As wind energy developers start venturing into deeper waters with depths greater than 65 meters, the floating offshore wind turbines (FOWTs) are becoming the preferred solutions there over bottom-fixed structures. This paper summarizes the design of a semi-submersible platform for hosting a 15MW turbine. While semi-submersible origins from the oil & gas industry, the FOWT presents a different set of requisites and conditions for designing it. Recent existing and planned projects can be characterized by excessive use of steel and dimensions, compared to bottom-fixed structures. This paper aims to optimize the hull structure of a semi-submersible platform to be as cost-effective as possible while fulfilling the following design considerations: strength, vessel stability in still water and dynamic conditions, constructability, and operability. Meanwhile, the design is made to satisfy the rule requirements of major classification societies. Through a literature survey, data on existing semi-submersible projects is gathered and analyzed. The ratios of vessel displacement to hull steel weight relations are presented to show the trend. A high-level overview of class rules is given. An example platform, TaidaFloat, designed to carry a 15MW turbine is introduced. Its application is targeting a water depth from 65 to 100 meters with a deployment in Taiwan Strait in mind. The platform is designed against some limits and constraints, e.g. ensuring that it meets stability criteria. Its internal structural arrangement is preliminarily developed, and the steel weight is compared to recent projects. Features of the design are introduced, and their advantages are summarized.


The subjugation of women dates back to ancient times. Through the centuries the suppression of women has taken different forms. With a few exceptions most African societies are patriarchal in character. They relegate women to a minor position and subject them to the guardianship of male partners. Traditionally, men were regarded as senior to women irrespective of age. This tradition of men regarding themselves as superior to women has its roots in our socio-cultural norms in Lesotho. Culturally men are regarded by society as superior to women. This perception of men is transferred to the work situation. Consequently, even at work, men are perceived as 'strong' and 'powerful.' In the higher institutions of Lesotho, there is now awareness that the proportion of academic women in senior positions remains small by comparison to that of men. A large number of women are found at the lower end of the scale. Despite the fact that Basotho women are more educated than their male counterparts The study argues that women's slow progress in upward mobility in the employment sector is attributed to a combination of factors. This study therefore, seeks to: • Explore the factors which constrain women to occupy the senior positions of the academic hierarchy and senior administrative positions within the academy. • Investigates the framework of attitudes and beliefs that undermines the status and the role that women have and continue to have in Lesotho in general, the academic sphere in particular. • Suggest steps, which could be taken towards the amelioration of the present undesirable situation in the academic sphere. Feminist research was chosen as the theoretical/conceptual framework of the study. The importance of this framework is that it uses the concept of gender as an analytical category. Feminist construction methodology through the use of iii Un iv rsi ty of Ca pe To wn qualitative paradigm was used as an appropriate tool for the purposes of obtaining in-depth information of the situation in Lesotho. As qualitative method comprises different methods, case study method was used to provide an in-depth examination of women's experiences as well as to provide the meaning of their experiences in the academic sphere. For data collection the study used both the primary and secondary methods. The primary includes the method of interviewing techniques. The interviews were in a form of a semi-structured schedule using open-ended questions. The documentary sources include documents relating to the government, public records and reports. Secondary methods include the literature, internet, and journals. A total number of sixteen women were interviewed using an in-depth interview schedule. The analysis of data was informed by the grounded theory. The findings of this study are that discrimination against women is a norm and that women perceived themselves to be oppressed by the patriarchal relations. Women have been brought up in such a way that they feel they are socially inferior to their male counterparts and tend to have a low self esteem. Basotho customs and religious practices all playa role in reinforcing the lower status of women. All these are transferred to the workplace. In the academic sphere there is that great disparity of sex segregation between men and women. It is indeed possible that the most effective way of influencing employment behaviour is so far as it relates females may be to concentrate on modifying the sex in family rather than by means of legislation directed to the operation of the labour market itself on which government have traditionally placed reliance and emphasis. IV Un ive r i ty of Ca pe To wn


As no vertebral joint ever moves in isolation, and as variations in movement are common between different vertebral levels and between left and right, clinical identification of 'normal range' remains a dream. So, therefore, must 'normal integrity'.1


This paper investigated the electron emission properties of self-assembled GaAs nanowhiskers (NWs) grown by MBE which includes electron emission current, potential difference dependences in the vacuum gap between the probe tip and GaAs NWs surface. The analysis shows that the electron emission from the NWs nanostructure surface is the result of electron tunneling from the indicated above surfaces into the probe material. The question of barrier shape still remains open. Possible influence of size effects for GaAs NWs was not revealed. The estimates of the emission current density have shown that the current density is very high and equal to about 105 A/cm2


Two women and four children at the door of The Wellington Free Kindergarten building, 196 Taranaki Street, Wellington. The woman on the left in the doorway is identified as Jean Fleming. Taken by a staff photographer of the National Publicity Studios, Wellington, about 1944.
That this photographs dates from the time of the Second World War has been deduced from the notice by the door which states that it is open to childern of parents engaged in work of national importance. The Wellington Free kindergarten moved from this building to 112 Tinakori Road on the 2nd of July 1960.
Quantity: 1 b&w original photographic print(s).
Physical Description: Silver gelatin print, 22 x 17 cms


The composition of mixed micelles and mixed micelle solution interfaces changes with the concentration and molar ratio of the cationic and anionic surfactants present. The micelle solution interface includes besides the headgroups of both surfactants, the counterions of the surfactant in excess. The finding of an enhanced binding of counterions to mixed micelles may be of some practical importance in decontamination.


The books selected for this article demand close inspection of the pictures by readers of varied ages. Children and adults alike will be challenged in the investifations that will lead toward a more comprehensive understanding of illustrations and their value. READING COMPREHENSION, VISUAL LITERACY AND PICTURE BOOK ILLUSTRATIONS Dee C. Storey UNIVERSITY OF NEBRASKA-LINCOLN Usually we think of teaching reading comprehension in terms of the printed word. However, it is just as important to teach ffi3Ily of the same skills to insure a child's level of visual literacy. Illustrations in picture books contribute tc a child's sense of story and the visual clues add to the information in the text. Readers need to be aware that there is more to an illustration than meets the eye. Where the Wild Things Are (Sendak, 1963) is a romp into the world of m2ke-believe. Wbat momy readers fail to note is the size and impact of the illustratiorcs. In the beginning, a srralJ picture shows Max in a reality situation. As the fantasy develops, U:e illustr2tions take up more page space. During the "wild rumpus" scenes, double f6ge pictures unfold and heighten tr,e frerzy of the manent. Slowly, as reality returns, tte pictl.lres again beccme srr.aller. Adults arcund the world found themselves scrutinizing the minute det2ils in Kit Williams' Masquerade (1980). The story is about a hare attempting to deljver a jewel of the moon m2,iden to tbe sun. Intricately hidderc in the text and iD ustrations are clues to a buried treasure. Readers were mesmerized by the art work ar'd were V\yEtPPEd ul-' ir, tte suspEnse of locating the pri ze wtich V\aS actually claimed. In the ex amp] es TRntionE-Q, the i]] ustratior:s requirEd readers to be alert. The pictures made a visual statement tbat couJ d catch viewers UI/aware if they were only concerned with the surface meaning of tte illustrations. EJ er.:ents of irn~ort2,nce might be over-· looked if ViS1121 literacy skiDs of a reader are not Ul-' to par. The bookE; selected for this article dcrrand close inspection of the pictures by readers of varied ages. CbjJdren and adults alike will be challen£,ed in the inVEstigations that will lead toward a more cOl1iprehensjve understanding of illustrations and tb.dr value. Influence of Color in Illustrations When autbors want to er. :phasi ze a word, it can be set in boJ d tYJ.lE', unc.erlined, or put in italjes. Certain jdeas might be high-· light,e'Ci vdth descriptivE or loaded adjectives. The cclor used in illustrations may be ttought of ir, the SeW'€' V\'ay. Of particular


Before thinking about implementing new transportation services, it is essential to assess the performances of the available ones and to develop an objective diagnosis of the adequacy between transportation supply and demand. This paper focuses on the refinement of a spatial–temporal clustering process able to encapsulate the spatial distribution of travel demand and supply. It illustrates the potential of such process to assist in the development of an objective diagnosis of the quality of the configuration of transit services. The two tools composing this process are presented in this paper, Traclus_DL and Grille_CR. A literature review is conducted on the main concepts such as corridors and grids, which will give a better understanding of the contributions proposed in this paper. Traclus_DL is a spatial clustering algorithm for desire lines (direct line from origin to destination) developed by Bahbouh. This paper will explain how this algorithm works and will also present improvements that were implemented to facilitate its usage and to give a better representation of the reality. Grille_CR is an automated smoothing tool which facilitates the visualization and the interpretation of the results produced by Traclus-DL. This paper explains how this process can be implemented and illustrates its relevance for public transport analysis and design. The major contribution of this paper is the implementation of a tool which helps better understand the spatial configuration of the demand in transport.


Entrepreneurship is a process which consists of three phases, an opportunity recognition phase, followed by the opportunity evaluation and exploitation phase (Shane & Venkataraman, 2000). This paper identifies different cognitive characteristics that are important in different phases of entrepreneurial process; Opportunity Recognition Ability (ORA) is identified as important for the opportunity recognition phase, while Entrepreneurial Self –Efficacy (ESE) is identified as important for the subsequent phases. This paper argues for a moderating effect of ESE on the relationship between ORA and Entrepreneurial Intentions. Hypotheses were tested using a sample of 306 students from two US Midwestern universities, and support was found for the interaction effect. AGSE 2010


Aqueous acrylic dispersions of hydroxy-functionalised copolymer microgel particles crosslinked with allyl methacrylate were synthesized by emulsion polymerization. The microgels were investigated as reactive polymer fillers in mixtures with a water-borne film-forming dispersion. Properties of coatings cast from mixtures of aqueous dispersion of hard microgel particles and film-forming water-borne dispersion were investigated. The swelling behaviour of microgels in selected solvents (aliphatic ketones) as a function of microgel composition is discussed as well. It was found that the swelling ability of microgels decreased with growing degree of crosslinking. Microgels comprising copolymerised butyl methacrylate swelled less in aliphatic ketones than microgels without this comonomer. This work was focused mainly on the influence of microgels incorporated in the commercial solvent-borne acrylic binders on the properties of coatings. It was shown that the application of microgels that were redispersed in acetone did not affect the surface appearance and transparency of coatings. Moreover, the presence of microgel network precursors accelerated film curing at ambient temperature and improved the final hardness of coatings.


Objective To explore the correlation between perinatal factors and unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia in full-term neonates.Methods Between January and May 2011,85 neonates with unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia were selected and 85 full-term infants without hyperbilirubinemia were also selected at the same period as the control group.A total of 17 risk factors were listed and analyzed by the methods of single-factor analysis and logistic regression analysis Results After single-factor analysis,there were significant differences of 10 perinatal factors in two groups,including gestational age,labor ways,feeding ways,delayed feeding,internal hemorrhage,hypoglycemia,polycythemia,body weight loss,asphaxia,and delayed passage of meconium.The gestational age,delayed feeding,internal hemorrhage,hypoglycemia,polycythemia,and body weight loss were the main risk factors.Conclusion We should improve the predictability of possibility of risk factors of neonatal unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia and take preventive measure at early stage.


International discourse on human rights law has seldom explored the potential and promise of the international human rights regime to function as a tool to contribute to social justice, social stability and social change. The paper rests on the central thesis that human rights must always be considered as a means to an end and not an end in itself if it is to serve a meaningful purpose. Such a perspective ensures that human rights bring with it social resolve apart from being a mere anthropocentric phenomenon focusing on the individual in a vacuum. It advocates that human dignity be the ultimate goal in the promotion and protection of human rights in a manner that regards the individual as a unit of the society to which he or she belongs. The paper begins by examining the role that human rights can play in securing a sustainable and durable peace particularly for nations emerging from the throes of conflict and fragility. It draws on the first and second generation human rights to construct a central thesis that is illustrated by specific examples of how a project for human rights protection and promotion can lead to social change through peace-building. The second part of the paper delves into a third generation human right, namely the human right to development to discuss how the human right is currently being realized in different parts of the world with unfair consequences for the developed and developing world. It utilizes international development mechanisms to evaluate the extent to which the human right to development is being realized from which emerges the analysis that a significant gulf currently exists between the rhetoric and reality in the global realization of the right. This paper examines the reasons for the gap between rhetoric and reality and then moves on to determine strategies to reduce or indeed bridge this gap, which would in turn contribute to the realization of a full protection to the human right to development. Through the discussion it comes to light that the human right to development, if implemented as intended, can contribute in no limited measure towards achieving social change and stability at the global level.


In this paper, the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) is applied to the famous Lorenz system. The ADM yields an analytical solution in terms of a rapidly convergent infinite power series with easily computable terms. The ADM is treated as an algorithm for approximating the solutions of the Lorenz system in a sequence of time intervals (i.e. time steps). Comparisons between the decomposition solutions and seventh-eighth order Runge-Kutta (RK78) numerical solutions are made for various error tolerances. In particular, we look at the accuracy of the ADM for solving the chaotic Lorenz system. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification: 30C45, Secondary 30C80


Key economic variables are often published with a significant delay of over a month. The nowcasting literature has arisen to provide fast, reliable estimates of delayed economic indicators and is closely related to filtering methods in signal processing. The path signature is a mathematical object which captures geometric properties of sequential data; it naturally handles missing data from mixed frequency and/or irregular sampling -- issues often encountered when merging multiple data sources -- by embedding the observed data in continuous time. Calculating path signatures and using them as features in models has achieved state-of-the-art results in fields such as finance, medicine, and cyber security. We look at the nowcasting problem by applying regression on signatures, a simple linear model on these nonlinear objects that we show subsumes the popular Kalman filter. We quantify the performance via a simulation exercise, and through application to nowcasting US GDP growth, where we see a lower error than a dynamic factor model based on the New York Fed staff nowcasting model. Finally we demonstrate the flexibility of this method by applying regression on signatures to nowcast weekly fuel prices using daily data. Regression on signatures is an easy-to-apply approach that allows great flexibility for data with complex sampling patterns.


Vascular compression of cranial nerves adjacent to the brain stem has been implicated in a wide variety of disorders affecting their function. The considerable conflicts in published results relate primarily to flaws in study design. The design required of an adequate study is defined and a technique is presented, in 16 fresh human cadavers, of reliable and physiological injection‐filling of both the cerebral arterial and venous systems. It allowed for the accurate observation of the normal neurovascular relationships in the posterior cranial fossa during operative simulation. Part 2 of this article concerns the use of this design in the study of trigeminal neuralgia, a disorder thought to relate to vascular compression of the fifth cranial nerve. Clin. Anat. 10:371–379, 1997. © 1997 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.


Bimetallic noble metal nanoclusters (NCs) are an emerging topic of metal clusters due to their distinguishing characteristics compared to monometallic clusters. Doping of different noble atoms in other clusters is an effective strategy for tailoring their functionalities for specific applications and synergistic effects. Obtaining single-heteroatom doping is desirable but still very challenging to date. Herein, 2,4-dimethylbenzenthiol (2,4-DMBT) protected Ag/Au alloy NCs (ca. 2-3 nm) were synthesized via a wet chemical one-pot process. The effect of the number of Au atoms in Ag NCs on their optical properties and bandgap was investigated. We found that the change of the absorption peak positions of the Ag NCs was influenced by the presence of Au atoms. Besides, we found that the HOMO-LUMO peak has appeared without a significant change in cluster size during synthesis. Ag/Au alloy NCs are characterized by UV–visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron transmission microscopy (STEM).


The invention discloses an MOS transistor with cascaded and stacked nanowires and a manufacturing method of the MOS transistor with the cascaded and stacked nanowires. The MOS transistor with the cascaded and stacked nanowires comprises multiple nanowire stacks extending in a first direction on a substrate, multiple grid electrode stacks extending in a second direction and striding across of the nanowire stacks, multiple source and drain regions which are located on all the grid electrode stacks and extend along the two sides of the second direction, and multiple channel regions formed by the nanowire stacks located between the source and drain regions. The nanowire stacks are composed of multiple cascaded nanowires. According to the MOS transistor with cascaded and stacked nanowires and the manufacturing method of the MOS transistor with the cascaded and stacked nanowires, through repeated back etching and side etching of trenches and filling of the trenches, the cascaded nanowire stacks with good quality are formed, the effective width of a conducting channel is fully increased at a low cost, the total effective conductive sectional area is increased, and therefore a drive current is increased.


Maritime accounts are peppered with adventure, bravery and endurance, but few equal the seamanship and mutinous treachery inherent in the records of two famous Georgian vessels, HMAV Bounty and HMS Pandora.


MODIS and AWiFS. The MODIS land surface reflectance product is used directly. For AWiFS, the authors use the signal measured and themselves calculate spectral reflectance and albedo. The paper asserts that large changes in the retrieved surface reflectance/albedo in the Baspa basin of the Indian Himalaya coinciding with anomalously large biomass burning events are due to darkening of snow by deposition of BC from the fires. They then conclude this demonstrates that contamination by BC form forest fires "can influence the mass balance of the glaciers" in this region. However, there is no mention of the spatial resolution or accuracy of the retrievals of these land surface reflectance/albedo products. Of particular concern is that accurate land surface reflectance measurements require removal of the effects of atmospheric aerosol. The satellite measurements were made during the springtime fire season when smoke plumes were often covering this region of the Himalaya. The visible-wavelength radiance reaching a satellite can be reduced either by BC in snow, or by BC in the atmosphere above the snow, or both. Distinguishing their relative contributions to the measured radiance would require advanced active remote sensing (e.g. HSRL lidar) rather than the passive remote sensing used in this paper.


Today, GIS (Geographic information system); It is used to improve network quality in business processes in electricity distribution systems, to make correct investment decisions and to support operational maintenance decisions. It is known that energy distribution companies are working on this subject. Some of the studies are directed to losses in distribution lines. In this study, voltage drop and power losses of a distribution transformer center and distribution network in Diyarbakır are calculated and mapped to the digital electricity network maintained on the GIS and thus presented to the users with a web application.


The final paper assigment involves the use of machine vision in the laboratory environment. The introductory section describes the characteristics of robots, industrial cameras and machine vision for the purpose of easier monitoring of work. Also processing methods and color display models and the way of converting them from one model to another. Under color processing are described individual image filters and disturbance removal procedures (noise). Some image transformations that are used to spot circles and find the edges in the image are also explained.Practical part of the work involves finding a defined workpiece with openings on the conveyor, controlling the number of openings on the workpiece and sorting them using a robotic hand. The workpiece on the conveyor is detected by the HSV model of the color space over the camera. With open functions in OpenCV (cv2.Canny() and cv2.findContours()), openings (closed contours) are found on the work. Closed contours are counted, and the workpieces are sorted by robotic hands on the correct and defective workpieces. Some program codes for performing a practical part are included at the end of the final work.


The solubilization of polyisobutylene by micelles of polystyrene-b-poly(ethylene/propylene) block copolymers in several ketones (dipropylketone, 5-methgl-2-hexanone, methyl isobutyl ketone, diethyl ketone, and methyl propyl ketone) has been studied. The minimum polyisobutylene concentration solubilized in the different copolymer/solvent systems has been determined by laser light scattering. The solubility curves have been found to be linear and dependent on the polyisobutylene molar mass, the chemical composition of the diblock copolymer, and the solvent. The logarithm of the minimal amount of homopolymer solubilized by gram of copolymer varies linearly with the logarithm of the homopolgmer molar mass, and this variation is hardly dependent on the chemical composition of the copolymer and the precipitant character of the solvent


Ever since the passage of the Social Security Act of 1935 (and subsequently the Federal Unemployment Act of 1939), the purposes, merits and success of the experience rating provision have constantly been questioned.' In this paper we shall examine the recent developments in experience rating to evaluate the suggested policy changes in the operation of the system. Currently, firms with a labor force of 4 or more workers for at least 20 days during a year are obligated to pay unemployment tax on the recipients' wages; accordingly unemployment insurance coverage has been extended to over 40 million workers. Although the Federal law specifies 2.7 percent of salaries (on amounts up to $3,000 per annum in most States) as the standard employer contribution rate, the States are given the option of reducing the rate for individual firms, provided the establishment has a stable employment record; at present, all States (except Alaska and Rhode Island) have adopted experience rating provisions.2 As a result, the national average rate paid at the end of 1957 was 1.3 percent. The recommendations for experience rating provisions fall mainly into two categories: (a) potential lowering of taxes gives an incentive to firms to stabilize their work force, and (b) "unstable" employers should bear more of the cost for unemployment compensation than "stable" employers. In addition to doubting the aforementioned claims, the critics of experience rating argue that current financing is inadequate to meet possible rises in the unemployment


Summary A novel approach is developed for coordinated expression of multiple proteins from a single transgene in plants. An Ssp DnaE mini‐intein variant engineered for hyper‐N‐terminal autocleavage is covalently linked to the foot‐and‐mouth disease virus 2A (F2A) peptide with unique ribosome skipping property, via a peptide linker, to create an 'IntF2A' self‐excising fusion protein domain. This IntF2A domain acts, in cis, to direct highly effective release of its flanking proteins of interest (POIs) from a 'polyprotein' precursor in plants. This is successfully demonstrated in stably transformed cultured tobacco cells as well as in different organs of transgenic tobacco plants. Highly efficient polyprotein processing mediated by the IntF2A domain was also demonstrated in lettuce and Nicotiana benthamiana based on transient expression. Protein constituents released from the polyprotein precursor displayed proper function and accumulated at similar levels inside the cells. Importantly, no C‐terminal F2A extension remains on the released POIs. We demonstrated co‐expression of as many as three proteins in plants without compromising expression levels when compared with those using single‐protein vectors. Accurate differential cellular targeting of released POIs is also achieved. In addition, we succeeded in expressing a fully assembled and functional chimeric anti‐His Tag antibody in N. benthamiana leaves. The IntF2A‐based polyprotein transgene system overcomes key impediments of existing strategies for multiprotein co‐expression in plants, which is particularly important for gene/trait stacking.


Abstract : The ultra-fast, apparent second-order decay of the hydrated electron, e(-)(aq), following nanosecond duration radiation pulses in air-free alkaline solution is discussed in detail. The proposed structure and properties of H2O(+)(aq) are described and reactions of this non-classical ion are discussed. The importance of solution structure in charge migration and the effect of various salts on solution structure is reviewed. (Author)


Structure–property relationship studies have been performed in the La-modified lead zirconate titanate (PLZT) solution as a function of quenched La impurity content and Zr/Ti ratio. For Zr/Ti ratios of 90/10 and 85/15, an incommensurate antiferroelectric state was found to be stabilized with increasing La content. Temperature-dependent investigations demonstrated that the incommensurate structure becomes pinned into long-time metastable states, rather than transforming to a commensurate phase. Also, the modulation wavelength (λ) was found to increase significantly with the decreasing Zr/Ti ratio and decreasing La content. The results of this study clearly demonstrate that the incommensurately modulated polar structures of PLZT are dependent on the relative antiferroelectric/ferroelectric phase stability, and the concentration of quenched La impurities.


We consider the dynamic plant layout problem (DPLP) in which the layout of a facility must be determined in each period of a finite planning horizon. We begin by reviewing the literature on DPLP, discussing various formulations of the problem which have appeared in the literature, as well as a number of exact and heuristic solution procedures which have been proposed for DPLP. We then define a tabu-search heuristic (TSH) for DPLP. The TSH employs short-term and longer-term memory features such as the use of an aspiration criterion, dynamic tabu list strategies, and other strategies for search intensification and diversification. Computational experience with the heuristic on a set of test problems appearing in the literature is reported. The TSH is seen to be extremely effective in obtaining high-quality solutions to the test problems. The TSH procedure produces new best-known solutions for over one-third of the test problems.


The paper dwells upon theoretical aspects and presents statistical calculations of interconnections in economic system with the application of system of national accounts. The authors analyze the structure of national economy and determine the role of three sectors in replenishment process.


Neural spikes define the human brain function. An accurate extraction of spike features leads to better understanding of brain functionality. The main challenge of feature extraction is to mitigate the effect of strong background noises. To address this problem, we introduce a new feature representation for neural spikes based on Cepstrum of multichannel recordings. Simulation results indicated that the proposed method is more robust than the existing Haar wavelet method.


Identification of chemokine receptors and their associated ligands is crucial to the understanding of most immune reactions. Three human chemokines [I‐309, thymus and activation‐regulated chemokine (TARC) and macrophage inflammatory protein‐1β (MIP‐1β)] have been reported to be ligands for CC‐chemokine receptor 8 (CCR8). In this report, we present evidence that TARC and MIP‐1β did not bind to or induce chemotaxis through CCR8 on a stable transfected cell line (1D‐21) and did not bind to CCR8 on in vitro differentiated human CD4+ Th2 cell cultures. Also, I‐309‐dependent calcium mobilization in 1D‐21 cells and in Th2 cells was desensitized by I‐309 but not by MIP‐1β or TARC. These results provide strong evidence that, at physiologically relevant concentrations, I‐309 is the only known human ligand for CCR8. These data also provide a framework for suggesting minimum requirements for the assignment of chemokine receptor‐ligand pairs.


The traveller riding westward from Macri soon reaches the Gargy Chai, which is the only perennial stream running into the Telmessian Gulf, and is rightly identified by Kiepert with the overflowing Glaucus. It rises in a ridge connecting the uplands of Kyzyl Kaya with the Aigür Dagh, a partly detached lower buttress standing out to the north-west of the long mountain commonly called Eljik Dagh in the maps, of which the eastern peak is named Chal Dagh, and the less lofty western peak Shimshir Dagh. Hence the stream runs to the S.S.E. down a deep glen, and after receiving the Nif Chai from the N.E., turns S.W. round the Kyzyl Dagh to the sea. Pliny, the only geographer who mentions the Glaucus, says that it had a tributary, the Telmedius. If, as the inhabitants positively assured me, the Nif Chai is merely a tributary of the other, it must be the Telmedius. If so, the name of Telandrus, which was on the Glaucus, must be given to the only ruins in the main valley, those at It-hissar, a site discovered by MM. Collignon and Duchesne, but not exactly described.


In the acquisition of software-development skills, feedback that pinpoints errors and explains means of improvement is important in achieving a good student learning experience. However, it is not feasible to manually provide timely, consistent, and helpful feedback for large or complex coursework tasks, and/or to large cohorts of students. While tools exist to provide feedback to student submissions, their automation is typically limited to reporting either test pass or failure or generating feedback to very simple programming tasks. Anecdotal experience indicates that clusters of students tend to make similar mistakes and/or successes within their coursework. Do feedback comments applied to students' work support this claim and, if so, to what extent is this the case? How might this be exploited to improve the assessment process and the quality of feedback given to students? To help answer these questions, we have examined feedback given to coursework submissions to a UK level 5, university-level, data structures and algorithms course to determine heuristics used to trigger particular feedback comments that are common between submissions and cohorts. This paper reports our results and discusses how the identified heuristics may be used to promote timeliness and consistency of feedback without jeopardising the quality.


The photo-Dember effect is a source of pulsed THz emission following femtosecond pulsed optical excitation. The emission results from the ultrafast spatial separation of electron–hole pairs in carrier gradients due to their different diffusion coefficients. The associated time dependent polarization of the photo-carriers within the photo-Dember emitters is oriented perpendicular to the excited surface. THz emission under photo-excitation can also be due to the surface field effect or optical rectification. We review the studies that attempt to understand surge current and study the surface emission of different semiconductor materials. We also review the work that has been done on increasing the efficiency of THz surface emitters using plasmonic interactions and other resonant effects. We later focus on a new THz emission mechanism called lateral photo-Dember which proposes a scheme for generating strong carrier current parallel to the excited surface, using the Dember field as well as dipole quenching effect. Because the resulting currents are oriented parallel to the surface and the THz radiation is emitted collinearly to the optical excitation. Surprisingly, the lateral photo-Dember THz emitters provide a higher bandwidth than photoconductive emitters. The theory for the mechanism of emission is reviewed and the parameters that affect the performance of the lateral photo-Dember emitters, namely fluence and polarization, are summarized. Finally we review multiplexing geometries with periodically tailored photo-excited spatial carrier distributions that create phase coherent photo-Dember and surface field currents which enhance the THz emission. These multiple emitters can reach electric field amplitudes comparable to a high-efficiency externally biased photoconductive emitter.


The heats of formation of CF3, its cation and anion, CF4, C2F4, and :CFCF3 have been calculated at high levels of ab initio molecular orbital theory. Geometries and frequencies were determined, in general, with second-order perturbation theory. Total energies based on coupled cluster calculations with perturbative triples were determined with basis sets up through augmented quadruple-ζ in quality and were subsequently extrapolated to the complete one-particle basis set limit, so as to further reduce the basis set truncation error. Due to its importance as a standard, CF4 was studied with even larger basis sets. Additional improvements in the atomization energy were achieved by applying corrections due to core/valence correlation, scalar relativistic, and atomic spin−orbit effects. Zero-point energies were based on the experimental fundamentals, when available, and harmonic frequencies obtained from MP2/cc-pVTZ calculations. Missing frequencies for :CFCF3 were calculated at the MP2/DZP level. The calculate...


Stress sensitivity is a key factor affecting the productivity of single wells in low permeability gas reservoirs. A well test model for heterogeneous composite gas reservoirs under the influence of stress-sensitive effects was established. Based on the theoretical model, the well test was designed by gradually increasing the pressure difference. The relationship between abnormal high pressure and reservoir stress sensitivity was analyzed. Theoretical research shows that stress sensitivity will cause permeability damage during the production process, and the pressure drop test curve shows that the physical properties of the reservoir have gradually deteriorated. The pressure recovery test curve shows that the physical properties of the reservoir are getting better. Field practice shows that stress sensitivity is related to the formation of abnormally high pressure in the formation without considering the micro-cracks in the formation. Stress-sensitive reservoirs are generally unbalanced and compacted due to overpressure, for fluid expansion/conduction overpressure in Ledong Area. For these reservoirs, there is almost no stress sensitivity. The research results have significance for guiding the design and data interpretation of stress-sensitive reservoir.


A TRACE METAL accumulating in a metabolic organ with age may be suspected of influencing the development of an age-linked disorder. Cadmium accumulates in the human kidney with age,1, 2but there are wide geographical variations in concentration.3Small doses of cadmium given in water have been reported to produce hypertension in young female rats;4about 70% of both sexes exhibited hypertension by the 30th month of age, at renal concentrations less than those of man.5Patients with hypertension excreted many times more urinary cadmium than did normotensive subjects.6Therefore, human renal cadmium was evaluated in respect to the presence or absence of hypertension. Data on trace metals in human tissues from ten cities in the United States and from nine foreign countries were obtained from a study of over 400 necropsies.7-9Cases were classified as to cause of death into the major categories shown in the Table.


In Spain, desertification has been—and is still—mainly associated with soil erosion, particularly in natural and semi‐natural systems. Such association cannot be supported either from the scientific or the socio‐economic point of view. Most average values of erosion rates in Spain have been overestimated, especially in the case of natural systems. High rates of soil erosion in natural systems are usually restricted to spatially limited areas like badlands, most of them generated through active natural geomorphologic processes. The main erosion problems are not found in natural environments but in agricultural systems, especially in marginal agricultural areas on steep slopes and with bad agricultural practices and also in intensively irrigated lands, especially greenhouses. The association of arid zones with the ancient destruction of vegetation is rooted in simplistic ideas considering areas with scarce vegetation, little biomass or limited height to be generated by negative human interventions. However, in arid and semiarid systems this is not always true. The simplistic ideas linking scarce vegetation with desertification is also deeply negative for the conservation of the outstanding biodiversity of arid systems, most of them included in the European Habitat Directive. The main desertification problem in Spain is generated by unsustainable water management. The current expansion of irrigated lands outside the areas suited for agriculture is increasing the intensity of aquifer exploitation, already causing serious problems of salinization, the loss of springs and wetlands and associated biodiversity and the exhaustion of non‐renewable groundwater resources. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The major ecosystem service functions of Poyang Lake wetland include supporting service,provisioning service,regulating service,cultural service.Among the ecosystem service functions,the relation of unity of opposites exists and the ecosystem service functions have close relation with human blessings.Based on analysis of variation of Poyang Lake wetland patterns,the variation of wetland ecological functions is analyzed from the aspects of wetland area,water quality,biological resources and the driving factors of wetland service function variation are analyzed from the aspects of nature and human.On the basis of analysis,some countermeasures for ecological system protection and restoration are put forward from the aspects of human blessings assurance,driving mechanism improvement and pertinent ecological construction.


In order to prevent the membrane fouling by cells during the in-situ recovery process of the pervaporation membrane,the immobilization of Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16 on different inorganic carriers and its effects on butanol fermentation were investigated.The results show that the zeolite can well adsorb the cell with negative charge,and the zeolite can be further modified by treating it with cationic modification.The zeta potential of zeolite surface was changed after the zeolite was modified by loading it with iron(Ⅲ),then its efficiency of cells immobilization was increased,and the butanol production was enhanced.In the batch fermentation,when the glucose concentration in fermentation medium is 60 g L1 and the added Fe 3+-zeolite amount is 18%(W/V),the conversion ratio of the total solvent is 0.31gg 1 and the immobilized efficiency is 87% which increases by 22%;the butanol concentration of 13.5 g L1 and total solvent's of 20 g L1 can be obtained,which increase respectively by 8% and 11.1% compared with those when unmodified zeolite is used.The batch fermentation experiment of immobilized cells by Fe 3+-zeolite was repeated for four times,and each time the yield of total solvent is higher than that of batch fermentation with free cells.It shows that the Fe 3+-zeolite is suitable to be used as immobilized carrier for butanol production by Clostridium acetobutylicum XY16.


Based on a subway tunnel work, the construction method was introduced, and the main process of the construction method was analyzed. The site monitoring was made during the tunneling construction. The results of monitoring data for subsidence and arch crown settlement are analyzed, and will guiding the future construction.


Jalil MA, Sinha RC, Miazi MOG, Mahabubuzzaman AKM, Islam MK (2010) Analysis of jute yarn quality by the change of drafting zone of d drawing frame. J. Innov. Dev. Strategy 4(2), 18-22. thir In drawing frame, different pin settings are used to produce fine jute yarn in apron draft spinning frame. Among the pin settings of 1 st draw frame: Draft-4.0, 2 nd draw frame: 6.3 and 3 rd draw frame: 6.5, Doubling- 2:1, 3:1 and 2:1 respectively achieved the highest quality at modified pin settings for said jute yarn. In this experiment, existing pins of 3 rd Drawing frame are replaced by new sets of pins with different density, size and shape and yarns are produced from both systems. Physical and structural properties of both produced yarns are tested and found that the better quality yarns are produced by the modified pin settings.


In this paper, the O-mode ultrashort-pulse reflectometry (USPR) millimeter-wave signals that propagate into the plasma and cover a frequency bandwidth of 33-158 ㎓ are examined numerically using MATLAB. Two important processes are involved in the computation: the propagation of the USPR impulse signal through a waveguide and the frequency up-conversion using millimeter-wave mixers. These mixers are limited to intermediate frequency signals that are less than 500 ㎷; thus, it is necessary to disperse the impulse signal into a chirped waveform using the waveguide. The stationary phase method is utilized to derive a closed-form formula for a chirped waveform under the assumption that the USPR impulse is Gaussian. In the process of frequency up-conversion, the chirped waveform is mixed with the mixer LO signal, and the lower frequency components of the RF signal are removed using high pass filters.


Cold-drawn and hot-drawn samples of poly(ethylene terephthalate) were studied by means of measurements of shrinkage stress, birefringence and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The values of shrinkage stress were comparable for both types of sample, implying that the deformation of a molecular network is important for both cold drawing and hot drawing. The DSC results indicate that substantial crystallization occurs in hot drawing for other than the lowest draw ratios, and this crystallization gives rise to an additional peak in the shrinkage stress measurements. In addition to temperature, strain rate is also an important variable, and changes in strain rate caused significant changes in both hot-drawn and cold-drawn samples.


Abstract HIV/AIDS has been a public health crisis since the 1980s yet people of African descent that live in the southern region of the United States are more likely to not receive treatment for this disease. This work has four goals. The first goal is to discuss the social determinants that contribute to the HIV/AIDS epidemic in the Deep South. The second goal is to discuss the Afrocentric paradigm that promotes cultural pride and Black empowerment. The third goal is to provide a paradigm that details how racial inequalities perpetuate. The final goal is to provide recommendations regarding how the Afrocentric paradigm can help eradicate health disparities for people of African ancestry that reside in the Southern region of the United States.


For robustness improvement of inline metrology tools, we propose inline reference metrology system "Verification Metrology System (VMS)". This system combines inline metrology tools and non-destructive reference metrology tools. VMS can detect the false alarm error and the not-detectable error caused by measurement robustness decay of inline metrology tools. GI-SAXS was selected as the inline reference metrology tool. GI-SAXS has high robustness capability for under-layer structure changes. VMS with scatterometry and GI-SAXS was evaluated for measurement robustness. The potential to detect metrology system errors was confirmed using VMS. Cost reduction effect of VMS was estimated for the false alarm case. Total cost is obtained as a sum of the false alarm loss and the metrology cost. VMS is effective for total cost reduction with low sampling. And it is important that sampling frequency of reference metrology is optimized based on process qualities.


AT the Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, immediately after the first World War, a group of us were attempting, as resident medical officers, to redeem the years that the Kaiser had eaten. One of our favourite off-duty pastimes was to obtain a blank admission card and fill in a fictitious name and provisional diagnosis of a new patient. It was considered well worth while staying up to witness the dismay on a colleague's face when he read that, while he had been happily sharing an evening at the theatre with an attractive nurse, the only vacant bed in his ward had been occupied by a man, aged 80 years, suffering from osteoarthritis and probable arteriosclerosis of the brain.


This article argues that it is in the best interest of private sector organizations and prime contractors to adhere to the Federal Acquisition Supply Chain Security (FASC) and the Federal Risk and Authorization Management Program (FedRAMP) regulations. The paper opines that an organization should follow a supply chain security program, whether from the federal government or otherwise, because such obedience tends to reduce the risk of loss from various factors, including cybercrime. In the modern world, where cyber-attacks from threat actors are common, and the illicit profits gained from such activities can be huge, devotion to a supply chain risk management program is paramount. Thus, loyalty to a supply chain risk mitigation program is critical.


This paper applies the connection graph stability method to the ring networks with unidirectional or bidirectional coupling structure.The method clarifies that the synchronizing ability of the two different structures is completely different by cutting a link.The synchronizing ability will decrease if the change is from bidirectional ring to bidirectional chain.The change on synchronizing ability will be one third of the original if the number of N is large enough for the first case.The numerical simulation testify qualitatively the results.This paper also discovers the limitation of this method to unidirectional coupling networks.


Applications of finite volume methods are described. These include a homogeneous approximation by triangular meshes on the sphere, a discretization for a nonhydrostatic model with no stability limitation caused by orography and a positive Semi-Lagrangian method without smoothing.


Brief summaries are presented of an article and two editorials which appeared in the 3 September 1982 issue of the Journal of the American Medical Association on the clinical and ethical issues involved in deciding whether to provide life support treatment for pregnant women who are irreversibly comatose or brain dead. The article, by William P. Dillon and four other physicians, describes the contrasting decisions they made in two actual cases. The editorials, one by Mark Siegler and Daniel Wikler and the other by Robert M. Veatch, discuss broad issues of how these patients should be treated and who should decide.


The paper introduced an interface circuit with a new integrated chip for telephone end users. The circuit is consisted with the DTLM630 function block of user line, CMX639 programming full double function increased volume adjustment modem and other. Due to high integration of the chip, it makes a simple structure of the circuit and reliable in application. The interface circuit is a new applied interface circuit of the end user's line.


Processes for removing impurities from tube-to-tubesheet crevices of PWR steam generators were evaluated employing a rectangular flat plate simulant of the crevice region. Either sodium chloride or sodium hydroxide solutions were used to prepare the crevice fill media with magnetite powder used to simulate the crevice corrosion product. The effectiveness of the tested impurity removal processes is discussed in light of the physical/chemical basis of each process. Heatup/cooldown cycling and low temperature depressurization both appear to offer promise relative to improving the efficiency of normally employed crevice flushing efforts at commercial units.


Based on Chinese stock market,the model of stock price manipulation though private information is found.Conditional on restriction of financing and security loan,trading strategies of informed traders,passive rational investors and semi-rational noise traders are analyzed,and the equilibriums of stock manipulation in different periods are obtained.What's more,influences of restriction of financing and security loan,the extent of ration of semi-rational noise trades and precision of signal closer to truth on stock market are discussed.At last,some advices are presented.


In the article the peculiarities of non-tax mechanism are described. The author emphasizes on its role in the income budget. The research analyzes the dynamic of non-tax revenues within consolidated budget. The author discusses the problems of non-tax receipts mobilization and states the ways of their solving in the present-day conditions.


The Internet of Things (IoT) has rapidly expanded into healthcare, leading to the emergence of the Internet of Healthcare Things (IoHT). IoHT refers to the interconnected network of devices, sensors, and systems used in the healthcare industry to monitor and manage patient health. While IoHT has the potential to revolutionize healthcare, it is also vulnerable to cybersecurity attacks. DNS (Domain Name System) traffic monitoring in IoHT (Internet of Health Things) provide valuable insights into the communication patterns and behaviours of the various IoT devices and systems within a healthcare network. We have explored some of the common attacks on IoHT networks and their impact on healthcare. Then performed comparative analysis of various DNS traffic monitoring techniques and proposed the best possible solutions to protect IoHT applications.


With the rapid development of the domestic economy, China's infrastructure construction has also maintained rapid growth. Some major projects have been proposed immediately, not only does it have a huge demand for concrete, but it also has very high demands on the quality of concrete. Concrete admixtures are chemical substances added to concrete. Reasonable use of admixtures can effectively improve the properties of concrete. In recent years, with the continuous improvement of the quality requirements of concrete in the construction industry and advances in chemical technologies, many new chemical materials have been used in concrete admixtures, and it has become necessary to study the effect of admixtures in concrete. The types of admixtures are various. In this paper, the effects of antifreeze, hardener and compound admixtures in concrete are explored, which provides technical guidance for the application of admixtures in concrete.


In this essay, I will attempt to provide a way to read a direct heir of Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, with a key member of the Marxian Frankfurt School, Herbert Marcuse. Marcuse has clearly opened a relation between Marxism and Freudian psychoanalysis in Eros and Civilization. I will draw upon Freud's theories of society and culture, as well as his system of subject-formation. Then, after considering Marcuse's corrective on the basis of historical capitalism, as well as his critique of consumer capitalism in One-Dimensional Man, I will apply Lacan's theory of the "two deaths" as a way of pressing the theoretical relevance of Marcuse's critique for affluent capitalism, which relies upon the "injunction to enjoy." I will also draw upon Zizek's reading of Lacan as a way of articulating the political obstacles of (what Zizek calls) postmodern ideology, and the requisite theoretical deadlocks that need to be overcome before one can say anything of practical import. Finally, I will discuss the relevance of the categories of private and public space for the situation of postmodern ideology, as a way to initiate a "proposal without a program" that draws upon the "ethic of refusal" at the heart of the death drive. MARCUSE AND FREUD Marcuse's move is not to overtly contend with Freud's claim that civilization requires a repression of the drives, but to historicize it, so that we can view late capitalism from the perspective of its work on Eros and Thanatos (libido and death drive) and still develop a theoretical model of a non-repressive economic and cultural system. Freud posits that obedience to the pleasure principle becomes untenable in a reality-space where pleasures themselves (or those things that satisfy our desires, which for Freud must be material and not merely hallucinatory or phantasmatic) are scarce. For Freud, reality is constructed in the first place by the psyche once the hallucinatory object (primordially, of the mother's breast), continually recalled, inevitably fails to satisfy the quantity of excitation released by the circulating drive. Here, one interprets the pleasure principle alongside the reality principle; the ego responds to reality in order to regulate sustainable pleasures and close the gap between the sexual aim and object. Civilization and society are upper-level reality constructions for the individual, fully analogous to this primordial reality construction. The renunciation of an unrestrained (but ultimately inadequate, since it intends towards repeatable as well as unrepeatable objects) Eros is paid for by a modest though consistent Eros, weakened and made indirect through the extension of desire toward social mediations like friendship (specifically friendships of utility, which in the influential Aristotelian account are degraded forms of friendship). For Freud, the result is being-with (a term I borrow from Heidegger to mark a difference: for the latter, Mit-sein is not produced but is rather an originary condition for Dasein). But it is, to a certain extent, the source of suffering: We are threatened with suffering from three directions: from our own body, which is doomed to decay and dissolution and which cannot even do without pain and anxiety as warning signals; from the external world, which may rage against us with overwhelming and merciless forces of destruction; and finally from our relations to other men. (Freud, Civilization and Its Discontents 26, italics mine) The suffering of civilized society is born out of the social contract's (implicit) stipulation that absolute gratification is to be denied to its members. This is a problem for Freud, but a structurally necessary one. And importantly, as a principle of civilization, the price (of repression and neurotic symptoms) is universal and not dependent upon the means and style of production. But what if this structural scarcity is not universal with regard to civilization as such, but indeed particular to the logic of capital? …


The smart distribution system initiative requires higher usage of a distribution feeder-level communication infrastructure to improve system automation. This study proposes a hybrid medium access control (MAC) protocol to manage time-driven and event-driven distribution system applications. This MAC protocol, ALARM, for high-priority events/situational awareness requirements is proposed based on the power system properties. ALARM protocol utilises unique properties of radial feeders and reduces average communication congestion, latency to collect all messages and processing time. This work shows the advantage of using cyber and power system properties to improve automation enabled future distribution system operations.


This power meter (100) is provided with a first control device (108), which carries out signal transmission and reception with a display unit (104) and an external communication unit (105), as well as a security sensor (109). A second control device (207) of the security sensor (109) carries out sensor log generation processing for generating a sensor log showing an output value level history for a plurality of sensors (201)-(205). When a period during which communication with the first control device (108) is impossible occurs, the second control device (207) carries out action estimation log generation processing for generating an action estimation log showing a type of fraudulent activity estimated from the sensor log generated in said period of communication impossibility.


............................................................................................................................ 5 INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 6 AIMS OF THE STUDY .............................................................................................................. 6 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE ................................................................................................. 6 RESEARCH QUESTION. ........................................................................................................... 8 JUSTIFICATION/ RATIONALE .................................................................................................. 8 PARTICIPANT SAMPLE ........................................................................................................... 9 DATA COLLECTION METHODS ............................................................................................... 9 DATA ANALYSIS METHODS .................................................................................................. 10 ETHICAL ISSUES ................................................................................................................... 10 FINDINGS ............................................................................................................................ 10 CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................... 22 RECOMMENDATIONS. ......................................................................................................... 24 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 24 APPENDIX .......................................................................................................................................... 27


Magnesian wolframite with Mg-rich ferberite to MgWOa dominated wolframite member ("magnesiowolframite") compositions occur in hydrothermal quartz veins in Permian metasandstones and phyllites near Ochtin6, Slovenskd Rudohorie Mts., Central Slovakia. Wolframite is associated with scheelite, molybdenite, pyrite, rarely chalcopyrite, barite, calcite and white mica. It forms subhedral to anhedral brown to black crystals or aggregates (up to 2cm large) extensively replaced by scheelite and commonly only 5 to 20 pm irregular remrants are preserved. Wolframite contains 2.7 to 7 .8 wt.Vo MgO (20-58mol7o "mag- nesiowolframite", 35-64mol.Vo ferberite and7-l6mol.Va hiibnerite). The origin of the hydrothermal mineralization is connected with intrusion of the Cretaceous Rochovce granite enriched in W-Mo, whereas the exceptionally high Mg content in wolframite is inferred to be derived from adjacent Mg-rich metamorphic rocks, mainly metabasalts.


In this project, the incorporation of place as a learning intention was examined to create place-based learning experiences that allow students to gain a better sense of place. The question of how to best design place-based learning activities is addressed through a review of literature on the elements of place-based education and place-based education design. Elements of environmental education, experiential learning, and connecting students with nature were examined along with inquiry based learning, and the role technology can play in place-based education. The research resulted in the creation of a grade 8 earth science unit plan, a website (http://kootsrootspbe.weebly.com/), and number of connection/collaboration tools that are meant to encourage place-based learning activities in the West Kootenay region. The project is built primarily around connecting students and teachers with the geophysical landscape with the hopes that it will increase engagement around the teaching of intermediate earth science units.


In this paper three views are considered which are traditionally associated with 'money cranks' and 'brave heretics'. The first is that the credit nature of money has macroeconomic significance. The second is that financial development can be bad for economic growth. The third is that macroeconomic models need to be explicitly monetary macroeconomic models. It is argued that in each of these three areas, there has been a recent shift in mainstream economic opinion. This suggests new opportunities for meaningful debate between heterodox and orthodox schools on money and finance. It is further argued, following Skaggs (2003), that a common meeting ground could be an 'accounting view' of economics. This is a mode of macroeconomic analysis which explicitly uses accounting definitions, identities (that credit is also debt, or that flows of a variable affect the stock of that variable) or accounting methods (e.g. decomposing different kinds of liabilities, or linking flows of liquidity to flows of transactions) to structure and direct the analysis. The accounting view is highly pluralist yet clearly defined. I discuss its applications to each of the three views.


Outside-in meniscal repair is an effective and often most optimal technique for addressing tears involving the anterior one-third of the meniscus. It can be performed without an assistant with standard arthroscopy instrumentation. Although the technique may be used for tears in the anterior two-thirds of both the lateral and medial meniscus, it is most commonly utilized for anterior one-third tears, which are not often accessible with other techniques. Knowledge of the anatomy of the saphenous and peroneal nerves in relation to flexion of the knee is paramount to avoiding iatrogenic injury. The technique involves passing sutures through spinal needles that are placed percutaneously from outside-in across the meniscal tear. There are various modifications of the basic technique that may be performed depending on available instrumentation and surgeon preference. Although repairable anterior one-third tears are not as common as posterior horn tears, proficiency with the outside-in technique can be quite valuable and often ideal in this setting. Multiple authors have reported excellent healing rates. With proper attention to needle placement, complications are rare.


In the study of the lexical meaning and discourse interpretation of political speech,utterance understanding can be combined with political stance,cultural context,and life experience on the basis of framing and reframing theories,which is advantageous for a better understanding of the speaker's intention and context.The State-of-the-Union Addresses(2010—2011) given by American President Obama are taken as the research data to analyze three ways of framing and reframing in political speech,i.e.cultural deixis,metaphor,negation,and demonstrate their operation and functions.


C l i n M e d International Library Citation: Chopra N, Rayapati A, Patel A (2015) Potentiating the Adverse Effects of Zolpidem in a Patient with Alcohol Dependence and SSRI use. Clin Med Rev Case Rep 2:044 Received: June 19, 2015: Accepted: July 26, 2015: Published: July 29, 2015 Copyright: © 2015 Chopra N. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Potentiating the Adverse Effects of Zolpidem in a Patient with Alcohol Dependence and SSRI use


Pregnancy is the special event in the women's live, and indeed in the lives of their families. It is a time of great excitement, joyful anticipation, some anxiety and even fear. Most women sail through it without any problem, but some not so lucky, face various major and minor problems related to pregnancy and child birth. It is a tragic fact of life that in every act of giving birth, achieving motherhood, and nearly half a women dies every year worldwide. Many more escape this tragedy, survive with serious ill health and pregnancy related complication. Although pregnancy is not a disease, but a normal physiological process is associated with certain risk factor to health and survival both for the women and for the infant she bears. These risks are present in every society in every setting. Pregnancy represents a journey into the unknown from which many women never return.


The endocannabinoid system has recently emerged as a critical component in the control of energy homeostasis. It is considered to be a general stress-recovery system and stimulates food intake [1]. Cannabinoid type 1 (Cb1) receptor-deficient mice are leaner than their wild-type littermates [2]. Furthermore, these animals are protected against diet-induced obesity [3]. The selective Cb1 receptor blocker Rimonabant promotes weight loss in large clinical trials in obese and insulin-resistant individuals [4, 5]. Both central and peripheral actions of the endocannabinoid system contribute to the regulation food intake and energy expenditure [6]. The Cb1 receptor is expressed in adipocytes [7]. However, little is known to date about direct Cb1 receptor-mediated actions on important functional levels of adipose tissue implicated in the control of energy and glucose homeostasis. Here, we present the first evidence for direct Cb1 receptor-mediated actions in brown and white adipocytes. Cannabinoid signaling negatively impacts thermogenesis in brown adipocytes while favoring a positive energy balance by differentially regulating the novel adipokine visfatin as well as adiponectin in white adipocytes.


The work of Parham, Jones and Sayed,1 which demonstrates that bromine-lithium exchange, occurs in preference to carbonyl addition in aromatic amide derivatives of o-bromo-β-phenylpropionic acid, led to the consideration of using o-bromoaryl phthalimides 1a-c as precursors for the preparation of multi-ring nitrogen heterocycles and for elaborations of aromatic systems requiring an amine-protecting group (Figure 1). While the chemistry of the addition of Grignard and organolithium reagents to phthalimides is well known,2 to the best of our knowledge, attempts to carry out the addition of the these reagents to brominated phthalimide derivatives such as 1a-c have not been studied.


Owing to the advances in computational techniques and the increase in computational power, atomistic simulations of materials can simulate large systems with higher accuracy. Complex phenomena can be observed in such state-of-the-art atomistic simulations. However, it has become increasingly difficult to understand what is actually happening and mechanisms, for example, in molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. We propose an unsupervised machine learning method to analyze the local structure around a target atom. The proposed method, which uses the two-step locality preserving projections (TS-LPP), can find a low-dimensional space wherein the distributions of datapoints for each atom or groups of atoms can be properly captured. We demonstrate that the method is effective for analyzing the MD simulations of crystalline, liquid, and amorphous states and the melt-quench process from the perspective of local structures. The proposed method is demonstrated on a silicon single-component system, a silicon-germanium binary system, and a copper single-component system.


The emerging Internet of Things (IoT) paradigm makes our telecommunications networks increasingly congested. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have been regarded as a promising solution to offload the overwhelming traffic. Considering the limited spectrums, cognitive radio can be embedded into UAVs to build backhaul links through harvesting idle spectrums. For the cognitive UAV (CUAV) assisted network, how much traffic can be actually offloaded depends on not only the traffic demand but also the spectrum environment. It is necessary to jointly consider both issues and co-design the trajectory and communications for the CUAV to make data collection and data transmission balanced to achieve high offloading efficiency, which, however, is non-trivial because of the heterogeneous and uncertain network environment. In this paper, aiming at maximizing the energy efficiency of the CUAV-assisted traffic offloading, we jointly design the Trajectory, Time allocation for data collection and data transmission, Band selection, and Transmission power control ( $\text{T}^{\mathrm{ 3}}\text{B}$ ) considering the heterogeneous environment on traffic demand, energy replenishment, and spectrum availability. Considering the uncertain environmental information, we develop a model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL) based solution to make the CUAV achieve the best decision autonomously. Simulation results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed DRL- $\text{T}^{\mathrm{ 3}}\text{B}$ strategy.


To understand human speech production is of great interest from phonetic, linguistic, engineering, and several other research aspects, as it reflects human-specific characteristics in anatomy and physiology. Compared to the other measurement approaches, MRI has the advantage of noninvasiveness and large spatial coverage of the entire vocal tract. However, several existing problems include: i) susceptibility artifacts due to tissue-airboundaries in the oro-pharyngo-laryngeal area, ii) insufficient temporal resolution to resolve the rapid and coordinated movements, and iii) lack of synchronous audio recording for more detailed evaluation. In this work, a recently introduced real-time MRI technique [1, 2] was applied to solve these problems.


A novel anticoagulant, diethyl citrate (Et2Cit) was synthesized and characterized by carbon nuclear magnetic resonance ( 13 C NMR), mass spectrometry and UV-visible spectroscopy. There were two isomers with different chemical environments, that is, 1, 3-diethyl citrate and 1,5-diethyl citrate. Through the determination of whole blood activated clotting time (ACT), the anticoagulant effect in vitro of Et2Cit was investigated. Et2Cit can reduce ions calcium concentration in blood then to play the role of anticoagulation. Et2Cit was superior to anticoagulant Na3Cit duing to the steric hindrance of two ethyl groups in citric acid, which leading a decrease of chelated ability compared to that of Na3Cit. It can prevent hypocalcemia when Et2Cit as anticoagulation, due to the ion blood calcium concentration resumed faster than Na3Cit. Consequently Et2Cit may be a potential ideal anticoagulant. Introduction Anticoagulation is the important guarantee which the hemodialysis carries on smoothly. When sodium citrate (Na3Cit) was used as anticoagulant, because the chelated ability between Na3Cit and Ca 2+ ions is much strong, it is much slow for the chelated compound to release its Ca 2+ ion, thus the low calcium blood sickness was led. Excessive heparin treatment during dialysis inhibits platelet aggregation, which enhances bleeding tendency with a secondary hemorrhage incidence as high as 10%-30%. In addition, it causes several other side effects, such as osteoporosis. Therefore, how to choose appropriate anticoagulant(s) for blood purification therapy is one of the major clinical problems. Low molecular heparin has high cost and bleeding risk [1]. However, all these methods exhibit limitations [1-4]. For example, low molecular heparin has high cost and bleeding risk; no heparin dialysis needs high blood flow, which can cause blood coagulation in dialyser and blood vessel, resulting in dialysis failure; low doses heparin dialysis requires a blood flow rate of over 180 mL/min, and the incidence of secondary hemorrhage is about 13%; when using protamine to neutralize heparin, it is very hard to accurately adjust the protamine/heparin ratio, and the intravenous application of protamine may cause low blood pressure, allergy and even ventricular fibrillation [5]; prostacyclin interferes hemodynamics and can lead to severe hypotension; the resource of recombinant hirudin reagents is limited. 68 Copyright © 2018, the Authors. Published by Atlantis Press. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/). Advances in Biological Sciences Research (ABSR), volume 6 2017 2nd International Conference on Biological Sciences and Technology (BST 2017)


The high resolution capabilities of the High Energy Stereoscopic System (HESS) introduced a new era in Gamma‐Ray Astronomy, and opens a new window on pulsar wind nebula (PWN) research. A rotationally induced jet (associated with PSR B1509‐58) is resolved for the first time in γ‐rays, allowing us to trace the particle transport directly, without having the complicating effect of spatially varying field distributions on the synchrotron emissivity. For PWN older or more extended than Crab (i.e. those with lower field strengths), HESS also reveal the properties of electrons contributing to the EUV/soft X‐ray synchrotron bands, whereas EUV/soft X‐rays suffer from severe interstellar absorption effects. Finally, HESS morphological studies of evovled PWN also allow us to directly measure the effects of assymetric reverse shock interactions due to SNR forward shock expansion into the inhomogeneous interstellar medium.


|γ|+j=m am−j, γ(t, x)D γ xD j tu = 0, D t u(0, x) = gk(x), k = 1, . . . , m, for (t, x) ∈ [0, T ] × R with coefficients belonging to the Zygmund class C ∗ in x and having a modulus of continuity below Lipschitz in t. Imposing additional conditions to control oscillations, we obtain a global (on [0, T ]) L2 energy estimate without loss of derivatives for s ≥ {1 + ε, 2m0 2−m0 }, where m0 is linked to the modulus of continuity of the coefficients in time.


New data are presented on the rupicolous communities of Pinguiculion longifoliae, which occur in the Iberian Peninsula. They grow mostly on vertical, limestone or dolomitic cliffs, namely in shady rock crevices with scarcely developed soil, where tufa deposits are formed that remain sodden and dripping during most of the year due to water emergence. Although up to now the existence of five Iberian associations had been widely accepted, recent studies on the taxonomy of the rupicolous species of Pinguicula in the eastern and southern Iberian Peninsula allows a new interpretation of these fragile habitats. In this contribution, eight associations are recognised in the alliance, one of which is described as new (Eucladio verticillati-Pinguiculetum casperianae ass. nov.); a new nomenclatural combination is made at the association rank (Adianto capilli-veneris-Pinguiculetum dertosensis comb. nov.); and a nomenclatural correction is made for another one (Southbyo tophaceae-Pinguiculetum tejedensis nom. corr.). For each accepted syntaxon, data on their synonymy, usual floristic composition, ecology and chorology are provided, and their nomenclatural type is indicated (including the designation of a lectotype for Adianto-Pinguiculetum dertosensis).


The present investigation deals with the assessment of parametric resonance behavior of new aircraft material, i.e., woven fiber metal laminated (FML) plates subjected to in-plane static and harmonic loading using finite element (FE) technique and Bolotin's method. In this analysis, a four-node isoparametric element with five degrees of freedom per node is adopted. Based on the first-order Reissner–Mindlin theory, the parametric instability of FML plate subjected to in-plane harmonic loading is examined. A MATLAB code is developed for the parametric study on the dynamic stability of FML plates. The reliability of present formulation is checked by comparing numerical results obtained from present FE analysis with the published researches in the field. The influences of several factors, viz. static load factor, aspect ratio, length-to-thickness ratio, number of layers, ply orientation and boundary conditions on the dynamic instability regions are discussed. Significant variations of these factors on dynamic instability zones of FML plates are observed. The instability zones can be used as guidelines for the prediction of the dynamic behavior of FML plates.


Abstract : Progress report on two investigations of temper embrittlement in low alloy steels. Part 1 describes the development of a method of examining grain boundary segregation using neutron activation analysis of etching residues obtained from intergranular fracture surfaces. The method is capable of detecting antimony segregation at grain surfaces and of measuring the decrease in antimony with distance from the intergranular surface. Part 2 describes the development of a field ionization atom probe method of analysis applicable to polycrystalline, carbon-free alloys. Processing necessary to produce stable grain sizes of less than 0.5 micron diameter in the alloys of interest is also described. These small, grain sizes are necessary if the probability of finding a grain boundary in the FIM specimen tip is not to be prohibitively low. (Author)


The Route Planning is an important respect of the mission plan of Cruise Missile. In this paper, the Simulated Annealing Algorithm is introduced into solving the problem of searching the optimal path in Route Planning. Experimental results with various scales and complicated relief maps summarize some qualitative rules of the SAA's application, and also prove the effectiveness and feasibility of the method.


Maulana Karenga ends the "Creative Production" chapter in Introduction to Black Studieswith a justifiable, negative critique of literature's modern lapse into types of detachment and personal gratification that are antithetical to the Black studies enterprise. Scholars have embraced this negative critique of the possibilities of literature to contribute to the problem-solving activities of the discipline. Karenga's critique is required study for the discipline as he issues a call for discourse "to provoke and expand the discussion, not to close or avoid it." This essay is a response, provoked by Karenga, that evaluates axiological and epistemological variables of the academy, the discipline of Black studies, and African culture that support the rescue of the literary in Black studies.


We propose a stochastic filtering model for Limit Order Book (LOB) where the signal process obeys the stochastic differential equation (SDE) whose trend function depend on the history of the LOB in such a way as to reflect the predicted direction of the mid price movement via the Support Vector Machine (SVM). Stochastic dynamics of the LOB is modeled with a queuing system where incoming orders and cancellations of existing orders arrive according to conditionally independent Poisson processes. Finally, numerical example with Nikkei 225 futures are presented.


In order to create new forage variety, caucasian clover (Trifolium ambiguum Bieb.) with strong tolerance to drought and cold introduced from New Zealand as the female parent was hybridized with a white clover (T. repens L.) collected from northeast China, which has strong nitrogen fixation capacity. Hybrid embryos of caucasian clover×white clover were successfully raised using embryo rescue. 13.8% of these embryos grew to maturity. The successfully grown plants were transferred to sterilized vermiculite after 5-6 weeks and then to field after 3-4 months. The hybrid plant showed intermediate morphological features and a chromosomal number of 2n=5X=40. In order to obtain more plants for backcross, a tissue culture system was established for the hybrids, using MS+0.1mg l-1 2, 4-D+2mg l-1 6-BA, MS +0.5mg l-1 NAA+1mg l-1 6-BA+1mg l-1 KT and 1/2MS as the medium for bud-induction, differentiation and root-induction respectively. 80% of the cultured plantlets survived these growing conditions. Hybridity of the plant was also confirmed by ISSR markers using 16 primers.


Abstract Federalism consists of a specific combination of self-rule (autonomy), of limited rule (superposition) and of shared rule (participation), implying the coexistence of two independent levels of government acting simultaneously on the citizens. Federal constitutions regularly accomplish specific functions, like defining the constituent units, distributing powers between the latter and the central unit, and providing for a conflict resolution scheme. This contribution argues that the EU meets every one of these conditions for being considered, in legal terms, as a multinational federal type construction.


Light can exert optical forces on matter. In the macroscopic world these forces are minuscule, but on the microscopic or atomic scale, these for ces are large enough to trap and manipulate particles. They may even be used to coo l atoms to a fraction of a degree above absolute zero. This thesis details a number of experiments concerned with t he optical manipulation of atoms and micron-size particles using free space lig ht beams and photonic crystal fibres. Two atom guiding experiments are described. In the first expe riment, a spatial light modulator is used to generate higher blue-detune d azimuthal LaguerreGaussian (LG) beams, which are annular beams with a hollow co re. These LG beams are then used to guide laser cooled rubidium-85 atoms w ithin the dark core over a distance of 30 mm. The second atom guiding experiment involves attempting to guide laser cooled and thermal rubidium atoms through a hollowcore photonic crystal fibre using red-detuned light. Hollow -core photonic crystal fibres are fibres that are able to guide light with low attenuat ion within a hollow core. For this experiment a hot wire detection system was des ign d, along with a number of complex vacuum systems. The first dual-beam fibre trap for micron-size particles cons tructed using endlessly single-mode photonic crystal fibre (ESM-PCF) is described. T he characteristics of dual beam fibre traps are governed by the fibres used. As ESMPCF has considerably different properties in comparison to conventio nal singleor multimode fibres, this dual beam ESM-PCF trap exhibits some novel charac teristics. I show that the dual beam ESM-PCF trap can form trapping, repulsive a nd line potentials; an interference-free 'white light' trap; and a dual-wavele ngth optical conveyor belt.


In July 2004, adults of G. semirufa were observed attacking maggots of Peckia Robineau-Desvoidy, 1830 while feeding on a Sus scrofa carcass in a cerrado area. In December of the same year, in the same location, third instar maggots of P. trivittata were collected from another pig carcass and taken to laboratory. They were reared in natural conditions. 19 adults of G. semirufa and six adults of P. trivittata emerged from the 31 pupae we had obtained previously, corresponding to 61% of parasitic prevalence.


We have heard so much about static, traditional societies that it is instructive, now and then, to meet one described from real life. Too often the 'static society' is presented as an abstraction. Especially those who write about economic development and other forms of social dynamics in the modern world tend to represent the pre-industrial, pre-modern or generally 'traditional' societies as being inherently static, incapable of profound transformations of their own accord or by their own means. Anthropological monographs may have a built-in tendency in favor of the view of 'traditional' society as static, if for no other reasons because of the emphasis upon description and because of the obvious difficulty of covering more than a short period of time when local oral tradition is the only source of historical record. In many colonial and ex-colonial countries, negative reactions of the natives towards the colonizers may also have contributed to rigidifying traditional cultures which in themselves may have been less inflexible. The book under review is refreshing and innovating in several directions. In addition to presenting a rich and fascinating case study material on an unusually untouched people, the author appears determined not to take the static nature of the society he has investigated for granted, but rather to discover what mechanisms might make it so. Even though important arguments are advanced to show that a primitive society may have strong stabilizing factors built into its mode of operation, the author does not overdraw these conclusions. Pigs for the Ancestors is an in-depth study, based on prolonged field work, of a small population (about two hundred individuals), a clan-group recognized as the Tsembaga and belonging to the wider ethnic group of the Maring, an almost dwarf-sized people living in the highlands of eastern New Guinea. The geographic setting is idyllic in its absence of severe


The architecture of a control system for particle accelerators has to be tailored according to a lot of requirements arising from the particular environment in which the machines work. In this paper we will discuss actual and future trends considering the experience gained designing and commissioning a control system for the heavy ions facility at LNS. Particular care will be devoted to investigate the architectures which mainly require limited investment concerning budget and man power. The growing role of software and graphical programming will be discussed in detail.


Responding to violations against lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, intersex and queer people worldwide, in the light of the universality of human rights, this paper demonstrates the need, benefits and opportunities for including sexual orientation and gender identity (SOGI) in human rights impact assessment (HRIA) and related impact assessments. The United Nations legal framework (including the 2011 Resolution on Human Rights, Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity) and supporting international legal documents such as the Yogyakarta Principles provide the mandate and basis for this paper. The paper develops a typology of documents related to SOGI aspects in HRIA and provides examples of SOGI-centred HRIA approaches, specifically the Uganda Anti-Homosexuality Bill and post-earthquake disaster relief in Haiti. Our findings identify research-practice gaps in modes and technicalities of the pioneer SOGI-centred HRIA cases, and attest to an absence of methodologies, tools and indicators. We call upon impact assessment practitioners to develop and use tools that are inclusive of gays, lesbians and bisexuals as well as transgender and intersex people.


Many individuals with multiple or large colorectal adenomas, or early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC), have no detectable germline mutations in the known cancer predisposition genes. Using whole-genome sequencing, supplemented by linkage and association analysis, we identified specific heterozygous POLE or POLD1 germline variants in several multiple adenoma and/or CRC cases, but in no controls. The susceptibility variants appear to have high penetrance. POLD1 is also associated with endometrial cancer predisposition. The mutations map to equivalent sites in the proof-reading (exonuclease) domain of DNA polymerases ε and δ, and are predicted to impair correction of mispaired bases inserted during DNA replication. In agreement with this prediction, mutation carriers' tumours were microsatellite-stable, but tended to acquire base substitution mutations, as confirmed by yeast functional assays. Further analysis of published data showed that the recently-described group of hypermutant, microsatellite-stable CRCs is likely to be caused by somatic POLE exonuclease domain mutations. Europe PMC Funders Group Author Manuscript Nat Genet. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2013 September 27. Published in final edited form as: Nat Genet. 2013 February ; 45(2): 136–144. doi:10.1038/ng.2503. E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts E uope PM C Fuders A uhor M ancripts Mutations in at least 10 genes are responsible for Mendelian syndromes associated with colorectal cancer. For some of these genes (APC and MUTYH), the primary predisposition is to multiple adenomas, the benign precursors of many colorectal cancers (CRCs). For other genes (STK11/LKB1, SMAD4, BMPR1A and GREM1), CRC risk is mediated through the development of hamartomas or mixed polyps; and for yet other genes (MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2), there is usually no great number of polyps and early-onset CRC or endometrial cancer is the usual presentation. The functions of these 10 genes vary, although it is notable that four encode (MSH2, MLH1, MSH6 and PMS2) encode DNA mismatch repair proteins and a fifth (MUTYH) codes for a glycolsylase that effects base excision repair (MUTYH). There exists a set of patients who appear a priori to have a strong chance of carrying a high-penetrance CRC predisposition allele, but who have no mutations in these genes. One such group of patients is characterised by multiple adenomas, typically 10-100 in number, often presenting before the age of 60 and frequently progressing to CRC unless treated. Some of these individuals come from extensive CRC pedigrees, but many have no significant family history of colorectal tumours. As part of the Oxford-Illumina WGS500 project, we undertook whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of 15 probands who had been diagnosed with at least 10 colorectal adenomas by 60 years of age (Supplementary Table 1). For three probands, a relative with more than 5 adenomas was also sequenced, and for one proband two additional affected relatives were sequenced. Eight of the 20 sequenced individuals had developed colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and all of the remainder had a first-degree relative with CRC. Known Mendelian cancer syndromes had reportedly been excluded previously in the clinical diagnostic setting, by mutation screening for APC, MUTYH and the mismatch repair genes, together with microsatellite instability (MSI) testing and immunohistochemistry for mismatch repair proteins in some cases. The pedigrees of the 15 families showed a degree of heterogeneity in their phenotypes and patterns of inheritance, and we anticipated that this might reflect underlying genetic heterogeneity.


Conductive polymers are promising materials as active elements for energy storage and conversion devices due to mixed ion–electron conduction. The ion diffusion coefficient is a relative measure of the efficacy of ion transport, allowing for comparison between materials and electrochemical conditions. In this work, diffusion coefficients of hexafluorophosphate (PF6−) counterions in poly(3-alkylthiophene) (P3AT) materials are measured as a function of both side-chain length and microstructure using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). For semi-crystalline films, the diffusion coefficient is found to be anomalous and nearly independent of applied electrochemical potential. The anomalous behavior of diffusion indicates that spin casting yields compact films with an enthalpic barrier to ion transport, attributed to ionic trapping. Diffusion coefficient values ∼10−11 cm2 s−1 were measured for all films, indicating interchain spacing, in the absence of strong intermolecular interactions with the electrolyte, is not a viable design strategy to control ion transport. For the prototypical system of poly(3-hexylthiophene), we observe almost no potential dependence in ion transport for regioregular and regiorandom films of comparable molecular weight, with both exhibiting anomalous diffusion. Alternatively, changing the microstructure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) to a mostly amorphous, ion-imprinted structure yields ∼500× increase in the diffusion coefficient to ∼2 × 10−8 cm2 s−1 at 0.8 V vs. Ag/Ag+ with behavior closer to ordinary diffusion. Collectively, these results indicate new insight into ion transport in conductive polymers, where ionic trapping effects can be mitigated through electrodeposition protocols over post-synthesis processing (i.e. spin coating).


The elevation in serum copper (u) concentration following administration of oral contraceptives is well established and has been attributed to the stimulation of ceruloplasmin synthesis by estrogen. The effect on serum zinc (Zn) concentration has not been as clearly defined. Serum was obtained from 11 women (aged 22-25 years) attending a Family Planning Clinic. The 1st blood sample was taken before administration of oral contraceptives and the 2nd 3-10 months later. Samples were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrophotometry following dilution with 6% butanol. Data were tested for significance using the paired "t" test. Initial serum Zn concentration was (mean plus or minus standard deviation) 103 + or -19 mcg Zn/100 ml; final Zn concentration was not changed: 108 + or -19 mcg Zn/100 ml (p greater than .4 less than .5). Individual changes for Zn were variable ranging from a decrease of 30% to an increase of 32%. Serum Cu concentration initially 154 + or -20 mcg Cu/100 ml increased 8% to 58% to a final concentration of 253 + or -38 mcg Cu/100 ml (p less than .001). The Zn:Cu ratio in serum fell from .7 to .4 after taking contraceptives (p less than .005). The ingestion of oral contraceptives did not appear to influence consistently serum Zn concentration in contrast to the effect on serum Cu. The change in Zn:Cu ratio reflected the change in serum Cu concentration.(Full text)