Managers usually can justify financially supporting a proposed ergonomics intervention only when it is supported by a sound cost benefit analysis. The factors to consider and sources of information for calculating the costs and benefits of proposed ergonomic projects are described. Based upon his review of numerous ergonomics projects, the common characteristics of successful ergonomics interventions gleaned by the author are described and then illustrated by actual documented cases.


Remote photoplethysmography (rPPG) has recently attracted much attention due to its non-contact measurement convenience and great potential in health care and computer vision applications. However, almost all the existing rPPG methods are based on uncompressed video data, which greatly limits its application to the scenarios that require long-distance video transmission. This paper proposes a novel framework as a first attempt to address the rPPG pulse extraction in presence of video compression artifacts. Based on the analysis of the impact of various compression methods on rPPG measurements, the problem is cast as single-channel signal separation. The framework consists of three major steps to extract the pulse waveform and heart rate by exploiting frequency structure of the rPPG signal. A benchmark dataset which contains stationary and motion videos has been built. The results show that the proposed algorithm significantly improves the SNR and heart rate precision of state-of-the-art rPPG algorithms on stationary videos and has a positive effect on motion videos at low bitrates.


Although postmortem records in a general hospital showed that hypertensive cerebral vascular disease was the most common cause of spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (Russell, 1954), a co-operative study in the United States (Sahs el al., 1969) indicated that intracranial aneurysms were the most frequent underlying lesions in cases of subarachnoid haemorrhage. In their study of 5,836 patients who had had spontaneous non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhages, Sahs and his colleagues found that 51 per cent had aneurysms, in 15 per cent hypertensive arteriosclerotic vascular disease was the cause, and 6 per cent had arteriovenous malformations. There arc many other causes of subarachnoid haemorrhage, including intracranial and spinal tumours, blood dyscrasias, inflammatory conditions of the brain and meninges, and the monoamine oxidase inhibitor drugs in association with amphetamines and tyraminc-containing foods, but they are all rarities. It


The prevalence of faecal incontinence in adults living in the community is 1-10%, depending on the definition used.1 2 Faecal incontinence is a neglected problem that receives limited medical attention, and despite its profound negative impact most patients do not tell their doctor about it.3 4 Simple, low cost interventions will often improve or even cure symptoms. More sophisticated second line investigations and treatments are available, but referral for these is not common. This article summarises the most recent guidance from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) on managing faecal incontinence in adults.5

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence. When minimal evidence is available, a range of consensus techniques is used to develop recommendations. In this summary, recommendations derived primarily from consensus techniques are indicated with an asterisk (*).

### General approach

All staff working with people with faecal incontinence should be aware of the physical and emotional impact this condition can have on patients and their carers. Consider patients' needs and preferences when planning treatment and ensure they have the opportunity to make informed decisions in partnership.

### Assessment

Healthcare professionals should actively yet sensitively inquire about symptoms of faecal incontinence in high risk groups (box).

#### Groups at high risk of faecal incontinence

Faecal incontinence often has several contributory factors. Assumptions that it is caused by a single primary condition are therefore not appropriate.* Before …


Aiming at the problems of the existing aerospace servo energy source, such as large volume, insufficient specific power, and limited discharge capacity of large current pulses, from the perspective of improving the specific power and specific energy of the battery, the silver oxide battery and the supercapacitor were integrated and a new type of servo energy was developed. Super zinc-silver oxide power supply not only meets the technical requirements of high specific power and high specific energy, but also has the advantages of high reliability and miniaturization through positive frame forming technology, composite negative electrode technology and battery pack structure design methods. The test results show that the super zinc oxide silver power supply effectively improves the energy utilization rate of the electromechanical servo system, and provides new ideas and new methods for the design of servo energy.


Irrigated production around the world has significantly increased over the last decade. However, climate change is a new threat that could seriously aggravate the irrigation water supplies and request. In this study, the data is derived from the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). For the climate change scenarios, five Global Climate Models (GCMs) have been used. By using the CROPWAT approach of Smith, the net irrigation water requirement (IRnet) was calculated. For the estimation of the potential evapotranspiration (Epot), the method in Raziei and Pereira was used. According to representative concentration pathway (RCP) 4.5, these increases vary between 0.74% (North America) and 20.92% (North America) while the RCP 8.5 predict increases of 4.06% (sub-Saharan Africa) to more than 68% (North America). The results also show that the region of Latin America is the region with the large amount of IRnet with coprime value between 1.39 km3/yr (GFDL 4.5) and 1.48 km3/yr (CSIRO 4.5) while sub-Saharan Africa has the smallest IRnet amount between 0.13 km3/yr (GFDL 8.5) and 0.14 km3/yr (ECHAM 8.5). However, the most affected countries by this impact are those in sub-Saharan Africa. This study will probably help decision-makers to make corrections in making their decision.


The article, basing on The Message from the President of Republic of Kazakhstan Nazarbayev N.A. «The new Kazakhstan in the new world» attempts to examine the factors and basis of polylingual education in Kazakhstan, the problems of polylingual education in Kazakhstan, theoretical foundation of polylingual education and the cultural project «The unity of three languages» in Republic of Kazakhstan. So, according to the Message from the President, Kazakhstan must be accepted as a highly developed country where the population speaks three languages: Kazakh, Russian and English.


SYNTHESIS 2009, No. 9, pp 1477–1484xx.xx.2009 Advanced online publication: 14.04.2009 DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1088122; Art ID: M07008SS © Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart · New York Abstract: A new synthetic protocol for the preparation of 3,3-disubstituted cyclopropenes from the corresponding bromocyclopropanes via a base-assisted 1,2-elimination has been developed. Employment of catalytic amounts of 18-crown-6 in ethereal solvents allowed for improved yields, as compared to the classical procedure employing dimethyl sulfoxide, making this protocol applicable to the synthesis of hydrophilic cyclopropenes. The application of this new method for the efficient synthesis of cyclopropene-3-carboxamides, an important class of functionalized 3,3disubstituted cyclopropenes, is demonstrated. Scope and limitation studies are discussed.


The design of multi-computer communication system for distributed control system with composing industry control computer and terminal computer is introduced. The network structure, connect manner and software communication protocol are discussed.


Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory illness that can spread from person to person. The virus that causes COVID-19 is a novel coronavirus that was first identified during an investigation into an outbreak in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread across the world to become the first pandemic caused by a coronavirus.
As of 26 March 2020, there are 275 cases affected by COVID-19 announced by the Moroccan government, and it possible to limit the spread of this serious disease, with the cooperation of all the citizens in respect of the measures of containment and individual protection. Also, with the announce yesterday by the Moroccan government of the authorization of use of chloroquine in treatment of COVID-19 pneumonia, COVID-19 will be soon eradicated from Morocco and hopefully from all over the world


The present invention discloses a cloud data integration method based on a vehicle-borne diagnostic system and a system thereof. The method comprises the following steps that (1) a manufacturer carries out product register at an e-commerce platform cloud through a manufacturer cloud so as to obtain the OBD equipment data of the vehicle-borne diagnostic system, (2) the binding of the equipment and the e-commerce platform cloud and the manufacturer cloud is executed through an e-commerce platform APP, (3) the e-commerce platform cloud queries the OBD data through the e-commerce platform APP and the manufacturer cloud.


A new FFT architecture for real-time implementation of large FFTs is presented. The architecture supports both, high-throughput and variable-length processing capabilities. The implementation is configurable at run-time, in order to compute power-of-two length ranging from 16 to 2n. It supports efficient integration of data scaling techniques. A radix-23 DIT FFT algorithm is derived, which minimizes the number of multipliers and supports simple reordering.


Local sheath plasma, so called fireball, which generates in electron sheath in front of a small positively biased electrode immersed in pre-existing plasma plays a key role to increase plasma ion beam current by two orders of magnitude only with a few watts in input power. Although characteristics of the localized plasma depends on the ambient plasma, correlation between the two contiguous plasmas was not elucidated sufficiently. In this study, characteristics of the local sheath plasma such as breakdown voltage, saturation current and mode-transition have been investigated experimentally in terms of the operating conditions of the pre-existing plasma. The local sheath plasma generates at lower breakdown voltages in lower electron density and higher pressure plasma. On the contrary, higher electron density and lower pressure is preferable to maintain higher current at the biased electrode which implies the higher plasma density in the localized plasma. In operating the local sheath plasma, mode-transition occurs over a certain voltage, which is also affected by the ambient plasma. These experimental results suggest that appropriate control of the pre-existing plasma is needed according to phase of the local sheath plasma.


This paper outlines a comprehensive experimental program that has been initiated to examine the cyclic inelastic response of large size steel bracing members. Cyclic quasi-static tests were carried out on 34 brace specimens, including square tubing, circular tubing, and W (H) shape members. The brace slenderness, the slenderness ratio of the brace cross-section elements, and the loading protocol were also varied. The depth of the brace cross-sections ranged between 152 and 305 mm and the tensile yield capacity of the braces varied from 2.0 to 9.0 MN. The response of the brace specimens was characterized by overall buckling, tensile yielding, and local buckling. The latter developed in the plastic hinge that formed at the brace mid-length. Failure of the brace occurred by fracture in the plastic hinge region. The shape of the brace cross-section, the slenderness of the elements of the brace cross-section and the brace overall slenderness were found to influence the fracture life of the brace specimens.


In this paper the authors first describe the theoretical background of their constructivist approach to therapy: the Kiel-Meyn-Consultation-Model. They then outline their guidelines "cooperating, reflecting, making open" for interviewing, briefly describe the "meta-dialogue" and point out some basic helpful attitudes consultants can hold. Annotated excerpts from a consultation are then presented to give an idea of how the model works. The paper closes with summaries of follow-up sessions and their evaluation by the therapist.


The utility model relates to an electric melting pipe fitting with a built-in heating wire. The electric melting pipe fitting comprises an electric melting pipe body and a pipe material, wherein the inner diameter of the electric melting pipe body is matched with the outer diameter of the pipe material, the inner wall of the electric melting pipe body is provided with a wire slot, the heating wire is arranged in the wire slot, an electrode pole is arranged in the electric melting pipe body, and the heating wire is electrically connected with the electrode pole. In the electric melting pipe fitting of the utility model, the heating wire is completely accommodated inside the pipe body, the problems of oxidation of exposed heating wire and short circuit during welding are solved, and the problem of heating wire shifting caused by impact during pipe material sheathing in construction is also solved.


This study is concerned with access management analysis related to unsignalized intersections and access points. All possible median types that could exist across from unsignalized intersections were identified, which included closed, directional (allowing access from both major road directions), open, undivided, two-way left turn lane, and mixed (allowing access from a single major road direction only). The study made use of data collected from 2500 unsignalized intersections in the State of Florida. The analysis included differentiating between crashes that are related to medians and intersection-related to convey a better understanding of safety deficiencies to facilitate the countermeasures recommendation. Identifying different median-related crash patterns at each median was also investigated. The binary logit approach was implemented in this study as a new promising application for understanding those factors affecting median-related crashes at different median types. The bivariate probit model was also used to examine the interrelation between median type and median-related crash patterns. Both approaches succeeded in identifying those factors affecting median-related crash occurrence. Some of the significant factors were median width, speed limit on major roads, the annual average daily traffic volume on the major road, the spatial covariates represented by the upstream and downstream distances to the nearest signalized intersection, and crash pattern. The study also recommended safety countermeasures for improving access management across from unsignalized intersections.


: This paper will present various passive cooling strategies suitable for hot and dry regions. Buildings as they are constructed presently use a huge energy resource and other nonrenewable natural resources, with devastating negative environmental effects. It can be seen that 29% of the overall energy is used by the building out of which 20% by residents and 9% by commercial. A hypothetical model will be developed with climate consideration of Solapur city and the implication of passive cooling strategies at the site, building, and component levels. This research aims to see how effective it is to implement chosen climate-responsive technologies to increase energy efficiency and minimize power utilization in individual dwellings in hot and dry climates. The key results of this research have been described and suggested solution from the studies based on the limits of this research has been presented. Hypothetical studies have suggested that using all of the mentioned strategies in buildings can reduce mechanical cooling demand by up to 50% - 70%.


With the advent of the Large Hadron Collider, we are in a new era in Particle Physics, in which unprecedented energy scales can be probed. Although it is a discovery machine, it has already been shown to be able to produce experimental precisions at the percent level, and so our theoretical calculations must match that, which requires (at least) calculations to next-to-leading order (NLO). In this thesis,
we explain and develop new techniques for the evaluation of one-loop integrals, which have historically been the bottleneck in NLO calculations. After introducing Quantum Field Theory and NLO calculations, we explain the process of tensor reduction and the golem95 method for avoiding its numerical instabilities. We follow this by discussing the techniques used to improve the stability of a library of scalar integrals (for two- and three-point integrals), and then we discuss the extension of the golem95 library to include complex internal masses, along with the reasons
for doing so. We then bring together the GoSam project with the event generator Sherpa, in order to calculate the process pp -> e+e−μ+μ− by diboson production to NLO, including the (formally higher order) loop-induced process with gluons in the initial state.


OBJECTIVE
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common complication after cardiac surgery and may affect prognosis. Serum phosphate (SPh) elevation is well-known to occur after AKI but not well-documented. The aim of the present study was to describe SPh changes during AKI after cardiac surgery and to assess the accuracy for the diagnosis of AKI severity and recovery.

DESIGN
Prospective, single center, observational study.

SETTING
Intensive care unit of a tertiary university hospital.

PARTICIPANTS
All patients admitted consecutively to the intensive care unit between February 2015 and March 2016.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS
AKI was defined according to Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria and classified as nonsevere (stage 1) and severe (stages 2 and 3). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was conducted to test reliability of SPh for AKI severity and recovery. AKI occurred in 86 of the 260 patients included (33%) in the study; 58 (67%) experienced nonsevere AKI, and 28 (33%) experienced severe AKI. A significant elevation of SPh values was observed in AKI patients, which peaked at 48 hours. At this time, an SPh of 1.33 mmol/L demonstrated a good accuracy for AKI severity, with an area under the curve of 0.91 (95% confidence interval 0.82-1.00). For kidney recovery, a 25% SPh decrease 24 hours after the peak had a positive predictive value of 100%, and a 2.5% decrease allowed for the reclassification of patients when the serum creatinine had not decreased enough.

CONCLUSIONS
The results showed that SPh changes closely follow AKI severity and kidney recovery after cardiac surgery. In addition to serum creatinine, this simple biological marker may help predict early favorable outcome.


[1] We investigated aerosol optical properties, mass concentration and chemical composition over a 1 year period (from March 2006 to February 2007) at an urban site in Southern Spain (Granada, 37.18°N, 3.58°W, 680 m above sea level). Light-scattering and absorption measurements were performed using an integrating nephelometer and a MultiAngle Absorption Photometer (MAAP), respectively, with no aerosol size cut-off and without any conditioning of the sampled air. PM10 and PM1 (ambient air levels of atmospheric particulate matter finer than 10 and 1 microns) were collected with two high volume samplers, and the chemical composition was investigated for all samples. Relative humidity (RH) within the nephelometer was below 50% and the weighting of the filters was also at RH of 50%. PM10 and PM1 mass concentrations showed a mean value of 44 ± 19 μg/m3 and 15 ± 7 μg/m3, respectively. The mineral matter was the major constituent of the PM10–1 fraction (contributing more than 58%) whereas organic matter and elemental carbon (OM+EC) contributed the most to the PM1 fraction (around 43%). The absorption coefficient at 550 nm showed a mean value of 24 ± 9 Mm−1 and the scattering coefficient at 550 nm presented a mean value of 61 ± 25 Mm−1, typical of urban areas. Both the scattering and the absorption coefficients exhibited the highest values during winter and the lowest during summer, due to the increase in the anthropogenic contribution and the lower development of the convective mixing layer during winter. A very low mean value of the single scattering albedo of 0.71 ± 0.07 at 550 nm was calculated, suggesting that urban aerosols in this site contain a large fraction of absorbing material. Mass scattering and absorption efficiencies of PM10 particles exhibited larger values during winter and lower during summer, showing a similar trend to PM1 and opposite to PM10–1. This seasonality is therefore influenced by the variations on PM composition. In addition, the mass scattering efficiency of the major aerosol constituents in PM10 were also calculated applying the multilinear regression (MLR) analysis. Among all of them, the most efficient in terms of scattering was sulfate ion (7 ± 1 m2g−1) while the least efficient was the mineral matter (0.2 ± 0.3 m2g−1). On the other hand, we found that the absorption process was mainly dominated by carbonaceous particles.


Objective To explore the application and treatment effective for stroke patients with community-based rehabilitation in biofeedback.Methods Fifty seven cases stroke hemiplegia patients from June 2010 to June 2011 treated in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups,the control group had 28 cases who were used of conventional drug therapy;the experimental group of 29 patients in drug treatment based on conventional,motor function were assessed with straightforward Fugl-Meyer Assessment evaluation sheet,and activities of daily life abilities were assessed with Barthel index of function rating scale,the biofeedback treatment of two groups were compared on the score of course and efficacy.Results FMA score in the experimental group improved on the rate of 56.56% was significantly higher than the 26.32% in control group;improvement in the Barthel Index was 54.31%,also significantly higher than the control group with 21.61%;the total effective rate of the experimental group was 82.76%,it was significantly higher than the total effective rate 57.14% in control group,all of the above indexes were compared,and the results were statistically significant between two groups,all P 0.05.Conclusion Biofeedback has a good effect,and it can improve the abilities for motor function and activities of daily living,it to be worth generalization at clinical.


The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of bench stepping exercise at a nursing home in an area with cold and snowy winters. Subjects were assigned to two groups (the training group and the control group). The training group participated in bench stepping exercise (ten minutes per session, three sessions per day, and five days per week) at an intensity of RPE 12 or 13. The result of our exercise intervention showed that there were significant differences (P<0.05) in CS-30 test scores compared with the control group. METs at exercise testing were improved significantly (P<0.01) in the exercise group. The adherence rate of this exercise prescription was about 85% for ten months, that is, subjects maintained the same amount of exercise in winter compared with summer. These findings suggest that bench stepping exercise for elderly in nursing homes, especially in a snowy area, is effective and keeps a high adherence rate.


The basic principles of rehabilitation philosophy relevant to the care of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, specifically Pick's disease and frontotemporal dementias, are briefly defined. These principles are illustrated by the case study of a patient with a clinical diagnosis of Pick's disease.


An extensive zoocenotic study of arthropod populations was performed on a Siberian plant Leuzea carthamoides, which was recently introduced to Central Europe as a medicinal crop. Because it contains a very high concentration of insect hormones (ecdysteroids) (300-1,000 ppm of 20-hydroxyecdysone equivalents in the leaves), the plant was thought to be resistant to attack by non-adapted arthropod herbivores (effective concentrations 25-100 ppm in insect diet). Two consecutive seasons of analysis revealed that, in spite of the high ecdysteroid content, the crops of L. carthamoides contained a well-established and consolidated arthropod fauna. 126 species of arthropods were observed on these plants during 1993 and 1994. Of this number, 74 were feeding on the leaves, and 33 of these could complete their adult development on the plants without apparent difficulties. There were also 52 parasitoid and predatory arthropod species of secondary importance.The results revealed the following four observations that are relevant to the possible resistance of L. carthamoides to phytophagous arthropods: (a) the plant is by no means universally resistant to all phytophagous arthropods; (b) the most abundant and, perhaps, most resistant herbivores that can complete their life cycle on the plant are from groups in which ecdysteroid action is little known or unknown, e.g., spider mites, collembolans, thysanopterans, psocopterans or Exopterygota with sucking mouthparts; (c) Endopterygote insect pests, which are the most sensitive to ecdysteroid-containing diet, were represented by only a few species and relatively low abundances; and, (d) all arthropods colonizing this plant belonged to polyphagous or oligophagous species with a relatively wide range of different host plants. Composition of arthropod fauna within plantations of L. carthamoides was similar to that observed in studies of the sugar beet (Beta vulgaris), which is also an introduced plant. Physiological conditions associated with possible resistance of insects to dietary ecdysteroids are discussed in terms of the following two points of virtual insensitivity: (a) use of molecules other than the plant-contained ecdysteroid as the endogenous hormone, and (b) elimination of the exogenous dietary ecdysteroid by excretion during feeding period.


The objective of this study was to further validate and refine the Tenti Model for Atmospheric Lidar Backscatter in temperature, wavelength and scattering angle space. This was achieved through experimental Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering measurements recorded in the laboratory using a home-built setup. The setup included a high-power narrowband tuneable laser source in the ultraviolet and blue range of the spectrum, an enhancement cavity to produce some 5 Watts of power in the scattering zone, and a Fabry-Perot spectral analyzer that records the spectrum at a 90 degrees scattering angle. Scattering in the forward direction could not be tested in this activity due to technical and time constraints. RB-spectra are obtained in air for both 366 nm and 403 nm wavelengths for a pressure-temperature parameter space covering 0.3, 0.75, 1.0 and 3.0 bar and-20, 4, 24, 45 and 65 o C. These data match predictions from the TENTI S6 model to 1% accuracy, if the proper values for the macroscopic transport coefficients are included. In this model also a value for the bulk viscosity is used, which is derived from the present optical data. The TENTI model calculations can be used to retrieve the temperature levels in the experiment to within 0.4 o C. General background to the project The present study on laboratory Rayleigh-Brillouin scattering is intimately linked to future lidar missions of the European Space Agency. The immediate connection is to the ADM-Aeolus mission aiming to measure wind profiles in the Earth atmosphere on a global scale. This is pursued by active remote sensing, i.e. by measuring the spectral profile of the back-scattered light from an ultraviolet laser on board of the satellite. In the recent past it was noted that the molecular scattering functions are not Gaussian profiles and the deviations from gaussianity will influence the Doppler measurements and impact the wind profile analysis. In particular acoustic phenomena known to produce the characteristic Brillouin side-wings on the Doppler profile have a strong effect. This was identified as a major problem in a previous study (the ILIAD report 1) and it was estimated that neglecting the Brillouin effect will result in errors in the radial wind measurement of up to 10% in several cases. These estimates were made on the basis of models known in the literature since the 1970s as the TENTI models. These TENTI models had only been tested for a few measurement configurations and for a very …


It is argued that the T-dual of a crosscap is a combination of a n O and anO orientifold plane. Various theories with crosscaps and D-b ranes are interpreted as gauge-theories on tori obeying twisted boundary condition s. Their duals live on orientifolds where the various orientifold planes are of di f erent types. We derive how to read off the holonomies from the positions of D-branes in the orientifold background. As an application we reconstruct some results f rom a paper by Borel, Friedman and Morgan for gauge theories with classical group s, compactified on a 2– or 3–torus with twisted boundary conditions.


Jealousy is a negative response to the actual, imagined or expected emotional or sexual partner's involvement with another person. There are two basic types of jealousy: emotional and sexual. The majority of previous studies which have investigated the relationship between sex and type of jealousy were found that women react more strongly to emotional infidelity and men on sexual. Furthermore, the results in terms of extroversion are quite consistent and indicate the existence of a negative correlation with jealousy. Previous studies usually used self-esteem as a measure of jealousy, while decision times did not. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine whether the identified relations would exist using more objective dependent variable. 219 participants (85 men, 134 women) took part in pre- testing whose purpose was to determine sexual orientation and to measure level of extraversion. The main part of the study included 119 heterosexual participants (62 men, 57 women) whose z scores on the extraversion were ± 1sd. They performed the tasks in which after presenting an imaginary scenario they had to make a choice between two different answers (one relating to sexual and other on emotional infidelity), in accordance with which one cause them a greater degree of jealousy. Decision time was also registered. Analysis showed that male participants choose in equal proportion sexual (N=31 ; 50%) as emotional jealousy ((N=31, 50%) while women more often chose emotional (N=43 ; 75%) in relation to sexual jealousy (N=14 ; 25%). Analysis of time decisions confirm the aforementioned, i.e. women took significantly less time when selecting emotional infidelity, while men took approximately the same time when deciding on the type of infidelity to which they were more jealous. Extraverted individuals are more sensitive than introverted ones in sexual infidelity and introverted are more jealous in emotional than in sexual infidelity, but this trend was confirmed only for women. Extraverts and introverts, regardless of gender, have had the same decision time.


Purpose To evaluate the diagnostic value of 1.5T MRI in Budd-Chiari syndrome(BCS).Materials and Methods Thirty-five patients with BCS confirmed by clinical data,ultrasound examination and digital subtraction angiography(DSA) examination were selected.All patients received MRI examinations and magnetic resonance angiography(MRA).The direct and indirect signs of BCS were analyzed.Results Of the 35 BCS,26 were type Ⅰ,8 were type Ⅱ,1 was type Ⅲ,9 cases were in acute phase and 26 were in sub-acute and chronic phase.30 cases(85.7%) were correctly diagnosed by MRI,including 10 cases of type Ⅰ a,16 cases of type Ⅰ b,3 cases of type Ⅱand 1 case of type Ⅲ;31 cases(88.6%) were correctly diagnosed by DSA,including 6 cases of type Ⅰa,16 cases of type Ⅰb,8 cases of type Ⅱ and 1 case of type Ⅲ.Direct MR signs included inferior vena cava and/or liver vein thrombosis or obstruction(n=32).The indirect signs included extra-hepatic collateral vessels(n=23),intrahepatic collateral vessels(n=15),accessory hepatic vein(n=3),increased liver volume(n=12),decreased liver volume(n=11),increased caudate lobe(n=13),heterogeneous liver signal intensity(n=15),inhomogeneous enhancement of the liver edge(n=12),ascites(n=7) and hepatic regenerative nodules(n=2).No statistical difference in the diagnostic accuracy of BCS was shown between MRI and DSA(χ 2 =2.248,P0.05),but there were significant differences in the diagnostic accuracy of typeⅠa and type Ⅱ BCS.Conclusion 1.5T MRI can display the direct and indirect signs of BCS,and can correctly show the type of BCS,thus it provides important imaging information for clinical diagnosis.


It analyzed the representative package design in recent years and pointed out the fact that a successful package design of specific times reflected the characteristics of the times and people's needs. It focused on demand characteristics in the era of post-consumer,and the package design characteristics in this context.


There is a huge gap between demand and supply of energy carriers, which needs to be met through increased production of biodiesel using non-edible oil plants, without jeopardizing national food security. The study was conducted to investigate the fuel properties of desert-date (Balanites aegyptiaca)-based biodiesel for possible use as fuel for internal combustion engines. Biodiesel was produced from Balanites aegyptiaca oil using alkali catalyzed trans-esterification method. The fuel properties were determined in accordance with the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC 1990), American Society for Testing and Material (ASTM D6751) and European standard methods. The average oil yield was 396 g/kg, while the oil extraction efficiency was 88%. Trans-esterification of Balanites aegyptiaca oil revealed high biodiesel yield of 82.7%, 15.9% glycerol with 1.4% stir loss. Analysis of biodiesel fuel properties revealed a kinematic viscosity of 4.7mm2/s at 40°C, higher heating value of 37.5 MJ/kg, acid value of 0.11mgKOH/g, peroxide value of 1.4mEq/kg, iodine number of 68.53 gI2/100g, saponification number of 216 mgKOH/g, density of 886.79 kg/m3 at 15°C and cetane number of 50.42. These results are in accordance with the ASTM and European standard for biodiesel except its higher heating value. The findings from the study suggest Balanites aegyptiaca as a raw material for biodiesel production and its biodiesel as suitable alternative fuel for communities in dryland areas of Nigeria.


The Effective Field Theory Approach to Fluid Dynamics Solomon G. S. O. Endlich In this thesis we initiate a systematic study of fluid dynamics using the effective field theory (EFT) program. We consider the canonical quantization of an ordinary fluid in an attempt to discover if there is some kind of quantum mechanical inconsistency with ordinary fluids at zero temperature. The system exhibits a number of peculiarities associated with the vortex degrees of freedom. We also study the dynamics of a nearly incompressible fluid via (classical) effective field theory. In the kinematical regime corresponding to near incompressibility (small fluid velocities and accelerations), compressional modes are, by definition, difficult to excite, and can be dealt with perturbatively. We systematically outline the corresponding perturbative expansion, which can be thought of as an expansion in the ratio of fluid velocity and speed of sound. This perturbation theory allows us to compute many interesting quantities associated with sound-flow interactions. Additionally, we also improve on the so-called vortex filament model, by providing a local field theory describing the dynamics of vortex-line systems and their interaction with sound, to all orders in perturbation theory. Next, we develop a cosmological model where primordial inflation is driven by a 'solid'. The low energy EFT describing such a system is just a less symmetric version of the action of a fluid—it lacks the volume preserving diffeomorphism. The symmetry breaking pattern of this system differs drastically from that of standard inflationary models: time translations are unbroken. This prevents our model from fitting into the standard effective field theory description of adiabatic perturbations, with crucial consequences for the dynamics of cosmological perturbations. And finally, we introduce dissipative effects in the effective field theory of hydrodynamics. We do this in a model-independent fashion by coupling the long-distance degrees of freedom explicitly kept in the effective field theory to a generic sector that "lives in the fluid", which corresponds physically to the microscopic constituents of the fluid. At linear order in perturbations, the symmetries, the derivative expansion, and the assumption that this microscopic sector is thermalized, allow us to characterize the leading dissipative effects at low frequencies via three parameters only, which correspond to bulk viscosity, shear viscosity, and—in the presence of a conserved charge—heat conduction. Using our methods we re-derive the Kubo relations for these transport coefficients.


This paper argues that whatever the macro- and micro-outcomes of the current economic, financial and regulatory crises, the roles of central banks worldwide are changing fundamentally. These changes will not be uniform, and different models of central banking, especially with regard to strategic remit and operational activities, will be seen in different jurisdictions. However, as a general rule, the role of the central bank will become bigger, riskier and more complex. In many instances, a re-evaluation of a central bank's fundamental relationships, both formal and informal, will be required. These will include the institutional and governance relationships with both state governments and pan-national institutions, links with banks and financial firms over which the central bank may have monetary, fiscal and regulatory power, relationships with the media and communication with the electorate as a whole. Many central bankers will find this new transparency and accountability as irksome as it is novel, but attention will be required if the extended powers of the central bank are to be seen as legitimate. The paradox is that as central banks become inexorably more powerful and influential, the reins on their long-cherished independence will become tighter.


The utility model belongs to the technical field of gas turbine air filtering and discloses a three-stage air filtering system to solve the problems of large filtering area and short service life of the existing gas turbine and solves the problems that the cost is high, secondary pollution is easily caused and blowing explosion sound is large by adopting a self-cleaning filtering technology. The three-stage air filtering system comprises a filtering chamber, wherein a low-efficient filter, a medium-efficient filter and a high-efficient filter are arranged in the filtering chamber, a maintenance channel is arranged between the low-efficient filter and the medium-efficient filter, a maintenance channel is arranged between the medium-efficient filter and the high-efficient filter, the medium-efficient filter comprises a top driving roller mounted in the filtering chamber, a bottom driving roller and driven rollers mounted between the top driving roller and the bottom driving roller, and the driven rollers are and horizontally and alternately mounted in the filtering chamber; the top driving roller, the driven rollers and the bottom driving roller are coated with filtering layers, and a blowing system is assembled above the filtering layer which is positioned at the lowest end of the filtering chamber and between the driven rollers and the bottom driving roller.


Celebrity scandals are a useful tool to reveal the pervasiveness of expected ways of behaving within a particular culture or society. Italy of the early 1960s was particularly marked by these kinds of scandals, including that of singer Mina's pregnancy by Corrado Pani in 1963. This article takes this scandal as a case study to explore how star image in this period in Italy was influenced by the established ideologies that governed social convention, morality, and traditional gender roles. It examines in detail the ways in which the popular press reported on this scandal, using the reports that covered the announcement of the pregnancy and then the birth to cast light on the extent to which the mainstream social values and ideas regarding the status quo and expected ways of behaving for women in Italy during the early 1960s are destabilised and/or reasserted through the star persona of Mina. This article has been accepted for publication in a revised form in Modern Italy This version is free to view and download for private research and study only. Not for re-distribution, re-sale or use in derivative works. © Cambridge University Press.


We examined the hypothesized link between early parental bonding experience and adult attachment in 565 graduate students in China. Data were analyzed according to gender. When adult attachment was measured dimensionally, findings showed the hypothesized relationship was not supported in both genders. However, partial support was indicated when adult attachment was measured categorically: (a) securely attached females reported significantly higher levels of paternal care than fearfully attached females; (b) securely attached males reported significantly higher levels of parental care and lower levels of parental overprotection than the 3 insecurely attached groups of males. Results are discussed in the context of the role cultural variables play in the development of attachment quality.


This article presents a coalition formation method for multi-agent systems that finds a Pareto optimal solution without aggregating the preferences of the agents. This protocol is adapted to problems requiring coordination by coalition formation, where it is undesirable, or not possible, to aggregate the preferences of the agents. This method has been extended to enable dynamic restructuring of coalitions when changes occur in the system. Then it presents the behaviours of the agents teaching schedule at university using the utility function of the professors and the students. To evaluate these methods, we have implemented this application and presented the obtained results.


Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the color stability of different types of nano-hybrid resin based composite restorative materials upon exposure to aggressive staining solutions (coffee and tea) over time. The color of all specimens before and after storage in the solutions were measured by a spectrophotometer based on CIE Lab system that is recommended by the American Dental Association and the color differences thereby is calculated. Materials and Methods: The color differences of three nano-hybrid composites after immersion for 30 days in tea and coffee as aggressive beverage solutions. Results: Within the limitations of the study, Venus Diamond was found the most color stable in tea, while Ceram X was shown the most color stable in coffee. There were statistically significant differences between Filtek 350 XT in tea and coffee storage (P < 0.005), but there weren′t statistically significant in tea and coffee in both Ceram X, and in Venus Diamond (P > 0.005). Conclusion: Staining solutions are significant factors that affect color stability of composite resins.


Chitinolytic bacteria can produce chitinase, reported as a biocontrol agent against plants. This research aims to observe chitinolytic activity in inhibiting the growth of and . Anti fungal Rhizoctonia solani Fusarium oxysporum testing in dual culture test by growing each of the chitinolytic bacteria, and Lysinibacillus fusiformis Brevibacillus reuszeri, F. oxysporum R. solani, with the pathogenic fungi, and in Petri dishes containing Chitin Agar Media facing a distance of 3 cm. The results showed that chitinolytic bacterial isolates were capable inhibit the fungus by having the activity of each index inhibition of isolates (30%), (77%) against L. fusiformis B. reuszeri F. oxysporum R. solani , and fungi isolates (100%) for each chitinolytic bacterial isolate.


A large diameter precision air bearing rotary table with a 16.0 inch diameter through-hole was designed, fabricated and tested in the course of this research. The rotary table will be used in conjunction with a specialized, computer controlled precision inspection machine being designed for the Department of Energy`s (DOE) Nuclear Weapons Complex (NWC). The design process included a complete engineering analysis to predict the final performance of the rotary table, and to ensure that the rotary table meets the required accuracy of 4.0 microinches of total radial (3.5 microinches average radial) and 4.0 microinches total axial (3.5 microinches average axial) errors. The engineering analysis included structural deformation, thermal sensitivity and dynamic analyses using finite element methods in some cases, as well as other analytic solutions. Comparisons are made between predicted and tested values, which are listed in the rotary table error budget. The rotary table performed as predicted with measured axial and radial stiffnesses of 1.1E06 lbf/inch and 2.9E06 lbf/inch, respectively, as well as average radial, axial and tilt errors of 2.5 microinches, 1.5 microinches, and less than 0.05 arcseconds, respectively.


particular goal. This is an abstract ideal because it is unconstrained by the design of the crew station and the information that is actually available to the crew member. Definition of the physically realizable ideal introduces the constraint of a real crew station. It is the information and knowledge that a crew member could obtain, given the current information sources in the workplace, that is, the current suite of displays and controls. It places no constraints on the information processing capacities and limitations of the crew member. Finally, we think in terms of a practically realizable ideal, what any real individual might be able to achieve under the best of circumstances, taking into account typical human performance capacities and limitations. It sets the standard against which to evaluate how well an individual performed given the system he or she had to work with. The definition of the abstract ideal helps us to understand what might be accomplished with better design and implementat ion. Pew (1994, p. 2) What do these calls for representative experimental design imply for research to evaluate interfaces? We believe the implication is that the interface should not be dissected from the functional work domain. The dissection of interface from its natural work domain destroys the interactions from which meaning emerges within the medium. Thus, it becomes impossible to evaluate the interface in terms of structural truth or in terms of normative models of what the operator ought to know or ought to do given the constraints of a particular problem or work space. This does not mean that we must give up reductionism. The implication is that experimenters must consider the medium in terms of the interactions among task environment, action, and perception. The problem must be parsed in light of those interactions so that functional meaning is preserved in the laboratory. The laboratory environment will always be different from the actual work environment, however, the laboratory environment should be structured so that functional meanings are represented as fully as possible. A F e w R e p r e s e n t a t i v e C a s e s


Knowledge residing in the heads of employees has always been regarded as one of the most critical resources within a firm. However, many tries to facilitate knowledge transfer among employees has been unsuccessful because of the motivational and cognitive problems between the knowledge source and the recipient. Social capital, which is defined as "the sum of the actual and potential resources embedded within, available through, derived from the network of relationships possessed by an individual or social unit [Nahapiet and Ghoshal, 1998]," is suggested to resolve these motivational and cognitive problems of knowledge transfer. In Social capital theory, there are two research streams. One insists that social capital strengthens group solidarity and brings up cooperative behaviors among group members, such as voluntary help to colleagues. Therefore, social capital can motivate an expert to transfer his/her knowledge to a colleague in need without any direct reward. The other stream insists that social capital provides an access to various resources that the owner of social capital doesn't possess directly. In knowledge transfer context, an employee with social capital can access and learn much knowledge from his/her colleagues. Therefore, social capital provides benefits to both the knowledge source and the recipient in different ways. However, prior research on knowledge transfer and social capital is mostly limited to either of the research stream of social capital and covered only the knowledge source's or the knowledge recipient's perspective. Social network theory which focuses on the structural dimension of social capital provides clear explanation about the in-depth mechanisms of social capital's two different benefits. 'Strong tie' builds up identification, trust, and emotional attachment between the knowledge source and the recipient; therefore, it motivates the knowledge source to transfer his/her knowledge to the recipient. On the other hand, 'weak tie' easily expands to 'diverse' knowledge sources because it does not take much effort to manage. Therefore, the real value of 'weak tie' comes from the 'diverse network structure,' not the 'weak tie' itself. It implies that


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A SERVO-BRAKE. THE POWER BRAKE INVENTION IS CHARACTERIZED IN THAT IT INCLUDES A HOUSING 14, WHOSE INSIDE IS DIVIDED IN FIRST AND SECOND 16 18 ROOMS BY FORMING AN ELEMENT MEMBRANE 20 PISTON ENGINE 22 FIXED MEMBRANE FORMING ELEMENT, A WAY CONNECTED TO INPUT 30 PISTON ENGINE USING AN OUTPUT 34 CONNECTS THE PISTON AND DETECTION DEVICE PRESSURE INPUT 31. THE INVENTION IS APPLICATION IN BRAKING SYSTEMS OF MOTOR VEHICLES.


You will be unable to make your revisions on the originally submitted version of the manuscript. Instead, revise your manuscript using a word processing program and save it on your computer. Please also highlight the changes to your manuscript within the document by using the track changes mode in MS Word or by using bold or coloured text.Once the revised manuscript is prepared, you can upload it and submit it through your Author Centre.


The high cost of conventional construction materials is a dominating factor affecting housing system around the world. This has necessitated research work into alternative materials in the construction field. Conventional coarse aggregate namely gravel and fine aggregate is sand in concrete will be used as control. While natural material is coconut shell as course aggregate will be investigate to replace the aggregate in concrete. In this study, three different concrete mixes namely M20, M35 & M50 grade with different combination of natural material CS content in the proportion 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% will be replaced. Six sample specimen will be prepared for each concrete mixes. The parameters will be tested are compressive strength behaviour of cube specimens for 7 & 28 days. The main objective is to encourage the use of these "seemingly" waste products as construction materials in low- cost housing. It is also expected to serve the purpose of encouraging housing developers in investing these materials in house construction.


The article presents a fragment of research and development, which objective was to develop technical tools and methodology to improve exploitation processes of energy systems. The author's model includes synergy of artificial intelligence and augmented reality. This solution, which combines modern technologies in order to improve the activities related to the continuity of energy supply, and reduce costs associated with the time needed to carry out exploitation activities and employment of qualified staff, is presented. This paper presents both theoretical foundations as well as the development of technical systems. The characteristics of exploitation processes of energy systems and possible technical conditions, as well as factors characterizing them, are discussed. The physical and software structures of the system and individual modules, as well as dependencies connecting them are demonstrated. The dependencies between physical and logical elements during the exploitation processes of energy systems, that determine decisions related to the evaluation of technical states and related activities are described. The advantages and limitations of the developed model which connects methods of data processing and analysis, interactive visualization processes and possible areas of application are as well discussed in detailed.


A variety of demographic and clinical variables are acknowledged as risk factors for delirium; a syndrome thought to be mediated by abnormalities in a wide range of neurotransmitters. However, little research has been conducted in this field and the role of neuro‐immunological factors as a mechanism of medication has received very little attention.


The invention relates to a method and a system for remotely controlling massage equipment. The method comprises the following steps of: A, acquiring operating state data of the massage equipment; and B, transmitting control information to the massage equipment according to the acquired operating state data of the massage equipment. The method and the system for remotely controlling the massage equipment contribute to convenient mastering of the operating state of the massage equipment when an owner or an operator of the massage equipment is absent, and when necessary, a control instruction can be transmitted through a remote server so as to control and manage the massage equipment.


The following describes some techniques under development at the Steam Division of the Westinghouse Electric Corporation. This plant, located at Lester, Pennsylvania, manufactures large Steam Turbines, and its main facility is an exceptionally large job shop. It is the locale where many of the concepts discussed below underwent development. However, it should be made clear that this paper is not in any way intended to be a progress report on their use there. The nature of these techniques remains highly experimental, and they are described here as a matter of interest to those who are concerned with the potential of computers in management applications.


The invention relates to an optical device comprising; a) a polymer film (101) comprising a first surface (107) and a second surface (108), b) a first electrode (102) mapped on said first surface (107), c) a second electrode (103) mapped on said second surface(108), d) a deformable optical element (104) mapped on said first electrode (102) or on said first surface (107).


ABSTRACT With offshore activities at different exploration and production stages in virtually all South American countries with sea coasts, a Central American country, and some Caribbean countries,...


Since the advent of the Internet expeditioners travelling alone or in small groups to remote locations have been using email and websites to communicate with sponsors, supporters, friends and family. This brings new communication opportunities to expediti


Static relative permittivities (er) of water + ethane-1,2-diol and water + propane-1,2,3-triol mixtures were measured at the mole fraction of organic component (x2) from 0 to 0.8 at 0.2 intervals under pressures up to 300 MPa at the temperature 298.15 K. The relative permittivities at 0.1 MPa (er(P0)) against x2 for both aqueous mixtures in this work were correlated with a polynomial equation of x2 and were compared with the literature values. The relative permittivities at pressure P (er(P0)) were also correlated with the polarization (p) for both aqueous mixtures, and reasonable correlations were obtained by use of only one adjustable parameter (k12). The experimental er results as a function of P for each mixture were fitted to a Tait-type equation, and the Tait-type parameters, A and B, were determined. A comparison between composition dependence of (∂ ln er/∂P)T at 0.1 MPa and 298.15 K, (∂ ln er/∂P)T,P0, calculated from values of er(P0) and the Tait-type parameters and that of the isothermal compress...


The paper deals with industrial business engineering as an answer to the challenge of the sixth technological set up. The main idea is to integrate engineering and managerial education in one program. The experience and perspectives of joint German-Russian bachelor and Muster programs in the field of Industrial business education are analyzed. The authors debate the contradictions between "pure engineering" and "pure managerial" versions of university education giving their vision of answers to challenges of the new technological set up.


The objectives of this paper are the following: to present LLNL`s collection system and innovative approach to sanitary sewer rehabilitation; share issues identified and lessons learned from over four (4) years of rehabilitation work; and discuss proposed system standards for ongoing maintenance and repair activities.


This paper explores the limitations of language in psychotherapeutic writing about lived experience and how psychanalytic concepts can help us both understand and work through the inevitable loss that results from these limitations. It is illustrated by the author's experience of undertaking a doctoral research project in psychotherapy where the experience of narrative incoherence was explored through writing. Paralleled to the doctoral research project was the author's challenges in writing the experience of incoherence. By reflecting on and analysing these challenges, this paper explores the sense of loss that is located at the core of writing lived experience through psychoanalytic concepts including the third position and melancholia. The limitations of language in capturing the fullness of lived experienced is shed light on. Connecting the psychoanalytic concept of melancholia to Romanyshyn's (2013) writing as elegy, I propose writing lived experience as a melancholy elegy in which what is lost in language can be acknowledged and kept alive in the writer's psyche. I argue for the creative potential brought by the continuous engagement with the sense of loss in writing lived experience.

Reference:
Romanyshyn, R.D. (2013). The wounded researcher: research with soul in mind. New Orleans, Louisiana: Spring Journal Books.


Human and animal health authorities (MoH, MoA, public health, veterinary and wildlife services) are responsible for regular reporting to national and international institutions, including neighboring countries. Hence, these authorities are in charge of setting up and maintaining a database, although this task could be delegated to respective units or departments on their behalf.


The use of multilayer target with predrilled holes to inject trace elements into laser‐produced plasma is presented. The tracer plasma obtained shows a smaller source size and reduced opacity compared to a plasma target. The preparation and alignment of the proposed target are extremely simple.


The invention provides a planar semiconductor fingerprint sensing device. In the planar semiconductor fingerprint sensing device, a plurality of fingerprint sensing units are positioned on a silicon substrate, and read the fingerprint of a finger above the silicon substrate and generate a plurality of electric signals; a group of integrated circuits are formed on a substrate, and process the electric signals; a plurality of first weld pads are positioned on the substrate and are electrically connected to the group of the integrated circuits; a first insulating layer is positioned under the plurality of first weld pads; a plurality of through electrodes pass through the substrate and are electrically and respectively connected with the plurality of first weld pads; a second insulating layer is formed on the substrate and between the plurality of through electrodes and the substrate; a plurality of second weld pads are formed on a back side of the second insulating layer and are electrically connected with the plurality of first weld pads through the plurality of electrodes respectively; and a protective layer is positioned on the substrate, and covers the fingerprint sensing units and forms a flat external surface to be touched by the finger.


Due to the higher frequency fluctuation in the low-inertia trading power system, phase converter synchronization with the grid is a critical problem. A phase-locked loop (PLL) is a standard synchronous approach in grid-connected applications that shows robust performance under ideal conditions. However, a second-order generalized integrator (SOGI) filter-based synchronous reference frame PLL (SRF-PLL) is proposed to improve the steady-state stability during unbalanced and distorted grid conditions. The PLL parameters, such as the damping coefficient and natural frequency, are designed in such a way as to increase the PLL's locking time to correct high-frequency variations. The simulation is performed on the Matlab Simulink platform to verify the theoretical analysis. Finally, the whole experiment is implemented on an Industrial grade DSP to support the proposed system's effectiveness.


High purity hydrogen generation via catalytic partial dehydrogenation of kerosene Jet A-1 Melanie Taillades (1), Elia Gianotti (2), Gilles Taillades (3), Deborah Jones (4) Institut Charles Gerhardt UMR 5253, Agregats, Interfaces et Materiaux pour l'Energie, Universite Montpellier 2, Place Eugene Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier Cedex 5, France (1) email@example.com (2) email@example.com (3) email@example.com, (4) firstname.lastname@example.com. Abstract One of the objectives of the aviation industry is to provide a greener aircraft fleet environment. In this context a new generation of more electrified aircraft (MEA) is developed. This technology is partly based on the integration of a PEM fuel cell replacing the Auxiliary Power Units. To run the fuel cell, on-board hydrogen generation is an appropriate solution because it can be produced from kerosene JET- A1. In this work, the generation of hydrogen on board the aircraft is based on the concept of partial catalytic dehydrogenation of kerosene (PDh). The modified kerosene is then fed back into the fuel pool. Catalyst based on Pt-Sn supported on γ-Al2O3, were synthesised in this wor


The communication node device is capable of using the communication resources of the communication interface mounted on each of the node devices optimally are provided. The communication node device (transmitting node device 101), the process, the counter including a plurality of communication interface (the transmit interfaces (201-1, 201-2) and reception interfaces (202-1, 202-2)) and at the same time as the device to enable communication using multiple communication paths. The communication node apparatus, a set of addressable receive interface as the destination of data to be transferred to the counter apparatus through each of a plurality of transmission interfaces, a plurality of communication paths in response to the change of the transmission interface and reception interface respective communication performance means for changing to maximize the performance of the communications using the same time (reception interface set calculation unit 204) it includes a.


China accounts for half of the world's annual coal consumption. Coal is the primary energy source for heating in urban areas, particularly in northern China. This causes significant challenges for urban air quality problems in China and greenhouse gases emissions. Urban district heating (DH) systems penetration is very high in northern China. It supplies space heating to more than 80% of urban buildings in the area. Unlike the electricity and transportation sectors, the heating sector has received little attention from policy makers and researchers in China, DH systems are an enabling infrastructure which facilitates energy efficiency improvements and the use of renewable energy sources. This study explores the dynamics and possibility to expand alternative energy sources (natural gas, biomass, direct geothermal heat, ground-source heat pump, municipal waste heat, industrial waste heat) for DH in China. We apply an analytical framework largely based on the multi-level perspective in socio-technical transitions theory, in which transitions are interpreted as the result of the functioning of niche, regime and landscape elements, and interactions between them. The study provides an integrated picture of the socio-technical structure and functioning of DH in China. The results show that an energy transition in Chinese DH systems has barely started. The system is characterised by stability of the coal-based DH regime, while a number of alternative niches are struggling to emerge. Among these, natural gas is the most successful example. However, at local level different niches present opportunities in terms of physical availability, economic viability and technical capacity to address changes in landscape pressures. A sustainable heat roadmap based on integrated energy planning and policy attention at the national level could be developed as one mechanism for instigating a much needed energy transition in DH in China.


The present invention uses the light-emitting layer coated with use as triphenylamine derivatives (TPD) of the structure is introduced into the polyimide, a method of manufacturing the same, and he relates to an organic electroluminescent device using the same, the polyimide of TPD structure is introduced into the electron blocking layer and the selectivity for the solvent which is an organic electroluminescent device using the same has a long time, the luminous efficiency can be maintained.


Note: Based on Form 990 filings for organizations in Modern Healthcare's 2008 annual association salary report. State hospital associations were excluded. The list is not intended to be an all-inclusive ranking of healthcare associations. 1 Total revenue for fiscal 2006 (or fiscal 2005 where noted). 2 Excess or deficit for fiscal 2006 (or fiscal 2005 where noted). 3 Association received an extension to file its Form 990 for fiscal 2006. Figures are from the fiscal 2005 Form 990. Rank/Organization Location Web site Net income (loss) Revenue


R. Grima and T. J. Newman 1 Department of Physics and Astronomy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 2 School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85284 Abstract We present an exact mathematical transformation which converts a wide class of advectiondiffusion equations into a form allowing simple and direct spatial discretization in all dimensions, and thus the construction of accurate and more efficient numerical algorithms. These discretized forms can also be viewed as master equations which provides an alternative mesoscopic interpretation of advection-diffusion processes in terms of diffusion with spatially varying hopping rates.


The utility model discloses a pair of automatic anti-dazzling glasses. Each piece of automatic anti-dazzling glass is characterized by being formed by overlapping a photochromic layer, an ultraviolet prevention outer layer I, a substrate I, a transparent electrode layer I, a vertical alignment layer I, a dye liquid crystal layer, a vertical alignment layer II, a transparent electrode layer II, a substrate II and an ultraviolet prevention outer layer II sequentially from the front surface to the glass. Two or more interval materials are arranged in the dye liquid crystal layer. Planes of the substrate I and the substrate II are matched with and attached to patterns on the transparent electrode layer I and the transparent electrode layer II. The substrate I, the substrate II, seals and a sealing ring form a liquid crystal box, wherein the seals and the sealing ring are arranged on the periphery of the dye liquid crystal layer. Through optimize combination of phototropy and dye liquid crystal, the dimming range of the automatic anti-dazzling glasses is expanded, continuous changes of contrast ratio and brightness under the single voltage are obtained through processing on liquid crystal layers of different thicknesses, and the visual perception is greatly improved when the glasses are worn under various environments such as high light in daytime and dark light at night.


and soft tissue inflammation. Recent evidence shows that endothelial cells subjected to immunological stimuli and ischaemia-reperfusion injury stimuli produce reactive oxygen species and that allopurinol and oxypurinol may be effective in reducing radical production and concomitant cell damage.2 4 As xanthine oxidase is considered to be one of the sources of these radicals its contribution to the progress ofinflammation requires clarification. As the potential contribution of xanthine oxidase lies both in endothelial cell activation and in ischaemia-reperfusion injury we used models of inflammation in which an ischaemiareperfusion injury component had not previously been invoked (carrageenan induced air pouch inflammation and foot pad inflammation in the rat) and, in addition, a model of chronic persistent synovitis (adjuvant arthritis) in which the joint movement may lead to ischaemia-reperfusion injury as suggested by Blake et al.' Allopurinol (18 mg/kg daily for five days before killing) in drinking water had no effect on acute inflammation induced by the subplantar injection of carrageenan in the rat paw. Similarly, allopurinol injected directly into rat air pouches (10-250 mg/kg daily for three days before slaughter) had no effect on the acute (24 hour) or chronic (seven day) phases of carrageenan induced inflammation in this model as measured by total white cell count. Possibly, the use of a low molecular weight inhibitor such as allopurinol, with relatively fast renal clearance, resulted in incomplete inhibition of the enzyme for at least part of the duration of the experiment. We therefore used a more direct method to test the role of xanthine oxidase in inflammation by preventing the synthesis of active enzyme. Tungsten mediated inhibition of molybdenum uptake produces a profound reduction in the activity of the enzyme xanthine oxidase, one of only three molybdenum dependent enzymes found in rats.6 7 We found that rats fed a diet low in molybdenum and supplemented with tungsten showed no change in the progress of carrageenan induced paw oedema when compared with rats fed a matched diet without tungsten supplementation and with defined molybdenum content. Similarly, there was no change in the progress or extent of Mycobacterium butyricum induced adjuvant arthritis (disease assessed by a joint scoring system and total body weight variation). In conclusion, it seems unlikely that xanthine oxidase system plays a significant part in these models of inflammation. We have previously proposed that the arthritic component of adjuvant disease may be exacerbated by episodes of ischaemiareperfusion injury and that this may be a feature of chronic synovitis in humans. Although these experiments do not support that hypothesis, they do not exclude other ischaemia-reperfusion mediated sources of injury or the effectiveness of trace amounts of residual xanthine oxidase. The immunological component of adjuvant disease is so powerful a drive in the progress of the arthritis that this is probably not the most sensitive of models for testing the contribution of a non-immunological variable. Ischaemia-reperfusion injury has not been proposed as a contributory factor in the other models of inflammation we used, but the involvement of endothelial cells in acute inflammation is well known and the aim of these experiments was to assess the contribution of xanthine oxidase in the endothelial cell response. Allopurinol is apparently ineffective in these models either because xanthine oxidase inhibition is unimportant or because a greater degree of inhibition is required.


This work reviews and analyses potentially relevant technologies to ensure that the gaps and stakeholder needs for sea ice products are covered. Each variable related to sea ice that presenting gaps using the European EO infrastructure on the horizon (2020–2030) is revised according the stakeholder requirements, together with the feasibility of deploying available technologies on small satellites. A survey of instruments oriented towards sea ice observations in the past and current is presented. Based on this survey technological capabilities in terms of the spatial resolution, swath, mass, power, and data rate are obtained. In order to identify the technologies, numerical scores are assigned based on instrument capabilities. This works concludes with a set of the technologies compatible with small platforms, with the objective to complement the sea ice data products of Copernicus Services.


By taking the main arm of a hydraulic demolition robot as the research object, dynamics equations of a hydraulic system are combined with those of a mechanical arm into a set of nonlinear time-varying state equations. Then a hydraulic-mechanical joint model of the main arm is established. The model can reflect the influence of time-varying parameters (e.g. the quality and dynamics equations' coefficients) on the dynamic performance of the system real-timely. Compared simulation results with experiments, the system model is proved to be accurate and reasonable. Simultaneously, using PID control can improve the system's dynamic properties and meet the demolition robot control performance's steadiness and rapidness.


This paper presents partial results of a survey on the profile of Geographical Indication Lace Embroidery Associations in northeastern Brazil and Portugal. Geographical Indications value and protect traditional products linked to a particular locality, while making positive contributions to the local economy. Handicraft production associations in Brazil, which have obtained the geographical indication seal, add many artisans who derive their families' livelihoods almost exclusively by selling the products. In Portugal the process is different and the certification is individual for the artisan and the pieces. This study aimed to characterize the profile of the members of the Renda Irlandesa, Renda Renascença e Bordado Filpe associations in northeastern Brazil with Geographical Indication seal and the lace of Tibaldinho, Bilro and Lenço dos Namorados in Portugal. The work started with bibliographic research that preceded the field research and Doctoral Sandwich in Portugal. In the bibliographic research were used articles, theses, dissertations available in the online bases of CAPES periods. The Sandwich Doctorate was conducted between November 2018 and March 2019 and the field research in Brazil was conducted from May to June 2019, and data were collected through a semi-structured questionnaire.


Pursuing social change agendas sometimes calls for implementing unorthodox strategies.  Cross-disciplinary collaboration can spur the kind of creative and out-of-the-box thinking that is often necessary for real, second-order change agendas. Another notable example of this kind of out-of-the-box thinking can be seen in the way that Hoffer, Bobashev, and Morris (2009) creatively paired agent-based modeling (ABM) with ethnographic findings to better understand local illicit drug market in Denver, Colorado. On an analytical level, intertwining ethnography and ABM allowed the researchers to understand the drug market on a larger scope than was previously possible. This strategy is an exemplary example of the first principle for social change in that it highlighted the underlying systematic patterns that sustained the heroine market in that city. That cross-disciplinary collaboration led to a more complete understanding of second-order change possibilities than either ethnography or ABM alone could have provided.


This paper considers the efficacy of utilizing Expressive Arts Therapies as a primary intervention in addressing the psychosocial needs of patients in cancer treatment and recovery. Significant evidence shows that a cancer diagnosis, current treatment protocols and the recovery process incur wide-ranging symptoms of depression, anxiety and post-traumatic stress disorder. At the same time, research is also beginning to demonstrate a remarkable potential for cancer patients to develop post-traumatic growth, if given the opportunity to integrate their experience. Particularly in the post treatment phase, cancer patients report feelings of hopelessness and emotional despair, but are able to process and account for their experiences when using Expressive Arts Therapies. Expressive arts based interventions enables patients to verbally and nonverbally determine where and how physical and emotional trauma has occurred and move forward toward wellness, recovery, and post-traumatic growth. Expressive Arts Therapies that address mental health in addition to physical wellness are defined and explored, with a distinct focus on mindfulness practices as a key element in fostering awareness, strengths and coping strategies. This paper provides discussion of how Expressive Arts Therapies can be used in hospitals or in a post treatment capacity as an integral part of their treatment and recovery plan.


Abstract : The Eulerian hydrodynamic code HELP is being used at MRL to model the behavior of warheads. One of the most frequent problems experienced with the code is a breakdown of the pressure iteration in mixed cells where two materials have very disparate densities and/or masses: this occurs often when explosive-metal interactions are modelled. This report describes an addition to the code which allows the removal of gases or other materials once their effects become insignificant. (Author)


Research report submitted in accordance with the degree Masters in Management University of the Witwatersrand Public and Development Management
, July 2016


Almost all materials are anisotropic. In this paper, interface relations of anisotropic elliptic partial differential equations involving discontinuities across interfaces are derived in two and three dimensions. Compared with isotropic cases, the invariance of partial differential equations and the jump conditions under orthogonal coordinates transformation is not valid anymore. A systematic approach to derive the interface relations is established in this paper for anisotropic elliptic interface problems, which can be important for deriving high order accurate numerical methods.


the direct and indirect mechanisms that may to the immune system as a target organ for xenobiotics. immune and a select few to illustrate prototype agents exhibiting different mechanisms of immunosuppression. A more comprehensive review of the immunotoxicity of various xenobiotics can be obtained from several excellent reviews and depression of neutrophil functions . In vitro studies demonstrated that the treatment of macrophages with lead induces the disregulation of the production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1α (IL-1α) and IL-6, and promote the synthesis of Th1 cytokines [interferon (IFN)-γ and IL-2] . CD4+ Th cell function is mostly sensitive to the immunotoxic of


A numerical simulation of a pulsed plasma thruster was made using the MACH2 computer code. The code contains a radiation driven ablation model that uses two empirical parameters whose values were selected based on mass flow and energy loss data reported for a particular pulsed plasma thruster. When the simulation, using these parameters, is used to predict other experimentally measured quantities the results are, for the most part, good. The prediction of the impulse bit was within one per cent of the data. The predictions for plume temperature and velocity agree well with the experiment. Of all the properties that were compared, electron number density was the most poorly predicted. This is primarily a result of using an equilibrium assumption in the simulation that fails to account for the delay in electron recombination in the plume.


Tectonics is the summary of geologic cognition in earth sciences. It therefore has very important significance on basic geologic theories and on the guiding function for searching mineral resources. Geophysics has contributed vast amounts of information in tectonic research with which Chinese earth scientists have gained in‐depth understanding of the distribution of sedimentary basins.


A REVIEW IS PRESENTED OF THE METHODS UTILIZED BY THE CENTRAL MAINTENANCE ENGINEERING DIVISION OF THE PORT OF NEW YORK AUTHORITY TO REHABILITATE CONCRETE BRIDGE DECKS, IMPROVE RIDING SURFACES AND PROVIDE MAXIMUM PROTECTION AGAINST EFFECTS OF DEICING CHEMICALS AND THE ELEMENTS. /AUTHOR/


The following non-invasive methods of studying the cardiovascular system activity are considered in this article: Holter's daily electrocardiogram monitoring (HM ECG), evaluation of heart rate turbulence (HRT) characteristics, transesophageal electrophysiological study (TEEPS), load testing (treadmill test and bicycle ergometry). These tests allow for revealing clinically latent, including life-threatening heart rate and conduction disorders in geriatric patients and serve as the basis of modern approach to managing this category of patients.


Here X is a vector of variables, all lying in the set S. The cost vector is denoted c. A is a matrix, b a vector, and together they form the constraints on the variables. When S is the set of real numbers, the mathematical model is said to be a linear program (LP). If S is a binary set or the set of integers, the problem is an integer program (IP). If some variables in X belong to the set of real numbers and others to the set of binaries or integers, the model is said to be a mixed integer program (MIP). Let X ∈ R : x ≥ 0, x ∈ X in the above formulation and denote this the primal problem. The dual model is found by transposing the primal problem:


Summary A theoretical model is developed for the investigations and numerical calculations of primary radiation-induced point defect production in graphite collimator material for LHC due to formation of secondary fast particles in different nuclear reaction channels during irradiation of this material with the 450 GeV protons. On the basis of calculated elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections of neutrons on carbon atoms from the database ENDF-VII (neutron energies up to 150 MeV) and the data obtained using FLUKA, (neutron energy over 150 MeV) the numerical calculations of generation rates for primary point radiation defects are made due to formation of secondary fast neutrons. It is shown that the greatest generation rate of point radiation defects in graphite materials is determined by secondary pions with the generation rate of point defect formation an order of magnitude higher than the production rates of point defects due to secondary fast neutrons and other fast secondary particles. So the generation rate of primary point radiation defects in the interaction of pions and electrons with graphite collimator materials of LHC are comparable in order of magnitude (0.004 dpa/s per bunch) for each type of secondary particles. The contribution of secondary electrons and pions in the generation rate of primary point radiation defect formation is higher comparing with the contribution of secondary neutrons and protons and this value is varied from 5 to 10 times on average. Corresponding values in the generation rate of formation of primary point radiation defects for secondary neutrons and protons are not exceeding the value of 0.001 dpa/s per bunch for 450 GeV proton beam.


INTRODUCTION: Accurate restoration of the geometry of the native hip joint is a critical factor in the success of total hip arthroplasty (THA), contributing to higher abductor strength and increased range of motion (1). Unfortunately, measurements from standard preoperative radiographs of the pelvis are influenced by rotation of the femur leading to potentially unreliable pre-operative planning (2, 3). Previous work has assessed the effect of Internal/External (IE) rotation of the hip on the projected femoral offset; however, radiographs with excessive fixed flexion (FF) were excluded from the study (2). In addition, the relationships between femoral orientation and pre-operative templating measurements, such as the distance from superior tip of greater trochanter to femoral head centre (FHC) relative to a line perpendicular to the long axis of the femur, are poorly understood and femoral rotation is unaccounted for in many radiographic studies (4, 5). This work aims to assess the combined effects of IE and FF rotation on measurements common to preoperative planning, namely, femoral offset (FO) and distance from greater trochanter to femoral head centre (GT-FHC).


Starting from the pioneering works of Shannon and Weiner in 1948, a plethora of works have been reported on entropy in different directions. Entropy‐related review work in the direction of statistical inference, to the best of our knowledge, has not been reported so far. Here, we have tried to collect all possible works in this direction during the last seven decades so that people interested in entropy, specially the new researchers, get benefited.


Background: Patient with Diabetes ulcer / gangrene require a long period of treatment so that various nursing problems can arise including physical, psychological, social and spiritual problems related to the patient's response to the illness. Research conducted by Sofiana, et al (2012) of hospitalized patients with diabetic ulcers at Arifin Ahmad Hospital in Pekan Baru shows the results that more than 50% of patients experience psychosocial problems including low self-esteem, negative body image, negative self-concept, self-ideal irrelevant and high stress levels. Referring to the philosophy of nursing where nursing believes that humans and humanity are the central point of every health care effort and that human is a whole and unique creature of God Almighty that consist of bio-psycho-socio-spiritual and cultural aspects. Therefore, to be able to carry out their lives, human needs must be met in a balanced way that includes bio-psycho-sociospiritual and cultural. Objective:The purpose of this study was to identify comprehensive nursing problems in nursing assessment by the Gordon Functional Health Pattern Model in Diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients. Methods: This is a quantitative descriptive research with survey for the design. 20 Diabetic patient with ulkus or gangrene recruited as the sample though total sampling technique. Results:Based on research conducted on 20 diabetic ulcer / gangrene patients in the medical nursing ward of Budi Asih Regional Hospital found that nursing problems in each of Gordon's functional health patterns can be identified. Conclusion: .Nursing assessment with Gordon's pattern is able to identify the patient's nursing problems comprehensively in the biopsychososiospiritual aspects.


We present a nonlinear analysis of a new inductively tuned astable multivibrator obtained by connecting a timing inductor across a composite nonlinear resistor with a characteristic of N‐type, which is made up of the parallel connection of two complementary pairs of cross‐coupled MOS devices. Some possible practical applications of the circuit are also envisaged. Closed‐form expressions for the amplitude and the period of the periodic oscillation are derived in both cases when the circuit exhibits a relaxation oscillation and in the more difficult case when, due to the effect of parasitic capacitances of the devices, the circuit has an almost‐discontinuous relaxation oscillation with a nonzero switching time. The accuracy of the presented formulas, which are useful for both the analysis and design, is validated through circuit simulations and experimental results. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


An extensive survey of the Bee Colony Optimization (BCO) algorithm, proposed for the first time in 2001 by Lučić and Teodorović, will be presented. BCO and its numerous variants belong to a class of natureinspired meta–heuristic methods, based on the foraging habits of honeybees. It is a simple, easily understandable and implementable technique that has been successfully applied to many optimization problems. A detailed description of the BCO algorithm and its modifications, including the strategies for BCO parallelization and hybridization will be provided. The preliminary results regarding its convergence will also be discussed. In the second part of the talk, the successful applications of BCO to various hard combinatorial optimization problems, mostly in transportation, location and scheduling fields will be summarized, together with some recent applications in the continuous optimization field. This paper is an extension of two survey papers, co-authored by Professor Dušan Teodorović and Dr. Milica Šelmić, recently published in Yugolsav Journal of Operations Research (YUJOR).


Signed in November 1986 the Ottawa Charter the first international charter for health promotion identified the following action areas: building health public policy creating supportive environments strengthening community action developing personal skills and reorienting health services. The charter has since significantly influenced policies and programs worldwide and is a major component of the World Health Organizations (WHO) renewed strategy of health for all. It has been a central guide for those looking to implement strategies which focus upon health creation and supportive environments for health. The Settings for Health approach builds upon the premise that there is a health development potential in almost every organization or community which needs to be fostered through a series of defined strategies and applied across a range of settings. Settings for Health projects have the following elements in common: a policy or strategy perspective; actions at the political and technical levels; focus upon organizational development and institutional change; building alliances and collaboration between sectors disciplines and political or executive decision makers; and community involvement and empowerment. Such projects are being implemented all over the world some linked officially to WHO networks and others working independently.


Globalization is analyzed as a scientific category, and also as ideological discourse. The first perspective is based on the recognition of the fact that the present state of capitalism has not essentially changed vis-a-vis the past as regards the asymmetrical frame of reference of international and national power (imperialism), within which trade and investment flows, technology transfers and productive schemes take place. This type of economic internationalization is marked by inequity, conflict, domination, appropriation of the surplus and contradictions between states, classes, ethnic groups, gender and markets. The article illustrates some of its effects in the agricultural sector, which have drawn Mexican agriculture into one of its most severe crises since 1910, creating forms of social conflict that are becoming militarized. The perspective of the sociology of knowledge is mentioned in order to separate the historical-scientific from the purely ideological approach.


Brandin Lea (Flickerstick), Peter Black (The Orbans), Tim Halperin (American Idol) Mr. Wilkerson (Josh's dad), Jordan Critz (Tim Halperin's band, Jason Castro's band and his own band plus GRO) and other friends join the stage durning the Ft. Worth Music...


A linear-to-linear cross-polarization converter (CPC) based on metasurface (MS) is proposed. The converter is polarization insensitive and has two wide bands. The MS is composed of periodical unit cells printed on a substrate. The top and bottom MS unit cells are formed with four groups of right-angle triangle pairs whose vertices are connected. Thus, there are eight pairs of triangles on the top and bottom surfaces of the substrate, and these pairs of triangles are arranged alternately in overlapping and orthogonal ways. The polarization conversion ratio (PCR) of the CPC is higher than 95% in the bands of 9.4 to 13.1GHz and 13.4 to 17.2GHz. Additionally, the PCR remains the same when the electromagnetic (EM) wave is incident at arbitrary azimuth. Furthermore, the polarization rotation angle and elliptic angle are calculated to verify the conversion effect. Finally, the conversion mechanism of the proposed converter is explored by analyzing the surface current distribution and magnetic field. The proposed converter can be applied to the field of satellite communication in Ku-band.


Haemophilic arthropathy is joint damage evolving from recurrent joint bleeds that occur in patients suffering from the clotting disorder haemophilia. Insight into the pathogenetic mechanism of this blood‐induced arthropathy yields possible treatment targets and modalities useful to reduce this invalidating co‐morbidity of haemophilia. Joint bleeding leads to initially independent adverse changes in both the synovial tissue and the articular cartilage. These subsequently influence each other: the synovial inflammatory changes enhancing cartilage damage and vice versa. Consequently, effective treatment strategies will have to affect both pathways.


The problem of compressing small messages has become very important in today's world as there is a shift towards a global mobile environment. The mobile world is characterized by lot of critical resources one of them being bandwidth. Saving in bandwidth directly counts as saving in cost. Compression of on-the-fly data is by far the most commonly used method to reduce the amount of data being sent. In this paper we propose a novel encoding scheme for small text messages. We have developed this encoding scheme using English as a reference language. We have compared our algorithm to current compression methods which are superior when performed on large texts but do not work well for small messages. We found that our algorithm compresses data by at least 20% better than other methods.


on the influence of music on brainwaves. Unlike classical music, rock music, jazz, and other types of music previously used to research brainwaves, used a special music that was composed of continuous natural sounds, which contained periodic sounds of several specific frequencies. In addition, this music subjects sleepy. We used electroencephalography (EEG) to analyze the phase synchronization of brainwaves recorded by brainwave sensors. The results revealed that the phase synchronization index (PSI) of the right-brain gamma band when listening to the experimental music was higher than that when no music was listened to, which meant that the experimental music did have an effect on the right brain. This finding provides a novel entry point for studying the impact of music on brainwaves in the future, and right-brain activation may become a key application of brainwave sensors.


Stem cuttings of Redwood 65 flax plants (Linum usitatissimum L.) of various lengths and from different locations on the plants were rooted under four environments. The resulting plants were evaluat...


From the aerial part of Bupleurum kunmingense Y. Li et S. L. Pan, three new saikosaponin derivatives named BK1, BK2 and BK3 were isolated and their structures determined as 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4))-β-glucopyranoside of 16-epi-saikogenin C, 3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4))-β-glucopyranoside of 30-hydroxy-16-epi-saikogenin C, and 28-O-β-glucopyranosyl-3-O-β-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-(α-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4))-β-glucopyranoside of 16-epi-saikogenin C, respectively.


Print and broadcast direct-to-consumer (DTC) prescription drug ads are permitted in the United States and New Zealand but banned elsewhere. Since restrictions on DTC ads were eased in the U.S. in 1997, these ads have appeared in exponentially rising numbers and use increasingly sophisticated marketing tactics. This qualitative study of DTC ad response and older women is based on in-depth interviews with 25 older women (ages 65–90) in suburban Pennsylvania and Delaware. Women were selected for this study for their tendency to act as health information seekers for themselves and their families. This study used symbolic interactionism and grounded theory as theoretical frameworks to explore how the women responded to a selection of 12 DTC ads found in magazines targeted to older consumers. Qualitative interviews were coded and analyzed. The final analysis indicated four "health media filters" that participants used to understand symbolic texts and pictures in the ads. These findings suggest that further study may be useful to understand more about how media literacy contributes to health literacy, and exposure to health-related media affects communication between patients and healthcare providers.


The structure of the title compound, 2,4-bis(1-methyl-1-phenylethyl)phenol, C24H26O, was found to have a torsion angle of 129.95 (13)° for the C—C bond that connects the benzyl carbon to the phenol ring ortho to the OH group. A value of ∼50° was expected from molecular mechanics calculations. Intermolecular interactions, in particular O—H⋯O and edge–face π bonding, may contribute to this discrepancy. Intramolecular O—H⋯π bonding is also observed.


The Pennsylvanian (Virgilian) Holder Formation, New Mexico, consists of shales and sandstones interbedded with paleosol-capped limestones. Approximately 10 of these cycles were described in 13 stratigraphic sections. Analyses of paleosols on limestone surfaces and sedimentary structures in overlying sandstones indicate an upward transition from nonmarine to marine conditions. Diagenesis of sandstones was compared to diagenesis of previously studied limestones using transmitted-light, cathodoluminescence, and back-scattered electron microscopy, energy dispersive analysis, and electron microproble analysis for Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, and Sr. Results suggest that sandstones underwent three temporally distinct stages of diagenesis.