This article explores the important and effective components of the total factor productivity (Tfp) of the trade sector of Iran and estimates their effect in the recognized model by the annual data of the period of 1960-2004. First, we have estimated the function of the producing sector of the commerce to calculate the total factor productivity (TFP). Then we have calculated the index of the total factor productivity (Tfp) on the basis of the part of the factors of the production in the section of the devebpment. And at last, we have explored the key and determining factors of the of the total factor productivity of the section in the model of the related model. The results of this research show that the development of the capital stock per capita, the medium development the years of the education and the real exchange rate have the positive and meaningful effect on the total factor productivity, whereas the inflation rate has the negative and meaningful effect. It is important to say that the medium growth of the years of the education has the most positive effect on the total factor productivity (TFP) and the inflation rate has the most negative effect on the total factor productivity (TFp) of the section.


We propose two possible experimental realizations of a (2 + 1)-dimensional spacetime supersymmetry at a quantum critical point on the surface of three-dimensional topological insulators. The quantum critical point between the semi-metallic state with one Dirac fermion and the s-wave superconducting state on the surface is described by a supersymmetric conformal field theory within the ϵ-expansion. We predict the exact voltage dependence of the differential conductance at the supersymmetric critical point.


Based on SDSS ,the present paper takes the Yachi in Bijie Guizhou as a model district,and found the karst rocky desertification integrated control decision support system which is the combine of GIS and DSS,and reflects the rocky desertification actuality of karst area. It will be applied to the process of karst rocky desertification integrated control decision.


Multi-attribute auctions allow negotiations over multiple attributes besides price. For example in task allocation, service providers can define their service by means of multiple attributes, such as quality of service, deadlines, or delay penalties. Auction mechanisms assume that the players have evaluation functions over the space of attributes that assign a single value to any combination of attributes. This value (or cost) is directly comparable to price. We argue that in some situations, some of the attributes are difficult to convert to cost, e.g., in transportation it is often important which driver is going to deliver a given truckload. Such personal preferences of a customer are difficult to quantify. To allow negotiations over such non-monetary attributes we relax the requirement of universally comparable utility functions, and give an incentive-compatible auction mechanism that uses only preference orders of the parties and not globally comparable function values. The suggested mechanism assumes that the bidders and the auctioneer have individual total orders over the space of possible contracts, but no utility functions. Each bidder places its bids using its own order, and the winner is chosen by the auctioneer's order. The actual attribute values are chosen based on the second-best bid. It is shown that this Vickrey intuition yields an incentive-compatible mechanism.


This study examines factors affecting import demand for sunflower and soybean oil of Turkey during the period 1983-2000. For estimation technique, "Seemingly Unrelated Regression" (SUR) was employed. The empirical results show that per-capita income, total sunflower oil demand, lag values of domestic sunflower oil production and import quantity are statistically significant variables but import price of sunflower and soybean oil prices are not in determining import demand for sunflower oil. For the soybean oil import model, all explanatory variables: import prices of soybean and sunflower oil, per-capita income, total soybean oil demand, lag values of domestic soybean oil production and import quantity are found statistically significant.


Introduction : Human dignity has been considered by religious authorities for a long time and is recognized today in health systems and patient rights. This review article surveyed the articles published from 1990 to 2013. Keywords including human dignity, human status, patient's privacy and patient's personal space were used to search scientific Persian databases. Dignity and privacy were used as keywords to obtain articles from scientific English databases. As one the most significant aspects of human dignity, privacy consists of four dimensions: physical, psychological, social and informational. Care and treatment environments are places where patients' privacy is commonly invaded. Respecting Patients' privacy is essential for establishing effective communication between patient and treatment team and creating a peaceful milieu for patients. Violation of patients' privacy may lead to patients' anxiety, aggression, refusal of physical examination, and medical the quality of services. Conclusion : in


The aspects community has developed a rich set of language-based mechanisms for addressing issues of scattering and tangling of concerns. In this talk, I sketch an alternative approach, where automatically collected data are analyzed to create models of concerns, which in turn are used by tools in the development environment. Data includes not only traditional repository data such as version and change logs, but also text data such as communication, meeting minutes, documentation, and even spoken conversation. I will describe some preliminary work my colleagues and I have done to explore this direction.


The interpretation of the Qur'an with Qaul al-ṣaḥābah is a product of classical scholars. Interpretation with Qaul al-ṣaḥābah is considered as a very representative explanation of the truth of the understanding of the Qur'an because they are still meeting with the Prophet Muḥammad so that there are not many deviations. But this method of interpretation is often forgotten in the writing of tafsīr. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze the process of interpretation of the Qur'an conducted by ṣaḥābah. This article is a research library with a descriptive approach to collect documentation data from various articles, books then analyzed by content analysis. The results of this research are the strengths of Tafsīr al-Ṣaḥābah are that they are neutral regardless of political interests or schools of thought, are free from the history of isrā'iliyyāt, and no difference. While its weakness is not yet interpreted broadly and in detail, it is still partial and free of critical nature. In some instances in the current era, it is possible to make laws based on Qaul al-ṣaḥābah as one of the sources of Islamic law. The similarity of this research with previous research is to discuss the interpretation of Qaul al-Ṣhaḥābah, including the characteristics and instruments and examples of interpretations of the Qur'an carried out by Ṣaḥābah, such as Ibn' Abbās, Ibn Masʻūd, 'Āisyah, Abū Hurairah and 'Alī bin Abī Ṭālib. While the difference is this research found the strengths and weaknesses of the interpretation of Qaul al-Ṣhaḥābah. In the discussion, this article also analyzes Qaul al-Ṣhaḥābah as a source of Islamic law in the current era


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The development of the oil shale in Colorado is discussed specifically. Governor Lamm points out that this is not a well-proven technology; and both he and Harris D. Sherman, Executive Director of the Colorado Dept. of Natural Resources, are seriously concerned with the social, economic, and environmental disruptions that oil shale commercialization will bring to the state. With production at maximum capacity (8 oil shale plants at 50,000 barrels a day each), only 2.5 to 5% of the nation's petroleum needs could be supplied. However, both Gov. Lamm and Mr. Sherman realize that because the present administration has the synfuels bandwagon rolling - and 70% of the nation's high-grade oil shale is found in Colorado - it is not a question of if, but when, there will be development in the state. Therefore, they favor a phased approach to circumvent or mitigate the social, economic, and environmental impacts.


The present study intended to provide empirical information for improving athletes' performance
level in tennis by figuring out how prolific a set of serve routine practice was to first-serve success
rate and serve accuracy.
For this study, five male juni


We examined the associations between 5-year-old children's private speech, behavioural self-regulation, and cognitive abilities. Behavioural self-regulation was assessed using parental and preschool teacher questionnaires. Cognitive abilities (i.e., language, inhibition, planning and fluency, and memory) were assessed with neurocognitive tests, and the effectiveness of private speech (i.e., whether the child performs better when using speech than when not using speech) with the Hammer Task. About 43% of the children used private speech spontaneously, and about 76% performed better on the Hammer Task when they used speech. Associations between behavioural self-regulation and speech effectiveness were few, but all cognitive scores were significantly associated with the speech effectiveness score, i.e., the poorer the child's neurocognitive test performance was, the more he/she benefited from using speech. The findings lend support to the relevance of children's cognitive abilities when seeking understanding on the development, use, and effectiveness of private speech.


This article is devoted to the to the basic questions of Jean Pauls writer's works and his literary contact with german romantics writers.


Recent developments in understanding and modelling the behaviour of individuals in a transport context have generated a lot of discussion of the need to identify the markets within which a range of transport policies can be directed. There has been a large amount of research into the use of variables selected as segmentation variables on a priori argument in identifying variations in traveller behaviour, but a limited amount of work into a systematic segmentation for the total population in order to identify appropriate market segments (or groups of individuals) with respect to the particular issue under investigation. Since there are as many market segments as there are issues, it is inappropriate to generalise the role of variables found to be appropriate explanations of variations in behaviour with respect to a particular issue. This paper discusses the general problem of classification as a prior requirement to estimating, and then illustrates the application of a technique designed to identify types of groups of travellers who respond relatively similarly to an issue such as the number of trips to the shops at a particular time of day. The method has the prime aim of generating mutually exclusive sub-groups of the total sample which are individually used in estimation of choice models (each model being one of a set where prior classification has assisted in reducing the amount of variance to be explained by each choice model) and thus improving the predictive capability of the overall set of choice models. Since each group is different, then different policies might be appropriate in achieving a desired outcome. This approach is consistent with developments designed to produce improved aggregate travel demand models which have not lost, prior to estimation, a large amount of the variance to be explained, as is the case with traditional aggregate models. /Author/TRRL/


We consider the problem of nonlinear distributed continuous-discrete estimation. An algorithm showing how to combine optimal estimates made at local stations to obtain the optimal global estimate given all measurement data is presented.


Altered cerebral autoregulation (CA) in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients may contribute to increased stroke risk in this population; the gold standard treatment for OSA is continuous positive airway pressure, which improves cerebrovascular regulation and may decrease the risk of stroke. Isocapnic‐hypoxia impairs CA in healthy subjects, but it remains unknown in OSA whether impaired CA is further exacerbated by isocapnic‐hypoxia and whether it is improved by treatment with continuous positive airway pressure. During normoxia, CA was altered in the more severe but not in the less severe OSA patients, while, in contrast, during isocapnic‐hypoxia, CA was similar between groups and tended to improve in patients with more severe OSA compared to normoxia. From a clinical perspective, one month of continuous positive airway pressure treatment does not improve CA. From a physiological perspective, this study suggests that sympathetic overactivity may be responsible for altered CA in the more severe OSA patients.


The focus on comparisons of specialists and generalists is misguided—good diabetes care depends upon a team

The comparison of outcomes among generalists and specialist remains a matter of considerable and sometime acrimonious debate. A number of recent studies, usually using intermediate outcomes, have resulted in differing conclusions as to who provides the "best" care. Confounding factors, including referral biases, shared care, and illness burden remain methodological challenges and both groups continue to argue the point.1,2 Methodological shortcomings aside, the paper in this issue by McAlister et al 3 (see page 6) is novel in that it uses all-cause mortality for patients with new onset diabetes as a criterion by which to compare specialists and generalists. All-cause mortality is perhaps the ultimate summary outcome, and one that has previously been proposed as a quality measure for assessing quality of outpatient care for systems of care.4 The provocative finding of the current study is that specialist care is associated with a survival disadvantage. This survival disadvantage occurred despite the seemingly better performance of specialists in process measures of diabetes quality such as use of statins, antiplatelet agents, and ACE inhibitors, and was robust across several sets of analyses.

 The provocative finding of the current study is that specialist care was associated with a survival disadvantage

In the era of public reporting and pay for performance in the UK and US, this paper raises a number of issues for how and whether to assess quality measurement among different clinical groups, using diabetes as the example. First, sample size limitations would preclude the use of mortality comparisons at the individual physician and probably at the system level as well. Furthermore, it is clear from both the current manuscript and prior work that even system level comparisons require high quality …


Conventional and molecular diagnosis considered as a complementary approach for making a final decision about causative agent of all microbial population, the present study was conducted in Kalar General Hospital, Dermatology unit and research laboratory center in Garmian University. Out of thirty clinically collected specimens only five samples displayed positive dermatophytic  characters against microscopic and macroscopic as well as biochemical tests, such appearances of isolated colonies as white and brown color for both surface and reverse respectively, as well as, the colonies showed with a cottony texture which changed to powdery-granular colonies after two weeks incubation. Microscopic examination appeared numerous single-celled, spherical shaped microconidia were seen as clustered on both sides of hyphae, furthermore, multiseptate cigar shaped macroconidia and spiral hyphae were seen during the formation of granular colonies, biochemically analysis showed positive for urease and hair perforation testes. Molecular identification carried out via conventional PCR protocol by using the primers set ITS1 and ITS4 which result in 700bp in agarose gel electrophoresis for all isolates. PCR-RFLP carried out by means of using BstN1 digestion enzyme revealed four separated pattern bands 250,180,150 and 120bp. Sequencing of the ITS region in one of the isolated species revealed  that  similarity about 86% with Trichophyton mentagrophytes ATCC11481


Eating influences the sympathetic nerve control of the heart. However, few work has been done to reveal the influence of social exposure on eating-related sympathetic nerve activity. This work analyzes 14 subjects' eating RR interval series acquired before, during and after their eating alone and eating with social exposure. Statistic test shows that social exposure has significant influence on eating-related RR interval change. Two RR interval parameters, the mean and the number of times of continuous RR decrease in more than 6 heart beats, are used to classify the eating data and the non-eating data. The true positive rate and the true negative rate of eating detection are respectively 82.14% and 78.57% for the leave-one-out cross validation of a SVM classifier.


Today's pre-service early childhood educators will become the teachers of next generation young children. To create an environmentally sensitive society, they have a crucial role. It is important to understand how they perceive nature and its integration to teaching practices. In the current study, 26 Turkish pre-service early childhood educators were asked to draw nature and respond three-open ended question; "(1) What is nature? (2) Would you like to integrate nature into your future teaching practices? Why? (3) How would you plan to integrate nature into your future teaching practices?" Written answers to these questions and pre-service early childhood teachers' drawings were analyzed thematically. Findings revealed that pre-service early childhood educator defined nature as "(1) living and non-living; (2) source and (3) system" and their drawings included "flora, atmospheric features, fauna, geographical features and human-made stuff", respectively. All participants revealed that they would like to integrate nature into their future teaching practices and mostly given reason for nature integration was increasing children's environmental awareness. More than half of the participants reported that they would integrate nature into their future teaching practices via outdoor activities, it is followed by science and indoor activities. Through critically evaluating these findings, suggestions were presented for teacher training programs and future researchers.


In this paper, we deduced a macroscopic traffic model on the uphill and downhill slopes by employing the transformation relation from microscopic variables to macroscopic ones based on a microscopic car-following model considering the velocity difference between adjacent vehicles. The angle [Formula: see text] of the uphill and downhill and the gravitational force have a great impact upon the stability of traffic flow. The linear stability analysis for macroscopic traffic model yielded the stability condition. The Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation is derived by nonlinear analysis and the corresponding solution to the density wave near the neutral stability line is obtained. By using the upwind finite difference scheme for simulation, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of traffic flow on the uphill and downhill are attained. The unstable region is shrunken with slope of the gradient increasing and backward-traveling density waves gradually decrease and even disappear on uphill. Conversely, the unstable region on downhill is extended and density waves propagate quickly backward to the whole road with slope of the gradient increasing.


: Wireless communication systems using Tomlinson-Harashima precoding (THP) suffer from modulo operation error in noisy environments. The error causes fatal performance degradation when soft-input forward error correction is applied because the conventional soft demappers provide unreliable log-likelihood ratio (LLR) values. In this paper, we propose an ef fi cient low complexity soft demapper with reliable LLR values for expanded M -QAM constellations of the THP systems. Computer simulations are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed demapper.


One-dimensional modeling of steady frictional radial flow of a perfect gas through a high-pressure piezoelectrically actuated microvalve under low leak-rate conditions is studied. Focusing on the micro-scale gap between the boss and seat plates, a model was developed for axisymmetric flow between two thermally insulated, parallel disks flowing radially toward an outlet hole at the center of the bottom disk. The fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm was utilized to integrate a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that govern the variations of flow properties. The most notable observation is that of a drastic increase in density and static pressure in contrast to a rather small increase in the Mach number (or velocity). The total pressure drop was also shown to be significant across the seat rings. A 2D Stokes flow model was also derived for incompressible, axisymmetric, radial flow between two concentric parallel disks in order to verify the trends of the flow property variations from the compressible radial flow model. The Stokes flow model trends for both static and total pressure concurred with the predictions of the radial compressible flow model. In addition, a comparison of Stokes flow values for both the static pressure rise and the total pressure drop to that of the numerical results demonstrates the necessity of accounting for compressibility effects.


Background : Some European countries have guidelines which suggest that women should not receive mercury containing dental amalgam fillings during pregnancy. The rationale for this was based on the fact that amalgam contains and releases mercury which has been associated with fetal growth retardation, increase in the rate of birth defects, infertility and miscarriage in animal model. Objective : The objective of this study was to determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices of dentists with regards to amalgam use in pregnancy Methods : This study was a questionnaire-based, descriptive cross-sectional study of dentists in public and private dental clinics in the South- South geopolitical zone of Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17.0. The analysis was done using frequency distribution, cross-tabulations and test of significance with chi square. Results were considered to be statistically significant if p <0.05. Results : Most of the respondents were in the age group 26-30 years with 62.2 % of them males giving a male female ratio of 1:0.6. A little above half (53.2%) of the respondents thought that amalgam does not pose any risk to the fetus if amalgam fillings are placed during pregnancy. A majority (78.2%) reported having placed amalgam filling in pregnant women. More respondents placed amalgam fillings as their level and duration of training increased. Conclusion : Nigerian dentists are generally comfortable placing amalgam fillings in pregnant women notwithstanding the controversies surrounding the use of amalgam. Key words: amalgam, pregnancy, dentist, knowledge


Introduction. Skin ageing is a natural process occurring under the influence of endogenous and exogenous factors. Due to its properties, resveratrol can be used as an active ingredient of anti‑ageing cosmetics intended for skin protection against the photoaging process.Aim. The aim of this research paper was to assess the influence of a series of treatments and home skin care based on preparations containing resveratrol and other natural ingredients, on the facial skin ageing processes delay.Material and Methods. The study included 15 women, aged 30–65, with healthy facial skin and with minor or major signs of skin ageing, such as: loss of moisture, loss of skin firmness, enlarged pores, or wrinkles. The study consisted in performing a series of 3 Resveravit C Peel 50% Back To Comfort treatments at a beauty studio, supplemented with home skin care with the use of Resveravit C anti‑ageing preparations, and skin analysis with the use of POLDERMA EXPLORE 3D instrument, before and after the treatment. Statistical analysis was performed.Results. Skin parameters analysis has shown that Resveravit C Peel 50% Back To Comfort treatment and home treatment with Resveravit C anti‑ageing improved the skin firmness, reduced the number of wrinkles, and enlarged pores, and reduced brown spots.Conclusions. Treatments and cosmetic preparations containing resveratrol can effectively reduce the signs of skin ageing.


The present study was based on the data collected on 3051 Karan Fries cows (1971–2000) maintained at the National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal. Pedigree of each animal born during this period was traced back up to foundation stock. Only 2741 Karan Fries animals had complete pedigree records. Paternal and maternal generations were determined separately. Cows up to fifth generation from paternal side and ninth generation from maternal side in Karan Fries were observed. The averages for first lactation traits, viz. FL305DMY, FLTMY, FLL, FSP, FDP, FCI, MY/FLL, MY/FCI were 2 470.35±80.75 kg, 2822.91±121.94 kg, 315.25±10.10 days, 127.69±11.27 days, 80.72±5.96 days, 423.20±13.17 days, 8.76±0.29 kg and 7.78±0.28 kg, and the average herd life (HL) was 1809.80±85.11 days. Generation-wise evaluation of the performance revealed that performance deteriorated after first generation. But from second generation onwards no definite trend was observed. Low to moderate heritability estimates were observed for various first lactation production, reproduction traits and herd life, while, relatively high estimate of heritability were observed for MY/FLL, MY/FCI. These high estimates of heritabiliy indicate that there is enough scope for improvement in these traits through selection. However, low to moderate heritability estimates for FDP, FLL, FLTMY, FL305DMY suggest that these traits can be improved through progeny testing and/or family selection. Improvement in managemental practices could also improve these traits. Positive estimate of phenotypic and genetic correlations between FL305DMY, FLTMY and FLL with FSP, FDP, FCI, MY/FLL, MY/FCI and HL, confirms high producing animals were generally poor with respect to reproduction traits but due to their high producing ability, animals were kept in the herd for longer periods


After carrying out the field experiments,in this study the yield of long stapled cotton and the bud-boll falling-off rates of cotton plants under surface irrigation with different volumes,i.e.,W1=2 400 m3/hm2,W2=3 600 m3/hm2,W3=4 800 m3/hm2,W4=6 000 m3/hm2 and W5=7 200 m3/hm2 in 15 districts,are researched,and the experiments were repeated three times.Moreover,the variance analysis and the multiple comparison of cotton yield and the bud-boll falling-off rate of cotton plants under surface irrigation with different volumes are carried out.The results show that the irrigation volume varies in a range of 5 900~6 000 m3/hm2 when the yield of long stapled cotton is the highest,and the bud-boll falling-off rate of cotton plants is high under surface irrigation with too high or too low volume.Therefore,irrigation with suitable volume is very important for decreasing bud-boll falling-off rate of cotton plants and increasing cotton yield.In Aksu region in south Xinjiang,for example,the bud-boll falling-off rate of cotton plants is the lowest and the cotton yield is the highest when irrigation volume varies in a range of 5 900~6 000 m3/hm2.


ABSTRACT The reality of the nature that we see can have multiple messages and meanings. Some of these are patent and continuously communicate with the individual, but others are hidden and are more difficult to unravel. A deep, contemplative and scrutinizing gaze is necessary to detect these messages. Educating this "new" way of seeing can help reinforce a person-nature bond that includes the aesthetic appreciation of beauty. This work shows the education of the gaze related to the artist César Manrique and the special bond that he established with the island of Lanzarote. He describes some key experiences, considered to be significant life experiences (SLEs), that revealed deep and secret messages to him and made him understand the true magnitude of the person-nature bond.


In addition to licensing and monitoring treatment and research centres, the HFEA also monitors and licenses many procedures currently available for the treatment of infertility.


The surge voltage management is one of the most important issues in a recent high-voltage and high-frequency power electronics. Aiming to have an outstanding semiconductor surge absorber suited for a high voltage regime, we fabricate the silicon carbide(SiC)-based clamp diodes and evaluate their IV characteristics after the avalanche breakdown. It is shown that the current density can reach 10kA/cm2 while the voltage shift is restricted within 50V for the breakdown voltage $\mathbf{V}_{\mathbf{BR}}=433\mathbf{V}$.


Effective brand management is vital for building the necessary bond between an organization and its consumers. LG Electronics serves as a notable example of a global company that effectively communicates its brand in diverse markets. This study focuses on the remarkable case of LG Electronics' LCD Monitors and plasma TV screens to highlight critical elements of effective brand management across the different cultural contexts of the United Kingdom and the Russian Federation. The findings reveal that LG Electronics standardizes part of its logo and slogan in both cultures. However, the company uses different communication strategies in the UK and Russia. Specifically, LG uses a differentiated strategy with regard to both the visual and the written components of its high-involvement print advertisements. However, it uses a mixed strategy of standardized visual and differentiated written components in its low-involvement TV advertisements. These differences in LG Electronics' print and TV advertisement strategies in two diverse cultures augment contemporary brand management research.


One of the words that describe unique features of human beings is "Homo Ludens (Playing Man)". As humans enjoy abundant and prosperous lives and the quality of life is further improved, play is increasingly becoming a central value of human life. As part of play, ocean leisure is getting popular these days, and in turn demands for ocean leisure-related products in Korea, most of which are dependent on foreign markets, are growing. Therefore, it is required that local companies are quick to turn their eyes on the fast developing market. This research aims to help develop a design concept for bodyboard, more suitable for the domestic market, by analyzing products and reflecting customers` needs. The findings of this study are as follows: first, it is desirable that the target of bodyboard in domestic market is young people aged between 14 and 29 and its price ranges from 40,000 to 100,000 won; second, a tube-type bodyboard is appropriate for beaches in Korea mostly with small and gentle waves, as also shown in a survey that over 65% of those surveyed prefer a tube-type bodyboard, and lastly, the CMFF (Color, Material, Form, and Function) strategy was newly developed in this study in order to create new concept bodyboards.


The invention discloses a method for overcoming rib raising drawback of a cold-rolled steel strip, which controls the shape of a cold continuous rolled plate in a micro/medium wave plate shape mode. The micro/medium wave plate shape mode is controlled by four parameters, namely a, b, X0 and gain; X0 is equal to B/2-A5Dw-A6SU-A7h, wherein B represents the width of the steel strip, Dw represents the diameter of a working roll, SU represents the roll jumping position of an intermediate roll, h represents the thickness of the outlet of the steel strip, and A5, A6 and A7 are constants; a is equal to -1, b is equal to 0, and gain is between 13 and 18, the width of the cold-rolled steel strip is 1000mm, 1200mm, and 1250mm, the thickness is 0.35-0.5mm, and the width and the thickness have small fluctuation range. In the invention, the micro/medium wave plate shape mode is adopted, micro/medium waves are used to cover narrow waves, the over-centralized distribution of stress of the steel strip in the middle of the steel strip is relieved, the drawback of rib plate raising in cold-rolled steel strip in a rolling process is solved, and a better effect is achieved.


Photosynthetic and respiratory response of four Alaskan tundra species comprising three growth forms were investigated in the laboratory using an infrared gas analysis system. Vaccinium vitis-idaea, a dwarf evergreen shrub, demonstrated a low photosynthetic capacity: P max = 1 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-'; Topt < 100C. Betula nana, a deciduous shrub, had a high relatively photosynthetic capacity: Pmax = 14 mg CO2 g dry wt-' h-'; Topt 170C. Two graminoid (sedge) species, Carex aquatilis and Eriophorum vaginatum, showed different responses. Carex showed a high photosynthetic capacity: Pmax = 20 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-I; Topt 220C. Eriophorum vaginatum demonstrated an intermediate photosynthetic capacity of 4 mg CO2 g dry wt-1 h-1 at saturated light levels. Leaf dark respiration, up to 200C, was approximately the same for all species. The patterns of root respiration among species was opposite to the trend in photosynthesis. Vaccinium vitis-idaea had the highest rate of root respiration and B. nana the lowest (C. aquatilis was not measured). Correlation between leaf nitrogen content (%) and photosynthetic capacity was high. Hypothesized growth form relationships explained differences in photosynthetic capacity between the deciduous shrub and evergreen shrub, but did little to account for differences between the two sedges. Differences in rooting patterns between species may affect tissue nutrient content, carbon flux rates, and carbon balance.


Abstract To this date ψ Per is the only classical Be star that was angularly resolved in radio (by the VLA at λ = 2 cm). Gaussian fit to the azimuthally averaged visibility data indicates a disk size (FWHM) of ~500 stellar radii (Dougherty & Taylor 1992). Recently, we obtained new multi-band cm flux density measurements of ψ Per from the enhanced VLA. We modeled the observed spectral energy distribution (SED) covering the interval from ultraviolet to radio using the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code HDUST (Carciofi & Bjorkman 2006). An SED turndown, that occurs between far-IR and radio wavelengths, is explained by a truncated viscous decretion disk (VDD), although the shallow slope of the radio SED suggests that the disk is not simply cut off, as is assumed in our model. The best-fit size of a truncated disk derived from the modeling of the radio SED is 100+5 −15 stellar radii, which is in striking contrast with the result of Dougherty & Taylor (1992). The reasons for this discrepancy are under investigation.


The importance of the concept of public participation continues to gain great momentum in the circles of local government in South Africa. Public participation is a way of ensuring that local government is responsive to that which the public prioritizes as their development needs. Public participation in South Africa is very important as it is the backbone of the democratic state that the 1994 general elections introduced. In response to the importance of public participation in the local government, the South African government has passed several statutes to ensure that substance and emphasis is given to the country's local government sphere. These statutes include, amongst others, the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, the Municipal Structures Act 1998, the Municipal Systems Act 2000 and the Municipal Finance Management Act 2003. It is at the local government sphere where the public participation is primarily applied in order to promote both good governance and a responsive local government. This research project is an analysis of public participation in the integrated development planning processes of the Hibiscus Coast Local Municipality. This study acknowledges that public participation is an important component of transformation and democratization of local government. Legislation alone cannot meet this requirement and more still needs to be done to truly enhance public participation in local government. This study found that despite legislation that provides for the structures that the public must use to participate in the integrated development planning processes in the Hibiscus Coast local municipality; there is a need for the Hibiscus Coast municipality to develop its own


Accessible online at: www.karger.com/journals/res When asked about their interest in stopping smoking sometime in the future, 54% of smokers in the European Union state such an interest [1]. However, not all of these smokers actually make a serious attempt to give up and only a few percent succeed at each attempt [2]. Despite all kinds of approaches to control smoking, little is being done to decrease the prevalence of smoking in Europe. Smoking shortens the life of 50% of long-term smokers. Given this scenario, new ways to address this health problem need to be developed [3]. The need to find new approaches is even more compelling in the case where patients with severe COPD are either unable or unwilling to give up smoking with the traditional 'abrupt-quitting' method. For many physicians it is common to ask the patients to smoke less rather than give up smoking. This advice may be a way not to be too harsh with the patient, or even a solution for those who have failed to quit during many earlier attempts. The soft advice to smoke less almost always fails, mostly because the smoker is dependent on nicotine and therefore usually rapidly returns to the normal smoking rate. Most researchers and clinicians interested in the treatment of tobacco dependence know this. Therefore the prevailing attitude is not to give advice to smoke less or reduce smoking. The new approach suggested by Jimenez et al. [4] in this issue of Respiration is to substitute the 'lost' nicotine from an alternative source, e.g. from a nicotine chewing gum. Earlier studies [5, 6] have shown that nicotine replacement (NR) can aid smoking reduction in healthy subjects and also improve risk factors, e.g., cardiovascular disease [7, 8]. In the study of Jimenez et al. [4], 17 smokers with severe COPD who were unable or unwilling to stop smoking were offered to reduce their smoking with the aid of NR. Their tobacco dependence was severe, on average 9 points on the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), which ranges from 0 to 10. In a representative sample of smokers, only about 2% can be expected to have a dependence 18 points on the FTND [9]. Success in giving up smoking is related to the degree of dependence. Usually no more than 5–10% of smokers so heavily dependent can be expected to give up long term. Having moderate to severe COPD is a negative prognostic factor for giving up smoking, so if anything, a lower percentage could be expected. This means that if Jimenez et al. [4] had insisted on the 17 smokers to give up completely and abruptly, 1, or 2 at most, might have been able to give up long term. This would mean a reduction of 39–78 cigarettes per day (CPD); the mean baseline smoking was 39 CPD. That outcome should be compared to the 5 patients who reduced cigarette consumption by 85%, i.e. 165 CPD in total. Such a comparison has its weaknesses, since 1 or 2 patients would not have smoked at all, and it is possible that harm reduction is not linearly related to the reduction in the number of cigarettes smoked. What is particularly intriguing with this study is that we do not just observe a reduction in cigarettes smoked, but a consistent improvement in lung function, i.e. harm reduction. Reduced smoking can result in harm reduc-


Bolt-loosening can cause poor running quality of trains, even resulting in terrible accidents. Currently, existing bolt-loosening detection methods for running trains need 3D data of the whole train body, extremely decreasing the efficiency of fault detection. In this paper, we propose a fast bolt-loosening detection method for the running train's key components based on binocular vision. Since a train generally consists of many cars with the same structure, the position distribution of train's key components is regular and periodic. First, we propose a novel method to detect key component regions including bolts, taking full advantage of this periodic distribution rule. Second, the sub-pixel edges of the bolt cap and mounting surface in the localized regions are extracted and segmented, respectively, combining with the convolutional neural network (CNN). Finally, based on stereo matching and the binocular vision model, the 3D data of these edges are obtained to calculate the distance between the bolt cap and mounting surface. By comparing the calculated distance with the reference value, we can judge whether bolt-loosening has occurred. The experimental results indicate that multi-bolt looseness can be calculated simultaneously. The measurement repeatability and precision are superior to 0.03 and 0.08 mm, respectively, and the relative error is less than 1.42%.


and ends brings various issues and variables to the discussion about the antecedents of school effectiveness. Although teachers' level of professional development is clearly among the factors influencing student outcomes, little is known about the extent to which teachers connect administrative encouragement in their professional development with school effectiveness in school-based-managing (SBM) schools in which improved effectiveness is an expectation. Therefore, the following study attempts to assess to what extent teachers connect their professional development to school effectiveness and what is the relative importance of teacher proficiency in explaining perceived school effectiveness relative to other organizational features characterizing the inner school context and teacher–principal relations.


A fast and accurate statistical eye diagram estimation method for high-speed nonlinear links is proposed in this article. Probability density functions (PDFs) of output responses are derived based on multiple edge responses (MERs). According to the property that the influence of nonlinearity will not propagate for a long time in high-speed links, a new scheme for calculating the PDFs of responses is presented, in which the convolution process is divided into nonlinear section, transition section, and linear section. Convolutions via high-order of MERs are only used for the nonlinear section, low-order of MERs are used for the transition section, and double edge responses are used for the linear section. The new scheme can drastically reduce the amount of computation. The proposed method is verified by comparing the probability density distributions of the statistical eye diagram, the bathtub curves, and the simulation time with that of the traditional total MER-based statistical eye diagram. Results show that the simulation speed of the proposed method has been improved by more than ten times, and the accuracy is almost the same as the traditional statistical eye diagram for nonlinear links. This method provides an efficient and accurate solution for estimating the statistical and BER eye diagrams for serious nonlinear links.


The presente essay departs from a critical appraisal of what is, or would be, the "organized crime" to develop and contextualize the professional trajectory of a hypothetical young police officer, showing an ethnographic perception of the "frail frontiers" that separate police convenience, coexistence and connivance with illicit activities. It follows the lead provided by a common saying of Rio de Janeiro police officers - "the police have many bosses" - in order to criticize, palliate, explain or justify their "connection" or "involvement" with a wide variety of interests, including some that are associated with the so-called "organized crime". It also mentions the elements of a diagnosis of police "clientelization", which contextualize and shape the conditions of the possibility of using the police mandate for private purposes and its implications.


The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of teacher efficacy and collective self-esteem on the psychological burnout of nursery teachers. The research questions for this study were as followers. First, what is the influence of teachers efficacy on the psychological burnout of nursery teachers? Second, what is the influence of collective self-esteem on the psychological burnout of nursery teachers? Third, what is relative influence of teacher efficacy and collective self-esteem on the psychological burnout of nursery teachers? Although 300 nursery teachers who work in child care facilities in Busan participated in the study and completed, data from 270 teachers excluding date from 30 teachers were analyzed. Major results of this study were as follows. Collected data were analyzed using Multiple Regression. Teacher efficacy influenced the most loss of achievement and general teacher efficacy rather then personal teacher efficacy contributed more to the alleviation or prevention of psychological burnout. Second, collective self-esteem influence on the psychological burnout of nursery teachers depending upon aspects of burnout and sub-factors of collective self-esteem. Third, nursery teacher burnout on the collective self-esteem result of examining the relative influence teacher efficacy an higher. Theoretical and practical implications of these results were discussed. Finally, future research directions based upon the limitations of this study were suggested.


On the basis of the experimental research on wide flange L-shaped section columns with different flange width/thickness ratios,the effects of flange width/thickness ratio and different loading angle on the failure mode are studied primarily.The following conclusion can be drawn: for the performance of L-shaped section columns,flange width/thickness ratio,different loading angle and effect of embedded column are major factors.


We discuss an application of a generalisation of the Lock-Crisp-West theorem to concentrated random alloys. Using a theory developed for binary random alloys we explore a possibility of positron localisation in the new high temperature superconductors. 7 refs., 1 fig.


The management state of agricultural license is taken scientific and effective predictions so as to input the appropriate human, material and financial resources to avoid the unnecessary waste or investment shortfalls. Therefore, the changing trend of future agricultural license management in a particular region can be accurately predicted at maximum degree, which is an effective manner to promote the healthy development of agricultural machinery safety and supervision. It is introduced a mathematical model used as the forecast in many disciplines-Markov chains, and discussed how to apply the model in the trend forecasting of agricultural machinery license management in order to improve the forecasting accuracy.


Several parameters which affect the fuel consumption, performance, and top speed of a vehicle are vehicle weight, tire rolling resistance, aerodynamic drag and driveline configuration. Studies have indicated that it is possible to change each of these parameters to reduce the fuel consumption of a vehicle. However, the resulting performance characteristics must also be evaluated over the range of any changes. The purpose of this paper is to assess these vehicle design variables with respect to top speed, performance, and fuel economy.


This characterization of liquid phase sintered(LPS) SiC materials was studied for the elements of the high pressure valve. Especially, the effect of starting SiC particle size on the mechanical properties and microstructure was investigated, in conjunction with detailed analyses by SEM, XRD, bending test. The LPS-SiC materials were fabricated with the starting SiC particle sizes of 30㎚, 0.3㎛, 3.0㎛, respectively. The sintering additives were added to SiC particles with the constant composition ratio(Al₂O₃/Y₂O₃) of 1.5. The LPS-SiC materials were sintered by hot-pressing method at the temperature of 1820℃ under a argon atmosphere. The sintered LPS-SiC materials were shown dense morphology with the creation of a secondary phase. The increase of starting SiC particle sizes cause the degradation of the flexural strength with the increase of the micropores. In this study, the characterization of LPS-SiC materials was also examined by using nondestructive technique.


Renzo De Felice occupies a central and controversial position in the contemporary Italian historiography. Some so called «Marxist historians» subjected his political biography of Mussolini to a hail of criticism; others think it looks suspiciously like a rehabilitation of the fascism. The controversy over his work is not confined to academic circles. Periodically, it emerges in the Italian media and in political milieu, as it did in the mid-1970s and again early in 1988. The public attention given to the issues raised by De Felice and his critics marks the depth and continuing political debate over the place of fascism, antifascism, liberalism and democracy in Italian society. The context of that debate also furnished an interesting case study in the political use of history.
The querelle on the De Felice work has stretched over a quarter-century. A great controversy broke out in 1974, when the volume, Mussolini il Duce. I. Gli anni del consenso, 1926-1939, appeared. In 1988, it re-erupted when De Felice called for an end to the established antifascist political culture that undergirded Italian political life since the end of World War II, but the argument quickly became absorbed in the larger debate over Stalinism and the Italian Left. By 1996, changes in both the cultural and political world had created a more receptive
atmosphere for De Felice's historiography, although dispute and debate over his methods and conclusions continued.


For the open winding permanent magnet synchronous motor (OW-PMSM) with leg open-circuit faults, a novel zero-sequence current (ZSC) suppression method with asymmetric zero-sequence voltage (ZSV) injection is proposed in this article. To realize the fault-tolerant control (FTC) in leg open-circuit fault conditions, the leg-sharing method is developed, where the output terminal of the faulty leg is connected to that of the remaining equivalent leg. However, the ZSC increases in the FTC mode, which causes severe torque ripple and system performance degradation. If the traditional ZSC suppression method is still adopted, the suppression performance is decreased. Besides, an undesired voltage vector is introduced, resulting in current distortion. To solve these problems, a novel ZSC suppression strategy is put forward. By asymmetrically adjusting the voltage output of the remaining legs, the ZSC of OW-PMSM in FTC mode can be effectively suppressed. Moreover, the proposed strategy is suitable for both the single-leg and double-leg FTC modes, where the ZSC suppression performance is almost the same as that of the traditional method in normal operation mode. Furthermore, experiments are performed on an OW-PMSM to verify the effectiveness of the proposed ZSC suppression scheme.


Using the phenomenon of deviance by employees against the rules of the formal work organization as the behavior of interest, the differential saliences of both formal (i.e., management) and informal (i.e., co-worker) sanction severity are empirically compared. As hypothesized, the perceived threat of informal sanctions by one's fellow co-workers explains both property deviance and production deviance far better than the perceived severity of the more formal responses initiated by management. Further, if the two forms of social control are causally ordered, we find that management actions to constrain deviant employees do have an effect, albeit indirect, in that formal sanctions operate on deviance indirectly by shaping the informal sanctions.


This paper analyzes the regional logistics disparity and its affective factors with the panel data of 30 different provinces in China from 1998 to 2007,and their contributions to the disparity in the regional logistics development.As is revealed in the study,the gaps between the logistics development in the eastern,central and western regions of China are expanding continuously,and such factors of human capital storage,network density of logistics,market openness and regional logistics policies have remarkable positive effect on the regional logistics development.In the light of the Shapley Value,the paper concludes that what has contributed to the disparity of regional logistics development can be ranked decreasingly as,firstly,the local provincial factors,then the human resources storage,the network density of logistics,the openness of market,and finally,the relevant local logistics policies.


SUMMARY Hereditary symbiosis between the systemic, clavicipitaceous fungus Atkinsonella hypoxylon (Pk.) Diehl and five taxa of eastern North American Danthonia (Poaceae) was investigated by cultural and histological techniques. Many species of Danthonia, including D. alleni (or D. spicata var. alleni), D. compressa, D. epilis, D. sericea, and D. spicata produce both terminal panicles of wind-pollinated florets and obligately self-pollinated cleistogamous florets in the lower leaf axils, unlike most grasses. Terminal florets are aborted by infection while the basal florets produce viable, infected seeds (caryopses). The fungus grew out of surface-sterilized cleistogamous seeds and seedlings at high frequency in progenies from infected plants but not from uninfected plants. Infection of seeds from terminal panicles from apparently healthy plants was lacking in 11 of 13 population samples from all taxa and was infrequent in two other populations. Growth chamber tests indicated that germination rates of infected and uninfected seeds of D. epilis were similar. Microscopic observations of sections of seeds and seedlings revealed that the fungus occurred epiphytically on meristems, in leaf axils, and on leaf primordia. Because infected plants are partially fertile, the fungus may be repeatedly transmitted for many generations via self-fertilized cleistogamous seeds. The basal, and often subterranean, location of cleistogamous seeds may facilitate high infection frequencies in those Danthonia populations where cleistogamous seedling establishment predominates.


The Second Amendment plays a massive – some would say outsized – role in our often-dysfunctional national gun debate. It serves as a banner for gun-rights supporters, a common enemy for gun-control advocates, and a consistent headache for scholars, lawyers, and judges. But the full force of the Amendment's influence over the scope and extent of gun control cannot be found in casebooks.


In this paper, we consider the existence theorem of solutions for the well-known equilibrium problem EP(f,K) in LC-metric spaces. First, we establish an intersection theorem on C-spaces via a generalized HKKM mapping. Then we prove our main existence result for EP(f,K), where the constraint region K is compact. Without compactness, we also improve our main theorem under an usual coercive condition. As well, we can substitute HKKM mapping and continuity of f by the concept of C-property and g-monotonicity, respectively. Finally, based on the dual equilibrium problem DEP(f,K), we try to find a link to make sure of the existence of solutions to EP(f,K). In addition, when the bifunction f is equipped with pseudomonotonicity or quasimonotonicity, we further compare a kind of coercive condition C_s and a weaker condition C_w to see the influence on the solution set of EP(f,K).


The MEMS makes miniaturization, being the low in cost and the mass production of the precise mechanism parts and the modules of the machine, the optics, and fluid and so on possible. Also, it is the technology of "pivot" which differentiates a product and it is indispensable to strengthen the international competitiveness of the product. However, specifically in Japan, the specific company, which has the strong in-house application, was developing MEMS in large volume so far. As for this report, the intention of the MEMS foundry service industry committee which was started in July, 2002 to promote industry of MEMS in a little with numerous kind, and the best field of the participation company, an activity is explained. It is keen to contribute to the competitiveness reinforcement by the industry in a wide range of fields using MEMS by a lot of people.


Salmonella spp. are the important pathogens both economically and clinically in animals as well as human. Some of them have highly zoonotic potentials even though they are asymptomatic in animals. Therefore, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in animals is highly concerned for human health. The present study was carried out to investigate the prevalence, antimicrobial resistance and PFGE patterns of Salmonella spp. isolated from chickens at slaughterhouse in Incheon area. The overall isolation rate of Salmonella spp. from cloaca and cecum specimens was 7.3 % (37/510). Thirty seven isolates of Salmonella spp. were identified to 5 serotypes; S. Enteritidis, S. Newport, S. Typhimurium, S. Gallinarum, and S. Derby with prevalence of 46.0%, 40.5%, 8.1%, 2.7%, and 2.7%, respectively. Resistance to nalidixic acid was found in 97.3% of Salmonella spp. isolated, followed by streptomycin (16.2%), tetracycline (16.2%), ampicillin (5.4%). Only 6 isolates (16.2%) showed resistance to more than two antimicrobials. In PFGE analysis of chicken and human isolates with Xba I, S. Enteritidis isolates from chicken showed very high similarity over 82.8% and also the similarity was very high in the comparison with human isolates. However, the higher similarity (100%) was observed among chicken isolates of S. Typhimurium. These results suggest the close genetic relatedness of Salmonella spp. isolated from chickens with human.


We report on a double negative metamaterial operating at 0.5 THz. The structure is based on a stack of several metallic arrays patterned with subwavelength apertures. Following the characterisation via TeraHertz Time Domain Spectroscopy, (THz-TDS), dispersion parameters are retrieved using a Fresnel inversion technique. A left handed-band is evidenced around 0.48 THz corresponding to a −3dB level of transmission. This high value is explained by impedance matching condition, as a consequence of the holes shape optimization. The left-handed propagation is explained by means of a lumped element circuit, used to model multi-mode propagation. Finally, we give some simulation results of the negative refraction trough a prism-like structure while the experimental verification is under progress. This work paves new ways in the domains of beam conforming and far field imaging at submillimeter and far infrared wavelengths.


To determine the frequency of neonatal anaerobic bacteremia in clinically septic infants we did a 10 month prospective study employing a technique applicable in a clinical bacteriology laboratory. Specimens of 0.5-1.0 ml of blood were introduced into pre-reduced anaerobically sterilized culture medium containing 50 ml Trypricsse soy broth with CO2, sucrose and .025-.05% SPS. Cultures were subcultured at 24 hrs. and processed by a laboratory using techniques recommended by the Center for Disease Control. Special care was taken to avoid aerating the specimen or the bottle. 194 specimens from two tertiary neonatal centers were cultured. Gestational ages varied from 28 to 42 weeks. Longest hospital stay was 60 days. 8% of all cultures were positive. Two (1%) grew anaerobes.A previous study employed research level techniques and 26% of positive cultures were anaerobes. Because of very much lower yield from techniques presently available to clinical bacteriology laboratories, we doubt the value of routinely culturing for anaerobes in neonates. We suggest that when there is reason to suspect unresponsive anaerobic infection a specialized laboratory be used to process a repeat blood specimen before a change in therapy. Since B. fragilis is practically the only anaerobe resistant to combined penicillin and aminoglycocide treatment, the most logical strategy in managing sepsis unresponsive to routine measures is to add chloramphenicol or carbenicillin to the regimen.


Trichloromethyl radicals have been allowed to react with 1-fluorobutane and 1,1,1-trifluoropentane in the gas phase. Arrhenius parameters have been obtained for the attack at each individual site in these molecules.


Time‐frequency representations applied to target scattering enable one to observe target characteristics that are of particular interest in inverse scattering problems. In this work such representations are extended to targets placed in a shallow water environment where target characteristics as well as shallow water characteristics appear in the time‐frequency domain. The Gabor transformation is applied to scattering from an elastic shell placed in a bounded medium to display the combination of the waveguide effects (shallow water propagation) and the target effects (elastic wave propagation). The use of such representations for classification purposes is discussed.


Restricted by time,space and resources,carrier aircraft dynamic scheduling,a complex issue with multiple tasks,is an important guarantee for the combat efficiency of aircraft carrier. This paper introduces the application and characteristics of carrier aircraft scheduling,makes a comparative analysis of the optimization,simulation,multi-agent method,intelligent research and planning concerning applicability of the research methods of carrier aircraft dynamic scheduling,and concludes that one of the main solutions to carrier aircraft dynamic scheduling is the intelligent planning,which requires command staff's experience during the process of plan making and carrier aircraft scheduling.


We report mode competition in an double injection seeded optical parametric ring oscillator. The influence of the resonator dependent losses of the two injected wavelengths are investigated.


Carrying capacity calculation of railway sections plays an important role in the development of railway transport.Based on principle of direct calculation method,the paper,with integration of train working diagram design,builds up a calculation model for carrying capacity of double-tracked railway section.The calculation with the model of the carrying capacity of XinZhengzhou-XinXuchang section on Zhengzhou-Wuhan Passenger-dedicated Line proves validity of the model.


The normal torque distribution of the P2.5 hybrid system is based on the strategy of open-loop engine control, dynamic engine torque estimation and the motor torque compensation. To meet the rapid acceleration and the deceleration, the motor torque is compensated according to the estimated engine torque to satisfy the driver torque request first, and then satisfy the battery charge torque. Other torque distribution strategies are defined according to the special working conditions below:1) To improve the efficiency of the engine and the response of the system and to avoid the drop of engine speed, the motor compensation enabled condition and torque distribution strategy is defined.2) To enhance the performance of fuel consumption and emission during the catalyst heat phase, the catalyst heat phase is divided into two phases and the torque distribution strategy is defined. 3) To decrease the battery heat time and extend the battery health life, the battery heat enabled condition and torque distribution are defined. The vehicle results are conducted and show that the normal torque distribution control can meet the acceleration and deceleration goal and drivability performance. The motor compensation can meet the driver torque by the motor and avoid the drop of the engine speed. The control of the catalyst heat phase can do good to the emission and fuel consumption.


In [1], J. Dyer, A. Pedersen and P. Porcelli announced that an affirmative answer to the invariant subspace problem would imply that every reductive operator is normal. Their argument, outlined in [1], provides a striking application of direct integral theory. Moreover, this method leads to a general decomposition theory for reductive algebras which in turn illuminates the close relationship between the transitive and reductive algebra problems. The main purpose of the present note is to provide a short proof of the technical portion of [1] : that invariant subspaces for the direct integrands of a decomposable operator can be assembled "in a measurable fashion". The general decomposition theory alluded to above will be developed elsewhere in a joint work with C. K. Fong, though we do present a summary of some of its consequences below. All Hubert spaces discussed in this paper will be separable and all operators will be bounded. We use the term 'algebra' to refer to an identity—containing algebra of operators which is closed in the weak operator topology. A transitive algebra is an algebra having no nontrivial invariant subspaces; more generally, an algebra is called reductive if it is reduced by each of its invariant subspaces. The reader is referred to [2] or [3] for the details of direct integral theory; the primary purpose of the following summary is to fix notation. Let JU be the completion of a finite positive regular Borel measure supported on a or-compact subset of a separable metric space A and let {en}9 l^n^co, be a collection of disjoint Borel subsets of A with union A. Let hx ç h2 s • • • ç/joo be a sequence of Hubert spaces with hn having dimension n and h^ spanned by the remaining hn s. We write h = $A 0 h{X)fi (dX) for the Hubert space of (equivalence classes of) weakly measurable functions ƒ from A into / ^ such that for X e en9 f(X) e h(X)=hn9 and JA \\f(X)\\ fx (dX)<oo. The element in h represented by the function X-^f(X) is denoted by J A 0 / ( % ( ^ ) .


ABSTRACT The twin-arginine transport (Tat) system is essential for cell viability in Sinorhizobium meliloti and may play a role during the development of root nodules. Utilizing an in vivo recombination strategy, we have constructed 28 strains that contain deletions in predicted Tat substrates. Testing of these mutations for symbiotic proficiency on the plant hosts alfalfa and sweet clover shows that some of these mutations affect associations with these hosts differentially.


We compare the performance of two popular iterative algorithms, fictitious play and counterfactual regret minimization, in approximating Nash equilibrium in multiplayer games. Despite recent success of counterfactual regret minimization in multiplayer poker and conjectures of its superiority, we show that fictitious play leads to improved Nash equilibrium approximation with statistical significance over a variety of game classes and sizes.


In an attempt to understand the dynamics of transposable elements (T'S) in the genome of host species, we investigated the distribution, representativeness and conservation of DNA sequences homologous to the Drosophila melanogaster gypsy retrotransposon in 42 drosophilid species. Our results extended the knowledge about the wide distribution of gypsy in the genus Drosophila, including several Neotropical species not previously studied. The gypsy-like sequences showed high divergence compared to the D. melanogaster gypsy element. Furthermore, the conservation of the restriction sites between gypsy sequences from phylogenetically unrelated species pointed to a more complex evolutionary picture, which includes the possibility of the horizontal transfer events already described for this retrotransposon.


How did the residents of Kuban region perceive the agrarian transformations that the Soviet authorities carried out in the post-revolutionary period? The archival sources studied in this paper reveal the attitude of the villagers to the land and tax policies of the Soviet state, their sentiments towards Soviet modernisation, as well as the relationship between Cossacks and non-residents during the land management campaign. While the history of the Kuban villages in the 1920s has attracted the interest of many researchers and regional historians, the sentiments and attitudes of the population towards the agrarian reforms by the Soviet authorities have so far received little attention. The measures of the Soviet state contributed not only to the eradication of the traditional Cossack culture but also radically altered the socio-economic and cultural profile of the Kuban villages, leading to the loss of Cossack identity. The article analyses the role of the Soviet authorities in the imposition of a socialist order. In the 1920s, their aim was the dissemination of proSoviet sentiments among the Kuban grain farmers. To this end, party and state authorities used various means and methods. Therefore, the study of the sentiments and attitude towards the Soviet authorities' actions has become an important channel for obtaining information. The Soviet organs attempted to investigate the attitudes of the farmers and took these data in account for adjusting their policies. The documents produced in this process have been a central source for the present article. In the 1920s the authorities launched a largescale ideological project to make the Kuban population accept the Soviet worldview and embrace an archetypical Soviet mentality. In particular the poor and the non-urban population became pillars of social support for the new regime. The mechanisms that the Soviets applied for studying the sentiments of the Kuban grain farmers, together with other instruments of control and coercion, allowed the authorities to conduct a fairly successful Sovietisation campaign in the region, and to attract new proselytes to their side.


With the rising popularity of network-based applications and the potential use of mobile ad hoc networks in civilian life, an efficient resource discovery service is needed in such networks for quickly locating resource providers. In addition, to improve user experience, QoS awareness is also crucial. There are several methods in resource discovery, but they are not suitable for the ad hoc network. In this paper, a new architecture is put forward. The key technology is self-organized discovery agent. These agents manage the directory information of resources using hash indexing. They also dynamically partition the network into domains and collect intra- and inter-domain QoS information to select appropriate providers. In the last paragraph, the future research is mentioned too.


In Lessbrook Pty Ltd (in liq) v Whap; Stephen; Bowie; Kepa & Kepa [2014] QCA 63 the Queensland Court of Appeal dealt with significant questions of general application relating to the appointment of assessors to conduct an assessment of costs under the Uniform Civil Procedure Rules 1999 (Qld) (UCPR).


In order to study the effect of ground cover and forest soil under Abies fabri forest on the Gongga Mountain (29°20^~30°20^N, 101°30^~102°15^E) on soil and water conservation and water source conservation, the authors got hydrological characteristic parameters such as the maximum water holding capacity, water absorption speed of ground cover and physical characteristic parameters such as the total porosity, the capillary porosity of the forest soil through the water holding characteristic experiment of the ground cover and the forest soil experiment under four types of Abies fabri forest (the young stand, the mid-age stand, the mature stand and the overmature stand). The result shows that the maximum water holding capacity of the moss under the mature stand is the maximal, which is 343.5% of its dry weight, that of the moss under the overmature stand is 284.5%, that of the moss under the mid-age stand is 282.5%, that of the moss under the young stand is 250%. The maximum water holding capacity of the litter under the mature stand is 301.8% of its dry weight, that of the litter under the overmature stand is 226.4%, that of the litter under the mid-age stand is 209.4%, that of the litter under the young stand is 205.4%. The equation between the water absorption speed of the ground cover and the immersing time is S = kt~n. The density of the forest soil on the Gongga Mountain is 0.851~1.136 g/cm~3, the saturated capacity is 55.29%~83.96%, the capillary holding capacity is 44.48%~75.41%. The field holding capacity is 39.50%~65.86%.


In recent years, medicinal plants play an important role in allopathic medicine, herbal medicine, homoeopathy and aromatherapy, as being the sources of many imperative drugs in the modern world. Use of potent herbal medicines like Breadfruit ( Artocarpus altilis ) belongs to Moraceae family against various ailments to reduce the adverse effects of various orthodoxallopathic medicines. The detrimental side effects of conventional antibiotics can be easily overcome by the use of these medicinal plants as analternative treatment of diseases by producing a variety of compounds of known therapeutic properties. Many research works are ongoing with Artocarpus altilis and paid more attention to its bioactive constituents for the development of newer medicines in the pharmaceutical field.


Dear Editor:

Turmoil ensued in March 2014 with changes to the Center for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) hospice medication billing guidance. The guidance required beneficiary-level prior authorization (PA) for all prescription medications not provided by hospice to determine whether these medications would be coverable under Medicare Part D.1 Medication coverage for hospice beneficiaries would be considered an "unusual and exceptional circumstance." Both hospice providers and the patients and families they served scrambled to adhere to PA requirements. Concerns were raised about barriers in accessing necessary medications and potential inappropriate costs to patients/families.

After three months of confusion, CMS revised guidance in consultation with hospice providers to relax PA requirements to include only four classes of drugs "identified as nearly always covered under the hospice benefit:" analgesics, antinauseants, laxatives, and antianxiety drugs.2 While this latest change provides some reprise from abruptly needing to decide whether to prescribe or discontinue chronic disease medications in hospice, problems remain that hinder clinical care, quality of life, and expenditures for families.

Hospice patients are prescribed many medications—a recent study showed nurses and families discuss four different medications on average (range 0–11) during a single home visit.3 It is often overwhelming for families to track refills, dosages, timing, and payment sources. Upon hospice enrollment, nurses initiate complex medication management and payment discussions, and counsel families and patients regarding medications for which the original prescribing indications may be unknown. As evidence emerges on benefits to stopping medications such as statins at the end of life,4 the importance of optimizing communication between hospice providers and families will continue to grow.

It is frequently difficult for families to understand that medications must be cut and why. Some medications hold psychological significance; patients are often told that certain medications should be taken "for the rest of your life." While stopping some medications makes medical sense when facing life-limiting illness, patient/family resistance is common. Medication discontinuation may signify "giving up" or going against the initial prescriber's orders. Training scripts to ensure family-centered communication in medication discussions can be helpful.

Tools developed at one hospice include (1) decision trees to determine which medications palliate and manage the terminal and related conditions, which are unrelated to the terminal prognosis, and which are no longer necessary or potentially harmful; (2) phrases that can be used to help align medication decisions with families' goals of care (e.g., "Can you share with me what you are hoping for with this medication?"); (3) phrases that can be used to align medication decisions with clinical evidence (e.g., "This pill is not medically advised because…"); and (4) communication strategies for ensuring patient understanding (e.g., teach back, repetition).5,6

These tools can be used by health care providers to discuss medications prior to hospice referral. Relying on hospice providers to assume the brunt of responsibility for shifting medication prescribing from cure to comfort care unfairly tasks hospice providers, and affords inadequate time for families to make informed decisions. It is time to upstream conversations about medication discontinuation, thus allowing families to prepare prior to their transition to hospice.


Article history: Received 23 February 2011 Received in revised form 27 May 2011 Accepted 30 May 2011 Available online 6 June 2011 Editor: M. Doser


The presented article explores the idea of the Human Zoo and the children's perception of the possibility of keeping people in the Zoo. From the point of view of analytical practice, the collected statements of children were examined by means of a critical discourse analysis understood by Fairclough as textual and linguistic social practices reflecting the symbolic structure. The children's statements show unequivocal resistance to the vision of exposure of the human body and strong species identification. The images of the Human Zoo make it possible to see the orientation to the perception of the species relationship in the normative dimension. This orientation takes place on an emotional level, confirming research in the field of moral development and the concept of emotivism. The reversal of order, in turn, shows the social order as a brutal genre struggle, activating the imaginary of nature perceived as threatening and dangerous.


This paper explains and illustrates the process Xerox uses at its factory in Ireland to return old document equipment (including photocopiers and printers) to an "as new" product. Through a series of industrial processes in a factory environment, a discarded product is completely disassembled. Usable parts are cleaned and restored to their "as new" condition before the product is reassembled with some new parts to produce a unit fully equivalent to the original new product. Although Xerox has made a profitable business from remanufacturing, there are many barriers to its wider development. This paper outlines some of these barriers to remanufacturing and outlines the development of a design method to enable better design for remanufacturing.


The invention relates to a Chinese medicinal preparation for treating cold, which is prepared from the following raw medicinal materials: raw gypsum, common anemarrhena rhizome, honeysuckle flower, forsythia 4-8, isatis, indigowoad leaf, laggera pterodonta, bupleurum, scutellaria, coptis, pueraria, lophatherum, dandelion, patrinia, xanthium, magnolia flower, angelica, phragmites, arnebia, platycodon, stiff silkworm, lycium bark, wax gourd seed, parsnip, red peony, indigo, myotonin, dioscorea, millet sprout, hawkthorn, lablab and liquorice root. The medicament is oral liquid, pulvis, powder, capsules, granules or tablets. A reparation method comprises: extracting the medicaments by water to prepare concentrated solution, and preparing the Chinese medicinal preparation according to a conventional method. The raw material medicaments adopted by the preparation are common Chinese medicaments, have low manufacturing cost and basically no toxicity and no side effect. The Chinese medicinal preparation has quick response and high treatment effect, can strengthen self-immunity and is suitable for common cold and influenza and in particular suitable for treating anemopyretic cold.


Spatial resolution of ECG can be increased using the information available from a subset of standard 12-lead ECG. This is usually achieved by learning a model between the standard 12-lead and its reduced lead subset. Since ECG signal contains significant amount of diagnostic information, it is important to learn a model which preserves this information. In this work, a patient specific model is proposed which utilizes the inter lead correlation in the transformed domain. The model is learned over Wavelet domain using Linear Regression. Performance of the model is evaluated using standard distortion measures such as correlation coefficient and root mean square error along with wavelet energy based diagnostic distortion. An analysis is also performed over the derived signal to quantify the loss of diagnostic information. The results show that the proposed model performs better in preserving diagnostic information in comparison to the existing linear models.


TO KEEP FROM FALLING into the most obvious traps that intercultural encounters bring along, like stereotyping or problems with adaptation, one would do well to read this handbook. It is based on Paul Verluyten's several years of teaching and training students in intercultural communication skills. Verluyten is not the first to write on this topic in the Low Countries. Verschueren (1987), Blommaert & Verschueren (1991), Oomkes & Thomas (1993), and Koole & ten Tije (1994) have published on the phenomenon of intercultural communication, but most of the timethe exception is Oomkes & Thomas-the methodological perspective has been linguistic pragmatics. As a result, we might typify Verluyten as the first handbook on the topic written and published in Flanders. As the author states in the preface:


This sketch will highlight the wide range of challenges the visual effects team faced in creating the 540 visual effects shots (on screen for some 48-minutes) in this film. Although the team developed cutting edge technology to solve many of the issues that had to be dealt with they were also careful to remain true to the original films. ILM made the decision early on to utilize miniatures for a number of sequences but they weren't necessarily used as you might have thought. Constructing the short-lived town known as Doomtown used both practical miniatures and digital technology to achieve the resulting sequence. It was also necessary to develop advanced smoke and particle simulation techniques for the iconic nuclear event sequence.
 Among the challenges was creating a digital jungle. The approach, capture as much incamera on location as possible and then augment that reality with digital jungle that integrated seamlessly. What's an Indiana Jones film without treacherous creatures that the characters have to contend with? This time around it's ants... over 200,000 of them to be exact. Creating the thousands of swarming jungle ants that had to attack and interact with the actors in a believable manner was a challenge all to itself.
 To create the vast destruction necessary on such a grand scale the team used newly developed 'fracture' technology that allowed for the volumetric fracture of intricate geometry in a realistic manner. A challenge that loomed for the duration of the project was the valley destruction sequence. We'll take a look at the mixture of miniature elements, digital environment and simulated water for the film's climactic finale.


The invention provides an access point, an access controller and the communication method. The method comprises the steps that the access point, a master access controller and a slave access controller establish an LWAPP tunnel simultaneously; the master access controller and the slave access controller perform synchronization to the access point information and the user information; switching is performed when the connection between the access point and the master access controller is interrupted, and the communication is performed through the established LWAPP tunnel and the slave access controller. The switching speed can be effectively enhanced according to the access point, the access controller and the communication method.


Motivated by the above possibility, we perform numerical simulations designed to elucidate the role of mean ocean salinity in climate. Using a coupled atmosphere-ocean general circulation model, we study a 100-year sensitivity experiment in which the global-mean salinity is approximately doubled from its present observed value, by adding 35 psu everywhere in the ocean. The salinity increase produces a rapid global-mean sea-surface warming of 0:8 C within a few years, caused by reduced vertical mixing associated with changes in cabbeling. The warming is followed by a gradual global-mean sea-surface cooling of 0:4 C within a few decades, caused by an increase in the vertical (downward) component of the isopycnal diffusive heat flux. Perhaps surprisingly, we find no evidence of impacts on the variability of the thermohaline circulation (THC) or El Nino/Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The mean strength of the Atlantic meridional overturning is reduced by 20% and the North Atlantic Deep Water penetrates less deeply. Nevertheless, our results dispute claims that higher salinities for the world ocean have profound consequences for the thermohaline circulation. We find, in fact, that the simulated climate is surprisingly insensitive to the global-mean salinity. Reference


Transition metal carbides, particularly tungsten carbide, are rather attractive due to their physical and mechanical properties [1]. They are characterized by the high melting point, unusual hardness, low friction coefficient, chemical inertness, oxidation resistance, and excellent electric conductivity. Nowadays, highly dispersed tungsten carbide powders appear to be very important for production of wear-resistant parts, cutters, non-iron alloys, etc.


There is much talking, writing and thinking being done at present on the concept of managing in organisations. The reason for this is not because the subject is now "in", but because it is probably the chief factor determining the welfare of an organisation. As long as we have organisations, ways and means of managing effectively will be thought about.


Recent studies suggest a critical yet unexplored role for local places such as cities and communities in category research. In this study, I investigate how places, as the nexus of cultural, political, and material influences, can shape category dynamics, especially in the early phases of category emergence. I synthesize insights from category work with recent conceptualizations of places as geographically bounded spaces, imbued with meanings and material forms. I conducted an in-depth qualitative field study of the emergence and expansion of a new category, transitional micro-housing villages, also known as Tiny Home Villages, in Eugene, a mid-size city in the United States in 2011–2019. The study unpacks the role of nested places in triggering, enabling, and constraining actors and their work to create, legitimate, and expand a category. Specifically, I highlight the role of local material forms and how actors can mobilize local spaces, technologies, and practices to advance their goals in contested category dynamics.


Information on atmospheric pressure may be used in local positioning systems based on wireless sensors networks. This paper discusses the possibility of improving positioning accuracy in multistory buildings. Also pressure sensor data are used to save radio bandwidth and thus to decrease power consumption of radio modules. It is applicable especially in the systems with server-centric control of ranging schedule.


Multi-physics simulations present many difficulties, whenever issues like reusability, adaptability and maintainability are strong concerns. In this paper we present the causes of those difficulties and also a set of abstractions, which, together with a properly defined computational framework, provide not only a way to circumvent those obstacles, but also an environment, which in turn gives support to the automatic development of simulators. All simulators considered here are those based on the finite element method, even though extended methodologies could be easily devised in order to include other methods as well. The set of abstractions we present contains all needed abstractions, which can be found in any good FEM library - e.g. reference finite elements, geometric finite elements, vector field finite elements, weak forms, geometric mesh, vector field mesh, and so on but now interlaced in a new way, with new features and within a set of new computational patterns, which can be used very flexibly in the programming of simulators. Some numerical examples involving many interacting phenomena will be presented.


OpenFlow, the main protocol for software-defined networking (SDN) advocated by Google, requires multiple flow tables with long and variable rule lengths. For fast packet forwarding, using ternary content-addressable memory (TCAM) as implementation of lookup-table has displayed superior performance in executing the conventional packet classification algorithms. However, applying traditional TCAM designs to an OpenFlow switch leads to problems of insufficient word length, inflexible table configuration, and high-power consumptions. This paper presents a low-power dynamic reconfigurable TCAM design for OpenFlow-compliant packet processing. It can support long and variable word lengths for different flow tables, with less than 5% of area overhead. To reduce dynamic power consumption without sacrificing throughput, the proposed hybrid-pipelined structure based on NAND-NOR CAM and pipelined-TCAM, can achieve lower energy-delay products than traditional TCAM. Moreover, the proposed self-power gating technique controlled by the mask data optimizes both NAND and NOR core cells, which lowers power consumption without additional control and routing overhead. Finally, the low-power reconfigurable TCAM is implemented in TSMC 40 nm CMOS technology. The implementation results show that the energy metric of the proposed reconfigurable TCAM is only 0.177 fJ/bit/search, at a 416 MHz operating frequency. Thus, the proposed TCAM design is very suitable for the emerging high performance packet processing in future SDN applications that need long and variable word lengths.


The Condensation heat transfer coefficients of R-22 and R-134a were measured in smooth horizontal copper tubes with inner diameters of 1.77, 3.36 and 5.35 mm, respectively. The experiments were conducted in a closed loop, which was driven by a magnetic gear pump. They were performed for the following ranges of variables: mass flux (200 to 500 kg/m²·s), saturation temperature 30℃ and quality(0 to 1.0). The main results obtained are as follows: Condensation heat transfer coefficients in the small diameter tubes (ID


It is vital for educators to teach learners in accordance with their aptitude, which can be useful to help learners reach their full potential. Educators have been taking the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) as a powerful tool to understand the differences in students' learning styles, adopting appropriate teaching strategies to accommodate the learning styles of different types of students can effectively prevent students from being tired of studying. It is a problem worthy of research to recognize the students' personality traits with technological means. Therefore, we propose a method to recognize learners' MBTI from videos, which can be applied in the course learning and practice stages of software engineering education. We propose a novel approach to recognize the MBTI personality traits of learners from videos. Personality and emotion unconsciously affect facial expression, the speaking style in social contexts. However, in the current literature, there is no publicly available source of images dataset labeled with the MBTI personality scale; nearly all the available data are text. In this paper, we use two datasets: images extracted from ChaLearn First Impressions dataset and the Myer-Briggs Personality Type Dataset from Kaggle for our training tasks. Furthermore, we take plentiful text data labeled with the MBTI personality scale as the source domain and image data as the target domain for borrowing knowledge from the source domain to facilitate the learning task in a target domain. By adopting feature transfer, a bridge is built between the source domain and the target domain. We perform experiments on the transfer task and evaluate the effectiveness of this approach, the results of this study can assist educators in regards to the identification of learners' MBTI personality types in a new way.


This paper considers the problem of optimum detection for a diestributed detection system consisting of a fusion center and multiple sensors. To optimize the system performance, the fusion rule at fusion center and the decision rules at all the sensors must be globally optimized. The necessary conditions for the global optimization of system performance are given, and a numerical iterative algorithm is designed to obtain a solution to this global optimization problem. From simulation results, it is seen that when a distributed underwater signal detection system is optimized by using this fusion algorithm, the performance of the system can be improved significantly.


In this paper we study a distance-dependent surface tension, defined as the free-energy cost for putting metastable states at a given distance. This will be done in the framework of a disordered microscopic model with Kac interactions that can be solved in the mean-field limit.


The existence of democracy implies and demands citizenship, that is, all citizens sharing the same universal-reach, civic identity, the union of all the members of the society regardless of differences and preferences. Citizenship assigns each citizen qualities and competences, as much as rights and duties. If we accept that democracy is a procedure to make fair decisions regarding what should be done or avoided in a society, the development of citizenship becomes imperative. This essay examines the notion of citizenship according to several philosophical and political positions, ranging from ancient Greece to Rawls' ideas. Although not yet exhaustive, the research was intended to distinguish between the peculiar and common traits of such perspectives on citizenship to understand some of its transformations and find a link between this legacy and contemporary political thought and debate. Given the present concerns about the growing distance between the Venezuelan society and democratic procedures, these comments underscore the civic role of the university, Criticism, autonomy and the challenge of established knowledge and social conventions are crucial to the university's work. They are also key components to the compromise with liberties and the development and exercise of citizenship. As a conclusion, the article calls for a powerful, sustained effort to strengthen the civic functions of the university in Venezuela.


The balanced scorecard is an effective tool for the evaluation and monitoring of financial and nonfinancial performance (customers, internal processes and organizational learning) within companies. It allows transforming the company's vision and its strategy to operational, measurable, and manageable indicators. However, this tool hasn't taken yet into account the aspects of health, safety, and environment at its outlook appearance. This paper propose a strategy to integrate health, safety, and environment indicators to the new Balanced Scorecard by explaining the cause and effect relationship between its six perspectives using the DEMATEL approach (Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory).


This study presents analysis of water pump starters in the event of a lack of electricity supply from the substation using a diesel generator. The voltage transients during the startup of these pumps will be observed, verifying the capacity of the diesel generator system to meet the necessary water flow demand to supply the process and propose solutions in case of exceeding a 15% voltage drop and / or exceeding power of generator. The behavior of the system with load application will also be analyzed.


Copyright: © Author, This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial No Derives License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is noncommercial and no modifications or adaptations are made. Macrofungi, especially mushrooms; their wide variations in morphological characteristics have fascinated all; mycologists and laymen alike. Mushrooms, owing to their secretive life, have been associated with several animals, fictitious creatures, mysterious entities, super natural beings and happenings through the ages which are also reflected in their vernacular names. These small, apparently insignificant components of biodiversity play an important role as food, dietary supplements, therapeutics, sources of drugs, pharmaceuticals and novel compounds; in modern scientific research, biodegradation and bioremediation. In the present study, macrofungi from KME Society's G.M. Momin Women's College campus in Bhiwandi were documented by the survey method. The study recorded 17 types of macrofungi inclusive of several mushrooms; prominent among them being the genera Auricularia, Daldinea, Trametes, Mycena, and Schizophyllum among several others, details of which, and the current and emerging mycotechnologies associated with the types recorded, are mentioned in the paper.