From ancient times, saffron, the flower of the plant Crocus sativus L., is widely used as a traditional medicine to promote health and fight disease. Crocus sativus is cultivated in different parts of the world such as Greece, Spain and, mainly, Iran. In view of its wide range of medicinal uses, saffron has submitted to extensive phytochemical and biochemical studies and a variety of biologically active substances that may exhibit diverse activities have been isolated. The goal of this review is to discuss and summarize the scientific data on the biological properties of saffron and its main ingredients, and to investigate its possible use as a feed additive. The poultry industry would greatly appreciate natural antioxidants that could replace the synthetic ones and satisfy consumer demands for production of eggs and meat without residues from substances that have the potential to harm human health. With natural agents, such as saffron, the hope is that their availability, lack of obvious toxicity at effective dose and ability to protect health by various mechanisms, would allow their introduction as potential feed additives. The major challenges are the standardization of the biological multi-component composition derived from saffron and the standardization of their effects on animal performance and food quality and safety. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________


Stabilization of an m=3/n=2 neoclassical tearing mode (NTM) by a local electron cyclotron current drive (ECCD) has been studied in the JT-60U tokamak. In the stabilization experiment, the EC injection timing is scanned from the "before mode onset" phase to the mode saturation phase. We have demonstrated that the ECCD is more effective when it is applied before the mode onset, and the critical timing for effective ECCD is related to the mode excitation phase. An ELMy H-mode plasma of βN=2.9 has been sustained for 5 sec by suppressing the 3/2 NTM using the second harmonic X-mode ECCD of 2.4 MW. A numerical study has been made on the basis of the modified Rutherford equation coupled with a 1.5D transport code and an EC code. The simulation well reproduces the time evolution of the magnetic island both at the growing and stabilizing phases. In the early ECCD, the changes in the background profiles such as the bootstrap current and/or the classical tearing parameter are required to explain the decrease of the mode amplitude.


(1997). Pre-lusory Goals for Games: A Gambit Declined. Journal of the Philosophy of Sport: Vol. 24, No. 1, pp. 38-46.


Is mutually beneficial cooperation in trust games more prevalent with private property or common property? Does the strength of property right entitlement affect the answer? Cox, Ostrom, Walker, et al. [1] report little difference between cooperation in private and common property trust games. We assign stronger property right entitlements by requiring subjects to meet a performance quota in a real effort task to earn their endowments. We report experiment treatments with sequential choice and strategy responses. We find that cooperation is lower in common property trust games than in private property trust games, which is an idiosyncratic prediction of revealed altruism theory [2]. Demonstrable differences and similarities between our strategy response and sequential choice data provide insight into the how these protocols can yield different results from hypothesis tests even when they are eliciting the same behavioral patterns across treatments.


PurposeThis paper evaluates the implementation of a school-based physical activity intervention and discusses how the intervention outcomes can be influenced by the implementation.Design/methodology/approachIn four of the nine lower secondary schools in which the intervention was conducted, the authors examined implementation fidelity, adaptation, quality, responsiveness and dose received. The authors conducted focus group interviews with teachers (n = 8) and students (n = 46) and made observations. Dose delivered was examined quantitatively, with weekly registrations.FindingsResults showed that two out of four schools made few and positive adaptations, implemented the intervention with high fidelity and quality and responded positively. Four main factors were found to influence implementation: frame factors, intervention characteristics, participant characteristics and provider characteristics.Research limitations/implicationsA cross-sectional design was used and may not represent implementation throughout the whole school year.Practical implicationsIn terms of large-scale implementation, the intervention may be generalizable. However, intervention criteria such as adequate facilities and a flexible timetable may be unattainable for some schools. The intervention can be adapted without compromising its purpose, but adaptations should be a result of cooperation between students and teachers.Originality/valueProcess evaluations on this topic are rare. This study adds to a limited knowledge base concerning what factors may influence implementation of school-based physical activity interventions for adolescents.


This article analyzes the counterparts'question on government emergency management decision in the government benefit management by utilizing the game theory the method,points out that long-term cooperation between the policy-making counterparts and the trust is the cooperation important basis mutually,and proposed the counterparts'strategy in the corresponding improvement government emergency management.Finally,this article has discussed government crisis emergency management some concrete plans.


The invention discloses an intelligent 4D remote assessment device of building construction. The invention discloses an assessment device used for building industry construction state through a network, which is formed by that modern electronic equipment and network communication equipment, such as a laser range finder, CCD (Charge-coupled Device) imaging equipment, a GPS (Global Positioning System) receiver and a module thereof, an altitude sensor and a module thereof, embedded computer and the like, are integrated, and computer operating software is complied. The assessment device of the building industry construction state is constructed through a network, and the spatial parameters (x,y,z) of a construction operation assessment target is subjected to quick (t) assessment evaluation to improve the reliability and the high efficiency of realization to the building construction state assessment target. The invention can be used for the construction measurement of a building construction enterprise, and has the advantages of being high in expandability and operability.


Aneuploid eggs from reciprocal crosses of wild type to translocation heterozygotes involving 6 of the 11 autosomes of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica (L.), are described. Eggs were arrested early in development, either before or during formation of a segmented germ band. They were categorized roughly according to embryonic development. Several types of gross morphological defect in eggs from individual oothecae recurred in other matings of the same translocation heterozygote. The greatest similarities were between eggs from crosses of translocations involving the same two chromosomes. In three translocations, the frequency of advanced egg types differed in reciprocal crosses but, in three others, no difference was apparent. It is suggested that the zygotic genome acts earlier in the control of early embryogenesis in B. germanica , and possibly in other primitive hemimetabolans, than in holometabolous insects.


Ionization and displacement effects of radiation on semiconductors are summarized. Both temporary and permanent effects are considered. The influence of radiation on resistivities and charge-carrier lifetimes is examined. (T.F.H.)


In Hindukush languages spoken in the north-western regions of the Indian Subcontinent (particularly Indo-Aryan, sometimes referred to as "Dardic"), a variety of means are available within a complex construction to mark one clause as dependent on another. A subordinate clause may precede the main clause, whereby a complementizer is placed at the end of the subordinate clause: tu kii baaanu thani, khooǰoolu. 'Where are you going? (he) asked' (Indo-Aryan Palula), or tu xato hatoɣoot doos ree, buhtuii astam,'I was afraid that you might give him the letter' (Indo-Aryan Khowar). A preposed subordinate clause can also be formed with a verbal noun, with or without case marker/postposition: nu ba asaam mhaar-anii the ukhaatu de. 'He had come up to kill us' (Palula). Pre-nominal participials is another strategy, semantically corresponding to relative clauses in languages such as English: phai, teeṇii haa-tam cooṇṭeeli, rumiaal diti hini. 'The girl gave him a handkerchief which she herself had embroidered' (Palula). Alternatively, the subordinate clause can be placed after the main clause, in this case often making use of a complementizer ki (or something similar) preceding the subordinate clause: mheeli i khooǰoolu, ki mii baabu koo. '(He) asked: Who is my father?' (Palula), or, awa buhtai astam, ki hatoɣoot doos ree. 'I was afraid that you might give him the letter' (Khowar). In a survey covering an area from southern India through parts of southern Pakistan, Hook (1987) observed a significant pattern, whereby the order subordinate – main clause was gradually replaced by the order main clause—subordinate as one moves from the Dravidian South to the Iranian Northwest. While the survey did not include the Hindukush, Bashir (2003: 823), points out that left-branching (i.e. the order subordinate—main clause), like in Dravidian and in the Indo-Aryan languages spoken in their vicinity, is also characteristic of the extreme North of the Subcontinent. Bashir (1996: 177) proposes that left-branching in this northern region has come about as the result of ancient areal influences related to Central Asia, whereas right-branching (i.e. main clause—subordinate) and the use of ki is a feature more recently imported from influential languages spoken in South and West Asia. She further notes that the two constructions are used parallel in Khowar, and that the more recent construction may include the imported marker ki as well as the indigenous (a grammaticalization of 'say').In the present study, we investigated interlinear texts in a few Hindukush Indo-Aryan languages (Palula, Kalasha, Pashai, Gilgiti Shina, Kalam Kohistani), empirically testing Bashir's suggestion, and found that these, like Khowar, to a varying degree allow both constructions, with the left-branching alternative representing what seems like an older stratum of the languages, whereas the right-branching alternative most likely stems from massive Persian and, more recently, Urdu pressure as influential languages of literacy and wider communication. The distribution across different types of subordination within each language (Noonan 2007; Andrews 2007; Thompson et al. 2007), as well as quantitative differences between the languages in this regard, is presented and discussed.


To determine the possibility of improvement of the process of CO2 removal by absorption with alkanolamines, densities, viscosities, and refractive indices of four aqueous alkanolamine solutions (water + monoisopropanolamine (MIPA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), triisopropanolamine (TIPA), or diethanolamine (DEA)) were measured in the temperature range (298.15 to 343.15) K and at atmospheric pressure. Due to the corrosive effect of increased concentration of alkanolamine solutions, the mass fractions of alkanolamines were selected as w = 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, 0.20, and 0.25. The measured data were regressed with polynomial equations. Obtained results provide necessary data for industrial equipment design and process optimization regarding greenhouse gases (GHG), but also it is a foundation for further investigation of the potential replacement of usually used monoethanolamine with other mixtures of alkanolamine solutions presented within this work.


The retardation in the development of oral structures caused by protein deprivation postnatally (STACK and HOLLOWAY, J Dent Res 38: 1223, 1959) is often accompanied by alterations in the normal relationship of the maxilla and mandible (TONGE and MCCANCE, Br J Nutr 19: 361, 1965; DIORIO, thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1969). The purpose of this study was to test the effects of maternal protein deprivation in prenatal and postnatal development of the oral structures and to determine whether changes, if any, could be corrected by increasing postnatal food intake. Pregnant female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated as described in a previous study (SHRADER and ZEMAN, J Nutr 103: 792, 1973). As soon as pregnancy was established, the animals were placed on two dietary regimens as previously described (ZEMAN, J Nutr 93: 167, 1967): a deficient diet containing 6% casein and a control diet containing 24% of the protein as their sole source of protein. These diets were fed throughout gestation. At parturition, all male young whose birth weights were within one standard deviation of the mean of their group were assigned to stock diet-fed female rats whose newborn young were discarded. These foster litters were made up of five male pups of deficient females and five male pups of control mothers. Several smaller litters were also produced by discarding three deficient and three control young from the foster litters of ten pups on postnatal day 3. The four pups remaining in the litter were suckled by the female fed the stock diet until they were killed. The rats were killed from four to twelve days postparturition. The heads were removed, washed, and placed in Bouin's solution for fixation. When fixation was complete, tissues were decalcified in 10% formic acid, embedded in paraffin, sectioned at


The present work after illustrating a general introduction of carbohydrates and their applications, demonstrates the total synthesis of two trisaccharides related to the triterpenoid
saponin isolated from Erylus nobilis.


In 1990, the Illinois legislature changed the name and wording of its silent meditation statute. "The Silent Reflection Act," which dates back to 1969, changed to "The Silent Reflection and Student Prayer Act." The 1969 version provided that public school teachers "may observe a period of silence. ... not as a religious exercise but ... as an opportunity for silent prayer or for silent reflection on the anticipated activities of the day." The amended version added this provision: Student prayer ... [S]tudents in the public schools may voluntarily engage in individually initiated, nondisruptive prayer that, consistent with the Free Exercise and Establishment Clauses of the United States and Illinois Constitutions, is not sponsored, promoted, or endorsed in any manner by the school or any school employee. In 2007, the legislature amended the first sentence so that public school teachers "shall" observe a period of silence, thus making it mandatory. As a result, Township High School District 214 in the northern Chicago suburbs began implementing the new law by announcing a "moment of silence" at the start of each school day. Robert I. Sherman, on behalf of his daughter, who was a student in the district, sued both the district and the state in federal court, claiming the statute violated the Establishment Clause and was unconstitutionally vague. The Court's Rulings On Nov. 15, 2007, the federal district court granted Sherman's motion for a preliminary injunction and denied the defendants' motion for dismissal. (1) Soon thereafter, the court granted the motion for two organizations to appear as amici curiae--the ACLU of Illinois for the plaintiff, Sherman, and the Alliance Defense Fund for the defendants. On March 28, 2008, the court granted Sherman's motion to certify the suit as a bilateral class action, which means that it affected students generally and Illinois districts generally. (2) The defendants submitted expert reports to the court on the effects of the statute on schoolchildren of various ages. In addition, the state superintendent provided results of a survey he conducted of the 873 districts in Illinois on how they interpreted and observed the statute's mandates. On Jan. 21, 2009, the court issued a summary judgment in Sherman's favor. (3) First, the court concluded that the amended statute violated the Establishment Clause for two alternative reasons: 1) The plain language suggests an intent to force the introduction of prayer by requiring the teacher to explain to students the limited boundaries of "silent prayer" and "silent reflection," and 2) the legislative history evidences this fatal intent by first adding "student prayer" to the title of the act and then changing the primary provision from permissive to mandatory. The court also concluded that the act was unconstitutionally vague because it "provides no direction as to how the 'period' of silence would be implemented, how long the period should last, and whether pupils would be permitted to pray in a manner that was either audible or required movement." In reaching its conclusions about the Establishment Clause, the court credited the plaintiff's expert, a child and adolescent psychiatrist who opined that elementary school students will not understand silent reflection in relation to silent prayer; middle school students will be subjected to peer pressure to pray; and that high school students may act out in defiance. Conversely, the court found the defendant's expert report of negligible value because the psychologist had little experience with children and adolescents, and her opinion that some students could benefit from the statute didn't change the applicable analysis under the Establishment Clause. The defendants' appeal is pending at the Seventh Circuit. The odds appear to favor Sherman's side, but objectivity and certainty are difficult in religion cases. …


Grodin and colleagues are admirable for their courage to examine and present, albeit with a 5-year delay, the per-protocol analysis of the Cardiorenal Rescue Study in Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (CARRESS-HF) in this issue of the Journal.1 With the inclusion only of subjects who received their randomized treatment, the authors found that ultrafiltration (UF) was associated with higher cumulative fluid loss, net fluid loss and relative reduction in weight compared to stepped pharmacological therapy (SPT). The UF group had higher serum creatinine (sCr) and blood urea nitrogen by 72 h.1 Grodin and colleagues deserve heartfelt congratulations for using the term 'increase in sCr' to describe their findings, rather than worsening renal function (WRF) or acute kidney injury (AKI). Unfortunately, the assumption that 'increased sCr', WRF and 'AKI' are merely different names of the same pathological entity, still pervades the cardiorenal literature.2 An increasing number of publications, however, suggest that transient increases in sCr may not represent renal tubular damage and instead signify a haemodynamically-driven reduction in glomerular filtration rate, indicative of effective decongestion which portends improved outcomes.3 Indeed, a recent analysis from the Low Dose Dopamine or Low-Dose Nesiritide in Acute Heart Failure with Renal Dysfunction (ROSE-AHF) trial, in which all patients received aggressive diuresis regardless of randomization, showed that increases in either sCr or markers of tubular damage were not only poorly correlated with each other and with diuretic effect, but may have contributed to premature cessation of decongestive therapies.4 Indeed, the data from ROSE-AHF revealed that increases in neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) and kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) were paradoxically associated with improved survival. These findings lend strong support to the results of previous studies suggesting that fluid overload is a 'greater evil' than


According to human capital theory and the reality of Xinjiang Farming Corps,human capital of Xinjiang Farming Corps can be classified into three types such as general type,technological type and business management type.Based on this,this paper analyzes and discusses general human capital investment model in the aspects of regular education,health and health-care,farming technique cultivation,labor transfer and so on.Present human capital investment method and model are still worth discussing and the problem is that the human capital investment is higher but the return is lower in the corps.The combination investment model which chooses favorable investment model based on the reality of the corps according to human resources value and specialty of different human capitals can solve the present problem in higher investment in human capital but lower return.


This paper shows briefly how, for a singly infinite family of curves on a given surface, the fundamental properties of the family at any point are associated with three central conies determined by the curves, in a manner resembling that in which the curvature properties of a surface at any point are associated with Dupin's indicatrix. The differential invariants employed are the two-parametric invariants for the given surface.


Primary pseudo-tumoral calcinosis is a rare genetic disease due to a disorder of phosphorus metabolism characterized by the formation and deposition of calcium phosphate crystals in the peri-articular regions. The treatment is based on the reduction of hyperphosphatemia by hygienic and nutritional measures, hypophosphatemic drugs and surgery. We report the case of a 19-year-old patient followed since the age of 3 years for a primary pseudo-tumoral calcinosis that was resistant to surgery and that had well progressed with aluminum hydroxide and acetazolamide. Treatment combining aluminum hydroxide and acetazolamide with hygienic and nutritional measures seems to be an interesting therapeutic option for this pathology.


A controversial issue in Rousseau's philosophy is the relationship between the people as a whole, who want the good but cannot see it, and individuals, who see the good but do not want it. This predicament has to be overcome by the Legislator, whose characteristics seem however to be inconsistent with the theory propounded in the first book of the Contrat Social. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the current debate by exploring three possible functions of this key figure, which are 1. to formulate the content of constitutional law; 2. to make the people aware of their sovereignty by bringing to light the rules underlining the social contract; 3.to mediate between the political and the socio-economic sphere, that is between the sovereign people's efforts to bring about the general will and individuals' efforts to advance their own particular interest. Being structurally different from the first two, this last hypothesis need not be seen as conflicting with either of them.


One of most popular algorithms for finding a path between any two pins on a planar graph is Lee's algorithm[1]. In this paper, three different approaches are proposed and investigated for accelerating Lee's algorithm. The first approach is based on a hardware/software co-design strategy, while the second is a custom hardware implementation using Handel-C[2]. An application specific instruction implementation is also implemented and investigated. This approach targets the Tensilica configurable processor [3]. The experimental results show that the three approaches produce the same quality solutions as the pure-software implementation. However, the co-design approach achieves an average speedup of 4.3× over the pure-software based approach, while the custom hardware approach achieves an average speed up of 3.9×. The configurable approach obtained an average speedup of 33.6× over the pure software, while achieving a speedup of 7.81× and 8.61× over the hardware/software co-design and the custom hardware respectively.


Abstraet. The phenological and biochemical characteristics of male and female plants of Jojoba were studied during different seasons. The phenological studies indir that the flowe¡ and fruiting behaviour of this species in the semi-arid conditions of India change considerably with continuous flower formation and two fruiting cycles in ayear. Marked differences in the carbohydrates, proteins and nucleic acids were observed between sexes and during different seasons. The pistillate plants had greater metabolic activities with more DNA and RNA than the staminate shrubs.


AJR 2012; 198:W97 0361–803X/12/1981–W97 © American Roentgen Ray Society Lung Air Cysts: Think Patient History and Immunity Status We congratulate Seaman and colleagues [1] for their article, "Diffuse Cystic Lung Disease at High-Resolution CT," published in the June 2011 issue of the AJR, and we have some further comments. The authors described the spectrum of lung disease associated with air cysts. We postulate that air cysts can also be observed in immunologic disorders, such as Wegener granulomatosis or hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) and in infectious diseases, principally hydatid disease and Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia [2, 3]. In hypersensitivity pneumonitis, obstruction of small distal airways by cellular bronchiolitis may cause air trapping and thus cystic distention of terminal bronchioles [2] (Fig. 1). The diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis diagnosis is based on clinical criteria; allergen exposure (mainly bird fancier's and farmer's lung); and radiologic findings, including ground-glass appearance with mosaic attenuation and expiratory air trapping on CT. However, when CT is performed in patients examined outside the exposure period (e.g., farmer's lung), the retrospective diagnosis relies on the isolated air cyst feature. In such situations in which lung cyst presence is the only signature of a past allergen exposure, we stress careful and systematic inquiry regarding the patient's history. Indeed, when such a diagnosis is initially overlooked, the repetition of allergen exposure leads to the poor prognosis of the chronic form of hypersensitivity pneumonitis, which is responsible for irreversible pulmonary fibrosis. P. jiroveci pneumonia, although far less frequent, is also known to show ground-glass attenuation associated with lung cysts, which is one of the key elements for diagnosis [3]. Finally, we emphasize that the emerging technique of digital tomosynthesis produces high-resolution images throughout the entire A


The article describes the possible prospects of Big Data and technology changing the world we live in. The authors foresee two vectors for development everything connected with Big Data, namely the emergence of a number of computing devices and corresponding power amplification. To illustrate these processes the authors used the term acceleration and Moore's law which says that as a result of technological progress power of computing devices will double every two years. As a consequence, the technology applying Big Data will be included in all spheres of our life, including HR.


A second quasi-random-phase approximation (QRPA) procedure is employed to perform calculations of the [ital M][sub GT][sup 2[nu]] matrix elements for several [beta][beta] emitters. It is found that higher-order QRPA (HQRPA) corrections display a weak dependence on particle-particle (pp) strength [ital g][sub pp] and, in the physical region (around [ital g][sub pp]=1.0), they become important by comparison with QRPA predictions. It turns out that a further investigation of the HQRPA corrections could be illuminating to obtain more stable and reliable values for [ital M][sub GT][sup 2[nu]] matrix elements in this region, where they are very sensitive to the pp strength.


Energetically inefficient inter‐organ substrate shuttles are proposed contributors to cachexia‐related weight loss. Here, we examined glycolytic pathway metabolites, enzyme activity and transport proteins in skeletal muscle, liver and tumours of mice with cachexia‐related weight loss induced by colon‐26 cancer cells. Skeletal muscle of cachexic mice had increased [L‐lactate]/[pyruvate], LDH activity and lactate transporter MCT1. Cachexic livers also showed increased MCT1. This is consistent with the proposal that the rate of muscle‐derived lactate shuttling to liver for use in gluconeogenesis is increased, that is, an increased Cori cycle flux in weight‐losing cachexic mice. A second shuttle between liver and tumour may also contribute to disrupted energy balance and weight loss. We found increased high‐affinity glucose transporter GLUT1 in tumours, suggesting active glucose uptake, tumour MCT1 detection and decreased intratumour [L‐lactate]/[pyruvate], implying increased lactate efflux and/or intratumour lactate oxidation. Last, high [L‐lactate]/[pyruvate] and MCT1 in cachexic muscle provides a potential muscle‐derived lactate supply for the tumour (a 'reverse Warburg effect'), supporting tumour growth and consequent cachexia. Our findings suggest several substrate shuttles among liver, skeletal muscle and tumour contribute to metabolic disruption and weight loss. Therapies that aim to normalize dysregulated substrate shuttling among energy‐regulating tissues may alleviate unintended weight loss in cancer cachexia.


E XAMINATIONS are looked upon by most college students as a necessary evil, as the favorite indoor sport of college professors, and as a disturbing factor to their general peace of mind. To the average college faculty, a stack of blue books is just another reminder that the zero hour has again arrived when the deck must be cleared and the blue pencil brought into action. In common with other college traditions, examinations have been handed down to us from the distant past, and to question their validity or present usefulness would be highly unconventional if not sacrilegious. Examinations as such are not new. On the contrary, they are as old as formal education itself. The Greeks, the Romans and the Chinese employed elaborate examination schemes centuries ago. Public examinations played a prominent part in education during the Middle Ages. These examinations prior to the nineteenth century were largely oral. In 1845 Horace Mann vigorously set forth the advantages of the written or the "'new " examination over the oral, especially pointing out its advantages from the standpoint of uniformity, that is, the fact that the same examination could be given to all pupils in a class. Education has made pronounced strides during the past half-century. Consider any phase you choose, curriculum, textbooks, methods, equipment, buildings, etc., and note the remarkable changes that have taken place. With this advance in education has the technic of examinations


CB&I's Lummus Technology Heat Transfer has provided the process industries worldwide with the design and supply of shell and tube heat exchangers.


Abstract In the paper we formulate an axiom , which is the most prominent version of the Covering Property Axiom CPA, and discuss several of its implications. In particular, we show that it implies that the following cardinal characteristics of continuum are equal to w 1, while 𝔠 = w 2: the independence number 𝔦, the reaping number 𝔯, the almost disjoint number 𝔞, and the ultrafilter base number 𝔲. We will also show that implies the existence of crowded and selective ultrafilters as well as nonselective P-points. In addition we prove that under every selective ultrafilter is w 1-generated. The paper finishes with the proof that holds in the iterated perfect set model.


The main challenge in the electricity networks VHV, HV or MV is to satisfy the customer and this by two important factors: the quality and continuity of service, that is why we must ensure the stability of the electricity network, this is the important role played by the protection systems participating to this goal, faced to a various faults affecting the electrical networks sometimes caused by thunderstorms, lightning, short circuits caused by other external objects, as well as earth faults … In most cases, electrical faults are manifested by mechanical damage, costing a lot of money. To this end we have chosen the neutral protection EHV (Electrical High Voltage), this system is of great importance among others, to preserve the factors raised. In this paper we have evaluated the nature of the faults in direct connection or not to the ground and better understand them by creating a simulation of a protection relay on Simulink MATLAB allowing the best possible to recreate the real phenomenon either the defect or the behavior of system of protection.


All books in this flagship series contain carefully selected substantial extracts from key cases, legislation, and academic debate, providing able students with a stand-alone resource. This chapter focuses on a key feature of a lease: its ability to count as a property right. It explores the three principal questions that apply to any property right: the content question, the acquisition question, and the defences question. It evaluates how the judges' approach to defining the content of a lease as a property right may have been affected by the presence of statutory protection. The courts' approach to the content of a lease may be shaped by the fact that, if B has such a right, he or she may qualify (or have qualified) for significant statutory protection. It also considers the impact of the requirement that a lease must have a certain term. The chapter also considers the debate as to the contractual or proprietary nature of the lease.


Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) is a popularly used signaling protocol to manage connections between different user agents of a Voice over IP (VoIP) communication. SIP being a text based protocol is vulnerable to flooding, one of the popularly known Denial of Service (DoS) attacks. This attack can render VoIP servers unusable with depletion of CPU and memory resources. Given the accessibility of tools to generate these attacks and the ease with which these attacks can be launched, it is important to detect them. In this paper, we describe VoIPFD, an anomaly detector for detecting VoIP flooding attacks on SIP. Like any other anomaly detector, VoIPFD generates the normal profile of SIP messages as a probability distribution. We identify and generate Poisson distribution models for few SIP messages in order to detect specific flooding attacks. We simulate an enterprise VoIP communication and experiment with varied rates of flooding and report the detection performance of VoIPFD.


Soy protein isolate,as the main raw material,occured covalent cross-linking reaction with plasticizer,reducing agent under certain conditions. The filming formula,filming conditions,microstructure analysis were determined through single-factor experiment and orthogonal test. The compound protein film was prepared with degradation,some mechanical strength. It is a kind of green packaging materials of development prospects. The results showed that acrylic materials mold plate groove was used to film at temperature of 60℃ for 2h and the optimum filming conditions were that soy protein isolate 4.0%,plasticizer 2.0%,reducing agent 0.1%,tensile strength 61.892N,water permeability 16.204mg/(cm2·d),oxygen permeability 0.313mg/(cm2·d),carbon dioxide permeability 2.899mg/(cm2·d).


In order to improve the surface properties of SiO2 particles, SiO2 particles were modified by vinyl triethoxysilane, SiO2 particles and vinyl triethoxysilane modified SiO2 particles were characterized by FTIR, SEM and XRD techniques. The results showed that vinyl triethoxysilane has been successfully grafted onto SiO2 particles and basically there are no changes in the size of SiO2 particles before and after the modification by vinyl triethoxysilane. XRD results show that the synthesized SiO2 particles have certain crystallinity.


This thesis consists of three policy-motivated chapters in the area of applied microeconomics. In chapter 1, I estimate the impact of English-language courses on the wages of new immigrants. I develop a model of immigrants' investment in language skills which may affect wages directly, as well as change the proportion of pre-immigration skills transferred into the host-country economy. Using unique panel data, LSIC, I find that attending language courses for six months leads to a 0.3 standard deviations gain in language skills, corresponding to an average wage increase of 11.7 percent. The increase in the total return to language skill accounts for 46 percent of this wage growth, while the remaining 53 percent is driven by the transfer of pre-immigration skills. Chapter 2 examines the determinants of school choice and its effect on student outcomes. For any school choice policy to be successful, parents must select schools based on attributes that improve students' academic achievement. Using ECLS-K data, I find that students who move schools for academic reasons suffer a decline in their math performance. I estimate a random utility model of parental school choice and a test score production function to provide an explanation for this finding. Parents seem to select schools based on their socio-economic attributes while ignoring attributes important for test score production. Potentially, this results in worsened academic performance


This is a worthy successor to 'Records of Natal Vol. 3' in the series of published Cape Documents on Natal. It is sure to be a popular and heavily used source as it covers the crucial period of the conflict between the Trekkers and the Zulu including the Battle of Blood River and the establishment of the Republiek Natalia. The documents, centred thematically on Natal affairs, have been brought together from a variety of sources in the Cape Archives Depot.


This study aims to estimate the fair market value of the PT Wika Beton
shares by the end of 2013, when the PT Wika Beton plans to order to a initial
public offering in 2014. Fair market value of the shares of PT Wika Beton is
obtained using several methods: discounted cash flow�to-equity cash flow,
relative valuation models with multiple PER (Price to Earning Ratio), PBV (Price
to Book Value) and P/S (Price to Sale Ratio) and residual income method . The
importance this study is to provide input and consideration for the accompany
during a initial public offering as well as additional useful information and
resources for investors who might invest in PT Wika Beton.
The data examined in this study on the method of discounted cash flow-toequity
cash flow, relative valuation models and residual income method consist of
five financial statements and other information contained in the annual report and
prospectus of PT Wika Beton year 2013, the company's financial statements of
comparable firms and the stock price index (CSPI).
The results show that the fair market value of the shares of PT Wika Beton
as on December 31, 2013 using the discounted cash flow-cash flow to equity
model is Rp733,20 per share, the fair market value of the shares based on relative
valuation methods is Rp698,74 per share and the fair market value of the shares
based on relative valuation methods is Rp680,37 per share. The results of the
reconciliation of the three methods produce fair market value of the shares of PT
Wika beton amounting to Rp707,01 per share. The range of fair market value as is
Rp760,04 sale as the upper limit and with lower limit of Rp653,99.
Key words: fair market value, discounted cash flow-free cash flow to equity
model, relative valuation, residual income method


Edaphic factors affect the quality of onions (Allium cepa). Two experiments were carried out in the field and glasshouse to investigate the effects of N (field: 0, 120 kg ha(-1); glasshouse: 0, 108 kg ha(-1)), S (field: 0, 20 kg ha(-1); glasshouse: 0, 4.35 kg ha(-1)) and soil type (clay, sandy loam) on onion quality. A conducting polymer sensor electronic nose (E-nose) was used to classify onion headspace volatiles. Relative changes in the E-nose sensor resistance ratio (%dR/R) were reduced following N and S fertilisation. A 2D Principal Component Analysis (PCA) of the E-nose data sets accounted for c. 100% of the variations in onion headspace volatiles in both experiments. For the field experiment, E-nose data set clusters for headspace volatiles for no N-added onions overlapped (D-2 = 1.0) irrespective of S treatment. Headspace volatiles of N-fertilised onions for the glasshouse sandy loam also overlapped (D-2 = 1.1) irrespective of S treatment as compared with distinct separations among clusters for the clay soil. N fertilisation significantly (P < 0.01) reduced onion bulb pyruvic acid concentration (flavour) in both experiments. S fertilisation increased pyruvic acid concentration significantly (P < 0.01) in the glasshouse experiment, especially for the clay soil, but had no effect on pyruvic acid concentration in the field. N and S fertilisation significantly (P < 0.01) increased lachrymatory potency (pungency), but reduced total soluble solids (TSS) content in the field experiment. In the glasshouse experiment, N and S had no effect on TSS. TSS content was increased on the clay by 1.2-fold as compared with the sandy loam. Onion tissue N:water-soluble SO42- ratios of between five and eight were associated with greater %dR/R and pyruvic acid concentration values. N did not affect inner bulb tissue microbial load. In contrast, S fertilisation reduced inner bulb tissue microbial load by 80% in the field experiment and between 27% (sandy loam) and 92% (clay) in the glasshouse experiment. Overall, onion bulb quality discriminated by the E-nose responded to N, S and soil type treatments, and reflected their interactions. However, the conventional analytical and sensory measures of onion quality did not correlate with %dR/R.


OBJECTIVE
Permanent epicardial pacemaker is seldom used clinically and it is even less likely to be used for the treatment of seriously ill pacing-dependent patients with cardiac electronic device related endocarditis.

METHOD
We retrospectively analyzed the feasibility and efficacy of permanent epicardial pacing for the treatment of 3 pacing-dependent patients with cardiac electronic device related endocarditis, who were treated by removal of all pacemaker devices and reimplantation of permanent epicardial pacing system combined with antibiotics. The reason of using epicardial pacing system was as follows: uncontrolled sepsis (case 1); big vegetation on the electrode of pacemaker and tricuspid valve but not a candidate for open heart surgery because of high operative risk (case 2); occlusion of superior vena cava (case 3).

RESULTS
All 3 patients were cured with the treatment of extraction of infected pacing system, re-implanted permanent epicardial pacing system and antibiotics. The permanent epicardial pacemaker worked well during the 2-12 months follow-up period and there was no recurrence of infection.

CONCLUSIONS
Permanent epicardial pacing is useful and efficient in treatment of seriously ill and high risk pacing-dependent patients with cardiac device related endocarditis.


Inversion technique has been successfully applied in the tracking control of many Multi Input Multi Output (MIMO) process of engineering as well as science. The difficulty in controller design on account of variations in process dynamics as well as interactions between process variables. In this paper, the combination of neural network and dynamic inversion control is applied in Coupled Tank System (CTS) tracking water level problem. The liquids need to be pumped in total process and stored in the two tanks which are coupled together for certain desired level. Transfer function matrix of the system is gained experimentally from the tension loop response of the system. The PID neural network (PID-NN) controller used as a desired system control. Within MATLAB environment, conduction of simulate experiment is to testify the operation of the system according to Settling Time, Rise Time, Steady State Error and Overshoot. Numerical simulations and experiments have both been conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. It has been attested that capabilities of CTS are ameliorated by suggested proposed method.


Through the literature summarizing method,the status quo of our country's sports sponsorship research is analyzed in this article,which included the definitions,the reason and the necessity to implement the sports sponsorship,the existing problems and the developing trend of our country's sports sponsorship,and so on,aiming to accelerate the theory research and practice exploring.


management system (1) and unified universal one or more cryptographic equipment characterized in that it comprises in combination at least the following elements:> A unifying portal (2) adapted to allow a user to access various services,> One or more interfaces (5) for the exchange of information between the management system and system to said external equipment (6, 7)> a module or several modules (3) comprising one or more submodules or technological components tailored to achieve a unified and universal management.


The effectiveness of any scientific research depends on the correct preparation of the research
project. This cannot be done without the practical capability of applying scientific methodology.
In the research process, the way of defining certain facts or the operationalization of
concepts is of great importance. A key issue is the accuracy and reliability of research, as well
as the construction of a theory based on an axiomatically structured layout of empirically
verified theorems.
The article is an important voice in a broader discussion of identity building in security
science. The author is convinced that the empirical dimension of the identity of security
sciences will find its application in the research procedure, as well as in the implementation
of qualification work in this area.


Physical educators struggle with the challenges of assessing student performance, providing feedback about motor skills, and creating opportunities for all students to engage in game-play on a daily basis. The integration of technology in the gymnasium can address some of these challenges by improving teacher efficiency and increasing student motivation. National and state accreditation guidelines require future teachers to have a mastery of basic technology skills. Adelphi University and the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign have taken these standards one step further by requiring future teachers to apply their technology skills directly to physical education classes. The purpose of this article is to describe how physical education teachers are using video technology to create gamelike practice situations for use during secondary physical education instruction, and to help those who are unfamiliar with this technology to create their own videos to use in their teaching. We all know that less-skilled students avoid assessment opportunities, game-play situations, and public practice opportunities. The less-skilled students' hesitation to perform in public venues stems from their fear of public humiliation due to their lower skill level. The virtual gym (VG) addresses this problem by providing a private opportunity for students to practice game-play situations without the public nature of full class exposure. Student choice (Condon & Collier, 2002) and technology integration (Solvberg, 2003) have both been shown to motivate students. Secondary students are eager to assume responsibility for their learning if given a say in how they are taught (Vatterott, 1995).The VG is specifically designed to provide students with the ability to choose the types and difficulty levels of skills to practice. Four levels of difficulty are available for students using the VG. Additionally, the integration of technology into instruction has been shown to enhance student problem-solving and criticalthinking skills (Hopson, Simms, & Knezek, 2002). From the teachers' perspective, the VG provides an opportunity to assess student performance in game-play situations. When teachers hold students accountable for achieving performance standards, the teachers need to ensure that the students will be placed in applicable situations. It is rare for students to experience a full array of gameplay situations in a typical physical education class, so there needs to be a creative approach to assessment in order for teachers to obtain these accountability measures. The VG affords teachers the opportunity to assess student performance in "virtual" situations that can be designed by the students or their teachers. By using a digital video to capture footage of teacheror studentdirected game-play situations, a series of digital video assessment files can be created. These files simulate real situations that students can experience while being assessed by a peer or teacher.


Although improvements have been made in the management of pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) during the past 20 years, the prognosis of this deadly disease remains poor with an overall 5‐year survival under 10%. Treatment with FOLFIRINOX, a combined regimen of 5‐fluorouracil, irinotecan (SN‐38) and oxaliplatin, is nonetheless associated with an excellent initial tumour response and its use has allowed numerous patients to go through surgery while their tumour was initially considered unresectable. These discrepancies between initial tumour response and very low long‐term survival are the consequences of rapidly acquired chemoresistance and represent a major therapeutic frontier. To our knowledge, a model of resistance to the combined three drugs has never been described due to the difficulty of modelling the FOLFIRINOX protocol both in vitro and in vivo. Patient‐derived tumour organoids (PDO) are the missing link that has long been lacking in the wide range of epithelial cancer models between 2D adherent cultures and in vivo xenografts. In this work we sought to set up a model of PDO with resistance to FOLFIRINOX regimen that we could compare to the paired naive PDO.


Objective In order to understand the impact of combined exposure of lead,zinc,cadmium and nutrition intervention on pathological changes of rat liver through animal experiments and to provide theoretical basis of nutrition intervention measures for the population in lead-zinc mine area.Methods Experiment rats were divided into three groups,i.e.the control group,exposure group and intervention group.The control group was fed with 0.01 ml/g·bw physiological saline.The exposure group was fed with 0.01 ml/g·bw lead zinc cadmium mixed solution.The intervention group was fed with lead zinc cadmium mixed solution and 119.1 mg/kg·bw FeSO4·7H2O solution,474 mg/kg·bw Ca(CH3COO)2·H2O solution,14 mg/kg·bw vitamin B2,and 450 mg/kg·bw VC nutrition intervention liquid.The rats were sacrificed after feeding 28 days and 56 days.The livers were collected,their tissues were inspected under microscope and the pathological changes were analyzed.Results Through the entire experiment period,the rat weight increase at the first phase and the second phase of exposure group and intervention group were 32.0±6.3 g,40.9±6.5 g,30.3±9.1 g,and 35.3±7.4 g respectively,they were lower than those of the control group(68.5±8.7 g and 46.7±6.3 g),differences were statistically significant(P0.05).The differences of the rat liver coefficients in each group had no statistical significance(P0.05).There was no significant pathological change in rat livers of the control group.In the exposure group,cell edema,liver cords disorder,neutrophils and lymphocytic infiltration in hepatic lobule and portal area were found in rat livers.In the intervention group,cell edema was no obvious,only a few inflammatory cells infiltration was found in hepatic lobule and portal area,and spot-necrosis was seen.Conclusions Results show that liver has not yet been resulted in significant qualitative changes,however,morphological and functional changes of the liver might be found.The comprehensive nutrition intervention has some antagonistic effects on heavy metals exposure.


There is a modicum of truth in the generalization that some genres of fi ction appeal more to one gender than the other. Romance novels, for example, tend to be written and read more often by women, while Westerns more typically attract male authors and readers. Crime fi ction, by contrast, has fl ourished in both male and female hands and appeals to both genders. When detective fi ction took root in the nineteenth century, female crime writers and sleuths challenged general expectations about both women ' s writing and female characters. The standard critical inclination has been to see female crime writers and detectives as also subverting a specifi cally male " norm " for crime fi ction. Women crime writers and investigators, however, while clearly expressing issues of female concern, have from the start been an integral part of the history of crime writing rather than simply an adjunct or reaction to it. As female detective fi ction passed from Victorian originators through twentieth century godmothers of crime such as Agatha Christie, Dorothy L. Sayers, and P. D. James and on to rebellious goddaughters like Sara Paretsky, Sue Grafton, and Patricia Cornwell, a female and feminist vision of crime became a clear norm. The proliferation of female crime writing and fi ctional detectives since the early 1980s, ranging across styles as various as " cozy, " " hard boiled, " " forensic, " and " humanist, " shows the female tradition in crime literature continuing to innovate and fl ourish. Both male and female authors created fi ctional female sleuths in the nineteenth century. These " lady detectives " are independent, confi dent, clever women who variously use knowledge and observation of domestic environments and human behavior, female intuition, and their capacity for going unnoticed or being underestimated in solving crimes. They usually become detectives either because fate has made it necessary for them to fi nd employment or, as Patricia Craig and Mary Cadogan observe, in order to clear the name of a male relative (Craig and Cadogan 1981 : 21). Those female sleuths who work to restore masculine honor, and those who are young and attractive, generally cease detecting once they solve their cases or marry. Older spinsters, widows,


Since 1967, the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE) has sponsored a series of safety symposia. The goal of these symposia is to reduce the frequency and severity of accidents in the Chemical Process Industries (CPI). The Safety and Health Division of AIChE was established to serve as a central hub for the collection and dissemination of this process of safety information. Over the years, this dissemination expanded to several process safety symposia tracks at the Global Congress on Process Safety. Three symposia manuscripts have been assembled and archived into a database accessible on the Internet through the AIChE Academy. Loss prevention symposium (LPS) Process plant safety symposium (PPSS) Center for chemical process safety (CCPS) symposium The technical papers presented at these symposia cover a wide range of topics such as fire protection, risk reduction, explosion analysis, plant maintenance practices, process safety management, and many other topics. A total of 2524 papers were scanned and organized into a form which can be used to search for information on process safety topics. A spreadsheet of the contents of the archives was created. This paper describes the organization of the process safety archives and presents an example of how the archives can be used to find information.


Oral route has been the most convenient and accepted  route of drug delivery. Owing to tremendous curative  benefits of the oral controlled release dosage forms are  being preferred as the interesting topic in pharmaceutical  field to achieved improved therapeutics advantages.  Gastro retentive drug delivery system is novel drug  delivery systems which has an upper hand owing to its  ability of prolonged retaining ability in the stomach and  thereby increase gastric residence time of drugs and also  improves bioavailability of drugs. Concept of novel drug  delivery system arose to overcome the certain aspect  related to physicochemical properties of drug molecule  and the related formulations. In this context, various  gastro retentive drug delivery systems have been used to  improve the therapeutic efficacy of drugs that have a  narrow absorption window, are unstable at alkaline pH,  are soluble in acidic conditions, and are active locally in  the stomach. Concept of novel drug delivery system  arose to overcome the certain aspect related to  physicochemical properties of drug molecule and the  related formulations. Various approaches are currently  used including gastro retentive floating drug delivery  systems, swelling and expanding system, polymeric bio  adhesive systems, modified shape systems, high density  system and other delayed gastric emptying devices.  Moreover, future perspectives on this technology are  discussed to minimize the gastric emptying rate in both  the fasted and fed states. The present review briefly  addresses the physiology of the gastric emptying  process with respect to floating drug delivery systems.  The purpose of this review is to bring together the recent  literature with respect to the method of preparation, and  various parameters affecting the performance and  characterization of floating microspheres. Attempt has  been made to summarize important factors controlling  gastro retentive drug delivery systems. Overall, this  review may inform and guide formulation scientists in  designing the gastro retentive drug delivery system.


In Switzerland, a culture for low energy concepts is established. The procedure for quality assurance during design, elaboration, construction, and acceptance phases is based on detailed technical checklists. These procedures are similar to the Initial-Cx type, but we do not call them Cx activities – it is just standard procedure in Switzerland. It is often up to the operator to detect and prove that there is a lack of performance. However, in many cases the management overestimates the operator's competence for many reasons and is not aware of the high risk that the HVAC-systems may run above the economic optimum point. Taking into consideration the operator's (Facility Manager, FM) sphere of activities – structured by the change, risk, resources, and knowledge management – helps to give a structure to tasks and workflow. This leads to a process-oriented operation of buildings.


This paper presents the architecture and implementation of a configurable router intended for embedded network-on-chip support within field-programmable gate arrays. The router supports five network topologies and utilizes a dual-crossbar arrangement to reduce resource utilization. The router has been implemented in an Altera Stratix chip and in a 0.18-mum standard-cell process. For the routing and switching logic, the dual-crossbar arrangement is more area-efficient than a full crossbar, averaging a reduction of 24% in FPGA logic and 22% in gates for custom implementation. The average operating frequency of the dual-crossbar design is 123 MHz in FPGA logic and 340 MHz for custom implementation. Custom NoC support in an FPGA would therefore have adequate performance relative to components implemented in fully-programmable logic.


The accurate prediction of rainfall, and in particular of the heaviest rainfall events, remains challenging for numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. This may be due to subgrid‐scale parameterizations of processes that play a crucial role in the multi‐scale dynamics generating rainfall, as well as the strongly intermittent nature and the highly skewed, non‐Gaussian distribution of rainfall. Here we show that a U‐Net‐based deep neural network can learn heavy rainfall events from a NWP ensemble. A frequency‐based weighting of the loss function is proposed to enable the learning of heavy rainfall events in the distributions' tails. We apply our framework in a post‐processing step to correct for errors in the model‐predicted rainfall. Our method yields a much more accurate representation of relative rainfall frequencies and improves the forecast skill of heavy rainfall events by factors ranging from two to above six, depending on the event magnitude.


Over the last several decades, performance criticism has made significant headway as an interpretive method. However, in a recent issue of this journal, Larry Hurtado argues that the key assumptions of the movement ignore various historical realities regarding the use of texts in the ancient world. The following discussion offers a brief response to what Hurtado suggests are several 'oversimplifications'. The essay argues that rather than being a 'fixation' as Hurtado maintains, the renewed focus on orality and performance is a corrective that helps to provide a broader understanding of how biblical texts were typically experienced in the ancient world.


The organisation and presentation of sporting competitions necessarily involves the interaction of players and administrators. While they may have common interests and objectives, they are nonetheless involved in an authority relationship concerning the administration of their sport ; especially over matters pertaining to the remuneration and employment conditions of players. The paper provides information on the transition of industrial relations in Australasian professional team sports from one of employer domination to joint regulation by employers and representative player organisations from monopsony to bilateral monopoly. The paper is divided into two sections. The first outlines the various labour market rules developed by leagues and briefly examines the generally negative attitude of common law courts, and other regulatory agencies, to such rules. The second section presents information on the emergence or rise of player associations and the trajectory of collective bargaining in various sports on both sides of the Tasman. Industrial Relations in Australasian Professional Team Sports The organisation and presentation of sporting competitions necessarily involves the interaction of players and administrators. While they may have common interests and objectives, such as sharing 'a love of the game', they are, nonetheless, involved in an authority relationship concerning the administration of their sport ; especially over matters pertaining to the remuneration and employment conditions of players. There are five ways, or what industrial relations scholars like to describe as levels of bargaining, in which these authority relations can be played out. The first is where an individual club/employer interacts with an individual player/employee. A club and a player will negotiate and enter into a contract of The Otemon Journal of Australian Studies, vol. , pp. ,


Dengue viruses are icosahedral in structure and contain a single-stranded positive- sense RNA sequence of 11kb inside their capsid protein, which belongs to Flaviviridae family, genera Flavivirus. DENV a vector dependent viral virus which presents a severe health danger worldwide. Objective: To study the different strains of dengue  on the basis of serotypes Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital Lahore, Primary and Secondary Health Department Lahore. The blood samples of 103 patients were collected from non-random sampling technique to check out the data of different parameters such as WBC's & Platelets through Complete Blood Count (CBC), NS1 from ELISA and nature of dengue strains through RT- PCR. Results: Of 103 positive dengue patients, there were n= 58 (33.63 ± 16.54) males and n=45 (40.64± 16.00) females. Data for the total patients is subjected to statistical differences by Paired t-test (*p<0.05). The overall percentage of dengue strains within the sample population was DENV-2 (96%), DENV-3 (2%), DENV-1 & DENV-2 (2% in females, nil in males) DENV-2 & DENV-3 (2% both in males and females). According to clinical parameters the correlation of ELISA results with WBC's was significant (<0.0001) as well as ELISA and platelets of patients had no correlation with each other. Conclusions: Leukopenia and Thrombocytopenia is found particularly in DENV-2 strain as well as we found two different strains in two patients. So, our research work is helpful for the identification in genetic similarity of dengue strains.


The structure of Unbalanced-Bargaining-Power Supply Chain(UBPSC) is probably determined by comparison of bargaining powers between industries,influencing coordination and performance improvement in this supply chain.This paper on the definition of UBPSC models a two-tier one with upstream and downstream possessing asymmetric information respectively to attain game equilibriums.We further seek out some ideal prerequisites upon which system can achieve revenue increment optimally.However,there is no guarantee that these prerequisites can be readily fulfilled unless there are simultaneously certain incentives for both upstream and downstream.In order to obtain this outcome,this paper makes use of outside-force invention,instead ofinterforce evolution to ensure the existence of those incentives,and also analyzes the conditions of this mechanism working under multiperiod games circumstances.


Based on the grounding fault at converter transformer valve side in Gui-Guang II project and its simulation test analysis, current situation and shortages of HVDC system fault analysis were summarized. The results of the simulation test were compared with that of EMTDC calculation, which indicated the shortages of the current method for HVDC system fault simulation analysis. It was suggested that it is necessary to develop theoretical fault analysis for HVDC system in order to realize modular standard HVDC protection design.


The fibulae of young adult rats were cut at the mid-diaphysis with scissors and examined at various stages of repair. The distribution of enzymes participating in glycolysis, in the citric acid cycle, and in the hexose monophosphate shunt was studied histochemically in healing bone fractures.

Three days after the fracture there was marked proliferation and an increased enzyme activity in the osteoprogenitor cells in the inner layer of the periosteum along the entire diaphysis. Remarkable enzyme activity was also observed in the newly formed osteocytes. No qualitative differences were noticed among osteoprogenitor cells, osteoblasts, and osteocytes. Necrotic muscle fibers, periosteum, and bone cells failed to react.

Seven days after the fracture, a bulky cartilaginous callus developed. The proliferating osteoprogenitor cells of the periosteum and of the callus had a similar enzyme pattern. As the fibroblast-like osteoprogenitor cells of the callus developed into chondrocytes, enzyme activity increased. This was especially striking for isocitric dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. When the chondrocytes became hypertrophic, they gradually lost enzyme activity. Mononuclear and multinuclear osteoclasts, macrophages and foreign body giant cells showed marked activity of most demonstrated enzymes. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was marked in foreign body giant cells, but appeared weak in osteoclasts.

At 14 days the enzyme pattern of the callus was essentially the same as at seven days.

At 30 days bone union was well established, but there was still considerable osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity.

The histochemical findings have been described in detail and discussed in correlation with pertinent morphological and biochemical data. Histochemically, bone regeneration proved to be essentially a recapitulation of normal bone growth.


Background Self-agency (SA) is a person's feeling that his action was generated by himself. The neural substrates of SA have been investigated in many neuroimaging studies, but the functional connectivity of identified regions has rarely been investigated. The goal of this study is to investigate the neural network related to SA. Methods SA of hand movements was modulated with virtual reality. We examined the cortical network relating to SA modulation with electroencephalography (EEG) power spectrum and phase coherence of alpha, beta, and gamma frequency bands in 16 right-handed, healthy volunteers. Results In the alpha band, significant relative power changes and phase coherence of alpha band were associated with SA modulation. The relative power decrease over the central, bilateral parietal, and right temporal regions (C4, Pz, P3, P4, T6) became larger as participants more effectively controlled the virtual hand movements. The phase coherence of the alpha band within frontal areas (F7-FP2, F7-Fz) was directly related to changes in SA. The functional connectivity was lower as the participants felt that they could control their virtual hand. In the other frequency bands, significant phase coherences were observed in the frontal (or central) to parietal, temporal, and occipital regions during SA modulation (Fz-O1, F3-O1, Cz-O1, C3-T4L in beta band; FP1-T6, FP1-O2, F7-T4L, F8-Cz in gamma band). Conclusions Our study suggests that alpha band activity may be the main neural oscillation of SA, which suggests that the neural network within the anterior frontal area may be important in the generation of SA.


Disclosed is a tissue paper product based on a cellulose fiber material and a suitable for manufacturing the water-containing or water-free lotion DOLLAR A a) up to 20 wt .-% of a plasticizer selected from the group of mineral oils, alkyl ethoxylates, or fatty acid ester or mixtures thereof; DOLLAR A b) up to 5 wt .-% of a quaternary ammonium compound of formula I DOLLAR F1 in which two or three of the substituents R a C¶1¶ to C¶6¶ alkyl or hydroxyalkyl radical and the other substituents R a C¶14 ¶ up C¶22¶ hydrocarbon radical or a biodegradable Estergruppierung and X is a physiologically acceptable anion; and DOLLAR A c) contains up to 20 wt .-% of a polysiloxane. DOLLAR A The tissue paper product prepared using this lotion is ideal as toilet paper, facial tissue, paper towel or paper towel.


Endometriosis is a benign disease of the female genital system. It is characterized by endometrium-like tissue, consisting of glands and/or stroma, found outside the uterine cavity, the aim of this study to test the efficacy of laparoscopy in diagnoses of endometriosis, the present study was conducted on 69 patients (85 sample) complaining of pain and or infertility aged (14-48) year with exclusion of patient with pregnancy, pelvic malignancy and pelvic inflammatory disease. ISSN: 2577-2015


Background; paraphilias were studied in the sex clinic, at Al-Rashad teaching mental hospital, in the years 2009-2010, a subject never touched before in the field of psychiatry in Iraq. Aims of the study : 1-to identify the prevalence of types and number of paraphilias in those patients. 2-to study the relationship of paraphilias with sociodemographic factors of the patients. Patients and methods; using the diagnostic criteria of DSM IV TR, 52 patients from the outpatient sex clinic at Al-Rashad mental hospital, collected and studied (41 males and 11 females). Results; the ratio of men to women was 3.7 : 1, the majority of our sample was in the age range of 21-30 years (36.35%), with a limited(primary education)( about 48%) or no education(36.53%), not married as a status was found in 48.07%, and low socio-economic level was in 57.69% of our sample. Exhibitionism was found in 19.23% of our sample, followed by zoophilia in males 17.07%, most of the disorders were found exclusively in males, apart from masochism and some of the paraphilias not otherwise specified (NOS). Conclusion; paraphilia as a group of disorders, exist in our society, but lurks in the shadows of our strict cultural and religious societal background, they are suppressed and stigmatized, for the majority of our patients were collected first in a private clinic, then directed and encouraged to the sex clinic by the researchers.


This is an article on Bolshevik nationalities policy and ethnic engineering, asking who, in fact, decided which populations belonged together as ethnic groups (narodnost') and thus had the right of national self-determination, and how the level of autonomy was determined for each ethnic unit. Scholars have dealt with Russian and Soviet nationalities issues for decades already, but they have turned their attention mainly to the larger nationalities (at the level of SSR, and to a lesser degree the levels of ASSR and autonomous oblast). I argue that the lower levels of national territorial autonomy in the Soviet Union (national okrug, raion, volost', and selsovet) are worthy of greater academic attention, at least from the ethnological point of view. Having this kind of low-level territorial autonomy has often been a question of to be or not to be for the small ethnic groups concerned, and hence the subject is connected with the question of preservation of cultural and linguistic diversity in Russia.


In this work we performed a technical feasibility study for a hypothetical point to point radio link for the UHF band. We analyzed the three most common aspects of the path analysis: the line transition attenuation, connections and mainly the attenuation that is due to the climatic condition that causes the signal fading. To verify the results we used mathematical modeling in MATLAB ® . Specifically we tested the Fresnel zone, we observed that the signal had a 60% of clarity over the first obstacle. Moreover, we are showing a path study of the radio link clarity, also the topographic irregularities of the terrain can be seen in a digital image. Palabras clave — Radio Enlace, Zona de Fresnell Propagacion, Linea de vista, Altitud sobre el nivel


The Used Fuel Disposition (UFD) Campaign is presently evaluating various generic options for disposal of used fuel. The focus of this experimental work is to characterize and bound Engineered Barrier Systems (EBS) conditions in high heat load repositories. The UFD now has the ability to evaluate multiple EBS materials, waste containers, and rock types at higher heat loads and pressures (including deep boreholes). The geologic conditions now available to the U.S.A. and the international community for repositories include saturated and reduced water conditions, along with higher pressure and temperature (P, T) regimes. Chemical and structural changes to the clays, in either backfill/buffer or clay-rich host rock, may have significant effects on repository evolution. Reduction of smectite expansion capacity and rehydration potential due to heating could affect the isolation provided by EBS. Processes such as cementation by silica precipitation and authigenic illite could change the hydraulic and mechanical properties of clay-rich materials. Experimental studies of these repository conditions at high P,T have not been performed in the U.S. for decades and little has been done by the international community at high P,T. The experiments to be performed by LANL will focus on the importance of repository chemical and mineralogical conditions at more » elevated P,T conditions. This will provide input to the assessment of scientific basis for elevating the temperature limits in clay barriers. « less


The study aimed to identify factors that influence household economic decisions of corn farmers related to the allocation of time, production activities, corn consumption and policy simulation which can increase household economic of corn farmer. Research was conducted at Tesbatan and Camplong II Village, West Timor, Indonesia. Data were analysed using a system of simultaneous equations. Parameter estimation used Two Stage Least Square (2SLS) and simulation analysis was used for getting alternative policy. The result showed that household economic decisions of corn farmer were affected by the level of wages and farming area. Corn production was influenced by the farming area, the use of labor, urea fertilizer and seeds. Consumption of corn was affected by the price of corn, household income, corn production and the number of household members. Then, Consumption of purchased corn was influenced by household income, corn production and the number of household members. The policy to increase the price of corn was very effective increasing household income but reduce the consumption of corn. Furthermore, the policy of expansion of the scale of farming could increase household income and consumption of corn. keywords: Corn, Consumption, Production, Household economic model.


In this communication there appear the results of a field investigation realized in the Cuenca Lignitífera de Mequinenza, especially in the sector placed in the catalan municipalities (Almatret, the Farm d'Escarp and Serós). The target of this investigation focuses on the possible use of coal as a barrier for the advance of the environmental contamination. In this investigation, after the realization of the field work, we proceeded to the study in the laboratory of the samples extracted in the field. These laboratory studies have centred on the possible use of coal as excellent adsorber of the heavy metals proceeding from several industries. Also the possibilities for using this coal to as active carbon have been studied.


An expeditious synthetic approach to chiral phenol 1, a key building block in the preparation of a series of drug candidates, is reported. The strategy includes a cost-effective and readily scalable route to cyclopentanone 3 from isobutyronitrile (10). The sterically hindered and enolizable ketone 3 was subsequently employed in a challenging Grignard addition mediated by LaCl(3)·2LiCl. A novel preparation of the lanthanide reagent required for this transformation is described. To complete the process, a highly enantioselective hydrogenation step afforded the target (1). The importance of the phenol group to the success of this asymmetric transformation is discussed.


An inter-planting and seeding single body with bilateral copying function belongs to agricultural machinery. A vertical four-bar copying mechanism is hinged on a horizontal four-bar copying mechanism; a single body beam frame is welded and hinged on the vertical four-bar copying mechanism; an assembly of fertilizer can and fertilizer feed, an assembly of seed can and seeding mechanism, a drive ground wheel, a welded fertilizer pipe mounting frame, a deep soil loosening and covering spade and a press wheel are welded and mounted on the single body beam frame; a rigid fertilizer pipe and a rigid seed spout are mounted on the welded fertilizer pipe mounting frame in an inserted manner; a fertilizer and seed furrow opener is mounted on the rigid fertilizer pipe. The single body is particularly applicable to winter wheat inter-planting and fertilizing operations in the fields where leguminous crops are still unripe and have not been harvested yet, thereby satisfying the operation of winter wheat production in extremely code regions. The single body is characterized in novel structure, good operational quality, reliable use, high efficiency and strong adaptability.


&NA; In view of the possibility of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system in schizophrenia, a study was made of the effects of vasoparesis by anesthesia on the skin temperature in ten normal and ten chronically ill schizophrenic subjects. The surface temperature of both feet was measured before and during the induction of deep anesthesia by cyclopropane. It was found that with the induction of anesthesia the temperature of the feet rose sharply but not at an equal rate of speed. The schizophrenic patients behaved similarly to the normal subjects both in the rate and rapidity of the rise of temperature and the diversity in behavior of the two lower extremities. It is concluded that the neurogenic mechanisms in schizophrenia are capable of a normal response to vasodilatation induced by anesthesia.


The information system auditing is conducted to evaluate the readiness level of organization in managing information technology (IT). This research is conducted in library of Petra Christian University, Indonesia. In this academic institution, the library has already used IS to accommodate in its business processes. Library has done the observation to measure library users' satisfaction toward library service. In this previous observation, it has been found that the library software is not satisfied the students, lecturers and staffs as the users in providing information. Furthermore, the initial observation had found out that a lot of misinformation because human errors have often occurred in inputting data and monitoring and evaluating of library software performance has not been. Best practice is given using CMMI standard which is obtained by mapping IT processes of COBIT. Results of audit that has been conducted provide the current maturity level is level 2-managed which means the performed process have ensured that requirements are managed and executed in accordance with policy. Organization has understood the importance of managing IT in helping business processes. System development procedure has been documented. System is a form of elaboration formalization of existing activities and made it easier for users to learn to control quickly.


The problem of collisions in a plasma is a wide subject with a huge historical literature. In fact, the description of realistic plasmas is a tough problem to attach, both from the theoretical and the numerical point of view, and which requires in general to approximate the original collisional Landau integral by simplified differential operators in reduced dimensionality. In this paper, a Eulerian time-splitting algorithm for the study of the propagation of electrostatic waves in collisional plasmas is presented. Collisions are modeled through one-dimensional operators of the Fokker-Planck type, both in linear and nonlinear form. The accuracy of the numerical code is discussed by comparing the numerical results to the analytical predictions obtained in some limit cases when trying to evaluate the effects of collisions in the phenomenon of wave plasma echo and collisional dissipation of Bernstein-Greene-Kruskal waves. Particular attention is devoted to the study of the nonlinear Dougherty collisional operator, recently used to describe the collisional dissipation of electron plasma waves in a pure electron plasma column. A receipt to prevent the filamentation problem in Eulerian algorithms is provided by exploiting the property of velocity diffusion operators to smooth out small velocity scales.


The κ-topologies on the spaces DLp , L p and M 1 are defined by a neighbourhood basis consisting of polars of absolutely convex and compact subsets of their (pre-)dual spaces. In many cases it is more convenient to work with a description of the topology by means of a family of semi-norms defined by multiplication and/or convolution with functions and by classical norms. We give such families of seminorms generating the κ-topologies on the above spaces of functions and measures defined by integrability properties. In addition, we present a sequence-space representation of the spaces DLp equipped with the κ-topology, which complements a result of J. Bonet and M. Maestre. As a byproduct, we give a characterisation of the compact subsets of the spaces D 1 L , L p and M .


On field requirements for headlights are significantly dependent on type approval requirements. But the type approval requirements are described differently than exploitation requirements. They assume that basic photometrical requirements tested during type approval are met. But this assumption is not described and checked. Finally on field real headlamp photometric values could be significantly different than expected because depends on factors as light source geometry tolerance, headlamp design sensitivity for filament geometry, possible precision of aiming/levelling method. Moreover drivers and services awareness of this situation is not meaningful. As result safety during nighttime traffic is significantly deteriorated. In paper are described important factors concerned way of defining present type approval requirements. It concern the way of defining of photometric criteria for vertical measuring screen in fixed distance, choice of points and zones for assessment, limits and their restrictions. Also differentiation of requirement in dependence on light source used is analysed as well as some other important factors. The important issue is glare caused by headlights and their restriction in type approval requirements. It is also analysed influence on headlights performance on field conditions as result of lack of reference to imperfect but defined type approval photometric requirements. The visual aiming on the base of cut-off line and subjective judgement is the only way to allow use of vehicle. Moreover as well service as drivers believes that this is sufficient for safety driving at night with speeds allowed by common road traffic law.


As a crucial computer vision task, multi-objective semantic segmentation has attracted widespread attention and research in the field of remote sensing image analysis. This technology has important application value in fields such as land resource surveys, global change monitoring, urban planning, and environmental monitoring. However, multi-target semantic segmentation of remote sensing images faces challenges such as complex surface features, complex spectral features, and a wide spatial range, resulting in differences in spatial and spectral dimensions among target features. To fully exploit and utilize spectral feature information, focusing on the information contained in spatial and spectral dimensions of multi-spectral images, and integrating external information, this paper constructs the CD-MQANet network structure, where C represents the Channel Creator module and D represents the Dual-Path Encoder. The Channel Creator module (CCM) mainly includes two parts: a generator block and a spectral attention module. The generator block aims to generate spectral channels that can expand different ground target types, while the spectral attention module can enhance useful spectral information. Dual-Path Encoders include channel encoders and spatial encoders, intended to fully utilize spectrally enhanced images while maintaining the spatial information of the original feature map. The decoder of CD-MQANet is a multitasking decoder composed of four types of attention, enhancing decoding capabilities. The loss function used in the CD-MQANet consists of three parts, which are generated by the intermediate results of the CCM, the intermediate results of the decoder, and the final segmentation results and label calculation. We performed experiments on the Potsdam dataset and the Vaihingen dataset. Compared to the baseline MQANet model, the CD-MQANet network improved mean F1 and OA by 2.03% and 2.49%, respectively, on the Potsdam dataset, and improved mean F1 and OA by 1.42% and 1.25%, respectively, on the Vaihingen dataset. The effectiveness of CD-MQANet was also proven by comparative experiments with other studies. We also conducted a thermographic analysis of the attention mechanism used in CD-MQANet and analyzed the intermediate results generated by CCM and LAM. Both modules generated intermediate results that had a significant positive impact on segmentation.


Disclosed are a method for miRNA to regulate the modification level of N6-methyladenosine, m 6 A on RNA molecules, and related further applications thereof. By increasing or decreasing miRNA, the modification level of m 6 A can be increased or decreased correspondingly, and the mediation modifying function of m 6 A is further modulated. Also disclosed is a modulation method for affecting cell reprogramming by m 6 A modulation and a modulator used therein.


Polymer materials are well known to be sensitive to strain rate and temperature. Self-heating and friction effects also play an important role in the mechanical response of these materials. Numerous constitutive laws and phenomenological models have been developed to take into account these dependencies. This article proposes a simplified phenomenological model based on a mapping technique for the strain rate and temperature dependence. The effects of friction and adiabatic heating are also analyzed in this work. Relatively good results are obtained compared to experimental results for polypropylene and polychlorotrifluoroethylene. A parametric investigation of the effects of the interfacial equivalent stress (between the specimen and the compressive bars) and the fraction of plastic work converted into heat was performed. This parametric study allowed for a good approximation of these two parameters for the two studied polymers. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2474–2481, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


A simple 1.5 V rail-to-rail CMOS current conveyor is presented. The circuit is developed based on a complementary source follower with a common-source output stage. The circuit is designed using a 0.13 μm CMOS technology and HSPICE is used to verify the circuit performance. The current conveyor exhibits low impedance at terminal X (7.2 Ω) and can drive ± 0.6 V to the 300 Ω with the total harmonic distortion of 0.55% at the operating frequency of 3 MHz. The voltage transfer error (between the Y and X terminals) and current transfer error (between the X and Y terminals) are small (-0.2 dB). The power dissipation and bandwidth are 532 μW and over 300 MHz, respectively.


Received: 28 March 2021 Accepted: 20 May 2021 In this paper, the energy and environmental impacts of a passive retrofit action, involving the installation, on an office building, of a second-skin system with the external layer made of a PVC-coated polyester fabric, were evaluated in terms of primary energy saving and carbon dioxide equivalent emissions. The primary energy consumption and the carbon dioxide equivalent emissions associated with the considered case studies were evaluated through the dynamic simulation software TRNSYS, across a whole year. The study was carried out considering five cities (Athens, Barcelona, Lisbon, Marseille and Naples) in five different countries in southern Europe upon varying the orientation of the two main façades of building (north-south and east-west orientation were considered). The office building was modeled in detail considering different construction characteristics upon varying the country. The simulation results highlight that the best results in terms of PES (equal to 22.4%) in Naples, while the best results in terms of CO2 (equal to 32.0 MgCO2,eq) were obtained when the building is located in Athens. In addition, the adoption of the proposed passive lightweight retrofit solution allowed the reduction of both cooling and thermal yearly energy demand up to 57.7% (Marseille) and 17.8% (Barcelona), respectively.


The American Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (ACL) is one of the most important public health problems, especially in developing countries. It is estimated that between the years 2005-2013, 1.7 million cases were reported of LTA worldwide, approximately 11% of these notifications in Brazil (WHO, 2015). Few pharmacological advances for LTA. Pentavalent antimony are the most commonly prescribed for the treatment of disease, and the meglumine antimoniate the first choice for treatment of LTA in the Unified Health System (SUS), administered intramuscularly (IM) or intravenous (IV) and requires administration under clinical and laboratory monitoring to be cardiotoxic, hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic. One alternative for the treatment of LTA is miltefosine, a drug indicated for cancer, which, however, showed good effectiveness in some species of Leishmania. Objective: Review evidence for the efficacy and safety of miltefosine alone or in combination product for the treatment of American cutaneous leishmaniasis. Method: The mini-HTA will follow Ministry of Health GuidelinesFrom the question PICO (population: people with LTA; intervention: miltefosine monotherapy or in combination with other drugs; comparison: meglumine antimoniate; outcome: cure rate in six months, cure rate in three months, adverse events ), bibliographic search was conducted in the databases MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library (Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Cochrane Methodology Register), Science Direct, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, using the terms MeSH "Leishmaniasis, Cutaneous", "miltefosine" and "meglumine". The search was carried out between August and September 2015. Results: Of the 88 articles found, 14 answered the question PICO, and 6 were selected for the preparation of this HTA. Clinical trials show cure rates in six months ranging from 58.6 to 87.9% in the treatment group miltefosine and 53.3 to 93.7% in the treatment group with meglumine. Calculation of RR this outcome studies demonstrated a small association between miltefosine and the curing rate at six months (RR = 1.02). Only one study reported cure rate in three months, 67.6% and 78.3% in the miltefosine and meglumine group, respectively. As for security, miltefosine showed minor adverse events compared with meglumine, the most common being gastrointestinal symptoms.


Epidermoid inclusion cyst in palmar localization is very rare. We present an unusual case of palmar epidermoid inclusion
cyst which causes Dupuytren-like contracture in hand. A 32-year-old male patient was complaining of the traction feeling of
the mass. The mass was excised surgically, it was a hairy nodule like structure and reported as epidermoid inclusion cyst.
Cystic lesions are very common masses. However epidermoid inclusion cysts in the palmar region are important because
they may arise from the eccrine ducts and may be relevant with HPV infections. Thus, HPV screening should also be done
in such a case.


Biomass-derived porous carbons are one kind of sustainable, extensive, and flexible carbon material for CO2 capture. Here, we prepared several microporous carbons from poplar wood by three preparation routes. Especially, the residues of the poplar wood after the bioethanol process were explored as precursors to prepare activated carbon by KOH and ZnCl2 activation. By the adjustment of the preparation routes and the optimization of the activation conditions, these porous carbons exhibited diversified morphology (sponge, nanosheets, and honeycomb structure), tunable porosity (specific surface areas: 511–2153 m2/g), and narrow micropore distribution (0.55–1.2 nm). These carbons had a high CO2 uptake of up to 217 mg/g at 273 K and 1 bar, which was comparable with those of many N-doped porous carbons, and possessed moderate isosteric heat of CO2 adsorption (21.1–43.2 kJ/mol), good cyclic ability, and high CO2/N2 selectivity (Henry's law: 44.0). The results indicated that CO2 uptake of these carbons was mainly decided by their micropore volume (d < 1.0 nm) at 273 K and 1 bar. This work provides an important reference for preparing promising CO2 adsorbents with tunable structures from similar biomass resources.


Summary: It is demonstrated that PET, which is usually regarded as 'non-biodegradable', can effectively be depolymerized by a hydrolase from the actinomycete Thermobifida fusca. Erosion rates of 8 to 17 µm per week were obtained upon incubation at 55 °C. Lipases from Pseudomonas sp. and Candida antarctica did not degrade PET under comparable conditions. The influences of crystallinity, melting point, and glass transition temperature on the enzymatic attack on PET, PBT, and PHB are discussed.

Outline of the degradation of PET.


This investigation into the blood picture of newborn infants was made primarily to determine if any relationship existed between the erythrocyte count and the occurrence of icterus neonatorum. At the same time, independent information was obtained on the average blood count of newborn infants and the erythrocyte counts and haemoglobin estimations of infants born by caesarean section and natural means were compared. Literature on blood counts in the newborn extends over the last forty years, during which period the use of different methods of investigation detracts considerably from the value of older findings, obtained when apparatus was relatively crude and when haematology was less exact than it is to-day. Information on the subject of icterus neonatorum is more satisfactory; the fundamental cause has recently been postulated and experimentally confirmed in animals, but the fact that it occurs in some infants, and not in others, is still not explained. Icterus neonatorum is relatively common in newborn infants, the incidence according to various authorities varying between 30 per cent. and 80 per cent. It is said to be more frequent in small and premature infants and among the poorer classes. Jaundice usually appears on the second day after birth, and may persist as long as two or three weeks. Infants do not appear adversely affected by the jaundice, which is the only clinical finding.


The positive resist composition, the resin component is varied by the action of an alkali solubility of the acid (A), acid generator component (B), and polyester, and propylene glycol, wherein the component (A) to structural units represented by the general formula (I) (a1), to include a resin component (A1) containing a structural unit (a2), the configuration having an acid dissociation can be dissolution-inhibiting units (a3) represented by the formula II: [Formula I] (Wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, m represents an integer of 1 to 3), [Formula II] (Wherein, R represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R


francaisFille d'un Officier des Eaux-et-Forets, Marie-Noelle Grand-Mesnil frequente avec assiduite les archives forestieres et "la foret des Cartes et Plans forestiers" (sic). Avec la meme assiduite, elle frequente la foret et observe les arbres, intimement lies a la vie de la Societe. Ses reflexions et remarques interesseront les Geographes et les amis de la Nature DeutschMarie-Noelle Grand-Mesnil ha visitado con entusiasmo los documentos forestales y el "bosque de mapas y mapas forestales" (sic). Conectado con la vida de la empresa. Sus observaciones y memorias interesaran a los geografos y amantes de la naturaleza. EnglishMarie-Noele Grand-Mesnil's father is a member of the Forestry Commision, she regularly visits forest record offices and "the forest of maps and drafts" (sic). with the same regularity, she haunts forests and observers trees: they are so closely linked to Man's life. Her thoughts and remarks will interest geographers and all friends of Nature.