OBJECTIVE
To examine the provision of dental services by salaried personnel in the countries of Western Europe, together with Australia, Canada and New Zealand, and to weigh the merits of this method against alternatives, namely, capitation and fee for item of service. In light of the findings, to consider the future role of salaried dental services in the National Health Service (NHS) in England.

METHOD
Information was gathered from published reports, the World Wide Web and by mailed questionnaire to national chief dental officers or equivalents.

RESULTS
Narrative descriptions of service provision in the countries with salaried primary dental care services were compiled. Demographic, macro-economic, workforce, and oral health data for the broader spectrum of Western industrialised countries were tabulated. Examination of the quantitative data showed no strong associations between variables.

CONCLUSIONS
Dental services delivered by a salaried workforce can be costly in relation to the volume of clinical activity produced. However, deployment of clinical auxiliary personnel can keep costs down. Salaried services foster a preventive approach to care and are particularly suitable where care is directed towards vulnerable groups within the community. Salaried staff generally receive a lower level of remuneration than private practitioners but usually work in an environment less subject to undue pressures of time.


Location information has the possibility to create new business markets. NEC participates in the DoCoMo Location Platform Consortium and promotes making standards. Moreover, NEC provides solutions for using location information and has invested in a operating company that uses this standard protocol. The location information will play an important role in enhancing the efficiency of business processes


In this article, designed as a set of three interconnected elements are presented algorithms for analytical and graphical profiling of single flute end mill cutters for manufacturing of aluminium profiles, composite and HPL panels, as and methodology for graphic profiling in an environment of CAD system TopSolid.


The UK offshore wind industry is rapidly growing to meet CO2 emission targets. However, the main drawback of the offshore environment is the increased cost of maintenance. Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) show great potential to reduce this cost. Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a form of Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) that shows promising results in solving time series-based problems, making them ideally suited for wind turbine condition monitoring. A dedicated circuit for a LSTM-based ANN that uses memristors will allow for more power efficient and faster computation, whilst being able to overcome the von Neumann bottleneck.


Objective:To investigate the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and its role in inflammato- ry reactions after central nervous injury.Methods:Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into 10 groups.One group was normal control.The rest rats received free fall injury in the left parietal lobe and were divided into ex- perimental groups according to survival time (1 h,2 h,4 h,8 h,24 h,3 d,5 d,7 d and 10 d,respectively).The RNA of brain tissue was isolated and the reverse-transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was carried out.The cDNA was analyzed by automatic system and the parameters Were assessed to define the status of TNF-αmRNA expression in different groups.Results:The level of TNF-αmRNA started to increase at 2~(nd) hour after injury and reached peak at the 4~(th) hour.Then,the expression decreased quickly and came to the normal level at the 24~(th) hour.The level increased again on the 3~(rd) day after injury and increased to the highest on the 5~(th) day. During the 7~(th) to 10~(th) day after injury,the expression of TNF-αdecreased to the normal level step by step.Conclu- sion:It suggests that TNF-αmay play a pivotal role as an immunomodulatory cytokine in inflammatory reactions after central nervous injury.


Purpose : To evaluate the effect of global scaling analysis on brain activation for sensory and motor functional MR imaging study. Materials and methods : Four normal subjects without abnormal neurological history were included. Arm extension-flexion movement was used for motor function and 1KHz pure tone stimulation was used for auditory function. Functional magnetic resonance imaging was performed at 3T MRI (GE, Milwaukee, USA) using BOLD-EPI technique and SPM2 was employed for data analysis. On data analysis, the brain activation images were obtained with and without global scaling by fixing other parameters such as motion correction and realignment. Results : The difference in brain activation between no scaling and global scaling was not large in case of right upper extremity movement (p


Marxists have begun, in recent years, to investigate more fully the logic of technology and hierarchy in the labor process under capitalism, and to pose questions, if not always answers, about the nature of work in capitalist enterprises and divisions within the working class. To some extent, Marxist economists have begun, too, to construct a radical theory of the firm based on &dquo;divide and conquer&dquo; strategies of management.' It has been suggested by David Gordon that the basic thrust of the argument in recent studies of the labor process (studies by Braverman, Brody, Marglin, Stone and others) is that capitalist technology and hierarchical relations of production are not universally efficient.2 Rather, they are designed to control workers for the purposes of extracting surplus value and reproducing capitalist social relations. Technical efficiency and high productivity without capitalist control (and profits) is meaningless for capitalists. Control of workers and the pace of production through job hierarchies, technology, and the like is necessary, so goes the argument, because capitalist managers buy labor power


A pyrolysis gas chromatography (PGC) technique is described and various pyrolysers discussed. Results from analyses of synthetic polymers and organic salts are given. The influence of temperature rise time, pyrolysis temperature, pyrolysis time and sample size is considered. Pyrolysis studies on microorganisms are described various ways of improving the technique are considered.


The research results of the effects of physical, biological and chemical techniques of pre-sowing treatment of spring wheat seeds on the resistance of plants to root rots are discussed.


A high rate of integration of distributed photovoltaic systems (PV) may cause problems in the distribution grid. We propose a methodology to spatially and temporally analyze the potential reverse load in the distribution grid of Austria. The goal lies in determining the maximum generation of PV with no investments into grid enforcements. First, we use measured load profiles for households and simulate stochastic load profiles for commercial consumers. We combine the generated load profiles with data on PV output to determine the net demand load profiles at 1 km2 grid. Thirdly, we study the effects of a large scale implementation of rooftop PV on the energy system using the JRC EU TIMES model. We find that (excluding night hours) on average in 9% of the hours supply exceeds demand, differing between 0% and 60% depending on the grid cell. When only including household load profiles, surplus production increases to 23%. This suggests to giving priority to decentralized PV development in areas with a higher share of commercial consumers. Lastly, we show that a large scale deployment of distributed PV leads to reduced imported electricity.


This study deals with the economic impact of the healthcare industry in Germany's federal states. It covers the compilation and application of the Multiregional Accounts for Healthcare in Germany, depicted in the form of a satellite account for health based on multiregional supply and use tables from the national accounting framework. Hence, it addresses the foundations of the established National Accounts for Healthcare in Germany, describes the steps taken towards developing the Multiregional Accounts for Healthcare in Germany, assesses the general results of the model and applies it in the context of the current challenge of insufficient investment in hospitals in Germany's federal states.


The article is devoted to the description of toponymy changes, to the principals of the analysis of renamed settlements in one of the central regions of Russia the Tambov region. The historical motivation of a proper name is specifically interpreted in the rationalistic thinking of the Soviet period in the beginning of the 20th century. Tendencies of the public treatment change towards toponyms is illustrated on the example of the vivid Tambov toponym PuPKI.


Andrographis paniculata and Aristolochia indica plant extracts were tested for antivenom activity against Echis carinatus venom. Both plant extracts were effectively neutralized the Echis carinatus venom induced lethal activity. About 0.19mg of Andrographis paniculata and 0.17mg of Aristolochia indica plant extracts were able to completely neutralize the lethal activity of 2LD 2 of Echis carinatus venom. Various pharmacological activities like haemorrhagic, coagulant, edema and phospholipase activities were studied and these pharmacological activities were significantly neutralized by both plant extracts The above observations confirmed that Andrographis paniculata and Aristolochia indica plant extracts possess potent snake venom neutralizing capacity and could be used for therapeutic purposes in case of snakebite envenomations.


A method of getting the fractal characteristics of rough surfaces i.e. Hausdorff dimension by scattering coefficient is presented. The concept of "scaling range" and the fractal interpolation are discussed. In this method, the characteristics of fractal function is fully considered when it is used to characterize the rough surfaces and the method makes the work getting the fractal characteristics of rough surfaces simple and clear.


Abstract
Social Capital and Community Income. Social capital is a productive factor in inducing accelerated
development including an increase in rural incomes after the tsunami in addition to human capital,
physical capital and economic capital. This study aims to analyze the role of social capital to increase
people's income after the tsunami. The data were analyzed descriptively, statistically significant
difference test, and regression analysis. The results showed that social capital significantly to the increase
in family income after the tsunami.
Keywords: Social capital, networks, norms, trust, collective action, income.


In this note we present a proof of a theorem to be found in Ehrig and Mahr [3). The theorem states that a relation constructed from a given function is a congruence relation if that function is a homomorphism: we go on to generalise this result to the relational homomorphisms treated by the first author in [1]. Specifically, we prove that. a congruence relation can be constructed from a relational homomorphism. Our construction generalises that of Ehrig and Mahr. The significance of this note lies both in the economy of our calculations and in the novel use we make of weakest prespecifications. We have been unable to extend the theorem to an equivalence: we offer the remaining half of the equivalence as a challenge to the reader. We consider a type T defined according to the paradigm T = p(r : F). where F is a relator (such types are special cases of Hagino types'. details of which may be found in Hagino 14]). For the purposes of this note, the important properties of a relator F are the following.


A multiplier with Hall element is provided with a Hall element with a pair of control current input terminals and a pair of Hall output terminals, means by which current is converted into magnetic field and the converted magnetic field is applied to the Hall element, and at the same time the voltage to be multiplied by the current is converted into control current and the converted control current is fed to control current input terminals, and a differential amplifier circuit including first and second operational amplifiers having non-inverted input terminals connected to the Hall output voltage terminals, and a third operational amplifier having non-inverted and inverted input terminals to which the output of the first and second operational amplifier is applied. The differential amplifier circuit removes the in-phase components of the Hall output voltage and then amplifies it.


Acknowledgement. Foreword. Introduction. Part I. 1. Worldview Theory and Science Education Research. 2. Nature and Scientific Literacy. 3. An Interpretive Methodology. Part II. 4. Stating the Assertions. 5. Science and Conceptualizations of Nature. 6. Gender and Conceptualizations of Nature. 7. The Environment, Science and Religion. 8. The Different Worlds of Science Teachers and their Students. 9. Limitations & Implications for Research. 10. Putting Things Together. 11. Where is the Experience of Nature in School? References. Appendix A: Student Narratives on Nature. Appendix B: Teacher Narratives on Nature. Appendix C: Basic Interview Protocols. Index. About the Author.


In order to ensure the quality of teaching and improve the aided tools,how to use Bluetooth smartphone make wireless teaching aided tool PPTCtrl is researched,which is based on the analysis of J2ME Bluetooth wireless technology,office technology and JACOB object Access technologies.Then a design plan of PPTCtrl based on RFCOMM Bluetooth serial port service the corresponding solutions with the realization of the key issues are emphasized.At last,a prototype system experiments is given,the results show that PPTCtrl meet the demands of the wireless control of PPT.


The paper considers the problem of processing messages of limited size. An effective means of ensuring the authenticity and confidentiality of such data is the use of the clipper block chaining encoding mode. It is shown that the organization of intermediate result storage requires the implementation in the memory of the calculator of blocks responsible for the formation of a tree structure containing both messages from the target source and messages from other sources functioning as part of a complex distributed system. To do this the incoming messages are excluded from processing based on the contents of an additional field that stores the encoded sequence number of the message in the chain. This reduces the number of branches in the generated and processed message tree structure. The effect of this is to reduce the cost of RAM of the computer performing decoding and forming message chains from the target source. It is shown how the implementation of the method of processing message authentication codes reduces the number of rows and columns of internal memory that store an element of a tree structure. The analysis of the results of the conducted studies showed that the result of using the processing method is a decrease of the cost of register memory for storing intermediate results by 5-10 times compared with the results of the previous studies.


Oral history interview with Bob Bennett conducted by Henry Crawford originally recorded July 1, 2010, in Lubbock, Tex. Accompanied by 1 finding aid.


A sheet-fed printing machine, in which a plurality of ventilators (1), the output of which may be controlled, is arranged in an area above a sheet pile (4) the surface of which is horizontal, blast air being directed from above, towards successively arriving sheets (3) which, by means of a conveyor system, are conveyed above said sheet pile (4) where they are released by said conveyor system. With said sheet delivery high-speed ventilators (1) are designed for small air volumes blowing, at a high flow rate, a concentrated air jet of linear flow essentially perpendicularly from above towards the arriving sheet (3).


Background: Six minute walk test (6MWT), represent a useful marker for exercise capacity and dynamic hyperination of COPD patients.Highresolution computed tomography (HRCT) has allowed in detection of airway wall abnormalities and emphysema, whose extent may correlate with
the clinical severity of the disease in COPD patients.
Material & methods: A cross sectional study was carried in 100 COPD patients attending Department of Respiratory Medicine, Institute of
respiratory diseases, SMS Medical College, Jaipur, during June 2018 to May 2019.All patients underwent clinically (Modied Medical Research
Council), radiologically (HRCT) &6MWT.
Results:The 6MWTshowed that a negative correlation to dyspnea (mMRC grading), emphysema score & post FEV1% predicted (p<0.0001).
Conclusion:The HRCTemphysema score can be used as an initial parameter for identify patients with high risk for COPD.


The scheduling is widely used for organizing the processes in time in different spheres ranging from the simple school timetables to production plans of the biggest factories with thousands of employees. In the most of cases this process has to be supported and managed by the complex tools, sometimes based on mathematical principles. In the paper the description of scheduling problem is given, the existing methods and tools for solving this problem are described, the approach based on multiagent multithreading application is considered. Nowadays there exist numerous approaches to solving of the scheduling problem. The suggested method of multithreading multi-agent scheduling allows efficient and fast solution of complex problems featuring rapid dynamic changes and uncertainty that cannot be handled by the other methods and tools.


This experiment tested predictions derived from self-efficacy theory by exposing participants to one of two public service announcements based on either symbolic modeling or persuasive efficacy information. Each message was designed to heighten participants' self-efficacy to prevent a friend from driving drunk. Participants in the symbolic modeling condition viewed a public service announcement that demonstrated how to dissuade a friend from driving drunk, and those in the verbal persuasion condition viewed an announcement that only advocated performing the task. A control announcement mentioned the consequences of arrest for drunken driving but contained no efficacy information. Data were gathered during laboratory sessions and during follow-up interviews 1 month later. Overall, laboratory findings supported the hypothesized ordered effects for sources of efficacy information: Symbolic modeling engendered greater efficacy expectations and behavioral intentions than did persuasive efficacy information, wh...


We report on the only known case of independent discovery of unrooted trees in a historical science outside of biological systematics. The method of textual criticism (ecdotics, i.e., the building of text-version genealogies) created by French philologist Henri Quentin (1872–1935) proposes the use of a type of branching scheme equivalent to unrooted trees in phylogenetics. Because Quentin's method has never become the prevailing paradigm in philology, his insight into unrooted trees has not been noticed in previous studies comparing philology and phylogenetics. In fact, the modern use of unrooted trees in philology is seen as imported from phylogenetics. Quentin's procedure starts by building an unrooted tree ('chain') expressing the network of text versions (taxa) based on 'variants' (equivalent to unpolarized character states). Such undirected scheme is then rooted on the basis of extrinsic temporal information, thus resulting in a complete (rooted) hypothesis of relationships. Quentin asserts that the building of an unrooted tree precedes the determination of its orientation (rooting) and that the two procedures reflect distinct levels of structural organization, relying on different assumptions. Henri Quentin fully grasped the implications of time-reversible properties of unrooted trees and associated characters, in striking prescience of the same concepts developed in phylogenetics some 45 years later. The two versions of unrooted trees were developed entirely independently of each other and such convergence is testimony to the formal efficiency of approaching historical reconstruction in unrooted and rooted dimensions.


Iron disilicide (β-FeSi2) thin films were deposited on Si (100) substrate by a pulsed laser deposition using SHG of a Nd : YAG laser. The film crystallizations were varied by annealing time of β-FeSi2 films irradiated by Nd : YAG laser. From XRD spectra of these films, peaks of β-FeSi2 (400) and (800) were identified. It was found from FE-SEM observations that surfaces of the β-FeSi2 films annealed for 8 h were flatter than that of the as-deposited β-FeSi2 films.


Along with the increasing rate of urbanization in China,the population living in cities and surrounding areas has gradually grown. In such a highly concentrated modern city,mainly directed by the artificial built-environment,people are importing more and more resources from nature and exporting waste in excess of the load-capacity of natural ecological systems. This has led to environmental degradation in surrounding areas,resource depletion,degradation of natural ecosystems and an imbalance in urban ecosystem metabolism. Imbalances in urban metabolism cause many environmental problems. Here,we review research in this field and summarize the process of the rise,development,stagnation and progress of urban metabolism. Studies tend to approach this from two angles:metabolism on the energy equivalent of Odum,and metabolism from the input to output of urban material. We conclude that the direction of future research is reflected in four aspects:urban indicators of sustainable development;urban greenhouse gas emissions calculations;mathematical models of urban metabolism;and foundations of sustainable urban design. Using urban metabolism to guide urban planning is a new research direction for China. Our future direction should be social,health and economic indicators into the framework of urban metabolism in order to determine a reasonable path for the sustainable development of cities.


Component frameworks and component middleware like Enterprise JavaBeans (EJB) have been established successfully in the last few years. However, composite components are not yet a part of these platforms. They increase reuse of software and can be used to encapsulate run-time adaptation. We present a composite component framework developed as an extension of EJB 2.0. We describe general design objectives for composite components and required rules for the visibility of components. The necessary container support for composite EJBs is implemented based on the EJB application server JBoss. An example application demonstrates the use of the new EJB type and shows how to dynamically reconfigure graphs of composite EJB components after their deployment in order to achieve run-time adaptivity.


Background: TRPC3 channels are inhibited by PKC and PKG, which also induce cerebellar LTD. We investigate if PKC- and PKG-mediated modulation of cerebellar TRPC3 channels contributes to cerebellar LTD. Results: TRPC3 channel-dependent currents are not significantly modulated by PKC or PKG. Conclusion: TRPC3 channel modulation is unlikely to be involved in cerebellar LTD. Significance: TRPC3 channels can be regulated in a cell-specific manner. Canonical transient receptor potential (TRPC) channels are widely expressed in the brain and play several roles in development and normal neuronal function. In the cerebellum, Purkinje cell TRPC3 channels underlie the slow excitatory postsynaptic potential observed after parallel fiber stimulation. In these cells TRPC3 channel opening requires stimulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1, activation of which can also lead to the induction of long term depression (LTD), which underlies cerebellar motor learning. LTD induction requires protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase G (PKG) activation, and although PKC phosphorylation targets are well established, virtually nothing is known about PKG targets in LTD. Because TRPC3 channels are inhibited after phosphorylation by PKC and PKG in expression systems, we examined whether native TRPC3 channels in Purkinje cells are a target for PKG or PKC, thereby contributing to cerebellar LTD. We find that in Purkinje cells, activation of TRPC3-dependent currents is not inhibited by conventional PKC or PKG to any significant extent and that inhibition of these kinases does not significantly impact on TRPC3-mediated currents either. Based on these and previous findings, we propose that TRPC3-dependent currents may differ significantly in their regulation from those overexpressed in expression systems.


The molecular weight and its distribution of the resulting polymers were investigated during the crystalline-state photopolymerization of diethyl cis,cis-muconate (EMU). EMU crystals were prepared by several methods, recrystallization, milling, freeze drying, and precipitation, to obtain the crystals with various sizes of 10−6 to 10−2 m. After crystalline-state photopolymerization via a crystal-to-crystal process, polymer crystals were isolated and characterized by optical microphotography and scanning electron micrography. Molecular weight and its distribution were determined by gel permeation chromatography with 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2-propanol and by intrinsic viscosity in trifluoroacetic acid. It was revealed that the size of the EMU crystals depended on the method used for the crystal preparation, and that the molecular weight of the polymer decreased as the crystal size became small. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 36: 3147–3155, 1998


Confusion exists about whether single umbilical artery (SUA) is associated with congenital malformations. Researchers examined the most frequent anomalies and those most specifically associated with SUA in a cohort of nearly 20,000 consecutive newborns with congenital malformations from a Spanish collaborative study.

In a comparison of infants with congenital malformations who did and did not have SUA, the authors found that bilateral renal agenesis, imperforate anus, …


The present invention relates to a rock drilling rig and a method of rock drilling rig for downhill driving. The rock drilling rig (1) comprises an electrical drive apparatus (16), the electric driving device (16) a drive motor (M) from the long downhill driving brake effect. Thus, the drive motor kinetic energy into electrical energy to charge the energy store (B) by the electrical energy. In order to dissipate excess power, open hydraulic system (13) or the compressed air system (50). By an electric motor (33,55) driving the hydraulic pump (34) and the compressor (54).


It was a huge mistake to see monetary policy as a static problem of engineering the desired balance between unemployment and inflation. The cyclical phases of economic expansion and contraction do not repeat themselves the same way twice in a row, so the monetary and fiscal remedies that worked last time should not work this time.


We prepared submicron wide trilayer spin valve wires designed with periodic "spikes" as artificial roughness. The height and the pitch of the spikes were varied systematically. No obvious dependence was found between the roughness and the domain wall velocity when the spikes were smaller than a threshold of 30 nm for NiFe. The average velocity was slowed down when the height of the spikes were larger than the threshold. In-plane transverse magnetic fields help to reduce the critical current density for current induced domain-wall motion. Our results could be attributed to the space modulation of the local magnetization.


Delirium is a frequent post‐stroke complication that compromises effective rehabilitation and has been associated with poor outcome. We aimed to investigate whether delirium is associated with increased risk of post‐stroke dementia and long‐term mortality once confounding is taken into account.


Spectra of the ν1 fundamental band of CF3Cl (CFC-13), with natural isotopic abundance, were recorded with a tunable diode laser spectrometer in the range 1100–1116 cm−1 using a supersonic pulsed slit-jet expansion. A rotational temperature of about 50 K was reached and a significant simplification of the spectra was achieved. The reduced Doppler broadening obtained using the slit source led to a FWHM up to 0.0007 cm−1 and so it was possible to resolve almost completely the K-structure in the P(J) and R(J) clusters for the first time. From the final fit of the assigned transitions a reliable set of molecular constants including the quartic centrifugal distortion coefficients for the v1 = 1 state of CF335Cl and CF337Cl has been obtained.


This paper identified the understanding the impact of crypto-currency mining on social & environment. Cryptocurrency, an encrypted peer-to-peer network to facilitate the exchange of digital goods, is a technology that was developed 8 years ago. While crypto-currencies are unlikely to replace traditional currencies, they can change the way global internet-connected markets interact, removing barriers around national currencies and exchange rates. Indian youth has invested hugely in cryptocurrency, a new crypto community has emerged. In India, many start-ups started based on block chain technology and cryptocurrency trading system which increased the popularity of Cryptocurrency among the youth which results in increase of cryptocurrency mining. Country youths are falling for marketing techniques used by companies to increase their user base by showing profits which result in financial risk among the young peoples among the countries.


(57) Abstract: it has a structured photoelectric light detectors, the light detectors, a plurality of photosensitive detector areas D that are disposed on the common semiconductor substrate so as to be adjacent to each other or have I1 to I6, the detector area, in the scanning unit for an optical position measuring device is connected to the evaluation device via strip conductors L1 to L8, the strip conductors L1 to L8, the detector area D or is guided over the surface of I1 to I6, the detector regions or detector portion region D for supplying the same scanning signal attached phase; are connected to the I1 to I6. Thus, the detector area D or I1~I6 can occupy the greatest area, extending to the side edges 61 and 62 of the photodetector.


Purpose: To investigate the effect of mauli banana (Musa acuminate) stem topical gel extract application on the expression of transforming growth factor β (TGF β) and fibroblast growth factor-β (FGF-β) during the healing process in traumatic oral ulcers. Methods: The work represented a true experimental study incorporating a post test only control group design. Four groups of male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegivus) (n = 20) with traumatic oral ulcers were given mauli banana stem extract gel of varying concentrations the negative control group: 0 %; treatment group I: 25 %; treatment group II: 37.5 %; and treatment group III: 50 %. The animals were subsequently sacrificed prior to conducting biopsy on day 5. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in order to analyze the degree of FGF-β and TGF–β expressions. Results: TGF–β was strongly expressed in treatment group II (16.80 ± 1.30). TGF-β expression was significantly different, except between treatment groups II and III (Table 2). FGF-β was strongly expressed in treatment group II (15.60 ± 3.97). There was significant difference in FGF-β expression between all the groups with the exception of treatment groups I and III. Conclusion: Topical application of mauli banana stem extract gel (37.5 % concentration) stimulates FGF-β and TGF-β expression on day 5 of traumatic oral ulcer healing process. Thus, the extract gel has potentials for clinical application for the therapy of traumatic oral ulcers.


Part I. The Problem and Theoretical Considerations: 1. The problem 2. Size and organizational structure 3. Expectations from work and the role of economic factors 4. The independence or orientation to work 5. Summary Part II. The Findings: 6. Some methodological considerations 7. The structure of potential rewards 8. Expectations, rewards and deprivations from work 9. Involvement and absenteeism 10. Some sources of variation in orientation to work Part III. Conclusions: Appendices.


The construction difficulty of dike closure would be increased when multi-basin rivers are converged on the reclamation project area.Taking Shenglitang north reclamation project in Zhejiang Province as an example,the paper introduced technology and engineering measures dealing with high and low tide grooves and protecting the closure dike,analyzed the impact of construction on the drainage of the upper reaches,presented an optimizing method by forecasting tide process to the dike closure process.


Indexed powder patterns of three monoclinic phases of sodium propanoate, Na+.C3H5O2−, are given. The cell dimensions are a = 3.624 (3), b = 5.338 (4), c = 11.414 (8) A, β = 90.84 (3)° at 507.7 K; a = 3.622 (3), b = 5.359 (5), c = 11.400 (10) A, β = 90.58 (2)° at 489.8 K and a = 3.569 (3), b = 5.306 (4), c = 11.188 (9) A, β = 92.86 (2)° at 298.1 K. For the room temperature phase III, smoothing equations are given to describe the thermal expansion.


The southern part of the Philippines, also known as the Bangsamoro area, is beset by complex security challenges from Islamic separatist and terrorist groups. This lecture looks at informal practices of security provisioning by co-located forces (state and nonstate armed groups) in this conflict zone. It is explored how alternative security governance between the military, police, insurgents, private armies of warlords, and clans leads to tenuous and highly volatile security bargains. Findings from an Asia Foundation-funded research project, which entailed key informant interviews of military and rebel commanders and local government executives as well as focus group discussion among civil society representatives in four areas, are presented.


The creation of geodetic networks for open deposits has its own characteristics, in contrast to the creation of conventional geodetic networks. Surveying networks of support points for groups of quarries and individual quarries located in developed mining regions, as well as in large industrial, hydraulic and agricultural structures adjacent to cities, are being developed on the basis of existing networks of higher-class triangulation points. In the absence of higher-class triangulation points, open source support networks are created independently. The study of geodetic monitoring in mining, especially in deposits that are developed in an open way. The design of geodetic reference networks depends entirely on the shape of the quarry and the system of its opening. According to its form, choose the method of creating a planned geodetic basis. For the most part, a backbone network is created to further condense and create a film network.After analyzing the methods of creating a spatial reference network for open deposits, we concluded that the classical methods of creating a planned-height geodetic network on the territory of the mining enterprise are time-consuming, long-term and economically unprofitable. The GNSS method is the best for creating such networks at present. Of course, it cannot fully replace all methods due to various constraints, such as interference, lack of communication, and adverse weather conditions. Therefore, given the advantages and disadvantages of the methods analyzed in the article to create spatial networks in open fields, the authors consider it appropriate to combine the GNSS method with polygonometry, as the use of only satellite measurement method is impractical, but in combination with polygonometry -altitude networks for geodetic works. This combination significantly reduces measurement time, is less time-consuming, cost-effective and meets the accuracy requirements of the relevant networks. Approbation of the combination of methods for the creation of a spatial geodetic network for monitoring the open field was carried out at the Vilnohirsk mining and metallurgical plant.


Abstract : The study concerned the measurement of mood changes resulting from simulated sonic booms occurring during sleep. Subjects from three age groups (21 to 26, 40 to 45, and 60 to 72 years old) spent 21 consecutive nights in a sleeping room equipped for sonic-boom simulation. During the sixth through seventeenth nights, simulated sonic booms of 1.0 psf 'outdoors' overpressure level (.1 psf measured inside the sleeping rooms) were presented hourly throughout each night. As the measure of mood, the subjects completed a composite mood adjective checklist in the evening before retiring and in the morning after waking on each of the 21 days. No change in moods attributable to the occurrence of simulated sonic booms was found. Substantial effects relating to the age of subjects, irrespective of boom presentations, were obtained. It was concluded that simulated sonic booms of such low intensity were unlikely to have adverse consequences on the mood states of most individuals.


South Africa managed to have a gross saving rate of 30% to GDP before 1994 but 16% in 2009 (compared to China 52%, Russia 22%). No coincidence that China and Russia are among the economies enjoying rapid growth compared to South Africa. Could the prevalence of an 'aspirational' culture negatively impact the South African household savings in which consumption is encouraged by access to credit facilities- necessitated by the sophisticated financial sector? Econometric analysis found the following among others to be statistically significant determinants of household saving rate: level of income, uncertainty (expected inflation), public sector savings and financial development collaborating with many other studies. As both saving and consumer behaviour evolve slowly, the study estimated the correlations by means of an error correction model. This allowed me to estimate a long-run correlation between the variables and to model behaviour in the short run and 2SLS for robustness checks. The study results have diverse policy implications and the following proposals can be made: policy makers must consider fiscal tools e.g. tax incentives to encourage savings (this have been introduced in 2012 national Budget for SA), also consumer education on financial matters.


Large-eddy simulation (LES) has become an indispensable tool for prediction of turbulent atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) flow. In LES, a subgrid-scale (SGS) model accounts for the dynamics of the unresolved scales of motion. The most widely used SGS model is an eddy-viscosity closure, the Smagorinsky model, which includes a parameter that must be prescribed in some fashion, the Smagorinsky constant cs. In this dissertation, cs is measured in a specifically designed field experiment. And, the ability of so-called dynamic SGS models to predict cs is studied based on the data obtained, as well as in numerical simulations. In the field study, two vertically separated horizontal arrays of 3d-sonic anemometers are placed in the atmospheric surface layer. Results indicate that cs is reduced when the integral scale of turbulence is small compared to the grid or filter scale, such as near the ground and in stable atmospheric conditions. The field data are processed further to test whether dynamic SGS models can predict the correct coefficient values. In the scale-invariant dynamic model (Germano et al. 1991), the coefficient is derived from various data test-filtered at a larger scale assuming that cs is the same as at scale ∆. The results show that cs is significantly underpredicted whenever ∆ is larger than the large-scale limit of the inertial range. The scale-dependent dynamic model (Porté-Agel et al. 2000b) uses a second test-filter to deduce the dependence of cs on filtering scale. This model provides excellent predictions of cs and its dependence upon stability and height. Large eddy simulations of flow over a homogeneous surface with a diurnal heat flux forcing are conducted to study the prediction of cs over a wide range of stabilities in a numerical framework. The scale-invariant and scale-dependent Lagrangian dynamic SGS model are tested and compared to the field data. Consistent with the field studies, the prediction of cs from the scale-invariant model is too small, whereas the scale-dependent coefficients are more realistic. The simulation also yields new results: cs exhibits hysteresis behavior in the mixed layer. It is found that in unstable conditions, neither a surface layer parameter (Obukhov length) nor other stability parameters (gradient Richardson number) could uniquely characterize cs there. Thus, we conclude


The utility model discloses a photovoltaic sun-shading mechanism, which comprises a photovoltaic sun-shading plate (21), a support rod (25), a connecting shaft (213), a push rod (23) and a limiting component, wherein the connecting shaft (213) is fixed on the photovoltaic sun-shading plate (21); the push rod (23) is connected with a power device; the limiting component is used for limiting the position of the push rod (23); the first end of the photovoltaic sun-shading plate (21) is rotationally connected with a wall surface; the push rod (23) and the connecting shaft (213) are parallel to the photovoltaic sun-shading plate (21) and the wall surface; the first end of a first rod section (251) of the support rod (25) is rotationally connected with the connecting shaft (213); the second end of the first rod section (251) is pivoted with the first end of a second rod section (252) through a first pivot shaft (28); and the second end of the second rod section (252) is pivoted with the push rod (23) through a second pivot shaft (29), so that the second rod section (252) can swing leftwards and rightwards conveniently. The photovoltaic sun-shading mechanism provided by the utility model has higher reliability and safety and lower adjusting complexity.


Many approaches to the solutions of modern unstructured decision problems mainly involve modelling, information technology and group behaviour. The work of group decision-making can be viewed as a type of process plan that is reflected by its problem structure within which the thinking space is wide and innovative. This paper presents a Sequence-Oriented Decision Process Model (SODPM) that is based on the defined sequence of problem elements to help solve unstructured problems. A GDSSP (Group Decision Support System for Personnel Promotion) that embeds a predefined mechanism to perform decision process, decision model and decision choice is developed to experimentally demonstrate the SODPM. Empirical evaluation was conducted to derive the results for the research problems that include efficiency and group satisfaction. There were remarkable results: the SODPM can serve as a facilitative vehicle for opinion convergence and group satisfaction is highly positive. While the demonstrated domain for the example presented is personnel promotion, the proposed SODPM can be utilized to help solve the similar class of unstructured problems in other domains also.


A new technique to realize miniaturized broadband multiway and polyphase differential phase shifters is proposed and studied in this article. In contrast to existing designs based on coupled-line and loaded stubs, the multiway phase dispersions are controlled by susceptances of multiple resonant tanks in this work, which can well enlarge the operation bandwidth (BW) and avoid the unachievable physical sizes in strip width and coupling gap over a large phase shift range on the universal reference line topology. In addition, its phase-shift range can be highly extended by properly allocating resonant frequencies of resonant tanks in each path to be specified different values. The theoretical analysis and design formula are studied, and the synthesis method is presented to determine all circuit parameters. By virtue of the quasi-lumped element technology, the proposed multiway phase shifter can be flexibly implemented on a single-layer printed circuit board (PCB) substrate with a very compact size. For demonstration, a five-way differential phase shifter in 0°–180° range has been designed, fabricated, and tested. Over a BW of 80.4%, the achieved phase shifts are 45° ± 4°, 90° ± 5°, 135° ± 5°, and 180° ± 6.3° with low insertion loss (IL) (<1.05 dB) and small amplitude imbalance (<0.29 dB). To the best of our knowledge, this is the tested widest multiway differential phase shifter in the 0°–180° range up until now. Meanwhile, the whole circuit size, including the substrate, is less than $0.30\lambda _{g} \times 0.26\lambda _{g}$ .


PURPOSE: To align an axial position of a valve main body closure body with reliability by composing a valve main body adjusting mechanism of a rotatable nut means, mutual connection means, and a fixing means. CONSTITUTION: An adjusting mechanism 24 to axially position a closure body 14 is provided at a lower part 22 of a valve main body 12. This adjusting mechanism 24 is composed of a lower bushing 52 provided between the valve main body 12 and a shaft 28, a recess 60 to contain a lower end part 62 of the shaft 28, a hexagonal head 58, a nut 54 comprising a sleeve-shaped main body part 64, a thin and long interference key 70 provided between a circular groove 68 of the shaft 28 and the nut 54, and a roll pin 74 to obstruct rotation of the nut 54. Axial position of the valve main body closure body 14 can thus be aligned with reliability. COPYRIGHT: (C)1990,JPO


Sesamol (from Sesamum indicum) is a dietary compound, which is soluble in aqueous as well as lipid phases. Free radical scavenging reactions of sesamol, 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxole, have been studied using a nanosecond pulse radiolysis technique. Sesamol efficiently scavenges hydroxyl, one-electron oxidizing, organo-haloperoxyl, lipid peroxyl, and tryptophanyl radicals. Its antioxidant activity has also been evaluated with cyclic voltammetry. In biochemical studies, it has been found to inhibit lipid peroxidation, hydroxyl radical-induced deoxyribose degradation, and DNA cleavage. These antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities of sesamol have been reported in the paper.


As the result of the extensive use and high contamination of organophosphate (OP) insecticides in agricultural products and the environment, especially in developing countries, a simple and convenient means for OP detection and screening was investigated. Whole cells from the recombinant clone BpGP carrying methyl parathion (MP) degrading, mpdB, gene originating from MP-degrading Burkholderia cepacia and possessing MP-degrading activity were immobilized onto the polystyrene surface of the wells of microtiter plates using adsorption method, followed by cross-linking with glutaraldehyde. The immobilized cells were used as a bio-component for spectrophotometric detection of OP compounds, with MP as a representative insecticide. Scanning electron microscope and cell count analyses revealed highly dense, rod shaped bacterial cells stably attached to the well surface. The system was most stable at 25°C and could be used to detect MP repetitively up to 46 rounds, although it was still active at about 45% until round 100. For MP analysis, the linear range of the system was 2-200 µg/mL and the detection limit was 2 µg/mL. The tests on spiked and real samples were also performed and the results revealed high detection efficiency. This immobilized cell microtiter plate system has a great potential to be utilized as an alternative for OP detection and screening with the advantages of simplicity, stability, ease and convenience for assembly and use, and low cost.


Even if they are confident that prosperity lies just over the horizon, politicians who embark on promarket reforms know they are in for some stormy weather. How will they fare in voters' eyes once the pain is felt? Will voters inevitably turn against politicians who impose painful measures without an electoral mandate to do so? The story of economic reform and public opinion in Peru under Alberto Fujimori (1990-1995) poses just these questions. The author uses monthly public opinion polls and monthly economic data to analyze the impact of economic changes during Fujimori's reform program on opinions of the reforms and the president. The author finds that Limeños withdrew support from the program and the president when employment fell and inflation rose, responses consistent with the findings of the economic voting literature. But when real wages fell, they became optimistic about the future and more likely to support reforms and the government.


In this paper we are concerned with the solutions of the differential equation f ′′′+ ff ′′+g(f ′) = 0 on [0,∞), satisfying the boundary conditions f(0) = α, f ′(0) = β ≥ 0, f ′(∞) = λ, and where g is some given continuous function. This general boundary value problem includes the Falkner-Skan case, and can be applied, for example, to free or mixed convection in porous medium, or flow adjacent to stretching walls in the context of boundary layer approximation. Under some assumptions on the function g, we prove existence and uniqueness of a concave or a convex solution. We also give some results about nonexistence and asymptotic behaviour of the solution. AMS 2000 Subject Classification: 34B15; 34C1; 76D10.


This paper provides a rigorous analysis of the sources of changes in the U.S. skill premium between 1965-1999. Over this period, the relative wages of skilled workers have increased significantly despite the substantial growth in their relative supply. I present new empirical estimates of the impact of technology and various measures of capital in the demand for skilled labor, based on a translog production model with four (and Þve) factors and separate trends for the factor biases of technical change. I Þnd that capital-skill complementarity accounts for at most 40 percent of the rise in the skill premium, with factor nonneutral technological change and other unobservable factors accounting for most of the variation in the skill premium. Furthermore, the contribution of capital is decreasing over time while the technology effect is accelerating. I show that only a small fraction of equipment capital, information technology, is complementary to skilled labor. In fact, equipment excluding IT has narrowed the skilled wage gap. I also Þnd that skill-biased technological change takes the form of rising skilled labor efficiency and declining unskilled labor efficiency, with the latter becoming increasingly important over time. In addition, IT-using innovations are found to drive the skill premium down, which suggests that the total effect of IT is smaller than the one predicted by changing quantities alone. Finally, I Þnd that the data reject less sexible speciÞcations in favor of the translog model.


The paper's intention is a programmatic one. After presenting several definitions for the terms semantics of speech and structuralism, the topic is discussed with regard to Coseriu's theoretical framework. After confi rming that there is not a methodological assignment within the universal level, I establish the hypothesis that it is due to the impossibility of structuralism for consistently carrying it out. For this purpose, I expound some arguments from Ricoeur, criticizing however that he did not take into account the efforts of structuralism to overcome these limitations. Briefl y developing several methodological changes to structuralism, I critically comment on some of Coseriu's remarks on cognitive semantics. This allows a better understanding of the relation between the semantics of language and the semantics of speech. Finally, I propose several ways to methodologically develop the semantics of speech.


With the continuous expansion of the application field of Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) technology, it is increasingly difficult for programmers to acquire and express professional knowledge. Therefore, the demand for general case retrieval model based on Case-Based Reasoning is rising. This paper first gives a structured expression of professional knowledge, and combines the Case-Based Reasoning method with the scientific measurement of keyword weight (Term Frequency-Inverse Document Frequency, TF-IDF) to design the case organization, case retrieval and case retaining in CBR technology. It provides an effective method for general case retrieval model.


Objective To construct a eukaryotic expression system of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) gene and detect its expression. Methods The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer was de-signed based on the full sequence of mFAP in GenBank (NM_007986). The mFAP gene was inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pcDNA6/myc-His-B. The total RNA was extracted and re-transdueted into cDNA from the gastrocnemius on the 1st, 3rd, 5th and 7th day after the vector was inoculated into the tail vein of BALB/C mice. Results The results showed that the positive cloning of mFAP recombinant could express the FAP protein accurately and stably in the eukaryotes, and the biggest amount of FAP gene (0.841±0.040) and protein (85.380 ±4.425)% expression in BALB/C mice appeared on the 5th day, which was significant differ-ence from blank control group (P < 0. 01 ). Conclusion The recombinant eukaryotic expression system has been constructed successfully and accurately.

Key words:
Fibroblast activation protein;  Eukaryotic expression vector


The assessment of the possibilities and limits of TPEs is carried out based on characteristic quantities which are determined according to the standardised rubber test methods. These test methods are oriented towards the unique behaviour of common rubber materials, but may be not fully suited to detect the different behaviour of TPEs. The subject of this work is the presentation of new test methods that can contribute to a better characterisation of TPEs. Thus the mechanical and thermal-mechanical limits of TPEs can be estimated more precisely as before.


This paper describes the development of the Dry Creek Watershed Flood Control Plan. This study was conducted to quantify the extent of the existing and future (buildout) drainage problems in the watershed. The HEC-1 and HEC-2 computer programs were used for this analysis, in addition to several special programs developed to aid in data manipulation and analysis. Proposed improvements include floodplain management; local, on-site detention basins, bridge and culvert improvements; regional detention basins; and channel and floodplain improvements.


This chapter discloses how the University of Virginia (UVA), with the rest of Charlottesville, braced for the Unite the Right onslaught. It looks into the collection of essays edited by professors Louis P. Nelson and Claudrena N. Harold on the events in Charlottesville in 2017. It also explains Nelson and Harold's observation of UVA prior to the summer of 2017, noting that UVA as an institution generally positioned itself as separate from the city. The chapter explores the layers of complexity and intensity that were unique to UVA, starting from its founding by Thomas Jefferson, who owned slaves, to its complicity in the eugenics movement and resurgence of racism in the 1920s. It also notes how the conflicts of America's culture war and constitutional unconsciousness have played out with special intensity on public and private university and college campuses.


Objective To investigate the serum level changes of growth hormone in main syndrome types of chronic hepatitis B. Method The patients with chronic hepatitis B (n=100) were divided into 3 groups: the group with the syndrome of damp-heat obstructing in zhong jiqo (group 1, n=17), the group with the syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen insufficiency (group 2, n=25) and the group with the syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney yin (group 3, n=58). Otherwise the control group was set up including 57 cases of the health. The serum level changes of growth hormone were detected by using radioimmunoassay in the fasting serum. Result The serum level of growth hormone in group 1, 2 and 3 was significantly decreased than that in the control group (P0.05), and that in group 2 and 3 was significantly decreased than that in group 1 (P0.05). Conclusion The patients with chronic hepatitis B suffer from the disorder of neuroendocrine system, which are more serious in the syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen insufficiency and the syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney yin than in the syndrome of damp-heat obstructing in zhong jiqo (P0.05).


The tool-chip contact length has an important effect in view of tool life and tool wear in machining process. An increase in tool-chip contact length may results in a decrease of tool life. Besides the tool-chip contact length is an important element in formation of crater wear. The increasing of tool-chip contact length results in increase of friction forces acting on tool rake face and affects the temperature distributions along the cutting tool. First, in this study, all analytical models proposed to calculate the tool-chip contact length were compared with each other. Second, the tool-chip contact length was calculated using three different models for different workpiece materials and cutting parameters. The experiments were performed in a series of test in order to understand the relationship between tool-chip contact length and cutting velocity, material type and undeformed chip thickness. The turning tests were carried out under orthogonal cutting conditions and ceramic cutting tool was used. According to results, the increasing of feed rate and type of workpiece material have an important effect on the tool-chip contact length.


It is essential to examinate software. This article describes a tool that formally verifies ANSI-C programs. The tool implements a technique called Bounded Model Checking(BMC). It can verify the consistency of the HDL implementation. This paper first introduces the function and usage of CBMC and its installation under windows especially then uses CBMC to check a circuit with the Verilog language the example indicate the usage of hardware verification using CBMC.


The title of the volume "Sensory Mechanisms" is in some ways a misnomer. It conveys an impression of breadth of subject matter or topical treatment which, it is obvious from the preface, was never intended. As stated by the editor, the book consists of a series of instructive lectures on various topics which were given in 1964 at the International Summer School of Brain Research in Amsterdam. The most cohesive section of the book consists of the three chapters dealing with olfaction. The relatively lengthy chapter on the comparative anatomy of the olfactory system in submammals and vertebrates by Nieuwenhuys is comprehensive and contains numerous well prepared illustrations. A clear introduction is followed by an informative presentation of the olfactory anatomy of fish, amphibians, reptiles, and birds. The chapter terminates with an interesting general discussion and summary. Of equally high caliber is the chapter by Lohman and Hammers on the


The analysis of political discourse has an important place in media circles, especially in the field of editing news and news reports, as it is intended to clarify the special events related to communications, and the formation and change of political discourse systems. In order to analyze texts and discursive events in order to reach discourse systems and social systems, texts and events within the political and social fields must be studied, by relying on cultural information and written words in political discourse.


The strongest arguments for the permissibility of geoengineering (also known as climate engineering) rely implicitly on non-ideal theory—roughly, the theory of justice as applied to situations of partial compliance with principles of ideal justice. In an ideally just world, such arguments acknowledge, humanity should not deploy geoengineering; but in our imperfect world, society may need to complement mitigation and adaptation with geoengineering to reduce injustices associated with anthropogenic climate change. We interpret research proponents' arguments as an application of a particular branch of non-ideal theory known as "clinical theory." Clinical theory aims to identify politically feasible institutions or policies that would address existing (or impending) injustice without violating certain kinds of moral permissibility constraints. We argue for three implications of clinical theory: First, conditional on falling costs and feasibility, clinical theory provides strong support for some geoengineering techniques that aim to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Second, if some kinds of carbon dioxide removal technologies are supported by clinical theory, then clinical theory further supports using those technologies to enable "overshoot" scenarios in which developing countries exceed the cumulative emissions caps that would apply in ideal circumstances. Third, because of tensions between political feasibility and moral permissibility, clinical theory provides only weak support for geoengineering techniques that aim to manage incoming solar radiation.


used as an electrolyte with SCE and Pt wire as a reference and counter electrodes, respectively. The scan rate for the linear sweep voltammetry and the cyclic voltammetry was 10 mV s − 1 . The photoelectrodes were illuminated with simulated AM 1.5 solar spectrum (Newport Xe Arc Lamp Source) equipped with liquid IR filter and a cut-off filter ( λ > 500 nm). The incident light intensity was measured to be 80 mW cm − 2 . Photocurrent stability tests were carried out by measuring photocurrents under chopped light illumination at a fixed electrode potential of 0 V versus RHE. Before linear sweep voltammetry and chronoamperometry measurements, the electrolyte was constantly bubbled with N 2 to remove oxygen thereby eliminating erroneous signals arising from oxygen reduction.


Frequency Selective Surface (FSS) is a two-dimensional periodic structure; it can effectively control the e-leetrornagnetic waves reflection and propagation. The application progress of frequency selective surfaces in electromagnetic wave absorbing materials is introduced.


In this paper, we describe the location method for Smartphone. The method uses combination of camera and orientation sensor for reduces processing cost for smartphone, because a resource of a smartphone is low and image processing needs high processing resource.


BACKGROUND
To evaluate the effects of a single intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (ivTA) or bevacizumab (ivBe) on visual acuity and central macular thickness (CMT) in cases of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO) for eyes that are treatment-naïve.

METHODS
This consecutive, retrospective, nonrandomized, clinical interventional study included 83 patients (83 eyes) with macular edema secondary to BRVO who received single ivTA (25 patients) or ivBe (24 patients) injections, or no treatment (controls, 34). The main outcomes included CMT measurements using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA).

RESULTS
CMT decreased significantly from baseline at 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks after treatment (p < 0.05) in both the intravitreal groups and the control group. BCVA improved significantly from baseline at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment among the ivTA group (p < 0.05) and at 4, 8 and 12 weeks after treatment among the ivBe group (p < 0.05). Comparing CMT between the groups, significant differences were found between ivTA and control groups and ivBe and control groups at the 4- and 8- week checkpoints (p < 0.05). Significant differences were found in BCVA only between ivBe and control groups at the 8-week checkpoint (p = 0.049). No significant differences were found for CMT and BCVA between the ivBe and ivTA groups (p > 0.05) at any checkpoint after treatment. No patient experienced immediate procedure-related complications or any obvious systemic adverse events in either the ivTA group or the ivBe group. Delayed complications included steroid induced ocular hypertension in eight eyes (32%) and development of posterior subcapsular cataracts in five eyes (28%) in the ivTA group.

CONCLUSIONS
Both the ivTA and ivBe therapies were beneficial short-term treatment options for the treatment of macular edema secondary to BRVO. However, the ivBe treatment appears to be safer and less prone to adverse side effects such as ocular hypertension and cataract compared with ivTA therapy.


The European Union and Global Climate Change is a welcome contribution to the emerging professional literature on national greenhouse gas (GHG) programmes. It provides a concise summary of programmes in five European countries (the UK, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and Austria). It also takes a cool look at the credibility of them meeting national targets, as specified under the EU's Kyoto target-sharing 'bubble' agreement, and in some cases the more demanding domestic political targets. Whilst every European country has its own interesting features, the five chosen represent an intelligent selection of case studies. Germany and the UK are the EU's two largest emitters; Germany in particular has adopted ambitious targets and placed itself at the forefront of international climate change positions, whilst the UK has emerged as the only other country to share Germany's record of substantial CO2 emission reductions. The Netherlands has long been a stalwart of European environmental policy, whilst Austria can be seen as representing the more 'radical fringe' of strongly environmentalist smaller member states, and stands out for the high share (25%) of renewable energy in its energy mix. Spain, in contrast, is by far the largest of the EU's poorer Cohesion countries, which have secured room for considerable emissions growth in the EU's bubble agreement. Overall the report delivers a mixed impression of European climate policy. Perhaps the strongest themes to emerge are the range of policies being adopted, but their relatively limited degree of impact to date compared to the underlying pressures. This is matched however by increasing seriousness of the policies being developed: the overall conclusion is that 'the political commitment to take action on GHG emissions appears generally to be strong and supported by public opinion'. Along with this political assessment, the report gives a useful overview of the specific measures being taken in the different countries. The broadest feature is the extent to which governments are now taking measures that affect energy market investments. Specific regulations to promote renewable energy and co-generation are commonplace; and all countries except Spain have now enacted broader economic incentives in the form of energy or ecotaxation, and with the UK (also The Netherlands) actively developing emission trading programmes. Negotiated agreements with energy-intensive industrial sectors, mostly as part of the negotiated package around tax legislation, are also commonplace. Numerically, the picture is very varied. The EU overall will meet its Rio UNFCCC commitment of keeping CO2 emissions below 1990 levels by 2000, due mainly to reductions in Germany and the UK that have offset growth elsewhere. In both, the reductions are partly fortuitous; the 'wall-fall' reductions arising from German reunification, and the 'dash-for-gas' reductions arising from the specific form of UK electricity privatisation. The report usefully illustrates that both countries have also enacted more direct policies to constrain emissions, but does not provide any numerical analysis. This situation has allowed the widespread impression that these countries' reductions are entirely fortuitous, but the reality is more complex (the papers on Germany and the UK in this Special Issue of Climate Policy both conclude that about half the national reductions are attributable to these co-incidental gains, which probably account for about 4–5% reductions in EU CO2 emissions overall). Emissions in the other three countries analysed in this report have risen. CO2 emissions in The Netherlands rose sharply during the 1990s despite domestic measures, to almost 17% above 1990 levels; the Dutch economy, as a major industrial trading centre, depends upon heavy industry and transport, and with rapid economic growth it has been unable to reign in the associated emissions, leaving it far adrift


We study scattering of polarized light by a rotating (Kerr) black hole of the mass M and the angular momentum J. In order to keep trace of the polarization dependence of photon trajectories one can use the following dimensionless parameter: $\varepsilon=\pm (\omega M)^{-1}$, where $\omega$ is the photon frequency and the sign + (-) corresponds to the right (left) circular polarization. We assume that $|\varepsilonl << 1$ and use the modified geometric optics approximation developed in [1], that is we include the first order in $\varepsilon$ polarization dependent terms into the eikonal equation. These corrections modify late time behavior of photons. We demonstrate that the photon moves along a null curve, which in the limit $\varepsilon=0$ becomes a null geodesic. We focus on the scattering problem for polarized light. Namely, we consider the following problems: (i) How does the photon bending angle depend on its polarization; (ii) How does position of the image of a point-like source depend on its polarization; (iii) How does the arrival time of photons depend on their polarization. We perform the numerical calculations that illustrate these effects for an extremely rotating black hole and discuss their possible applications.


Traditional blocking artifacts reduction algorithm often causes image edges losing. To address this problem, a fuzzy edge-sensitivity blocking artifacts reduction algorithm is proposed. Based on some characteristics of human visual system, this algorithm applies adaptive filter to current pixel by integrating fuzzy logic technique. The experimental results show that this algorithm can obtain better results than traditional ones.


Studies have shown that grain crushing will not occur as readily at reservoir pore pressures as in laboratory tests at atmospheric pore pressure. Nevertheless, it is likely that many of the deep unconsolidated sand formations are at stress conditions close to the crushing failure range. Stress concentrations around the borehole and perforations (i.e., arching) can bring this sand even nearer the crushing range, or into it. If an arch forms and then crushes, it may reform with relieved stresses in the dilatant range (or at the critical constant-volume stress). A sand-consolidation plastic treatment at this stage can provide ample cohesiveness to stabilize the formation sand at a loading in its dilatant range. But, if stresses later increase enough (due to pressure drawdown or other causes) to reach the crushing stress of the sand, the arch will fail. Most or all of the cohesiveness of the sheared sand will be lost, and it can be washed out about as easily as the sand before consolidation. Such a sand, injected so as to achieve dense enough packing to be dilatant, can form a very stable arch, even with a plastic of moderate cohesiveness. (12 refs.)


Public administration reform in Romania has been inextricably related to the European accession process. This situation is generated by the fact that the reform process was a late one and it accelerated only when it was becoming obvious that without it the accession to the EU was in jeopardy. Politico administrative relations within the civil service have thus, for the most part of the 1990s, continued to be influenced by the patterns of behaviour that existed before prior to the 1989 revolution. By analyzing the central, ministerial level we can see that the reforms appeared mostly in connection and as a response to the accession process of Romania to the European Union. Politico-administrative relations have shifted visibly in the areas most linked to the integration process through creation of new support structures within ministries and agencies, thus connecting on a cross-sectoral basis different levels in public administration. This article investigates the impact of the creation of such structures, which had their origin in the Prime Minister's cabinet, and the extent of their influence on the already existing patterns of behaviour in the Romanian public administration. It starts to analyze the existing behavioural patterns and the modification that such actions have brought, followed by analyzing the administrative response to European integration and its significance for the shift in the power relations between different levels in public administration. Created by governmental decision and thus closely linked to the Prime Minister's office the new structures have however enjoyed a relative rate success. Such progress toward greater professionalization and independence of the administration has been uneven and limited. The EU's responses to the challenges of reform in Romania are found to have a limited effect on changing the relevant power structures and are criticized for not tackling core structural causes of the slow pace of reform which are located in the public administration itself.


high selectivity to MR, which became clinically available in Japan in 2019. Clinical Case: A 57-year-old woman showed a left adrenal incidentaloma (15mm) on MRI. Serological tests confirmed a diagnosis of primary aldosteronism: baseline plasma aldosterone concentration (PAC) was elevated (47.3 ng/dL, n < 15.9 ng/dL), and plasma renin activity (PRA) below sensi-tivity. PAC after saline infusion was 43.2 ng/dL. Overnight 1mg dexamethasone suppression test was negative. Her blood pressure had been well-controlled with amlodipine 5mg daily. Despite of large amount of potassium supplemen-tation (96 mmol/day orally and 50 mmol/day intravenously), the level of serum potassium remained low (3.2 mmol/L). Adrenal venous sampling (AVS) was performed success-fully, showing laterality index of 45.8 on left. Segmental AVS supported aldosterone hypersecretion from the tumor. After diagnosis, esaxerenone was introduced and the patient became normokalemic without potassium supple-mentation after a week. No adverse effect occurred in a period of two months before surgery. She underwent lap-aroscopic left total adrenalectomy. The tumor was positive for CYP11B2, consistent with aldosterone producing adenoma (APA). She became normotensive and normokalemic without any medications. Conclusion: This case illustrates the preoperative effec-tiveness of esaxerenone on blood pressure and hypokalemia in patients with APA. Literature data is limited to small series. of microbial richness and evenness were significantly different in bGH mice (p = 0.034 and 0.023). Bacterial genera Lactobacillus , Ruminococcaceae and Lachnospiraceae were identified as a unique candidates in bGH mice across all timepoints. Likewise, metabolic pathways involved in biosynthesis of heme b, menaquinol, acetate and butyrate differentiated the longitudinal bGH microbiome. Collectively, these results show that chronic, excess GH impacts the development and aging of the gut microbiome. Notably, several of the stated bacterial genera and metabolic pathways were associated with GH in our previous study, suggesting that GH may influence the longitudinal presence of certain gut microbes and metabolic functions. Additional studies will be performed to further explore the GH-associated gut microbiome and its impact on host health. Research was partially


Labels implying deviance or handicap can have stigmatizing effects. However, developmental theory and research suggest that such label effects may depend on cognitive processes that only develop in later childhood—processes such as trait inference and the logical linkage of attributions, expectancies, and behavior prescriptions. To test this possibility, we had third, sixth, and ninth graders watch a videotape in which a child failed a puzzle task; all of the students had identical information about the child's achievement scores and puzzle ability, but half were told that the child was mentally retarded. Consistent with key person perception and social cognition findings, the traidike retarded label had little impact on younger children but strong effects on older ones. Like adults in earlier research, sixth and ninth graders saw low effort as a less important cause of failure for the retarded than for the unlabeled child, and they saw less need to urge the retarded child to persist. Correlations showed no evidence of logical linkages among attributions, expectancies, and persistence-urging among third graders, but strong linkages among sixth and ninth graders. The findings suggest that label effects are mediated by cognitive processes dependent on developmental level. There is ample evidence that labels can activate sets that shape person perception. Labels such as warm versus cold can shape people's first impressions of a lecturer (Kelley, 1950) and their more carefully considered judgments about people in simulated job interviews (Huguenard, Sager, & Ferguson, 1970). The simple information that a child is feeling "under par" can significantly color the descriptions people write of that child's behavior (Rapp, 1965). Labels implying deviance, deficit, or a handicap may be especially important because their effects are often stigmatizing. Langer and Abelson (1974) showed clinicians a videotaped interview with a man labeled as either a job applicant or a (mental) patient. Clinicians given the patient label evaluated the interviewee as significantly more disturbed than did clinicians given the job applicant label. Finer and Kahle (1984) found that people performed better on a highly salient memory test when they thought their partner was a former mental patient than when they had no such information; the people were presumably attempting to cope with, and compensate for, perceived disability of their partners.


In order to screen suitable high hybrid wheat seed production technology, the split-plot experiment design was adopted and study was carried out about the effects of the different row ratios of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on hybrid wheat seed production and its component factors. The results showed that the seed production increased with the increase in the number of female parent row. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2:6, the seed production was 3 683.8 kg/ha; when the application amount of nitrogen fertilization was 50 kg/ha, the seed production was 3 649.4 kg/ha; the interaction between the row ratio of male and female parents and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer indicated that when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2:6 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha, the seed production reached the highest (4 160.6 kg/ha). The row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the component factors of seed production, including the number of grains per spike, spike weight and setting percentage. When the row ratio of male and female parents was 2:5, the number of grains per spike, spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26.7 grains, 1.12 g, and 62.6% respectively; when application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 450 kg/ha, the number of grains per spike, spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 26.0 grains, 1.08 g, and 59.2% respectively; the interaction of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer had significant effect on the number of grains per spike, spike weight and setting percentage; when the row ratio of male and female parents was 2:5 and the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer was 300 kg/ha, the number of grains per spike, spike weight and setting percentage were the highest at 29.6 grains, 1.24 g, and 71.6% respectively. Conclusions: the number of grains per spike is the largest component factor for seed production. Increasing the number of grains per spike can increase the seed production. According to the effects of row ratio of male and female parents and application amount of nitrogen fertilizer on the component factors of seed production, the optimal condition was 2:5-2:6 for row ratio of male and female parents and 300-450 kg/ha for application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.


A new and unprecedented model for P/sub i/ translocation into Methanobacterium thermoautotrophicum is proposed. It is based on an analysis of the rates of P/sub i/ uptake and concomitant flux through the cyclic-2,3-diphosphoglycerate (cDPG) pool in the presence of cyanide. CN/sup -/ completely blocks flow of carbon into cellular constituents, but methanogenesis continues at about 70%, indicating considerable energy flow. P/sub i/ uptake continued at 20% of control for 30 min or longer, resulting in an expansion of the intracellular P/sub i/ pool. During this period the flux of phosphate through the cDPG pool remained equal to the rate of P/sub i/ entry. The distribution of /sup 32/P in cDPG showed that the C-2 phosphoryl group was labeled preferentially, indicating that this phosphoryl group has a half-life under 10 min in the presence of CN/sup -/. Since CN/sup -/ completely blocks CO/sub 2/ fixation but does not interfere with cDPG turnover, cDPG is neither a biosynthetic intermediate nor a phosphate storage compound. Earlier they had demonstrated that this methanogen can transport P/sub i/ against a million-fold concentration gradient via a H/sub 2/-driven transport system having a K/sub m/ of 25 nM. The evidence that cDPG may play a role inmore » this transport mechanism seems compelling, but further studies are needed.« less


From the inception of Christianity. Jesus Christ and his followers, who had worked closely with Him. had certain objectives and perception about the faith. Jesus Christ, the fulfillment of the prophecies became the ideal of the new religion. In the fulfillment of time, God had revealed Himself to His people. Each person who accepted Christianity was urged to become Christlike. The major objective of Christianity was to reveal the Father and to win followers for Him through His Son. This was first preached to the Jewish people who were then the 'chosen people*. With the exception of a small community of followers in Jerusalem, these people rejected both Christ and His message. After this rejection, Christianity was preached to the Gentiles and spread to the countries of Asia Minor, North Africa and finally Europe. The major strategy of the propagators of the Gospel message was the preaching of equality of human beings as children of God and fraternal love. By the time Christianity came to the rest of Africa and Tanzania in particular, it had gone through various interpretations and modifications. It had experienced schisms and heresies and the African, who was at the receiving end, became a victim of divisions', sects and sub-sects. The missionaries addressed themselves to individuals and through the individuals to society. Their major aim was not only to convert the individuals but also society. Those individuals who became converted to the


Software-Defined Networking brings application-level programmability to access and aggregation networks. This paper explains architectures and use-cases and reviews recent work.


This study aimed to look at the readiness of teachers in the use of Google Classroom application in mathematics subjects. The use of the Google Classroom application which is an M-learning platform in teaching and learning was implemented intensively after our government introduced the Social Distancing Policy. The methodology of this study is quantitative and questionnaires are distributed to respondents in the form of Google Forms. A total of 99 primary and secondary school teachers were selected as study respondents. Study data were analyzed using SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Science) version 26. Statistical analysis used was descriptive statistics involving frequency, mean score and percentage, while inferential statistics involved t-test at a significance level of p <0.05. The results showed that gender factors did not affect the level of readiness of teachers from all aspects studied, namely knowledge, skills and attitudes. Overall, the aspect of teachers 'knowledge and skills towards the use of Google Classroom application is high, while from the aspect of teachers' attitude towards the use of Google Classroom application is moderate


The injection of a liquid jet into a crossflowing air stream is a simple approach to dispersing material over a desired area. This problem has been the subject of substantial research over the past two decades. However, experimental results obtained under crossflowing conditions that are representative of those found in afterburners are not available. The present paper summarizes the work to date in the study of liquid jets in crossflow relative to the conditions of interest and offers some explanation for the wide variation in simplified models describing basic fe atures such as penetration. This sets the foundation for a need to extend the experimental domain of the these studies to include conditions representative of those found in augmentors. A design approach for the development of a facility to provide a range of representative conditions is described. The facility developed is described in detail and example results are presented which illustrate the evolution of the test rig along with the general capabilities available.


This paper is a tutorial on axiomatic conjoint measurement. It summarizes recent developments, illustrates the use of these developments in investigating ordinal data relations, relates axiomatic and numerical scaling procedures, describes previous applications of conjoint measurement, and suggests future applications in the decision sciences. Emphasis is placed on the contributions axiomatic conjoint measurement could make to the analyses of ordinal data structures.


According to quantum size effect and interface defects theory, the phase-modificate defects engineering photocatalyst MoS2/CdS-1/CdS-2 with smaller lattice mismatch degree was successfully designed...


The unsaponifiable matter of oils contain steroids which are principally most physiologically active substances. Corticosteroids and 17 Ketosteroids have been used in acuteleukemia ( J o h n , 1961) and leprosy ( T a k e s h i t a and W a t a n a b l e , 1962), respectively. The excretion of the latter is decreased in diabatic ( T a c o b el 1 i et al. 1962), asthama (Po I s k i e , 1960) and pulmonary tuberculosis L i m a ns k a y a , 1961) patients. The present communication consists of the studies of unsaponifiable matter of Oriza sativa husk oil. The unsaponifiable matter has been studied by its separation into different fractions using column chromatography over alumina as adsorbent and using different solvents for elution. Each fraction was further purified and crystallized. Presence of functional groups were tested and the compounds were identified by determination of molecular weight, combustion, infra-red spectra and fluorescence produced under ultra violet light. The ingradients of the unsaponifiable matter of rice husk oil were identified to be 11, deoxy corticosterone, ferulic acid and coprostane.


In this paper a three part traffic simulation environment is utilized to quantify the multi-objective optimization frontier of variable speed limit (VSL) control. Specifically the trade-off between safety and mobility performance is quantified for a VSL control algorithm designed to homogenize vehicle speeds within a freeway incident region. A microscopic driver model for VSL traffic previously developed by the authors is implemented in VISSIM's API module and simulation is controlled via a MATLAB COM interface. Results indicate an inverse relationship between safety and mobility performance, forcing jurisdictions designing VSL systems to either conduct multi-objective optimization or set a dominant policy objective (safety versus mobility). Control algorithm parameters that invoke VSL adjustment more frequently produce greater safety benefits but also greater mobility impairments. Freeway volume had no significant effect on VSL performance in this study.


In article conditions of social and economic development of regions and the problems arising in this process are studied. In this regard problems of public administration of regional policy in problem territories for what criteria and systems of indicators of an assessment of level of economic development of regions are proved are considered.


Abstract The gradual establishment of systematic, equalized, and standardized basic public services has drawn attention of the academic community to the mismatch between supply-demand, and public dissatisfaction. Big-data-driven public services innovatively attempt to solve these problems, and reflect the theoretical essence of the process by which big data can empower the responsiveness of governments. In this study, we adopted the theoretical frameworks of 'diversified needs–selective responses', 'risk shocks–forward-looking responses', and 'forward-looking predictions–creative responses'. We propose that big data-driven public services should respond not only to present needs but also to social risks and future needs. Therefore, it is imperative to review the status, problems, and future directions of big data-driven public service research in China. This study uses bibliometric visualization analysis on data from research projects, monographs, and journal publications. The results reveal that the main research topics are basic theoretical issues, service-oriented government development guided by big data strategies, practical innovation of public services in the context of smart governance, and the effective supply of big data-driven public services. Previous studies suffered from weak theoretical reflection and construction, lacked relevant institutions, had less fine-grained and fragmented technical support, and lacked foresight and guidance. Attention should be paid to normative theories and institutions in big data-driven public services to ensure that these services are more targeted and prospective; creative research should be conducted. The systematic summarization of the current state of research and reflections on prospective and creative research trends will provide new ideas regarding future research directions.


Eighteenth years been treated by a number of scholars to a systemic analysis, one that borrows ideas and idioms from the modern science of international relations. The approach has at times been very rewarding,1 and it accords with an understandable desire to search out the major themes of the period and to understand the dynamics of change. It also springs from a measure of irritation with traditional scholars whose accounts, drawing heavily on the archives, do not always appear to match modern preoccupations. The danger of such an approach, however, is that in moving away from the archives, accounts can be presented that would have surprised the statesmen of the period; moreover, the scholar has little to offer other than suggestions that can be as readily queried as asserted. A recent study of Austrian foreign policy in the eighteenth century concludes :


much of this exploration is Whitaker's conceptualization of a deep connection between ritual performance and the formation and affirmation of R. gvedic man's sense of himself: "masculinity and strength in ancient India derive from in part from ritual participation, rather than being a natural consequence of gender. . ." (p. 16). Here, Whitaker exposes the tension inherent in the notion that the celebrated qualities of masculinity are to some degree innate, but at the same time, they must also be won through ritual performances (see, e.g., pp. 56, 105, and 144). Throughout, Whitaker supports his arguments by marshalling an astonishing array of R. gvedic textual evidence (seen both in the book's main text and in the substantial endnotes). In comparison, Whitaker's rather limited discussion of what constitutes masculinity in general (which Whitaker does note is a gendered "construction" [p. 15], but tells us little else), and his seeming lack of concern with the overall context of R. gvedic culture and history (see, e.g., p. 163), is slightly disarming. And, though it is a small point, I found Whitaker's work marred by a discussion (or, more precisely, a dismissal) of Jan Heesterman's wellknown work on Vedic ritual; for, not only does the discussion seem misplaced (as Whitaker even notes, Heesterman's work is drawn from post-R. gvedic materials [p. 164]), but Heesterman's central thesis about an "inner conflict of tradition" seems to me to support rather than detract from many of Whitaker's arguments. These issues are but minor distractions from the overall contribution Whitaker's Strong Arms and Drinking Strength makes to our knowledge and understanding (for both specialist and non-specialist) of R. gvedic thought.


The reactions of photolytically generated sulfate radical-anion, SO4˙–, with several nitrogen-containing heterocycles of the azolinone type in aqueous solutions were studied by ESR spectroscopy. SO4˙– reacts by formal hydrogen abstraction from an NH group to yield neutral radicals in acidic and neutral solutions and the respective radical-anions at basic pH. The pKa-values of radicals derived from 2,3-dihydroimidazol-2(1H)-one, 2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H imidazole-4-carboxylic acid and 2,3-dihydroindazol-3(1H)-one were determined to be in the range 8.5–10.4. In the cases of 2,3-dihydroimidazol-2(1H)-one and 2,3-dihydropyrazol-3(1H)-one secondary radicals were detected at basic pH. These radicals resulted from the disproportionation of the primary radicals followed by addition of OH– and oxidation of the OH-adduct.


Singareni Collieries Company Limited (SCCL) is the second largest coal mining company in India after Coal India Limited (CIL) with a total man power of 56,282 during 2016-17. It is a public sector coal mining company jointly owned by Telangana State Government (51 Percent share capital) and the Government of India (49 percent share capital). The company's accredited function is to explore and exploit coal deposits in the Godavari Valley coal field area covering the four districts of Telangana State namely Adilabad, Karimnagar, Khammam and Warangal. The company markets its coal to diverse industries such as thermal power plants, cement, steel, paper, textiles, tobacco, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, distilleries etc. With spurt in industrial growth and the resultant increase in demand for electricity, the company has been playing a key role in the growth and development of the nation. Further, the new Electricity Act providing opportunities for independent power production and distribution, the demand for coal has increased phenomenally. In short, the demand for its coal is more than what it can supply to the market. Hence the company has to take measures to increase its coal production and productivity, which in turn to a large extent depends upon positive organizational culture. In a dynamic and changing environment, culture's flexibility, adaptiveness and responsiveness create organizational capabilities. Organizational culture plays a vital role in the survival and success of organizations. Hence, the present article focuses on the perception of employees of SCCL on the Organizational Culture that is prevailing and whether the present Organizational culture is conducive to the productive performance or not. Certain Statistical tools like Chi-Square test, ANOVA and T-test have been applied to validate the perception of employees.


Initially, the working groups proposed that the amendments to the ISDA Master Agreements be effected through the use of a Master Agreement Protocol. Ultimately, though, the working groups decided that the Protocol approach was too complicated, from an operational and logistical perspective, given the number and nature of the proposed amendments. Accordingly, it was decided that the four euro annexes should be separated from the Master Agreement Protocol and compiled in their own 2001 Euro Protocol. Given that twelve national currency units are to be replaced by the euro on January 1, 2002, it was critical to move forward with the 2001 Euro Protocol so that institutions had appropriate time to make necessary changes in their documentation and operations units. The 2001 Euro Protocol is available on ISDA's website, www.isda.org, and the adherence period ends on November 30, 2001. We encourage you to adhere to the 2001 Euro Protocol.


Automated system (AS) of quality evaluation of chronic acalculous cholecys-titis was developed. As a basis was assumed method of sequential analysis worked out by A. Wald, decision trees. AS was developed in Visual Studio 2010 on object-oriented programming language C# on platform .NET Framework 4.0. Offered approach can be used for analysis of medical aid with the purpose of potential problems revelation and intermediate control of administrative decisions efficiency.


Have carried on the detailed one to the gain and loss that enterprises innovated, Because innovation only way that enterprise develop constantly, enterprise power source of development too, enterprise innovative risk and opportunity coexist, rational thinking so that enterprise innovate gain and lose, help scientific ground decision enterprise innovations and make enterprise innovations it receives to be should be effective.


Assembly pathways of protein complexes should be precise and efficient to minimise misfolding and unwanted interactions with other proteins in the cell. One way to achieve this is by seeding complex assembly during translation via nascent chain engagement. Here, we considered the possibility that the propensity of subunits to cotranslationally assemble is ingrained within the interface hierarchy of protein complexes. Using a combination of proteome-specific structure data and assembly-onset positions determined by ribosome profiling, we show that larger interfaces are prioritised in the course of cotranslational assembly. We observe that this effect is not exclusive to homomeric complexes, but appears to drive the assembly of heteromeric subunits, to the extent that interface size differences are detectable between N and C-terminal locations, with the former being larger on average. We provide explanations to this phenomenon and discuss its importance in a biological context.