Abstract : The purpose of this paper is to investigate economic feasibility of manganese nodules in the areaobtained by Korea (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone). We assumed that the production scale of manganesenodules were 3.0 MT (million ton(dry)) or 1.5 MT, and estimated the capital costs and operating costs bysectors such as exploration, mining, transportation, and metallurgical process. The capital cost and operatingcost evaluation reflects the latest technical practices. First, for analyzing economic feasibility, the scenariosuggests that the production of 4 metals can be made for 25 years. It is assumed that the discount rate, equitycapital, and tax rate are each 8.0%, 50%, and 27%. 3.0 MT of manganese nodule were mined, economicfeasibility analyses showed that IRR was 12.8 and pay-back period was 9.2 years, and when 1.5 MT ofmanganese nodule were mined, economic feasibility analyses showed that IRR was 4.0 and pay-back periodwas 11.8 years. This study shows that there exists economic feasibility when 3.0 MT of manganese areproduced. In addition, we carried out a sensitivity analysis at the change of cobalt price on mining 1.5 MT.The result of sensitivity analysis shows that economic feasibility goes up as increase of cobalt price (50% up).Key words : (Economic feasibility study), (Manganese nodules), (Clarion-Clipperton Fracture Zone)


This paper describes the development and characterization of anisotropically conductive films (ACFs) incorporated with copper (Cu) particles as electrically conductive fillers for environmentally friendly, low cost, high electrical, and high thermal interconnect applications in microelectronics packaging. The Cu particle surface modification by a coupling agent and its effects on the electrical conductivity and thermal stability of Cu-filled ACF joints were investigated for the potential alternatives of conventional Au-coated polymer and Au-coated Ni-filled ACFs. The surface characteristics of a thin film of the coupling agent on copper surfaces such as element analysis, their hydrophobicity, and thermal stability were evaluated. The treated Cu ball-filled ACF showed the lowest contact resistance 1.0×10 -5 Ω, higher current carrying capability, and higher thermal stability of ACF joints compared with the conventional Au-coated polymer ball and Au-coated Ni ball-filled anisotropically conductive adhesives.


Lake Kivu is a volcanic barrier lake in the East African rift valley whose freshwater crab fauna (Potamonautidae) is largely undocumented. The present taxonomic revision revealed four species of freshwater crabs from Lake Kivu: Potamonautes idjwiensis (Chace, 1942), Potamonautes mutandensis (Chace, 1942), Potamonautes lirrangensis (Rathbun, 1904) and Potamonautes bourgaultae, sp. nov. Potamonautes idjwiensis and P. mutandensis are redescribed and distributional maps of all four species are provided. The four species are compared with each other, each species is illustrated, and a key to the species is included. The freshwater crab diversities of the African Great Lakes are also briefly compared.


contributes substantially in other applications ranging from food processing to pharmaceuticals. Pectin is a water-soluble fiber and used in various foods as emulsifier, stabilizer, gelling, and thickening agent. Pectin is widely used in industry as emulsifier, stabilizer, gelling agent and also used for food packaging. (Ngouémazong et al., 2015). This study has been designed to find out the expression of pectin esterase at different levels of development and ripening in some exotic cultivars of banana in Pakistan. No study has been previously carried out in these cultivars for these parameters from emergence to over ripening stages. The purpose of the study is to assess at which stage of development, the expression of pectin esterase is higher or lower. The outcome is expected to be useful for further studies at molecular level like over regulation, inhibition or control of pectin esterase expression Abstract Pectin is a very important ingredient in food processing. The present study was designed to find out the changes taken place in pectin content during development and ripening phases of banana fruit. The expression of gene (pectin esterase) was also observed during development and ripening. Five exotic cultivars namely William, Brazilian, G-Naine, Basrai and Pisang were selected for this study. Sampling were carried out after every 2 weeks during development and there was 6 sampling stages (from emergence to harvesting stage). After harvesting the fruit of all cultivars were subjected to natural ripening in the lab and sampling during ripening were carried out according to the colour changes in the fruit skin. 5 ripening stages were studied. Hence total number of 11 stages were studied during development and ripening. The sequence of pectin esterase were obtained from NCBO, primers were designed and procured. RNA was extracted from each cultivar and expression analysis of pectin esterase was carried out. Ot was found that the expression of gene is variable during the development and the ripening stages in each cultivar. Similarly, the pectin content were also significantly variable during development and ripening of fruit. The variation was also found among the cultivars. Ot was concluded that unripe banana have more pectin content then ripe banana and the pectin content of the fruit is associated with expression of the gene.


A theory is derived for the nonlinear electrostatic waves in an unbounded cold plasma in which there is a beam of charged particles. The nonlinearity of the motion of the beam particles leads to the possible existence of solitary waves. The conditions for the existence and the shape of the solitary waves are determined for the cases of electron and ion beams.


A liquid discharging apparatus includes a liquid discharging head having liquid discharging nozzles; a platen that retains a recording sheet; a liquid detection unit which can move between the liquid discharging head and the platen and detects liquid discharge states from the liquid discharging nozzles; and a unit driving mechanism which moves the liquid detection unit, wherein the liquid detection unit moves from a detection start end to a detection termination end at the time of detection of the liquid discharge states, and at the time of movement of the liquid detection unit, liquid discharge operations from nozzle orifices in a certain area located at a certain distance from a detection position are performed ahead of detection by the liquid detection unit, and at the time of detection by the liquid detection unit, a liquid discharge operation from the nozzle orifice that becomes a detection target is performed again.


This paper focuses on how to protect nurses in psychological health.Firstly,from two aspects of subject and object,analyzing the factors that affect the psychological health for nurses,thus inferring that healthy psychology for nurses needs not only social understanding,support and help,but more importantly,pursuit of positive state of mind with confidence in oneself,career and life,full of understanding for others,and active adaption to the community,so as to achieve physical and mental health development.


Given the scant research on turnover and retention in small businesses, this study addresses the question: what factors influence voluntary employee turnover in small businesses and how do ownermanagers retain key employees? This question was broken into three research objectives. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews with nine owner-managers and seven employees from eleven Australian small businesses. Findings of this study identify adverse consequences of turnover, uncover antecedents of voluntary turnover, pinpoint small business characteristics that enhance employee retention and present a suite of small business employee retention strategies. Implications of the findings for management practice are explained. Limitations of the study and their implications for future research are also discussed.


Put in one sentence, the central message of this article is: There are theoretical reasons and empirical evidence to suggest that the performance of cooperative and noncooperative behavior by animals in many situations is best explained by considering both fitness benefits and the contributions of other group members to cooperative behavior. The formal model presented here indicates one way in which fitness benefits and the actions of other group members can be combined to yield predictions about the performance of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. This model is contrasted with the population genetics models applying to cooperative and noncooperative behavior. These latter models predict only the presence or absence of cooperative and noncooperative behavior from fitness considerations; they do not predict the actual, quantifiable amount of each kind of behavior, and they do not recognize the possibility that the amount of a behavior may be adjusted in a manner contingent upon the behavior of other animals in a group. It is suggested that the model presented here be used as a heuristic device to stimulate and guide detailed, quantitative studies of the dynamics of cooperative and noncooperative behavior in animal groups. Three general hypotheses that are generated by the model and that can be used to guide research and aid in interpretation are discussed. The three hypotheses concern how investment in cooperative and noncooperative behavior changes with group size, the presence of equilibrium patterns in certain situations involving cooperative behavior, and the adjustment to changes in the unit costs of cooperative and noncooperative behavior. Several studies by which the hypotheses might be tested are briefly outlined, and finally two simplifying assumptions made in the construction of the model are discussed.


One challenge in the teaching of immunology is the complexity of the subject. Immunology presents a long list of unique cells, signaling molecules, receptor-ligand interactions, regulatory mechanisms, developmental pathways, and outcomes that can feel burdensome to instructors and unapproachable to students. The beauty of this subject, however, is that these unique features interact in networks that parallel those in other biological fields. Visualizing the interactions between tissues, cells, and molecules of the immune system and their outcomes can promote immunological literacy and a broad understanding of biological systems.
 Cell Collective (cellcollective.org) is an open-access, approachable software system that allows students and researchers alike to build models and perform simulations of biological processes. Students can use this interactive platform to probe cell-cell interactions, signaling pathways, metabolic networks, etc. while building systems thinking and computational skills, which are critical for success in STEM fields. After building models, real-time simulations can be run to visualize and understand the dynamics of the biological system under conditions of environmental pressure, disease, mutation, etc. Instructors can assess student knowledge by building assessments into modules in a formative or summative manner. Because it is free, user-friendly, and offers a host of pre-built training, educational and experimental modules, Cell Collective is ideally suited for use in all types of educational settings.
 Supported by a grant from the NSF (RCN-UBE) 2120806


The maternal mortality rate is 19,500 to 20,000 people every year or occurs every 26-27 minutes. The caus of maternal death is bleeding 30.5%, infection 22,5%, gestosis 17,5 and anesthesia 2%.  The infant mortality rate is around 10,000 to 280,000 per 18-20 minutes. The cause of infant mortality is due to Low Birth Weight (LBW) of 15/1000%.  The infant mortality rate in Indonesia is still the highest problem in other ASEAN countries. The infant mortality rate in Indonesia from 2008 was around 248 per 100,000 live births. Basic Health Research (RISKESDA) 2013 shows there are still 10,2% of babies with LBW, which is less than 2,500 grams. Neonatal death because LBW is basically affected by the nutritional status of pregnant women. This study aims to determine the relationship between the nutritional status of pregnant women and the  incidence  of  LBW. This  quantitative  research  uses  a  case  control  approach  using  a  retrospective approach. The population in this study were mothers who had given birth to babies during the last two years (2016-2017). The sampling technique uses total sampling for control cases by using a ratio of 1: 1 for the case group of 40: 40 samples. Analysis using Chi Square with p value 0,000 (OR=3,500, CI 95%=2,313-5,296). There is a relationship between nutritional status of pregnant women and the incidence of LBW. Health Technology Assessment (HTA) which can seek 1000 first day of life can be a breakthrough in assessing and providing interventions of nutrition in families, especially in pregnant women.


ABSTRACT Objectives:The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the contents of constituents in Samultang and its fermentations with 10 species of lactic acid bacteria.Methods:Ten strains of lactic acid bacteria, Lactobacillus casei, L. acidophilus , L. casei, L. plantarum, L. amylophilus, L. curvatus, L. delbruekil subsp. lactis, L. casei , B. breve, and B. thermophilum, were used for the fermentation of Samultang. The increased and decreased constituents were identified using HPLC/DAD and various liquid chromatographic techniques, and the structure was elucidated using NMR and MS. These compounds were quantitatively analyzed using an HPLC/DAD system.Results:A remarkably increased component was identified to be nodakenet in and a decreased component was determined to be nodakenin. The fermentation of the ten lactic acid bacteria demonstrated that the decomposable rate of these two compounds in fermented Samultang were different. Samultang fermented by L. plantarum showed the most remarkable changes.Conclusion:Nodakenetin was identified as bioconversion component after fer mentation and L. plantarum was discovered the best bacteria to increase the component.Key words:Samultang, fermentation, herbal medicine, bioconversion, nodake netin, nodakenin.


The present work reports the measurement of the laminar burning velocity for n-propanol and air mixtures at 1 atm pressure, with the unburnt mixture temperature varying up to 620 K using externally heated mesoscale diverging channels. Planar flames were stabilized in quartz channels using an externally heated mesoscale diverging channel to create a positive temperature gradient along the direction of fluid flow. The laminar burning velocity was extracted using the mass conservation principle at the flame surface and channel inlet. The performance of six recent kinetic mechanisms was evaluated through a comparison of the predictions to present experimental results. A significant disagreement (≈22%) was observed between different mechanism predictions, even at lower mixture temperatures of 335 K. The temperature exponent, α, was extracted using power-law correlations and observed to follow an inverted parabolic pattern with a minimum at a slightly rich equivalence ratio of 1.1, similar to other alcohol fuels.


In this paper we report an experimental investigation about power consumption on access networks belonging to a wide geographical network test bed. The access components are mainly based on FTTx architectures and contain GPON, EPON, VDSL2, P2P and ADSL2+ systems. The results show that GPON is the most energy efficient access network. We also show energy saving impacts on economics of future optical networks.


Both in learning and in natural science, one faces the problem of selecting among a range of theories, all of which are compatible with the available evidence. The traditional response to this problem has been to select the simplest such theory on the basis of "Ockham's Razor". But how can a fixed bias toward simplicity help us find possibly complex truths? I survey the current, textbook answers to this question and find them all to be wishful, circular, or irrelevant. Then I present a new approach based on minimizing the number of reversals of opinion prior to convergence to the truth. According to this alternative approach, Ockham's razor is a good idea when it seems to be (e.g., in selecting among parametrized models) and is not a good idea when it feels dubious (e.g., in the inference of arbitrary computable functions). Hence, the proposed vindication of Ockham's razor can be used to separate vindicated applications of Ockham's razor from spurious ones.


Mobility plays a major role in mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), since it stresses networking tasks such as routing on the one hand, but aids to increase the network capacity and to overcome network partitioning on the other hand. To benefit from node mobility, a new class of MANET protocols and applications are designed to be delay-tolerant and mobilityaided. The main communication paradigm here is store-andforward. For delay-tolerant mobility-aided networking, mobility on a large time-scale is a key feature. So far however, a few work is done to adapt store-and-forward concepts to the large time-scale mobility. Our first step that simplifies the adaptation to node mobility, is the set of novel mobility metrics presented in [1]. These metrics quantify the mobility on a large time-scale and are based on the pair-wise contacts between mobile nodes. In this paper, we show how to exploit these mobility metrics to design an efficient buffering strategy for hypergossiping [2,3], a delay-tolerant mobility-aided MANET broadcasting protocol. The novel buffering strategy detects relevant mobility patterns at run-time, using contact-based mobility metrics, and adapts the buffering decision to the detected mobility pattern.


Years ago, I had a patient who insisted that a melanoma on her large right toe was due to chronic injury and inflammation in the exact location that she later developed her cancer. This connection intrigued me, and in the years following, I noted similar situations and observed the development of a literature that corroborated her claim. In time, I came to believe that inflammation was associated with malignancy, although it was not until the early 1990s that strong data began to indicate that inflammation was not only a trigger but also a fuel for promoting existing growth. Today, there is no longer any question that inflammation often rages out of control in patients with advanced cancers. It is a key factor that accelerates the progression of disease and the clinical decline of the patient. Research shows that nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), the most common of which are aspirin or ibuprofen, naproxen, and indomethacin, vastly lower the rate of breast cancer in women who take these drugs. In addition, other research has found that when these are regularly taken among women already diagnosed with breast cancer, they were significantly less likely to have large tumors and positive lymph nodes—2 critical indicators of prognosis. While attending the recent poster sessions during the New Orleans 2004 American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting, I was struck by the swell of research investigating pharmaceutical COX-2 inhibitors as a therapeutic treatment option. These agents are being used in a large number of clinical trials for both prevention and cancer treatment. Anti-inflammatories are already approved for the prevention of precancerous colon polyps; many studies now demonstrate improved outcome when combining COX-2 inhibitors with chemotherapy and radiation therapy for colorectal, breast, lung, prostate, esophageal, and other cancers. I continue to be a proponent of anti-inflammatory and COX-2 inhibiting therapies, as I already have for many years now. In contradistinction to an all-out drug approach, however, I tend to favor using the more "gentle," natural methods of inhibiting COX-2 pathways since they harbor little risk. I had begun using some of these broad-spectrum, nutraceutical formulations long before the advent of these new "superaspirins" and even before the discovery that aspirin products and related NSAIDs had anticancer potential. It was the NSAIDs' well-known inherent risks that kept me encouraging these more natural approaches. The drugs can cause a spate of side effects. Women taking these regularly to prevent breast cancer are at increased risk for bleeding ulcers, gastritis, bone loss, and ringing in the ears. For a sizable percentage of women, the drop in their breast cancer risk came at too high a price. And, as it now turns out, this new generation of super-aspirins came at a price as well—an even higher price. In fact, during the time our editorial office has been preparing this issue, the media have been full of reports on the cardiac risks of Vioxx, Bextra, Celebrex, and naproxen and the withdrawal from marketing of the first of these widely used, highly profitable drugs. While they carry short-term benefits of improved response to cancer therapy, they also propel longer-term concerns for increased cardiac risks. In a commentary following this editorial, I encourage exploration of the natural anti-inflammatory methods of integrative medicine as a potential replacement for these agents. In this issue, we are also pleased to publish some very intriguing and innovative studies that address several important issues in integrative cancer care. Joseph Roscoe and colleagues at the University of Rochester report results of a pilot randomized study of polarity therapy, one of the energetically based therapies that have recently attracted some research interest. Margaret White and Marja Verhoef, who have contributed to this journal in the past, present a proposal for the use of participatory action principles in research on cancer clinical studies. Participatory action research focuses on real involvement of study participants in the conduct and design of the investigation and has received much attention in fields such as anthropology and ethnobotany. It has the ethical advantage of treating research subjects as intelligent human beings who communicate a meaningful perspective on what is occurring in their own bodies, rather than as the proverbial "guinea pigs" or passive subjects to be used by a researcher, who is customarily deemed the only reliable observer/reporter of information. Danette Hann and colleagues at the American Cancer Society Behavioral Research Center have contributed a survey of long-term breast cancer survivors and present interesting conclusions on the reasons and motivations for using complementary and alternative medicine techniques among this population of patients. Editorial


As mentioned in Chap. 1, fixed effect models in general (to design experiments, regression models, genomic prediction models, etc.) are recommended when the levels under study (collected by the scientist) are the unique levels of interest in the study, and the levels or quantities observed in the explanatory variables are treated as if they were nonrandom. For these reasons, a fixed factor is defined as a categorical or classification variable, chosen to represent specific conditions, for which the researcher has included all levels (or conditions) that are of interest for the study in the model. This means that fixed effects are unknown constant parameters associated with continuous covariates or levels of categorical factors in any fixed or mixed effects (fixed + random effects). The estimation of these fixed parameters in fixed effects models or mixed effects models is generally of intrinsic interest, since they indicate the relationships of the covariates with the response variable. Fixed effects can be associated with continuous covariates such as the weight of an animal in kilograms, maize yield in tons per hectare, qualification of a reference test or socioeconomic level, which will carry a continuous range of values, or they can be associated with factors such as gender, hybrid, or group treatment, which are categorical. This implies that fixed effects are the best option when performing an inference for the whole target population. A random factor is a classification variable with levels that can be randomly sampled from a population with different levels of study, such as classrooms, regions, cattle herds, or clinics that are randomly sampled from a population. All possible levels of the random factor are not present in the data set, yet it is the intention of the researcher to make an inference about the entire population of levels from the selected sample of these factor levels. Random factors are included in an analysis in order for the modification in the dependent variable through the levels of the random factors to be evaluated and the results of the data analysis generalized to all levels of the population random factor. This means that random effects are


The avian embryo is an excellent model system for experimental studies because of its accessibility and ease of microsurgical manipulations. While the complete chicken genome sequence will soon be determined, a comprehensive germ cell transmission‐based genetic approach is not available for this animal model. Several techniques of somatic cell transgenesis have been developed in the lpast decade. Of these, the retroviral shuttle vector system provides both (1) stable integration of exogenous genes into the host cell genome, and (2) constant expression levels in a target cell population over the course of development. This review summarizes retroviral vectors available for the avian model and outlines the uses of retroviral‐mediated gene transfer for cell lineage analysis as well as functional studies of genes and proteins in the chick embryo. Developmental Dynamics 229:630–642, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Robust authentication and identification methods become an indispensable urgent task to protect the integrity of the devices and the sensitive data. Passwords have provided access control and authentication, but have shown their inherent vulnerabilities. The speed and convenience factor are what makes biometrics the ideal authentication solution as they could have a low probability of circumvention. To overcome the limitations of the traditional biometric systems, electrocardiogram (ECG) has received the most attention from the biometrics community due to the highly individualized nature of the ECG signals and the fact that they are ubiquitous and difficult to counterfeit. However, one of the main challenges in ECG-based biometric development is the lack of large ECG databases. In this paper, we contribute to creating a new large gallery off-the-person ECG datasets that can provide new opportunities for the ECG biometric research community. We explore the impact of filtering type, segmentation, feature extraction, and health status on ECG biometric by using the evaluation metrics. Our results have shown that our ECG biometric authentication outperforms existing methods lacking the ability to efficiently extract features, filtering, segmentation, and matching. This is evident by obtaining 100% accuracy for PTB, MIT-BHI, CEBSDB, CYBHI, ECG-ID, and in-house ECG-BG database in spite of noisy, unhealthy ECG signals while performing five-fold cross-validation. In addition, an average of 2.11% EER among 1,694 subjects is obtained.


Purpose: Little evidence exists to guide rehabilitation following arthroscopic rotator cuff repair (ARCR). It is unclear how new repair techniques may affect postoperative protocols. Our purpose was to determine current practices of members of the Arthroscopy Association of North America (AANA) and the American Orthopaedic Society for Sports Medicine (AOSSM.) Our hypothesis was that wide variation would exist in the postoperative rehabilitation following ARCR and that accelerated protocols would commonly be prescribed after double row ARCR. Method: A 28 question web-based survey was sent to all active members of AANA and AOSSM via email addresses listed in the specialty society directory. Non-responders were reminded by 2 additional invitations. Results were tabulated and responses reported as a percentage of respondents. Results: The response rate was 37.7% (797/2112). Most commonly, respondents use a post-operative abduction sling (56.2%) and begin physical therapy within the first 2 weeks (42.1%.) Passive ROM is initiated within 2 weeks (74.1%), active ROM after 6 weeks (55.3%) and strengthening after 6 weeks (64.4%). Unrestricted activities are permitted at 5 months (41.2%.) 85.2% of respondents alter rehabilitation based upon tear size. Protocols were altered based upon tissue quality (86.9%), involvement of subscapularis (68.7%) or biceps tendon (65.2%) but not for workers compensation status (97.1%), smoking (71.5%) or patient age (70.3%.) 81.1% had performed double row rotator cuff repairs; however 95.2% of those do not alter their postoperative protocol based upon repair configuration. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate wide variation among respondents with regards to immobilization, ROM and return to activity. The majority had performed double row ARCR, however 95.2% of these do not alter their postoperative rehabilitation in patients undergoing double row repair.


The first fossil tooth-necked fungus beetle, Juropeltastica sinica gen. n. sp. n., is described and illustrated based on a single impression fossil from the Middle Jurassic Daohugou beds (ca. 165 Ma) of northeastern China. It represents the first definitive fossil belonging to the extant family Derodontidae. Juropeltastica is placed in Derodontidae based on its overall body shape and size, head with complex systems of tubercles and grooves, pronotum with dentate lateral carinae, open mesocoxal cavities bordered by mesepimeron and metanepisternum, excavate metacoxae, and 5-segmented abdomen. The occurrence of a reliable derodontid fossil from 165 million years ago places Derodontidae among the small but growing number of beetle families of known Middle Jurassic age, which is important in the dating of phylogenetic trees.


Abstract : This final report covers a concept study conducted for the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) Sensor Technology Office to develop a low cost weapon system concept to counter a proliferated cruise missile threat. The low cost and high accuracy of cruise missiles may make them the enemy weapon of choice in future conflicts. Our study focused on three main areas: (1) System Architecture Definition, (2) Interceptor (kill mechanism) Development, and (3) Performance/Cost Analysis, to define a weapon system concept and quantify its cost per kill relative to existing systems.


We have studied the results of 10 hepatic tests with multivariate linear discriminant analysis in 44 normal subjects and 88 cirrhotic patients. The results prove that the functional tests with major diagnostic power re those that analyse the functional reserve of the liver, basically the clearance and transport maximum of bromsulphalein. Both give us a diagnostic error of 1.2% and the addition of the other tests increases only slightly the degree of discriminant power. The value of MLDA in the functional evaluation of cirrhotic patients is discussed.


The goal of this paper is to develop a note-by-note editing interface for music waveforms. We deal with the problem of decomposing a music signal into signals corresponding to musical notes by introducing a hierarchical sparse representation concept, where music spectrograms are assumed to comprise a limited set of spectrum parts and temporal envelope parts. An iterative algorithm for learning these parts from a given observed spectrogram is derived. The resulting hierarchically structured parts-based representation allows us to manipulate spectrogram components individually corresponding to musical note events. 1. は じ め に


A vibrating plunger valve plunger valve type electromagnetic proportional pressure control valve by oscillating current applied no static friction acts on the spool, the dither effect in the small current region can produce large currents and regional magnetic saturation tends to decline. Oscillating current is superimposed on an alternating current supplied to the electromagnet such that the plunger valve for a small amplitude vibration is insufficient to affect the fluid pressure, and the magnetic force F


According to the World Health Organization survey,Mental illness has become the second commonest disease of the human.Traditionally,the methods of diagnosis of psychological problems used frequently are subjective assessment,including systematical observation and analysis,standardized psychological scale tests,multi-axial diagnostic system and other methods.However,the objective methods shows trends in mental health diagnosis in recent years,including genetic testing,brain imaging techniques and so on.This paper describes a new method for the objective diagnosis of Electroencephalon Quardrant Graph(EEQG) which is an original and innovate technology(Nation patent No.ZL89104320.9)based on research of EEG.At present,EEQG Detector as the medical testing equipment(Tianjin Food and Drug Administration approval No.2210001 for medical devices in 2011) has been applied in clinical diagnosis of depression.EEQG is expected to be widely used as an objective diagnosis means in the spiritual realm in the near future.


FIELD: chemistry. SUBSTANCE: method for separation of butyl butyrate (BB) - butyric acid (BA) zeotropic mixture, with relative volatility values close to one, involves extractive rectification using sulfolane (SF) as a separating agent (SA) at a ratio of 1:3-4 to initial mixture in an extractive rectification column with the efficiency of 35-50 theoretical plates (t.p.), and reflux ratio of 1-3; method comprises collection of butyl butyrate in distillate and butyric acid - sulfolane mixture in the column bottom (1); BA - SF mixture is then transferred to column for separating agent regeneration (2) with efficiency 10 t.p., with reflux ratio 1-2, separating agent from the column bottom (2) is transferred to column (1), where pressure in column (1) is 760 mm Hg, pressure in column (2) is 100 mm Hg. Target products (BB, BA) of specified purity - 99.5 mol.%. EFFECT: invention provides simplification of technology and higher quality of obtained products. 1 dwg, 1 tbl


The adsorption and reaction of acetic acid on the Ge(001) surface are investigated by first-principles density-functional calculations. We find that the carbonyl O atom initially bonds to the down Ge atom of the buckled dimer, and subsequently, O-H dissociation takes place through the intradimer or interdimer transfer of the H atom. The resulting monodentate (MD) structure after the intradimer H-atom transfer remains stable, while that after the interdimer H-atom transfer proceeds to formation of the end-bridged (EB) bidentate structure across the ends of two adjacent dimers by forming an additional Ge-O bond on the opposite side of the H-atom transfer. It is also possible that the latter MD structure proceeds to formation of the on-top (OT) bidentate structure on a single Ge dimer, but it is kinetically difficult because of the existence of a repulsive interaction between an O lone pair and a single Ge dangling bond. However, our calculated energy profiles for the reaction pathways predict that, as temperature increases, the relatively less stabilized MD and EB structures are converted into the most stable OT structure, as observed by a recent scanning tunneling microscopy experiment.


The present study was carried out to investigate the effect of spirulina on rats suffering from iron deficiency anemia. The current study was performed on 30 mature albino rats weighing 200+10g . Rats were divided into two main groups.The first group (6rats) fed on the basal diet as control-ve .The second group (24 rats) were fed on tannic acid by 20 g /kg diet then divided into 4 subgroups each (6 rats).Group2 fed on basal diet as control+ve.Groups 3 ,4 and 5 fed on basal diet supplemented with 2,4 and 6 % spirulina powder , respectively. At the end of the experimental time (28 days), feed intake (FI),Feed efficiency ratio(FER) and body weight gain (BWG) were calculated. Blood Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit (%), White Blood Cells (WBC), Red Blood Cells (RBC),Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH), Mean Cell Volume (MCV) , Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC), serum glcose and platelets of anemic rats were determined.Also, the chemical composition and mineral components of spirulina were determined . Baladi bread was made and fortified with spirulina and the sensory evaluations were applied. Results showed that treatment with spirulina can increase F.I, F.E.R, B.W.G, Hb ,Hematocrit(%),WBC, RBC ,MCH, MCVand MCHC, but decrease serum glucose level and platelets of anemic rats.Sensory evaluation tests indicated greater acceptability of bread fortified with spirulina powder at a concentration of (0.51%) as compared to the control sample. In conclusion, data suggested that spirulina is useful for anemic persons because it is a good source of iron.


The effect of irrigation on soil nitrate leaching and uptake was conducted with sandy loam soil in the valley of Wudian River. The main results showed as follows: there is a linear relationship between the amount of irrigation water and corn yield, and between the amount of irrgation water and uptake N by corn crop within the range of 0~4000m 3/hm 2 irrigation water. The NO - 3?N mainly concentrated in 0~60cm soil layer, the peak of which was at 40cm. The remained NO - 3?N in 0~80cm soil layer was decreased with the increase of irrigation water, and there is no relationship between the remain NO - 3?N and amount of irrigation water in 80~320cm soil layer, but the remain NO - 3?N was increased with the increase of irrgation water in 320~400cm soil layer. The relationship between the remained NO - 3?N and amount of irrigation water was hyperbola at the different depth of soil profile. The N lost from treatment without irrigation and with 4000m 3/hm 2 irrigation was lowest. The leaching loss of NO - 3?N could be decreased with the increase of large amount of irrigation water in right way, the main reasons of which were analysed and gave out the concept of NO - 3?N leaching and uptake effect.


Kenyan public universities have been admitting students with visual challenge for a long time, yet there has been no time during the period that a study has been undertaken to determine the challenges faced by visually challenged students while using Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) applications provided in these universities. These visually challenged students face various difficulties in accessing the most needed literature in their area of interest in academics. However, no special ICT tools have been established for use by these visually challenged students in Kenyan public universities to access the much needed information during their studies. This paper presents a review of literature on specialized tools for use by visually challenged students in Kenyan public universities. Findings revealed that JAWS based computers were the most sort for use by the visually challenged students in Kenyan public universities. Keywords-Human Computer Interaction, ICT, JAWS, VCS


Objective : To identify the level of overload of the primary caregiver of the older adult of the Tierra Firme neighborhood of Ibagué. Method: Quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study. Sampling at convenience cons-tituted by 41 primary caregivers of older adults to whom the scale of Zarit was applied original version, an instrument that consists of 22 items whose purpose is to quantify the degree of overload suffered by caregivers of people with partial dependence. Results : 61% of the study participants expressed "feeling able to take care of their family member for much longer", being coherent with the final result indicated in the Zarit scale in which 92.7% is not in overload. Conclusions: Support groups attended by informal caregivers and people with chronic ill-ness with partial dependence are essential factors for caregivers to have no overload.


e13581 Background: DCIS is a heterogeneous disease, with increasing incidence. Up to 37% of DCIS overexpress HER2. Lapatinib is a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that directly inhibits HER2 receptor signaling by blocking the receptor's kinase activity. This study tested the hypothesis that lapatinib works inhibiting Ras/Raf/MAK and PI3K/AKT signaling in HER2-positive DCIS.

METHODS
Patients with HER2-positive (FISH rate >2.2) DCIS diagnosed by core needle biopsy with low risk of having a hidden invasive component were eligible. Neoadjuvant lapatinib 1500mg daily was administered for 4 weeks prior to surgical resection. EGFR was analyzed by FISH in the biopsy specimen. Ki67, PTEN, AKT, pAKT and pERK were evaluated by IHQ. PI3KCA mutations were screened at exons 9 and 20 by PCR. Apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL assay. All biological markers were measured before and after lapatinib treatment.

RESULTS
Eighteen pts with HER2-positive DCIS have been included to date. Median FISH amplification was 7 (range 2.70-14). Evaluation pre-lapatinib showed that: none of the pts had EGFR amplification; eight pts (44%) had a Ki67 >25%; pAKT was overexpressed (3+) in 4 pts (22%) and pERK in 2 pts (11%); PTEN was deleted in 4 pts (22%). PI3KCA mutations were detected in only 1 pt (6%). After lapatinib treatment, 17 pts were evaluable. We observed a trend for inactivation of the Ras/Raf/MAK signaling pathway in 12 pts (71%) patients and 2 out of these 12 pts with no evidence of residual DCIS. Interestingly, 5 of these pts had paradoxical activation of PI3K/Akt suggesting a compensatory feed back loop. One out of these 2 pts has PTEN deleted. In addition, 3 pts (33%) showed an increase in the apoptotic index.

CONCLUSIONS
In our study, four weeks of lapatinib against HER2-positive DCIS resulted mainly in inactivation of Ras/Raf/MAK pathway; however an activation of the PI3K/Akt was seen as the same time in 5 pts suggesting a compensatory effect. This could generate the hypothesis of the benefit of adding a PI3K/Akt inhibitor to lapatinib.


Nowadays, all electronic gadgets and devices are in the race of most compact size and least power consumption. Along with it, we want device to do many jobs at a time. For that it needs to be laced with maximum computing power. CMP/Many core architectures are inn with this advancement. In CMP architectures, parallel task execution is done rather than executing task sequentially, as it is done in conventional programming. Network-on-chip (NoC) is the best approach for interconnecting complex CMP architectures. However, NoC consumes significant percentage of total power. Final objective is to design power efficient NoC. In CMP architecture, many data transfers are done simultaneously. It is required to evolve power saver NOC with unique task scheduling schemes. Our approach enhances network latency, network throughput along with energy reduction. It defines performance of the system with high speed transmission. It shows improvement in the system performance when experimented with various applications. Here, we concentrated on proper distribution of tasks and network traffic required for execution. One needs to balance between over and under utilization of resources. Analysis of both the cases is done in this article. Over utilization is injecting excess traffic in the network which leads to heat up problem. Under utilization is, PEs remaining idle for long time resulting in sluggish performance. Here we tried to list various innovative methods for saving network from reaching power wall. Energy modeling and granular traffic analysis gives us accurate estimation of device performance beforehand. Also, analysis is done for various topologies for different tasks.


Introduction: Interactions between our commensal microbes and immune system are well recognized but the impact of immunosuppression on this relationship is less well character-ized, particularly outside of the gastrointestinal tract. In this pilot case-control study, we examined microbial composition and inferred function in the saliva of patients after heart transplantation. Methods: Saliva samples were collected from 26 healthy adolescent and adult heart transplant patients and 27 healthy non-transplant controls. Bacterial DNA was isolated and the V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced. Measures of bacterial diversity and inferred function were calculated using the software packages DADA2, Phyloseq, QIIME, PICRUSt and STAMP. Results: Transplant patients were on average 51.6 ± 18.2 years of age and 8.6 ± 5.3 years post-transplant. Both alpha (p = 0.0009) and beta (p = 0.001) diversity differed significantly between the groups, and there were statistically significant changes (p < 0.01) in 101 individual functional pathways. Discussion: We conclude that the effects of chronic immunosuppression on bacterial composition and function in the oropharynx appear relatively subtle with no obvious ill effects on patient health. Full interpretation is limited by our lack of knowledge for many of the bacterial functional pathways. tract. We studied microbial composition and inferred function in the saliva of patients after heart transplantation compared to healthy non-transplant controls. Bacterial diversity differed significantly between the groups and there were statistically significant changes in multiple individual functional pathways. We conclude that immune suppression has broad but subtle effects on the oral microbiome.


Size and Space of surface air bubble are effectively controlled by selecting raw material of concrete,formwork and release oil properly and controlling the consistency,workability and vibration of the concrete strictly,reaching fair faced concrete effect.


Henoch-Schonlein purpura (HSP) is a small-vessel vasculitis involving skin, gut, and kidney associated with arthralgia, arthritis and characterized by immunoglobulin A (IgA)-dominant immune deposits in target organs. This vasculitis is common in children and rarely reported to be associated with other autoimmune disease such as rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune thyroiditis. We report the case of 72 year-old man who developed adult-onset HSP and also had rheumatoid arthritis and chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis. This is the first report in South Korea.


Technological advances have always affected manufacturing, trade, and even national economies. In today's rapidly changing world, industrial engineering must keep a sharp eye on such new technologies. Computer technologies double their performance in about every 12 to 18 months. Accordingly, IE curricula must be reviewed and updated on an almost continuous basis. Such rapid and sustained change places unprecedented demands on curricula development and management. The new challenges being faced include the anticipation of new key technologies for timely preparation of new curricula, determination of the relationship of new technologies to other components of the curricula, faculty development, and course material delivery. At the University of Florida's Industrial Research Laboratory, we have invested several years of work in embedded controls and their applications to autonomous intelligent systems. Through our extensive research, we are convinced that embedded control is a new technology that will have profound effects on the field of industrial engineering. This paper discusses issues related to the emergence of embedded control technologies. In order to better understand the profound effect of new technologies on industrial engineering and industrial engineering curricula, we must first adopt working definition for industrial engineering: the field of engineering that is concerned with the efficiency, productivity, flexibility, robustness, or in short, the competitiveness of industry. Over the past decade, computer technologies have had the most significant influence over the competitiveness of industry. Although the IE profession has focused more on improving competitiveness through operational methods, the accelerated growth in technologies may soon make it more appropriate for IE to be a technology-driven profession. The


, ABSTRACT The rapidly varying ( ∼ 10 min timescale) non-thermal X-ray emission observed from Sgr A (cid:2) implies that particle acceleration is occuring close to the event horizon of the supermassive black hole. The TeV γ -ray source HESSJ1745 − 290 is coincident with Sgr A (cid:2) and may be closely related to its X-ray emission. Simultaneous X-ray and TeV observations are required to elucidate the relationship between these objects. We report on joint HESS / Chandra observations performed in July 2005, during which an X-ray flare was detected. Despite a factor of ≈ 9 increase in the X-ray flux of Sgr A (cid:2) , no evidence is found for an increase in the TeV γ -ray flux from this region. We find that an increase in the γ -ray flux of a factor of 2 or greater can be excluded at a confidence level of 99%. This finding disfavours scenarios in which the keV and TeV emission are associated with the same population of accelerated particles and in which the bulk of the γ -ray emission is produced within ∼ 10 14 cm ( ∼ 100 R S ) of the supermassive hole.


We have previously proposed that transforming growth factor (TGF)-β receptor activation occurs via a relative rotation between the receptors. This model suggests that in the absence of the ligand the receptor extracellular domain negatively regulates the activation of the receptor complex. To investigate this proposition, four TGF-β type I and II receptor extracellular/transmembrane-cytoplasmic and extracellular-transmembrane/cytoplasmic chimeras, TβRII-I-I and TβRI-II-II as well as TβRII-II-I and TβRI-I-II, and two extracellular domain truncated receptors TβRI-STC and TβRII-STC were generated. In either mutant mink lung R1B (lacking functional type I receptor) or DR26 (where the type II receptor is nonfunctional) cells, coexpression of two chimeric receptors, which are complementary in extracellular and cytoplasmic domains, transduced TGF-β induced signaling, as measured by the transcriptional activation of a p3TP-Lux reporter gene. Coexpression of this type of chimeric receptor with a wild-type receptor containing the opposite cytoplasmic domain exhibited a varied level of constitutive activity depending on the particular combination of the extracellular domains. In general, the type I-type I extracellular domain combination gave higher constitutive activity than the type I-type II or type II-type II combinations. Furthermore, coexpression of the extracellular domain truncated receptor with any receptor containing the opposite cytoplasmic domain always resulted in ligand independent receptor signaling. Immunoprecipitation studies showed that the formation of the receptor complexes paralleled the ligand independent activation of p3TP-Lux. Our results support the conclusion that the TGF-β receptor extracellular domain plays a negative regulatory role in receptor activation in the absence of ligand.


With the rapid development of national economy, higher requests have been put forward on indoor and outdoor seamless PNT (positioning navigation and timing) service. Meanwhile, with the popularity of smartphones and the rapid development of MEMS (microelectromechanical system) sensors, researches on smartphone-based high-precision, high-reliability, but low-cost seamless indoor/ outdoor navigation method have become the highlighted topics. On the basis of the detailed analysis of smartphone camera's capability, this paper analyzed the method of coded targets aided pedestrian navigation techniques. With digitalized BIM (building information model), this paper proposed an algorithm for fast, precisely and robustly recognizing and matching artificial targets, from which the position and orientation of camera can be deduced and helps to improve the locating performance of smartphone. Laboratory experiments have been carried out to verify the feasibility of this vision-aided method: the locating precision of the proposed algorithm can reach cm level, whose exposure time is 50us and its corresponding process time is about 33ms, which could be of great use for the seamless indoor and outdoor locating with off-the-shelf smartphone.


Cold spray (CS) is a relatively new spray coating technology which has opened up a new avenue for deposition of bulk coatings with a thickness in the millimeter range. The unique bonding mechanism of the CS process facilitates deposition of commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) on a wide range of substrates including high strength alloys. In this paper we present a multi-stage bond coat deposition process using a mixture of ultra-hard ceramic beads and CP-Ti prior to the top CP-Ti coating deposition to produce a coating layer with promising bond strength. In addition, three combinations of the carrier gas temperature (450, 540, and 550 °C), and pressure (2.5 and 3.8 MPa) were considered for maximizing bond strength. The relationship between bond strength and surface roughness was also examined. The shear test results indicated a significant high bond strength of approximately 195 MPa for the gas pressure of 3.8 MPa and temperature of 450 °C owing to the newly introduced bond coat deposition method. The relatively high bond strength is explained by the beneficial effect of multi-stage bond coat prior to the deposition of the bond coat. The results also indicated a tradeoff between bond strength and obtained surface roughness.


Plant hormones play important roles in plant growth and development and yield formation.ABA and GA are two important kinds of hormones controlling rice grain development and filling,but the mechanism of regulating grain quality by them is not understood completely.In order to study and document the influence of ABA and GA on grain quality,the solutions with low concentrations of exogenous ABA(75.7 μmol L-1) and GA(57.7 μmol L-1) were sprayed at earlier filling stage.The results indicated that the effects of exogenous hormones at early filling stage on rice quality were great,and varied with exogenous hormone varieties and different grain positions.The exogenous ABA increased the 1000-grain weight(KGW) and head milled rice rate(HMRR),and reduced chalkiness degree(CD);the effect of ABA on grain quality varied with the positions of branch and grain in a rice panicle,which was greater on the later-flowered spikelets than on the earlier-flowered spikelets in the same branch,and on second branch than on primary branch.With spraying exogenous GA,KGW,and HMRR,gel consistence and crude protein content(CPC) were decreased significantly,while CD and amylase content were increased.The effect of spraying GA on KGW and HMRR of the earlier-flowered spikelets was greater than that of the later-flowered spikelets,but it was reversed on CD,AC,and CPC compared with spraying ABA.


Four new compounds including three andrastin-type meroterpenoids hemiacetalmeroterpenoids A-C (1–3), and a drimane sesquiterpenoid astellolide Q (15), together with eleven known compounds (4–14) were isolated from the cultures of the marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. N-5, while compound 14 was first isolated from a natural source. The structures of the new compounds were determined by analysis of detailed spectroscopic data, and the absolute configurations were further decided by a comparison of the experimental and calculated ECD spectra. Hemiacetalmeroterpenoid A (1) possesses a unique and highly congested 6,6,6,6,5,5-hexa-cyclic skeleton. Moreover, the absolute configuration of compound 14 was also reported for the first time. Compounds 1, 5 and 10 exhibited significant antimicrobial activities against Penicillium italicum and Colletrichum gloeosporioides with MIC values ranging from 1.56 to 6.25 μg/mL.


Aims Evidence regarding serum methylmalonic acid (MMA) levels and mortality in individuals with diabetes is limited. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between MMA and all-cause and cause-specific deaths in patients with diabetes. Materials and methods This is a population-based cohort study based on data from both the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and National Death Index from 1999 to 2014. We assessed the association of serum MMA concentrations with mortality using Cox proportional hazard models after adjusting for lifestyle, demographic factors, and comorbidities. Results Among the 3,097 participants, 843 mortalities occurred during a median follow-up of 4.42 years. There were 242 deaths due to cardiovascular disease (CVD) and 131 cancer-associated deaths. After multivariate adjustment, elevated serum MMA levels were markedly correlated with a high risk of all-cause, CVD-, and cancer-related deaths. Each one-unit increase in the natural log-transformed MMA level correlated with increased risk of all-cause mortality (2.652 times), CVD mortality risk (3.153 times), and cancer-related mortality risk (4.514). Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) after comparing participants with MMA < 120 and ≥250 nmol/L were 2.177 (1.421–3.336) for all-cause mortality, 3.560 (1.809–7.004) for CVD mortality, and 4.244 (1.537–11.721) for cancer mortality. Conclusion Higher serum MMA levels were significantly associated with higher all-cause, CVD, and cancer mortality. These findings suggest that maintaining lower MMA status may lower mortality risk in individuals with diabetes.


Purpose: Exposure and sensitisation to house dust mites (HDMs) are known to aggravate asthma. We aimed to determine whether sensitisation to HDM acts as a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in fall and we also investigated whether asthma exacerbation in the fall had any distinctive features by comparing various cytokines and chemokines with other seasons. Method: We measured the levels of total immunoglobulin E (IgE), HDM-specific IgE (sIgE), and various cytokines and chemokines in those who visited the emergency department for acute asthma exacerbation and classified them according to the season. Findings: HDM-sIgE levels were higher in those presenting with asthma exacerbation in the fall. There was no difference in the levels of cytokines and chemokines between the fall and the other seasons. Conclusion: HDM sensitisation could be a risk factor for asthma exacerbation in the fall.


For antiphospholipid syndrome, some alternatives to vitamin K antagonists including rituximab and hydroxychloroquine may be suitable, says an international task force. Two clinical trials are recruiting to provide better information.


We report the characterization of a new gene mapped at chromosome band 13q14.3 telomeric to the retinoblastoma gene. This gene, designated CHC1L (for chromosome condensation 1-like), is composed of 14 exons spanning 30 kb of genomic DNA and encodes a ubiquitously expressed 3-kb mRNA. The N-terminal half of the deduced amino acid sequence shows strong homology with the seven tandem repeat structure of the regulator of chromosome condensation RCC1, which acts as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) protein for the Ras-related GTPase Ran. CHC1L appears to be a new member of the RCC1-related GEF family.


Religious organizations and the various institutions they run contribute towards social change in communities even in Kenya. The well-being and growth of these institutions is anchored on strategic planning practices. Organizations both profit oriented and non-profit (for instance churches) are slowly embracing strategic planning practices to run on the basis of accountability and transparency. The main objective of this study was to establish the effects of strategic planning practices on competitive advantage of SDA movement in Nairobi City County Kenya. The study specifically looked at the effects of strategy formulation, strategy implementation and strategy monitoring and evaluation on competitiveness at SDA movement in Nairobi City County Kenya. The study was guided by resource-based theory; strategy fit theory, and institutional theory. This study was a descriptive survey. The target population of this study was the 835 management staff working at SDA movement in Nairobi City County Kenya. The sample size was 86 SDA movement top management, middle level management as well as low level management staff in Nairobi County. Primary data was collected directly from respondents using questionnaires. Before processing the responses, the completed questionnaires were edited for completeness and consistency. Quantitative data collected was analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics using SPSS (Version 21). Data was presented in form of percentages, means, frequencies and correlations and presented using various forms of charts and tables. The study revealed that strategy formulation increases competitiveness in SDA movement to a very great extent and that strategic formulation increase effectiveness of meeting the organization's goals and objectives and that there is awareness of strategy formulation in SDA movement. The study also revealed that strategy implementation increases competitiveness in SDA movement to a very great extent and that strategic implementation increase effectiveness of meeting the organization's goals and objectives to a very great extent. The study further revealed that monitoring and evaluation strategy increases competitiveness in SDA movement to a very great extent and that SDA movement undertakes review of the implementation status of the developmental plans and strategy plan reviews. The study recommends that top SDA movement leadership team should be thoroughly involved in gathering information from external environment as well as the internal environment analysis. The external analysis of the organization shows the external operating environment. This analysis should be used to identify strategic opportunities and threats in the SDA's operating environment. The information should be used to plan effectively for fluctuations that may occur in the SDA so as to remain relevant. SDA movement should have strategic plans which are well written with expert input. The plans should be written in consultation with all stakeholders right from formulation stage to implementation this would bring ownership, acceptance and success. The management of the SDA movement should enhance the strategic planning techniques in order to improve performance. International Journal of Contemporary Aspects in Strategic Management (IJCASM), Volume 2, Issue 1, 2018, PP 294311, ISSN 2616-6976 295 www.ijcab.org


The regulation of the concentration of a wide range of small molecules is ubiquitous in biological systems to adapt to the continuous changes in the environmental conditions. Herein, we report an aqueous synthetic system that provides an orchestrated, temperature and pH controlled, regulation of the complexation between the cyclobis(paraquat- p -phenylene) host ( BBox ) and a 1,5-dialkyloxynaphthalene ( DNP ) guest attached to a well-defined dual responsive copolymer composed of N -isopropylacrylamide as thermoresponsive monomer and acrylic acid as pH-responsive monomer. Controlled, partial release of the BBox , enabling control over its concentration, is driven by the tunable partial collapse of the copolymer. This colored supramolecular assembly is one of the first synthetic systems providing control over the concentration of a small molecule, providing great potential as both T and pH chromic materials and as basis to develop more complex systems with molecular communication.


Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and malignant adult brain tumor. Despite substantial study and surgical advancements, the prognosis remains poor, demanding ongoing research of the current trends and potential surgical therapy. This abstract summarizes GBM surgical developments and future directions. GBM is treated with maximal safe resection, adjuvant radiation, and chemotherapy. Tumor penetration into eloquent brain areas often complicates surgical excision. Functional brain mapping and intraoperative imaging have increase safe resection. Awake craniotomy and intraoperative fluorescence-guided surgery may help remove more tumor. GBM surgery now incorporates molecular and genetic data. Molecular profiling helps discover mutations and genetic changes for tailored treatment. Immunotherapies and targeted therapies have the potential to enhance treatment outcomes for patients diagnosed with GBM. Precision medicine, which involves tailoring cancer treatments to each patient's unique characteristics, is expected to play a pivotal role in future research endeavors. Nanotechnology and drug delivery devices offer the opportunity to optimize the delivery of anti-tumor drugs, potentially improving their efficacy. Artificial intelligence and machine learning in preoperative planning and intraoperative decision-making should improve surgical results. Current trends in GBM surgery include maximizing safe resection using advanced mapping and imaging techniques, incorporating molecular information for personalized treatment, and investigating targeted therapies and immunotherapies. The future of GBM surgery lies in the integration of precision medicine, nanotechnology, and artificial intelligence. By adopting these innovations, the surgical management of GBM may experience significant improvements, leading to better patient outcomes and an increase in life quality.


The article "Enhancing MAX-DOAS atmospheric state retrievals by multispectral polarimetry studies using synthetic data" by Tirpitz et al. explores the potential benefit of including information about the polarisation state of scattered sunlight in the retrieval of vertical profiles of trace gas concentrations and of aerosol properties and abundances. This topic has until now been largely overlooked in the MAX-DOAS literature, partly because of the challenges it poses on the forward model, on the inverse modelling and perhaps also because of technical challenges in the development of a multispectral sensor capable of taking such measurements. It is however highly relevant to make such an assessment for the MAX-DOAS technique because from other applications in atmospheric composition research (e.g. with ground-based or satellite radiometers) it is well-known that making use of polarization enhances the information content and accuracy of aerosol retrievals.


Objective
To explore knowledge-attitude-practice of the pelvic floor muscle function training in puerperium women and the current situation of its needs, providing reference for carrying on clinical propaganda and education of the puerperal pelvic floor rehabilitation and therapies.

Methods
The self-designed "Pelvic Floor Muscle Function Training Knowledge-Attitude-Practice and Its Needs in Puerperium Women Questionnaire"was applied. One hundred and fifty lying-in women who were enrolled for the reexamination at 42 days after delivery in the out-patient service of the department of obstetrics and gynecology in Beijing class Ⅲ grade A hospital from April to June 2017 were investigated with the questionnaire.

Results
The incidence of puerperium urinary leakage was 14.7%. The occurrence of pelvic floor dysfunction disease in lying-in women after delivery was significantly different in women with different delivery methods (P 0.05) . The total score of the pelvic floor muscle function training knowledge-attitude-practice in puerperium women was (66.6±11.97) , which was at the middle level. The knowledge score, the attitude score and the practice score of the pelvic floor muscle function training were significantly different in the lying-in women with different baseline data and different pregnant and puerperal status (P 0.05) . There were 83.3% of lying-in women who would like to understand the related knowledge of the pelvic floor muscle function training. There were 72.0% of lying-in women who preferred the animated video mode for propaganda and education.

Conclusions
The level of lying-in women' pelvic floor muscle function training knowledge-attitude-practice needs strengthening. It is imperative to establish and improve the propaganda and education system of the puerperal pelvic floor muscle function rehabilitation.

Key words:
Puerperium; Pelvic floor muscle dysfunction; Pelvic floor muscle function training; Knowledge-attitude-practice


An opinion of the National News Council, published in the May/ June 1981 issue of Colombia journalism Review, states that People Magazine did not provide its readers with sufficient information when the magazine omitted the credentials of &dquo;Dr.&dquo; Richard Passwater, a proponent of mega-vitamins. The article in question described the use of mega-vitamins by various Hollywood celebrities and quoted Richard Passwater as an expert


The present investigation that deals with Methodological Strategies to improve the spelling of
the students of sixth grade A, of the school of General Basic Education Dr. Daniel Rodas
Bustamante of the city of Loja, academic period 2018-2019. Alternative Guidelines., Has for
general objective: to determine the methodological strategies to improve the learning of the
spelling of the students of the sixth grade A, of the school Dr. Daniel Rodas Bustamante of the
city of Loja, school period 2018-2019. The type of study was descriptive theory, using the
following methods: scientific, descriptive, observational, analytical, synthetic, inductive,
deductive, hermeneutic and statistical; and the techniques of observation and survey. We
worked with a population composed of 25 students and a teacher of the sixth grade A. It is
concluded that methodological strategies allow the student to be an active entity in learning,
so it is recommended to use in different spelling classes with the objective to obtain
significant results.


The invention discloses a manufacturing method for an outer packaging bag of clean face tissues. The manufacturing method comprises the steps that a piece of square packaging paper is taken out, divided into four parts, and folded into a tetragonal body; a joint is arranged in the middle of one face; hot-pressing sealing is conducted on outlets of the upper end and the lower end of the tetragonal body to synthetize the packaging bag; a rectangular object taking port is formed at the middle part of one face of the packaging bag; air holes are formed at the periphery of the object taking port; the diameter of each air hole is 0.05-0.1mm; a spongy cushion is arranged on the object taking port, and covered with a film; the same seaming port is formed in the film and in the spongy cushion; the length of the seaming port is the same as that of the object taking port; the seaming port corresponds to the object taking port; a seal adhesive film is arranged on the film; one end of the seal adhesive film is integrated with the film by a hot-pressing technology; a pull lug is arranged at the other end of the seal adhesive film; and glue is arranged below the pull lug. The manufacturing method is more labor-saving to operate, high in practical effect and convenient to use.


Obesity and overweight are the most common cardiovascular risk factors in people who have suffered myocardial infarction. They are also considered a threat to health worldwide. People with obesity have twice the risk of suffering heart failure than people with a normal body mass index. In this paper, fuzzy logic models which are optimized are proposed to detect risk factors for heart disease according to age and body mass index.


Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PIPAAm) exhibits a reversible temperature-dependent soluble/insoluble transition at its lower critical solution temperature (LCST) in water. The [60]-fullerene-PIPAAm monoadduct (PIPAAm-C 60 ) was synthesized by the azide addition using azido-terminated PIPAAm. Below LCST, the PIPAAm-C 60 was dispersed and formed a micelle-like structure in water. Above LCST, the aggregation of the micelles was observed by turbidity measurements and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The PIPAAm-C 60 exhibits rapid and reversible dispersion-aggregation changes in response to narrow range temperature alternation across LCST.


Cenozoic basin fill of the northern Altiplano plateau records the tectonic development of the flanking Western Cordillera magmatic arc and Eastern Cordillera fold‐thrust belt. The Ayaviri hinterland basin of southern Peru contains a ~2300 m thick succession of fluvial sandstones and overbank siltstones (upper Oligocene Puno Group and lower Miocene lower Tinajani Formation) capped by ~400 m of alluvial fan conglomerates (middle Miocene upper Tinajani Formation). New U‐Pb zircon chronostratigraphic constraints from ~30 to 15 Ma yield sediment accumulation rates of 110–660 m/Myr. Newly dated growth strata highlight the genetic role played by thrust displacement in basin evolution. A several phase accumulation history derived from chronostratigraphic, provenance, and structural data reveals Oligocene basin filling by fluvial sand and mud that changes provenance from Western Cordillera Mesozoic‐Cenozoic volcanic rocks to Paleozoic‐Mesozoic Eastern Cordillera sedimentary rocks driven by deformation along the southwest directed, northeastern basin margin Ayaviri thrust at 28–26 Ma. Continued early Miocene fluvial deposition was sourced solely from the Eastern Cordillera. An abrupt middle Miocene shift to coarse alluvial fan deposition sourced from the Western Cordillera was driven by out‐of‐sequence deformation along the northeast directed, southwestern basin margin Pasani thrust at 18–16 Ma. This northern Altiplano out‐of‐sequence deformation was coincident with increased Eastern and Western Cordillera exhumation and thrusting and may be symptomatic of changes in critical wedge dynamics. The overall record of basin sedimentation and syndepositional fold‐thrust deformation emphasizes the role of regional shortening in governing crustal thickening and basin evolution in the central Andes during the Oligocene to Miocene.


In a newborn screening program for abnormal hemoglobins, 91 infants were found to have hemoglobin AS or AC. Their parents were informed and offered genetic counseling, but only 350 accepted. We tested parents' knowledge of sickle disorders before and after the session. The tests were repeated when their babies were 4 to 8 months of age; parents of babies with normal hemoglobin and those with sickle trait who had not been counseled were also tested at this time. Parents who received counseling showed an increase in knowledge and retained it until the second interview, although 27% did not recall the original session. Noncounseled parents of a child with trait also had knowledge of the condition; in general, families of a child with trait knew more about the condition than families of a child without trait. Newborn hemoglobin screening programs prove helpful for certain families but not necessarily for all who may be eligible. (Previously published in Am J Dis Child 1985;139:241-244.)


Background In the past 3 years, increasing data and experience has become available regarding fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, how this increase in knowledge has impacted the attitudes of patients and physicians is largely unknown. This study aimed to investigate the change of patients' and physicians' attitudes towards FMT for IBD treatment. Methods Questionnaires for patient and physician attitude on FMT for IBD were pilot-tested and developed. Patients and physicians from the same groups completed the questionnaires in 2016 and 2019, separately. The attitudes towards efficacy, adverse events, and methodological features of FMT in 2016 were compared with those in 2019. Results A total of 1,255 questionnaires from 486 patients and 769 physicians were collected. Over the 3 years, an increased number of patients had heard of FMT and had similarly positive opinions towards using FMT for IBD therapy. Additionally, patients retained the tendency to overestimate the efficacy. The physicians' perceptions became closer to the findings reported in recent studies in 2019 compared with 2016. However, only a minority of patients and physicians understood the frequency required of FMT courses for induction of clinical remission. In particular, both patients and physicians underestimated the risk of mild adverse events and IBD flare. Conclusions Patients are receptive towards FMT as therapy for IBD but opportunity remains to improve understanding of benefit and potential risks. Physicians also demonstrated knowledge gaps in use of this therapy. Aligning patient preference and physician knowledge gap will lead to better education and facilitate the development of decision-making guidelines.


Abstract This study tests the prevalence of choice overload (CO) in the U.S. beer market. We reveal that even if CO exists, sellers have mechanisms to reduce CO's negative consequences. The article describes the implementation of search cost-reducing private nudges (i.e., product quality scores and prominently listed specials) sellers commonly utilize to minimize CO's negative consequences. Our results suggest that, while CO exists for some buyers, it can be eliminated by market interactions on the part of the seller. (JEL Classifications: C93, D03, Q13)


The evolution of foundation fieldbus system is now being attained by the integration of new function blocks and new control techniques integrated to the standard functionality of the system. This paper describes different ways to use a newly developed state estimator function block on control loops based on estimated state feedback for SISO dynamic systems. The different control loops variations are explained and the correspondent function blocks strategies are presented, pointing out the advantages and applications of each strategy.


Japanese scholars are earlier among those who study dialectics of nature and have developed some inspiring researching ways, of which free discussion, generalization and ally are outstanding


The restructuring of urban economies from manufacturing to service industries has been a major feature of the last twenty-five years. Large cities with a population of at least one million have been at the forefront of this change with the primate cities of the newly industrialized countries increasingly affected. The growth characteristics, planning experiences, and policy implications of the expansion of service industries in large and medium-size metropolitan areas around the world are examined. This has illuminated issues connected with the interurban competition for services. The service sector has shaped new urban planning and public policy agendas and the way in which metropolitan areas in this study have started to reshape their policies provides a good lead for others to follow. It is likely that new pressures will strengthen the need to look beyond their established urban planning policies to broader, integrated urban management policies.


This monograph, depicting surgical anatomy of the thorax, is written by an outstanding surgeon-anatomist, a superb medical illustrator, and a respected cardiothoracic surgeon. The combination has produced an atlas of unusual quality and relevance. The entire thorax is carefully covered in this work, with 134 very useful illustrations. The authors have presented in a highly commendable manner alternative surgical approaches for a variety of standard procedures. Moreover, there is more narrative than is customarily provided in a surgical atlas and this welcome addition provides pertinent and explanatory data. The line illustrations of Malone are each of outstanding quality and uniquely emphasize the important features. In appropriate circumstances, illustrations published in the literature by others have been selected with care and for obvious reasons. In a praiseworthy manner this volume collects most of the techniques used in the field of thoracic and cardiac surgery. It is gratifyingly complete with, for example,


An automatic segmentation for pollen microscopic images was proposed in this paper,which was useful to develop a recognition system of airborne pollen.First,the image patch classifier was trained with normalized color component.Then,conditional random field was employed to model pollen images and Maximum A Posterior(MAP) was used to segment the pollen areas in microscopic images,with graph cut algorithm for optimization.In the experiments,the respective average values of mean distance error was 7.3 pixels and the true positive rate was 87% on 133 images.The experimental results show that image patch classifier and conditional random field model can be used to accomplish segmentation of the pollen microscopic images.


STUDY OBJECTIVES
Monitoring electrocardiogram (ECG) is an integral component of pediatric polysomnography (PSG). There is limited data regarding arrhythmia and conduction disturbances in the pediatric population undergoing a PSG. In this work we present abnormal ECG findings during PSG in our sleep center.

METHODS
A retrospective chart review from children who underwent PSG read by a single Sleep Medicine physician in the last year was carried out. Findings in children without cardiac disease and with first or second degree atrioventricular block (AVB) were compared to those from children with premature ventricular contractions (PVC).

RESULTS
A total of 1,235 PSGs were included. Twenty-four children (9 girls and 15 boys) aged 2-17 years (median 9 years) were identified with arrhythmias or conduction disturbances (1.9%). Nineteen out of 24 of these children (79.2%) had obstructive apnea-hypopnea index (oAHI) > 1 event/h; this frequency was not significantly different from that found in the whole group of 1,235 children. No statistically significant difference was found between children with AVB or PVC. Seven out of nine children with AVB and seven out of 10 with PVC had oAHI > 1 event/h, while eight children with AVB out of nine and four out of 10 with PVC were males (Fisher exact test p=0.04). None of the children were found to have a structural or conduction abnormality when referred to cardiology.

CONCLUSIONS
Our study supports that ECG abnormalities are rare in PSGs of children and not associated with cardiac disease or sleep disorders but appear more commonly in males.


Assembly comprising a substrate having a pocket for electromagnetic responses particles, such as a display medium, a lens, and a color change the fabric can be produced for various applications. Structure of these pockets can be selected to provide a higher particle density than those realized previously. The assembly includes a substrate assembly (840), and the particle includes an upper surface covering layer (848).


This paper looks at the effects of the U.S. military presence in South Korea specifically prostitution in communities around the military bases on Amerasian children and their Korean mothers. The data were gathered from a series of interviews with both groups of people feminist activists addressing the problem of U. S. militarism in South Korea and social service providers working with Amerasian children. It is argued that the issues discussed in this paper need to be seen in terms of the U.S. military as an institution the militarized masculinity which it generates and womens socio-economic position. Using the analytical lenses of gender race class and nation a call is made for activist scholarship by feminists to address this problem. (authors)


Ulcerative colitis is a kind of disease which causes are not specific.The causes and pathogenesis of UC have close relationship with the disorder of immune function.The development of the disorder of immune function are reviewed in order to discuss effective drugs and prevention.


Introduction: NSCLC accounts for about 80-85% of all lung cancers. Approximately 10-50% of patients with NSCLC harbor EGFR activating mutations, such as in-frame deletions in exon 19 (Ex19del). Currently, for patients with advanced NSCLC, testing for sensitizing mutations in EGFR is mandatory prior to the administration of anti-EGFR inhibitors such as Osimertinib. The CAM xenograft offers a rich environment in nutrients and embryonic growth factors, favorable for aggressive tumor development, with its highly vascularized membrane and natural immunodeficiency at engraftment (at EDD9).
 Methods: HCC827 Ex19del cells have been engrafted in ovo, and treated with various doses of osimertinib for seven days (4 treatments). The xenografts were collected and immunohistopathological, transcriptional and genetic analyses were carried out. Based on human transcriptional data, supervised multivariate discrimination between conditions and ontology analysis was performed through GSEA.
 Results: The xenograft growth was inversely dependent on the exposure dose of osimertinib, with a reduction in tumor weight of 58% for 10 µM (corresponding to 8.3 µg/Kg, T1/2 =4hr). The histological analysis showed epithelial tumor cells composed of solid sheets. The quantity of tumor cells was significantly lower in the treated group, with an area of tumor necrosis. The immunohistochemistry of tumor cells confirmed the human pulmonary epithelial origin, with TTF1 positive in treated and control groups. As expected, the ontology analysis of transcriptomic findings highlighted a downregulation of the EGFR pathway and its downstream effectors. Furthermore, the transcriptomic responses associated with chemotaxis, immune cell recruitment, and angiogenesis were dampened in the presence of osimertinib. This suggests that therapeutic efficacy was not uniquely guided through cell-autonomous mechanisms, but also takes place at the tissue level. We confirmed this in an independent experiment of in ovo HCC827 engraftment, showing a statically significant reduction of 15% in the number of vessels surrounding the xenograft in the osimertinib-treated condition. This demonstrates the advantage of using the in ovo model to decipher the regulations associated with therapeutics in a complex tissue context.
 Conclusions: For the first time, we have observed that osimertinib modulates angiogenesis and chemotaxis, which apparently reduces immune system recruitment and immune checkpoint responses. The ontologic analysis of transcriptomic findings in the CAM model strongly support the clinical observations of the pharmacological tumoral response to targeted therapy. The fact that immune infiltration was reduced in osimertinib-treated tumors may partially explain the lower response to immunotherapy regimens in osimertinib resistance contexts.
 Citation Format: David Barthelemy, Arnaud Vigneron, Xavier Rousset, Jerome Guitton, Emmanuel Grolleau, Margaux Raffin, Julie Balandier, Gaelle Lescuyer, Florence Geiguer, Sebastien Couraud, Jean Vaillet, Nazim Benzerdjeb, Lea Payen-Gay. Pharmacological mechanisms of osimertinib in advanced non-small lung cancer bearing the deletion exon 19 of EGFR In an original chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) Model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2023; Part 1 (Regular and Invited Abstracts); 2023 Apr 14-19; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2023;83(7_Suppl):Abstract nr 4866.


Abstract Israel is a relatively young society. The educational system was designed by immigrants who came mostly from Eastern and Central Europe, where the tradition of academic research in geography is short. The educational system is controlled centrally by national planning bodies that determine both goals and the contents of study for all ages. Thus geography is perceived by those responsible for shaping the educational system as a subject with a national educational message of the highest importance. These people have stressed the affective targets of the discipline and have emphasized localism in the content of geography. How has the teaching of geography changed over the present century in Israel? Which social ideas and which channels of geographic thought have shaped methods of instruction, the curriculum, and the development of school textbooks? These are the central questions of this paper.


In the given clause the algorithm of mathematical modeling of the innovative calculation variant of the investment tax credit is resulted. The given technique allows managing subjects to form the sum of the investment tax credit necessary for them of the set period of time.


In this paper, we argue that for a C-class classification problem, C 2-class classifiers, each of which discriminating one class from the other classes and having a characteristic input feature subset, should in general outperform, or at least match the performance of, a C-class classifier with one single input feature subset. For each class, we select a desirable feature subset, which leads to the lowest classification error rate for this class using a classifier for a given feature subset search algorithm. To fairly compare all models, we propose a weight method for the class-dependent classifier, i.e., assigning a weight to each model's output before the comparison is carried out. The method's performance is evaluated on two artificial data sets and several real-world benchmark data sets, with the support vector machine (SVM) as the classifier , and with the RELIEF, class separability, and minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevancy (mRMR) as attribute importance measures. Our results indicate that the class-dependent feature subsets found by our approach can effectively remove irrelevant or redundant features, while maintaining or improving (sometimes substantially ) the classification accuracy, in comparison with other feature selection methods.


Objective To study the polymorphisms of Glucocerebrosidase(GBA)gene mutation sites(N370S,V394L and L444P)in patients with Parkinson's disease in Shandong province of China,and to explore the relationship between GBA gene and Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods Exon 9 and exon 10 of GBA gene were amplified the in 60 PD patients and 60 normal controls by polymerase chain reaction(PCR).PCR products were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing.BLAST was used for sequences analysis.Results The sequence results demonstrated that the nucleotide sequences of exon 9 and exon 10 of GBA gene in the patients of Parkinson's disease and normal controls were the same,with no mutation found.Conclusion The GBA gene mutation sites(N370S,V394L and L444P)may not be risk factors for PD in Chinese Shandong population.


In 1948, when the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was adopted, human rights and humanitarian law were treated as separate fields. Since the 1968 Tehran International Conference on Human Rights, the situation has changed dramatically and the two subjects are now considered as different branches of the same discipline. A number of factors have contributed to this merger, including the growing significance of international criminal law and the criminalization of serious violations of human rights. This is the theme of the present comment.


Aims Mental illness amongst prison inmates is a prevailing issue across the world, as mental illnesses are overrepresented in correctional facilities when compared to community populations. Despite this, correctional officers receive little to no training on how to respond to inmates with mental illness. Implementing mental health training could improve officer knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward inmates with mental illness. This could lead to improvements in risk management, humane treatment of inmates, and interprofessional collaboration with healthcare providers. There is limited research on the educational value of inmate mental health training programs for correctional officers. As far as we are aware, there have been no prior reviews of this literature. The goal of the present study is to review this literature to explore the nature and effectiveness of correctional officer mental health training programs. Method Medical and criminal justice databases were searched for scientific articles describing correctional officer mental health training programs. All studies that included a measurable outcome on either correctional officer knowledge or inmate mental health were included in a final analysis. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews. Result Of 1492 articles identified using search terms, 11 were included in the analysis. 6 articles described mental health education programs, 2 articles described skill-specific programs, and 3 articles described suicide prevention programs. Training programs reviewed content about mental illness, practical skills, and included didactic and experiential teaching modalities. The programs led to improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes amongst officers. Prior mental health attitudes, knowledge, and work experience did not correlate with improvements following training. Officers were more receptive to program facilitators with correctional or lived mental health experience. Experiential teaching was preferred to didactic teaching. A decline in training improvements occurred several months after training. Conclusion There is limited but positive literature suggesting that structured training programs, particularly involving persons with lived experience and experiential components are beneficial. The decline in training improvements suggests need for ongoing education and systems change within correctional institutions to ensure sustainability of gains. In terms of limitations of this review, it is possible articles pertaining to correctional officer mental health training were not available on the databases searched or some programs may not be published. Studies were also limited in their outcome measurement, with no consistent tools, and no control groups. This review can guide the development, delivery, and contribute toward best practice guidelines for future inmate mental health training programs and studies.


We test the hypothesis that abrupt cessation of solar wind driving results in a different recovery profile for Dst than does a slow cessation. The difference arises when abrupt cessation of convection causes a large portion of the asymmetric ring current to be trapped, whereas continued, weakened convection permits a rapid initial loss of ring current particles through the dayside magnetopause. Specifically, we compare the initial recovery of the hourly Dst index for storms with gradual versus abrupt northward turning of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). We consider only storms with minimum Dst between −150 nT and −300 nT. We show that storms with abrupt northward turnings show the same recovery in the first 6 hours or slightly more recovery than do the storms with gradual northward turnings. Our results contradict the hypothesis that the rate of northward turning (i.e., shutoff of convection) largely determines the initial rate of recovery in Dst.


Abstract The two-dimensional controlled selection problem and the problem of maximizing the overlap of old and new primary sampling units after restratification and change of selection probabilities have been studied for several decades but have never been completely solved until now. Using transportation theory, complete solutions are obtained here for these and other problems. The solution to the controlled selection problem is based on a specific transportation model that was originally developed, in a previous paper by Cox and Ernst (1982), to solve completely the controlled rounding problem, namely the problem of optimally rounding real-valued entries in a two-way tabular array to adjacent integer values in a manner that preserves the tabular (additive) structure of the array. This model is also applied to other statistical problems, such as raking and statistical disclosure for frequency count tabulations and microdata.


2 Abstract: Investigation of various text-types in any languages provides a better and holistic image and knowledge about natural patterns of that language. The present study intended to examine textual features of Persian translational and non-translational journalistic political news applying a contrastive approach. To this end, a comparable corpus of Persian translational and non-translational news articles was compiled to define and clarify the textual and lexical features of the texts utilizing corpora and concordance program. The investigated features included lexical density, lexical variety and mean sentence length. The comparable corpus was comprised of two collections of almost equal size: 47,510 words of translational and 48,030 words of non-translational news texts. The findings of the study revealed that the translational texts were significantly different from their non-translational counterparts in terms of lexical density and lexical variety. But they did not significantly differ in terms of mean sentence length.


Studying on the connotation and features of sports leisure activities from the perspective of phenomenology,the present thesis clarifies the reason and the causality of sports and leisure activities rising in China In recent years.The analysis suggests that the sports leisure activity is a " body experience" activity,a direct experience for "truth,goodness,beauty",as well as a " body expression" activity,expressing the existence of life,interpersonal harmony and local(group)culture.The features of " body experience" and " body expression" jointly show the meaning of human subjectivity.


Proteinase A2, a chymotrypsin type enzyme, was purified about 280-fold from an extract of Euphausia superba by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75, and hydroxyapatite column chromatography. The final preparation was electrophoretically homogeneous. The molecular weight was 29,000. The optimum pH was 8.0 and the optimum temperature was 45°C.Proteinase A2 hydrolyzed casein but not benzoyl-dl-arginine-p-nitroanilide, unlike other serine proteinases from antarctic krill. This enzyme was inhibited by DFP, PMSF, soybean trypsin inhibitor, but not TLCK, leupeptin, or antipain. Proteinase A2 could hydrolyze benzoyl–tyrosine–ethylester and was inhibited by chymostatin.These results suggest that proteinase A2 from antarctic krill seemed to be a new type of anionic chymotrypsin.