DEFINING LEADERSHIP DISCOURSE as a subset of communication, this essay positions technical and business communication as potential sites for leadership. Pointing to ways philosophical hermeneutic theory is useful for exploring ethical dimensions of proposals and proposal teaching, and assuming expanded roles for professional communicators in the future, the essay analyzes student-instructor interaction over proposal projects. In the process, it lays the foundation for more reflective theory and practice that may encompass not only professional communication expertise, but also more active citizen leadership on the part of professional communicators. Theory and practice in our discipline of professional communication (and in its sub-specialties of technical and business communication) do not yet fully reflect a world view in which the role of the professional communicator is that of a proactive, reflective practitioner, or citizen-agent of change. Consider, for example, the opportunities for leadership implicated in some business proposal writing, in which writers, as business leaders or as technical experts, but also as citizens, may respond to management, social, and technical problems as they try to improve conditions for business in a downtown shopping area, propose changes in public school financing, or evaluate risks associated with environmental clean-up projects. Despite such increasingly complex social contexts for proposal writing, the prevailing tendency is still to see proposals as rather limited responses to requests for quotes for products and services [RFPs], and to view writers as mere technicians. In the latter instance, the professional communicator need only employ technical expertise and/or persuasion, and is seldom expected to look at ethical implications or social results generated by the success or failure of individual technical documents. As well, proposal writing is often perfunctorily presented in technical and business communication texts, encouraging little reflection on the part of students or teachers about the complex relationships that may be implicated in some proposal research and writing processes.


The precipitation in the outside and the inside of the forest (Quercus variabilis), the stemflow and the lower vegetation interception were measured in Guangou watershed in Henan province from 1998 to 1999, and the calculation models were built. The results showed that the canopy precipitation interception and stemflow of forest were 20.77% and 4.85% respectively, the maximum water holding capability of litters was 13.40 t/hm 2, the linear relationship between precipitation in the outside and the inside of the forest as well as stemflow was showed, while canopy precipitation interception model conformed to the gray Verhulst model.


Punk and hardcore are often generalized only as musical styles, even though they include many sociological characteristics as well. My intention was to find out, how does the identity, ideology and subculture appear in punk and hardcore today and also evaluate the differences since styles were born. Furthermore I am trying to explore the social characteristics of both styles, and how they are alignedI to general history of subcultures. Punk as a phenomenon was found in England in the end of the 1970's though many typical (mostly musical) characteristics had appeared in US earlier. For a punk-community the most important unifying element is music, but punk differs from other youth and mass cultures especially in the way of thinking. Essential aspect is the independency in the music and lifestyle. Therefore polemical stances are usually not tied with party politics. The punk culture spread rapidly also in Finland through national framework which mixed ethnics and typical characteristics of punk together. Hardcore was originally born to maintain and protect the pure rawness of original punk-rock and thus operate as a contrast for more commercial new wave bands. Soon it became a whole upright way of life for frustrated youth and it developed to include many ideological features too. Hardcore took the independency of punk a step further by being the first phenomenon created by youth itself and without any support from commercial markets. Originally the punk-attitude was connected with anarchism, degeneracy, and aesthetics of boredom, but also community and tolerance has always been important aspects for punks. Later on a need for activism and shocking manners has been reduced even though punk-attitude does still strongly base on dissatisfaction. It does not, however, mean one should live outside of the society. The empirical part of the study consisted of ten theme interviews done for Finnish persons who have been involved in the punk culture and communities such as bands for a long time. Answers were used to produce the current view to manifestations of identity, ideology, and attitude in punk and hardcore cultures. The results were also compared to historical facts of sociological meanings of punk. Regardless of typical characteristics of punk and hardcore, they share many common views nowadays. Freedom of prevailing institutes and structures, social activities, independency and tolerance are main values. The true punk and hardcore are still strongly ideological entities which are unaffected by fashion and commercialism. Music is the most important unifying element in punk and hardcore though they are comprehensive lifestyles after all.


This study is a literary analysis of J. M. Barrie's Peter and Wendy, which focuses on how Wendy and her mother are described and what actions and behaviors are applied to them. A clear gender diffe ...


It is widely accepted that the pier-rock interface governs the strength and load-deformation behaviour of shear socketed piers. A combined laboratory and analytical study was initiated to address these key issues. This paper; which is the third of a three part series, focuses on the important features of a newly developed plasticitybased interface model. The model describes the mechanical behaviour or rock-concrete interface. Various features of the model such as the failure criterion, plastic potential, bond degradation and dilatancy, are discussed. The isoparametric formulation of the zero thickness interface element and the implementation procedure of the constitutive laws into a standard non-linear numerical code is briefly described. A failure criterion for rock joints is developed and is shown to fit well the direct shear test data obtained for sawtooth interfaces. The predictive performance of the interface (constitutive ) model is assessed by comparing numerical results and experimental data presented in two companion papers ( Parts 1 & 2 ).


Objective To investigate the expression of hTERT (human telomerase reverse transcripase) and its correlation with proliferation in gliomas. Methods hTERT mRNA was detected in 8 normal brain tissues and 45 glioma specimens that covered different subtypes and grades, by means of ISH (in situ hybridization). PCNA protein was also detected by immunohistochemical method (S-P) in all specimens. Results The 45 gliomas were divided into two groups: low malignant group (LMG); high malignant group (HMG). The positivity of hTERT in LMG was 60.0%; in HMG was 31.3%, with an overall positive rate of 75.9%. No hTERT was detected in normal brain tissues. There was significant difference between these groups (P 0.05). The positive rate of PCNA in LMG and HMG are 8.5% ± 1.8% and 32.0% ± 6.4% respectively. There was a significant positive correlation between hTERT gene expression and tumor proliferation. Conclusion hTERT and PCNA LI were highly expressed in gliomas. It shows that hTERT may be activated in the process of glioma carcinogenesis and play an important role. The hTERT can be used as a useful alternative marker in diognosis and prognosis of glimas.


As the development of multidisciplinary integrated medical experimental courses,it is vital to have a high quality technical team with compound technical and managerial abilitie. Based on improvement of morality and qualifications,this paper discusses ways to establish a professional technical team,through the trainings on research work,management,and multidisciplinary technical study,in which each member is a generalist on technology,management after working in different laboratories in turn.


Background: Nutrition can be defined as the science that studies food and how food nourishes our body and influences our health. Proper nutrition can help us improve our health, prevent certain diseases, achieve and maintain a desirable weight and maintain our energy and vitality. Malnutrition is a broad term commonly used as an alternative to under nutrition (wasting, stunting and underweight) but technically it also refers to over nutrition (overweight and obesity). Nutrition is particularly important in early childhood when growth is most rapid. Assessment of nutritional status of under-5 children in block Hajin and to identify the factors associated with malnutrition in these under-fives.
Methods: This is a community based cross sectional study, conducted in health block Hajin on a random sample of 403 under five children using multistage sampling technique based on probability proportionate to size (PPS).
Results: depicts that most of the children belonged to age group 25-60 months (45.9%), there was female preponderance (54.1%) among the study subjects. Most of the study subjects were having birth order first (40.9%). Majority of the study population were having birth interval between 2 to 3 years (40.8%).
Conclusions: From the study it is concluded that prevalence of different forms of malnutrition was comparatively lower as compared to national data. Malnutrition was more in infants, female gender, under-fives belonging to nuclear families, having illiterate mothers and those belonging to lower socioeconomic status.


This session will use queer theory to raise important questions about the role of information science in relation to queer communities. Using examples taken from both literary and popular culture, the session will look at the practices of classification in information systems, and how those practices, even when they attempt to facilitate access to resources for LGBTQ communities, ignore disjunctions and distortions that, far from being a barrier to access, form a fundamental aspect of queer expression.


Analysis of pulmonary structure‐function relationships by microscopy requites that the lung be fixed under carefully controlled physiological conditions, since lung structure is extremely responsive to the relationship between airway and vascular pressures. Unfortunately, standard post‐mortem fixation techniques leave some doubt as to the exact relationship between these pressures during fixation. This problem can be circumvented by stabilizing lung structure by rapid freezing under carefully controlled physiologic conditions. Using ethylene glycol in a freeze substitution technique we have developed procedures which yield a degree of preservation compatible with the high degree of resolution of the electron microscope. These can be used to obtain a more detailed understanding of pulmonary structure‐function relationships under well‐defined physiological conditions.


Feature selection is one of the core concepts in machine learning, which hugely impacts the model's performance. For some real-world applications, features may exist in a stream mode that arrives one by one over time, while we cannot know the exact number of features before learning. Online streaming feature selection aims at selecting optimal stream features at each timestamp on the fly. Without the global information of the entire feature space, most of the existing methods select stream features in terms of individual feature information or the comparison of features in pairs. This article proposes a new online scalable streaming feature selection framework from the dynamic decision perspective that is scalable on running time and selected features by dynamic threshold adjustment. Regarding the philosophy of "Thinking-in-Threes", we classify each new arrival feature as selecting, discarding, or delaying, aiming at minimizing the overall decision risks. With the dynamic updating of global statistical information, we add the selecting features into the candidate feature subset, ignore the discarding features, cache the delaying features into the undetermined feature subset, and wait for more information. Meanwhile, we perform the redundancy analysis for the candidate features and uncertainty analysis for the undetermined features. Extensive experiments on eleven real-world datasets demonstrate the efficiency and scalability of our new framework compared with state-of-the-art algorithms.


This paper presents a 6ch multi-channel non-ambisonic sound dispersion system utilizing of programmable control of sound location as well as other parameters. We have adapted this control system for a sound-art installation using national anthems generated by a variety of sources, with the choice of anthem, playback speed, spatial location and other parameters being under program control.


Minister of Finance, Robert Muldoon holding four of the new decimal bank notes. With him is Bank of New Zealand bank hostess, Adrienne Voss. Photographed by Evening Post staff photographer in July 1967.
Quantity: 1 b&w original negative(s) Single image on 35mm negative strip.


Already in 1986, Richard Hays could write of "the rapidly proliferating literature dealing with homosexuality as a theological and ecclesiastical issue." As Hays himself makes clear, much of this literature focuses on the interpretation of Romans 1:26-27. This passage reveals Paul"s remarkably complex notion of what the King James version of the Bible describes as "that which is against nature" (Romans 1:26). Though at the outset I would like to address myself to these two highly controversial verses specifically, I would like to do so by first disengaging myself from the political and ecclesiological questions of homosexuality that can be raised by reading the passage. I will read these verses, not with an eye to what they do or do not say about what Paul understood to be the rightness or wrongness of homosexual desires or acts, but rather with an eye to what they suggest about what I would like to call Paul"s "theory of gender." As I hope becomes clear in the course of this discussion, I am not particularly concerned here with how what I take to be Paul"s approach to the question of gender might be mapped onto the important questions raised by queer theoretical approaches to the text. Interestingly, the most informed—and most frequently cited—representatives of both sides of the theological debate surrounding Romans 1:26-27 agree on one major point, the crucial status of which is generally overlooked because of the political or ethical urgency of deciding the homosexual question. I might spell out this point of agreement simply by quoting these two opposed representatives. On the one hand, John Boswell: "The point of the passage is not to stigmatize sexual behavior of any sort but to condemn the Gentiles for their general infidelity." On the other hand, Richard Hays: "The passage is not merely a polemical denunciation of selected pagan vices; it is a diagnosis of the human condition." Both extremes of the debate, in short, recognize that "the genius of Paul"s analysis . . . lies in his refusal to posit a catalogue of sins as the cause of human alienation from God. Instead, he delves to the root: all other depravities follow from the radical rebellion of the creature against the creator." I will take as my starting point this important and agreed-on Pauline reversal of everyday thinking about sin. Stated more radically, my starting point is the following: Paul"s claim is not that homosexuality leads to spiritual alienation from God; rather, Paul"s is the far more paradoxical and apparently unfounded claim that spiritual alienation from God leads to homosexuality. This is, I think,


Objective Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) may contribute to the survival of neurons. Our aims were to study whether HSP27 concentrations differ between individuals with and without type 1 diabetes, a ...


Involute gear profile feature parametric design system is developed using Visual C++ and SolidWorks API.And the system can be run in SolidWorks.User can add gear profile feature into any model that the user designed,and the system can create spur gear and helical gear.So it can design gear rapidly.


A valuable byproduct that can be obtained from fruit wastes is pectin. Pectin designates those water sluble pectinic acid (colloidal polygalacturonic acids) of varying methyl ester content and degree of neutralization, which are capable of forming gels with sugar, and acids, under suitable condition* (GITCO, 1999). It is used in pharmaceutical preparation as filler, as an agglutinator in blood therapy and also to glaze candied fruits. Besides, it can be used to increase the foaming power of gases in water.


Infrasound waves can be defined as the sound waves with frequency range from 0.003 to 20 Hz. Kochi University of Technology (KUT) Infrasound Sensor Network contains 30 infrasound sensors which are ...


The invention relates to a system and a method for calibrating an optical axis of a non-spherical reflecting mirror. The system comprises a first optical path, a second optical path and a third optical path, wherein the first optical path comprises a frame I, a compensator, a laser interferometer I and a PC (personal computer) which are sequentially arranged; the second optical path is characterized in that the compensator in the first optical path is removed, a lens of the laser interferometer I in the first optical path is replaced with a flat standard lens, and an adjustment system is mounted and fixed on a frame II through a mesopore of the non-spherical reflecting mirror; the third optical path is structurally characterized in that a posture adjusting tool in the second optical path is fixedly connected with a lathe rotating shaft, and the laser interferometer II in the second optical path is replaced with an internal focusing telescope. According to the system and the method, the optical axis of the non-spherical reflecting mirror is accurately found out in an optical non-contact manner, and a traditional method for determining the optical axis of the non-spherical reflecting mirror through meter running is abandoned.


There are now several poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPis) approved for advanced epithelial ovarian, fallopian tube, or primary peritoneal cancer in various clinical settings. Although all PARPis share similar efficacy and class side effects, questions remain whether PARPi dosing and schedules can be optimized in individual patients to improve tolerability and compliance without attenuating efficacy. In the article that accompanies this editorial, Mirza et al. report the results from a prospective evaluation of a fixed starting dose (FSD) versus an individualized starting dose (ISD) based on an individual's body weight and platelet count within a subset of patients enrolled in the phase 3 PRIMA trial of niraparib as first‐line maintenance therapy. The PRIMA trial is a randomized phase 3 study evaluating maintenance with the PARPi niraparib compared with a placebo after the achievement of a response to first‐line platinum‐based chemotherapy in ovarian cancer. Like other phase 3 PARPi maintenance therapy trials in the upfront setting (SOLO1, PAOLA‐1, and ATHENA‐MONO), PRIMA reported a statistically significant benefit in progression‐free survival with niraparib maintenance compared with a placebo. Although hematologic toxicities are the most common grade 3 or 4 adverse events among the approved PARPis, the incidence of grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia is more pronounced with niraparib (28.7% in PRIMA and 33.8% in NOVA) in comparison with other PARPi trials. For example, the rate of grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia observed with olaparib in similar maintenance settings wase1% in the SOLO1 and SOLO2 trials. Not surprisingly, dose reductions were common in the NOVA trial of maintenance niraparib in patients with platinum‐sensitive ovarian cancer after a response to platinum therapy, with the majority of the patients ultimately requiring dosing levels that were lower than the planned starting dose of 300 mg daily. When individualized dosing is considered, there are many factors that can affect the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters and potential adverse event profile of a drug in the individual patient. In general, baseline characteristics such as sex, age, body composition, and renal function have been shown to have a relationship with the development of severe toxicity to the drug. Therefore, these baseline characteristics should be considered as potential factors in a dose‐ individualization strategy. In a retrospective analysis of NOVA, Berek and colleagues identified baseline body weight and platelet counts as risk factors for an increased incidence of grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia. Mechanistically, it is possible that poly(adenosine diphosphate ribose) polymerase inhibition may affect the proliferation and maturation of megakaryocytes; however, it is notable that the platelet decrease generally occurred during the first month on niraparib and plateaued afterwards; further investigation is required. In this prospective analysis from PRIMA, Mirza and colleagues confirm that an ISD of niraparib based on a weight of <77 kg or a platelet count of <150,000/μL resulted in a lower rate of dose interruptions and reductions, especially in patients with either a lower weight or lower platelet counts. Notably, in patients with a low weight or low platelet counts, the incidence of grade 3 or higher thrombocytopenia decreased from 51.9% for patients starting at the FSD to 17.2% for the patients starting at the ISD, and the incidence of grade 4 thrombocytopenia decreased from 38.7% to 6.6%, respectively. Importantly, although the number of patients is relatively limited and is not powered for a direct comparison, the efficacy of niraparib maintenance does not appear to be negatively affected by ISD, with no significant differences in the hazard ratios for the overall study population, homologous recombination deficient subset, or homologous recombination proficient subset between the ISD and FSD patients. The concept of individualized dosing is not new in oncology. There are ongoing efforts for oncologic drugs to demonstrate the feasibility of individualized dosing and schedules. For instance, the connection between complex PK parameters and side effects of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors has been studied to optimize therapy because they are approved at a fixed oral dose despite their large PK variability. Also, pharmacogenomics may play a major role in studying the variability of toxicities in an individual patient with the advent of inexpensive sequencing (e.g., upfront genotyping of the DPYD gene to detect a dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase deficiency causing severe toxicity to fluoropyrimidines). Therefore, prospectively implementing comprehensive PK studies beyond phase 1 studies and carefully monitoring the side effects along with PK and pharmacogenomic evaluation even after approvals are critical for investigating the influence of dose individualization on treatment outcomes. Increasingly, there is recognition that maximizing the dose may not translate into increased effectiveness, and especially for targeted drugs, chronic low‐grade or cumulative effects may contribute to difficulties with prolonged administration. In support of this, the US Food and Drug Administration has initiated Project Optimus to reform the current paradigms for optimization of drug dosing. Clinically, optimization of the side effect and safety profile is of critical


The diploma work concerns Eulerian-Lagrangian modeling of particle mixing in gas-solid fluidized beds. That has a great influence on the performance of fluidized-bed combustors. Better horizontal and vertical mixing yields homogenous cross-sectional tracer distribution in the furnace and secures long enough contact time between oxygen and the tracer particles. To understand the motion of the two particulate phases (inert bed material) suspended in a fluid, the Lagrangian particle tracking technique is used. This study contains numerical modeling of mono disperse particles mixing in spouted beds and fluidized beds in different beds" dimensions. Formulating a suitable statistical procedure for analyzing the results obtained and results were evaluated based on schematic comparison of tracer particles" concentration and degree of mixing in specific regions of the bed; moreover, preferential position, which states about the general distribution and tendency of particles to move across the regions of bed during mixing time, velocity vector and horizontal dispersion patterns are obtained to investigate about the mixing in the beds. The numerical study is done in open source software for simulating fluid dynamics of fluidized beds (MFIX), The code was developed at the National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL), USA.


We report on temperature dependent scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy studies of undoped SrFe 2 As 2 single crystals from 6 to 292 K. Resistivity data show spin density wave (SDW) transition at TSDW ≈ 205 K and the superconducting transition at ∼ 21 K while magnetic susceptibility does not show any superconductivity. Tunnel spectra correlate well with the SDW transition with a depression in the density of states near the Fermi energy below TSDW . On further lowering the temperature, the width of this partial energy gap associated with the SDW decreases. Using the anti‐correlation of superconducting phase with SDW, we interpret this gap weakening as a precursor to superconductivity. This may give rise to a facile nucleation of superconductivity near defects.


We set up a country-wide multi-centre prospective observational cohort, offering free STI-testing to multipartner men and women in Switzerland. Inclusion criteria were 16 years or older and three or more sexual partners in the last twelve months. The only exclusion criterion was antibiotic treatment in the past four weeks. The study provided follow-up examinations every six months. Apart from free STI-testing, we offered no additional financial incentives to study participants. The study was called STAR trial (STI-Testing for Asymptomatic individuals at Risk).


This study was carried out to investigate the exposure pathway of PBDEs in human breast milk collected from new mothers residing in Chuncheon, a comparatively clean area in Korea. The congeners of PBDE in 22 human breast milk samples were analyzed using a high resolution gas chromatography with a high resolution mass detector. The residue level of ΣPBDEs was higher in primipara subjects than in multipara subjects (p<0.05). The levels in this study were similar to those of people in some Asian and European countries, but were lower than those of people in north America. In the congener profiles, BDE-47 (mean contribution=36.1%) was predominant, followed by BDE-153 (27%), BDE-99 (11.7%), BDE-100 (11.1%), BDE-28 (7.9%) and BDE-183 (3.5%). The sum of BDE-47 and BDE-153 accounted for more than 50% of ΣPBDEs in most samples. BDE-47 was highly correlated with ΣPBDEs (r=0.94, p<0.001). No strong trend was observed between PBDE levels and a number of key biological factors (women's age, weight, height and body mass index) examined in this study, however, weak correlations were observed in PBDE levels measured against dietary habits, particularly in fish consumption frequency. It seems that Korean people might be exposed to multiple sources including products of PBDEs, and particularly food resources.


The possibility of highly parallel formation of nanostructures using self-assembly of DNA molecules provides a powerful tool for bottom-up fabrication. The DNA origami technique, involves folding a long single-stranded DNA scaffold using short DNA staple strands that can only bind at particular points along this scaffold. With this technique large numbers of identical structures can be assembled simultaneously in a single experiment. One of the most attractive features of the origami technique is the precise addressability of the DNA structures formed. Each staple strand can serve as an attachment point for many different kinds of molecules or other objects.Due to their small size, DNA nanostructures are commonly imaged using atomic force microscopy or electron microscopy, but with recent advances in far-field fluorescence microscopy beyond the diffraction limit (super-resolution microscopy), structures in the sub-200 nm regime become amenable also to optical analysis.We here show that the distance between fluorescently labeled staple strands bound on specific positions of rectangular DNA origami structures can be accurately determined using a variety of super-resolution techniques such as single-molecule high-resolution imaging with photo-bleaching (SHRImP), direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy (dSTORM), and Blink-Microscopy.


Although on occasion pileated woodpeckers (Dryocopus pileatus) and northern flickers (Colaptes auratus) drink water from puddles or other sources (Kilham 1983; Bull and Jackson 1995; Moore 1995), obtaining water by eating snow and ice is apparently unreported for these species (see Bent 1939, Bull and Jackson 1995, Moore 1995). Here I report on observations of a female pileated woodpecker eating snow and a female northern flicker eating ice, and speculate on the significance of this behavior by birds living in areas where water in a liquid phase may be unavailable for several days or weeks. On 13 January 1978 I was walking in Hellgate Canyon, just east of Missoula, Missoula Co., Montana (46° 52' N, 113° 59' W). At 1300 MST I watched a female pileated woodpecker swoop down from a wooden power line pole to a snow-covered log about 30 m from me; about 6 cm of granular snow covered the surface of the log and most of the ground. In the next 60 sec the woodpecker ate 9 bill-loads of snow (scooping up each load while keeping the side of its head nearly parallel to the snow surface). The bird then flew back to the pole before flying into the woods out of view. Although the site where the observations took place was near the Clark Fork River, most of this reach of the river was frozen at the time, and accessible free water in a liquid phase appeared rare. Ambient temperature at the time was-1°C. For several days preceding and following the day of the observations, the daily maximum was 5% of total body weight for medium-sized and large woodpeckers, and much greater for smaller passerines (see discussions in Bartholomew and Cade 1963; West and Norton 1975; Marsh and Dawson 1989). Heating fro-


Glucocorticoid (GC) excess is associated with type ‐2 diabetes and hypogonadism. The oxidoreductase 11β‐hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β‐HSD1) mainly catalyzes the intracellular regeneration of active GCs from inert inactive 11‐keto forms in liver, adipose tissue and brain, amplifying local GC action. Inhibition of 11β‐HSD1 offers a potential therapy to attenuate the type 2 diabetes. However, the current selective 11β‐HSD1 inhibitors inhibit the bi‐directional activities of 11β‐HSD1, both 11β‐HSD1 reductase (major) and oxidase (minor). Here we report that curcumin and its derivative (B06) have novel properties by competitively suppressing 11β‐HSD1 reductase activity while increasing its oxidase activity through increasing SER luminal cofactor NADP+ levels after suppressing hexose‐6‐phosphate dehydrogenase activity which plays a critical role in 11β‐HSD1 directionality. The IC50 of inhibiting 11β‐HSD1 reductase activity was 3 ± 0.2 μM and 100 nM, and the EC50 of stimulating oxidase activity was 2.04 ± 0.2 μM and 86 ± 0.2 nM by curcumin and B6, respectively, in rat Leydig cells. Curcumin inhibited 11β‐HSD2 with IC50s of 13 μM for rat kidney, while B6 did not. Oral administration of curcumin (100 to 200 mg/kg/day) or B6 (1–4mg/kg/day) for three days completely prevented the decreases of serum testosterone levels induced by restraint stress in male rats, and oral administration of B6 (4 mg/kg/day) for 2 months also prevented the formation of fatty liver and increase of serum glucose and lipid induced by high‐fat diet. Furthermore, db/db and normal C57BL/6J mice were orally administered B06 (0.8 mg/kg/d, daily). The results in serum glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, oral glucose tolerance tests and insulin tolerance tests support that B06 lower blood glucose levels and improve insulin sensitivity in mouse models of type 2 diabetes. The present study demonstrated novel 11β‐HSD1 modulators targeted both 11β‐HSD1 oxidase and reductase


For a sample of 133 beginning teachers, the relationship of three teaching-related variables identified as (a) the extent to which the teacher perceived teacher-training courses prepared him or her for the first years of teaching, (b) the level of workload experienced during the first three years of teaching, and (c) if an individual were to begin his or her career again, would he or she select teaching as the first career choice to three measures of burnout (Emotional Exhaustion, Depersonalization, and Personal Accomplishment). Correlation data were obtained and a series of multiple regression analyses were conducted in which the three teaching-related variables served as predictors. Findings indicated that, for a subsample of female beginning teachers, two of the three variables (perceived adequacy of training and choosing teaching as a career) served as moderately valid predictors of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization measures.


The document discusses message passage interfaces (MPI), open message passage issues and parallelization. A comparison of the two vector platforms, C90 and SVlex is presented. Sections of the document are written in computer code.


Combined with the practical experiences,this paper expounds the importance of the starting-points' precision to the compatibility of GPS control network.It also introduced several effective methods for checking the precision of starting-points.


Objective To explore the preparation method of tri-acids powder and to establish an HPLC method for the determination of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in tri-acids powder. Methods Diamonsil C18 column was used with methanol-0. 05mol·ml-1KH2PO4solution( adjusted to p H 4 with phosphoric acid)( 1∶ 1) as a mobile phase. Detective wavelength was 232 nm. The flow rate was 1. 0m L·min-1. Results The regress equation of benzoic acid and salicylic acid were A = 1 092 87 C + 37 431( r = 0. 994 3) and A = 63894 C + 4 890. 2( r = 0. 995 6),respectively. The linear ranges of benzoic acid and salicylic acid were 5 ~ 30 and 10 ~ 60 mg·L-1,respectively. The average recoveries of benzoic acid and salicylic acid were 100. 2%( RSD = 1. 25%) and 99. 74%( RSD = 1. 43%),respectively. Conclusions The method is simple and reliable,which can be used to determine the concentration of benzoic acid and salicylic acid in tri-acids powder.


The commenters point out errors in several equations and figures in the above-titled paper (ibid., vol.IM-31, p.97-101, June 1982). N.S. Nahman takes issue with some of the corrections, rebutting them on the basis of the paper's objectives. >


The canopy of an invasive tree species in the Pantanal floodplains, Vochysia divergens Pohl (Vochysiaceae; height 12 m) was sprayed once with 5% synthetic pyrethrum during the dry, non-flooded season near Poconé, Mato Grosso. About 4200 arthropods collected (43.7 ind./m 2) represented 14 orders. The Hymenoptera dominated (21.4 ind./ 2 ; mostly ants), followed by Coleoptera, Araneae and Diptera (85% of the total catch). Of the 26 Coleoptera families (6.2 ind./ 2) the Curculionidae, Scolytidae, Elateridae and Dryopidae were most abundant (70% of the total catch), and on trophic level the herbivores dominated (42%). This is the first quantitative canopy study of a tree species in the northern Pantanal floodplains. The type of data needed on arthropods from tree canopies in future studies to aid in the management and conservation of Pantanal floodplains is discussed.


Cryolipolysis is a non‐invasive, safe, and effective treatment for localized fat reduction. Paradoxical adipose hyperplasia (PAH) is a rare adverse effect in which patients develop painless, firm, and well‐demarcated tissue masses in the treatment areas approximately 3–6 months following cryolipolysis. The incidence of PAH has been estimated at 0.0051% or 1 in 20,000 treated patients. We report two cases of PAH seen in our practice, which may suggest the incidence is greater than previously reported.


Objective: To observe the in vitro effect of Compound 861 (Cpd 861) contained serum on CoL-1 , TIMP1 mRNA expression of HSC-T6 cells. Methods: HSC-T6 cells were exposed in different doses of Cpd 861 (0. 5g/kg,1.0g/kg, 2.0g/kg, 6.0g/kg) contained serum for 48 hours. CoL-I, TIMP1 mRNA levels were measured by quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results: CoL-I , TIMP1 mRNA levels of HSC-T6 cells at different doses of Cpd 861 contained serum were 0.28 ±0.09, 0.29±0.13, 0.3110.18, 0.40±0.08, and 1.28 ±0.46, 1.33 + 0.40, 1.14±0.10, 1.22±0.31, respectively; which were lower than those of normal control (0.58 ± 0.04, 2.29 ± 0.67, P 0.05 and P 0.01, respectively). Conclusion: Cpd 861 contained serum can decrease CoL-I and TIMP1 mRNA expression of HSC-T6 cells.


The management of variability plays an important role in successful software product line engineering. As the set of products that is derived from the product line and their requirements are constantly changing, the variability in the product line needs to evolve as well. A typical problem in in such an evolution scenario is that the number of variable features and variants will explode, and thus become unmanageable. One of the reasons for this explosion is that obsolete variable features are not removed. In order to address this problem, we present a new method for restructuring and simplifying the provided variability in a software product line. Our method is based on concept analysis. It analyzes the realized variability in a software product line, and constructs a lattice that provides a classification of the usage of variable features in real products derived from the product line. We show how this classification can be used to derive restructuring strategies for variability that solve the problem of variability explosion. The effectiveness of our method is demonstrated by presenting a case study of restructuring the variability in a large industrial software product line


To predict the behaviour of MR dampers under certain magnetic fields, it becomes essential to model the device with an appropriate approach. Among various existing models, Bouc-Wen model will be chosen to characterize the nonlinear hysteretic behavior of MR damper. This paper provides brief description of mathematical modeling of Magneto-Rheological damper using Bouc-Wen model and MATLAB application. To study and analyze MR fluid flow inside the cylinder, certain fluid flow models are preferred. Hysteresis behavior of MR damper during loading and unloading cycles is obtained only through proper and systematic modeling of MR dampers. Model parameters are identified by parameter identification procedure. Numerical modeling of MR damper is required to study the dynamics of MR damper.


Background:
 Klotho is an anti-aging protein expressed primarily in the kidney and vasculature. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) results in hyperphosphatemia. We reported that high levels of phosphate downregulate Klotho expression in vascular cells. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) in arteries promotes the development of atherosclerosis, and CKD is a significant risk factor for atherosclerosis. However, the impact of CKD on EndMT in arteries is unclear and whether Klotho insufficiency plays a role in the mechanism underlying vascular EndMT remains unknown. This study tested the
 hypothesis
 that Klotho insufficiency associated with CKD induces senescence in arterial endothelial cells to upregulate EndMT.

 Methods and Results:
 We developed a CKD model in C57/BL6 mice (5-6 months old) on AIN-76A diet and treated with adenine and calcitriol.
 CKD was confirmed by markedly elevated blood levels of creatinine and phosphate, as well as by renal tubular damage. En face immunofluorescence staining of aorta and image quantification revealed that the levels of biomarkers of senescence (P21) and EndMT (vimentin) were greater, while Klotho levels were lower, in the aortic arch endothelial cells of CKD mice compared to sham control mice. P21 and vimentin were co-localized in a greater number of endothelial cells in the aortic arch of CKD mice. High phosphate treatment upregulated the levels of P21 and vimentin and reduced the levels of Klotho in both primary human and mouse aortic endothelial cells, and knockdown P21 attenuated EndMT induced by high phosphate. Recombinant Klotho suppressed both senescence and EndMT in primary human aortic endothelial cells. Further, prolonged treatment of CKD mice with recombinant Klotho attenuated endothelial senescence and EndMT in the aortic arch.

 Conclusion:
 Klotho insufficiency associated with CKD promotes endothelial senescence and EndMT in aorta. High phosphate is capable of inducing endothelial senescent change that provokes EndMT. Administration of recombinant Klotho or upregulation of Klotho expression may have therapeutic potential for suppressing pro-atherosclerosis activity in large arteries by prevention of endothelial senescence and resultant EndMT.


The German-American bilingual communities of Dubois County, Indiana, have produced a sei of dialect stories reflecting German and American elements. These Dubois County stories are "dialect stories'' in a more profound sense than is offen carriedby that namef since they represent one of the last uses ofa dying language, and much ofthe humor directly hinges on bilingualism or dialect. Revealed in this inward-directed ethnic humor are local attitudes toward linguistic competence, bilingualism, Standard versus non-Standard German, and various kinds of language mixing, äs well äs reinforcement of ethnic group identity.


EDITOR—Sutcliffe's editorial on the issue of testing pharmaceutical products in children addresses a longstanding problem for which there has been much talk but no solution.1 Although not likely to produce the quality of data that would come from formal trials in children, an alternative approach is to develop a …


This paper discusses EU translation in the context of he language policy of the European Union and the resulting equality of all tr anslated acquis communautaire documents. Validity of selected classic concepts of Translation Studies such as original, translation, equivalence and intercultura l communication is challenged as to their applicability in the EU multilingual envir onment. Taking a closer look at EU translation, some unexpected complexities are revea l d. The paper also draws attention to some specificities and basic tenets re garding EU translation.


Canola oil is a rich source of PUFA for human diets, which makes it highly susceptible to oxidative degradation (rancidity). Herbs from the Lamiaceae family named basil (Ocimum basilicum), oregano (Origanum vulgare), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis) and sage (Salvia officinalis) were evaluated by total phenolic content and DPPH assay. Oregano presented better results in the antioxidant tests, and was also studied in a bulk oil system for monitoring antioxidant properties in a fatty matrix. Different levels of methanolic or ethanolic oregano extract were added to formulate canola aromatic oil (AromOil) in order to evaluate the efficacy in avoiding lipid oxidation under accelerated storage (60°C) up to 10 days. A 23 full factorial design with central point was accomplished by studying the factors solvent type, storage time at 60°C, and extract concentration to evaluate the influence of these factors, and their interaction, in the effectiveness of the antioxidant in protecting lipid oxidation in AromOil. The parameters TBARS and acidity were used as response, and also peroxides and fatty acids were evaluated. The storage time at 60°C was significant for TBARS formation, while all the factors had an effect on acidity formation. Methanolic oregano extract seemed to provide powerful antioxidant substances willing to protecting the PUFA in the AromOil storage study more efficiently than the ethanolic oregano extract formulation. These results agree with the polar paradox theory, describing that polar compounds are more effective in nonpolar media. Finally, samples prepared with ethanolic oregano extract at 1.00% (w/v) were well evaluated by sensorial analysis, showing a potential market for oils enriched with natural phenolic compounds.


The effect of the irreversibilities due to thermal resistances and regenerative losses on the performance of a magnetic Ericsson refrigeration cycle is investigated, based on the Curie law and Newtonian heat-transfer law. Some fundamental optimum relations and general performance characteristics of the cycle are obtained. The maximum cooling rate and some important performance parameters are calculated. The optimal operating regions of the cycle are determined. The results obtained will be helpful for the optimal design and operation of real magnetic Ericsson refrigerators.


For any economy both the relationship between their domestic policy objectives and growth objectives are relevant; as well as those affecting foreign sector. Those relationships have become even more important under the current environment of uncertainty, as consequence of the global economic crisis. Although in spite of that, the relationship between fiscal policy, the only stabilization tool in monetary unions, and the foreign sector has not been widely discussed.
For that reason, in this paper, we are interested in exploring the relationship between both the budget deficit and public debt on the external deficit, and therefore on economic growth. To do this, we will establish a typology of the implications of fiscal policy (more oriented to domestic objectives of economic policy) on the external sector (external goals), in the macroeconomic scenario of a monetary union, paying particular attention to the possibility of using fiscal policy rules. Finally, we will perform an empirical application for the Spanish case. From that, we could extrapolate some results to show the effects of fiscal adjustment planned for the period 2013-2016.
The obtained results will allow us to draw conclusions that could be useful for policy makers, in the context of the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU) and the current economic crisis.


—An alternative parameter-free adaptive approach for the grouping of the basis function patterns in the Multi- Level Fast Multipole Method is presented, yielding significant memory savings for most discretizations. Results from both a uniformly and non-uniformly meshed scatterer are presented, showing how the technique is worthwhile even for regular meshes, and demonstrating that there is no loss of accuracy in spite of the large reduction in memory and relatively low computational cost.


Gonadotropic materials known to cause the testis of the ground squirrel (Citellus tridecemlineatus ) to produce spermatozoa and secrete testis hormone are : pituitary substance, Antuitrin-S and blood serum from pregnant mai*es (Wells, '35 a, '37; Wells and Moore, '36; Baker and Johnson, '36). Anterior hypophysis implants in totally hypophysectomized ground squirrels have resulted in sperm production (Wells and Gomez, '37). It was deemed desirable to see if gonadotropic materials other than pituitary substance would affect the reproductive organs in hypophysectomized males of this species. The present papcr reports the response of reproductive organs in liypophysectomized male ground squirrels to administration of the following substances: 1) blood serum from pregnant mares, 2) an extract of urine from pregnant women (Antuitrin-S) and 3) an extract of human male urine (Prospermin). Xost of our results have been abstracted elsewhere ( Wclls and Overholser, '38).


Time-varying data management has been much taken into consideration with either the tuple(object)-timestamping or attribute-time stamping scheme. The first scheme is simpler with first normal form relations; but the second is more expressive and natural with unnormalized tables. However, no existing database management system has supported the handling of attribute timestamping on such unnormalized tables. In addition, even though planned for a long time, standards SQL have not yet been published with any temporal semantics. Moreover, there exists no available environment where both temporal and non-temporal database users work together with different awareness of temporal aspects of a database. Therefore, to facilitate the temporal data management according to users' needs and their own ability in data manipulations, a database system is figured out with several types of database users in this paper. It is a temporal object relational database system following the attribute timestamping scheme, allowing upward compatibility with SQL:2003 and temporal upward compatibility. The implementation is carried out on Oracle 10g without the introduction of any new temporal clauses into SQL:2003. As a result, both temporal and nontemporal database users do not have to make any effort to use this system.


Abstract 4465 Introduction: Stem cell transplantation (SCT) is an effective treatment for hematological diseases and inborn errors of metabolism. Neurological complications in SCT are serious matters, which affect the patients9 survival and quality of life. We analyzed the incidence of neurological complications in patients receiving SCT at the Hokkaido University Hospital to evaluate risk factors relating to the onset of these manifestations. Patients and methods: Between February 1988 and May 2012, a total of 236 patients (149 males and 87 females) received SCT; 188 patients received allogenic SCT, 48 patients received autologlous SCT. All of these patients were included in this study. Mean age was 8.1 years (range, 0–31). Indications for transplantation were hematological malignancies such as acute leukemia and lymphoma in 142 patients, bone marrow failure such as aplastic anemia in 30, malignant solid tumor such as neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma in 36, congenital immunodeficiency in 20, congenital metabolic disorder and brain tumor in 4 each. 213 patients received myeloabelative conditioning (MAC) including total body irradiation (97 patients), 23 patients receiving reduce intensity conditioning (RIC). 116 patients received prophylaxis against graft versus host disease (GVHD) with cyclosporine (CsA) or tacrolimus (Tac) in combination with methotrexate (MTX), 54 patients received CsA or Tac in combination with methylprednisolone, 10 patients received MTX alone, 7 patients received prednisolone or CsA alone. We carefully examined according to the protocol of neurological examination, in Hokkaido university school of medicine department of pediatrics, including (1) mental status including conscious status, orientation emotional reaction, and memory, (2) speech, (3) praxis, (4) gnosia, (5) cranial nerve sign, (6) motor and sensory system, (7) coordination, (8) gait and position, and (9) reflexes. All signs were considered the patients9 age. Results: Among the 236 patients, 57 patients (24.2%) developed neurological symptoms. The neurological events observed in every patient were depicted on the time-course of SCT. The occurrence of the neurological complications seemed to be categorized into 4 on the basis of time of onsets and symptoms: (1) 10 episodes during the conditioning regimen such as convulsion, (2) 17 episodes during hematological recovery such as intracranial hemorrhage, viral encephalitis, syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH), and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES), (3) 24 episodes around 2–3 months after SCT such as PRES, intracranial hemorrhage, viral encephalitis, and SIADH, (4) 28 episodes beyond 3 months after SCT such as mental retardation, leukoencephalopathy and epilepsy. Neurological complications were seen significantly in the patients receiving allogenic SCT (p=0.013), cord blood transplantation (CBT) (p=0.032), and patients with acute GVHD of over grade II (p=0.048). Moreover, overall survival and event free survival showed significant difference between patients with neurological events and those without the events (59.6±3.8% vs 38.8±7.4% (p=0.015) and 54.7±3.8% vs 39.0±6.6% (p=0.026), respectively). No significant differences were observed between patients with neurological events and those without the events in age, sex, diseases (malignancy or non-malignancy), irradiation during the conditioning regimen, and conditioning regimen (MAC or RIC). Conclusion: It was thought that allo-immunoreaction such as GVHD, administration of immunosuppressive drugs, vascular disorder related SCT, and virus reactivation participated in development of neurological complications. Particularly, CBT was significant high risk for neurological complications. High frequent virus reactivation such as human herpes virus 6 might induce significantly high incidence of neurological complications in patients receiving CBT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


The summer is a quiet period for many of us, especially academics without regularly scheduled courses. Coupled with the complexities of traveling during COVID-19, many of us are spending more time at home and are trying to devote some time to more strategic thinking. Here I would like to share with you some thoughts about survey papers versus the tutorials currently found in IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (SPM). I have explained in past editorials about special issues (SIs) [1] and feature articles [2]. While both categories focus on tutorials, the requirements are a bit different. An SI article is at most 20 pages, with 30 references and 10 figures (with subfigures counted as a figure), while a feature article is at most 40 pages, with 50 references and 15 figures (again with subfigures counted as a figure). The reason behind the difference in requirements is that an SI article appears in an issue with a number of other articles on the same topic. It is expected that SI articles are more focused compared with a stand-alone feature article. The editor-in-chief (EIC) of SPM receives many questions, complaints, and criticisms related to the requirements for the magazine's articles. Sadly, at least in my case, the EIC rarely receives any praise for the content in the magazine by authors or readers. I think many complaints arise from the prevalence of electronic publishing. Very few of us have actually opened a paper copy of the transactions recently. The idea of having a page limit seems unreal when there are only bits, not physical pages printed for most IEEE Members. SPM and other IEEE magazines are certainly an exception. They are still printed and optionally mailed to members who choose to receive a paper copy. The magazine has a certain optimal length for each issue around 130–180 pages, which is determined by aesthetics and the binding. Further, the page budget for the magazine is approved every year. The magazine is also prepared and formatted by a special team at IEEE, and articles are edited, figures may be enhanced, etc. In short, page limits are driven in part by the fact that the magazine is still printed on paper. If SPM were only available electronically, would I support having unlimited pages? The answer is no. I believe strongly that page limits are essential in crafting a succinct message. The page limit is like the canvas size. By knowing the size, it is possible to adapt the detail in what you paint accordingly. As readers of SPM come from all backgrounds, a succinct message is often highly appreciated. Many readers see SPM as a relaxing diversion from reading more technical transactions articles. Of course, some readers also see SPM as a more technical departure from traditional magazines like Wired, which rarely have even one equation. The limitations on references is another source of contention. The argument goes something like this: If my article is within the page limitations, why can't I include as many references as I want in the article? This is the situation in transactions, like IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing (TSP), for example, and is familiar to many authors. The main reason is that feature articles or SI articles are tutorials, not surveys. They are meant to introduce a topic and provide perspective. They are not intended to provide a detailed map of all related research contributions and how they relate. I view SPM's audience as wanting to know the key five articles on this topic versus a survey that d iscusses 150 a r ticles and how they relate. It is not to say that survey articles are not valuable to the field. But they do not fit well within the current structure of SPM. What about figure limitations? This is trickier. Figures are quite useful as SPM articles usually explain concepts with as few equations as possible. Why have a limitation on figures? I do not know for sure. In general, I see the limitation as a forcing function to encourage the authors to explain the ideas in a terse way. But I can imagine many potential counterexamples to this. Another reason may be that figures require extra processing steps by the publishing team. However, I am not sure if a few extra figures would drastically change the budget. A final reason may Reflections on Tutorials and Surveys


b -Catenin, a 781–amino acid, 85.5-kDa scaffold protein, serves a range of molecular functions including cell-to-cell adhesion to gene transcription. It is highly evolutionarily conserved and indispensable for embryonic development. bCatenin is a binding partner of adenomatous polyposis coli protein, responsible for degrading b-catenin to prevent its nuclear accumulation and gene transcriptional function (Fig. 1A). Adenomatous polyposis coli is mutated in 80% of colon cancers and is the hereditary mutated gene in familial adenomatous polyposis disorder. b-Catenin is also important for liver development and carcinogenesis. As a key binding partner of Ecadherin in adherens junctions, b-catenin links the cytoskeleton of adjacent epithelial cells. How b-catenin carries out both cytoplasmic and nuclear functions, and the consequences of its dysregulation, remain a subject of much debate. In this original article by Thompson and colleagues, the authors describe a finely tuned interplay between b-catenin and farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in response to cholestatic injury.


However, a few issues need some clarification so that readers can better understand the nature of the SMILES ClO observations and their quality at this stage, all the way down to 100 hPa (or to the tropopause) – and also for polar winter enhanced conditions (e.g., by a sample comparison to other observations, at least), even if this is not meant to be a more detailed validation and intercomparison paper. > In particular, some more information should be provided for the lower stratosphere, or, at a minimum, the paper should state why such information is not being provided for pressures between 10 and 100 hPa, or for the lower stratospheric polar regions during winter (for example). See my related comments regarding Table 3, for example. The focus seems to be more on the diurnal change for the upper portions of the stratosphere (and for the mesosphere). Will the other regions (and more validation) be part of another planned paper in the future? This might be good to point out.


The plasticity of executive function (EF) has been discussed as a core topic in the recent cognitive development research. However, inhibition training research remains inadequate. According to dimensional overlap theory, inhibition has two types: interference and response. The neural networks of the brain that respond to conflicts do not mature until early adulthood. By conducting a comparison of the plasticity of response inhibition between adolescents and adults, the applicable age group for response inhibition training is explored. Introducing online feedback as reinforcement improves the training effects and helps individuals to balance further accuracy and speed. Therefore, we added online feedback in the training groups but used the original Stop Signal task in the active control groups to investigate the training and transfer effects of this task with online feedback. This study included 194 participants (134 adults and 60 adolescents) that were divided into five groups: adult training group ( N = 47), adult active control group ( N = 45), adolescent training group ( N = 30), adolescent active control group ( N = 30), and passive control group ( N = 42). The response inhibition training consisted of nine sessions, and it was held three times a week. In each training session of the adult and adolescent training groups, participants were guided to finish eight blocks (100 trials in each block) of the Stop Signal task with online feedback. In the adult and adolescent active control groups, participants completed the same amount of the Stop Signal task without online feedback. The passive control group received no training. The participants' inhibition, working memory, and fluid intelligence were measured before and after training through six tasks (e.g., Inhibition: Stop Signal Task, Go/No-go Task, and Stroop Task; Working memory: 2-back Task and 3-back Task; and Fluid intelligence: Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices). A 9 (all training sessions) × 2 (training group, active control group) × 2 (adult, adolescent) repeated measure ANOVA was used to test the training effects. Both age groups exhibited improved performances with the continuation of the training sessions. However, the adults performed significantly faster and more accurate than the adolescents. Next, four 2 (pretest, posttest) × 5 (all five groups) repeated measure ANOVA were conducted to test the transfer effects. The transfer effect results revealed that (1) on the Go/No-go task, both training groups showed significant improvement; (2) on the Stroop task, only the adolescent training group showed significant improvement; (3) on the 2-back task, both training groups and the adult active control group improved significantly; (4) on the 3-back task, only the adolescent training group gained significant transfer effects; and (5) on the Raven's Standard Progressive Matrices, no group showed significant improvement. To sum up, the results suggest that the Stop Signal training task with online feedback has produced training effects on both age groups, and the transfer effects are influenced by the age difference of cognitive plasticity and the nature of the task. Thus, adding online feedback to computerized training can effectively improve the training and the transfer effects. Finally, inhibition training has a more formative effect on the pre-adult age.


The present invention, a) as a base pigment, characterized in that it comprises at least one pigment dispersing agent based on at least one diketopyrrolopyrrole and b) sulfonated diketopyrrolopyrrole derivative of formula V pigment preparations and their use for coloring does not cause distortion of the plastic. [Of 15]


............................................................................................................................... ii Dedication ............................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgments................................................................................................................ iv List of Figures ..................................................................................................................... v Chapter 1: Introduction ....................................................................................................... 1 Background, Context, History, and Conceptual Framework for the Problem ........ 3 Statement of the Problem......................................................................................... 6 Purpose of the Study ............................................................................................... 6 Research Questions ................................................................................................. 7 Rationale, Relevance, and Significance of the Study ............................................. 7 Definition of Terms ................................................................................................ 8 Assumptions, Delimitations, and Limitations ........................................................ 10 Expected Findings .................................................................................................. 11 Chapter 1 Summary ................................................................................................ 11 Chapter 2: Literature Review............................................................................................... 12 Conceptual Framework ........................................................................................... 13 Review of Research Literature ................................................................................ 14 Construct One: Homelessness in America .............................................................. 14 Construct Two: The Public School Setting ............................................................. 22 Construct Three: Impact of Homelessness .............................................................. 25 Construct Four: Teacher Perspective ....................................................................... 36 Review of Methodological Issues ............................................................................ 47


Room temperature spectroellipsometric study of TISe was performed in the photon energy region 1.5-4.6eV. The tensor components of the dielectric function spectrum of TlSe were obtained. Interband density-of-states (DOS) derived from XX (YY) and ZZ components of the obtained dielectric function spectrum was then compared with the calculated intraband DOS, taking into account for selection rules and transition probabilities. It is found that contribution of the interband optical transitions in Γ, T and N points quite plausibly explains main structures in the obtained dielectric function spectra. However, some structures cannot be explained due to optical transitions in these symmetry points. A corresponding assignment is given and discussed.


In pace with the enhancement of the social healthy and legal consciousness and the increasing demands for hospitals, the image of hospital would be a key for their sustainable development.Some problems in the aspects of image promotion, role orientation and public relations crisis were discussed, which would be helpful for the construction of hospital image in the future.


Fixed site researches were conducted in tea fields to study the dynamic variation of enzyme activities of soil under natural arid condition.It was found that the activities of different soil enzymes decreased with the prolong of arid days and varied between 1046?% and 3308?%.The activities of soil enzymes were relatively stable in the early days of arid,only catalase activity increased.The urease and catalase activities decreased greatly with the progress of arid,but invertase activity kept relative stable in the all days of arid.


Objective To analyze the recombinant HIV-1 p24 antigen prepared by the authors and lay a foundation of developing diagnostic kit for HIV antibody. Methods National reference for HIV-Ab and normal human sera were detected by ELISA using recombinant p24 as coated antigen. Results The accuracy rates of recombinant p24 antigens used for detecting HIV-Ab positive and negative references were 95% (19/20) and 90%(18/20) respectively. However,no HIV-Ab was detected in 50 specimens of normal human sera. Conclusion The prepared recombinant p24 antigen showed high specificity and sensitivity and was suitable for developing diagnostic kit for HIV-Ab.


This paper considers anomaly detection with multi-view data. Unlike traditional detection on single-view data which identifies anomalies based on inconsistency between instances, multi-view anomaly detection identifies anomalies based on view inconsistency within each instance. Current multi-view detection approaches are mostly unsupervised and transductive. This may have limited performance in many applications, which have labeled normal data and prefer efficient detection on new data. In this paper, we propose an inductive semi-supervised multi-view anomaly detection approach. We design a probabilistic generative model for normal data, which assumes different views of a normal instance are generated from a shared latent factor, conditioned on which the views become independent. We estimate the model by maximizing its likelihood on normal data using the EM algorithm. Then, we apply the model to detect anomalies, which are instances generated with small probabilities. We experiment our approach on nine public data sets under different multi-view anomaly settings, and show it outperforms several state-of-the-art multi-view detection methods.


Confusion still surrounds the issue of supernumerary status. Annette Lankshear recommends a pragmatic approach to the education of Project 2000 students in the wards.


This study aims to explore the theme of creating and managing the store atmosphere of exclusive stores from a customer's point of view. The findings from the study indicate that store atmospheric factors have a significant positive correlation with customer approach behaviors, with intangible factors having the most significant impact among all factors. Store atmospheric factors influence not only customer emotions, but also customer perceptions of commodities and services. Price shows a negative correlation with the customer behavioral response. An important finding of the study reflects that a customer's perceptions and emotional state can affect their behavioral responses and perceptions. Emotional responses act as a moderator between store atmosphere and customer behaviors. A very interesting finding of the study is that the customer behavioral responses are influenced by both social and intangible factors. So, although social factors are difficult to manage, they are of considerable importance to the service provider.


A straightforward analytical scheme is proposed for computing the long-time, asymptotic mean velocity and dispersivity (effective diffusivity) of a particle undergoing a discrete biased random walk on a periodic lattice among an array of immobile, impenetrable obstacles. The results of this Taylor–Aris dispersion-based theory are exact, at least in an asymptotic sense, and furnish an analytical alternative to conventional numerical lattice Monte Carlo simulation techniques. Results obtained for an obstacle-free lattice are employed to establish generic relationships between the transition probabilities, lattice size, and jump time. As an example, the dispersivity is computed for a solute moving through an isotropic array of obstacles under the influence of a finite external field. The calculation scheme is also shown to agree with existing zero-field results, the latter obtained elsewhere either by first-passage time analysis or use of the Nernst–Einstein equation in the zero-field limit. The generality o...


Herein, ab initio density functional theory computations and the self‐consistent solution of one‐band s‐wave generalized Eliashberg equations with proximity effect are combined to explain 60 years old experimental data on how a static electric field can affect the superconductive critical temperature of indium thin films. Although electronic densities of states, Fermi energy shifts, and Eliashberg spectral functions can be computed ab initio, the only parameter in the theory that cannot be determined a priori is the thickness of the surface layer affected by the electric field. However, it is shown that in the weak electrostatic field limit, Thomas–Fermi approximation is valid and, therefore, no free parameters are left, as this perturbed layer is known to have a thickness of the order of the Thomas–Fermi screening length. Moreover, it is shown that the theoretical model can reproduce experimental data, even when the magnitudes of the induced charge densities are so small to be usually neglected.


Drop size distribution (DSD) is an important parameter that completely characterizes the rain and rain generated acoustic energy. This paper presents a simple and efficient method for measuring the DSD of rain by analyzing the low‐frequency components in the spectrum of rain generated acoustic noise underwater. A specially designed sensor assembly captures the acoustic noise produced due to the raindrop impacts on the water surface. Every individual drop produces acoustic noise comprising the low frequency components which has distinct characteristics in the time domain. It has been found that these distinct features vary with the size of the droplets and its velocity. Experimental evidences show that the acoustic energy of the low frequency signal is related to the size of the drops that caused the acoustic noise and, hence, the energy of the drops generated acoustic signal is a measure of the drop size. An algorithm for detecting and computing the energy of these low frequency components leading to the ...


This chapter contains sections titled: Basic Values, Making Value Choices, A World without Humans, Fears of an Environmentalist for Nanotechnology, Hopes of an Environmentalist for Nanotcchnology, References


The quantized feedback control is investigated for nonlinear feedforward systems with unknown control coefficients, unknown output functions and input quantization. The unknown output function is Lipschitz continuous but may not be derivable, the unknown control coefficients are assumed to be bounded, and the input quantization is logarithmic. By combining the backstepping method and the sector bound approach, a time-varying quantized feedback controller is designed and a guideline for choosing the parameter of the input quantizer is provided to guarantee the boundedness and convergence of the closed-loop system states. Finally, a simulation example is presented to show the effectiveness of the control scheme.


Objective:To evaluate the diagnostic value of different parts of the fallopian tube obstruction by using the method of dynamic analysis in hysterosalpingography(HSG) of digital subtraction angiography.Methods:86 cases diagnosed of infertility were performed HSG of DSA,and the imaging data and imaging results were dynamically analyzed.Results:The respective degree of diagnosic sensitivity and specificity in proximal fallopian tube obstruction by using the method of dynamic analysis was 84.61% and 93.89%;the dignostic sensitivity and specificity degrees in hydrosalpinx was 88.23% and 98.52% respectively;and the respective dignostic sensitivity and specificity degree in adhesion of tubal fimbria and peritubal adhesion was 62.89% and 79.45%.Conclusion:By using the method of dynamic analysis,we can observe directly the continuous and dynamic development of the fallopian tube,and can improve the accuracy of diagnosic angiography.


A new technique of superconducting cavity diagnostics has been introduced by D. Hartrill at Cornell University, Ithaca, USA. Oscillating Superleak Transducers (OST) detect the heat transferred from a cavity's quench point via "Second Sound" through the superfluid He bath, needed to cool the superconducting cavity. The observed response of an OST is a complex, but reproducible pattern of oscillations. A small helium evaporation cryostat was built which allows the investigation of the response of an OST in greater detail. The distance between a point-like electrical heater and the OST can be varied. The OST can be mounted either parallel or perpendicular to the plate, housing the heat source. If the artificial quench-point releases an amount of energy compatible to a real quench spot on a cavity's surface, the OST signal starts with a negative pulse, which is usually strong enough to allow automatic detection. Furthermore, the reflection of the Second Sound on the wall is observed. A reflection coefficient R = 0.39 +- 0.05 of the glass wall is measured. This excludes a strong influence of multiple reflections in the complex OST response. Fourier analyses show three main frequencies, found in all OST spectra. They can be interpreted as modes of an oscillating circular membrane.


We have developed an interactive computer modeling tool (DeebSim) for deebrillation device design. This system allows researchers to interactively design and place electrodes within a large-scale thorax model and then compute the electric and potential elds using an adap-tive nite element method. Both visual and quantitative measures have been developed to determine the eecacy of diierent electrode conngurations. This tool has allowed us to quickly and eeciently investigate over 170 diierent electrode conngurations. A promising subset of electrode locations are now being tested in animals as well as in clinical environments.


Spatial resolution is one of the parameters that engineers designing digital displays must consider. Three experiments are described that investigate the effects of vertical spatial resolution and the interrelated parameters, pixel height and display height, on the visibility of straight vertical line signals in visual noise. A signal detection analysis of the results showed that detection efficiency was unaffected by vertical resolution and pixel height, whereas an increase in display/signal height resulted in a decline in efficiency. The decline is attributed to the increasing difficulty the visual system encounters when integrating luminance over an increasing spatial extent. It is suggested that in practical digital displays of the kind described here, pixels should be as short as possible in order that the available display information be compressed into the smallest possible height.


The ability to search for information effectively is one of the key skills of a person in the modern society. A general trend in the development of educational systems is their reorientation to the formation of self-education skills, training strategies for working with information. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the possibility of using the potential of the constructivist approach in teaching information and search activities to high school students. In the context of the constructivist approach, the concepts of "information search activity" are clarified, the pedagogical conditions for the formation of the ability to carry out information search are developed and justified. The authors describe the structure of readiness for self-organization of information search activity, it includes motivational, procedural and reflexive components, as well as evaluation and diagnostic tools for studying the level of the formation of high school students' readiness for self-organization of information search. The article describes a model developed by the authors on the basis of the ideas of pedagogical constructivism and metacognitive learning for the formation of high school students ' readiness for self-organization of information and search activities, which is based on the integration into the educational process of a set of special exercises and optional tasks, testing and reflection of their own information and search activities. Within the framework of the experiment, methods of problem-based, project-based, and reflexive learning, as well as teaching metacognitive strategies for interacting with information, were implemented into the subjects of the social and arts cycle. The conducted experimental research indicates the possibility of forming the readiness of high school students to self-organize information and search activities on the basis of teaching metacognitive strategies in working with information (search, selection, comprehension, development, transformation) in the process of studying the disciplines of the social and arts cycle in the comprehensive school.


A genuine continuum treatment of the massive φ41+1-theory in light-cone quantization is proposed. Fields are treated as operator valued distributions thereby leading to a mathematically well defined handling of ultraviolet and light cone induced infrared divergences and of their renormalization. Although non-perturbative the continuum light cone approach is no more complex than usual perturbation theory in lowest order. Relative to discretized light cone quantization, the critical coupling increases by 30% to a value r = 1.5. Conventional perturbation theory at the corresponding order yields r1 = 1, whereas the RG improved fourth order result is r4 = 1.8± 0.05. PM 97/18, June 1997 PACS : 11.10.Ef, 11.10.St, 11.30.Rd


For face recognition, Gabor features are effectively used. But, only a few approaches used Gabor phase features and they are performing worse than the Gabor magnitude features. To determine the potential of Gabor phase and its fusion with magnitude for face recognition, in this paper, we have proposed local Gabor XOR pattern (LGXP) operator, which encode Gabor phase. Then we introduce block-based Fisher's linear discriminant (BFLD) for reduce dimensionality of proposed operator and at same time discriminative power also get enhanced. At last, by using BFLD we fuse Gabor phase and Gabor magnitude for face recognition. We evaluate our method for FERET database. Also, we perform comparative experimental studies of different local patterns. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i3.279 Full Text: PDF


Achieving required performance, quality and reliability is a key factor for the success and adoption of 3D printing technology in electronics manufacturing applications. This paper details the currents status of 3D-Printing with regards different technologies and their potential use in electronic manufacturing and packaging. The paper also presents modelling methodologies and toolsets that can help addressing these 3D inkjet printing process challenges. In particular, modelling the structural behaviour of typical printed electronics structures, and condition based monitoring (CBM) for product quality/performance using machine learning techniques.


Verrucous epidermal nevus is a common type of keratinocyte hamartoma present at birth or occurring later in life. Widespread multiple epidermal nevi (EN) may reflect genetic or chromosomal mosaicism. Blaschko has documented characteristic linear, zosteriform, unilateral or systematized patterns with streaks and swirls. They are resistant to treatment with the risk of recurrence. Giant congenital nevus unius lateralis (NUL) is known for its benign course with good supportive treatment however one particular case had a fatal neonatal outcome due to associated complications. Two interesting rare cases will be reviewed here.


Arching means the formation of a material layer in the granular assembly – caused by the load acting on it – which is capable to bear the load arising from the material above. The appearance of arches on the one hand holds up the flow of granular mate-rial (e.g. the discharge of containers), and on the other hand results overload on the container walls, sometimes causing the collapse of the container. We created a new model of the arching phenomena. With the use of this new model, our estimations were in better correlation with the measurements, than the results found in the literature.


The theme of this latest number of Transtext(e)sTranscultures provides the occasion to remove a misunderstanding regarding the meaning of the concept transcultural, primarily by indicating that which it does not mean. To be quite clear, "transcultural studies" in our theoretical imaginary is diametrically opposed to that which substitutes the substantive intercultural for transcultural; intercultural being a term frequently considered, owing to a lack of intellectual rigour or to just plain i...


This study empirically analyses the effect that the bankruptcy law has on firms' performance based on its financial situation. To do this, we considered the different types of efficiency and their influence on firms' value. The study was carried out for Germany, Spain, the United States, France and the United Kingdom. We applied System‐GMM estimation to dynamic panel data. The main results show that under creditor‐oriented systems, there is a decrease in the value of both financially distressed firms and those filing for bankruptcy.


Objectives: The objective of the study is to know the presence of biofilm-producing organisms in the middle ear mucosa in chronic otitis media (COM) mucosal disease and their antibiotic sensitivity. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective comparative study conducted on 100 patients who underwent tympanoplasty. They were divided into two groups: Group 1 included mucosal active disease (50) and Group 2 included mucosal inactive (50). During surgery, a biopsy from the middle ear mucosa was taken and sent for culture and sensitivity and tested for their biofilm-forming capability using tissue culture plate method. Results: In Group 1, 17 cultures were biofilm-producing organisms and 14 were non/weak biofilm-producing organisms. In Group 2, 14 were biofilm producing and 8 were non/weak biofilm producing. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most sensitive drug for Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Staphylococcus epidermidis irrespective of their biofilm-producing capability. Linezolid had showed 100% sensitivity for Staphylococcus aureus. Ciprofloxacin was the most resistant drug irrespective of organisms and their biofilm-forming capability.Conclusion: P. aeruginosa and S. aureus are the common organisms present in the mucosa of the middle ear in COM. Piperacillin-tazobactam is the most sensitive drug for middle ear infection. The most resistant drug is ciprofloxacin.


Punaluu Bay, on the southeastern coast of the Big Island of Hawaii, has a famous black-sand beach formed when molten lava reached the ocean, cooled rapidly and exploded into tiny black fragments that make up the black sand. Once the site of a major traditional Hawaiian settlement, and then a sugar port, Punaluu is now a popular tourist spot and is a refuge for green sea turtles and hawksbill turtles.


Introduction: Literature establishes negative public health impact of bullying. Bullies and bully-victims are more likely to engage in a cluster of other delinquent behaviors. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine correlates of bullying victimization among school-going adolescents in Algeria. Materials and Methods: The study analyzed data from the 2011 Global School-Based Health Survey conducted among in-school adolescents in Algeria. Logistic regression analyzes were used to estimate associations between bullying victimization and selected variables. Results: A total of 4532 students participated in the survey of which 48.1% were males. Bullying victimization was estimated at 51.1% (47.2% among males and 54.9% among females). Males were 28% less likely to be bullied compared to females. Overall, adolescents aged Conclusion: Bullying victimization is frequent among Algerian in-school adolescents. This calls for a concerted effort to prevent and control bullying behavior using interventions that are gender sensitive.


In this essay, socialization and personality development are put in the context of the central issue of voluntaristic action theory–namely, the conditions under which the integration of social order and individual autonomy is possible. The theory of the interpenetration of man's basic organic structure and his natural, social, and cultural environments constitutes the essence of the answer to this problem in voluntaristic action theory. This theoretical core of voluntaristic action theory has its roots in Kant's critical philosophy. Emile Durkheim provided this theory with its first specific formulation concerning the question of the relationship between socialization and personality development. This formulation shows a clear convergence with the writings of other classic authors on socialization theory. The first part of this study aims to elucidate Durkheim's contribution, with side-glances at other classic theorists to show points of agreement with him. In the second part, socialization and personality development will be dealt with systematically. Finally, in the third part, various forms of deviation from the ideal case of the integration of social order and individual autonomy will be treated: the types of malintegration between individual and society and the constellation of their causes.


The preliminary results of application of automatic recognition of isolated words to objective evaluation of speech transmission quality in analog telephone channels are presented. A memoryless, finite state recognition system with LPC, FFT, and BF‐FFT (where the speech signal was filtered in Bark bands) parametrization was applied. In classification stage a dynamic time warping and nearest‐neighbor algorithm were utilized. Nonsense word lists consisting of 100 logotoms were recorded in a studio by a professional male speaker and utilized next as a test material. Speech transmission quality was examined in laboratory models of telephone channels with frequency bands of 300–3400, 400–2500, and 100–6000 Hz for speech‐to‐white‐noise ratios in the range of +15 to −15 dB. The results of objective measurements expressed in percent of logotoms correctly recognized by the recognition system were compared under the same transmission conditions with subjectively measured logotom intelligibility. The best agreement ...


The incidence of symptomatic glioma neuraxis dissemination has been increasing. In this study we evaluated the clinical incidence and characteristics of dissemination and effects on patient outcome. Patients treated for 229 primary malignant gliomas between 1993 and 2004 were followed until December 31, 2004. Brain magnetic resonance imaging of all patients was obtained every 3 and 6 months. Signs and symptoms of neuraxis dissemination were evaluated at monthly outpatient examinations. A spinal magnetic resonance was performed if there were any symptoms indicating spinal dissemination. The incidence of neuraxis dissemination was 3% (7/229). There was 1 patient with anaplastic oligodendroglioma and 6 patients with glioblastomas. The patient age ranged from 25 to 57 years (mean 36.5 y). The location of the tumors was frontal in 3 cases, temporal in 3 cases, and at the thalamus in 1 case. The pathologic labeling index (MIB1) was from 8% to 40%. Clinical manifestations included: headache in 4 cases, back pain in 4 cases, intractable vomiting in 3 cases, and gait disturbance in 1 case. The mean survival time for patients was 2.5 months. In conclusion, patients with neuraxis dissemination tended to be younger than glioma patients without dissemination. Because of the short survival time, patients deserve optimal pain management and dedicated palliative care.


The goal of the present study was to investigate age-related changes in attentional allocation for shared task representations during joint performance; event-related potentials were recorded while participants performed a modified visual three-stimulus oddball task, both alone and together with another participant. Younger adults and older adults (14 each) participated in the study. Participants were required to identify rare target stimuli while ignoring frequent standards, as well as rare non-targets assigned to a partner's action (i.e., no-go stimuli for one's own task). ERP component, nogo-P3 and P3b were measured to investigate the inhibition and the attentional allocation to the partner's stimuli. Results showed that younger adults elicited larger frontal nogo P3 and parietal P3b for non-targets in the joint than in the individual condition. Contrary to expectation, older adults induced frontal no-go P3 in the joint condition not in the individual condition. In the sharing of the task with another, the result suggested that the efficiency of matching of incoming information with the representation of the other's task declined with age, whereas aging did not affect the suppression of incorrect preparation of motor responses instigated by this representation.


In this paper, we consider the problem of estimating motion and shape parameters of a plane undergoing three different motion models using both a CCD camera and a laser range finder. The camera observes features on the moving plane perspectively or orthographically. The laser range finder observes a cross section of the plane as a line. We use this time-varying line information for the estimation problem of motion and shape parameters, and obtain the extent to which motion and shape parameters can be estimated.