Deduction relation naturally connecting a set Γ of hypotheses with a conclusion A, usually denoted by Γ ` A, presents a basic notion of traditional logic. The framework of approximative and vague reasoning needs a new concept of such a connection enabling to express that 'A follows from Γ with probability p'. In this paper, following the Gentzen's approach to the formalization of the deduction relation, we introduce a system LKprob(ε) making it possible to work with the expressions of the form Γ `n ∆, a generalization of Gentzen's sequents Γ ` ∆ enriched by the Suppes–style formulae, meaning that 'the truthfulness probability of the sequent Γ ` ∆ is greater than or equal to 1− nε', for a given small real ε > 0 and any natural number n. We prove that our system is sound and complete with respect to the Carnap–Popper–type probability models. The results contained in this paper were partially presented at the European Summer Meetings of Association for Symbolic Logic, Logic Colloquium 2012, held in Manchester on July 12–18, 2012 (Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Vol. 20, No. 3, 2015, pp. 401–402 (Abstract)), and Logic Colloquium 2014, held in Vienna on July 14–19, 2014 (Bulletin of Symbolic Logic, Vol. 21, No. 1, 2014, p. 60 (Abstract)). AMS 2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 03B48, 03B50, 03B05, 03B55.


The Portuguese and the Spanish urban systems have developed with their backs to each other as the result of the different historical development of the two nation-states of the Iberian Peninsula. Since 1986, the date of Spain and Portugal's integration into the European Com-munity, both countries have witnessed the blurring of their common border and the subse-quent appearance and consolidation of several Spanish-Portuguese axes of urban develop-ment. The most important of them all: the Atlantic Axis (A Coruna-Vigo-Porto) will be the subject matter of this paper.


PURPOSE
To develop a tool enabling soft tissue based image guidance using dual energy radiographs for cases when on-board CT is not available.

METHOD
Dual energy planar radiographs can be applied to image guidance for targeting lung lesions because the bone based alignment only may not be sufficient as the lesions move. We acquired images of an anthropomorphic thorax phantom at 120 and 60 KVp respectively. Using a weighted logarithmic subtraction of these dual energy images, a soft tissue enhanced and a bone enhanced image were generated and they could be used for the image guidance purpose. Similar processing was also applied to a dual energy image set acquired for a patient undergoing a proton therapy.

RESULTS
The soft tissue enhanced images suppressed bones (ribs and scapula) overlying on lung, thus enabling a better visualization of soft tissue and lesion, while the bone enhanced image suppressed the soft tissue. These enhanced effects were visually apparent without further processing for display enhancements, such as using histogram or edge enhancement technique.

CONCLUSIONS
The phantom image processing was encouraging. The initial test on the patient image set showed that other post processing might still be able to add value in visualizing soft tissues in addition to the dual energy soft tissue enhancement. More evaluations are needed to determine the potential benefit of this technique in the clinic.


.S 33919067 Background and Objectives: In any educational system, the optimal output of educational approach is of particular importance. Therefore, considering the personality of individuals and providing educational services in accordance with their characteristics are effective factors in learning and educational efficiency improvement. Analyzing the data related to learners' behavior in an educational environment and implicitly discovering the learners' personality based on their behavior is a well-noticed field of study in recent years. Over the last few years, using learners' information such as number of friends, the level of activities in educational forum, writing style, study duration, the difficulty of solved problem, the difficulty of presented example by learners, number of clicks, number of signs in sentences, and the time spent doing homework are items that have been used to identify personal characteristics. This study aimed at using teammates' changing/not changing data in order to identify learners' personality. For this purpose, the teammates' changing/not changing data extracted from a dynamic collaborative learning environment that allows leaners to change their teammate during the different sessions of learning, are used. The design and implementation of the mentioned dynamic of the collaborative learning environment is based on game theory. Game theory provides mathematical models of conflict and collaboration between intelligent rational decision-makers. Methods: In this paper, we collected teammates' changing/not changing information of 119 randomly selected computer engineering students from a game theoretical dynamic collaborative learning environment. At the next step, using frequent pattern mining, as a tool of data mining, some aspects of the neo big 5 personality traits of learners were identified. In this survey, in order to evaluate the results, the extracted patterns from frequent pattern mining were compared with the neo big 5 personality questionnaire that had been filled by learners. In another part of the research, using the Laplace's rule of succession, valuable predictions were made about the probability of teammate's changing of learners during the learning process. Findings: In this study, using frequent pattern mining in learners' behaviour, we identified some neo big 5 personality traits such as those in the first (neuroticism), second (extraversion), and third (openness to experience) dimensions, with an acceptable support value. The results of this part of research can be used in any adaptive learning environment that adapt the learning process for individual learners with different personality. At the next step of our study, we predicted the probability of the teammate changing in the sessions after. At this step, a prediction accuracy of up to 67.44% was achieved. Using the results of this part, teammate suggestion can be made to learner based on likelihood of their teammates' changing. That is, higher teammate changing probability, more appropriate teammate suggestion to learner. Conclusion: The results of the present study can be used in any adaptive system that requires predicting group change behaviour or identifying personality dimensions based on behaviour. In the continuation of the present study, more and more accurate predictions about personality traits can be made by using other information such as group change time and group


Zombies have enjoyed a popularity and longevity afforded to few other subgenres of horror in the Western culture. The living dead are a device to criticize real-world social ills, such as government ineptitude, racism, slavery, greed and exploitation, while indulging our post-apocalyptic fantasies. George A. Romero directed the black-and-white Night of the Living Dead in 1968, which turned zombies into metaphors for social decays and shifted them into the focal point of horror films. The film dramatizes the bewildering and uncanny transformation of human beings into the living dead. It also unsettles the audience through its focus on the taboo subject of cannibalism. Film historian Robin Wood sees the flesh-eating scenes of Night of the Living Dead as a late-1960s critique of American capitalism. Some critics say zombies reflect the return of the repressed. In this regard, zombies represent the younger generation of Americans in the late 1960s who wanted to overthrow traditions and replace them with a new social order. Romero explained that his movies are about revolution in the broadest sense in which a new society replaces the old and devours it. Night of the Living Dead is a horror film where all classical conventions have been cut out. The lead role of Ben was played by Duane Jones, an unknown black actor. Even the idea of a black hero at the time was something new and revolutionary. The surprising death of Ben at the end of the film offered audiences an uncomfortable, nihilistic feeling unusual for the genre. Dawn of the Dead, Romero's second zombie film, is a satire on consumerism. In 1974, Romero was invited by his friend Mark Mason to visit the Monroeville Mall, which Mason's company managed. That is where the idea of the film came from. A shopping mall is a quintessential suburban American symbol. In this movie, even the zombies can't forget habits they had before dying. They wander aimlessly inside the mall just because they remember the place as an important part of their lives. They are the consumer zombies. As Peter says, "They are us." Romero's two films have had much influence on later zombie films. Edgar Wright's Shaun of the Dead relates directly to the plots of Romero's zombie films and the title is also both an obvious parody of and homage to the title Dawn of the Dead. The black-humored film, a so-called rom-zom-com, also brings a distinctive Englishness to the genre. Wright tries to deconstruct the traditional dichotomy between human beings and zombies by making zombies live with human beings as well as by making his characters imitate zombies in his film. Romero has been working outside of the Hollywood studio system for his entire career. He chose zombies to criticize the social ills and the abuse of power in the Western societies. They are regularly encountered in horror and fantasy themed fiction and entertainment as a symbol of subversion and resistance against the social decay of the modern society.


Mammographic density (MD)-the amount of radio-dense fibroglandular tissue seen on a mammogram - is a stronger biomarker of susceptibility to breast cancer and a major determinant of the sensitivity of mammographic screening. This study examined for the first time racial differences in MD in Brazil.

 555 women (215 from the Longitudinal Study of Adult Health - ELSA-Brasil and 340 users of the Unified Health System - SUS) in Bahia were enrolled into the study. Participants completed an interview, had their heights and weights measured, and underwent a 2-view (cranio-caudal (CC) and medio-lateral-oblique (MLO)) digital mammography of each breast. MD was measured on the left MLO image using the semi-automated Cumulus software, and expressed as the percentage (PMD) of the breast area occupied by fibroglandular tissue. Linear regression models were fitted to assess ethnicity-PMD associations adjusting for age at mammography, body mass index (BMI) and reading batch (minimally-adjusted) and further for socio-economic and reproductive variables.

 The study population comprised 95 White (W), 270 Brown-mixed (Bm) and 169 Black (B) women, with a mean age at mammography of 58 (SD = 5.4) years. 63% W, 69% Bm and 49% B women had low educational level; 24% W, 47% Bm and 31% B women had ≥4 children. Minimally-adjusted analysis showed that relative to W women, PMD was 23% (1.23; 95% CI 1.04-1.45) higher in Bm and 4% (1.04; 0.89-1.21) higher in B; however, further adjustment for socio-economic and reproductive variables attenuated the racial differences (fully-adjusted model: 16% (1.16; 0.96-1.40) and 9% (1.09; 0.92-1.29) for Bm and B, respectively.

 The racial differences in PMD were mainly accounted by ethnic differences in socio-economic and reproductive-related factors.
 Implications Further studies should examine whether racial differences in PMD in Brazil lead to racial differences in false negative and interval cancer rates of mammographic screening.

 In Brazil, ethnic differences in socio-economic and reproductive-related factors are responsible for racial differences in mammographic density. More research is needed to address racial differences in breast cancer risk in Brazil.


In the state of the stress,macrophage apoptosis is increased,function of secretion disordered and the ability of antigen-presenting redused,so the defense system is significantly reduced.This is one rea-son of complications including infection,sepsis,systemic inflammatory response syndrome and multiple or-gan failure.But mild heat stress may promote the immunological function of splenic macrophage.

Key words:
stress; macrophage; immune


This article looks at Colossians 2–3:17 and John 17:13–26 as the base texts to see the commonalities between Johannine and Pauline conceptions of Theosis. First, the article looks at indwelling and participation as the methods of Theosis in the two traditions. Second, the role of mimesis is seen to be integral in these texts' concepts of Theosis. Third, the article looks at hope and glory that believers have and look forward to as indicative of their deification. The study begins by defining the term Theosis and its cognate terms – deification and divinisation – properly, within an Orthodox Christian context.Contribution: The goal is to see and detail the concept of Theosis in Pauline and Johannine literature, looking at Colossians 2–3:17 and John 17:13–26 specifically. As such, the present study will broaden the discussion the doctrine of Theosis as it appears in the Christian scriptures.


Competition and cooperation are two fundamental market processes and are often viewed as independent opposites. However, there is evidence that they are interdependent, and this interdependence affects market dynamics. To understand market dynamics, we need to explicitly consider the interaction between competition and cooperation. A philosophy that might be helpful is Taoism according to which opposite elements of Yin and Yang continuously interact. The purpose of this article is to investigate how Yin–Yang principles in terms of the interaction between competition and cooperation might improve our understanding of market dynamics. The theoretical reference frame is based on a business network perspective on markets and literature on the interaction between cooperation and competition. An exploratory case study of relations between four Finnish small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) is also used. Based on the Yin–Yang principles, the literature, and the case study, propositions about the nature of interaction between competition and cooperation are developed. These propositions are then used as a basis to outline further research opportunities on market dynamics.


An objective method to evaluate the erythrocytes in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in traumatic tap is described. In newborn infants with intracranial bleeding the CSF mean corpuscular volume (MCV) values are lower than the peripheral blood MCV, but in patients with traumatic tap, the CSF and blood MCV values are similar.


Part 1 An entomopathogenic fungus, Paecilomyces lilacinus, was found to grow on chitosanase-detecting plates. Besides an endo-chitosanase, an exo-β-D-glucosaminidase was purified by cation-exchange chromatography from this microorganism cultivated in M9 minimal media containing 0.5% chitosan as the sole carbon source. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 95 kDa; the optimum pH and temperature for activity are 6.0 and 45°C, respectively. The purified exo-β-D-GlcNase promotes the hydrolysis of 95% deacetylated chitosan from its non-reducing end and liberates 2-amino-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcN) as the sole product; however, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-D-glucopyranose (GlcNAc) was not detected when chitin was used as the substrate. The cleavage pattern was confirmed by using real-time mass spectrometry shows that exo-β-D-glucosaminidase cleaves the glycosidic bonds between GlcN-GlcN and GlcN-GlcNAc but not between GlcNAc-GlcN or GlcNAc-GlcNAc. In the presence of a 10% solution of various alcohols, many alkyl-β-D-glucosaminides were obtained, indicating that exo-β-D-glucosaminidase is a retaining enzyme. Part 2 The study is separated into two sections. In the first section, we screened out the artificial antibody ─ PCTscFv from phage display library which was using procalcitonin (PCT) as antigen. PCT is an important bio-marker for diagnosing sepsis. After modifying fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) on PCTscFv and rhodamine on PCT, the recognition ability between PCTscFv and PCT was comfirmed by analyzing fluorescence spectra of fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET) phenomenon. And the equilibrium dissociation constant was calculated according to the fluorescenc spectra and Benesi-Hildebrand equation, KD = 16.4 (□M), respectively. After immobilized PCTscFv on quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) chip, the recognition ability between PCTscFv and PCT was comfirmed by QCM, and the detection limit of PCT concentration reached 10-10 g/mL. KD was calculated according to Langmuir isotherm equation, KD = 10.8 (nM). Furthermore, we successfully detected low concentration of PCT (10-10 g/mL) in human serum by adding anti-PCT antibody to amplify QCM signal. In the second section, we used VH (BPA) and VL (BPA) screened from phage display library, provided by Dr. Ueda, for detecting small molecule bisphenol A (BPA), which is one of the most common reagent for plastics producing. BPA may release into water or food plastic containers and cause different diseases. We fused maltose binding protein (MBP) to N terminal of VH or VL for better protein solubility, resulting in MBP_VH and MBP_VL. Then we used the open-sandwich immuno-assay (OSIA) technique to detect BPA on different platforms. After using OSIA technique combined with surface plasmon resonance spectrum (SPR) detection, we noticed that the 20% -COOH self-assembly monolayers (SAM) chip performenced the better detection range of BPA concentration, and the detection of BPA concentration could reach to 10-15 M, which is lower than other methods used nowadays. And this detection system also showed the specificity toward other molecules such as ethylphenol, tyramine and dopamine, which structures are similar to BPA. According to QCM combined with OSIA detections, the results comfirmed only when BPA exsisted that could form the sandwich structure MBP_VL-BPA-MBP_VH, and the detection limit of BPA is 10-10 M. This system also showed the specificity of recognizing BPA. Ultimatly, we immobilized MBP_VH and MBP_VL individually on gold nanoparticles (AuNP), forming AuNP-MBP_VH and AuNP-MBP_VL. After adding BPA into the mix solution of AuNP-MBP_VH and AuNP-MBP_VL, the color of AuNP was changed from red to dark purple according to the forming of sandwich structure leading AuNP to aggregate. AuNP method can detect BPA concentration to 10-9 ~ 10-10 M which is equal to 0.023 ~ 0.23 ppb. Besides, AuNP detection is a easy, quick and simple operation. The artificial antibody screened from phage display library can provide effiecient recognizations on either big molecule or small molecule antigens with high specificities. Furthermore, the phage display library screening and artificial antibody producing processes takes less time than traditional one. We firmly believe this system can provide a new direction for bio-recognization and bio-sensing.


This paper investigates the tracking control problem for a class of pure‐feedback systems with unmodeled dynamics. The useful properties of the fuzzy basis functions and membership are explored to be used for stability analysis, and an alternative Lyapunov function depending on both control input and system state is utilized. Then, an adaptive fuzzy controller is designed to ensure that the tracking error is within a small adjustable neighborhood of the origin, where some conventional assumptions imposed on the unmodeled dynamics have been relaxed. Finally, simulation results are given to validate the theoretical results.


Background: GvHD and opportunistic infections are the major causes of morbidity and mortality in cancer patients treated with allogeneic BMT. In allogeneic BMT patients, donor derived T-cells help eradicate residual cancer and fight against opportunistic infections but they also cause the major deleterious effects, including GvHD which is the result of host allo-antigens recognition by the donor T-cells. Moreover, donor T-cells also play a critical role in promoting stem cell engraftment, encouraging rapid recovery of cellular immunity, and decreasing the probability of disease relapse. Thus, to establish a therapeutically useful adoptive immunotherapy using donor T-cells, separation of the beneficial anti-opportunistic infection and anti-tumor effects of donor T-cells from the deleterious GvHD effect are highly desirable. We previously showed that amotosalen-treated splenocytes rescued recipients from a lethal dose of MCMV administered on day 0 in experimental parent to F1 allogeneic bone marrow transplant (BMT). To model early post-transplant CMV reaction, in this study, we investigated the anti-viral immune responses and GvHD activity of treated donor T-cells after infecting allogeneic BMT recipients with a lethal dose of MCMV on 7 days post transplant.

Methods: Using a parent to F1 mouse BMT model, splenocytes (3×106 untreated or 10×106 amotosalen-treated) harvested from the MCMV immunized C57BL/6 donors were transplanted along with 5×106 T-cell depleted bone marrow (TCD BM) from naive congeneic mice into lethally irradiated (11Gy) CB6F1 (C57BL/6 × Balb/C) recipients. Recipient mice were infected i.p. with a sublethal dose (5×104 pfu per mouse) of MCMV 7 days after transplant. Flow cytometry was used to quantitate T cell chimerism (in recipient spleen and thymus) and MCMV-peptide specific tetramer+ CD8+ T-cells. Serum IFN-γ and TNF-α were determined by ELISA. Liver viral load was determined by counting PFU in tissue homogenates plated onto 3T3 confluent monolayers.

Results: MCMV infection in recipients of amotosalen-treated splenocytes did not cause any mortality whereas recipients of untreated splenocytes had 40% early mortality due to acute GvHD. Like the recipients of untreated splenocytes, recipients of amotosalen-treated splenocytes effectively cleared MCMV from their liver within 10 days of infection. In contrast to full donor chimerism in recipients of untreated splenocytes, recipients of amotosalen-treated splenocytes showed mixed chimerism with donor spleen- and host-derived MCMV peptide specific tetramer+ CD8+ T cells that proliferated following day 7 post MCMV infection. Significantly higher numbers of host derived CD4−CD8− (DN) TCRαβT-cells appeared in the spleen with peak on day 3 post MCMV infection among recipients of amotosalen-treated splenocytes compared with the recipients of untreated splenocytes. Lower levels of serum IFN-γ and TNF-α and preservation of thymic function were also noted in the recipients of amotosalen-treated splenocytes compared with the recipients of untreated splenocytes following MCMV infection.

Conclusion: Adoptive immunotherapy with amotosalen-treated T cells is an ideal therapeutic approach that facilitates early hematopoietic engraftment, anti-viral donor immune reconstitution and preserves early post-transplant host immunity leading to protection from lethal viral infection without causing aGvHD.


THE EFFECTS OF A LIFE-STRESS INTERVIEW FOR WOMEN WITH CHRONIC UROGENITAL PAIN: A RANDOMIZED TRIAL by JENNIFER N. CARTY August 2016 Advisor: Dr. Mark A. Lumley, Ph.D. Major: Psychology (Clinical) Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Chronic urogenital pain, pressure, and dysfunction are common, affecting nearly one in seven women in the U.S., who are commonly diagnosed with pelvic floor dysfunction, painful bladder syndrome, or interstitial cystitis. Women with these symptoms tend to have co-morbid anxiety and depression, relatively high rates of lifetime trauma and abuse, and conflicts or stress from key relationships. There is theory and evidence indicating that unresolved abuse or emotional conflicts can trigger or exacerbate urogenital pain and other symptoms (Abbass, 2009), but assessment of the presence and role of psychological stress is rarely done in women's health care settings. When mental health is assessed, it is typically done using brief self-report measures, which do not provide a comprehensive view of stress, emotions, and health, motivate patients to change, or relieve their symptoms. There is little research on procedures for assessing stress, emotional processes, and their effect on physical symptoms in medical settings. We created a comprehensive life-stress interview that focuses on increasing awareness of the links between stress, emotions, psychological conflicts and physical health through use of experiential techniques. We hypothesized that engaging in life-stress interview would increase awareness and


1. The Quaternary Period 2. Geomorphological Evidence 3. Lithological Evidence 4. Biological Evidence 5. Dating Methods 6. Approaches to Quaternary Stratigraphy and Correlation 7. The Last Interglacial-Glacial Cycle (130-10 ka BP)


Background: This study compares the gingival papillary dimensions in areas restored with external hexagon and Morse taper unitary implants and in healthy natural dentition. The distance from the bone crest (BC) to the contact point (CP) and the distance from the implant platform to the axial wall of the adjacent tooth influenced the papillary extension. Materials and Methods: Jemt's index (1997) was used to classify the gingival papillae in 4 height levels: 0 absent papilla; 1 papilla occupies less than half the distance from its base to the CP; 2 papilla occupies more than half this distance but not the entire interproximal space; 3 interproximal space completely occupied. The sample consisted of 27 proximal areas between natural teeth, 25 proximal areas to external hexagons, and 22 proximal areas to Morse taper. Patients were clinically evaluated to assess presence total or partial or absence of the gingival papilla. Radiographies were taken with the adaptation of metallic millimetric meshes for the measurements. Results: Regarding papillary height scores, no significant difference was observed between groups (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Group 3 rehabilitated with Morse taper implants had a better index of papillary fill and the larger the distance between the CP to the BC, the smaller the papillary score. Further research with larger sample size is of paramount importance. Key  Words: Dental implantations, dental papilla, gingiva, periodontium Introduction Smiling is one of the most important facial expressions and nonverbal communication, with an essential role in interpersonal relationships. On natural dentition, the interdental papilla is the portion of the gingiva found between two adjacent teeth. Its lateral margins and tip are formed by the marginal gingiva, and the deepest region is formed by inserted gingiva. Until the 1960's, the papilla was believed to have a protective function to the interproximal area. It was then discovered that the papilla was more complex, acting not only as a biological barrier but also playing a role in esthetics, phonetics, and preventing food impaction.1 For the last 30 years, the replacement of lost teeth with dental implants has become a viable and predictable solution for fixed or removable dental prosthesis.2-4 Success of buccal rehabilitation with implantation depends highly on the implant components integration with the mouth tissues, both soft and hard. The loss of the bone crest (BC) and, as a result, of the interproximal papilla, is often found in the 1st year after the implantation, followed by a minimum bone loss, not higher than 0.2 mm annually. Six possible etiologic factors were described: Surgical trauma, occlusal overload, periimplantitis, micro-distance, biological distance, and implant anatomy at the crest region.5,6 The distance between the BC and the interproximal contact point (CP) is also a determining factor for health and esthetics of the gingival papilla since it significantly influences the presence of interproximal gingival papilla, both in natural dentition and unitary implant restored areas, at the anterior region of the maxilla.7 In this context, different types of implant connections may also influence the development, maintenance, and anatomy of the gingival papilla given the different types of forces created at the interface between the implant and prosthetic component. This study aims to analyze, through clinical and radiological observations, the presence of gingival papilla adjacent to unitary implants with Morse taper and external hexagon prosthetic platforms at the esthetic region of the maxilla, correlating this with vertical (height) and horizontal (width) distance, periodontal/peri-implant biotype, and adjacent prosthetic tooth/crown. Materials and Methods For this clinical study, patients were subjected to clinical exam followed by radiographic exam. Doi: 10.2047/jioh-08-09-09


Remote sensing is actively used in observation of the nature. Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) systems are capable of obtaining physical based data under day/night and clear/cloudy sky situations. With sensitivity over the physical changes, they have importance in monitoring of agricultural areas. Paddy rice has been a widely used crop in the World, which requires wetland areas. In Turkey, it is mainly irrigated in Edirne and Samsun. With its importance in World's agricultural economy, researches regarding the precision farming of rice increased significantly, which includes remote sensing methods. Here, the effect of phenological changes during growth of rice over dual-pol SAR (phase + amplitude) data are discussed. Fields that are located in Ipsala (Edirne) are chosen as test-site. Ground measurements are conducted during May-September 2013. SAR data that are used to explain the physical changes, are obtained in horizontal-horizontal and vertical-vertical polarization configurations from TerraSAR-X (TSX) and TanDEM-X (TDX) satellites in 2012 and 2013.


A new type of trirubidium nonahydrogen tetraphosphate, Rb3H9(PO4)4, crystal has been crystallized. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X‐ray diffraction measurements have been performed on the title compound. The crystal does not undergo any structural phase transition in the temperature range from 120 to 440 K except a melting transition at 399 K. The compound belongs to a monoclinic system with space group C2/c at room temperature. The structure is built on a framework of PO4 tetrahedra linked by five types of OH‐O hydrogen bonds in the length range from 2.472(4) to 2.679(4) Å. (© 2004 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


Five cases of translocation involving the third and the fourth chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster have been found in the progeny of flies treated by x-rays. The flies carrying a given translocation seem to be perfectly normal in their appearance, but, when tested genetically, they show linkage of genes belonging to the third with genes belonging to the fourth linkage group.


A number of police-school liaison efforts have been reported, many of which focus on delinquency prevention and improved police-youth relations. This paper presents a general rationale for police prevention-diversion programs and describes a three-year project in which police teams were assigned to schools. Program features included job-specific training, supervision and consultation by a full-time psychologist, and numerous informal police-youth contacts. Student and teacher acceptance was high, most officers successfully moved into helping roles, and several specific benefits accrued to students.


"If you don't know where you are going, any road will get you there." Alice from Alice in Wonderland was told this obvious piece of wisdom when she asked for directions. We all know this wisdom from navigating through the fog of insufficient requirements when working on projects. Clear goals can be achieved; unclear goals are sure to be missed. Requirements engineering (RE) is the disciplined and systematic approach (i.e., "engineering") for elicitation, documentation, analysis, agreement, verification, and management of requirements while considering market, technical, and economic goals. "Disciplined" is about culture, and "systematic" demands process and tools, which is our focus here.


The existence of the Asian Summer Monsoon Anticyclone (ASMA) during the summer in the northern hemisphere, upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) region plays a significant role in confining the trace gases and aerosols for a long duration, thus affecting regional and global climate. Though several studies have been carried out, our understanding of the trace gases and aerosols variability in the ASMA is limited during different phases of the Indian monsoon. This work quantifies the role of Indian Summer Monsoon (ISM) activity on the tropopause, trace gases (Water Vapor (WV), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO)) and aerosols (Attenuated Scattering Ratio (ASR)) obtained from the Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere and Climate (COSMIC), Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite observations, respectively, during the period 2006–2016. Enhancement in the tropopause altitude, WV, CO, ASR and low tropopause temperatures, O3 in the ASMA region is clearly noticed during peak monsoon months (July and August) with large inter-annual variability. Further, a significant increase in the WV and CO, and decrease in O3 during the active phase of the ISM, strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years in the ASMA is noticed. An enhancement in the ASR values during the strong monsoon years and strong La Niña years is also observed. In addition, our results showed that the presence of deep convection spreading from India land regions to the Bay of Bengal with strong updrafts can transport the trace gases and aerosols to the upper troposphere during active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years when compared to their counterparts. Observations show that the ASMA is very sensitive to active spells, strong monsoon years and La Niña years compared to break spells, weak monsoon years and El Niño years. It is concluded that the dynamics play a significant role in constraining several trace gases and aerosols in the ASMA and suggested considering the activity of the summer monsoon while dealing with them at sub-seasonal scales.


This paper first introduces the U. S. pension system and its current trends. Then the following two sections discuss the research on worker behavior of defined contribution plans, a popular pension plan available for American workers in recent years, and the adequacy of retirement income among American people. The last section is a summary. This paper reviews the trend of the U. S. pension system, research on worker's behavior of defined contribution retirement plans, and studies on retirement income adequacy. These themes may have common or different features in other countries, such as Korea. This paper provides helpful information for private and public policy makers and researchers of these topics in Korea to advance their understanding of pension and retirement behavior and facilitate effective policy making of pensions and retirement.


FIELD: chemical analysis. SUBSTANCE: there is initial mixture of a complex compound which contains (I) bonds, with one type of zinc isotope, and a sample in a solvent for obtaining a solution with subsequent registration of the mass spectrum of the solution. Then there is mixture of a complex compound which contains (III) bonds, with another type of zinc isotope, and the sample in a solvent for obtaining a solution with subsequent registration of the mass spectrum of the obtained solution. The molecular mass of the compound containing a monoester of phosphoric acid is determined, through comparison of the obtained mass spectra, where (I) bonds represent (I), and R 1 -R 4 represent hydrogen or substitute atoms. EFFECT: simplification of the process and making the device. 8 cl, 7 dwg


Motivated by recent works on the genus of classifying spaces of compact Lie groups, here we study the set of ltered -ring structures over a ltered ring from a purely algebraic point of view. From a global perspective, we rst show that this set has a canonical topology compatible with the ltration on the given ltered ring. For power series rings R[[x]], where R is between Z and Q, with the x-adic ltration, we mimic the construction of the Lazard ring in formal group theory and show that the set of ltered -ring structures over R[[x]] is canonically isomorphic to the set of ring maps from some \universal" ring U to R. From a local perspective, we demonstrate the existence of uncountably many mutually non-isomorphic ltered -ring structures over some ltered rings, including rings of dual numbers over binomial domains, (truncated) polynomial and powers series rings over torsionfree Q-algebras.


When an acoustic wave propagates in a fluid, it can generate a second order flow which characteristic time is much longer than the period of the wave. Within a range of frequency between 1 and several hundred Hz, a relatively simple and versatile way to generate streaming flow is to put a vibrating object in the fluid. The flow develops vortices in the viscous boundary layer located in the vicinity of the source of vibrations, which in turns leads to an outer irrotational streaming denoted as Rayleigh streaming. Due to that the flow originates from non-linear time-irreversible terms of the Navier-Stokes equation, this phenomenon can be used to move fluids and even to generate efficient mixing at low Reynolds number, for instances in confined geometries. Here we report an experimental study of such streaming flow in a Hele-Shaw cell of 2 millimeters span using long exposure flow visualization and PIV measurements. Our study is especially focused on the effects of acoustic frequency and amplitude on flow dynamics. It is shown that some features of this flow can be predicted by simple scaling arguments, invoking a balance between viscous dissipation in the boundary layer and inertia term, and that acoustic streaming facilitates the generation of vortices.Copyright © 2014 by ASME


ABSTRACT This paper summarizes the history of what is known about uranium mining in the DPRK; describes the major uncertainties regarding DPRK uranium production; notes some of the key techniques, as used in preparing estimates of nuclear sector activity in other nations, that might be available to assist in narrowing the range of estimates of DPRK uranium and processed fissile material production; summarizes estimates of enriched uranium and plutonium production prepared by other authors; describes existing estimates of the amounts of fissile materials used in nuclear weapons tests and exported; provides a demonstration of the potential impact of remote sensing methods and testing in the DPRK in reducing uncertainties in cumulative historical uranium production, and thus in fissile materials inventories; and, offers conclusions, resulting from the potential impacts of uncertainty reduction approaches, as to which verification procedures should be key targets during negotiations with the DPRK.


In order to improve the ionic conductivity of the Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9(CSO)based oxygen-ionic conductor,Ce0.8Sm0.2O1.9-La9.33Si6O26(CSO-LSO)composite materials were prepared by a two-step coprecipitation process.Phases of the samples were analyzed by using X-ray diffraction,and the microstructures were investigated by using a scanning electron microscope.An electrochemical complex impedance measurement was performed to measure the sample conductivities.The results show that the powders with pure fluorite structure can be obtained after the CSO precursor was calcined at 300℃,and the average grain size of the powders is 9.8 nm.The conductivities of the CSO-LSO composites are 10 times in magnitude higher than those of the CSO ceramic at all measurement temperatures.The conductivity of the composite is 0.12 S·cm-1,which is about 14 times of that of the CSO ceramic(0.008 6 S·cm-1)at 700℃.The phase interfacial effect is proposed to play a key role on the conductivity improvement.


Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) reactor was investigated for the treatment of low biodegradable composite chemical wastewater, which was complex in nature and has low biodegradability (BOD/COD ratio ∼0.32), with high concentrations of sulphate and total dissolved inorganic solids (TDIS). After inoculating with slaughterhouse wastewater treating anaerobic sludge, the reactor showed a rapid startup phase. The reactor was operated continuously for 60 days with an actual organic loading rate (OLR a c t u a l ) of 4.25 kg COD/ m 3 -d accounting for 37 h of detention time in continuous mode without recirculation at a mesophilic temperature of 29′2°C. At steady state conditions, the reactor resulted in 62% of COD removal efficiency accounting for substrate degradation rate (SDR a c t u a l ) of 2.6 kg COD/ m 3 -d. The experimental data demonstrated the applicability of UASB system for treating composite chemical wastewater with low biodegradable nature. Introduction of appropriate inoculum to the reactor during startup showed the effective biological treatment of composite wastewater, which is evident from the substrate and sulfate removal data and non-accumulation of VFA concentration in the reactor along with the generation of biogas.


Abstract In several of his publications Luria mentioned or discussed a neurolinguistic syndrome which he called '(frontal) dynamic aphasia'. The present paper endeavours to show that Luria's notion of frontal dynamic aphasia in fact encompassed three distinct neurolinguistic conditions. The first condition corresponds to transcortical motor aphasia as it is classically described. The second condition is one of pathological spreading activation that hampers verbal production. The main feature of the third condition is verbal aspontaneity. The possible reasons why Luria did not clearly distinguish between these three nosological entities are discussed.


INTRODUCTION: Gallstones affect 10% to 20% of the adult population worldwide. High levels of trace metals in patients of cholelithiasis may be associated with formation of gallbladder stones.AIM: To quantitatively analyse the levels of the trace metals copper and zinc in bile and serum of patients of gallbladder stones and normal population without stones.METHOD: Serum and bile obtained from 31 patients of gallbladder stones and 11 controls without stones were analysed for levels of copper, magnesium and zinc by atomic absorption spectrophotometer, make Perkin Elmer, Model AAnalyst 300.RESULTS: Copper level was increased in cases as compared to controls in both bile(3.91 times) and serum (1.25 times) when compared with each other. Zinc was 12.43 times more elevated in serum of cases than controls and 4.21 times in bile of cases than controls.CONCLUSION: Copper and zinc levels are increased in gallbladder-stone patients. There is increased excretion of copper in bile suggesting increased hepatic excretion in persons affected by gallbladder stones. There is an increase in the zinc level in serum leading to a secondary increase in the zinc level in bile in these cases.


The productive characteristics of the Magdalena waters are unknown because of a lack of studies that evaluate its biological, chemical and physical dynamics. In this study, remote chlorophyll a concentration and sea surface temperature data were obtained (SeaWiFS and MODIS Aqua sensors) and analyzed to compare the potential production of seasonal continental discharges and upwelling over time. A temporal thermal and Chlorophyll a stability was found, indicating that the water capability to enhance phytoplanktonic development remained unaffected. No thermal differences were found between sectors, while the higher Chlorophyll a of the southwestern coastal waters defined them as mesotrophic, opposite to the oligotrophic waters of the coastal northeastern sector and the oceanic sectors. Continental runoff is the most powerful event that controls the phytoplanktonic development, especially in the western extreme during wet seasons. Contrary, upwelling events play a more important role in the water fertilization only far in the eastern extreme, when the continental discharges are low.


Perceptions of organizational politics (POPs) are ever present and have been shown to have many negative effects. This study investigated the influence of perceptions of politics on the consequences of turnover intentions and job frustration; 2 important outcomes in the organizational politics literature. Additionally, this study examined the role of supervisor communication as a moderator of these relationships. We investigated the relationships in a sample of 246 alumni from a midwestern university who were working in a wide range of occupations. Our results provide support for positive associations between POPs and intentions to turnover and job frustration; supervisor communication moderated these relationships. Managerial recommendations and suggestions for future research are offered.


Compared with conventional drug delivery systems (DDSs), DDSs based on host-guest interactions possess unique advantages, such as high selectivity, tunable binding ability and controllable release of drugs. It is important to study the host-guest interactions between the carrier and drug under physiological conditions for constructing DDSs. In this work, we have studied the host-guest interaction between cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]) and oxaliplatin (OxPt), a clinic antitumor drug, in cell culture medium. The results show that amino acids such as phenylalanine in 1640 culture medium can partially occupy the cavity of CB[7], which lead to the decrease of enthalpy changes of the host-guest interaction between OxPt and CB[7]. In addition, inorganic cations in the medium reduce the enthalpy change and increase the entropy change of the binding, because of the pre-organization of the portal of CB[7] and sodium cation. As a result, the binding constant of CB[7] with OxPt in 1640 culture medium is one-twentieth of that in pure water. When CB[7] is modified at the terminal of star-type PEG to construct the star-PEGylated CB[7], it is shown that molecular weight and topological structure of PEG polymer backbone exhibits little effect on the host-guest interactions between CB[7] and OxPt. This study enriches the host-guest chemistry of cucurbiturils and may provide a guidance for constructing novel DDSs based on host-guest interaction with high loading and releasing efficiency.


We study clustering problems in the streaming model, where the goal is to cluster a set of points by making one pass (or a few passes) over the data using a small amount of storage space. Our main result is a randomized algorithm for the k--Median problem which produces a constant factor approximation in one pass using storage space O(k poly log n). This is a significant improvement of the previous best algorithm which yielded a 2O(1/ε) approximation using O(nε) space. Next we give a streaming algorithm for the k--Median problem with an arbitrary distance function. We also study algorithms for clustering problems with outliers in the streaming model. Here, we give bicriterion guarantees, producing constant factor approximations by increasing the allowed fraction of outliers slightly.


Abstract : The combined US/NATO Digital Troposcatter Test Programme was carried out by the Defense Communications Engineering Center (for the US) and the SHAPE Technical Centre (for NATO) between January and August 1977 over two ACE High links in Central Europe which were made available to NATO. The purpose of the tests was to obtain performance data on a multichannel digital troposcatter system using operational communications links. This report contains a description of the equipment and procedures employed, a summary of the results, and the conclusions drawn from the tests. The data obtained has been incorporated in an extensive data base held at both DCEC and STC to provide the capability for future analyses. (Author)


Capital punishment in the United States is racialized: those convicted of the murder of Whites are much more likely to receive the death penalty than those convicted for the murder of Blacks. Capital punishment is more commonly practiced in places where lynching of Blacks occurred more frequently and in states in which slavery was legal as of 1860. Accordingly, scholars have debated whether capital punishment reflects a legacy of lynching or a legacy of slavery. Our analysis shows that lynching on its own is a significant predictor of contemporary executions, but that once slavery is accounted for, slavery predicts executions, while lynching does not. We argue that slavery's state-level institutional legacy is central to contemporary capital punishment.


Interleukin IL-6 is a cytokine produced in response to various types of damage (infections, tissue injuries, autoimmune diseases, etc.) whose action contributes to host defense through stimulation of acute phase responses and immune reactions. However, experimental data show that high concentration levels of interleukin IL-6, and the subsequent inflammatory cascade induced into the organisms, could lead to several complications, such as organs progressive deterioration. The abnormal release of interleukin IL-6 is also a consequence of SARS-CoV-2 virus contagion, usually causing interstitial pneumonia and respiratory failure, which appear to be the source of decease in most of patients. Tocilizumab and myo-Inositol are two possible remedies proposed in the clinical literature to contrast the uncontrolled synthesis of interleukin IL-6, although the former exhibits non negligible collateral effects, differently from the latter. For this reason, the mathematical investigation of myo-Inositol interaction with other relevant substances involved in the SARS-CoV-2 could support the bio-medical research in determining, the optimal doses and admin- istration timing necessary to minimize damages, in order to support the clinical results. The preliminaries of this approach are the subject of this article. Moreover, because a vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus will not be available shortly, we con- sider another possible pharmacological strategy to contrast its activity. There exist several candidate medicines which may inhibit infec- tion and replication of SARS-CoV-2, and we focus our attention on the process of enzymatic inhibition through mechanism-based enzyme inactivators. The so-called suicide- substrate strategies constitute a fascinating area of interdisciplinary research. We explain the procedure to represent mathematically how a hypothetical drug would act to inhibit the essential enzymes used by the SARS-CoV-2 virus to replicate and spread. Considering the biological aspects and the mathematical applications presented in this article, the more relevant questions which arise are: 1) does the design of these drugs deserve a more detailed investigation? Could they be a viable alternative to the strategy of massive vaccine campaign against the SARS-CoV-2 virus? Citation: Bernuzzi, P, Esposito, R, Mascia, C, Massimi, A, Pallicca, F, Sanna, A, Simeoni, C, 2020, "COVID-19 calls for Mathematics, Part 2: Interleukin IL-6 and Myo-Inositol, Suicide-substrate Enzyme Inhibitors", Organisms: Journal of Biological Sciences , vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 128-139. DOI: 10.13133/2532-5876/16969.


In this article the authors explore the problems of etiology of deviations in the behavior of modern Russian youth from the standpoint of the sociology of culture. The paper presents an analysis of the determining factors in the development of deviant practices in modern youth community, as well as the explication of the basic concepts on this issue in the context of social and cultural analysis and the use of foreign and domestic experience of general theoretical research in this area of expertise.


The Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State by Friedrich Engels is a seminal work for anthropology and ethnology, although this fact is still not recognized by Western social science. Of the many 19th century writers who were part of the nascent sciences of sociology and anthropology, Engels stands out for his formulations which introduced the historical materialist study of ancient society and were of sufficient magnitude that they enrich discussion of the subject one-hundred years later. Although some of the ethnographic facts which Engels had at his disposal have been modified, the strength of his theoretical formulations make Origin of the Family very much a contemporary rather than an historical work. Lewis Henry Morgan, whose ethnological investigation of North American Indians made him a more credible writer than others of the 19th century, attracted the attention of Marx and then Engels. Marx had read and abstracted selected works on the nature of primitive society and probably had some work on ancient society in gestation at the time of his death. Recommending Morgan to Engels, the latter took up the task of grafting onto Morgan's ideas in Ancient Society analytical principles from the developing science of dialectical materialism. That historical association between Morgan and Engels shaped the formative period in the birth of anthropology as a science and established a Marxist tradition to which the discipline has been reacting ever since. The demolition of an original American thinker like Morgan by Franz Boas was a decisive blow which disrupted and effectively halted the development of a solid materialist tradition in American anthropology. It


Arthropod transmitted hemoparasitic diseases are economically important vector-borne diseases of tropical and subtropical parts of the world including Ethiopia. Bovine theileriosis is a tick-borne hemoprotozoan disease of cattle caused by several theileria species and among them T. parva, the cause of East Coast fever and T. annulata, the causative agent of tropical theileriosis are the most pathogenic and economically important. The aim of this manuscript is to review currently available articles on the bovine theileriosis with a special attention to its control. Theileria have complex life cycles involving both vertebrate and invertebrate hosts. Tropical theileriosis and East Coast Fever are disease transmitted by Ixodid tick of the genus Hyalomma and Rhipicephalus, respectively. Furthermore, the sporozoites are transmitted to animals in the saliva of the feeding tick. Bovine theileriosis is characterized by high fever, weakness, weight loss, inappropriate appetite, conjunctival petechia, enlarged lymph nodes and anemia. PCR is the most beneficial molecular tool for diagnosis of infection till date than blood and lymph node smear examination and serological tests. Bovine theileriosis has global economic significance thus prevention is the best method to control losses related with the disease. Among Several control methods the most practical and widely used method is the chemical control of ticks with acaricides. However, tick control practices are not always fully effective and hence vaccination is the most sustainable option. Since there is difference in breed of cattle to tick resistance the selection of tick resistant cattle breeds is also proposed as a sustainable approach for controlling infection in developing world. Currently occurrence of tropical theileriosis is confirmed in Ethiopia thus, more research should be conducted to design and implement appropriate controland prevention strategies.


Data are presented on half-wave cavity vertical cavity surface emitting lasers using both oxide confinement and high contrast upper and lower distributed Bragg reflectors. Six pairs of MgF/ZnSe distributed Bragg reflectors make up the top mirror and 11 pairs of AlxOy/GaAs DBRs make up the lower DBR. The oxide layer thickness in the AlxOy/GaAs DBRs is less than a quarter-wavelength in order to reduce strain on the quantum well active region. The lasing characteristics of device sizes ranging from 7 micrometer to 1 micrometer are analyzed through spectral data, far field radiation patterns and lasing threshold.


To ensure the food security of the Russian Federation, one of the priority areas of the state's economic and food policy is a step-by-step reduction of the dependence of the domestic agroindustry complex on the import of technologies, machines, and equipment. Currently, machines and aggregates that perform one specific operation are often used in preparing the soil for sowing crops; their multiple passes along the surface of the field being treated increase energy costs, lead to soil compaction, emergence and development of erosion processes. Considering this, further improvement of cultivation technologies, machines and units for soil preparation and sowing crops is required. To solve this problem, we propose an improved technology and an optimized complex of machines that can perform plowing, crushing soil blocks, mulching the topsoil, and sowing. The use of the proposed technology and an optimized machinery complex for the cultivation of winter wheat in the Central part of the North Caucasus resulted in a decrease in: direct energy costs by 33.5%; living labor costs by 31.7%; specific energy consumption of MTA by 41.7%; materialized energy costs by 50%; energy consumption for sowing by 7.7%. As a result, total energy costs decreased by 34%.


The fracture behavior of a light cure composite resin under impact tensile loading was studied using single-edge-cracked specimens. The impact load and displacement were measured with a Piezo sensor and a high-speed extensometer, respectively. The load and displacement diagram, i.e. the external work applied to the specimen was partitioned into three parts: the elastic energy left in the fractured specimen, the nonelastic energy due to viscoplastic deformation and the fracture energy for creating new surfaces. These energies were then determined and correlated with the fracture load. Energy release rates were also evaluated, and the results were discussed.


To compare our current management of adhesional small bowel obstruction (ASBO) with the National audit for small bowel obstruction 2017 and Bologna guidelines, to produce a flow chart which will indicate:First line management should be with intravenous fluids, analgesia, anti-emetics, and nasogastric tube (NGT).Patients diagnosed with ASBO should first undergo a trial conservative management with a water-soluble contrast.Operative management should be considered after 72 hours of non-resolving SBO.

 The medical records of all SBO patients admitted to Ipswich Hospital NHS trust between 1/4/2020 and 1/4/2021 were screened. All patients above 16 years of age and with a clinical diagnosis of ASBO were included in the audit.

 43 patients were diagnosed with ASBO.All patients were prescribed IV fluids. 38 (88.4%)and 36 patients (83.7%)received analgesia and anti-emetics respectively.21 patients(72.1%) had a NG tube inserted.24 patients (53.5%) were treated conservatively while 19 patients were taken to theater.37% of the ASBO patients, who were managed conservatively, were given a water-soluble contrast(Gastrograffin),which caused resolution of the obstruction in 20 patients(83.3%),while the rest were taken to theater.The average time to theater was 4 days(96 hours).

 Our results are in line with the comparing standards. Our first line management for ASBO could be improved.The use of a water-soluble contrast should be used more regurarly in the conservative management of ASBO. A step-by-step ASBO flow chart could help the admitting surgical team follow the appropriate steps for the better management of ASBO.


Global Game Jam 2023 was organized in Ukraine amidst wartime conditions. The motivations behind organizing such an event were to keep connections with the worldwide game development community and present the creativity of Ukrainians at times when terroristic strikes were destroying the country's civil infrastructure. Safety measures, including access to bomb shelters and portable power generators, were implemented to ensure the well-being of participants. Despite interruptions caused by air raid sirens, the game jam activities continued, showcasing the adaptability and determination of the Ukrainian game development community. Becoming a record-breaking post-COVID game jam in Ukraine, GGJ23 provided a significant boost for the further restoration and growth of the Ukrainian game development and international collaboration.


A new method for upscaling high dynamic range (HDR) images is introduced in this paper. Overshooting artifact is the common problem when using linear filters such as bicubic interpolation. This problem is visually more noticeable while working on HDR images where there exist more transitions from dark to bright. Our proposed method is capable of handling these artifacts by computing a simple gradient map which enables the filter to be locally adapted to the image content. This adaptation consists of first, clustering pixels into regions with similar edge structures and second, learning the shape and length of our symmetric linear filter for each of these pixel groups. This new filter can be implemented in a separable fashion which perfectly fits hardware implementations. Our experimental results show that training our filter with HDR images can effectively reduce the overshooting artifacts and improve upon the visual quality of the existing linear upscaling approaches.


Design automation of LCD driver circuits is not sophisticatedly established. Display fineness of an LCD panel depends on a performance metric, ratio of pixel voltage to video voltage (RPV). However, there are several other important metrics, such as area, and the best circuit cannot be decided uniquely. This paper proposes a design automation technique for a LCD column driver to provide several circuit design results with different performance so that designers can select an appropriate design among them. The proposed technique is evaluated with an actual design data, and experimental results show that the proposed method successfully performs technology migration by transistor sizing. Also, the proposed technique is experimentally verified from points of solution quality and computational time.


For regression models where data are obtained from sampling surveies, the statistical analysis is often based on approaches that are either non-robust or inefficient. The handling of survey data requires more appropriate techniques, as the classical methods usually result in biased and inefficient estimates of the underlying model parameters. This article is concerned with the development of a new approach of obtaining robust and efficient estimates of regression model parameters when dealing with survey sampling data. Asymptotic properties of such estimators are established under mild regularity conditions. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed method, Monte Carlo simulation experiments are carried out and show that the estimators obtained from the proposed methodology are robust and more efficient than many of those obtained from existing approaches, mainly if the survey data tend to result in residuals with heavy-tailed or skewed distributions and/or when there are few gross outliers. Finally, the proposed approach is illustrated with a real data example.


In 2010, the requirement in s 254T of the Corporations Act 2001 (Cth) (that dividends could be paid only out of profits) was replaced by a test that allows a company to pay dividends if all of three requirements are met. Those requirements are that the company's assets exceed its liabilities and the excess would be enough to fund the dividend, payment of the dividend would be fair and reasonable to the shareholders, and payment would not materially prejudice the company's ability to pay its creditors. In June 2012, the Commissioner released a taxation ruling, TR 2012/5, which addresses issues that arise in relation to the payment of dividends under the new rules. This article examines the ruling, by looking first at some of the relevant taxation provisions and then at the amendments that have been made. It also refers to the proposed transaction which was the genesis for the ruling.


The purpose of the article is to highlight the essence and specifics of social and political-ideological influence of the imperial authorities, army and military educational institutions of Russia on children and youth in the social transformations of the Right Bank Ukraine in the last decades of the 19th and early 20th centuries. To achieve this goal, general scientific (methods of analysis and synthesis) and special historical methods (internal criticism of the source, historical-systemic and historical-typological methods) are used. The article describes the military-professional and state-patriotic orientation of reforming and developing the network of civilian and military educational institutions of Right Bank Ukraine. It is shown that the central and local authorities and the military department of Russia prioritized the dominance of the army and military and military methods of influencing its population in the state life of the region. This brought changes and approaches to working with children and youth from different backgrounds in the educational system. It was determined that children and youth were involved in military-political processes, it was instilled in them a patriotic attitude to the Russian Empire, a sense of Russian identity, devotion to the state, the tsar, a sense of readiness to fight with arms for the interests of the empire. At the same time, it is emphasized that in many cases the effectiveness of this work was offset by national beliefs formed in families and the Ukrainian environment. The scientific novelty of the article is in an attempt to characterize comprehensively the essence and specifics of social and political- ideological influence on the pupils of civil and military educational institutions of the Right Bank Ukraine. The practical significance of the study is in possibility of using the obtained results for further study of social transformations in the Dnipro Ukraine of the late imperial period, and in modern activities to counter Russia's information aggression against Ukraine. Type of article: empirical and analytical.


With the rapid development of the rural tourism in China, how to innovate and optimize the marketing mode and successfully achieve the marketing purpose is an urgent problem for the marketing of the rural tourism destination. The rapid development of Internet technology has provided new ideas for rural tourism destination marketing. Based on the analysis of the questionnaire results of rural tourists, this paper has proposed the optimization suggestions of rural tourism destination marketing from the Internet perspective. That is, building the information communication channel between rural tourism destinations and tourists based on the Internet, designing tourism products of the rural tourism destination on the basis of tourist characteristics of tourists and realizing the marketing optimization of rural tourism destinations with the help of Internet technology.


metaphor, cf. R. S. Brumbaugh, "Note oIn the Numbers in Plato's Critias," CP, XLIII (1948), 40-42, and "Note on Plato Republic ix. 587D," CP, XLIV (1949), 197-99. 5. See Adam, Republic, notes ad loc.; John Burnet, Early Greek Philosophy (4th ed.), pp. 188, 190-91, 304, n. 1. 6. Sir Thomas Heath in his History of Greek Mathematics (I, 335) summarizes his conclusion, developed in his studies of Greek astronomy, that Aristotle reintroduced the Ionian notion of astronomy as celestial mechanics in his notion of "counteracting spheres." The mathematical description of the world qua organism is given by Plato in the proportions used in the construction of the world-soul, Timaeus 35 A-36 E. 7. If, for example, we analogize the virtue of a machine to that of a community or an individual, its excellence will be shown by (1) the preservation of its own appropriate shape and location by each part, and (2) the mutual adaptation of parts to each other, which will be evident in the equilibrium of parts in the mechanical structure of the machine, even if we are not able to understand the organization as a whole by insight into its intended purpose. 8. The term "mass" is not used in its technical modern sense, but as representing the concept that heavier bodies are harder to lift or move, or once put in motion, to stop, a concept which Plato uses, for example, in Republic 4 to describe the inevitability of the growth of a state, once it has started gaining such "momentum." 9. Multiplying the two orders shown to balance in note 3, above, and using the alternative representation of color-balance (which is homogeneous with the representation of volume-balance) presented in that note gives:


In this issue: Accreditation and certification decision reports to change after July 1, 2014 Revised: Human Resources chapter for behavioral health care accreditation OTP requirements revised to align with federal CSAT regulations Vance named new behavioral health care field director Behavioral Health Home certification a good fit for Trillium RPI corner: Meeting facilitation tools JCR: Join us at the 2014 Behavioral Health Care Conference New on the web See you there!


For many years BEB has performed studies to analyse the maximum horizontal principal stress direction in the Rotliegendes and Upper Carboniferous geological formations. These formations are two of the main gas-bearing g reservoirs in North Germany. The direction of the maximum horizontal principal stress is a significant information in order to optimize borehole stability for horizontal / slanted wells, to plan induced hydraulic fracs, to evaluate geologic models for naturally fractured reservoirs and to estimate the sealing potential offaults. The methods used to obtain the maximum horizontal principal stress direction from wells are BOL * (Breakout Orientation Logs, using the Borehole Geometry Logs) and WVA (Wave Velocity Analysis, using cores). This report includes the analysis of 64 wells, presents several maps with maximum principal stress direction and gives an interpretation of the results. The maximum horizontal principal stress direction changes continuously from NW-SE in the western part to NNE-SSW in the eastern region. These results correlate with the tectonic situation of the North European plate being under compression from NW-NNW by the Island plate and from SE-SSE by the African plate. Another result ofthe study is that large faults cause a deviation from the regional stress direction to a stress direction that is parallel to the strike of the fault.


The spiritual life is about growing in selflessness. It is about becoming more transparent, like crystal. The more transparent the medium, the more it radiates the light outside of it that passes through it. Charity is effusive and transparent; self-love is self-contained and transmits little or no light.


The politics of late Qing Dynasty,political power operation is superior to innovation.Sticking to old ancestors' rules and being vigilant against any change are the basic features of the politics.There are various reasons for this situation which seems to be due to Empress Cixi's fatuousness and greed for power,however,the reality is the late Qing Dynasty imperial power on the security,political structures formed by the internal tension of the long-term role in the highest policy-making level results.This structural maintenance of the long-term tension made the late Qing Dynasty political energy exhausted and nothing accomplished.Yixin' Removal is a reflection of this state of tension.


Purpose – Some of Heinz von Foerster's central topics of reflection (the crucial role of the observer, the admission of the autonomy of the knowing subject, the rejection of all absolute conceptions of truth, the significance of paradoxical and circular figures of thought, etc.) are of consequence to university education and teaching in many different ways.Design/methodology/approach – The author crucially describes the central ideas of Heinz von Foerster and related authors on education, learning and teaching.Findings – The author shows that the concepts developed by Heinz von Foerster suggest a paradigmatic re‐orientation; the concept of knowledge transfer must be replaced by the stimulation of self‐directed learning geared to the reality of students; learning environments must be created that enable students to recognise and experience ready‐made answers primarily as questions, and solutions primarily as problems. The constructivist understanding of the multiplicity of worlds and realities is particula...


Anionocages have been developed as a unique family of hydrogen bonded cages. However, strategies for constructing anionocages are mainly limited to that based on (PO 4 3- )-bisurea coordination, neither the ligands nor the anions lack the simplicity and diversity of the maturely developed analogues based on metal  coordination (i.e. metallocage). We report herein a more simple strategy for anionocages design based on (RPO 3 2- )-monourea coordination, utilizing monourea rather than bisurea as the hydrogen binding donor, and RPO 3 2- rather than PO 4 3- as the acceptor. Two fluorescent, quadruple helicate anionocages were constructed by a bis(monourea) ligand, and dianions PhOPO 3 2- ( H 1 ) or HOPO 3 2- ( H 1A ), respectively, which were capable of encapsulating a series of cation guests. As revealed by molecular modeling, H 1 features remarkable guest-adaptive cavity breathing without change of the quadruple helicate topology, which allowed the encapsulation of different sized guests in an "induced fit" manner.


The aim of the work was to study the possibility of using the drug ferrogal in experimental iron deficiency anemia. It is established that anemia in rats caused by the introduction of disferala well compensated after 2 months of therapy ferrogalom.


Slides from a presentation on strategies on how to improve library services to Millennial students. Delivered November 5, 2015 at the Charleston Conference in Charleston, SC.


This article studies how financial contracts commit investors to disciplinary actions after poor managerial performance. Two questions are addressed both theoretically and empirically: What disciplinary action should investors choose to motivate their managers? And what is the optimal capital structure, debt structure and allocation of control rights that implements the chosen disciplinary action? The paper shows that investors should choose the least costly disciplinary action. When the least costly disciplinary action is managerial replacement, control rights should be allocated at the outset to equity holders, and capital structure should consist of equity and long-term debt. If the least costly disciplinary action is liquidation or stopping projects then short-term debt is necessary and, at the outset, control can be allocated to the manager. The predictions of the model are tested on a sample of leveraged buyout transactions in the U.S. between 1986 and 1989.


Taking Morinda officinalis as test materials,the effect of liquid to solid ratio,ultrasonic time and temperature on extraction of polysaccharides fromMorinda officinalis were studied by orthogonal test.The results showed that,all three factors were relevant to extraction of polysaccharides from Morinda officinalis by single factor test.Orthogonal test results showed that temperature was the most relevant factor.The optimal parameters were that temperature liquid to solid ratio and ultrasonic time for 80℃,45∶1mL/mg and 45 minutes.


2 cases with the same eruption due to water are reported. This occurs in the same family. 1 case presents a positive patch test with water, and responds well to antihistamines.


Expectations for parent involvement in their children's education have risen dramatically over the last 20 years. The demands now placed on parents to evaluate and select educational options for their children, to act as advocates for their children, and to support increasingly demanding academic standards have never been greater. Strong partnerships between home and school can increase opportunities for students. Understanding the nature of these significant changes and how parents may be affected by them is a critical first step.


Interest in Medieval public writings, no longer viewed merely as sources of information but also as performative actions and discourse fields, came to the fore in Italy a few decades ago, with a focus notably on the "written revolution'' and the strong and substantial relationship between the government and writing during the communal period. In the past few years, Italian public writings from the late Middle Ages and early modern period have also drawn attention from academics and researchers. In Italy in the late Middle Ages, a wide range of phenomena – the production, preservation and scattering of writings, but also patterns in the diffusion of writings, and structural relationships between writing and the definition of power structures, between written memory and political identity – were deeply conditioned by the existing dynamics between the growth of changing territorial regimes and the city, with its very particular and weighty public, rhetorical and legal traditions. This article will focus on a few essential elements of this complex combination, with regard to the production and preservation of urban public writings, and the dynamics between the city, the chancery and the territorial state during the formation of larger and better-defined political regimes in Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries.


A simulator for quantum information systems cannot be both general, that is, easily used for every possible system, and efficient. Therefore, some systems will have aspects which can only be simulated by cunning modeling. On the other hand, a simulation may conveniently do extra-systemic processing that would be impractical in a real system. We illustrate with examples from our quantum computing simulator, QCSim. We model the [3,1] Hamming code in the presence of random bit flip or generalized amplitude damping noise, and calculate the expected result in one simulation run, as opposed to, say, a Monte Carlo simulation, and keep the original state to compute the chance of successful transmission, too. We also model the BB84 protocol with eavesdropping and random choice of basis and compute the chance of information received faithfully. Finally, we present our simulation of teleportation as an example of the trade-off between complexity of the simulation model and complexity of simulation inputs and as an example of modeling measurements and classical bits.


The paper examines the role of extramarital fertility in the emerging fertility transition in Europe. Drawing extensively on indicators of marital and reproductive behavior computed from data obtained from Eurostat archives and different National Institutes of Statistics the relative significance of marital fertility the proportion married and extramarital fertility to total fertility is examined over time. The analysis supports the argument that the role of extramarital fertility in the emerging fertility transition in Europe is increasing. On homogenization of trends and patterns in nuptial fertility divorced and remarriage the paper calls for more time and further research to understand the current trends. (authors)


Overview There is almost no biochemical reaction in a cell that is not catalyzed by an enzyme . (An enzyme is a specialized protein that increases the flux of a biochemical reaction by facilitating a mechanism [or mechanisms] for the reaction to proceed more rapidly than it would without the enzyme.) While the concept of an enzyme-mediated kinetic mechanism for a biochemical reaction was introduced in the previous chapter, this chapter explores the action of enzymes in greater detail than we have seen so far. Specifically, catalytic cycles associated with enzyme mechanisms are examined; non-equilibrium steady state and transient kinetics of enzyme-mediated reactions are studied; an asymptotic analysis of the fast and slow timescales of the Michaelis–Menten mechanism is presented; and the concepts of cooperativity and hysteresis in enzyme kinetics are introduced. While the majority of these concepts are introduced and illustrated based on single-substrate single-product Michaelis–Menten-like reaction mechanisms, the final section details examples of mechanisms for multi-substrate multi-product reactions. Such mechanisms are the backbone for the simulation and analysis of biochemical systems, from small-scale systems of Chapter 5 to the large-scale simulations considered in Chapter 6. Hence we are about to embark on an entire chapter devoted to the theory of enzyme kinetics.


BACKGROUND
Few studies have examined non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) or light physical activity among a group of rural youth, particularly during physical education (PE) class. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the percent of PE class time spent in NEAT is related to school level (elementary versus high school) in a group of rural youth.

METHODS
Accelerometer data from 357 students (192 elementary, 165 high school) were included in the analysis. Mixed model linear regression was performed to examine the effect of school level on the percent of PE class time spent in NEAT. Covariates included gender, PE teacher, and the duration of the PE class.

RESULTS
School level was a significant predictor of the percent of PE class time spent in NEAT. Specifically, elementary school students spent more of their PE class time in NEAT than high school students (p < .001). No other significant predictors were identified.

CONCLUSIONS
The results of this study suggest an association between lower levels of light (NEAT) physical activity among high school versus elementary school students during PE class.


On my way into work this morning, I was reading a copy of the Metro. British people, it said, are ranked a lowly 108th happiest people in the world. The happiest people, according to a Happy Planet index compiled by New Economics Foundation, live in the Pacific archipelago of Vanuatu.


The goal of this project was to utilize the Systems Tool Kit program (STK) in order to find an optimum orbit for a 3U CubeSat studying the South Atlantic Anomaly (SAA). The SAA is a region of high radiation above the southern Atlantic orbit that causes exposure to high levels of radiation and disruptions to communications. STK is a computer program that analyzes orbits and has communication abilities that has allowed the group to investigate different orbit possibilities. A predicted optimum orbit was created by combining the analysis of three different data sets that investigated how different values for the orbital elements would affect the CubeSat. The CubeSats from the original data sets were then linked to a ground-station and the STK software was used to model an radio frequency (RF) communication system designs and subsequent linked budget analyses. The results showed that the predicted optimum orbit that was originally calculated was one of the better orbits, but the orbit that was chosen was the SMA-7000 (semi-major axis is equal to 7000 km) due to it having a significantly lower average effective isotropic radiated power (EIRP). These results demonstrate that there are better options that have not been analyzed and that further research can be conducted in order to discover more adequate options.


The digital media stream processing system has a head end, a network, at least one STB and a receiving device. The head end generates a digital media stream. A network is connected to the headend and receives a digital media stream. At least one STB is connected to the network to receive the digital media stream and output a digital media stream or a decoded version of the digital media stream. At least one receiving device is connected to each of the at least one STB and receives at least one digital media stream. At least one of the headend, the STB, and the receiving device comprises a media processing subsystem configured to display an image that is visible to the user on the receiving device screen substantially immediately upon channel switching. [Selection] FIGS. 1a and 1b


Aquatic ecosystems are created and dictated by their physical and chemical environment; when catastrophic events cause an ecosystem shift, such as the draining and refilling of a reservoir, the composition and quality of the ecosystem state can change based on the new physical and chemical environment. This research project examines the physical and chemical limnological changes in Griffy Lake, Bloomington, IN, after the complete drawdown of water for the purpose of dam reconstruction. After two years of sediment oxidation and terrestrial plant growth, the reservoir naturally refilled. The study summarizes recovery results from data collected on a monthly basis. The results focus on the variables of temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity, pH, specific conductance, and nutrient concentrations. After analysis of the data, this project will allow for better understanding of the effects of complete drawdowns on abiotic variables. The work presented is part of a larger project that will examine how aquatic ecosystems recover and ecosystem states may shift within reservoirs after complete drawdowns. With more than 75,000 dams across the United States, many of which are approaching the end of their life spans, in the near future it is important to understand how such events affect the quality of the water, in addition to aquatic ecosystems.


according to the ISI brochure, is also an important objective. Toward the end of the article he himself seems to recognise this limitation, warning readers to be cautious in assessing the quality of the publication from these quantitative data. Given the extensive resources and strength of the ISI organisation, I think that only a little more ingenuity would be needed to develop an analysis that would indicate better than it does now the quality of articles. Of course, the real quality of an article can be assessed only after reading it, but to the extent that quality is reflected in its interrelationships with various factors, some indication might be possible if additional analyses were performed. One such analysis might be by grouping the citation crossreferences to produce various indexes, such as impact, etc., for geographical or cultural areas. Inasmuch as anthropology and its subject matter-man in his environment-are highly sensitive to the culture (which may more or less correspond to one or more geographical areas), it is only natural for an article from a specific ultural region to refer more to other articles from that region. Analysis without consideration of geographical clusters may lead to distorted findings, for the most-cited journal may not be the one most cited in a particular cultural area even though it may be more useful. Such distribution, therefore, might lead to some useful indications. In the same way, grouping of references according to subject matter might be helpful, for a journal frequently cited for a specific subject may be seldom cited overall or vice versa. Another question is how the core journals are identified. The brochure explains that they are identified by analysing citations. But does this give an indication of the value of each journal published in the discipline? I do not know what the criteria for inclusion in the SSCI are, but the fact that a number of journals are left out which, while they may not meet the ISI's standards, may still be valuable from a qualitative and regional point of view points to the possibility that some important links are missing. Besides the above, I have some reservations about the various indexes, especially those of impact and immediacy. These indexes presuppose that impact is greater the sooner the article is cited, but this is not the case. The impact of a journal does not tell us anything meaningful about the impact of articles contained therein, and even if we assume that a journal becomes meaningful because of its contents, I question the validity of this factor as it stands. The impact (or immediacy) of an article is determined by several factors, such as how soon the journal becomes available to readers of a specific region and whether the article (or journal) has any relevance to research in progress. An overall index assumes identical research environments and availability everywhere-which actually is not the case. All this, however, is not to underrate the extensive search made possible by the ISI or the analyses performed by the author. These comments are offered simply to suggest some possible improvements.


Abstract Glutathione in its oxidized form (GSSG) is rapidly taken up into isolated barley vacuoles, while uptake of reduced glutathione (GSH) is only marginal. GSSG transport is strictly ATP-dependent and is a saturable process (Km 0.4 to 0.6 mм). Uptake is inhibited by vanadate, but not by bafilomycin, a specific inhibitor of the vacuolar H +-ATPase. The observation that i) the non-hydrolysable ATP analogue adenylylim idodiphosphate does not stimulate, but rather inhibits the ATP-dependent uptake of GSSG and ii) that a four-fold accumulation of GSSG is observed in the presence of bafilomycin, suggests that GSSG is transported into the vacuole by a primary active process similar to that of glutathione S-conjugates (E. Martinoia, E. Grill, R. Tommasini, K. Kreuz, N. Amrhein, Nature 364, 247-249 (1993)). U ptake of GSSG is competitively inhibited by the glutathione S-conjugate of the herbicide m etolachlor (Ki 80 μм), indicating that transport of GSSG is mediated by the glutathione S-conjugate ATPase.


In late April and early May of 2011,more than 600 hm2 of early rice were found barren in Dongge and Huiwen town of Wenchang county,Wancheng town of Wanning county,Longjiang town of Qionghai county.The rice seemed normal,but were unfilled.After investigation and enquiry,the main reason was abnormal climate,which comprised low temperature,rain and scarce sunlight.In addition,it was also due to local cultivation system,planting habits,rice varieties and cultivation condition.In the text,this incident was analysed,and solutions were presented for the future.


While there are good reasons to celebrate the Super Bowl, my concern in this essay is with the more worrisome pleasure that we take in the violent aspects of professional football. Is our appreciation of the Super Bowl, including the hitting, a pleasure about which we, as feminists, should feel guilty? In order to address this worry, I set into dialogue Mark Edmundson's memoir Why Football Matters and Bonnie Mann's philosophical analysis Sovereign Masculinity: Gender Lessons from the War on Terror, specifically juxtaposing their respective insights about masculinity and its racialization, courage and shame, and war and its symbolization.


The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) integrated navigation system has been widely used on Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) nowadays. However, the system cannot operates properly when GNSS is invalid. In this paper we propose a systematic framework of visual aided inertial autonomous navigation system to solve this problem. The proposed system fuses the information of three sub navigation systems such as inertial navigation system, satellite navigation system and visual navigation system together. This system gets video information from a monocular camera mounted on a UAV. Then the consecutive image frames are matched by detection and matching of oriented FAST and rotated BRIEF (ORB). An algorithm of treble mismatching point pairs elimination is developed to eliminate outliers, and an optimizing method based on the evaluation of measurements using motion models is developed to reduce errors. Classical Kalman filter and multi-rate Kalman filter are both applied to effectuate the positioning of visual aided inertial navigation system. Flight experiments were done based on an own-built multi-rotor UAV. The obtained results show that the proposed system can operate normally and provide accurate navigation information when GNSS is shortly invalid.


II. CONSIDERATION of the special case in which the centre of the eccentric circle lies on the straight line whose points of intersection with the conic are required. In what follows it will be convenient to abandon the system of lettering adopted by Boscovich which we have hitherto followed, and as far as possible to use that common to modern text books. 1. Having given the focus, directrix, and eccentricity of a conic, to find its intersection with a given straight line. Let the given straight line HK (Fig. 1) cut the directrix in Z. Take any point 0 on HK and draw OL perpendicular to the directrix. With centre 0 and radius eOL describe a circle cutting SZ in Q, a. Through S draw SP, Sp parallel to OQ, Oq meeting HK in P, p. Then P, p are the required points of intersection. Draw PM perpendicular to the directrix. Then S'P: PZ :: OQ: OZ 1 , . . . . . , And P Z : P M : : O Z : O L r y S l m l l a r t n a n g l e S .-. SP:PM::OQ:OL. .-. SP = «PM. / . P lies on the conic. Similarly p lies on the conic. Conversely it may be shown that if a straight line HK, meeting the directrix in Z, cut the conic in P, p and from a point 0 on HK straight lines OQ, Oq are drawn parallel to SP, Sp to meet SZ in Q, q— OQ = eOL = Oq, when OL is perpendicular to the directrix. Hence (i.) SZ is equally inclined to SP, Bp; (ii.) HK cannot cut the conic in more than two points. 2. To find any number of points on a conic whose focus, directrix, and eccentricity are given. From any point 0 (Fig. 1) draw OL perpendicular to the directrix. With centre 0 and radius eOL describe a circle. Draw any radius OQ. Join SQ, cutting the directrix in Z. Draw SP parallel to OQ, cutting OZ in P. Then by the above demonstration P is a point on the conic. It is worthy of remark that— (i.) SP:OQ: :SZ: ZQ. Hence when e < 1, e = i,


Component GIS owns many merits such as flexible function and easy to be used, which makes it very suitable for the development of professional GIS application system in geoscience field. During the process of exploration and evaluation for uranium resources, computer application system has been a powerful tool owning to the following functions: professional processing, management and storage of data, spatial analysis, visualization and mapping, etc. In this paper technological routine is presented for the development of integrated evaluation information system for sandstone-hosted uranium deposits based on ArcGIS Engine. General GIS functions can be realized with ArcGIS Engine easily and quickly, the developers could concentrate their attentions on developing professional functions, which will shorten the developing period and make the system more efficient. It is showed that the system developed on ArcGIS Engine platform is stable in operation, flexible in functions and professional in application.


As blind audio source separation has remained very challenging in real-world scenarios, some existing works, including ours, have investigated the use of a weakly informed approach where generic source spectral models (GSSM) can be learned a priori based on nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF). Such approach was derived for single-channel audio mixtures and shown to be efficient in different settings. This paper proposes a multichannel source separation approach where the GSSM is combined with the source spatial covariance model within a unified Gaussian modeling framework. We present the generalized expectation-minimization (EM) algorithm for the para-meter estimation. Especially, for guiding the estimation of the intermediate source variances in each EM iteration, we investigate the use of two criteria: First, the estimated variances of each source are constrained by NMF, and finally, the total variances of all sources are constrained by NMF altogether. While the former can be seen as a source variance denoising step, the latter is viewed as an additional separation step applied to the source variance. We demonstrate the speech separation performance, together with its convergence and stability with respect to parameter setting, of the proposed approach using a benchmark dataset provided within the 2016 Signal Separation Evaluation Campaign.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Royal Thai traditional massage (TTM) and ischemic compression (IC) technique in patients with myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) of the upper trapezius muscle, using the visual analog scale (VAS), the pressure pain threshold (PPT) and cervical range of motion (CROM). Twenty volunteers were randomly assigned to either the TTM group or the IC group. The results indicated that both groups showed a significant decrease on the VAS after 2 weeks of treatment (2.50±1.65, 2.70±1.89 score; p<0.05). PPT showed a significant increase after treatment in the TTM group (58.93±16.89 score; p<0.05). A significant difference in PPT between the groups was found after treatment (0.848 score, 95% Cl was 0.177 to 1.519; p=0.016). Improvement in CROM among the patients receiving TTM was significantly greater than in the IC group (p<0.05) in neck extension and neck rotation to the left and right. This study showed that the TTM could reduce pain, and could increase PPT and CROM, and the TTM yielded a better result when compared to the IC in MPS. (Journal of Sports Science and Technology 2014;14(1): 155 -166) KEYWORDS: Myofascial pain syndrome, Upper trapezius, Royal Thai traditional massage, Ischemic compression technique


The aim of this qualitative, abductive, and phenomenological inquiry was to develop categories based on participants' perceptions of their improvisation and listening experiences. As using improvised music in clinical music therapy is an important method, this study expanded the knowledge of and language needed to describe this very sensitive and insightful communication process. If there is something in the air—what is it and is it something significant? Research questions included: 1. What kind of process is experienced when one improvises with an unknown person in an unfamiliar musical style? 2. What is in the air during live interactive improvisation? 3. What are the links between processes of self-actualization and peak experiences introduced by Abraham Maslow (1968) and the experiences described by the participants regarding their live improvised/interactive musical processes? The data of this study consisted of two audio-taped improvisations, three interviews, and the written reflections of six participants who participated in interactive live improvisation sessions. Ferrara's method was adapted for the data collection and analysis. Research results are presented in the form of descriptive categories which give a clearer picture of what happens during the process of musical improvisation.