Soil degradation due to salts affects over 100 countries, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where salts migrate to the plant root zone via capillary action when evapotranspiration exceeds rainfall. Soil salinity reduces germination, growth, and root development, impacting crop yields, while excess sodium decreases water movement into the soil. Soil properties, namely, electrical conductivity (ECe), sodium adsorption ratio (SARe), and pH (pHe), affected by sparingly and soluble salts, are typically analyzed using soil saturated paste (SP). However, a simpler and cost-effective alternative is assessing soil salinity using soil:water solutions at ratio 1:5 (SW). This study developed empirical models between EC1:5-ECe, SAR1:5-SARe, and pH1:5-pHe to monitor soil salinity and sodicity in Lajas Valley, Puerto Rico, an agricultural reserve with 1,140 mm of mean annual rainfall and soils classified as saline and/or sodic. The ECe Sampling, Assessment, and Prediction software for Response Surface Sampling Design (ESAP-RSSD) optimized soil sampling with 48 points. Measurements of EC, pH, cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+), and SAR were conducted using SP and 1:5 SW extracts. Simple linear regression models estimated ECe (R2 > 0.93, p < 0.0001) and SARe (R2 > 0.98, p < 0.0001) from 1:5 extracts. The pHe models varied with depth, showing a strong correlation (R2 > 0.62, p < 0.0001) from 0 to 30 cm and weakening (R2 > 0.27, p < 0.0022) from 90 to 120 cm. The simple linear regression models generally perform well for EC and pH variables, with better performance observed at shallower depths. SW proves to be a practical, cost-effective, and efficient method for assessing salt-affected soils in Lajas Valley. By enabling regular soil salinity analysis, the developed estimation models combined with SW extraction could improve soil management practices and agricultural productivity.


Atlas Copco Tools develops and manufactures handheld industrial tools. Heat and surface treatments are used to provide the tools with certain properties. There are no routines for the choice of treatment or for how to specify treatment on drawings. Production documents that are sent for production abroad may not be clear enough. Some treatments are known as trademarks and there are no instructions for how to specify these on drawings and in CAD-models.The purpose of this master thesis work is to create recommendations for the procedure of choosing heat and surface treatment. The aim is also to investigate and propose how to specify treatments so as to facilitate a better understanding of Atlas Copco drawings.A pre-study illustrated how heat and surface treatment is specified on drawings. The pre-study included several interviews which laid ground for requirements and desires concerning the procedure of choosing treatment.Atlas Copco has satisfactory information and routines for the specification of heat treatment. The demand for guidance and information on surface treatment is greatest for black oxidation, anodizing and Blacknite. A web based design tool is to contain a surface treatment guide. By specifying the requirements of the surface the mechanical engineer is led to appropriate treatment and drawing specification. Surface treatment is to be stated on the third line of the head of the drawing as a text string containing treatment, requirements and a reference to standard. Standard documents are to be divided into two parts, the directive for surface treatment and the treatment standards.


The leaching and migration of heavy metals in soil is directly related to the groundwater quality and health problems,so it is urgent and necessary to study their chemical behavior in soil.This paper reviews the properties and composition of soil dissolvable organic carbon(DOC),Cd concentration in soil,effects of some soil indexed factors and so on,and the interaction of the DOC with soil Cd may lead to vertical migration behavior of Cd in soil; discusses the mechanism of effect of soil pH value,organic matter and others on chemical behavior of Cd in soil,and the existing problems; and then prospects the future related research.


Background Behavioural science and its contribution towards improving public health is receiving increased recognition. Yet, the translation of these insights into public health practice is under-researched. This study explored the factors influencing the use of behavioural science within public health at a local authority level. Methods Fourteen local authority staff (n = 13 female) in the south of England participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analysed inductively to identify key themes. These were later mapped deductively to the COM-B model and Theoretical Domains Framework. Findings Nine themes were identified as factors that influence the use of behavioural science in local authority public health: (1) "Limited past experience," (2) "Narrow understanding," (3) "Perceived value of behavioural science," (4) "Translational gap from theory-to-practice," (5) "No protected time," (6) "Old ways of working," (7) "Political influence and organisational culture," (8) "Relationships with key stakeholders," (9) "Access to behavioural science resources". Deductive mapping of these themes revealed that five of the COM constructs (excluding Physical Capability) and eleven of the TDF domains influenced behavioural science use, with "Social influences" and "Knowledge" being the most prominent. Discussion Use of behavioural science within local authority public health practice is limited and inconsistent. For it to be successfully implemented, there must be an understanding of its role and value, alongside strategies to overcome a translational gap from theory to practice. Public health teams would benefit from protected time to enable application and strategies to break old habits of using a common-sense approach. System-wide buy-in, particularly related to senior leadership and system partners is needed, which would benefit from organisational and political culture change. Training opportunities, practical resources and expert in-house support should be considered a priority across public health teams.


The paper presents the analyses of explosive material sensors. Sensors are described and assigned to the X and radiation, optical radiation sensors, as well as detectors applied in gas chromatography, electrochemical and chemical sensors. Furthermore, neutron techniques and magnetic resonance devices were analysed; the particular attention of the optoelectronic sensors of explosive devices. These robots used in the military applications employed with the integrated system, including video screens, sensors, gripper and cameras. The fighting robots also have different shapes according to the purposes of each robot. Here, the new system is proposed with the help of low power Zigbee wireless sensor network to trace out the intruders (unknown persons) and the robot will take the necessary action automatically. Thus, the proposed system, an intelligent unmanned robot (IUR) using Zigbee saves human life and reduces manual error in defence side. The specially designed robotic system to preserve human life and protects the country from enemies.


This article presents a novel planar monopole antenna with circular polarization. The 3‐dB axial ratio (AR) is achieved by: shifting a vertical monopole to the left edge of the substrate in conjunction with a laterally inverted L‐shaped ground plane. When viewed from the top, the antenna resembles an uneven T‐shaped structure rotated at 90°. Measurement results show that; a 3‐dB AR bandwidth is achieved from 3.1 to 6.2 GHz (66.7% fractional bandwidth) and an S11 ≤ −10 dB bandwidth is realized from 2.5 to 6.5 GHz (88.9% fractional bandwidth). The proposed antenna is compact with an area of 20 mm2, produces stable radiation patterns, and its simple to design and fabricate without using parasitic elements or introducing slots on the antenna.


This paper reviews processes used to develop a cross institutional, pilot administrator entry year program which providdd leadership and learning support for beginning principals, assisted in further development of Ohio's administrative portfolio, provided a collaborative learning community, and created a statewide learning community to help reshape the principal's role. The program relied on the cluster as the level in which to develop mentor-mentee relationships, professional networking, and a portfolio for submission to the Educational Testing Service. First-year program evaluation examined the views of the Coordinating Committee, facilitators, mentors, and mentees about the program and investigated how major program components compared with independent standards for those type of components and examined program value as a means for beginning principals to fulfill requirements for the 5-year license, develop portfolios for assessment, and develop support programs for professional growth and development. Second-year evaluation investigated and identified seven significant program components and functions. Most mentors and mentees stayed with the program through its duration, which indicated perceived program value and success. The Coordinating Committee maintained collegial relationships between the Northeast Ohio graduate programs that prepared educational administrators. It also grew over the term of the pilot. (Contains 17 references.) (SM) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. 1 PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE AND DISSEMINATE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY TO THE EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) ADMINISTRATOR ENTRY YEAR PROGRAMMING A CROSS INSTITUTIONAL PILOT PROGRAM PROCESS, PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS, AND LESSONS LEARNED U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION Office of Educational Research and Improvement EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION CENTER (ERIC) O This document has been reproduced as received from the person or organization originating it. O Minor changes have been made to improve reproduction quality. Points of view or opinions stated in this document do not necessarily represent official OERI position or policy. By Louis Trenta The University of Akron Robert Beebe Youngstown State Univrsity Patrick Cosiano Baldwin-Wallace College Harry Eastridge Cuyahoga County Educational Service Center A paper prepared for presentation at the University Council for Educational Administration Convention Cincinnati, Ohio, November 2-4, 2001 BEST COPY AVAILABLE 2 ADMINISTRATOR ENTRY YEAR PROGRAMMING A CROSS INSTITUTIONAL PILOT PROGRAM PROCESS, PROGRAM DESCRIPTIONS, AND LESSONS LEARNED By Louis Trenta, Robert Beebe, Patrick Cosiano, and Harry Eastridge Introduction In 1999 the State of Ohio established five groups to develop and pilot test entry year programs for administrators. The Northeast Ohio group took as the primary objectives of the project to develop, operate, and evaluate an entry year program for principals designed to reflect its own vision of what such a program should be. While created to assist the Ohio Department of Education in preparing to administer the State's new licensing law for administrators in 2003 and therefore somewhat constrained by the requirements of the law, the participants, as university professors and district administrators, had experience with past and current induction efforts for new administrators. While each participant's grasp of the literature related to administrator induction programs would naturally vary, the various ideas expressed in recent literature on the topic were brought forward in the course of the discussions and activities of the coordinating committee. One key idea related to the relationship between the educational administration preparation program and the first job as an administrator. Mosrie (1990) in writing about a principal training and development program stated that graduate school alone was not an


The image reconstruction in the computed tomography is completed by the inverse Radon transform,and the normal method is called filtered backprojection. But in this method, all the projection data must be processed even if only the local image is reconstructed. The wavelet reconstruction developed in recent years can get the wavelet coefficients directly from the projection data and it can reconstruct the local wavelet coefficients only with the projection data passing through the objects of interest. In the reconstruction, the selection of different wavelets affects the effect of wavelet reconstruction. This paper analyzes the reconstruction with the Daubechies wavelets and the biorthogonal wavelets and proposes some principles for selecting the wavelet.


Currently, the process of globalization, intense intercultural contacts, changes in social structure, and internationalization of higher education influence inter-ethnic relations, ethnic identity, as well as language changes. These processes can be observed among the Russian-Germans living in the territory of the Kirov region. Their investigation started in 1999 and is currently going on. The relevance of the study is due to the significance of the linguistic interaction at the present stage of the German language development in Russia, where for decades the German language has been developing and changing in linguistic enclaves environment. In this regard, this paper aims to explore ethnic and linguistic identity of German bilinguals living in the environment of a foreign language, different dialect, or different confession in isolation from the main ethnic array. The leading methods in the study were socio-differentiated analysis, as well as comparative and statistical methods used while correlating the dialect systems under review to other German dialectal systems, literary German language, as well as with the Russian language. In the study, we came to the conclusion that the priority layer in the structure of the ethnic identity of Russian Germans in the Kirov region includes the following distinctive features: common territory, language, religion, family life, folklore, crafts, norms of behavior, common historical destiny and common psychological makeup. The language of the German ethnic minority, who live in the territory of the Kirov region, is unique and peculiar. It is characterized, above all, by mixed dialects in a foreign language environment and by a variety of their existing forms of. The paper is of practical value to scholars dealing with the German island dialects.


This experiment was designed to determine the effects of model * s performance and characteristics on preschool children's attitudes toward a nonpreferred toy. The children were randomly assigned to interact with an adult model who was either neutral or highly rewarding (nurturant) to the child. During a modeling phase5 the model displayed either high or low affect when playing with the nonpreferred toy. The child's observation of the model's play significantly increased the child's choice of this toy during free play with and in his rating of*this toy. Personal affect shown by the model significantly enhanced the influence his performance had on the children's toy preferences. Boys were more influenced by the model's display of affect than were girls. The degree of model rewardingness did not affect the children's toy preferences.


In previous papers, the effect of a mean stress on a fatigue crack initiation and its propagation from a circular hole was estimated. It is well known that a crack initiated at a bottom of a dull notch have a large propagating rate. Therefore, a degree of the effect of the mean stress on the fatigue crack initiation and its propagating rate may be affected by sharpness of the notch.A fatigue test was additionally made with specimens containing two kinds of shapes of the notch and it is discussed how the degree of the effect of the mean stress on them is affected by sharpness of the notch and the following onclusions are obtained : (1) The mean stress does not affect the crack initiation at every shape of the notch. A life to the crack initiation at the circular hole or two slits is determined only by an alternating stress at the point inner e0 from the bottom of the each notch without regard to the shape of notch. e0 corresponds to a mean size of a ferrite patch of S35C steel used in this experiment.(2) The degree of the mean stress on the fatigue crack propagating rate decreases with sharpening of the notch and this can be explained by the behaviour of the crack propagation previously reported by the authors.


Maria Silverwood' was excited when, on her twenty-fifth birthday, she was hired as a sales manager trainee for a Seattle company that manufactured computer graphic equipment. As a single mother, Maria needed a stable, secure job with potential for promotion. When Maria went for her mandatory new employee physical examination, she filled out a routine medical history form, on which she noted that her mother had died of Huntington's disease. Maria was shocked when she later found out she was ineligible for company-sponsored disability insurance because of the information she included in her medical history. Nonetheless, Maria expected to move quickly up the ranks at her new company. She consistently received "excellent" ratings in performance reviews, and she was named "employee of the year" during her second and third years with the company. Maria's immediate supervisor repeatedly told her that she definitely was management material. Four years after being hired, however, Maria was still classified as a trainee and paid at trainee's wages. Since the salary raises she had expected never materialized, Maria, as a single mother, found it increasingly difficult to make ends meet. What Maria suspected, but could not prove, was that she was denied promotion on the basis of her genetic history, just as she had been denied disability insurance. The truth was that company managers knew of Maria's genetic history, as reported when she was hired. They had not promoted Maria into a


ABSTRACT: In this article we aim at updating the status of the capitalist's discourse as first introduced by Jacques Lacan in the early 1970s, in light of the permeating trend of neoliberalism towards unlimited extension in our present-day societies. After examining the written logic of discourses proposed by Jacques Lacan, we will present the four discourses and their latest corollary: the capitalist's discourse. We will then submit and discuss the syntagm of "discourse of neoliberalism", by comparing it as a variant of the capitalist's discourse. Finally, we will present neoliberalism as a reinforced Master's discourse, so as to call it the "hypermodern Master's discourse".


In this study the effect of parametric variation of the pole-arc offset distance on the performance of a permanent-magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) used in wind energy applications has been investigated. Fourier analyses of the voltage wave-shapes that are obtained by the parametric variation of the pole-arc offset value have been made. The THD is determined for each voltage wave-shape. As a result of optimization study the efficiency and the output power have been kept approximately constant. The THD of the output voltage has been decreased


The document(No.B163:3),unearthed in the northern section of Mogao Grotto,Dunhuang,is a xylographic fragment of Sakya Mottoes in Mongolian quadratic script.This is the fourth fragment


Handsets are converging to multimedia multi-protocol systems with multimedia and communications systems. Sandbridge Technologies has developed the multithreaded Sandblaster DSP core for such convergent devices. This paper presents different approaches to the implementation of GSM/GPRS physical layer on the Sandblaster DSP. Testing of real time performance with a commercial RF front-end is also presented.


The author discussed the number of solutions to binomial congruent equation on composite number module and established several theorems, which makes it more convenient to determine the number of solutions to binomial congruent equation.


This article presents the results of experimental studies of speech intelligibility under various types of noise. Articulation tables of phrases and monosyllabic words were used as test speech signals. Noisy speech signals were generated using audio files processing software. The articulation method was used to assess the speech intelligibility. In experimental studies for various types of noise, the dependences of verbal and phrasal intelligibility of speech ranging from the signal-to-noise ratio of – 20 dB to + 10 dB were obtained. Analytic relations approximating the experimental dependences of speech intelligibility depending on signal-to-noise ratios were obtained. The results of the study can be used to assess the intelligibility of voice messages received under noise conditions in analogue communication channels, as well as the effectiveness of the voice information protection.


Subspace identification method was adopted to build a state-space model of the battery pack by directly using the acquisition data of current and voltage. The terminal voltage was split into four parts according to the relationship between the current and each element of the models output voltage. Then an equivalent circuit model composed of resistances and capacities was set up to simulate the relationship. Based on the battery model, a state space model with SOC as the state variable and voltage UCb as the output was set up. By applying a designed adaptive Kalman filter method to the model and adopting the voltage UT1 from the subspace method as the measured output, the optimum estimation of SOC can be acquired with only calculations of one dimension.


The theory of the interaction between magnons ancl phonons i11 a ferromagnetic crystal subject to time-dependent magnetic fields is developed by quantum mechanical methods. The theory has been previously developed only in semiclassical ternis and it revealed that under ccrtain wnditions one can convert completely a state of lattice vibration (phonons) into a state of magnetic excitation (magnons). The theory developed here is based on the quantization of the magnetoelastic fields. With the Heisenberg equations of motion for the magnon, phonon and magnetoelastic excitation operators, it is shown that the results of the quantum theory are essentially the same as those previously obtained. In a time-dependent field, a magnetoelastic excitation has an invariant momentum but variable energy. When the field gradient at the crossover region is much smaller than a critical value, an initial elastic excitation can be completely converted into a magnetic excitation, or vice-versa It is shown further that if the system is initially in a coherent state, its coherence properties are maintained regardless of the time-dependence of the field.


According to Wiener-Khintchine theorem, autocorrelation function of an image was proved that can be used as sharpness evaluation function. An image sharpness index k is proposed and the relationship between content of high frequency components of an image and the width d of its autocorrelation function main lobe was constructed through Fourier transformation. The direct ration relationship between the sharpness index k of an image and the width d of its autocorrelation function main lobe was also validated by experiments. Theoretical analysis and experiment results indicate that d increases when an image is blurry and d decreases when the image is clear.


We have calculated the amount of radioactive heat production (RHP) that could possibly prevent the postulated underground ocean of Enceladus from freezing. An internal heat source is necessary to justify the observed heat output from Enceladus and to allow the tidal dissipation heating models to work. Also based on the terrestrial evidence, we have assumed that the most common radiogenic element that can produce such internal heat is 238U. Our results show that a minimum amount in the range 38.10–76.59 ppm of 238U, averaged over the whole mass of Enceladus, is necessary to obtain the required RHP. The range of values increases to 63.60–127.70 ppm if we consider only the mass of the rocky portion and 2890–5775 ppm if we consider the mass of the rock + ice portion of Enceladus just below the southern polar area. Even in the latter case, the concentration of uranium is still well below the amount found in high-grade ore on Earth.


Aiming at some of the problems existed in construction of teaching resources in open distance education in our country,such as weak standard,lack of applied resources,repeated construction,this paper starts form the analysis of construction mode for instructional resources,analyses the content of mode structure,construction focus,and suggests constructing of multilevel resources base,strengthening thoughts of "double core" and the principle of economy,promoting standarization and sharing mechanism.


This work proposes a supervised multi-objective optimization algorithm that assumes the existence of non-dominated solutions that serve as supervised data. In an expensive multi-objective optimization problem, it is required to obtain a solution set that approximates the Pareto front with an extremely small number of function evaluations. We often know some good solutions in advance when dealing with optimization problems. In this case, instead of generating solutions from scratch, generating solutions from known good solutions can be a shortcut for optimization. The proposed method estimates the Pareto front and Pareto set using the response surface methodology with existing non-dominated solutions as the supervised data. The proposed method selects a subset of objective vectors on the estimated Pareto front and obtains the subset as the solution set. Experimental results using DTLZ and WFG test suites show that the proposed method works well even with only ten non-dominated solutions and 150 function evaluations.


Prior to their current renaissance, comics were often viewed, at best, as popular entertainment and, at worst, as a dangerous influence on youth. Such attitudes were certainly prevalent in the early 1950s when comics were at their most popular, with critics such as Fredric Wertham voicing the most strenuous arguments against comics in his 1954 book Seduction of the Innocent (for an extended discussion of this debate, see Dorrell, Curtis, and Rampal). Wertham baldly asserts that "[c]omic books are death on reading" (121). He goes on, "Reading troubles in children are on the increase. An important cause of this increase is the comic book. A very large proportion of children who cannot read well habitually read comic books. They are not really readers, but gaze mostly at the pictures, picking up a word here and there. Among the worst readers is a very high percentage of comic-book addicts who spend very much time 'reading' comic books. They are book-worms without books" (122). According to this thinking, children who read comic books are not really reading; they are simply looking at the pictures as a way to avoid engaging in the complex processes of learning to read. The problem, according to Wertham, is that in reading comics children focus far too much on the image to make meaning and avoid engaging with the written word, a semiotic system that Wertham clearly sees as both more complex and more important. Though he sees the ver the last several years, comics have been an ever more visible and well-regarded part of mainstream culture. Comics are now reviewed in major newspapers and featured on the shelves of independent and chain bookstores. Major publishing houses such as Pantheon publish work in the comics medium, including books such as Marjane Satrapi's Persepolis and David B.'s Epileptic. Educational publishers such as Scholastic are also getting in on the act; in January 2005, Scholastic launched its own graphic novels imprint, Graphix, with the publication of Jeff Smith's highly acclaimed Bone series. At the NCTE Annual Convention, graphic novels and comics are displayed in ever greater numbers. School and public libraries are building graphic novels collections to try to get adolescents into the library. Comics have, indeed, emerged from the margins into the mainstream. With all this activity and discussion surrounding comics, it is timely to consider how we as literacy teachers might think about the practice of using comics in our classrooms and how this practice fits into ongoing debates about comics and literacy. In examining these links between theory and practice, I wish to move beyond seeing the reading of comics as a debased or simplified word-based literacy. Instead, I want to advance two ideas: (1) reading comics involves a complex, multimodal literacy; and (2) by using comics in our classrooms, we can help students develop as critical and engaged readers of multimodal texts. Historically, comics have been viewed as a "debased or simplified word-based literacy," explains Dale Jacobs, who considers comics to be complex, multimodal texts. Examining Ted Naifeh's Polly and the Pirates, Jacobs shows how comics can engage students in multiple literacies, furthering meaning-making practices in the classroom and beyond. Dale Jacobs


The methodology of 5-axis cutter selection to avert collision for free-form surface machining by flat-end cutters is presented. The combination of different cutters is adopt aiming at short machining time and high precision. The optimal small cutter is determined based on the geometric information of the points where a cutter most probably collide with the machined surface. Several larger cutters are selected to machine the surface in order to find the interference-free area. The difference of machining time for this area between the optimal small cutter and the large cutters is calculated. The functional relationship between the machining time and the radius of a cutter is established, by which the optimal number of cutters is obtained. The combination of cutters, which possesses the minimum overall machining time, is selected as the optimal cutter sizes. A case study has demonstrated the validity of the proposed methodology and algorithms.


This paper searched an effective way to reduce wasted materials in the clothing industry, from an equipment which will be attached to the bias machine, informing on a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), the length of bias tape cut out, facilitating stop cutting when desired.


Setting up a reliable and automated testing process can be challenging in a cloud environment, due to the many ways automatic and repeated system deployment may unexpectedly fail. Imperfect deployments may cause spurious test failures, resulting in a waste of test resources and effort. To address this issue, developers can implement smoke test suites, which are shallow test suites that are executed before any other test suite to verify that the system under test is fully operational, and can be thus reliably tested. This paper presents KubeSmokeTester, a tool that alleviates the effort necessary to implement smoke test suites by providing automated generation capabilities for Kubernetes applications. The tool has been experienced with 60 versions of two industrial systems demonstrating its suitability in anticipating spurious test failures.


We have performed DV-Xα molecular orbital calculations for XANES of the N2 and CrO42- species to confirm our conclusions concerning the origin of shape resonances reported before. The theoretical spectra in the present work are in good agreement with the experimental spectra. Shape resonances for the N2 molecule are examined and, as well as the previous works, found to-be due to electron scattering by the attractive potential of molecule, neither due to centrifugal barrier nor another potential barrier.


The results of experimental studies of the main characteristics of commercially available analog fiber-optic links for microwave signals transmission are presented. The measurements were carried out for transmitters of two types: with direct modulation of Fabry-Perot resonator laser emission intensity through laser injection current modulation and with external modulation of the DFB laser emission intensity in the Mach-Zehnder modulator. Both the optical spectra of the modulated radiation at the transmitter output and the corresponding spectra of signals with a frequency band up to 18 GHz at the output of photodetector modules of analog links have been measured. Special attention was paid to time delay measurements into links' transceiver and receiver modules.


This report has been thought as a supplement to the article "Representations diagrammatiques: perspectives cognitives et computationnelles" (C. Recanati, Intellectica n°40, 2005). We give here two detailed examples of the use of diagrams in human reasoning. The main part reports observations made on the strategy of players in the game of Master Mind.


Introduction The importance of temperature as an environmental factor in the growth of Cinchona, the tree from which quinine is obtained, may be realized from a study of its natural environment. The genus is native to a region extending over 1,500 miles along the slopes of the Andes Mountains of South America. The various species occur at altitudes ranging from 2,500 to 9,000 feet above sea level (4). Relatively cool temperatures, high rainfall and high humidity prevail in these areas. In Java, where Cinchona has reached the peak of cultivation, the most suitable elevation is from 3,000 to 7,000 feet (1). Temperature conditions are relatively uniform from one month to the next. A mean temperature of 630 F. was the average over a period of 11 years at the Government Cinchona Station located at Tjinjiroean, Java, at 5,200 feet elevation (2).


Weak-acid type cation-exchange fiber based on polypropylene fiber was synthesized by preirradiation- induced graft polymerization of acrylic acid and the reaction mechanism was studied.The condition of the prepa- ration was investigated by orthodoxy experimental method.The optimum reaction conditions of gaining higher exchange capacity are as follows.Preirradiation total dose was 25kGy,reaction temperature 50℃,monomer concentration 20%,reaction time 2h,the maximum exchange capacity was 9.85mmol/g under this testing con- dition and the average was 9.65mmol/g.Reaction mechanism of preirradiation-induced graft polymerization was also studied.


Objective To establish a tandem affinity purification(TAP) system of innate immune-regulatory protein PKR and analyze PKR function, for the future screen and identification of novel PKR-interaction proteins. Methods PKR gene was amplified by PCR, and then cloned into a mammalian expression vector pcTAP-A. Recombinant pcTAP-PKR was transfected into PKR knock-down(PKRkd) HeLa cells by LipofectAMINE 2000,and the PKR overexpressed HeLa cells were harvested for mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPK) activation analysis. Cell extracts of PKR overexpressed cells were purified using TAP kit and examined by Western blot. Results Cal modulin resin(CBP) and streptavidin resin(SBP) tagged PKR was detected in PKRkd HeLa cells as early as 24 h upon transfection with pcTAP-PKR, and its expression decreased at later time points. The overexpression of PKR was autophosphorylated, and thus involved in the regulation of MAPK actviation. After small-scale TAP kit purification, PKR protein was detectable by Western blot. Conclusion We have successfully established a TAP system that over-expresses functional PKR, providing a useful tool for the future study on the identification of PKR interacting proteins.

Key words:
Double-stranded RNA;  Protein kinase PKR;  Affinity;  Purification


: Diabetes mellitus is hyperglycemic condition that occurs due to defects in insulin secretion or β-cell destruction. Amylin is an 37-amino acid peptide co synthesized and co secreted with insulin which is firstly isolated, purified, and characterized from the amyloid deposits in the pancreases of type 2 diabetics patients. Amylin deficiency occurs in type I and late stage type II diabetes patients due to β-cell destruction. Pramlintide (Symlin®), is an synthetic analogue of the naturally occurring pancreatic hormone amylin, is currently used with insulin in adjunctive therapy for type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Several synthetic approaches are uesd for synthesis of pramlitide via microwave irradiation. Amylin agonists could also be useful for weight loss, especially in combination with other agents.


The gravity balance mechanism plays a vital role in maintaining the equilibrium for robots and assistive devices. The purpose of this paper was to optimize the geometry of a planar spring, which is an essential element of the gravity balance mechanism. To implement the optimization process, a hybrid method is proposed by combining the finite element method, the deep feedforward neural network, and the water cycle algorithm. Firstly, datasets are collected using the finite element method with a full experiment design. Secondly, the output datasets are normalized to eliminate the effects of the difference of units. Thirdly, the deep feedforward neural network is then employed to build the approximate models for the strain energy, deformation, and stress of the planar spring. Finally, the water cycle algorithm is used to optimize the dimensions of the planar spring. The results found that the optimal geometries of the spring include the length of 45 mm, the thickness of 1.029 mm, the width of 9 mm, and the radius of 0.3 mm. Besides, the predicted results determined that the strain energy, the deformation, and the stress are 0.01123 mJ, 33.666 mm, and 79.050 MPa, respectively. The errors between the predicted result and the verifying results for the strain energy, the deformation, and the stress are about 1.87%, 1.69%, and 3.06%, respectively.


Improving the quality of health care requires innovative approaches to addressing the misuse, overuse, and underuse of medication in the United States. Strategies must be patient-centered, collaborative, and aligned with the move toward value-based care. We highlight research in North Carolina aimed at achieving these goals.


The aim of this paper is to analyse some spechees published in the book Politica espiritual, which were addressed by Joaquin V. Gonzalez between 1905 and 190...


In 1958, in the Observer, Kenneth Tynan wrote of "a dazzling new playwright," with his inimitable enthusiasm he declared: "I am ready to burn my boats and promise [that] N.F. Simpson [is] the most gifted comic writer the English stage has discovered since the war" (Tynan 210). Now, in 2008, despite a recent West End revival, 1 few critics would cite Simpson at all and debates regarding the "most gifted comic writer" of the English stage would invariably be centred on Tom Stoppard, Joe Orton, Samuel Beckett or, for those with a more morose sense of humour, Harold Pinter. Part of the reason for Simpson's critical decline can be put down to protracted periods of silence; after his run of critically and commercially successful plays with The English Stage Company, 2 Simpson only produced two further full length plays: The Cresta Run (1965) and Was He Anyone? (1972). Of these, the former was poorly received and the latter only reached the fringe theatre. 3 As Stephen Pile recently put it, "in 1983, Simpson himself vanished" with no apparent fixed address. The other reason that may be cited is that, more than any other British writer of his time, Simpson was associated with "The Theatre of the Absurd." As the vogue for the style died out in London, Simpson's brand of Absurdism simply went out of fashion. John Russell Taylor offers perhaps the most scathing version of that argument: "whether one likes or dislikes N.F. Simpson's work, it seems to me, there is little to be said about it. It is uniquely all of a piece, all written in pretty well the same style, and all based on one principle, the non-sequitur" (Taylor 66). Whereas, for example, Harold Pinter developed and


International technology transfer occurs frequently in international operations, for example in
cases of foreign direct investment where companies set-up existing manufacturing lines in new
locations. It also occurs in situations of international outsourcing where a new supplier receives
product and/or production process information. This technology transfer process often leads to
difficulties, for example delays and much higher costs than anticipated. To gain insight into the
causes of these difficulties we used a grounded theory approach to describe the process of
international production technology transfer. We conducted four case studies in the aircraft
industry and analyzed the problems that occurred. We found that technology transfer consists of
three phases: preparation, installation and utilization. These three phases are influenced by three
types of factors: technological, organizational and environmental. The combination of activities
with factors enables an integrated view on international technology transfer. We found that the
amount of technology, the accuracy of information, and the extent of organizational and
environmental differences have a large impact on the efficiency of the technology transfer
process.


The show of commodity is an important way for commodity manage and sell. The deploy in Putting of commodity,colour design and environment colour in shows not only has rationality and artistic. but also lay stress on the commodity's featune and image. Amang them, the colour design's affect is very important.


Purpose
This study aims to examine open innovation that consists a wide range of external knowledge search activities, such external search breadth and depth, external R&D, cooperation and acquisition activities, as a response to different innovation barriers faced by Indonesian firms.

Design/methodology/approach
Data are derived from Indonesia innovation survey. Exploratory factor analysis is used to identify and combine innovation barriers variables. Ordered logistic estimation is used to measure the impact of innovation barriers on firm openness decision. Logistic regression is used to measure the impact of innovation barriers on firm openness indicators such as external R&D, cooperation and acquisition as the variables are binary. Finally, Tobit regression is used to measure the impact of firm openness decision on innovation performance.

Findings
The main findings indicate that different barriers to innovation lead to different firms' openness decisions, and different decisions on openness have differentiated influence on innovation performance.

Originality/value
This study contributes to the innovation barrier literature by empirically testing whether experiencing barriers to innovation is associated with a broader external knowledge search activity. Previous studies tend to link innovation barriers with a narrow activity as indicated by external knowledge searching widely and deeply.


In electrical machines, the modularity by making the stator in multiple parts brings many advantages. The ability to create machines of different power using the same E-cores,to be scalable, is very important in terms of production and transportation costs. In this study, E-core design for a modular and scalable PMSG is discussed. E-core dimensions are determined by considering magnetic and electrical loading, magnetic coupling, torque ripple, cogging torque, voltage harmonics, etc. apart from enabling the creation of different slot/pole combinations. Core and magnet sizes are determined analytically and FEM analysis of two selected models have been performed. Prototypes of machines with slot/pole combinations of 24/22 and 48/46 and rated power of 2.5kW and 5kW respectively have been manufactured with the same E-cores.


Objetivo : La familia es el núcleo fundamental de la sociedad por lo que el tipo de relaciones que se establece entre los integrantes es de gran importancia, está sujeto a cambiantes influencias externas, con una historia y un futuro compartidos; y con etapas de desarrollo, así como con pautas habituales entre sus miembros; el objetivo es determinarla valoración familiar del ciclo vital desde el enfoque of relationship that exists between the development stages, as well as common standards among its members; the objective is to determine the relative valuation of the life cycle from the perspective of family health and nursing intervention in family crisis. Methods : A descriptive study, which demonstrate non-probability sample was 118 families gathering was held at the Gregorio Albarracin district, for such data collection the survey was conducted. Results : The APGAR nomofuncional families is a dysfunctional 57.63% and 38.97% with mild, families are having 48.31% of 3-4 members and 32.20% of 5-6 members. They are in the fifth stage of the life cycle Duvall as 25, 43 and 22% family, 88% is the fourth stage, 22, 70% have an unhealthy sexual behavior and reproductive health and 18.20% in physical activity; Nursing intervention by regulatory crisis has a 33.33% effective tutoring and 27.78% in spiritual support and hope. Conclusions : The families are nuclear, according ecomap have a weak relationship in religion, and a genogram on breaks in relation to the husband, in his self-perception families say they sometimes things become established, the nurse in the search and interact with the individual and family demands intervention in health problems such as crisis regulations that have not taken part in advocacy and prevention in society.


Mission driven organizations have a particular need to put their investment portfolios to work in support of their long term environmental, social, governance goals. Recent contributions to the literature provide new evidence that portfolio's constrained to embrace environmental, sustainability and governance factors (ESG) are able to provide investors with long-term risk-mitigated performance gains. This paper advances the multi-themed system-based modeling efforts of ESG portfolios by explicitly controlling for traded systemic liquidity risk across alternative investment asset classes. Cross industry ESG systemic impacts are estimated by data decomposition and subsequently restated as latent ESG liquidity return factor proxies. Subsequently, for each investment security a neuro-cybernetic production mapping is estimated by training a radial basis function artificial neural network to map the network of log-returns between individual securities and proxy ESG factors. We use the security specific neuro-cybernetic quasielasticity estimates to form an ESG returns-to-scale goal constraint in the multi-objective portfolio optimization faced by a non-profit organization. Over the short-run, simulation results suggests that when compared to an equally weighted portfolio the ESG goal constrained approach produces a lower portfolio VaR with correspondingly lower Sharpe performance metrics. This outcome is observed for both hedged and unhedged portfolios.


In present studies focuses on the characteristics of flow-pressure of piston cylinder barrel and silencing groove chambers near the transition zone of valve plate of a fixed displacement radial piston pump. The designing of silencing groove of valve plate of the pump is carried out with appropriate geometrical configuration, compute the orifice area of piston kidney over the silencing grooves and manifolds, the interaction area make a key role in fluid flow interaction. The pressure and flow of pump is analyzed in consideration the silencing groove as separate control volume from manifold, each silencing groove chamber is connected to the both end of the manifold chamber, the shape of the silencing groove is an asymmetric tetrahedron. The radial piston pump is modelled in simulation with consideration of five pump pistons barrel, analyses the pressures near at transition zone with different bridge angle. The flows interaction of pump piston cylinder barrel with silencing groove chamber and manifold chamber are also carried out. The overall pump volumetric efficiency, flow and pressure fluctuation of radial piston pump are analyzed to optimize the pump.


This paper exploits the efficient computation of reachable sets for monotone systems to formulate model predictive control approaches with guaranteed constraint satisfaction and recursive feasibility in the presence of uncertainty. To include all possible realizations of the uncertainties, the reachable sets are approximated as hyperrectangles in the problem formulation. The presented approach is extended to include recourse, i.e., the knowledge about the presence of further measurement information in the prediction horizon. By dividing the reachable sets, multiple regions are obtained, for which the future inputs can be chosen separately. The applicability of the proposed approaches are shown by the means of a temperature control example.


Roots of plants growing in dry soil often experience large mechanical impedance because the decreased soil water content is associated with increases in soil strength. The combined effect of mechanical impedance and water stress hinders the establishment of seedlings in many soils, but little is known about the interaction between these two stresses. A method has been designed that, for the first time, measured the maximum axial force exerted by a root growing under controlled water stress. Using this technique the axial force exerted by a pea radicle was measured using a shear beam, while the seedling was suspended in an aerated solution of polyethylene glycol 20000 at osmotic potentials between 0 and -0.45 MPa. The maximum growth force was then divided by the cross-sectional area of the root to give the maximum axial growth pressure. The value of maximum axial growth pressure decreased linearly from 0.66 to 0.35 MPa as the osmotic potentials of the solution of PEG decreased from 0 to -0.45 MPa. In dry soil, therefore, the maximum strength of soil that a root can penetrate is decreased because of the decrease in maximum growth pressure. The elongation rates of unimpeded roots were similar whether the roots were subject to either a matric potential in soil or to an osmotic potential in a solution of PEG.


The Palouse Prairie grassland is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States. Like many other grasslands of North America, primary threats to this particular ecosystem include agricultural conversion of land, invasive species, and the loss of biodiversity, all of which are closely tied to an abiotic soil community. I investigated the similarities and differences between native (Bison bison) and introduced (commercial cattle) grazing effects on exotic species prevalence and how this relates to soil nitrogen levels. Three different land types were assessed for this study, at five replicates a land type: bison-grazed land, cattle-grazed land, and ungrazed land. I surveyed forbs and graminoids at each site in addition to taking soil samples. Grazing type was found to have no significant effect on either the amount of total nitrogen present in the soil or on the proportion of introduced to native species present in an area. However, nitrogen content was found to be an important factor in determining exotic species for both bison and cattle-grazed land, with the two land types displaying opposite effects along the same nitrogen gradient: cattle-grazed land increased exotic prevalence with an increasing soil nitrogen gradient, while bison-land decreased exotic prevalence along this same gradient. This study supports the role of the American bison as a keystone herbivore of the Palouse Prairie, and suggests that some sort of competition between native and exotic species is being mediated by herbivory. Further research is needed to dissect this herbivore's key role within this ecosystem and better inform effective land management strategies. Introduction In the past century, the western livestock industry has come into prominence in extensive numbers. Due to the minimal capitalization costs following the Civil War, western ranching turned from a small-scale lifestyle into a large-scale business empire. From 1870 to 1900, the number of beef cattle in the 17 western states skyrocketed 478% to 19.6 million, the number of sheep grew 523% to 25.1 million sheep (U.S. Department of Interior, 2015) and overgrazing became a primary issue for farmers and naturalists alike. Soil erosion emerged as a major problem for the inhabitants of overgrazed areas, causing a profusion of subsequent environmental changes, including but not limited to flooding, drought and the loss of biodiversity (Smith, 1940; Young, 1943). Federal policy, such as the Taylor Grazing Act of 1934 and the Federal Land Policy and Management Act of 1976, have attempted to control the effects of this overgrazing by placing fees on grazing areas and requiring permits for public grazing (U.S., 2015). Though these restrictions did curb the effects of overgrazing noticeably, the topic of grazing in the West remains a hotly contended topic even today (Collins et al., 1998). The native prairie ecosystem is the largest vegetative province of North America, originally comprising 162 million hectares (Samson and Knopf, 1994); however, surveys have suggested that anywhere up to 99.9% of this native prairie has been either lost or drastically altered since European settlement (Risser, 1988). Invasive plant species have collectively been shown to be one of the greatest threats to biodiversity in the West (USDA Forest Service, 2004) and, furthermore, disturbance of an area has been shown to serve as a conduit for invasive species into an otherwise stable environment (Wein et al, 1992). However, studies have shown mixed results as to whether overgrazing serves as such a form of disturbance, providing an easy route for invasive species into the prairies. While some studies have shown commercial overgrazing to result in a loss of biodiversity of the ecosystem (Lin & Tan, 2007), other studies have shown the grazing of American bison (Bison bison)--a keystone herbivore of the plains--to actually increase the stability of biodiversity of an ecosystem (Collins et al., 1998). This poses the question of whether bison grazing differs fundamentally from agricultural cattle grazing in its effects on the environment. As for the mechanisms through which exotic species become invasive in an environment, a study by Bennett et al. (2011) enumerated four potential means through which their study organism—the invasive velvetgrass, Holcus lanatus—might be dominating coastal prairies: through direct competition, indirect competition mediated by mammalian herbivores, interference competition via allelopathy, and/or indirect competition mediated by changes in the soil community. In particular, certain invasive grasses have been shown to alter the nutrient levels of the soils they invade, to make growing conditions more favorable for themselves over their native counterparts (Perkins et al, 2011). This alteration can come in many different forms, from an alteration of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, or other key nutrient levels (Ehrenfeld, 2003) to the actual release of biochemical toxins which can poison the soil, making it impossible for other competing plants to grow in the area (Mangla & Callaway, 2008). However, the potential role of bottoms-up effects--that is, the composition of the soil determining the aboveground community, rather than the reverse--within this community does exist. Therefore, conclusions regarding the top-down mechanisms described above will be evaluated contextually in this study. Nitrogen serves as one of the primary limitations to plant growth in the Palouse Prairies of the West, alongside moisture (Hunt et al., 1988). For this reason, the alteration of this nutrient could have devastating effects on plants which are naturally found in this ecosystem and are adjusted to low levels of nitrogen. Studies have shown the grazing of large herbivores to affect the cycling of nitrogen in an area (Frank and Groffman, 1998), while other studies have shown various invasive species to both increase (Parker and Schimel, 2010) and decrease (Corbin, J. D., & D'Antonio, 2004) nitrogen levels in the soils of areas that they invade. Due to nitrogen's role as a limiting factor in the prairie ecosystem, it serves as a primary target for invasive plants to alter, allowing for their dominance of an invaded area. For this investigation, we analyzed the potential correlation of total soil nitrogen and invasive plants prevalence within the context of grazing. This design allowed us to ultimately assess the potential for top-down effects of herbivory on soil nutrients. Methods Study Area This study was conducted on areas of native Palouse Prairie in Charlo and Ronan, Montana. Palouse Prairie is a grassland ecosystem unique to a small area of the northwest United States, composed primarily of mid-length perennial grasses such as Idaho fescue (Festuca idahoensis) and Bluebunch wheatgrass (Agropyron spicatum) (Stoddard, 1941). Native Palouse Prairie is one of the most endangered ecosystems in the United States (Noss et al., 1995), making it an important geographic area for studying the mechanisms of habitat and biodiversity loss. All five bison-grazed sites for this study were located in commonly grazed areas of Montana's National Bison Range, while ungrazed and cattle-grazed sites were located around the area of the National Bison Range, both on the Ninepipe National Wildlife Refuge and on private lands (Table 1). These sites were selected specifically to ensure minimal variability in altitude, proximity to water, anthropogenic disturbance, and spraying. Data Collection Five Palouse Prairie sites were selected for each of three different "grazing" categories: bison-grazed, cattle-grazed, and ungrazed within the past five years. Surveys and collections at these sites were performed from June 22-July 8, 2016. Four scat surveys, each taken within a circle of 5 meter radius, were performed at each site to characterize the relative degree of grazing present at that site. Three subplots were randomly placed at each sites. Each of the three subplots was 1 meter x 1 meter in size, with a circular subsection of radius 0.2 meter in the top right corner of the plot. The 1 meter x 1 meter area was assessed in its entirety for invasive species of the forb variety, while the 0.2 meter radius section was assessed for graminoid invasive species. All forbs in the 1 meter x 1 meter area and all graminoid species in the 0.2 meter radius plot were collected and identified to species. Each of these identified species was noted as either "native" or "introduced." Additionally, a soil sample was collected from each of the three 1 meter x 1 meter subplots at a site using a 40 cm hand probe soil corer, according to the methodology put forth by Dinkins et al. (2010). The samples for the three subplots were pooled by site, and the composite sample for each land type replicate was frozen and stored in a vacuum-sealed plastic freezer bag. A total of 15 total analyses at five per land type were thus collected, and tested at the University of Montana through the Environmental Biogeochemistry Laboratory (Missoula, MT) for total nitrogen content using the combustion method (Rhee, 2001). Statistical Analysis The R program was used to run statistical analysis for this study (R Core Team, 2016). We used a one-way ANOVA to first compare land type (ungrazed/cattle-grazed/bison-grazed) to the average number of invasive species found in the three subplots on that land. Invasive species were run as an arcsine transformed proportion of the total species present within the plot, in order to standardize plots. A second one-way ANOVA compared land type to the nitrogen content of the composite soil sample for that site. Finally, an ANCOVA was run on soil nitrogen content vs. invasive species prevalence for each land type to determine whether there exists any relationship between these two factors. Results No significant difference was found to exist among the number of invasive species as a proportion of total species found at any


In vitro-matured (IVM) oocytes lack the same developmental competence as oocytes that are matured in vivo (IVV), yet no compelling explanation for this discrepancy has been provided at the molecular level. The aim of this study was to identify molecular alterations between porcine oocytes that are matured in vitro compared to those that are matured in vivo, which may ultimately lead to differences in developmental competence. The transcriptomes of in vivo-matured and in vitro-matured porcine oocytes were analyzed using the Illumina sequencing platform. This analysis identified 493 transcripts that were differentially expressed (FDR-adjusted P<0.05) between the IVV and IVM oocytes. Of these, 460 (93%) were more abundant in the IVM oocytes, whereas 33 (7%) were more abundant in the IVV oocytes. In the second part of this study, quantitative real-time PCR was used to evaluate relative gene expression levels of 70 genes from a variety of functional gene categories in individual IVM and IVV porcine oocytes. Relative transcript abundances for 18 out of the 70 genes tested were found to be differentially expressed between the IVM and IVV oocytes. Of these differentially expressed genes, 14 were higher in the IVM oocytes and only 4 were higher in the IVV oocytes. Based on RNA sequencing and qPCR results, western blot analysis of protein expression levels of the hypoxia-inducible chaperone protein HYOU1 in IVV and IVM porcine oocytes was performed. Relative levels of HYOU1 protein were found


In our time, international events are widely covered around the globe, and most of them are available as news videos from different cultural perspectives. However, searching for another culture's response upon a specific event can be potentially challenging, as there usually exist language boundaries and user-preference disparities between one culture and another. In this report, we aim to capture the cultural difference by detecting the culture-specific tags: given a short video clip about a global event, we aim to retrieve the most relevant textual tags under another culture from the corresponding speech sequence. To achieve this goal, we first extract the visual and multilingual features by state-ofthe-art neural models and then map them onto a joint latent embedding space through canonical correlation analysis (CCA) and its variations. To bridge the gap between different languages, we only extract the text features using native text models trained in that language. As temporal information is critical for video understanding, we propose several possible ways to embed the time stamp into the joint space. We show that for our dataset about 'AlphaGo vs. Human' news event, culture-specific tags can be significantly divergent.


Multimedia annotation is domain specific and is assigned with the help of a domain expert to semantically enrich the data. These annotations are used for not only retrieval tasks but also to answer domain specific complex queries. To accomplish this, we propose to use MPEG-7 to annotate medical images and capture semantic information. In particular, we discuss the MPEG-7 based annotations for images of a human brain. Using MPEG-7, human brain images can be represented in an XML format. This MPEG-7 based XML file can be used to store the semantic medical information along with the low level features of the image. We also present the database design to store and query the patient images for image-guided neurosurgery.


We report a theoretical study of a quantum optical model consisting of an array of strongly nonlinear cavities incoherently pumped by an ensemble of population-inverted two-level atoms. Projective methods are used to eliminate the atomic dynamics and write a generalized master equation for the photonic degrees of freedom only, where the frequency-dependence of gain introduces non-Markovian features. In the simplest single cavity configuration, this pumping scheme allows for the selective generation of Fock states with a well-defined photon number. For many cavities in a weakly non-Markovian limit, the non-equilibrium steady state recovers a Grand-Canonical statistical ensemble at a temperature determined by the effective atomic linewidth. For a two-cavity system in the strongly nonlinear regime, signatures of a Mott state with one photon per cavity are found.


Several studies have shown that grazers play an important role in determining the impacts of nutrient loading on algal biomass (LAMMENS et al. 1990). But in many cases the potenrial of controlling water quality of a eutrophic lake solely with zooplankton grazing is questionable (DEMELO et al. 1992). According to BENNDORF (1995), the maximum efficiency of food web manipulation as a management too! is achieved at an optimum biomass of planktivorous fish. The Kis-Balaton Water Protection System (KBWPS) is a hypertrophic reservoir (area, 18 km; a mean depth, 1.1 m). The separate part o f the reservoir is rhe Cassette (area, 3.5 km ; mean depth, l m) which operates independently of the ourer part of rhe system. In May 1991 and 1992, a mass fishkill occurred in rhe Cassette. During rhese 2 years, approximarely 500 kg/ha fish (rnainly Carassius au re atus gibelio) was removed an d rhe estimated fish biomass was less than 50 kg/ha. At the same time, rhe ou te r part o f the reservoir was no t affected by the fish kili. The estimated fish biomass was more than 150 kg/ha and Carassius aureatus gibelio was the dominanr species. In our study, we tested the effect of fish kili on phytoplankton dynamics in the Cassette, comparing i t to the outer part of the system. The investigations were completed with pond experimenrs from 1993. The ai m o f o ur experiments was to see how the differenr fish stock levels influence the phytoplankton biomass in eutrophic conditions.


Emerging adults are said to be the most active group of smartphone users and were found to have high likelihood to engage in problematic use of smartphones. The present study sought to examine the relationship between self-esteem, extraversion and problematic smartphone use, as well as gender differences in problematic smartphone use among emerging adults in Malaysia. In this study, 343 participants were recruited using non-probability method of convenience sampling through online surveys distributed through various social media platforms. The results revealed that both self-esteem and extraversion significantly predicted problematic smartphone use, with self-esteem negatively predicted problematic smartphone use and extraversion positively predicted problematic smartphone use respectively. However, no significant gender difference was observed in problematic smartphone use among the emerging adults. Theoretically, the present study has contributed its new findings to the existing literature, especially in the Malaysian research context which was regarded as limited. In terms of practical contribution, the findings may be useful for mental health professionals and non-governmental authorities in their formulation of related modules and programmes to assist emerging adults who have problematic issues with smartphones. For future studies, it is recommended that qualitative or mixed methods of research to be conducted to further enhance the accuracy and reliability of the findings.


Looking at the entry or exit of children in a school, any adult who is not familiar with this note immediately that many of the children must carry "too much weight" in the backpack and that "overload" will harm the child's health in the medium and long term. Thermography is an unusual technique used to analyze the gait and carrying school backpacks. It was intended with this work make a contribution to the dissemination of this type of analysis technique. This technique will take a predictable increase in users, not only for gait analysis, but also for the analysis of the various conditions of exercise. This study was conducted with five children, one female and four male aged 6 to 9 years and height between 1.19 and 1.40 meters. They walked in the treadmill for 3 minutes, selfselected speed; the charges were made relative to body weight (0%, 10% and 20%). For speed analyzed the temperature increased with the load.


Nowadays conservative therapy and reperfusion techniques, which include thrombolytic therapy and percutaneous coronary intervention considered as the main strategies for the acute coronary syndrome treatment. Aim. To assess carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity in 6 months and 1 year after myocardial revascularization. Methods and results. 58 patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy and 32 patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention were examined. Glucose level was determined by glucose oxidation method, insulin – by ELISA and lipid profile – according to the standard biochemical methods. It was established that in patients with postinfarction cardiosclerosis, type 2 diabetes and obesity positive effect was defined in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism by reducing of serum glucose level, insulin, total cholesterol, low and very low-density lipoproteins, triglycerides and increasing of high density lipoproteins, cholesterol in 6 months and 1 year after reperfusion therapy. Significant differences in carbohydrate and lipid metabolism in the examined patients, depending on the type of reperfusion therapy, have not been detected in 6 months and 1 year after revascularization. Conclusion. Comparative analysis of different methods of myocardial revascularization did not show any advantages of them.


Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever (CCHF) is a fatal zoonotic viral infection. The agent belongs to the Nairovirus of the Bunyaviridae species. The virus naturally recycles in vector-vertebrate-vector. This study aimed to evaluate cases of tick bites admitted to Infectious Diseases and Emergency Departments in 2008, and to develop management recommendations of such cases. Fifty-seven patients who admitted to a hospital due to tick bites in 2008 were included in the study. A 10-day clinical follow-up was performed to assess for symptoms including fever, fatigue, abdominal pain, headache, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, disseminated somatic pain, and other hemorrhagic signs. During this period, laboratory analyzes, including white blood cells, thrombocytes, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine phosphokinase (CK), and pentylenetetrazol were performed. Personal data of the patients, location of the bite, and the removal of the tick were recorded. Results Of the 57 patients, 37% were from the city, and 63% were from rural areas. The tick was removed by health staff in 25 (44%) of the cases. The bites occurred on body areas including the head/neck, trunk, upper extremities, and lower extremities in 14%, 24%, 27%, and 13% of the cases, respectively. During the follow-up period, none of the patients exhibited any of the signs or symptoms listed above. Laboratory tests did not reveal any abnormalities, except for high levels of CK in 15 patients. Thus, 57 cases did not develop CCHF. Discussion and Conclusion Since 2002, CCHF has caused an increased mortality in Turkey, and has resulted in high anxiety and concern among the Turkish public regarding tick bites. This has resulted in a rise in the number of patients admitting to emergency departments with tick bites. Due to CCHF's incubation period, patients with tick bites should be evaluated for 10 days using a multidisciplinary approach involving both clinical and laboratory evaluations in order to prevent the unnecessary administration of ribavirine.


The purpose of this report is to discuss how a decarbonising the steel, plastic, and paper industries may affect economic growth, wages and employment in the European Union (EU). We approach the issue from two different angles. First, we discuss how a decarbonization of the three industries may affect the rest of the economy. Second, we discuss how a decarbonization of the three industries may affect their future growth potential.We conclude that the macroeconomic effects of a decarbonisation are likely to be relatively small but could under certain conditions still be economically significant. The main factor determining the size of any macroeconomic effect is whether the decarbonization will lead to higher costs of materials elsewhere in the economy. The industries most likely to be affected by higher material costs are the manufacturing, utility and construction industries. How they respond depends on the level of competition and their ability to innovate. Industries that are characterized by a high degree of competition and product innovation are likely to respond by investing in new more efficient production technologies and to develop new products to increase their value added. Sectors where competitive pressures are low and the scope for product innovation limited are most likely to increase prices and reduce their output and employment levels.The steel, plastic and paper industries future growth potential is partially linked to their ability to use modern technologies to increase efficiency and for product innovation. Based on recent data from the European Union we find that investment in new technology such as information and communication technologies have enhanced productivity in these three sectors withouthaving increased their greenhouse gas emissions. Some economic growth of this kind is likely to take place in the future and can be used to help to finance investments in low carbon technologies. It should a policy aim to encourage both decarbonization and modernization at the same time. (Less)


A packet not needs any routing table and route discovery operating cost to send a packet to the destination.The ZigBee tree routing has the primary drawback that a packet follows the tree topology.shortcut tree routing procedure that provides the near best routing path as well as maintains.The shortcut tree routing is to evaluate remaining hops from an chance source to the destination using the hierarchical addressing method in ZigBee.shortcut tree routing is totally circulated and compatible with ZigBee.It only utilizes addressing method and neighbor table with no any changes of the condition.ETR also uses links to other one-hop neighbors,if it is decided that this will lead to a shorter path. It is shown that such a decision can be made with minimum storage and computing cost by utilizing the address structure.


A model-based development approach (MBDA) for Globally-Asynchronous LocallySynchronous (GALS) Distributed Embedded Systems (DESs) is proposed. This approach relies on the GALS-DESs specification through (lowor high-level) Petri net classes, which ensure that the created models are GALS, locally deterministic, distributable, networkindependent, and platform-independent and support their simulation, verification, and implementation (using simulation, model-checking, and code generation tools). The use of networkand platform-independent models enable the use of heterogeneous communication networks to support the distributed components interaction and enable the use of heterogeneous platforms to support the components and the communication nodes implementation. To enable the proposed MBDA, Petri nets are extended with a set of the concepts, most notably time-domains and asynchronous-channels. Algorithms to support the verification of GALS-DES models and their decomposition into implementable sub-models are also proposed. A tool chain framework (IOPT-tools) was extended with this work proposals, supporting their validation and the GALS-DESs development.


A computer based simulator is used to synthesize a quantitative model of the East Mesa hydrothermal system that is consistent with the known geological, geophysical, thermal, petrophysical and hydrological data sets. The model that evolves is not unique but there is sufficient information available that the range of parameters that give an adequate solution is reasonably limited.


Calcium oxide (CaO) nanoparticles have been synthesized by simple solvothermal method using a domestic microwave oven. The reaction of calcium acetate with urea in ethylene glycol and by adding different mole% of manganese acetate as dopant was studied. The structural and optical properties of the proposed nanoparticles were investigated. The structural properties were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis. The average particle size of the obtained cubic CuO nanoparticles was 18.49–24.50 nm. The optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by UV-Visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectral analysis. Keywords: CaO nanoparticles, dopant, structural properties, optical properties, morphology Cite this Article R. Veeralekshmi, N. Saraswathi. Study of Calcium Oxide Nanoparticles Synthesized by Solvothermal Method. Research & Reviews: Journal of Physics. 2019; 8(3): 14–19p.


The definition formats and development methods of simple linetypes, complex linetypes and fill patterns are introduced under the AutoCAD software environment The formats for defining shapes in the specification of complex linetypes,and methods for creating and compiling its source files are described The techniques are used to develop the line shapes and filling patterns in geological layouts and sectional drawings; development modes are created for standard geological line type library and fill pattern library The standardization, specialization and normalization are implemented in geological vector graph processing with computers The function of AutoCAD is enhanced in the field of geological vector graph processing


The comparative study on the biological characters of konjac and multi-leaf konjac was conducted in the study.The results show that there were significant differences in leaf biomass,petiole color,height,petiole length,petiole diameter and number of leaves between multi-leaf konjac and konjac.The second of multi-leaf konjac photosynthetic pigments were significantly higher than konjac;The Corm fresh weight of Multi-leaf konjac increased by 17.8%,and the glucomannan,moisture content had no significant difference between them.This results can provide reference for further study of multi-leaf konjac.


Quemoy and Matsu, resisted a showdown over Berlin, discontinued nuclear testing—and yet each of these required skilled and decisive leadership. And through it all, there were the constant question marks: Was he or Dulles really in charge? Would he or wouldn't he resort to "massive retaliation"? What did he actually mean (or say) at the press conferences? This continuing uncertainty, Divine suggests, always left the president's options open, left the world waiting, left the next decision up to him, left the president in control. This Eisenhower uncertainty remains. He presided over eight years of peace and relative prosperity —no small accomplishment among postwar presidents — but we are still not certain what was planned and what was merely chance and good fortune. Most historians admit that he was a better president than was first thought, but they may never agree on precisely how great he was — or was he? — REV. THOMAS E. BLANTZ, C.S.C.


The achievement of the production and exploitation of fusion energy via magnetic confinement is strongly related to our capacity to predict the evolution of macroscopic plasma profiles on long time scales comparable with the energy confinement time. Integrated modelling represents a very powerful instrument to predict the plasma evolution in tokamak physics. An important example of integrated modelling tool is represented by JINTRAC that, with its different modules such as JETTO, TGLF, EDGE2D and so on, is particular suitable to analyse the physics at the basis of the investigated scenarios including principal instabilities due to ion temperature gradient (ITG), electron temperature gradient (ETG), trapped electron mode (TEM) and zonal flow mixing saturation processable to reproduce the nonlinear spectrum of the multiscale saturated potential.


This paper focuses on supergravity duals of BPS states in = 4 super Yang-Mills. In order to describe these duals, we begin with a sequence of breathing mode reductions of IIB supergravity: first on S3, then S3 × S1, and finally on S3 × S1 × CP1. We then follow with a complete supersymmetry analysis, yielding 1/8, 1/4 and 1/2 BPS configurations, respectively (where in the last step we take the Hopf fibration of S3). The 1/8 BPS geometries, which have an S3 isometry and are time-fibered over a six-dimensional base, are determined by solving a non-linear equation for the Kahler metric on the base. Similarly, the 1/4 BPS configurations have an S3 × S1 isometry and a four-dimensional base, whose Kahler metric obeys another non-linear, Monge-Ampere type equation. Despite the non-linearity of the problem, we develop a universal bubbling AdS description of these geometries by focusing on the boundary conditions which ensure their regularity. In the 1/8 BPS case, we find that the S3 cycle shrinks to zero size on a five-dimensional locus inside the six-dimensional base. Enforcing regularity of the full solution requires that the interior of a smooth, generally disconnected five-dimensional surface be removed from the base. The AdS5 × S5 ground state corresponds to excising the interior of an S5, while the 1/8 BPS excitations correspond to deformations (including topology change) of the S5 and/or the excision of additional droplets from the base. In the case of 1/4 BPS configurations, by enforcing regularity conditions, we identify three-dimensional surfaces inside the four-dimensional base which separate the regions where the S3 shrinks to zero size from those where the S1 shrinks. We discuss a large class of examples to show the emergence of a universal bubbling AdS picture for all 1/2, 1/4 and 1/8 BPS geometries.


While many optimizations can yield substantial performance improvements under the right circumstances, these same optimizations may cause significant performance degradations or cause other problems under the wrong circumstances. The problem of determining which optimizations to apply is generally relegated to the over-burdened compiler user, who must wade through a daunting set of cryptic documentation to find the right set of compiler switches to use to achieve good performance. In this paper, we address the question of whether this process can be automated. To do so, we developed an automatic options recommender called Dr. Options which attempts to recommend the best options to achieve high performance when using Hewlett-Packard's PA-RISC optimizing compilers. We have found that Dr. Options recommendations can be substantially better than those which typical users might come up with on their own. Moreover, Dr. Options has proven itself, at the very least, to be a useful consultant for even our most expert in house performance analysts. In a few cases, Dr. Options even beat the experts!


This paper studies the load frequency control (LFC) problem of the multi-area interconnected power system. A fully distributed adaptive design based LFC scheme is used based on the idea of multi-agent system (MAS). Firstly, a model transformation on the multi-area interconnected power system is proposed so that a new system model with external disturbances is obtained in term of MAS. Then, an adaptive leader-following consensus protocol is used, which do not need any information about communication topology and the upper bound of external disturbances. Finally, the case studies are performed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed schemes.


Primary cutaneous anaplastic large cell lymphoma (PC-ALCL) is a kind of T cell lymphoma that occurs in the skin, which is composed of anaplastic and pleomorphic or immunoblast-like large cells. Most tumor cells (> 75%) express CD30. This paper reviews PC-ALCL in the epidemiology, biological characteristics, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

Key words:
Lymphoma; Skin; Ki-1; Anaplastic large cell lymphoma kinase


The NHS Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP) was established nationally to reduce the number of deaths caused by ruptured AAA. NAAASP invites all men in their 65th year for a simple abdominal ultrasound scan. Across the country uptake to the programme varies greatly. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of deprivation on local screening programme attendance.

 The attendance for patients invited to screening within the Leicester, Leicestershire and Rutland screening NAAASP programme between the years 2016 and 2021 was compared to indices of multiple deprivation (IMD) (derived from their Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) for each patient). Multiple logistic regression was used to determine the most significant component contributing to the IMD score.

 28,730 men in total were invited to attend. Mean IMD for those that attended screening was 15.6 versus 20.6 for non-attenders (P value <0.001). Multiple regression revealed the IMD domains most associated with non-attendance to screening to be; Health Deprivation and Disability domain (P<0.001), Outdoor living environment domain (P<0.001) and Adult skills and English language proficiency domain (P<0.001). Barriers to housing and service domain including 'geographical barriers' which relate to the physical proximity of local services and employment domains did not show any association with attendance.

 In line with the contemporary medical literature, social deprivation affects the uptake of the local National Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Screening Programme (NAAASP). Health deprivation and disability, Outdoor living environment and adult education domains are most contributory to non-attendance.


Sexual behavior is any behavior that is driven by sexual desire, ranging from feelings of interest to behavior of dating, making out and sex. The purpose of this study was to determine The Correlation between the Role of Parents, Peers, Information Media and Adolescent Perceptions Toward Adolescent Sexual Behavior in Junior High School Students in Kubung District, Solok Regency in 2021. The type of this study was descriptive analytic with a cross sectional approach. It was carried out on August 2021. The population was students in the second and the third grade of junior high school in Kubung, Solok Regency. They were 929 people. 90 students had been chosen by proportional stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected by questionnaire and it was analyzed by univariate and bivariate data analysis by using Chi-square test. The results obtained that adolescents whose parental roles were negative about sexual behavior were 52.2%, adolescents who had positive peers were 61.1%, adolescents who were not exposed to information media were 83.3%, adolescents who had positive perceptions about sexual behavior were as many as 51.1%, while sexual behavior balanced between adolescents who behaved sexually risky and not at risk is 50%. Last, it can be concluded that there was a relationship between peers and information media with adolescent sexual behavior Junior High School Students in Kubung District, Solok Regency in 2021. It is hoped that schools can be more optimal in providing guidance and counseling for the prevention of adolescent sexual behavior.


Part 1: Social Work, Social Welfare and the Impact of Neo-liberal Globalisation 1. Social Work in Mexico: Towards a Different Practice 2. Neoliberalism in Argentina, Social Policy, Welfare and the Conditions for the Development of Social Work 3. Social Work and Social Development 4. Changes in Social Policy and the Social Services in Senegal 5. New Arenas for Social Intervention in France: Addressing Integration, Social Control and Racialisation Part 2: Neo-liberal Globalisation and its Impact on Social Workers and Clients 6. Globalisation, Neo-liberal Managerialism and UK Social Work 7. The Neo-liberal Assault: Voices from the Frontline of British State Social Work 8. Through the Eye of a Needle: The Challenge of Getting Justice in Australia if you're Indigenous or Seeking Asylum 9. Compromise, Collaboration and Colllective Resistance: Different Strategies in the Face of the War on Asylum Seekers 10. Educating for Justice: Challenges and Openings in the Context of Globalisation Part 3: Plotting a Way Forward? 11. Americn Exceptionalism and Critical Social Work: A Retrospective and Prospective Analysis 12. Working in a Different Space: Linking Social Work and Social Development 13. Popular Resistance to Global Corporate Rule: The Role of Social Work (With a Little Help from Gramsci and Freire) 14. "Another World is Possible": Social Work and the Struggle for Social Justice


Due to generation increase and load growing in recent years, Taiwan power system has faced with some transient instability problems. To tackle out this challenging task, two advanced techniques, including system integration protection scheme (SIPS) and automatic reclosing of transmission lines, are considered in Taiwan power system recently for transient stability enhancement. In facing three-phase faults, the generator rejection scheme (GRS) in SIPS is recommended for quickly maintaining the power balance. The reliability-based GRS with redundant voting mechanisms is conducted to reduce the risk of inappropriate GRS. Detailed settings of the arming threshold of the GRS are investigated by minimizing the risk contributed by unsuccessful operations and accidental operations. For other temporary nonsevere N-2 contingencies, the multiphase automatic reclosing scheme is considered to restore the system in the timing manner. Impacts of unbalanced fault current with respect to the withstanding capability of the generator are also studied. Simulation studies are conducted to validate the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed solution.


Natural disasters, industrial accidents, terrorist attacks, and pandemics are the major drivers of disaster-related mortality and morbidity that affect the most vulnerable populations, especially children. Disasters keep communities honest by their uncanny ability to immediately define public health and expose the vulnerabilities and limitations faced by the health care system and the community that depends on its protection and essential infrastructure.1 Although communitylevel postdisaster reviews focus on the rapid return to normalcy and opportunities to reduce future vulnerability, the health care system may launch after-action reports and a flurry of postmortem research and publications to determine what went wrong, why the health system was so vulnerable, and what could be done better. I was caught up in that process when asked to address, in a similar editorial, major issues confronting triage management of critical care patients whose professional caretakers were awakened to the responsibilities they faced in managing the deluge of patients during the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 influenza pandemics.2 Aware that hospital-based high-tech critical care settings represented a major limiting factor in most communities for the critically ill and injured during disasters and pandemics, the American College of Chest Physicians published the highly regarded CHEST Critical Care series of guidelines and expert panel reports, which confronted the uncomfortable but real triage management challenges on how to provide the greatest opportunities for survival.3 Openly discussed and debated were the difficult dilemmas facing triage management and training tied to surge capacity and resource allocation, which are admittedly imperfect but a necessary art and science3 based on good clinical judgment or are informed by triage protocols that attempt to direct resources to those most likely to benefit. I suggested in my editorial2 that although the initial debate focused on finding the proper triage protocol for a bioevent crisis, the elusive challenge for hospitals was, and remains today, something more complex: the actual integration of primary triage decisions and management options into the larger community and regional support system, whatever tertiary level algorithms were adopted. Although major progress has been made within clinical specialties or departments, no guarantee exists that progress will translate well into improving overall community preparedness.4 Similarly, in 2009, Kelen and colleagues5 explored a new triage management strategy, that of reverse triage, whereby adult inpatients at low risk for untoward events would be discharged or transferred back to the community, giving inpatients and disaster victims equal consideration for inpatient resources. In this issue of JAMA Pediatrics, Kelen and colleagues6 from the Department of Emergency Medicine at Johns Hopkins School of Medicine readdress the reverse triage concept for a pediatric inpatient population and suggest that although overall advantages are more limited than those shown for adults, such triage management decisions must be considered as a safe means to address the rational allocation of scarce or limited resources during disasters or severe hospital crowding. These topics, all crucial to successful triage management at the integrated community level, need to be operationalized, but success will only be realized when triage management decisions are fully understood, adopted within the larger community, and become essential options in community disaster planning.4 In this editorial, I am again fearful that the message of Kelen et al,6 along with those presented before, may fall on deaf ears and end up as yet another good idea that was never fully implemented. Reverse triage has important possibilities for community prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. One has to comprehend individual department and specialty recommendations as part of the entire health care system sanctioned by an informed and prepared community. Admittedly, many children's hospitals are structurally and functionally different and do not have inpatient facilities for the mentally ill that are described in this study. However, even without that potential large bed surge, pediatric reverse triage as a safe surge capacity tool should be explored in the health care system in every community. Finding those crucial answers on how the hospital might adapt and cope depends on the capacity and capability of those in hospital and department leadership to open a truthful and transparent dialogue with community leaders to ensure that sensible triage management options and why "uncomfortable but real" triage decisions are made during a crisis event are fully understood. No surprises. In addition, these triage management options do not represent altered standards of care, because critical life-saving resources are not reallocated. Although one assumes that those patients transferred back into the community will benefit from a systemwide program to ensure that no care or safety is compromised, multiple checks and balances must be incorporated into the program. Even the slightest perception that these patients might be compromised in any manner will upend the program's future and open it to moral, ethical, and legal review. The real Related article Opinion


Root cause identification is an important task in providing prompt assistance for diagnosis, security monitoring and guidance for specific routine maintenance measures in the field of railway transportation. However, most of the methods addressing rail faults are based on state detection, which involves structured data. Manual cause identification from railway equipment maintenance and management text records is undoubtedly a time-consuming and laborious task. To quickly obtain the root cause text from unstructured data, this paper proposes an approach for root cause factor identification by using a root cause identification-new word sentence (RCI-NWS) keyword extraction method. The experimental results demonstrate that the extraction of railway fault text data can be performed using the keyword extraction method and the highest values are obtained using RCI-NWS.


Using a regular language as a pattern for string matching is nowadays a common -and sometimes unsafe- operation, provided as a built-in feature by most programming languages. A proper constraint solver over string variables should support most of the operations over regular expressions and related constructs. However, state-of-the-art string solvers natively support only the membership relation of a string variable to a regular language. Here we take a step forward by defining a specialised propagator for the match operation, returning the leftmost position where a pattern can match a given string. Empirical evidences show the effectiveness of our approach, implemented within the constraint programming framework, and tested against state-of-the-art string solvers.


In this article, we present newly excavated Eneolithic pottery from the site at Krasnja near Lukovica in central Slovenia. The material was AMS 14 C dated and is contemporaneous with archaeological sites from the Ljubljansko barje region in Slovenia. The vessels were reconstructed and then various types of pots, dishes, cups, and beakers were analysed using petrography and the X-ray diffraction method. Additionally, the clay remains of walls and the floor of an Eneolithic kiln excavated at the site were also analysed. The results show that Eneolithic potters used different fab- rics to make vessels, and mostly one recipe with added calcite. The raw source material probably came from a nearby valley to the south of the site at Krasnja.