unveiled by the Ministry of Education, also places great emphasis on innovation. Innovation is regarded as the key to knowledge production and processing, while the future of any nation is seen to be determined by its ability to convert knowledge into wealth and the social or public good. In this article we want to argue that innovation in higher education goes beyond the formal systems of innovation done in universities and industrial research and development laboratories. For proper development to occur in the South African context, we would maintain that indigenized African innovations and knowledge systems would also have to be taken into account in higher education curricula. South African Journal of Higher Education Vol.17(2) 2003: 40-45


Via the need for a Web system to improve the administrative processes of the Company "Maintenance SA", located in Canton Machala, El Oro Province, have spotlighted the anomalies within the company because its procedures manually generate it which resulted in an unsatisfactory care. With these difficulties present the company saw the need to adapt a system to help, facilitate and monitor existing procedures in the administrative area in order to ensure better service to customers who come in search of our services, which can realize the big decisions that will guide and implement towards efficient management. By implementing this system is one of the methodologies called RAD, allowing a quick way to convert graphical interfaces to acceptable designs for an eventual developer, using the programming language PHP, canvas HTML5 animations applied labels and to manage data used engine MySql database. It is intended that the implementation of this dynamic system detected immediate improvements in administrative processes, enabling improved delivery of services with the sole aim of keeping abreast of the processed information to customers and workers of each of the activities and policies to be expressed thus strengthening the communication channels automatically and virtual, it should be emphasized that currently the Information Technology and Communication (ICT) are considered important because they are generally present in all areas which makes this its indispensable system usability in the company.


Abstract Brexit has been at the centre of the last two British elections and the past legislative term. The UK's exit from the European Union was characterized by a series of parliamentary setbacks, with several government defeats, continuous rebellions and cross-party agreements made to secure control of the agenda. In the research reported in this article, we analyse the parliamentary Brexit process through careful examination of the 12 indicative votes held in Westminster in 2019 to find an alternative solution to Theresa May's exit agreement. We map the choices of each MP along two relevant dimensions, connecting them to the socioeconomic structure of their constituencies as well as to the preferences expressed in the 2016 Brexit referendum. Moreover, we associate these parliamentary behaviours – and thus MPs' attitudes towards compromise and responsiveness – to the gains and losses experienced during the subsequent 2019 general election.


Because of a dysfunctional growth hormone (GH) receptor there is an absence of GH-dependent gene expression in the sex-linked dwarf chicken. Therefore, a comparison of mRNAs expressed in normal and dwarf chickens should lead to the identification of mRNAs that are regulated by GH action. We have compared gene expression in normal and dwarf chickens using the mRNA differential display technique. A combination of three anchored oligo dT primers and 15 random decamers were used to detect at least 75 differentially expressed mRNAs. One of these, designated GHRG-1, hybridizes to a 0.9 kb transcript found only in liver and in normal chickens shows a pattern of developmental expression which parallels the plasma GH profile. A GHRG-1 cDNA clone was isolated that encodes a 120 amino acid peptide with no homology to any known gene. Sequence of the promoter from a genomic clone shows a region with strong similarity to the GH response element identified in the serine protease inhibitor gene, Spi 2.1. These results suggest that GHRG-1 is a novel GH regulated gene.


As biologists, we all are familiar with the concept of evolution. For the last several years, there has been discussions about the how and whys for the recent changes in the AP Biology Curriculum. The changes were driven by the higher education community to ensure the revised AP Biology course is equivalent to a two-semester college introductory biology course. However, these changes hit many teachers like punctuated equilibrium compared to the gradualism model of speciation. The well-discussed and debated redesign of the AP Biology Curriculum rolled out this year and the first "new" AP Exam is in May. I am ready to "embrace the change."

Every AP Biology teacher has struggled with the balance of breath of coverage and the depth of understanding. Gone is the traditional "content coverage" model of instruction to one that focuses on four "big ideas", and under each big idea there are "enduring understandings" and "essential knowledge" content to support each big idea. The change in emphasis allows students to spend less time on factual recall …


SUMMARY

The one-dimensional (1-D) image analysis system described in the companion to this paper (Part I) was used to analyse horizontal sections of pore space (≥ 180 μm) in four forest soil profiles with impeded drainage. Parameters were interpreted with respect to structure in the images. Mean solid intercept length is inversely proportional to extent of pore space. It was longer for blocky structures than massive structures, which had extensive, fine pore space. It decreased with decreasing ped size, increasing development and increasing intrapedal porosity. The solid intercept length distribution separated the effects of intrapedal porosity. For blocky structures, the pore intercept length distribution indicated the sizes and quantities of fissures and intrapedal pores. All profiles had an horizon with blocky structure with lower porosity owing to greater distance between interpedal pore space and low extent of intrapedal pore space. The deeper, more massive horizons had extensive, fine pore space separating fine aggregates.


A topology structure of the fault-tolerant parallel inverter applied to micro-grid has been proposed in this paper. In normal operation state, two parallel inverters run stably. The structure of the fault-tolerant inverter is reconstructed after failure. The reconfiguration of the fault-tolerant inverter results in the phase voltage deviation and the circulating current between the two parallel inverters. The circulating current between the parallel inverters is reduced greatly by increasing the inverter filter capacitor value to support the DC side voltage. Simulation results verify the validity and effectiveness of the proposed topology structure.


Rates of ovarian cancer fell between 2002 and 2012 in the European Union (10%, age adjusted) and the USA (16%), according to an analysis based on theWorld Health Organization database (AnnOncol doi:10.1093/annonc/mdw306). Places with lower baseline rates, such as Latin America and Japan, also saw decreases, although smaller. The authors assert that "the main reason for the favourable trends is the use of oral contraceptives," and go on to predict further reductions.Minerva frowns when correlation is dressed as causation, and likewise discourages all prediction. Goddesses have seen so much.


The lack of water is a fundamental issue for survival of peasant communities located at heights above 3200 masl in the Andean highlands, such as in the case of the Galte-Yaguachi community in central Ecuador. The social balance, agricultural development as well as animal subsistence and finally the economic income is pending on the availability of hydric resources. Therefore, a three-dimensional fog collector system was constructed with Urku Yaku material in order to provide water for the close-by community. Simultaneously, we determined the quality of the collected water per square meter of the mesh, during the period of the highest annual precipitations. The installed nets yielded a gain of at least 2.63 L/m2 and a minimum of 0.65 L/m2 per day. The analyzed water quality reflected the suitability for human consumption. As water collection has been successful, an expansion of the proposed system may provide this fundamental good also to other communities with similar characteristics. Fog catcher towers will produce 26,577.84 m3/year of water, fulfilling crops' needs, and the economic analysis proves it is worth the investment, as demonstrated by a benefit cost ratio of 1.90.


More than 20 field experiments designed with the "3414" plan were carried out in Huxian County and Zhouzhi County,Guanzhong Plain,Shaanxi during 2008 and 2009 to evaluate the nitrate nitrogen(NO3-N) accumulation in soil profiles after harvesting winter wheat;and its relationship with the apparent N budget in soil was also studied.The results show that the amounts of NO3-N accumulation in the soil profiles and their extents to leach into the deeper soil layers are increased significantly as the nitrogen fertilizer usage increased.When the N fertilizer rate reaches to 180-240 kg/ha,positive budget of nitrogen in soil is observed in some experiment sites,and when N fertilizer rate reaches to the 270-360 kg/ha,positive budget of nitrogen in soil is observed in all experiment sites.There is a positive correlation between the apparent balances of soil N and the accumulation of NO3-N in soil profiles(0-2 m).This indicates the amount of NO3-N in the soil profile is mainly determined by the apparent N budget balances in soil.The NO3-N accumulation in the soil profile is increased about 62.5 kg/ha with each 100 kg/ha increase of apparent N budget in soil.


In the introduction of this book, Richard Broomfield provides the mind with a vivid description of the Asperger's child, whilst encapsulating what many past publications have missed: that the clinical description of the Asperger's child is only a small part of who that child is. There is a clear message (which continues through the book), that thinking beyond the behavioural phenotypes of the child is where you will find a better understanding of the daily encounters that person has. Broomfield bullet points clear themes in the introduction which are then reflected upon throughout the proceeding chapters. Rather than these themes focusing upon the Asperger stereotypes, he presents statements such as; 'Children with Asperger's differ from every other child with or without Asperger's' (page 8). This provides a solid introduction that the Asperger's child is not different from the neuro-typical child, but that every child, Asperger or otherwise is different to each other. Indeed, thinking from the mind of the Asperger's child is a theme which continues throughout this book, forming a basis then for planning supports and mechanisms for forming relationships, supporting communications and interactions and the flexible thinking for the young person. The clear message is that by understanding better the person with Asperger's, we can support to improve their quality of life. Broomfield states that his goals for the book are based upon his years of experience working as a psychologist with children with Asperger's Syndrome; he wants to share his experience and knowledge to support to educate parents and teachers of the Asperger's child by 'deeply appreciating what Asperger's is like for and to the child himself or herself' (page 12). The book is then presented in 18 short chapters, which reflect not only the individual difficulty areas which an Asperger's child may face, but a list of practical advice and interventions to support that area. Broomfield takes us on a journey to help to formulate the whole picture of the child with Asperger's, starting with the view of the child with Asperger's, the parent's and then teacher's views. Each of these chapters provides their own angle upon the emotional stresses and impacts and the experiences of the Asperger's child, and the frustrations and difficulties in supporting them. Broomfield does not claim to be more knowledgeable than the parent or teacher of the child, but rather provides an empathetic description of what is faced by them. The proceeding chapters then each provide a brief clinical description of skills deficits and difficulties faced by the Asperger's child. Although these descriptions prove useful in the understanding of such areas, they are revolutionary in the list of strategies and interventions that they provide to aid the support of the child, all with the child as the centre focus. When contemplating creating a safe place for the child, advice such as 'Listen to the child', 'Watch the child' and 'Try it. If you talk a bit loud, try a bit softer. If you move a bit Education 3–13, 2014 Vol. 42, No. 4, 450–455


The metabolism of radiolabelled alosetron was studied in rat, dog, rabbit, mouse and human. The metabolism in rat and dog was studied at a low and an elevated dose designed to generate sufficient quantities of metabolite for definitive identification. A strategy for the characterization of metabolites in cases of extensive metabolism was developed and demonstrated for alosetron. Semi–preparative high–performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and liquid chromatography–nuclear magnetic resonance (HPLC–NMR) enabled the isolation and characterization of 28 metabolites of alosetron. The characterization of the metabolites in animal excreta facilitated the identification of human systemic metabolites.


The characteristics of summer convective and stratiform precipitation in southern China are investigated based on measurements by TRMM Precipitation Radar(PR)from 1998 to 2007.Results indicate that the frequency of stratiform precipitation is two times higher than that of convective precipitation,but the conditional rain rate of convective precipitation is nearly four times larger than that of stratiform precipitation,which result in the two types of precipitation have the same contribution to total rain.The distributions of both convective and stratiform precipitation suggest remarkable regionality.The frequency of convective precipitation reaches the peak in the afternoon over most of southern China,while the frequency of stratiform precipitation distributes mildly.The diurnal cycles of convective and stratiform precipitation profiles are mainly displayed in the variation of "storm top",namely,the variation of precipitation cloud depth.Moreover,the profiles of two types of precipitation over different regions are obviously distinct.The cross sections of two types of precipitation not only show that the variation of the "storm top" of convective precipitation is much sharper than that of stratiform precipitation,but also show the diurnal cycle of the conditional rain rate of stratiform precipitation is sharper than that of convective precipitation.The conditional rain rate of stratiform precipitation changes more significantly among different regions.


Purpose. To reveal the peculiarities of yield formation and processability of sugar beet roots in the conditions of the Steppe of Ukraine through optimizing the cultivation technology.
Methods. The field experiment was conducted in the years 2020–2021 in the conditions of Chkalov Agrocompany LLC (Kirovohrad region). A drought-resistant diploid sugar beet hybrid 'Magister' (SESVanderHave) was grown against the background of the application of a moisture retainer (without hydrogel and hydrogel Aquasorb, 300 kg/ha) and different fertilization systems [without fertilizers – control; manure, 20 t/ha; N170P180K350; Leonardyt, 400 kg/ha; Parostok-20, 400 kg/ha]. Organic and mineral fertilizers (PK) were applied in autumn under plowing, while nitrogen component was applied under early spring cultivation. The adsorbent was applied to the soil two weeks before sowing the crop locally in the zone of the row to be, based on the data of the GPS tracker. The rest of the agricultural activities carried out were generally accepted components of cultivation technology in the research area.
Results. As a result of rather difficult weather conditions in 2020, the yield of root crops was only 30.3 t/ha on average in the experiment. The lowest level yield (26.0 t/ha) was obtained in the plots of both controls without fertilizer, while the application of 20 t/ha of manure yielded 29.0–30.0 t/ha. The mineral system (N170P180K350), despite its significantly lower efficiency in the treatment without Aquasorb hydrogel (31.0 t/ha), when it was applied to the soil before sowing the crop, ensured the maximum productivity of sugar beets – 34.0 t/ha. In addition, against the background of the hydrogel, the effectiveness of Leonardyt and Parostok-20 increased significantly – yield increases by 7.0 and 6.0 t/ha, respectively. The maximum content of sugars in roots was noted under the mineral fertilization system against the background of Aquasorb hydrogel – 16.3 against 15.0% in the control. However, in the same treatment, the highest content of α-amine nitrogen was also obtained, which significantly reduces the yield of sugar at the factory. In 2021, due to favorable weather conditions during the crop vegetation, the yield of root crops was 55.6 t/ha on average in the experiment, which is almost twice as high as the previous year. As predicted, the lowest yield was obtained in the treatments without fertilizers – 49.7–50.2 t/ha, with manure application – 50.7–53.3 t/ha. Significantly higher, however, unlike in 2020, the indicators for the mineral fertilizer system were 56.9–58.1 t/ha. The most effective from the point of view of the formation of sugar beet productivity were Leonardyt and Parostok-20 yielding 58.1–58.6 and 59.2–61.6 t/ha, respectively. The maximum sugar content of roots was ensured by the use of Parostok-20 fertilizer, both on the background of Aquasorb hydrogel and without it (17.8% compared to control 15.8%).
Conclusions. Weather conditions during the vegetation of sugar beets are the most significant factor that determines the level of their productivity, as well as the effectiveness of applied agricultural measures. In all treatments with fertilizers, a significant increase in crop yield was observed, and the amount of the obtained increments largely depended on both their type and the use of hydrogel, especially under unfavorable growing conditions. On average, during the research period, the highest indicators of sugar yield were obtained in the treatment with the use of organic fertilizers of the new formulation Leonardyt and Parostok-20 on the background of Aquasorb hydrogel, which indicates the feasibility of their further implementation in the cultivation technology for sugar beet.


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Today, all service organizations and especially banks are speaking about customer satisfaction and delighting them in the workplace. With respect to the fact that one of the most important concerns of bank managers is appropriate and high quality servicing to customers especially key customers and on the other hand the organizational customers are major and important factors both in preparation of bank supplies and consuming bank facilities and its other services, then it is in great importance to identify the demands and expectations of customers. This research is practical in terms of purpose and descriptive-navigated in terms of data collection. The statistical community for this research is: organizational customers of BSI of Bushehr. 400 samples were collected using simple random sampling method. Data were collected using questionnaire. Validity of questionnaire is investigated and proved using nominal content validity and its reliability by Cronbatch's Alpha. Using exploratory factor analysis, 7 factors were identified as expectations for organizational customers of banking services and based on the content of questions for each factor a proper name was selected for each of them. These factors include a variety of services, use of efficient manpower, modern electronic banking services, use of proper equipment and physical evidences, a correct understanding of the customers, establishing the appropriate fee and the interest rate and reducing the time of service. Friedman test was used to rank the factors. The results showed that the most important factor is modern electronic banking services and the least important factor is reduced time of service.


With the quick pace of urbanization,the farmers' compensation of land expropriation has become a problem for local governments and greatly affects farmers' living standards,countryside stability and agricultural development.The main reason is the imperfection of the compensation system.The duty of forensic accounting is first to maintain the property proper' s safely,maintenance of value and increase of value,and then to guard against fraud,measurement loss,action support,expert witness,encroachment of governance,and nex to fight against fraud,falsification of account,illegal encroachment and finally to protect farmers' legal rights and provide legal relief for the farmers.


Residual oil fly ash (ROFA), an emission source particulate, has been shown to induce acute lung injury and fibrosis in the rat. However, the mechanism(s) and the identities of various inflammatory mediators induced by ROFA are not known. Also the extent to which ROFA-associated metals contribute to proinflammatory gene induction is yet to be determined. To examine the mechanism of ROFA-induced lung injury, male SpragueDawley rats (60 days old) were intratracheally instilled with 0.3 ml of either acidified saline (brought to pH 2.5 using H2 SO4, similar to the pH of the ROFA suspension in saline), ROFA (2.5 mg/rat in saline, yields pH of 2.5), or predominant ROFA-associated metals such as Fe2 (SO4)3 (Fe, 0.54 mol/rat), VSO4 (V, 1.7 mol/rat), and NiSO4 (Ni, 1.0 mol/rat), individually or as a mixture (Fe + V + Ni). The quantity of metals instilled reflected the amount present in the leachable material of ROFA. Histopathological findings indicated marked and progressive acute focal lung injury characterized ...


[Objective] The study aimed to discuss the change of nicotine content in flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan City in recent years.[Method] The data from the tracking analysis database of flue-cured tobacco chemical composition in Baoshan City in 2003-2009 was used to make for the statistical analysis on the annual change and the quality class of the nicotine content in each part of the flue-cured tobacco and the nicotine content in the flue-cured tobacco with the orange and citrine leaves.[Results] The average nicotine content in the flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan City in 2003 was high as 3.4%,that in 2004-2006 dropped obviously to 2.7%-2.8% and that in 2007-2009 kept about 2.5%.The quality class of flue-cured tobacco in 2003-2007 had the trend of increasing year by year,but that in 2008-2009 had litter decrease compared with that in 2005-2007.The appropriate class for the nicotine content in the citrine leaves of flue-cured tobacco was higher than that in the orange leaves of the flue-cured tobacco.[ Conclusion]The results provided the theoretical basis for improving the quality of flue-cured tobacco in Baoshan City.


. Animals can experience pain or distress as a result of widely accepted management practices. In dairy cattle, housing system can affect animal welfare. The assessment of animal welfare requires the use of multiple indicators in order to analyse the heterogeneity of the aspects involved. The aim of this study was to compare the welfare of dairy cows reared in a tie-stall (TS) and open-stall (OS) system by metabolic, immunological and stress related parameters. The study involved 80 pluriparous lactating cows belonging to eight dairy farms located in the area of Mugello (Florence, Italy) reared in TS and OS systems. Ten blood samples were collected at morning time to measure ala-nine-aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), β-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA), creatinine (Creat), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), total proteins (TP), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K), serum lisozyme (SL), bactericidal activity (SBA), haptoglobin (Hp), oxygen free radicals (OFR), and hair cortisol levels. At the same time a body condition score (BCS) was recorded. Statistical analysis was performed by ANOVA. The experiment was carried out in accordance with European Commission regulations (Directive 2010/63/EC and Directive 98/58/EC). The results showed that the housing system affected various parameters such as ALT, BHBA, OFR, cortisol (P≤0.01) and AST, BUN (P≤0.05). Most of these parameters showed mean values within the range of reference without revealing any signs of suffering. An interesting outcome regarded the OFR levels, which was higher in the OS system (68.2±34.51 U.Carr. vs 36.1±21.39 U.Carr.), probably as a consequence of the high productive effort. In conclusion, it is possible to state that TS did not show a comparable overall situation with serious signs of welfare impairment.


Health and safety is the responsibility of everyone in the workplace. Some people may not feel comfortable asking for the right safety equipment or suggesting to a co-worker that they take better care. However, if we say or do nothing about such risks for fear of offending/making someone angry, this can lead to accidents and people can get hurt. That is why it is important to be assertive and make sure your voice is heard. In what workplace situations should I be assertive?


Gas membrane separation technology is an important embranchment of membrane separation technology.Fundamental principle of gas membrane separation was introduced in the article.By comparing membrane separation technology with conventional separation technology in separating hydrocarbon from mixed gas such as natural gas,methane and refined gas etc,the superiority in both economy and technology of gas membrane separation was outstanding.Application and research on various membrane materials used for hydrocarbon separation from mixed gas were reviewed,development and application of gas separation membrane and membrane groupware were described.


Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Antenna systems promise high spectral efficiency [1] over multipath channels. But accurate wideband MIMO channels models are required to optimize these new radio access schemes. This paper focuses on the MIMO channel capacity versus different propagation channel parameters such as frequency or antenna type. This study is based on both experimental and simulated results in a residential environment. The simulations have been computed with a full 3D ray tracing tool while measurements have been performed with a UWB MIMO channel sounder.


The material manifestation of literary and artistic endeavors inherently assumes the character of commodities. In the contemporary landscape of cultural creation, a gradual shift is discernible towards the production of cultural commodities. Inasmuch as culture, when commodified, necessitates its entry into the marketplace, it becomes inexorably entwined with the stages of production, circulation, consumption, and distribution within that market milieu. To render cultural commodities consumable, it is imperative that their production caters to the predilections of the masses. However, if contemporary aesthetic cultural consumption remains unilaterally fixated on technicality, formalism, and emotional stimulation, it not only risks supplanting spiritual gratification with emotional catharsis but also, over the course of time, threatens to atrophy abstract reasoning faculties, thereby propelling human pursuits further towards irrationality.


Throughout his career, Basil Cooke has been a very competent hard-rock geologist, but in his research he has concentrated on the relatively recent 'overburden', particularly a study of animal fossils that might be preserved in it, and information they can provide about the past environment of the time. Over 100 publications, from the first one in 1938 describing the Sterkfontein Cave deposits, to his most recent paper (Cooke, 2006) on East African fossil pigs, have demonstrated Cooke's dedication to this discipline and his meticulous attention to detail. His contribution to our understanding of faunal and environmental changes in Africa during the last five million years has been enormous.


This paper focuses on linear precoding designs in multi-user multiple-input multiple-output block diagonalization (BD) relay systems with limited feedback. A base station employs spatial multiplexing transmission based on quantized channel state information (CSI) obtained from a relay. Then the relay transmits the received signal to users equipped with multiple antennas. In this paper, we propose a BD precoding scheme based on minimum mean square error (MMSE) criterion, which results in a closed-form solution. We show that the proposed scheme is robust to both noise and channel uncertainties caused by quantization errors. Also, we extend the proposed scheme to the case with CSI feedback delays. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed schemes.


Gas stations are a common source of groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbons. These pollutants are a health concern when people come in contact with the contaminated water when pumping from polluted wells, for example.  However, in Indonesia this problem remains largely ignored, despite some prominent leakage incidents at gas stations. The purpose of this study is to investigate the groundwater contamination by petroleum hydrocarbon from gas station in the greater Yogyakarta area in Indonesia. Screening criteria such as construction standards, reported leakage incidents, and geological and hydrogeological condition were used to identify gas stations with high risk of water contamination by petroleum hydrocarbon.  Gas station with close proximity with dug wells in which its water had been used for human daily consumption was selected for further analysis. Groundwater samples were then collected from dug wells located in the vicinity to this selected gas station and then analyzed for benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Of the six sampling points, BTEX were detected with concentrations ranging from 0,008 to 25,631 ppb.  Concentration of benzene at sampling point 3 exceed the standards of Indonesian drinking water quality and WHO. These findings indicate that BTEX groundwater pollution may be a health hazard of currently unknown proportion in the greater Yogyakarta area. It is recommended to assess health risk associated with human daily consumption of BTEX polluted groundwater and also to test groundwater at all gas stations in this area and remediate those affected by BTEX.


Although there is significant thinning of layer 1 with age in both occipital area 17 and prefrontal area 46 of the rhesus monkey, there are no significant age-related changes in the numbers of neurons, astrocytes, or microglia and oligodendrocytes in this layer. A few profiles of degenerating neurons have been encountered in old monkeys, but they are uncommon. Some astrocytes undergo hypertrophy with age, as evidenced by the increased thickness of the glial limiting membrane, and throughout layer 1 the amount of filaments in the cytoplasm of both their cell bodies and processes increases. The astrocytes also come to contain phagocytic material in the old monkeys, as do the microglial cells. We have previously shown that in both areas 17 and 46 there is an age-related loss of synapses from layer 1 and a concomitant loss of dendritic branches from the apical tufts of pyramidal cells from layer 1. These may be the sources of the material phagocytosed by the astrocytes and microglial cells.


ABSTRACT State supreme courts have been on the cutting edge of the movement toward equality for gays and lesbians in the areas of marriage and family law that has unfolded over the last two decades. Previous scholarship analyzing this phenomenon has emphasized the role of judicial independence, observing that supreme courts in states with judicial selection and retention systems insulating judges from popular backlash have generally been more willing to assume an activist role in the advancement of gay rights. This article reassesses this relationship using an original dataset consisting of all the votes cast by state supreme court justices in cases since 1993 in which gays and lesbians have sought legal equality in the areas of marriage and the family. Using a newer and more precise measure of judicial ideology, it finds that the voting behavior of judges in these cases is driven largely by ideology and by shifts in public opinion toward greater support for gay rights. Conversely, potential constraints on pro-gay activism such as more populist judicial selection and retention systems and the conservatism of state electorates appear to exert relatively little effect.


Background: Women's safety and quality of care are essential aspects of clinical nursing
practice. Medication administration errors are considered to be a global problem resulting in an
increase in mortality rates, length of hospital stay, and related costs. Aim of the study to assess
the effect of maternity nurse's knowledge, and Practices regarding the medication errors on
laboring women safety in labor unit. Design: A descriptive research design was used in this
study in labor unit. Setting: The study was conducted at the maternity departments of University
hospital, General hospital (Alnubui Almuhandis) and Tamia hospital at Fayoum city. Sample:
Convenience sample technique was utilized in the present study to recruit 40 nurses. Tools: Three
tools for data collection. First tool: Self-administered questionnaire sheet which used to assess:
personal data of the studied sample nurse's knowledge related to specified obstetric medication
and precautions of medications administration. Second tool: Factors that influence medication
errors from the nurse's point of view. Third tool: An Observational Checklist: to assess the
maternity nurse's practices related to obstetric medication administration and errors. Result: the
present study showed that the total score of maternity nurse's knowledge regarding medication
administration in labor unit was, slightly more than half of the studied sample had incomplete
satisfactory knowledge. On the other hand the total score of maternity nurse's practices related to
medication administration was, slightly less than half of the studied sample had complete
satisfactory level of practices regarding medication administration, moreover, there was significant
relationship between level knowledge and practices. Conclusion: Slightly more than half of the
studied nurse's had incomplete satisfactory knowledge regarding medication administration in
labor unit. While, slightly less than half of the studied nurse's had an complete satisfactory level
of practice regarding medication administration in labor unit. Recommendation: in service
training programs is required for maternity nurses regarding medication errors and how to overcome
it.


Uterine carcinosarcomas (UCs) are extremely rare but highly malignant neoplasms originating in female genital tract. The 5-year survival of advanced-stage UCs is not satisfactory yet, being below 10%. They metastasize to different organs, most frequently to the lungs (49%), peritoneum (44%), as well as to the pelvic and para-aortic lymph nodes (35%). Herein, we report a case of a 64-year-old woman with a primary UC metastasizing bilaterally to the pelvic lymph nodes. We applied a panel of immunohistochemical markers to assess the staining pattern of the primary tumor and corresponding metastases. In this assessment, the carcinoma component of the UC and lymph node metastases showed similar staining patterns, except for EP4 and p53, being positive in primary tumor and right side metastases. On the other hand, sarcoma component and lymph node metastases showed differences in some of the markers applied. MIB-1 proliferative activity was slightly higher in bilateral pelvic lymph node metastases compared to UC components. Our case report supports the concept of the epithelial component being the driving force for female genital tract UCs as our patient presented a similar staining pattern of carcinomatous component-lymph node metastases in selected markers.


The first encounters of Marcel with Sartre show the "Christian origins" they shared. Likewise, these encounters and their disagreements throughout life and the different paths they followed reveal a broader scope of thought than what is commonly known about Sartre.


The author of the present article believes that atheism if not of anti-religion but of freedom of faith.Scientific atheism is a world outlook and way of thinking,a life attitude and a way of life.Atheism is the foundation of Marxist religious world outlook and has a close relationship with scientific Socialism.


The invention provides a method and system using electromagnetic tracking to monitor the respiration of a patient. The system includes trackers attached to the patient that emit and receive a magnetic field that changes as the patient breathes. The changing field received by the tracker can be associated with the breathing states of the patient and used to generate a respiratory signal. The respiratory signal may be used to indicate when to advance an intervention tool during an intervention procedure on the patient. The same electromagnetic system may also be used to track the position of the intervention tool, further assisting the intervention procedure.


A subsidiary of the device maker Medtronic will pay $17.5m (£13.2m; €15.4m) to resolve allegations from the US Department of Justice that it offered doctors kickbacks in the form of free or discounted services to encourage them to buy its devices and bill the cost to Medicare or Medicaid.

The doctors received no money from the company, called Covidien, but the support it gave them in developing their practices and finding new patients nevertheless counted as an illegal inducement to bill the government for services that involved the company's products, US attorneys warned.

"Today's settlement serves as an important reminder to those in the healthcare …


To improve edge termination for the superjunction MOSFET devices,a junction termination technique is proposed,the possibility of the realizing the termination structure is demonstrated by solving the Poisson's equation in the cylindrical coordinates.The method to optimization of the termination structure is given and the voltage characteristic under the termination is analyzed.A 600 V Coolmos can be obtained by the new termination technique.In addition,the influence of the breakdown voltage and the surface electric field distribution such as the number and the width of the p-pillar under termination are discussed by utilizing the 2-dimensional TMA MEDICI simulator.The results turn out that it is easy to realize the termination by using pitch changed superjuction structure itself.


Dajiang bank was the important financial institution which Anhui center district Party Committee set up in the Wanjiang anti-Japanese base during the Anti-Japanese War period.Dajiang Bank was set up under predicament by overcoming the numerous difficulties,it issued the currency,contend with Fabi and Weibi,and finally win. It played an essential role in stabilizing the market,maintaining the financial order and promoting the development of commodity economy,etc..


This paper presents the development of a cutting force model for end milling process under various cutting conditions and the tool wear is measured by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).This novel approach combines the concept of experimental design and finite element modeling of the cutting process which allows for a fairly accurate prediction of cutting forces with a significantly lower computational cost. The milling experiments are performed by CNC milling machine with tungsten carbide tools. The test sample made of titanium alloy Ti6Al-4V is prepared for testing. The cutting conditions are selected based on the toughness of the work piece with in the tool manufacturer's recommended range for the work piece and tool geometry configuration. The cutting forces are measured by using dynamometer and compared the simulated results. In this modeling, the cutting tool and work piece are defined as per Taguchi design of experiments (DOE). In cutting approach, Deform 3D v 6.1 software is used to simulate the milling process. Index Term-End milling, Cutting force, Tool Wear, Machining, Metal cutting, Modeling. INTRODUCTION Titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V is known as a difficult to machine material because of its poor thermal conductivity and high cutting force in the conventional milling process. Large cutting forces are detrimental to tool life and surface integrity of work pieces and should be avoided in the machining process. Milling operation is widely used to fabricate miniaturized components with complex three dimensional (3D) geometries and shapes in bio medical, optics and electronics industries [1,2]. Tsao [3, 4] used the Taguchi method to optimize the drilling parameters (drill diameter ratio, fed rate and spindle speed) based on the core saw drill and step core drill in the drilling of CFRP; the results showed that when the feed speed was 8mm/min, spindle speed was 1200rpm diameter ratios were 0.55 and 0.74 and the axial force and hole defects came to a minimum value. Lliescu., et al. [5] Estimated and evaluated the axial force in the drilling of carbon fiber composites with coated and un coated tools and found that the main factors affecting the axial force were feed rate, cutting speed and tool wear. Alauddin et al. [6] experimentally investigated the influence of machining conditions on the average cutting forces in the end milling of inconel 718 in dry conditions using uncoated carbide inserts. It was observed that the cutting forces decrease as the cutting speed increases (11-25 m/min) for up and down mode end milling. Nevertheless the cutting speed range in the study by Alauddin et al. was relatively low. Choudhury and El baradie [7] it was reported that the tool life of coated tools was not better than that of the uncoated tools through a series of machining experiments of cutting inconel 718 using coated and un coated carbides. Modeling of the cutting forces in end milling is important for process planning and optimization. The cutting edge in roughing or ploughing the work piece rather than cutting, causing a significant increase of cutting forces as the frictional forces are increased. The strong size effect makes more challenging [8]. It is therefore important to study the mechanics of micro cutting processes and develop comprehensive cutting force models. There have been extensive research efforts on understanding the mechanics in end milling process and developing comprehensive cutting force. Different approaches for the determination of the cutting forces exist in the literature, such as analytical, mechanistic and Numerical [9].The analysis of cutting forces in milling operation is dated back to Martelloti [10]. Saberwal., et al [11] correlated the local normal cutting force coefficients. Tlusty and Macneil [12] presented analytical expressions for cutting forces in end milling operations in which the tangential component of the cutting force was considered to be proportional to the cutting load and the radial force is empirically related to the tangential force. Kline., et al International Journal of Mechanical & Mechatronics Engineering IJMME-IJENS Vol:17 No:02 47 171402-9393-IJMME-IJENS © April 2017 IJENS I J E N S [13] proposed a mechanistic cutting force model by considering the helix face of the cutter as an aggregation of small discrete disks along the axis. Bao and Tansel [14] introduced an analytical cutting force model for micro milling operations based on the model for conventional milling [12].Vogler., et al [15,16] have developed a cutting force model for micro milling that included both the minimum chip thickness and the micro structure effects. Zaman [17] developed a three dimensional analytical cutting model for micro end milling operation ,which determines the theoretical chip area at any specific angular position of the tool cutting edge by considering the geometry of the path of the cutting edge and relates this with tangential cutting force. Lee [18] developed a mechanistic cutting force modeling in micro end milling with cutting condition independent of cutting force coefficients. Lai [19] presented an analytical micro scale milling force model based on the FE simulations using the cutting principles and the slip line theory. Malekian [20] investigated a mechanistic modeling of micro milling forces, with consideration of the effects of ploughing, elastic recovery, run out and dynamics. It should be noted that inspite of the extensive research efforts, it is still difficult to model machining, especially micro machining, due to the fact that there are too many variables that need to be taken into account [9].Mechanistic model is effective in predicting the cutting forces in micro milling provided that the cutting force coefficients are accurately identified from experiments. For new combinations of tools and materials without testing data, the cutting forces cannot be predicted using this approach. Theoretically the cutting forces can be obtained directly from FE simulation. Nevertheless, finite element method (FEM) requires a considerable amount of computational power to minimize accurate results. If the analysis using FEM is to consider 3D, special care is needed for simulating a micro milling process. The degree of complexity and the computational powers are increased, which adds considerably to computational time [9], and thus makes FEM not a practical approach for industrial users. This paper presents the development of a cutting force model for end milling process using a FEM approach to enable reliable and physically sound prediction of cutting forces in end milling without the burden of heavy computational power or experimental work. The proposed cutting model for end milling is developed based on a mechanistic cutting model presented in [21] which was originally for conventional milling processes. In order to expand the mechanistic cutting force model into FEM model is employed to predict the cutting forces in end milling. Based on the FEA simulation, Deform 3D predicts the cutting forces and cutting conditions. The tool edge deterioration during metal cutting operation has a great impact on the surface quality and dimensional accuracy of the machined parts. In addition, the tool wear can directly affects the overall operation cost, as it dictates either a more frequent tool change to meet the requirements of a surface finish properties or longer machining times by using conservative data to prevent rapid tool edge degradation [22, 23]. Balla Srinivasa Prasad., et al.[24] presents the correlation of vibration signal feature that is displacement due to vibration(microns) during the machining and three dimensional finite element simulations in tool wear monitoring of a metal turning operation. This work demonstrates the three dimensional finite element analysis is used to predict the work piece displacements in feed direction and corresponding tool wear with the help of induced vibrations in face turning under dry machining conditions. Bao Hai, W.,et al [25] studied a new analytical based method for the prediction of cutting tool temperature in end milling. They claimed the dramatic tool temperature variation in end milling can cause excessive tool wear and shorten its life especially in machining of difficult to machine materials. Storchak, M., et al [26] presents the results regarding the creation of the FEM models for the cutting processes of the titanium alloy Ti-1023. Bian, X., et al [27] use Discrete element method (DEM) can simulate the motion and interaction of particle materials. This method is widely used to simulate the working process of ball mills, which yields many research valuable outcomes. In this the simulation results of particle behavior mill torque and power consumption obtained from DEM simulation is compared with experimental results in detail to validate the correctness of the simulation results. Zhang,W., et al [28] analyzed the temperature change of the sinusoidal surface milling process is simulated by using 3 dimensional modeling software, Mat Lab and finite element software. According to the finite element simulation and experimental results, the range of temperature field of sinusoidal surface modeling is similar. Specifically, the research tasks include generation of appropriate experimental data and correlate the results with a 3D FE simulation model look into the influence of cutting forces into various cutting conditions. The implementation of machining models in the commercial FEM code Deform 3D V6.1 relates the cutting forces and tool wear during machining to the predicted process variables. The results show the good degree of agreement between experimental and simulated values in predicting cutting forces at different cutting conditions. The main objective of this work is to experimentally investigate the cutting forces and tool wear during milling of titanium alloy Ti-6Al-4V with carbide end mills under dry machining condition. MATE


Benefits provided by a new high-power and low-noise laser for efficient first-order Raman co-pumping are experimentally investigated. 8 times 10 Gb/s WDM channels have been successfully transmitted over 70dB of standard single-mode fiber with realistic system margins.


" With laissez-faire and price atomic / Ecology's Uneconomic / but with another kind of logic / Economy's Unecologic. " by Kenneth E. Boulding. Crisis, from ancient Greek "Krisis", decision, choice, or, in the younger and newer meaning, any event that is an unstable and dangerous situation, is our actual situation. In the last twenty years all over the world, people, politicians, economist and governments have understood that our world is collapsing. The last two centuries of industrialization and of exploitation of all useful resources have brought us to a situation in which it is not possible to continue with the same lifestyle, with the same principles which lead economy for years. Off course, the control of GHG emissions is not enough if there are not efficient and ecologic way to produce energy and electricity. Here the Krisis, from the ancient greek meaning: decision. There are many possible routes to "save our planet". In any case if, all us, we start to think with an ecologic-minded and we stop us to exploit and waste each possible resource, our world and next generation will thank us.


The present invention relates to an electronic device having a nanowire production method and a nano-wire capable of preventing a problem that may simplify the manufacturing process, the nanowires are formed in the unnecessary position generating an electrical short circuit. In one example, the catalyst pattern forming step of forming a catalyst pattern on a substrate; And depositing the nanomaterial to a method for producing the catalyst pattern the nanowires comprising a nanomaterial growing step of growing in a horizontal direction or a vertical direction from said catalytic pattern is disclosed.