Under the impacts of rapid urbanization,flood risk of small and medium-sized river basins in eastern China continues to increase,which greatly threatens the life and property of people and influences the sustainable development of economy.Thus,taking Yongcaopu area as a typical case,this paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization on flood risk from the aspects of time and space based on the GIS and Analytic Hierarchy Process.Results show that,from the aspect of space,the most rapidly developed areas,such as Ningbo city,Xiaoshan district of Hangzhou,have the biggest flood risk;from the aspect of time,the flood risk during the years of 2001 2006 increased more quickly than that during the years of 1991-2001.Therefore,in the rapid developing river basin areas,economic development should be made compatible with the environment.Moreover,in the process of urbanization,water conservancy facilities should be strengthened to improve cities ' capacity of flood control and flood discharge.


We have systematically investigated the optical properties of the InP1-xBix ternary alloys with 0<x<2.46%, using high resolution polarized Raman scattering measurement. Both InP-like and InBi-like optical vibration modes (LO) were identified in all the samples, suggesting most of the Bi-atoms are incorporated into the lattice sites to substitute P-atoms. And the intensity of the InBi-like Raman modes increase exponentially as Bi-content increasing. Linearly red-shift of the InP-like longitudinal optical vibration modes was observed to be 1.1 cm-1 of percent Bi, while that of the InP-like optical vibration overtones (2LO) were nearly doubled. In addition, through comparing the difference between the Z(X,X)Z and Z(X,Y)Z Raman spectra, Longitudinal Optical Plasmon Coupled (LOPC) modes are identified in all the samples, and their intensities are found to be proportional to the electron concentrations.


Residual stress is the major cause for the failure of any component after manufacturing before put into original operation. Powder metallurgy (PM) is the most suitable technique certainly for mass production and up-scaling of the FGM's. Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are advanced materials and their main characteristic is microstructure and composition variation over the volume of the specimen. In graded metal/ceramic components incompatible properties like strength, toughness and machinability of metal are coupled with heat, wear and corrosion resistance of ceramic in a single part. This advantage makes FGM's very applicable in various applications. Now a day's these types of materials have useful applications in variety of fields such as aircraft and aerospace industry, drilling and cutting, biomedical materials and engine components etc. Sintering is the main technique to manufacture these types of materials. During the sintering process, cooling of the specimen from sintering temperature to room temperature results in generation of thermal residual stresses within the material. These thermal stresses may cause crack propagation and failure of the material. Distribution analysis of these thermally induced stresses in the cylindrical metal-ceramic (Al2O3/SiC/TiC) Functionally Graded Material has been carried out in this thesis work. Finite element package ANSYS (Work-Bench 15.0) has been used in order to simulate the distribution of the thermal residual stresses in the materials. Influence of number of layers (4, 6 and 10 layers) and dimensional changes (24×24) has been investigated.


We consider a random partition of the vertex set of an arbitrary graph that can be efficiently sampled using loop-erased random walks stopped at a random independent exponential time of parameter $q>0$. The related random blocks tend to cluster nodes visited by the random walk---with generator minus the graph Laplacian---on time scale $1/q$, with $q$ being the tuning parameter. We explore the emerging macroscopic structure by analyzing 2-point correlations. To this aim, it is defined an interaction potential between pair of vertices, as the probability that they do not belong to the same block of the random partition.This interaction potential can be seen as an affinity measure for ``densely connected nodes'' and capture well-separated regions in network models presenting non-homogeneous landscapes. In this spirit, we compute the potential and its scaling limits on a complete graph and on a non-homogeneous weighted version with community structures. For the latter we show a phase-transition for detectability as a function of the tuning parameter and the edge weights.


We report a case of bilateral popliteal entrapment syndrome due to a varia tion of Type III anomaly. Review of the literature revealed that this condition is not well known. The clinical picture and mechanism are presented, and di agnostic modalities and surgical ap proaches are discussed.


The 1990s witnessed a major era of structural reform in Korean local government. Consolidation programmes resulted in a substantial decrease in the number of local authorities in Korea. The chief rationale underlying local government mergers lay apparently in the belief that larger municipalities would exhibit greater economic efficiencies. Despite its widespread acceptance amongst policy elites and academics, this argument did not derive from a solid empirical base. With this background in mind, this paper seeks to estimate the financial savings arising from consolidation of neighbouring local authorities in Korea, with particular reference to Jeju province which is now in process of restructuring process based on the referendum which took place in July 2005. In doing so, 9 local public services were chosen for empirical analysis. The research findings show that around 263 billion won(Korean currency; 200million US dollar)can be saved a year following their consolidation into one unitary authority, which accounts for approximately 10 percent of the total budget of the four local authorities concerned.


A nonlithographic technique that utilizes highly ordered anodized aluminum oxide porous membrane as template is presented as a general fabrication means for the formation of an array of vastly different two-dimensional lateral superlattices structures. Hexagonal close-packed nanopore arrays were fabricated on Si, GaAs, and GaN substrates via reactive ion etching. Quantum dot arrays of various metals and semiconductors were formed through evaporation and subsequent etching. The two-dimensional lateral superlattice structures fabricated using this method are of a high level of ordering, uniformity, and packing density. The diameter and periodicity of the nanostructures are determined by the features of the original alumina membrane, which can be adjusted by varying the anodization conditions.


A lubricating action is an interfacial action which causes a diminution of friction between two surfaces moving with respect to each other. This interfacial action consists in the formation of a film between the two surfaces. If high pressures are exerted, as in the case of boundary lubrication, this film must have a great stability to prevent a direct metallic contact. I t is the purpose of this paper to deal with investigations on the structure of surface films in the case of boundary lubrication. Effect of stabilizing agents especially will be treated. Furthermore, a survey will be given on papers concerning the structure of polished metal surfaces. I n view of the fact that we are chiefly interested in the structure of the boundary between metal and lubricant and that this boundary layer is very thin, one might think that X rays would not be suited to give any information about the structure of these layers because they penetrate the material too much. Nevertheless, successful investigations have been carried out by means of X rays. I t is not possible to decrease the penetrability of X rays by use of very soft X rays, because the Uragg law, n X = 2d sinb, limits the wave lengths which can be used to obtain diffraction effects. The experimental conditions, therefore, must be chosen so that a long beam path occurs in the diffracting medium. This can be done by adjusting the angle of incidence (FIGURE 1) so that it is very small or close to 28.' In the latter case, the reflected beam leaves the irradiated surface at a small angle and, therefore, the film thickne;s contributing to the diffraction is small. The former procedure was used by J. J. Trillat? in order to obtain X-ray diagrams of a curved mercury surface which was covered with polar long-chain organic compounds. FIGURE 2 shows his equipment. After passing the slit-system A, a beam of parallel X rays grazes the curved surface of mercury, which is placed in a container C. A thin layer of a fatty acid is placed on top of the mercury surface. After heating the mercury for a short time and cooling to room temperature, the X-ray diagram is taken. The advantage of this method is that planes parallel to the surface are hit a t different angles by the X rays because of the curvature of the mercury surface. The angle of incidence varying for different parts of the surface, different orders of reflections from planes parallel to the surface can be observed therefore, provided that the lattice constant is large enough t o make the reflecting angle small. A diagram of noiiylic acid taken in this manner is shown in FIGURE 3. The horizontal stripes which only show a slight curvature indicate that reflecting layers of molecules are formed which are parallel to the mercury surface. The further evaluation of this diagram shows that the parallel layers are due to the mercury soap of nonylic acid


This work is focused on a theoretical stability analysis of the film blowing process. The variational principle based film blowing model employing non-isothermal processing conditions, non-Newtonian polymer behavior and physically limiting criteria (maximum tensile and/or hoop stress) is applied to investigate the long chain branching effect on film blowing process stability. Key-Words: Mathematical modeling, Variational principle, Stability analysis, Non-isothermal film blowing, Non-Newtonian fluids, Long chain branching, Films.


The scope of this article is to clarify the current legal and political situation related to electronic surveillance on the one hand, and to export regulations for encryption software on the other hand. We will look at different international agreements, such as the UKUSA agreement and the Wassenaar arrangement, and elaborate on current encryption techniques falling under these regulations. This discussion is then followed by introducing the basic concepts of steganography and digital watermarking which could be used for secret communication. As a consequence, we propose an original way to legally bypass the international export regulations using these technologies. To this end a new watermarking technique is proposed, which is robust to JPEG2000 compression and provides a good channel capacity. The efficiency of the proposed technique is analyzed by means of simulations to allow for secure communications.


Delinquent children belong to that category of exceptional children who show considerable digression in terms of their social adjustment and are consequently labelled as socially deviant. To find the difference in social maturity; a sample of 100 adolescents was drawn from Juvenile Observation Homes of Ludhiana and Faridkot for Delinquents (N=50) and from Government Senior Secondary School Amritsar for non-delinquents (N=50) for the present study. Again to find the difference in age two groups of delinquents (12-14 years) and late years (17-19 years) were formed. Rao's social maturity scale was used to find out the social maturity of the respondents. A significant difference was found between delinquent and non-delinquent adolescents on all the three dimensions viz. Personal Adequacy (except the ability to take stress), Interpersonal Adequacy and social Adequacy of social maturity. Again a significant difference was found between two age groups of delinquents; the age group of 17 to 19 years (N=27) were found with more social maturity than the 11 to 14 years (N=23); on all the three dimensions viz. Personal Adequacy (except Ability to Take Stress), Interpersonal Adequacy (except Enlightened Trust) and Social Adequacy. Adolescence is a period where the individual has not yet attained sufficient maturity both physically and mentally, to understand the nature and consequences of his or her own activities. The term juvenile delinquency is composed of the words juvenile and delinquency. Juvenile means being childish or immature; Delinquency means antisocial activities; and Juvenile Delinquency refers to those behaviours of children and adolescents which are not approved by the law of the country and for which there is a provision of punishment for public interest. It also covers antagonistic and disobedient behaviours of adolescents and their malignant attitude towards society. It refers to the involvement of the adolescent, usually under the age of eighteen; who violate social norms and values which are threat for the maintenance of peace in the society; indulge in an unlawful behaviour by committing an act which would be considered as a crime. An age specific offender, referred to as the adolescence-limited offender, for whom juvenile offending or delinquency begins and ends during their period of adolescence (Mottif, 2006). Delinquent children belong to that category of exceptional children who show considerable digression in terms of their social adjustment and are consequently labelled as socially deviant. The social group expects an individual to be socially matured when he becomes an adolescent by establishing more mature relationship with age mates to achieve socially responsible behaviour, develop intellectual skills and concepts necessary for civil competence and achieves a more autonomous state. The New York Times (December 19, 2011) revealed that an increase in arrests for youth and have concluded that this may reflect more aggressive criminal justice and zero-tolerance policies rather than changes in youth behaviour (Erica, 2011). The social maturation allows detailed perception of social environment that help adolescent to influence the social circumstances and develop social patterns of social behaviour. Maturation has recently been revived as a relevant, and complex, integrated theoretical concept with empirical support, particularly among offender populations. Maturational growth not only involves distinct domains influencing each other, as individuals' age, but is also impacted by positive familial bonds among www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 6 June 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2106702 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org f885 individuals with significant offense histories, in both adolescence and early adulthood (Abeling-Judge, 2020). Moffitt's theory of 'adolescence-limited offending', suggests that most antisocial behaviour in adolescence is the product of transient immaturity (Moffitt, 1993, 2003, 2006; Moffitt et al., 2002). The socially immature adolescent creates problems with his family, peer group and society. Social Maturity is a personal commitment every individual must make as the attitude that will influence one's daily life and is used to measure how well a person fits into the actions and expectations of the society. A person is said to be socially mature if he is skilled, self-directed and has ability to take stress, communicate, cooperate, tolerate and open for change. Socially mature individual has the capability to make adjustments with himself and with his environments and circumstances (Singh & Singh; 2015). The social maturity has various aspects of social abilities as self-sufficiency, occupational activities, communication, self-direction and social participation. Raj (1996) defines social maturity as the level of social skills and awareness that an individual has achieved relative to particular norms related to an age group. It is a measure of the development competence of an individual with regard to interpersonal relations, behaviour appropriateness, social problem solving and judgment. Social responsibility, also a sub-trait of social maturity, is defined by Wentzel (1991) as 'adherence to social rules and role expectations, and instrumental in the acquisition of appropriate social behaviour'. Thus, Social maturity is acquiring the social skills that enable the child to deal with people tactfully and with mutual understanding'. It is defined as 'the possession of appropriate attitude for personal and interpersonal relationships which are essential for effective functioning in the society'. Attaining social maturity enables an individual to relate to family members, friends, neighbours and acquaintances in an appropriate and socially desirable manner. It also involves understanding how to honour and respect the people in authority. Psychological and social factors are responsible for making an adolescent more mature. Psychosocial maturity is a predictor of anti-social behaviours. More psychosocially mature a person is the less likely to engage in anti-social and risky decisions (Caufman & Steinberg; 2000). Piquero (2007) considers adolescence as a critical period because antisocial behaviours peak during this stage; however, antisocial behaviour eventually decline as adulthood begins to approach. The normal trajectory of antisocial behaviours is that the behaviour ceases as the adolescent begin to enter adulthood. These patterns have been empirically supported (Blonigen, 2010). The decline in antisocial and criminal behaviours towards the start of adulthood can be explained by various factors such as social roles, fatigue, and psychosocial maturity (Caufman & Steinberg, 2000; Laub & Sampson, 2001). Psychosocial maturity provides an explanation as to why delinquent behaviours during adolescence are at their peak (Cruise et al., 2008). The latter part of the adolescence period is critical as during this time an adolescent develops the psychosocial maturity needed to make the appropriate life decisions. There is an indication that psychosocial maturity completes its development towards the latter part of the adolescence (Caufman & Steinberg, 2000). Another explanation for the trajectory of anti-social behaviours from adolescence until early adulthood is changes in disinhibiting and negative emotionality, specifically the decreases in these qualities over time (Blonigen, 2010). When delinquency is plotted against age, for both prevalence and incidence of offending appear highest during adolescence; they peak sharply at about age 17 and drop precipitously in young adulthood (Blumstein & Cohen, 1987; Farrington, 1986). With slight variations, this general relationship between age and crime is obtained among males and females, for most types of crimes, during recent historical periods and in numerous Western nations (Hirschi & Gottfredson, 1983). Actual rates of illegal behaviour so far so high during adolescence that participation in delinquency appears to be a normal part of teen life (Elliott, Ageton, Huizinga, Knowles, & Canter; 1983). Anti-social behaviour that emerges in toddlerhood and is persistent thereafter, the majority of boys who become anti-social first do so during adolescence (Elliott, Knowles, & Canter, 1981). This tidal wave of adolescent onset has been studied in afore mentioned representative sample of New Zealand boys (Moffitt, 1991). Between ages 11 and 15, about one third of the sample joined the delinquent lifestyles of the 5% of boys who had shown stable and www.ijcrt.org © 2021 IJCRT | Volume 9, Issue 6 June 2021 | ISSN: 2320-2882 IJCRT2106702 International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts (IJCRT) www.ijcrt.org f886 pervasive anti-social behaviour since preschool. As a group, these adolescent newcomers to antisocial ways had not formerly exceeded the normative levels of antisocial behavior for boys at ages 3, 5, 7, 9, or 11. Despite their lack of prior experience, by age 15, the newcomers equalled their preschool-onset antisocial peers in the variety of laws they had broken, the frequency with which they broke them, and the number of times they appeared in juvenile court (Moffitt, 1991). The research shows no differences among the youngest four age groups (10-11, 12-13, 14-15 and 16-17) on the measures of psychosocial maturity (Steinberg, Cauffman, Woolard, Graham, & Banich; 2020). Lakshmi and Anuradha (2017) revealed that the delinquent children had low social maturity in comparison to non-delinquents. Sharma, Sharma and Kang (2017) suggested that juvenile delinquents showed low levels of social and emotional maturity. Moreover, the juvenile delinquents also exhibited average level of work orientation, followed by social commitment. Liu (2020) while examining the influence of sense of self, self-concept, and work orientation subcomponents of psychosocial maturity on offending from adolescence to em


This paper presents a new mechanism concept for a perching micro air vehicle. In this concept, each wing is a three degree-of-freedom serial chain that enables wing pitching, sweeping and folding. The rst two motions are each driven by a servo motor through a four-bar linkage that is kinematically synthesized via the function generation technique. However the folding motion of the outer spar is designed to be a passive joint that is coupled with the sweeping motion through a pulley and cable system. A preliminary design of these mechanisms is obtained by rst applying a kinematic synthesis technique that requires the mechanism passes through a prescribed set of key positions. It is then optimized for two actuation quality measurements: transmission angle and mechanical advantage. At last a working prototype was built and tested with a servo controller. The preliminary results show that the concept can achieve the desired motion. This new concept and prototype facilitates future studies such as ight control for perching MAVs.


The families of oxides with stoichiometry RE2BaMO5 (where RE is a trivalent rare earth, and M is Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+, Pd2+ or Pt2+) are known as the green phases in studies of Y–Ba–Cu–O superconductor ceramics. These oxides are not superconductors but nevertheless present interesting structural types. In this work, the synthesis and structural characterization using the Rietveld method applied to X-ray powder diffraction data for Eu1.8La0.2BaZnO5 (europium lanthanum barium zinc oxide) are presented. The compound is isostructural with Y2BaZnO5. The two sites for Y3+ are occupied by Eu3+, while La3+ ions partially occupy one of these sites.


Short circuit capacity is a measure of the robustness of power system voltage.A new method is proposed to use short circuit capacity analyzing voltage stability.The analytical relationship between the short circuit capacity and the voltage stability of the low-voltage load bus is derived.Based on the Thevenin's equivalent for the power source side,the voltage stability analysis with the equivalent load model for the distribution network well matches the actual situation without adding the scale of simulation system.The derived critical minimal short circuit capacity for maintaining voltage stability can directly quantify all the effects on voltage stability due to the changes of the distribution load side,which is a comprehensive voltage stability parameter.By comparing the actual short circuit capacity and the critical minimal short circuit capacity,the voltage stability of the bus could be fast assessed.By tracking the changes of the two capacities,the main reason causing the voltage instability can be determined.Therefore it will provide a clear guide for the voltage stability control.The work is theoretical support for applying short circuit capacity on the on-line assessment and control of wide-area voltage stability.


This review provides a comparison of Occidentalism and Orientalism. Both books seek to provide an understanding of prejudice and bias. These volumes are designed to reveal the nature of stereotypes as well as how false and accurate images of others are constructed. In the process, we also become acutely aware—from these two books—of the current or conventional stereotypes that exist in the West and the East. In other words, because we compare and contrast these two volumes, we are provided with two mutually defining perspectives: a view of the East from a Western perspective and a view of the West from an Eastern perspective. Therefore, the question guiding this review might aptly be cast as: What are the stereotypes of the West that exist in the East, and what are the stereotypes of the East that exist in the West? The significance and importance of this criticism can be found in comparing both books, which explore the same kind of formal features and techniques of symbol using. The volumes initially reveal the stereotyping tendencies of both the West and the East. According to Buruma and Margalit, in the East the dominant stereotype of the Occidental is of a machine without a soul. For Easterners, the West is decadent and faithless, goaded and guided only by an interest in money grubbing. In contrast, argues Said in a volume published in 1978, those in the West hold a stereotype of the Oriental that holds that those in the East are lazy and inactive, and, in virtually every way, those in the East oppose everything that reflects the clarity, directness, and nobility of the Anglo-Saxon race.


Abstract Taking into consideration that more than 40% of the final energy consumption of the EU stems from the residential and commercial building sector, it is not surprising that the community-level regulation strongly focuses on these sectors (Eurostat, 2011). In respect to buildings' energy performance, the European Parliament and the Council Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings requires from Member States (hereinafter: MS) to ensure that, by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are to be nearly 'zero-energy' buildings. Furthermore, MSs shall ensure that energy performance certificates are to be issued for buildings constructed, sold or rented out to a new tenant. Although the concerning regulation is being developed in the right way, several corrections are still required from an ecological point of view.


Abstract Production, digestibility of OM and chemical composition of five promising Anthephora pubescens Nees ecotypes (VH4, VH7, VH9, VH17 and VH20) at two fertiliser levels were compared on a soil of the Mangano, Annandale and Sunbury series. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from VH7 and VH20. Ecotypes VH20 and VH17 established best, while VH4, VH20 and VH17 had a better leaf to stem ratio than VH7 and VH9. The differences in chemical composition (P, K, Ca, Mg and Zn), crude protein content and digestibility between ecotypes were not large. The highest number of grazing days and a grazing capacity of 2,68 ha/LSU at a high grazing intensity, was recorded for the ecotype VH20 in the ripe‐seed stage. The relatively high protein content (14,1%) and digestibility (69,9%) of grazing material, collected by oesophageally fistulated steers indicated a pasture of potential.


The article investigates the problem of adjustment of tire life from the coefficients of working conditions and road conditions. On the basis of a m ethods the actual tire life for trucks of the enter prises of Donetsk region is corrected. The decision under the detailed analysis and specifications of factors wh ich influence indicators of operating life, working cap acity and wear rate of tires during operation of wh eeled vehicle is offered.


We propose a scenario for bottom-up gravity dual picture of QCD-like theories, which consists of two near-AdS$_5$ domains separated by the ``domain wall'' at which the effective coupling relatively rapidly switches from small perturbative value at its UV side to strong at its IR side. Its consequence are corresponding jumps in 5-d masses of the bulk fields, related to different anomalous dimensions of the corresponding operators. Inclusion of both weakly and strongly coupled parts of bulk wave functions allows for consistent inclusion of QCD hard processes.
We further discuss how transitions from strong to weak coupling in hard observables should look like, exemplified by pion diffractive dissociation, which seems to show this transition experimentally. Then we propose a dynamical mechanism for this jump related to instantons, which are point-like bulk objects located at/near the domain wall. We further argue that in the limit of large number of colors $N_c\to\infty$ the "domain wall" is becoming a true singularity. Instanton-induced contributions to correlators and partition function of the instanton ensemble is reformulated in the $AdS_5$ language. Among other applications are lowest mesons as collective vibrations of the ``domain wall''.


Hongmei LIU, Shuyan DING, Shuhua QI School of Science, Dalian Nationalities University, Liaoning 116600, P. R. China Abstract In this paper, by means of Gould-Hsu inverse series relations, we establish several Gould-Hsu inversion chains. As consequence, some new transformation formulae as well as some famous hypergeometric series identities are derived.


This study examines the risk of spontaneous combustion caused by the residue of the coin plating experiment. In this study, three cases of recent fires due to the unauthorized disposal of the residues left from coin plating experiments in middle and high schools of the Gangwon-do Province (2017~2018) were analyzed and an experiment to recreate the fire was conducted. As a result of the analysis of the three cases of school fires, it was shown that the students who participated in the coin plating experiment wiped the aqueous solution that spilled onto the table during the procedure as well as the residue of the solution inside the beaker with a tissue and disposed of it on the classroom floor or in a plastic trash can along with the coin that was used. If short, 1 h and 18 min, if long, 8 h and 15 min after the tissues with the residues were thrown away in the trash can, a fire broke out. In addition, when the fire experiment was recreated, in a state where 5 g of sodium hydroxide and 5 g of powdered zinc were partially overlapped, 0.25 ml of water was added. After 20 min since the start of the experiment, a fire occurred as the temperature rose to 549 °C. In particular, when the coin experiment residue was put on toilet paper and dried for 5 min using a hair dryer, a fire occurred as flames started to appear from the residue. Therefore, in order to prevent fires, it is safe to dispose of the residues after conducting the coin plating experiments in waste incinerator machines. Fire safety education must also be enforced upon teachers who are in charge of instructing chemical experiments at school, and science laboratories must be equipped with automatic fire extinguishing facilities, e.g., trash cans that are placed in the classrooms must be made of steel to ensure complete safety.


In the process of DDS system design by using FPGA,the chip selection for its speed optimization and resource utilization optimization is often contradictory.As for trends and operational requirements,the significance of system speed index is more important than the area index.In the light of this,a pipeline architecture is adopted to optimize the conventional phase accumulator.The system model was built,simulated and downloaded in quartus Ⅱ development environment.The experimental results were verified with an embedded logic analyzer.The results indicate that the system can complete the summation of frequency control word,produce sine,square and triangular waves,and has a good real-time performance.


tunity for clinicians to learn to deal with their personal reactions. Even if the worker chooses not to operate in the more pressing crisis cases, knowledge of his or her own reactions to extensive and prolonged stress, and learning to deal with the inherent issue of separation found in crises, may be extremely helpful in other treatment situations. Planning for termination is basic to a short-term approach and, during the treatment, it brings into bold relief the separation-individuation process between client and therapist. 14 Today, as long-term treatment approaches become less viable, workers must be instructed in short-term treatment models. Crisis intervention provides an excellent avenue into the training process. Crisis requires that the worker and the service delivery system provide quick intervention. The potential for clients' psychological decompen-


On the basis of gas explosion parameters, some questions of mixed gas detonating system such as variety selection of mixed gases were discussed. The preliminary design proposals of mixed gas detonating system (esp. the detonating box) were put forward, and the demands of detonating safety and reliability of the system were pointed out.


Background: Sigmoid sinus is an area of interest for anatomists, neurosurgeons, and radiologists. Different procedures such as mastoidectomy, thrombectomy in the sigmoid, and transverse sinus thrombosis have realized the need of proper morphological knowledge of the sigmoid sinus and its variations and their important relations. Therefore, the present study was conducted to report the prevalence of various nonmetrical attributes of the sigmoid sulcus in dry human skulls in India. Methodology: This study was conducted on 224 human skulls in which sex and origin were not known and these were taken from the departmental osteology laboratory. Interior of the skull base at the area of the sigmoid sulcus was carefully observed for the presence of any osseous projection on its anterior or posterior lips such as crest, plate, or bars. Shape, position, and side of projection were noted and frequency was calculated in percentage. Results: Out of 224 skulls, 80% of the sigmoid sulci showed one or other form of bony features. A total prevalence of 43.08% was observed for crests, whereas plates showed lesser frequency (28.57%) on the anterior lip of the sigmoid sulcus. Bony bars were the least common (9.14%) features, but were characteristically located at the angle region of the sigmoid sulcus. In 16.74% of skulls, sigmoid sulcus was shallow. Conclusion: Occurrence of bony attributes in the form of plates, crests, and bridges along the course of the sigmoid sulcus is quite high and shows frequent variability in location and laterality, which may adversely affect the morphology of the sigmoid sinus.


Aims:  In a bioterrorism event a rapid tool is needed to identify relevant dangerous bacteria. The aim of the study was to assess the usefulness of partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and the suitability of diverse databases for identifying dangerous bacterial pathogens.


The prostaglandins (PGs) have been extensively studied in many centers 'during the past several decades. In his opening remarks, the editor emphasized the importance of prostaglandins by saying that the prostaglandins are now recognized as one of the four major classes of endogenous substances with high biologic activities, along with steroids, biologic amines and polypeptides. One reason that the PGs are so important is that they are easily synthesized by all body tissues. Furthermore, about a third of the drugs in the pharmacopoeia interact with the PG system.


A control section for controlling a vertical movement of the cutting unit vertically driving the operating portion, whereby the position of the blade (height) of the cutting unit can be set and changed in fine pitch. That is, when cutting the protective tape adhered to a surface of the wafer, the protection strip and the contact portion of the blade may be suitably changed, whereby the contour can always be by a sharp edge along the wafer to the dicing tape.


Abstract – The purpose of this study is to see how characteristics of the board of directors affect the disclosure of sustainability reports. This study collects samples through purposive sampling technique. A total of 135 sample data were taken from companies in Indonesia that were included in the Kompas 100 index, for three consecutive years, which disclosed sustainability reports. The year under study is the latest and closest year, 2018-2020. Disclosure of sustainability reports will use the GRI Sustainability Report Disclosure Index (SRDI) indicator (2018) with a total assessment of 250 indicators, each indicator listed will be given a value of one. The size of the board of directors will be using the natural logarithm of board size. Board gender diversity from both sides will use their respective proportions to the entire board of directors. The STATA program was used in this study because it was considered the most suitable for the research technique. This research resulted in board size having a significant and positive effect on the disclosure of sustainability reports. Board diversity from female on board has an effect but not significantly on the disclosure of sustainability reports. Finally, board diversity from male on board also has an effect but not significantly on the disclosure of sustainability reports.
Keywords: Board Characteristic; Sustainability Report Disclosure;  Board Size; Board Diversity


The present invention relates to at least one physical or chemical process variable of determining and / or monitoring the medium for a field device (1), which comprises at least one sensor (2), at least one electronic unit (3), and at least one adapter unit (10), the sensor unit is located between the adapter (3) (2) and the electronic unit and at least one electronic signal from the sensor (2) is transmitted to the electronic unit (3). Feature of the present invention is characterized in that the adapter unit (1) provided inside the at least one contact connector (20) is rotatable about at least one field device (1) axis (1.1) of any rotation, in order to tap the at least one sensor (2) signal.


Breast cancer encompasses heterogeneous group of tumors with different histological, biological and clinical behavior. Intraand inter-tumor heterogeneity as a result of genetic and non-genetic factors has considerable impact on different responses to anticancer therapy and prognosis. Introduction of new methods such as next-generation sequencing or comparative genome hybridization uncovered complexity of genetic nature of breast cancer. This article summarizes some of the new findings on this field.


Helicobacter pylori (H pylori) is a Gram‐negative bacterium, considered to trigger autoimmune gastrointestinal disorders. This pathogen has also been linked to the autoimmune sequelae in extra‐gastrointestinal diseases and peripheral neuropathies. Guillain‐Barré syndrome (GBS) is a serious autoimmune demyelinating disorder of peripheral nerves, usually with a post‐infectious onset. About 30% of cases of GBS attributed to by Campylobacter jejuni, so, H pylori, could be also involved. Growing evidence suggests the likely involvement of H pylori infection in the development of GBS. The aim of the current study was to therefore estimate the prevalence of H pylori antibodies in GBS.


In this piece we examine educational gaps among Iraqi refugee students while living in Iraq and while in transitional countries, challenges resulting from those educational gaps since they have arrived in the United States, and Iraqi students' needs to overcome their challenges for school adjustment. Thirty Chaldean Iraqi refugees who attended various high schools in the greater Detroit area, their parents, and their teachers participated in interviews and focus groups. Educational gaps in Iraq are due to precarious conditions involved in access to schooling, and threats and dangers experienced as Chaldean religious minorities. Gaps in transitional countries are due to lack of access to schooling due to residency restrictions, discriminatory treatment, and financial difficulties. Iraqi students are highly anxious about academic failure and their ability to obtain a high school diploma. We recommend educational policies and practices that might best address the serious problem of educational gaps.


Kinetics of oxidation of esters viz., methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl and iso-butyl acetates by Mn(III) acetate in acetic acid (90% v/v) was studied. The rate law was found to be -d[Mn +] _ /t"bJMn] [Ester] dr [Mn] ' The products obtained were identified as HCHO, C0 2 and corresponding aldehyde or ketone from alcohol moiety. The effect of acid was negligible on the rate of reaction. A probable mechanism involving the rupture of alkyl-oxygen bond is suggested. Electron transfer reactions have recently been receiving lot of attention by several workers [1], The oxidation of esters by a variety of oxidants such as Cr(VI) [2], bromine [3], N-bromosuccinimide [4] and acid permanganate [5] haye been reported earlier. Oxidation of esters can take place in two ways (i) direct oxidation or (ii) oxidation of alcohol produced during the hydrolysis of ester. The latter process envisages prior hydrolysis equilibrium before oxidation of alcohol takes place. Here it is assumed that the ester and the acid produced during the hydrolysis are not reactive towards oxidant. Now if the alcohol is the only one that is getting oxidized to the corresponding aldehyde or ketone then it would be a reaction which requires either two moles of an one electron oxidant or one mole of a two electron oxidant. If hydrolysis is not a precondition then the oxidant can attack the ester directly either by scheme 2 or scheme 3 depending upon whether it is a one equivalent or a two equivalent oxidant. Scheme 1. O O II H. II R—C—O—CH2—R' + H 2 0 R—C—OH + R'CH2OH, R'CH2OH + M"+ — R ' C H O H + H + M ( " + , slow R'CHOH + M"+ ——• R'CHO + H+ + M<"-. f u t O r R'CH2OH + M"+ ——• R'CHOH + H + M<->+, •low R'CHOH + H20 — • R'CHO + H. fa»t 1 V. VENKAT RAO, M. SC., Junior Research Fellow, Dr. B. SETHURAM, M. SC., Ph. D., Reader and Dr. T. NAVANEETH RAO, Prof, of Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Osmania University, Hyderabad500007 (India). 1172 V. V. RAO et al.: Kinetics of Oxidation of Aliphatic Esters Scheme 2. O O I I • R—C—O—CH2R' + M" ——> R—C—O—CH—R' + H+ + M<->, »low o o II • I R—C—O—CH—R + H 2 0 ——• R—C—OH + R'CHO + H+. Scheme 3. O O I I R—C—O—CH2—R' + M" ——> R—C—O+ R—CH 2 + M<">, slow o I R—C-O— — R + C0 2 , R+ M"+ -7—• R + M "-, fut R + H 2 0 — —> ROH R 'CHO + H + 2 M<1 ) + , f asr fast R'CH2 + H 2 0 ——> R'CH2OH + H R'CHO + 2 H+ + 2 M<">, fast fas/ where R, R', R" and M"+ represent alky] groups and metal ion respectively. This envisages a stoichiometry of six moles of oxidant to one mole of ester in the case of one equivalent oxidants and one mole of oxidant to one mole of ester in the case of two equivalent oxidants. According to scheme 3, carbondioxide and one mole of aldehyde or ketone from alcohol moiety of the ester is expected when one equivalent oxidants are used. Significantly carbondioxide is not one of the products when two equivalent oxidants are used (Scheme 2). And also carbon dioxide is not one of the products when hydrolysis followed by oxidation is the mechanism of oxidation of esters (Scheme 1). Evidence for direct oxidation can also be obtained from a comparision of rates of hydrolysis and rates of oxidation under similar condition. In the present work on the oxidation of methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl and iso-butyl acetates by Mn it was found that the stoichiometry is 1 : 6 and the products were formaldehyde, carbondioxide and corresponding aldehyde or ketone from alcohol moiety suggesting that direct oxidation route to be more likely. Also the second order rate constants for the hydrolysis of methyl acetate for instance at 0,5 and 10% (v/v) acetic acid and 0-32 M perchloric acid were found to be k" x 10 1 mol 1 sec -1 = 16-8, 10-2 and 5-4 respectively. This trend shows that at 90% (v/v) acetic acid and 0-32 M perchloric acid (the conditions employed in the oxidation work) the rate of hydrolysis would be extremely slow. The k" value for the oxidation of methyl acetate was 9-19 x 10 1 mole -1 sec. This again suggests that direct oxidation route is more likely. Since carbondioxide has been detected as one of the products, we believe that Mn + oxidizes the esters by one equivalent oxidation step as suggested in scheme 3. In this mechanism the oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde is considered to be fast. For V. V. RAO et al.: Kinetics of Oxidation of Aliphatic Esters ... Table 1. Activation parameters for the oxidation of esters by Mn 3 + 1173 Ester k " x 10 (1 mol 1 s e c 1 ) k" x 10» ( lmol' sec") •«ip. AH* AG* K cal mol" -AS* e.u. mol" Methyl acetate 919 121 186 18 0 20-0 6-3 Ethyl acetate 10-8 19 5 17-2 16-6 19-9 10-4 Ethyl formate 10-7 19-5 17-3 16-7 19-9 10-1 n-Propyl 11-8 24-6 15-9 15-3 19-8 14-4 acetate iso-Propyl 902 14-8 18-7 18-0 20 0 6-2 acetate n-Butyl 12 9 28-3 14-7 14-1 19-8 18-0 acetate iso-Butyl 14-7 32-7 13 2 12-5 19-7 22-8 acetate * indicates second order rate constants for the corresponding alcohols. AG*, AH * and AS* are calculated at 313 K. comparision purposes, we have determined the rate constants for oxidation of the corresponding alcohols under conditions similar to those employed for the oxidation of esters and are incorporated in Table 1. The data in Table 1 clearly shows that alcohols get oxidized at a rate ten to twenty five times greater than the corresponding esters. Significantly in these reactions an inverse dependence of rate on the [Mn ] was observed. The inhibition of rate on added Co + and Ce was not observed in the case of oxidation of esters by Co + or Ce respectively [6, 7]. This might arise in two ways (a) Mn + might form an inert complex either with substrate or oxidant. This is possible only when [Mn] is greater than either [Mn] or [ester]. But inverse dependence was observed even when [Mn] was lower than [Mn] or [ester] (b). The other possibility being Mn gets converted to Mn 2 + in a reversible step prior to the rate determining step. If the equilibrium constant for this is very small, then the overall rate will vary inversely on [Mn]. But the reversible step cannot be a disproportionation of Mn 3 + to Mn + and Mn 2 M n J ^ M n 2 t + Mn 4 + , Mn + ester -»• Products, because in such a case the order with respect to [Mn] would be greater than one. We are therefore forced to conclude that the reversible reaction is one between ester and O Mn + to form an intermediate of the type |_CH3—C—O—CH3 which is converted to products in a subsequent rate determining step in which neither Mn 3 + nor Mn 2 + is involved (chart I). Taking methyl acetate as a typical example the mechanism of oxidation 1174 V. V. RAO et al.: Kinetics of Oxidation of Aliphatic Esters . of esters by Mn could be represented as shown in chart 1.


Optical filtering is one of the basic process in photomechanics and speckle metrology, since it is the most convenient method to form high-quality visible fringes for the mesurements. In this paper, we utilize statistical approanh to analyse the formation of displacement gradiant fringes created by shearing speckle interferometry which is much different from other speckle interferometry and holo-speckle inter-ferometry discussed before. 1) 2)


Populist radical right parties are electorally successful in Western democracies since few decades. But does this success influence the mainstream parties? This thesis focuses on the case of France and the growing success of Front National. Scholars mention a possible populist Zeitgeist and the spread of populism into mainstream politics, but the conceptualization of populism is still ambiguous. Based on analyses of parliamentarian discourses and party programmes, this thesis demonstrates that the Front National does not necessarily influence the populist rhetoric but might generate political pessimism towards parties in government. The populist Zeitgeist and the FN's success seem to have an influence only on the right of the ideological spectrum.


The invention discloses a nickel plating brightener and a preparation and use method thereof. The nickel plating brightener is formed by adding a major brightening agent, a softening agent and a wetting agent to a working base solution, wherein per liter of the nickel plating brightener contains the major brightening agent: 10-50 g/L of PPS (Pyridinium Propyl Sulfobetaine) and 10-30 g/L of PAP (Propargyl Alcohol Propoxylate), the softening agent: 10-200 g/L of PS (Propargyl Sodium Sulfonate) and 1-10 g/L of S-ATPN (S-Carboxyethyl Isothiourea Thiuronium) and the wetting agent: 20-100 g/L of MA-80 (Butanedioic Acid Diethyl Sodium Sulfonate); and the working base solution contains the following components: 200-320 g/L of nickelous sulfate NiSO4.6H2O, 45-55 g/L of nickel chloride NiCl2.6H2O, 40-50 g/L of boracic acid H3BO3, 0.8-1 g/L of sodium saccharin and the balance of water. The nickel plating brightener disclosed by the invention has the advantages of easiness for raw material obtaining, low cost, easiness for operation, good plating effect and stability in product quality.


Some polymer materials that are considered important for spaceport operations are rendered noncompliant when subjected to the Kennedy Space Center (KSC) Standard electrostatic testing. These materials operate in stringent environmental conditions, such as high humidity. Treating materials that fail electrostatic testing and altering their surface properties so that they become compliant would result in considerable cost savings. Significant improvement in electrostatic dissipation of Saf-T-Vu PVC after treatment with air Atmospheric Plasma Glow Discharge (APGD) was observed and the material now passed the KSC electrostatic test. The O:C ratio on the surface, as monitored by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy, increased from 0.165 tO 0.275 indicating enhanced oxidation, and surface contact angle measurements decreased from 107.5 to 72.6 showing increased hydrophilicity that accounted for the increased conductivity. Monitoring of the aging showed that the materials hydrophobic recovery resulted in it failing the electrostatic test 30 hours after treatment. This was probably due to the out-diffusion of the added Zn, Ba, and Cd salt stabilizers detected on the surface and/or diffusion of low molecular weight oligomers. On going work includes improving the long term hydrophilicity by optimizing the APGD process with different gas mixtures. Treatment of other spaceport materials is also presented.


standards for hospital workers. For further installations, however, -and for the reason already given, it is -to be expected that the synchrotron method will be employed. Here, fortunately, British medicine is more happily placed. Following up its earlier success, the Telecommunications Research Establishment has now designed a 30-million electron-volt synchrotron, and this equipment is already complete, apart from the magnet itself. It should be in operation before -the -end -of the present summer, and it would be a poor compliment to the laboratory's physicists to suggest that any serious degree of difficulty is likely to be experienced. At this stage, and possibly sooner, a number of policy questions will fall to be decided. The problem is the old one of whether to grasp what is already available or to wait for more. Two different issues are involved-the first, that of the voltage to be used, and the second the physical means to produce it. As to the firsts it would be expected that at 30 million electron-volts the greatest x ray dosage would be at a depth of about 5 centimetres, and that -the intensity at that depth would be about four times that at the surface. This is a big enough margin to offer a quite substantial advantage for therapeutic use. Moreover, the evidence is that at such voltages the rate at which intensity falls off at depths greater than the maximum is comparatively slow. The ratio of maximum to surface dosage is therefore the more important figure of the two. And if we can have a four-to-one ratio at once there would seem to be no good reason to wait a further period until the six-to-one ratio, offered by 50 million-volt working, is attainable. It would be equally unwise, however, to go to the opposite extreme and suggest that all major hospitals should at once be provided with 30 million-volt synchrotrons. There is the possibility, on the physical side, not only of further increases in effective voltage but also of new methods which may reduce production costs. Equally, there is a case medically for the obtaining of practical experience at 30 million volts at a limited number of centres before proceeding to any more general programme. And this, it may be expected, will be the line taken.


Because of the United States' minimal domestic engagement with human rights, several subnational initiatives, including the Cities for CEDAW campaign, have formed to infuse human rights into local policy making. Analyzing Miami-Dade County as one locale within the Cities for CEDAW network, this article asks what happens to human rights when they are turned into urban policies. Drawing on literature theorizing the complexities of urban human rights activism and using an interpretivist framework of analysis, the article reconstructs local context features and practices promoting gender equality through the countywide CEDAW ordinance. It develops a narrative based on expert interviews and finds an unusual actor constellation in which a local officeholder led the way rather than community activists. The practices identified work within institutional constraints and highlight data collection to support informed gender policy making. The findings lead to the conclusion that both activists and scholars should think beyond the dynamics of policy formulation and more explicitly about the complexities of implementation.


An immunosensor based on surface plasmon resonance was applied to detect mast cells expressing c-Kit. Sufficient detection of the mast cells was achieved by covalent immobilization of gelatin firstly on the sensor surface and followed by covalent binding of the anti-c-Kit antibody to lysine residues in the gelatin molecules through bis(sulfosuccinimidyl)- suberate (BS3) treatment. By using BS3, which is a homo-bifunctional reagent, the lysine residues of the anti-c-Kit antibody easily bound to the lysine residues of the gelatin in the physiological condition. The lower limit of detection was 10^4 cells/mL.


Myelofibrosis (MF) is a rare disorder that is classified as one of the myeloproliferative disorders. It is a BCR-ABL1- negative myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by abnormal proliferation of hemopoietic stem cells within the bone marrow, which leads to overproduction of fibrous tissue. Our patient a young girl of 17 year old presented with lump in left upper abdomen, shortness of breath & generalized swelling. The diagnosis was made based on severe anaemia, pancytopenia in peripheral blood film. Bone marrow trephine biopsy from the tibia revealed myelofibrosis. Splenectomy was done in an attempt to reduce the total volume of malignant cells and improve the features of hypersplenism. Myelofibrosis with hypersplenism in a 17- year- old girl is reported rarely. However, when it does, it usually runs rapid and fatal course.
J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2023; 41: 239-243


The objectives of "CyberCheck" are drafted very precisely to solve 2 important modules of the Penetration Testing Workflows. Open-Source Intelligence (OSINT) and Web Vulnerability Scanning are the most crucial practices for a penetration tester to keep track of their target and not to leave any of their digital footprints in the process of scanning their endpoints. Often, a pen-tester must be dependent on a 3rd party service provider, those who provide all open-source tools to check on. But this stage is not always beneficial for a pen-tester to have a fully transparent scanning on their target. The idea is to develop an Open-Source user-customizable OSINT and Web Vulnerability scanner in Python environment scripts that are very transparent on the algorithm for performing OSINT search or Web Vulnerability scanning. This feature is a nightmare for any pen-tester to test or track on their target endpoints using open-source that is highly transparent in scanning ports and functions that they trust on. This also adds the pen-tester to work ethically by customizing the type and parameter he wants to scan instead of going unethical in an online 3rd party service provider.


The invention discloses a preparation method of block water soluble silicone oil of textile softening finishing agent. The prior modified amino water soluble silicone oil has good stability, but enables the hand touch of the processed textile to be greatly reduced because an entrained hydrophilic chain link is still on a lateral chain of polymer. The preparation method comprises four steps: the amidation of amino coupling agent, the preparation of hydrogen terminated methylsiloxane midbody, the preparation of polysiloxane-polyether linear block polymer, and the ammonolysis of block polymer. The block water soluble silicone oil prepared by the invention has the advantages of high concentration and stability, smoothness, and the like.


Tailgut cyst (TGC) is a rare congenital benign cystic lesion arising from a remnant of the embryonic postnatal hindgut. TGCs are typically multinodular, uncapsulated, but usually well circumscribed. TGCs are generally rare in adults and the majority of the lesions are benign. Malignant transformation is rare and malignancies reported include adenocarcinomas and neuroendocrine tumors.

 A retrospective database search was conducted and coded as "tailgut cyst or retrorectal cystic hamartoma" to identify cases of possible TGC between January 2005 and January 2019. The search utilized the pathology files of Yale-New Haven Hospital using CoPath laboratory information system. Clinical and surgical data were gathered from the surgical pathology report and surgical operative note when available.

 A total of 13 cases (10 women) were identified with a median age of 51 years. All the specimens were obtained by surgical excision. Most of the cases were excised from the presacreal area (11 cases), and two cases were excised from the retrorectal area. The two cases resected from the retrorectal area had a malignant component. The first case was a 33-year-old female who had a 1.5-cm tailgut cyst that showed a multifocal neuroendocrine tumor (carcinoid); the resection margin was also positive. The second case was a 59-year-old female who had a tailgut cyst that showed mucinous adenocarcinoma; the resection margin was also positive.

 Diagnosis of tailgut is sometimes challenging. Possible differential diagnoses in this location include teratoma, dermoid cyst, anterior sacral meningocele, and presacral abscess. Imaging is an important component of the initial workup. Surgical resection is the treatment of choice when the cyst grows in size and if a solid component is present. Exclusion of other benign entities and malignant transformation/component on histological examination is crucial.


Enantiomeric forms of 1-phenylethylamine cannot be distinguished by 1H or 13C-NMR because the groups attached to the stereocenter are in an enantiopic environment. However, the chemical shifts of the protons in the groups attached to the stereocenter can be differentially altered to appear as distinct peaks in the NMR spectrum. This is accomplished by the use of a commercially available chiral lanthanide shift reagent, Yb(tfC)3. The NMR spectrum after the addition of a chiral shift reagent allows one to assess the optical purity of the sample.


FIELD: medicine, pharmacy. SUBSTANCE: invention relates to galenic pharmacy and concerns novel stable paracetamol-base compositions comprising dissolved paracetamol in water-containing carrier where buffer with pH value 4-8 is added absorbing free radicals. Method involves also bubbling water-insoluble inert gas in water-containing solvent used for removal of oxygen from medium. Analgetic of central or peripheral action can be added to preparations. Compositions in the form injection preparations for pain treatment are stable aqueous liquid solutions of paracetamol. EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of preparations, improved method of preparing. 23 cl, 29 tbl, 7 ex


In the title compound, C24H17NO2, the carbonyl O atom of the benzoyl group is cis with respect to the furanyl O atom, and the associated O—C—C—O torsion angle is 4.62 (19)°. The puckering of the dihydrofuran ring is close to twisted (4 T 5), with parameters Q = 0.1856 (16) Å and φ = 313.5 (5)°. Molecules are interconnected via a C—H⋯N and a C—H⋯O hydrogen bond, leading to layers parallel to the (200) plane and characterized by R 4 4(28) and R 4 4(36) graph-set motifs. The furan O atom does not participate in intermolecular hydrogen bonding. The crystal lattice encompasses a solvent-accessible void of 24.7 (8) Å3.


Stars form via the gravitational collapse of molecular clouds during which time the protostellar object contracts by over seven orders of magnitude. If all the angular momentum present in the natal cloud was conserved during collapse, stars would approach rotational velocities rapid enough to tear themselves apart within just a few Myr. In contrast to this, observations of pre-main sequence rotation rates are relatively slow (∼ 1 − 15 days) indicating that significant quantities of angular momentum must be removed from the star. I use observations of fully convective pre-main sequence stars in two well-studied, nearby regions of star formation (namely the Orion Nebula Cluster and Taurus-Auriga) to determine the removal rate of stellar angular momentum. I find the accretion dischosting stars to be rotating at a slower rate and contain less specific angular momentum than the disc-less stars. I interpret this as indicating a period of accretion disc-regulated angular momentum evolution followed by near-constant rotational evolution following disc dispersal. Furthermore, assuming that the age spread inferred from the HertzsprungRussell diagram constructed for the star forming region is real, I find that the removal rate of angular momentum during the accretion-disc hosting phase to be more rapid than that expected from simple disc-locking theory whereby contraction occurs at a fixed rotation period. This indicates a more efficient process of angular momentum removal must operate, most likely in the form of an accretion-driven stellar wind or outflow emanating from the star-disc interaction. The initial circumstellar envelope that surrounds a protostellar object during the earliest stages of star formation is rotationally flattened into a disc as the star contracts. An effective viscosity, present within the disc, enables the disc to evolve: mass accretes inwards through the disc and onto the star while momentum migrates outwards, forcing the outer regions of the disc to expand. I used spatially resolved submillimetre detections of the dust and gas components of protoplanetary discs, gathered from the literature, to measure the radial extent of discs around low-mass pre-main sequence stars of ∼ 1−10 Myr and probe their viscous evolution. I find no clear observational evidence for the radial expansion of the dust component. However, I find tentative evidence for the expansion of


We discuss the cosmological dependence of the star formation history of the universe, within the framework of a very simple semianalytic model, where star formation occurs within the virialized cores of dark matter halos, at a rate which is primarily governed by the rate of matter infall into the halo core. Our model is extremely simple, contains a number of uncertain features, and cannot be expected to predict detailed properties of the galaxy distribution. In spite of these great uncertainties, we find that at sufficiently high redshifts fundamental differences between cosmologies (and not uncertainties in the star formation model) are the dominant factor determining star formation history. Consequently, we argue that observations of star-forming galaxies at high redshift (z > 5) with telescopes such as the Next Generation Space Telescope (NGST) can provide a powerful probe of cosmology.


Resumen en: The article analyses Professor Josep-Ignasi Saranyana's written output dealing with American theology, his books as well as his articles. It focuses on t...


The interaction of positively charged anthracyclines, pirarubicin, and adriamycin with planar monolayers and bilayers of zwitterionic and anionic phospholipids (POPC and DPPA) is reported, by using a surface pressure technique and surface-enhanced resonance Raman scattering(SERRS). The results are compared with those of previous study concerning the pirarubicin-POPC interaction. The surface pressure technique enabled us to determine the speed of penetration and the amount of anthracycline trapped in phospholipid monolayers. The behavior of both anthracyclines was different, depending on their hydrophilic-lipophilic balance and the charges of phospholipids. We observed,in particular, that the presence of anionic DPPA in the monolayer does not enhance the percentage of pirarubicin at the interface as compared to the adsorption in a pure POPC monolayer. This could be due to the formation of a screen by pirarubicin adsorbed on the polar head groups of anionic phospholipids. These molecules would prevent the other molecules of pirarubicin dissolved in the bulk from penetrating more deeply into the phospholipids. These monolayers were transferred by a Langmuir-Blodgett technique onto silver-coated prisms, in order to study them by SERRS and have information on the orientation of the anthracycline in the phospholipid bilayer thus obtained. The spectrum of a phospholipid bilayer containing anionic DPPA (POPC-DPPA 80-20 mol %), put in contact with an aqueous solution of pirarubicin showed that this anthracycline is able to cross the bilayer and is lying parallel to silver after crossing. This result confirms the hypothesis of the screen formed by pirarubicin adsorbed on DPPA polar head groups, proposed after the surface pressure study. Adriamycin in contact with a POPC bilayer is able to cross this bilayer too. It does not remain in the bilayer, probably because of its weak hydrophobicity, and is lying on silver after crossing. In the presence of anionic DPPA in the bilayer, adriamycin remains adsorbed on the polar head groups of the second monolayer (in contact with water) and does not penetrate into the bilayer.


Elderly people, who are living alone are great risk if a fall event occurred. Therefore automatic fall detection systems are in demand for elderly people. In this paper, a depth based fall detection system is proposed. The proposed method consists of shape based fall characterization and a Support Vector Machine (SVM) classifier. Shape based fall characterization is formed with Curvature Scale Space (CSS) features and Fisher Vector (FV) encoding. According to the results obtained from experimental study, the proposed method has better performance than other methods that were published in literature.


In situ localisation of follicular lymphoma (ISLFL) is an emerging diagnostic concept, with only a small volume of cases reported in the literature. We present two cases of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), in lymph node (patient A) and oral mucosa (patient B), each harbouring concurrent ISLFLand discuss the morphological, immu-nohistochemical and molecular features of this diagnosis. Biopsies from these patients showed partial tissue effacement by DLBCL, with unexpanded, reactive follicles present in adjacent parenchyma. Immunohistochemistry showed strong CD10 and bcl-2 posi-tivity in some of these seemingly benign follicles, in keeping with ISLFL. In patient B, DLBCL and ISLFLcomponents were separately submitted for gene rearrangement studies, which showed no immunoglobulin heavy chain monoclonality (Fr3 V and conserved J regions) in either component, but did reveal positive result for Bcl-2/IgH t(14;18) gene rearrangement in both the DLBCL and ISLFLcomponents. Usually discovered incidentally during immunohistochemical investigation, ISLFLhas been found in association with synchronous follicular lymphoma and a range of other lymphoma types. In addition, ISLFLhas also been demonstrated in patients without any overt lymphoid malignancy. These two cases highlight the histological and immunohistochemical features of ISLFLand raise the discussion of potential molecular pathogenesis along with questions about the prognosis and appropriate treatment of affected patients.


In the light of the disadvantage of secure access mechanism in DBMS,the paper designs a new application of database trigger and IP,with which a new access control function based on pre-attack is built up,thus to improve database security and log the logon and operateion information about the user,and change the actual status that are database protection relies on the way of restoring post-attack.


Communities need inclusive leadership that embraces adaptive change to address complex social problems. Implementing such a leadership has proven elusive, calling into question how people understand community leadership. Through interpretive analysis of autobiographical narratives, we identified three orientations toward community leadership, which we label traditional, liberal, and hybrid. Each suggests a different logic of community, power, and the will to leadership. We argue the hybrid perspective is most in keeping with inclusive and adaptive approaches and suggest ways community leadership educators might promote it.


ing. It was clear that some journals were included in our lists simply because they had qualified for inclusion back in the 1960s when the Journal of Economic Literature started publication and there had not been a serious réévaluation of their contents. In other cases, I wondered whether a journal's inclusion reflected some favor to a friend or the personal predilections of members of the Journal of Economic Literature's Board of Editors. The réévaluation of the journals involved computing many different citation indicators to measure the impact of each and every journal.6 This was completed by the early 1990s and it led to changes in the JEUs procedures. This work led me to address the sort of questions characteristic of industrial organization: viewing each journal as if it were a firm's product and defining the industry as the set of all such firms (journals), we may ask: 1 . is the industry competitive?; 2. is the industry concentrated in a few firms?; 3. are there barriers to entry?; 4. how profitable are the firms?; and 5. has innovation affected the structure of the


DeSimone, Sami Bdeir, Christopher A. Aakre, Vaibhav R. Vaidya, Joshua P. Slusser, David O. Christopher V. DeSimone, Paul A. Friedman, Amit Noheria, Nikhil A. Patel, Daniel C. Defibrillator and Echocardiographically Detected Patent Foramen Ovale Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack in Patients With Transvenous Pacemaker or Print ISSN: 0009-7322. Online ISSN: 1524-4539 Copyright © 2013 American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved. is published by the American Heart Association, 7272 Greenville Avenue, Dallas, TX 75231 Circulation doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.00354


Analysis of expressiveness in human gesture can lead to new paradigms for the design of improved human-machine interfaces, therefore contributing to enhance users' participation and experience in mixed reality applications and context-aware mediated environments. The development of expressive interfaces decoding the high-level affective, emotional information gestures convey opens novel perspectives in the design of interactive multimedia systems in several application domains: interactive installations and hands-on in museums and science centres, performing arts, edutainment, entertainment, therapy and rehabilitation, to mention only few of them. This paper describes some recent developments in our research on expressive interfaces by presenting computational models and algorithms for the real-time analysis of expressive gestures in human full-body movement, that we experimented and applied in the above mentioned application scenarios. Such analysis is discussed both as an example and as a basic component for the development of effective expressive interfaces. As a main concrete result of our research work, a software platform named EyesWeb has been developed (www.eyesweb.org). Besides supporting research, EyesWeb has also been employed as a concrete tool and open platform for developing real-time interactive applications.


Examines labour market developments in the transition economies of Central and Eastern Europe and Central Asia for the period 1990-2000. Compares developments in different countries.


This paper examines the convective heat/mass transfer behavior of a turbulent boundary layer with parallel streamlines. The most notable example of such flow is an atmospheric boundary layer with a steady mean wind in the absence of topography. The classic, two-dimensional problem involves the surface boundary condition of a finite-length step change in temperature/concentration in the streamwise direction of an atmospheric flow. In the literature on geophysical evapotranspiration, this problem is known as Sutton's problem (cf. Sutton, 1934, and Brutsaert, 1984). This flow situation is equally applicable to heat/mass transfer in solar ponds, ground solar collectors, and heated roadways, as examples. The present note revisits the Sutton problem, with the can Driest eddy diffusivity model, and expands the types of boundary conditions that are examined to include surface changes in temperature/concentration and fluxes. The parallel streamline condition allows for Graetz-type solutions, with boundary conditions at the surface and in the far flow field. The predicted results are presented as a series of power law correlations of the relevant nondimensional parameters.


The embodiment of the invention discloses a white balance processing method and device. The white balance processing method comprises the following steps of: obtaining a picture obtained by a module of a camera to be corrected under a pre-set light source, calculating an average value of red R, green G and blue B within a picture setting range, and calculating a white balance actual value corresponding to a white balance standard value through the average value, wherein the white balance standard value is obtained by obtaining a picture under the pre-set light source by using a standard module, calculating the average value of the red, the green and the blue within the picture setting range, and calculating through average value; obtaining gains of the red, the green and the blue of the white balance into a control register of a sensor of the camera to be corrected through a white balance value actual value and the white balance standard value; and writing the gains of the red, the green and the blue of the white balance to a control register of a sensor of the camera to be corrected. The problems of color cast of a single module, color consistency of different modules, and image color cast can be solved by carrying out proper correction of the white balance on RAW DATA output by the camera.


Testing methods aiming to demonstrate that an implementation behaves the same as a specification X-machine (extended finite-state machine) usually assume that (1) all states are terminal states and (2) there are no priorities associated with operations on transitions. The considered model for the machine is such that outputs for transitions leading to non-terminal states will be buffered and contents of buffers will only be made observable when terminal states are entered. The X-machine testing method has been extended in this work to handle such an extension of X-machines (EFSM).Priorities of operations determine the order in which guards of transitions are evaluated. This makes it possible to reduce the size of a test suite. For instance, if testing has shown that a transition with a specific guard g has been implemented from some state, then no lower-priority transition with a guard implied by g may ever be executed from that state. It is hence not necessary to test for the presence of such a lower-priority transition.


Objective To make a further understanding of the CT features of Krukenberg's tumor and to improve its diagnostic accuracy.Materials and Methods This study included 16 patients with pathologically proved Krukenberg's tumor from gastrointestinal tract. All the tumors contained typical signet ring cells with intracellular mucin. CT features were retrospectively analyzed. A comparison was made between Krukenberg's tumor (study group) and Ⅱb and Ⅱc primary ovarian tumor (n=16, control group).Results On CT scan, total 26 lesions were detected in 16 cases of study group. The tumors involved bilateral sides in 11 cases (68.8%) and unilateral side in 4 cases (25%). No lesion was found in one case. Of the total 26 lesions, 4, 7, 10 and 5 was of type Ⅱa, Ⅱb, Ⅱc and Ⅲ, respectively. Of 17 Ⅱb or Ⅱc lesions, 15 carried intratumorous cysts, of which 8 showed marked enhancement (47.1%). On CT scan, 22 lesions were detected in 16 cases of control group, which involved bilateral sides in 6 cases (37.5%) and unilateral side in 10 cases (62.5%). Of the 22 lesions, 1, 5 and 16 was of type I, Ⅱb and Ⅱc, respectively. Of 21 Ⅱb or Ⅱc lesions, 20 had intratumorous cysts, of which 4 showed enhancement of cystic wall.Conclusion Krukenberg's tumor should be suspected when the patient shows mixed or solid lesions in bilateral ovaries, especially when the intratumorous cystic wall displays marked enhancement on CT scan.


Abstract Simple and efficient method for N-Boc protection of amines using PEG-400 as an ecofriendly reaction medium at room temperature is described. Various aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic amines were converted to the corresponding N-tert-butyl-carbamates in good to excellent yields in short times. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT


Introduction: Roth at mid-career Timothy Parrish 1. American-Jewish identity in Roth's short fiction Victoria Aarons 2. Roth, literary influence, and postmodernism Derek Parker Royal 3. Zuckerman Bound: the celebrant of silence Donald M. Kartiganer 4. Roth and the Holocaust Michael Rothberg 5. Roth and Israel Emily Miller Budick 6. Roth's doubles Josh Cohen 7. Revisiting Roth's psychoanalysts Jeffrey Berman 8. Roth and gender Debra Shostak 9. Roth and ethnic identity Timothy Parrish 10. Mourning and melancholia in Roth's American Trilogy Mark Shechner 11. Roth's autobiographical writings Hana Wirth-Nesher Selected bibliography and suggestions for further reading.


To study spectators' participation in performances by inmates, we must be able to analyse, process and evaluate, in both qualitative and quantitative terms, the data giving us the insight into the special nature and possible outcome of this relational experience. This is the aim of the Nuovo Teatro Galeotto project at the Bollate correctional facility underway between 2017 and 2018. Essentially, the intention is to define a system for evaluating theatre activities by the inmates, in order to fully understand their significance as part of projects designed to contribute the rehabilitation and social re-integration of people serving time in prison for various 'antisocial' acts, and to measure the effects of these activities on different audiences.


U.S. President Barack Obama's March 22, 2016 address to the Cuban people in Havana, Cuba aimed at restoring communal relations between Cuba and the United States by providing a vision of a hopeful future that urged Cubans to sacrifice their Castro revolutionary Cuban identities and reconstitutes them under a new Obama-inspired Cuban identity. First, the author illustrates Castro's revolutionary Cuban narrative. Second, the author addresses Obama's rhetorical strategy of reconstituting the Cuban people by identifying Obama's promotion of dissent, his appeal to a shared ancestry, his establishment of a new identity, and potential challenges.


Foreword by Pamela Murray Introduction Chapter 1: Origins Chapter 2: The Colombian Nations Chapter 3: The Dynamics of a Political Community Chapter 4: The Cadence of Unity Chapter 5: Conflict Chapter 6: Economic Unity Chapter 7: A Common Space Chapter 8: Cultural Dynamism Chapter 9: Daily Life Chapter 10: Colombia and the World Conclusion Chronology


Complex system-on-chip (SoC) demands to integrate debugging systems to control and monitor the internal behavior for post-silicon testing. Debugging systems must not only provide run-control and observability; they must also allow analyzing the operations performed within the SoC. The analysis capability must be non-intrusive with a flexible filtering option, followed by an analysis performing stage. Although some reported works address debugging methods to perform control and observability, details about how to monitor and to analyze SoC activity are scarce. Here, we propose a debugging platform for post-silicon. This work reports experimental measurements performed to the platform implementations in silicon and FPGA, validating the proposed debugging features. The debugging platform was implemented into a full SoC with a 32-bit RISC-V based core, an AHB bus, an APB bus, and peripherals. The SoC was fabricated in a general-purpose 0.18μm CMOS technology, where the debugging platform occupies 5.8% of the total SoC area.


The increasing workloads placed on stoma nurses often put the focus on the practicalities of living with a stoma, with the result being that the emotional impact is overlooked. This research, carried out in Northern Ireland and Republic of Ireland, attempts to capture the impact of a stoma on an individual's quality of life. Advertisements were placed in the press and online looking for ostomates to assist with research. Respondents contacted the clinical research team and were sent a lifestyle questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire was designed to capture both day-to-day stoma-related issues and the psychological impact that stoma-formation surgery has on individuals. In total, 547 questionnaires were returned, giving a return rate of >90%. Participants ranged from 18–92 years old, with postoperative times ranging from 30 years. While some describing life since surgery chose positive descriptors, such as better, healthier, happy and free, the vast majority reported some negative feelings, wi...


Lascars, or Asian sailors, were no strangers to legal entanglements in London, where thousands of them were stranded in the early nineteenth century. However, in the 1850s, the lascar crews of five ships prosecuted European officers and seamen for crimes committed at sea. This study draws upon documentation for these cases at every step of the legal process, exploring how lascars used London's mid-Victorian criminal justice system, and how institutions such as the Thames Police Court and the Old Bailey handled these unusual, complex cases. These court cases mark a watershed point in lascar history, linking the study of Asian mariners of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries with studies of the later steamship era.


Abstract There is now abundant evidence that the principal lethal effect of ionizing radiations involves alteration of the DNA of the cell. Sophisticated biophysical techniques have facilitated the quantitative estimation of single- and double-strand breaks induced in cellular DNA by graded radiation doses, while chemical methods have permitted the detection of other types of damage. Studies of bacterial mutants have established the existence of several different enzymatic repair systems and identified a new class of chemical radio sensitizers which inhibit such repair processes. Such agents may be useful in characterizing these repair processes further and in modifying radiation sensitivity during radiotherapy.


Abstract : This report documents, for the first time, the wavenumber and frequency characteristics of the mean-shear (MS) and turbulence-turbulence (TT) partial wall pressures. Results show that both the TT and MS pressures are important for the convective pressures, but that the TT pressure dominates in the subconvective wavenumber range. At low frequencies both the buffer layer and logarithmic region contribute significantly to the MS convective pressure; at higher frequencies the buffer layer is dominant. The partial pressures were obtained from two large eddy simulations (LES) of a fully-developed turbulent channel flow; they were computed from the TT and MS source terms from four regions of the channel (viscous shear layer, buffer region, logarithmic region and upper channel). The Reynolds number based on momentum thickness and shear velocity was 24; based on channel half-width and shear velocity, 171. The non-linear terms in the simulation, as well as those pressure source terms were dealiased using the 213 rule. The first simulation, LES8, used the rotational form of the nonlinear terms, whereas the second simulation, LES9, used the skew-symmetric form. Significant differences between the two simulations appear only in the subconvective wavenumber range for the TT spectra that has been integrated over the entire channel, pointing to the fact that the skew-symmetric form, while more expensive, computationally, is more accurate.


Abstract : For well over a decade, the United States has been the undisputed hegemon in a unipolar world. Many experts believe that the current unipolarity cannot last as historically the world's powers will seek a balance of power. In the coming decade, that great power, or near-peer competitor could arise in the form of China. However, a major question in a world evolving to bi- or multi-polarity is, does that change necessarily constitute a coming conflict in the same vein as the previous Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union? If history is an accurate indicator, the answer is most likely "yes" due to a number of factors. First, there are already a number of major potential sources of conflict between the United States and China, such as China's human rights record, its growing economic influence in the global market, and its ever increasing military capabilities. Second, and arguably the most critical, is the United States' policy with regard to Taiwan. Given the accuracy of the above two statements, this paper will examine the U.S.-China relationship from a historical perspective, discuss the sources of potential conflict, and conclude with three alternatives for future relations between these two great powers. Finally, the paper will select the best alterative for U.S.-Chinese relations in terms of the elements of national power.


Holographic recording is an effective approach for photopolymer surface patterning. It has been previously utilised in acrylamide‐based photopolymers and a spatial frequency limit of 200 l/mm has been observed. We report the successful inscription of submicrometer resolution patterns. The spatial frequency response has been extended to 1550 l/mm by introduction of thermal post recording treatment. Initial results from the optical patterning utilising a spatial light modulation (SLM) reveal that the amplitude of the photoinduced surface relief structures is larger in comparison to the amplitude obtained by holographic recording.


The corrosion degradation of a irframes occurs in a host of different environments over the lifetime of the aircraft. Most external corrosion occurs while the aircraft is on the ground or during low-level flight. Through a knowledge of the local environment including temperature, humidity, washing cycles, rain frequency and local pollution sources as well as a knowledge of how aerosols deposit onto surfaces in flight, it might be possible to determine the incremental degradation to an aircraft resulting f rom any particular weather event. Given this knowledge, it would then be possible to determine how (i) aircraft base location and washing cycles may change the incremental degradation, and (ii) corrosion may be reduced over the lifetime of the aircraft through appropriate maintenance. A research program has developed a tool known as Airlife, which simulates some of the environmental variables that affect corrosion development. This paper will demonstrate how the Airlife concept could be used to manage aircraft


"Everyone has the right to life so why should we kill one of our daughters to enable the other to survive?"* That question by the parents of conjoined twins, Mary and Jodie, who were so fused that any attempt to separate them would inevitably result in the death of Mary, stands as a challenge not only to their caregivers at St Mary's Hospital in Manchester, England, but to all who confronted the vexing issues raised by their plight.

A 34 year old white woman with no other children became pregnant. At four months of gestation ultrasound revealed conjoined twins. The treating physician on the Maltese island of Gozo recommended transfer to St Mary's Hospital, Manchester where he had trained. Because of a long standing agreement between Malta and Great Britain the patient was transferred to the care of the British National Health Service.

On transfer magnetic resonance imaging revealed significant problems with the pregnancy. The smaller of twins was not expected to survive. The parents, because of their religious belief that "everyone has a right to life", declined the option to terminate the pregnancy. The pregnancy was allowed to continue for 42 weeks before delivery by caesarean section on 8 August 2000. The combined birth weight of the infants was 6000 g. Both infants were immediately intubated. They were ischiopagus tetrapus conjoined twins linked at the pelvis with fused spines and spinal cords, and with four legs.

Jodie, the healthier of the two had an anatomically normal brain, heart, lungs, and liver. She shared a common bladder and a common aorta with Mary. Mary was severely abnormal in three aspects: brain, heart, and lungs. She had a very poor "primitive" brain. Her heart was vastly enlarged, very dilated, and poorly functioning. There was a virtual absence of functional lung …


Deep Interest Network (DIN) is a state-of-the-art model which uses attention mechanism to capture user interests from historical behaviors. User interests intuitively follow a hierarchical pattern such that users generally show interests from a higher-level then to a lower-level abstraction. Modelling such interest hierarchy in an attention network can fundamentally improve the representation of user behaviors. We therefore propose an improvement over DIN to model arbitrary interest hierarchy: Deep Interest with Hierarchical Attention Network (DHAN). In this model, a multi-dimensional hierarchical structure is introduced on the first attention layer which attends to individual item, and the subsequent attention layers in the same dimension attend to higher-level hierarchy built on top of the lower corresponding layers. To enable modelling of multiple dimensional hierarchy, an expanding mechanism is introduced to capture one to many hierarchies. This design enables DHAN to attend different importance to different hierarchical abstractions thus can fully capture a user's interests at different dimensions (e.g. category, price or brand). To validate our model, a simplified DHAN is applied to Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction and our experimental results on three public datasets with two levels of one-dimensional hierarchy only by category. It shows DHAN's superiority with significant AUC uplift from 12% to 21% over DIN. DHAN is also compared with another state-of-the-art model Deep Interest Evolution Network (DIEN), which models temporal interest. The simplified DHAN also gets slight AUC uplift from 1.0% to 1.7% over DIEN. A potential future work can be combination of DHAN and DIEN to model both temporal and hierarchical interests.


The object of this study is to analyze the actual use of and the problems of bathrooms in urban apartments which have two bathrooms (one main bathroom and one attached to the main bedroom) in Korea. 1) There are some problems with the present western style bathrooms which have three different facilities in the same room; a toilet, a bathtub, and a washstand. Twenty-five percent of the respondents use the bathtub as a water tank or a storage. A toilet not combined with a bathtub as well as some dressing space are desired for the main bathroom. 2) A certain number of residents are satisfied with the present western style bathrooms. Those, who are not satisfied with the present type, desire some other types such as (1) an independent toilet not combined with a bathtub and a washstand, (2) an independent bathtub not combined with a toilet and a washstand, (3) respectively independent facilities of a dressing room, a bathroom, a toilet, and a washstand. 3) Many residents of young age satisfied with the bathroom attached to the bedroom. (Received June 30, 1995)


The breakdown of the characteristics solution in the neighbourhood of the leading frozen characteristic is investigated for the flow induced by a piston advancing with finite acceleration into a relaxing gas and for the steady supersonic flow of a relaxing gas into a smooth compressive corner. It is found that the point of breakdown moves outwards along the leading characteristic as the relaxation time decreases and that there is no breakdown of the solution on the leading characteristic if the gas has a sufficiently small, but non-zero, relaxation time. A precise measure of this relaxation time is derived. The paper deals only with points of breakdown determined by initial derivatives of the piston path or wall shape. In the steady-flow case, the Mach number based on the frozen speed of sound must be greater than unity.


The aim of this study was to find out whether or not there was any significant difference speaking skills between students' who were taught through retelling technique by using YouTube videos and those who were not at tenth graders of SMK Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam. The population of this research was 370 students which divided in to eleventh classes at tenth graders of SMK Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam. The sample was taken from 35 students of OTKP 1 and 35 students from OTKP 2 by using purposive sampling. This research used Quasi-experimental design as the research design. The data was taken from oral test which used 2 raters, and the data was analyzed by using SPSS. The result of this study was revealed that there was significant difference between students who were taught through retelling technique by using YouTube videos and those who were not at tenth graders of SMK Muhammadiyah Pagar Alam. It proves that the use of YouTube videos (narrative story) and retelling technique as strategy to support the main action was effective and could improve students speaking skills.


Electrochemical fixation of CO2 into formate was efficiently carried out by using Fe4S4 cubane clusters bearing a 36-membered methylene backbone in dimethylformamide with initial current efficiencies of 40 and 23%, respectively, for t-butyl and benzyl type macrocyclic Fe–S derivatives; these derivatives are several times more efficient than conventional clusters bearing small thiolate ligands.


This summary is produced by the Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) and is drawn from reports provided by the VLA laboratories at Aberystwyth, Bury St Edmunds, Carmarthen, Langford, Lasswade, Leahurst, Luddington, Newcastle, Penrith, Preston, Royal Veterinary College, Shrewsbury, Starcross, Sutton Bonington, Thirsk, Truro, Weybridge and Winchester An outbreak of botulism in sheep Abomasitis in four-week-old and four-month-old calves caused by Clostridium perfringens and Pasteurella trehalosi Further cases of husk in housed cattle Suspect mycotoxicosis in beef fatteners Severe dermatitis in ewes caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection Deaths in whooper swans associated with C perfringens enteritis and mycotic airsacculitis – These are among matters discussed in the Veterinary Laboratories Agency's (VLA's) disease surveillance report for England and Wales for December 2005


PURPOSE: A dimerization reagent, and a producing method of iodixanol using thereof are provided to secure the allowable yield during a dimerization process of a compound A to the iodixanol, when synthesizing the iodixanol. CONSTITUTION: A producing method of iodixanol comprises a step of dimerizing 5-acetamido-N,N'-bis(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-2,4,6-triiodo-isophthalamide(compound A) using a dimerization reagent in the condition having the pH of 10~12. The dimerization reagent is selected from the group consisting of THP-protected 1,3-dichloropropanol, acetoxy-protected 1,3-dibromopropanol, 1,3-diiodopropane, THP-protected 1,3-diiodopropanol, and acetoxy-protected 1,3-diiodopropanol.


Energy storage systems (ESS) are effective solutions to reduce the cost of smart grid operations due to their ability to store and supply electricity on demand. Traditionally, ESS have been used to implement a plethora of cost reduction techniques for smart grid operations such as temporal supply-demand shifting, frequency regulation, voltage regulation etc. However, the stationary nature of ESS limits their flexibility, potentially leading to low utilization and risk being a stranded asset. In this work, we explore the use of Mobile ESS in implementing such cost reduction techniques in a grid consisting of multiple microgrids. We develop an algorithmic framework to assign multiple Mobile ESS to various microgrids of the smart grid across several days. Our framework attempts to maximize the cost reduction achieved due to Mobile ESS assignment minus the routing cost. We show that our algorithm is a polynomial time $1/e-$1/e-approximation for the NP-Hard problem of optimal assignment of MESS.