Cell competition is a process in multicellular organisms where cells interact with their neighbours to determine a "winner" or "loser" status. The loser cells are eliminated through programmed cell death, leaving only the winner cells to populate the tissue. Cell competition is context-dependent; the same cell type can win or lose depending on the cell type it is competing against. Hence, winner/loser status is an emergent property. A key question in cell competition is: how do cells acquire their winner/loser status? In this paper, we propose a mathematical framework for studying the emergence of winner/loser status based on a set of quantitative criteria that distinguishes competitive from non-competitive outcomes. We apply this framework in a cell-based modelling context, to both highlight the crucial role of active cell death in cell competition and identify the factors that drive cell competition. Highlights Emergent winner/loser status tests for competitive outcomes in cell-based models Differences in biomechanical properties alone are not sufficient for cell competition Winners have both higher tolerance and higher emission of death signals than losers


We describe the development and potential applications of a new stream water quality model that can be operated in either steady or unsteady modes. The model predicts the seepage flow during the time when both the flow in the stream basin and the input waste loads are variable. It is applied to the case of wastewater discharge into the Salt River from the 91st Avenue wastewater treatment plant of Phoenix, Arizona. The model simulates variable flow discharge from the treatment plant and periodic drying of the clogging layer, which influence infiltration rates at the stream banks. The ultimate aim is to couple the flow model with a riparian vegetation model to predict the ecosystem response to unsteady, effluent‐dominated stream dynamics. The model results will also be useful for resource managers to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of effluent‐dominated systems.


Nowadays, the CD (Critical Dimension) control on masks manufacturing plays an important role in photolithography process for 90-nm node technology and below. The process performance of photolithography will degrade severely even when the mask CD error is small. One of the most important process-induced mask CD errors comes from the dry etching process. With the loading effect due to environment pattern variations, isolated and dense patterns have different etching biases. Furthermore, the loading effect can induce an overall CD variation called global loading effect contributed from the pattern density change in large areas and a CD variation on individual monitor pattern called micro-loading effect contributed from various feature dimensions in the near region. The micro-loading effect can also be classified as the "nearest spacing" effect which is dependent upon the space between the nearest neighbor pattern and the monitor pattern, and the "nearest neighbor" effect which is dependent upon the size of the nearest neighbor feature around the monitor pattern. All of these effects enlarge the total range of mask CD linearity and proximity errors. In this paper we report the result of the global loading effect and micro-loading effect by varying pattern densities and feature dimensions nearby. With the design of test pattern, the global loading effect and the micro-loading effect can be separated. The CD variation dominated by the micro-loading effect in the dry etching process is observed. This large etching bias change resulted from the micro-loading effect is consistent with the depletion of radical species in the narrow space during the etching process.


In 1985, Erdős and Nesetřil conjectured that the square of the line graph of a graph $G$, that is $L(G)^2$, can be colored with $\frac{5}{4}\Delta(G)^2$ colors. This conjecture implies the weaker conjecture that the clique number of such a graph, that is $\omega(L(G)^2)$, is at most $\frac{5}{4}\Delta(G)^2$. In 2015, Śleszynska-Nowak proved that $\omega(L(G)^2)\le \frac{3}{2}\Delta(G)^2$. In this paper, we prove that $\omega(L(G)^2)\le \frac{4}{3}\Delta(G)^2$. This theorem follows from our stronger result that $\omega(L(G)^2)\le \frac{\sigma(G)^2}{3}$ where $\sigma(G) := \max_{uv\in E(G)} d(u) + d(v)$, is the Ore-degree of the graph $G$.


-The paper deals with large-scale systems represented as a collection of subsystems which respect a certain order and interconnection relays. Each subsystem is described through a specific model so that the whole system can be view as a multi-model homogenous structure. The management of a system is enough complicated and in order to accomplish it we propose a decentralised decision structure having a well-defined distribution of supervisory functions. For a large scale system two strategies are outlined:; relaxation and partitioning appropriate for the weak coupling systems and decomposition technique suitable for additive separable systems. The work suggests an optimal system's functionality through a partial optimisation of each subsystem's quality criteria. The numerical implementation of associated algorithms was improved through a parallel and hierarchical distributed computation approach. The developed software package (LSOPT) reduces the computation complexity, allowing an equilibrate calculus effort per each subsystem. Although algorithms' design enables an efficient functionality on a parallel unit net, the actual results are obtained applying a sequential procedure in a former phase. The main contribution consists in a distributed computation approach on multi-model representation. Key-Words: large scale systems, optimisation, (non) linear problems, decomposition, relaxation, partitioning CSCC'99 Proceedings:Pages 2431-2435


Nonlinear analysis of PM and AM noise in BJT amplifiers is interesting both for understanding of the field of linear analysis applicability, and for some applications in practice. In this paper an approach to nonlinear amplifier analysis developed previously is applied to calculation of 1/f PM and AM noise in common emitter BJT amplifier with emitter feedback. An influence of input signal level, parameters of unbypassed resistance and bypassed resistance in emitter circuit on 1/f PM and AM noise power spectral densities is investigated for different signal frequencies. Effects of 1/f PM noise compensation in amplifiers with complex feedback, that were previously reported, are considered in nonlinear mode of operation. Based on these results full power spectral densities of PM and AM noises due to both wideband noise sources and 1/f noise sources are calculated for several input signal levels.


The series of dilithium bis(1-azaallyl) compounds [{o-{N(SiMe3)C(R)C(H)}2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] (R = But (1), Ph (3)), [{m-{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] (5), and [{p-{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] (6) have been prepared by addition of the Li−C bond of [{o-/m-/p-(CHSiMe3)2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] to a nitrile RCN (R = But, Ph) followed by a 1,3-shift of the SiMe3 group. Likewise, the addition of [{o-(CHSiMe3)2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] to an isonitrile ButNC followed by 1,2-trimethylsilyl migration yielded [{o-{N(But)C(SiMe3)C(H)}2C6H4}{Li2(TMEDA)2}] (4). The dilithium compounds 1 and 6 can be further transferred to their potassium analogues [{o-{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2-C6H4}{K2(TMEDA)}]n (2) and [{p-{N(SiMe3)C(But)C(H)}2C6H4}{K2(THF)3}]2 (7) by reaction with ButOK. The structures of compounds 2−5 and 7 have been determined by X-ray structural analyses.


Goal-directed and stimulus-driven processes interact during the deployment of attention while driving. Using road elements localization, we investigate the issue of the salience/relevance balance (SRB) in visual search by seeking to understand the influence of age, task demands and scene presentation conditions. Twenty-four older drivers (mean age = 71.3) and 24 younger experimented drivers (mean age = 35.4) were asked to localize as quickly as possible a target on a fixed driving scene (a pedestrian, a vehicle, a traffic light or a road-marking). Pictures of intersections were segmented in 9 sections and showed randomly under three different presentation conditions: original (scenes presented in their original form), partly jumbled (the target appeared in its original position, but the remaining sections were jumbled), or fully jumbled (all locations were jumbled, ensuring that the target was not in its original position). Half of the trials were administered while executing a competing task of semantic judgment (dual task), and the remainder without (single task). Eye movement strategies were analyzed. Two indices, Normalized Scanpath Salience and Normalized Scanpath Relevance were developed to compare data from salience maps and from relevance maps to visual scanning pathways. Results provide evidence for the existence of adjustments of SRB and the need of available attentional resources for such a setting. Furthermore, we show that, despite the greater driving experience of elderly drivers, there is a deleterious effect of the competing cognitive task on the organization of their visual search, which is not compensated by a relevance-oriented adjustment.


Within the medical profession a perception exists of a growing gap between the providers and users of health care and, more generally, between the health professions and society. The commitment to serve society, a key attribute of all professions, has been questioned from within and outside the ranks of medicine, and the medical professions' powers and privileges of self regulation have been challenged.1 2 3 4 5 6 A King's Fund seminar last autumn on the future of the professions brought together a range of perspectives, including views from architecture, nursing, medicine, and politics.

Central to the implicit bargain between the profession and society is the exchange of privileges (self regulation and the control of …


Abstract This review provides a revised and expanded word-formula system of whole-seed primary dormancy classification that integrates the scheme of Nikolaeva with that of Baskin and Baskin. Notable changes include the following. (1) The number of named tiers (layers) in the classification hierarchy is increased from three to seven. (2) Formulae are provided for the known kinds of dormancy. (3) Seven subclasses of class morphological dormancy are designated: 'dust seeds' of mycoheterotrophs, holoparasites and autotrophs; diaspores of palms; and seeds with cryptogeal germination are new to the system. (4) Level non-deep physiological dormancy (PD) has been divided into two sublevels, each containing three types, and Type 6 is new to the system. (5) Subclass epicotyl PD with two levels, each with three types, has been added to class PD. (6) Level deep (regular) PD is divided into two types. (7) The simple and complex levels of class morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) have been expanded to 12 subclasses, 24 levels and 16 types. (8) Level non-deep simple epicotyl MPD with four types is added to the system. (9) Level deep simple regular epicotyl MPD is divided into four types. (10) Level deep simple double MPD is divided into two types. (11) Seeds with a water-impermeable seed coat in which the embryo-haustorium grows after germination (Canna) has been added to the class combinational dormancy. The hierarchical division of primary seed dormancy into many distinct categories highlights its great diversity and complexity at the whole-seed level, which can be expressed most accurately by dormancy formulae.


Abstract : The report is the Unclassified Volume of the Proceedings of the Target Acquisition Symposium which was held at the Naval Training Center, Orlando, Florida on 14, 15, 16 November 1972, sponsored by the Engineering Psychology Programs, Office of Naval Research, Arlington, Virginia and conducted by the Martin Marietta Aerospace, Orlando, Florida. The symposium presented current research in the field of target acquisition and included a panel discussion by pilots illustrating operational problems.


A MAJOR trust in the south of England has enjoyed great success in advertising for nurses on a regional television station. Seven 'return-to-practice' nurses have responded to the advertisement, 'which was shown 14 times. The trust says this response is more cost- effective than recruiting overseas. Will other trusts follow suit? The NHS has certainly invested an enormous amount of time and money sending staff on recruitment drives abroad over the past year in an attempt to attract nurses to the UK.


Helping those who help others appears to be a widespread phenomenon. It is typically framed as indirect reciprocity in which individuals who are seen to help later receive returns from third parties. However, indirect reciprocity only works when individuals condition their help not just on how their recipient has behaved in the past but also on whether their recipient was justified in behaving that way. It also requires sufficient repeated interactions of this type among other individuals for a benefit to be reciprocated. These factors limit the scope of indirect reciprocity to explain cases where people do help those who help others. Here, I propose instead that helping can be explained by the indirect fitness benefits (or 'relatedness') that result from helping other helpers in groups. This means that when individuals help other helpers, they may not make any returns via indirect reciprocity, but rather they may be helping a strategy of helping those who help. In this way, the helping strategy can spread even when helping has no net benefit to the individual helper. This is a form of relatedness in which individuals help their kin that are recognized by their helping behaviour. As such, conditional helping is likely to be found where population structure promotes relatedness through non-random association. The analysis suggests indirect reciprocity may not have played the decisive role in the evolution of human cooperation that is often thought, but paradoxically that the use of image scores deserves renewed attention as a strategy of helping those with the same behaviour.


Objective:To evaluate the metallic stent implantation in treatment of esophageal stricture and complicated fistula due to various causes.Methods:Of 30 cases collected in the study,10 were complicated esophago tracheal fistula and 2 esophago mediastinal fistula,Ni Ti heat memory binary alloy stents and stainless steel self expanding "Z" stents were used in the treatment of esophageal stricture and complicated fistula.All patients were treated by means of peroral intubation of the stent under fluoroscopic guidance.Results:All stents were successfully placed without technical failure.Clinical symptoms of aspiration were relieved in the all cases,resulting in complete closing of the fistula.Food intake ability of all patients was improved.Patients were followed up 1~12 months.Stent slipping was seen in 2 cases,and recurrent stenosis in 1.Conclusions:The results show that stenting is a simple,safe and effective method for the treatment of esophageal strictures and fistulae . [


The precipitation of calcium carbonate in heat exchanger is a serious problem in seawater desalination which results in significant decrease of heat exchange efficiency and tedious cleaning. Decalcification pretreatment by acidic flue gas provides an efficient and economical solution to this problem, but few literature has been reported about the crystallization mechanism of CaCO3, including the supersaturation ratio, the relationship between the supersaturation ratio of the reaction solution and the crystallization growth rate of CaCO3 in the CO2‐CaCl2‐H2O system. In this study, the crystallization of CaCO3 was studied by combing the dynamic method and the static method to ensure the accuracy in measuring the carbonate ion concentration by chemical titration at pH = 8.0 in the CO2‐CaCl2‐H2O system. It was found that there existed an ion competition between HCO3− and CO2 (aq) in the CO2‐CaCl2‐H2O system, which led to fluctuations of CO2 absorption rate. The supersaturation ratio of the reaction solution still increased when the reaction crystallization rate was reduced. The variations of the concentration of HCO3−, CO32− and Ca2+ ions with time were investigated. The growth process of the vaterite was monitored and described on mesoscale.


Static verification of a program source code correctness is an important element of software reliability. Formal verification of software programs involves proving that a program satisfies a formal specification of its behavior. Many languages use both static and dynamic type checking. With such approach, the static type checker verifies everything possible at compile time, and dynamic checks the remaining. The current state of the Jolie programming language includes a dynamic type system. Consequently, it allows avoidable run-time errors. A static type system for the language has been formally defined on paper but lacks an implementation yet. In this paper, we describe a prototype of Jolie Static Type Checker (JSTC), which employs a technique based on a SMT solver. We describe the theory behind and the implementation, and the process of static analysis.


A resource for students and instructors in the study of films and history of films. Regular books and e-books from the Allen Library


Consider a rational projective curve C of degree d over an algebraically closed field k. There are n homogeneous forms g1;:::;g n of degree d in B = kk(x;y) which parameterize C in a birational, base point free, manner. We study the singularities of C by studying a Hilbert-Burch matrix ' for the row vector (g1;:::;g n). In the "General Lemma" we use the generalized row ideals of ' to identify the singular points on C, their multiplicities, the number of branches at each singular point, and the multiplicity of each branch. Let p be a singular point on the parameterized planar curve C which corresponds to a general- ized zero of '. In the "Triple Lemma" we give a matrix ' 0 whose maximal minors parameterize the closure, in P 2 , of the blow-up at p of C in a neighborhood of p. We apply the General Lemma to ' 0 in order to learn about the singularities of C in the first neighborhood of p. If C has even degree d = 2c and the multiplicity of C at p is equal to c, then we apply the Triple Lemma again to learn about the singularities of C in the second neighborhood of p. Consider rational plane curves C of even degree d = 2c. We classify curves according to the configuration of multiplicity c singularities on or infinitely near C. There are 7 possible configurations of such singularities. We classify the Hilbert-Burch matrix which corresponds to each configuration. The study of multiplicity c singularities on, or infinitely near, a fixed rational plane curve C of degree 2c is equivalent to the study of the scheme of generalized zeros of the fixed balanced Hilbert-Burch matrix ' for a parameterization of C. Let


Molecular contamination levels arising from the external induced neutral environment of the Space Station (Phase 1 configuration) were calculated using the MOLFLUX model. Predicted molecular column densities and deposition rates generally meet the Space Station contamination requirements. In the doubtful cases of deposition due to materials outgassing, proper material selection, generally excluding organic products exposed to the external environment, must be considered to meet contamination requirements. It is important that the Space Station configuration, once defined, is not significantly modified to avoid introducing new unacceptable contamination sources.


This paper introduces in details the quality control of material, making and fixing in the improvement projects of Wangjiachang Reservoir's spillway. The improvement projects has passed running test and acceptance and have a good effect.


OBJECTIVE
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) is an autosomal recessive neurodegenerative disease. It is characterized by selective loss of spinal cord motor neurons leading to muscle atrophy and is the result of mutation or deletion of the survival motor neuron (SMN) gene. Currently, there are no effective therapies for this disease. Stem cell therapy is a new prospect for SMA patients. This study aimed to investigate whether mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can be differentiated into neuron-like cells (NLCs) in SMA patients in order to provide a basis for stem cell therapy for SMA.

METHODS
SMA was definitively diagnosed using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymerphhism (PCR-RFLP). Two children without SMN1 gene deletion were used as controls. MSCs were isolated and purified from SMA patients and controls, and induced into NLCs by bFGF and baicalin. The NLCs were identified by immunofluourescence staining with NSE and NF monoclonal antibodies.

RESULTS
SMA patients showed the deletion of SMN1 exon 7. The morphous and proliferative speed of MSCs between SMA patients and controls were similar. After 6-day induction, MSCs of the two groups displayed similar morphology to that of neurons, with long processes forming extensive networks. NSE and NF, the neuronal markers, were detected in the differentiated NLCs of the two groups.

CONCLUSIONS
SMN1 deletion appears not to affect the proliferation and differentiation of MSCs. MSCs of SMA patients can be differentiated into NLCs.


Privacy of personal information is a protected human right both under the international human rights and the Saudi Arabian constitution (Basic Law of Governments) and other statutes and regulations, subject to so exceptions that include protecting public health. The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged and overwhelmed the status quo in every human sphere, including the conventional surveillance of infectious diseases, contact tracing, isolation, reporting and vaccination while simultaneously protecting the privacy of personal data. The pandemic had led national governments, institutions and agencies to adopt mobile applications for collecting, analysing, managing and sharing critical personal data of individuals infected with or exposed to COVID-19. These data may be centralized at a central database, or localized in individuals' phones. While the benefits of sharing private information for achieving public health needs may not be disputed, the risk of breach of personal privacy is, also, enormous. Consequently, it forced the national governments into a dilemma of either succumbing to public health needs, or strictly respecting and protecting the privacy of individuals, or balancing the two conflicting demands. There is a massive body of literature on the security and privacy of such mobile applications, but none has adequately explored and discussed the public interest justifications under the Saudi Arabian laws for the alleged privacy breaches. This paper explored the COVID-19 surveillance mobile app technologies in use in Saudi Arabia for their potential risks of data breaches under the prevailing data protection laws and regulations with a view to understanding if such breaches are obligated, allowed, or justified under the laws. Our findings suggest that any potential risk of a breach to the individuals' privacy of personal information under the law would seem to have been properly balanced against (justified by) the public health needs to protect the society during the COVID-19 pandemic.


Engel curve analyses of six major categories of expenditures are presented. Data for U.S. consumer units are from the 1989 Consumer Expenditure Survey. Six different functional forms for each of the six expenditure categories were compared and the form with the best fit between permanent income, as derived from an instrumental variable approach, and expenditure was selected for each expenditure category. Regressions of each expenditure with permanent income and selected household characteristics are discussed.


ABSTRACT Argon gas is often injected from the bottom of the ladle during steel refining operations. The injected gas interacts with the liquid (metal and slag) bath and enhances the momentum, heat, and mass transfer rate in the melt. However, during these gas–liquid interactions, an opening of the slag layer called slag eye is formed, which exposes the molten metal surface to the atmosphere, which is generally undesirable. In the current work, a transient, three-dimensional mathematical model is used to study the turbulent gas–liquid interactions in single as well as dual bottom blown industrial steelmaking ladles. A Coupled Level Set Volume of Fluid (CLSVOF) model is used for tracking the steel-argon, steel-slag, and argon-slag interfaces, from which the slag-eye area has been predicted. It is found that the inlet gas purging rate, melt height, slag layer thickness, angular and radial positions of the gas inlets affect the slag opening area. Non-dimensional empirical correlations are proposed to predict the slag opening area in both single as well as dual purged ladles, using non-linear regression analysis.


In 2011, the Migration Amendment (Character Test) Act 2011 (Cth) amended section 501 of the Migration Act 1958 (Cth) (Migration Act).


In this article the problems of formation of entrepreneurial mentality in medieval Russian society are studied. The author, having defined the influence of the archaic outlook and Christian outlook on the formation of mental attitudes, focused on the features of attitude of a person of the Russian medieval society to wealth, commercial activities, merchantry.


A series of Zn-modified Silicalite-1 (S-1) zeolites (Znx/S-1) were prepared by the wetness-impregnation method and applied in the catalytic conversion of isobutane. The structure and location of Zn species in Znx/S-1 were investigated using UV-Vis and N2 physical adsorption. The acidity and origin of the acid sites in Znx/S-1 were studied by NH3-temperature programmed desorption and Fourier-transform infrared analysis. The catalytic performance of Znx/S-1 for isobutane conversion was investigated in a fixed-bed microreactor. In the experiments, the acidity of S-1 zeolite was dramatically increased by modification with Zn, with both Lewis and Brønsted sites identified in Znx/S-1. The relationship between Brønsted acid sites and Zn–OH groups on ZnO clusters of Znx/S-1 was also revealed for the first time. Furthermore, Znx/S-1 catalysts exhibited excellent catalytic performances in both isobutane dehydrogenation and butene isomerization reactions. A high selectivity of total butene products ranging from 84.6 to 97.2 was achieved on the catalysts with different Zn loadings. Moreover, the linear correlation between isobutane conversion and the acid amount (determined by NH3-TPD) confirmed that the weak-to-medium acid sites in Znx/S-1 should play a key role in isobutane conversion.


From its inception, the field of Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) has been conceived as an interdisci- plinary science, and with good reason: The phenomena the field aims to understand often arise from interactions among multiple factors, span levels of analysis, and are context depen- dent. In this article, we argue that to reach its potential as an interdisciplinary science—and in order to explain such com- plex phenomena—MBE must be fundamentally organized around meaningful, discipline-spanning questions, and the questions must determine tools and research methods (not the other way around). Using examples from three central questions in MBE—''who,'' ''when,'' and ''how''—we highlight the limits of single disciplines, and the value of a question- driven interdisciplinary approach in MBE, with respect to questions that can be asked, the perspectives that can be considered, and the array of methods, tools, and models that can be made available. We believe that the future is bright for MBE, and that the field has a unique opportunity to provide meaningful answers to some of the most difficult questions in education today. However, realizing this potential depends on, as a first step, allowing the questions themselves to drive the field's work moving forward. Mind, Brain, and Education (MBE) was always intended as a science that transcended the boundaries of disciplines, and with good reason: The phenomena the field aims to understand are often complex; that is, they emerge from interactions among many factors, span multiple levels of analysis and time scales, and are highly sensitive to the local context (Fischer & Bidell, 2006). Explaining such complex phenomena requires an interdisciplinary perspective, something that MBE scholars accept in principle. But principle and practice are not the same. Accepting that questions in MBE are interdisciplinary has consequences for the field: It means attention must be paid


The sound localization ability of female painted reed frogs was studied by phonotactic approaches via a three‐dimensional grid to an elevated loudspeaker (through which male mating calls were broadcast). Females readily resolved the sound source elevation with a mean jump error angle of 37&° (26 trials, 17 females), compared to a mean jump error angle of 19° (33 trials, 13 females) for a more conventional two‐dimensional ground approach. Lateral head scanning, often accompanied by vertical changes in head orientation, frequently preceded successive jumps. The ability of such small frogs to accurately localize a sound source in both the horizontal and vertical plane, given the absence of a pinna or external canal, is remarkable. [This study was supported by the South African Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, and the Animal Research Program, University of the Witwatersrand.]


Abstract : This paper deals with a preliminary evaluation of a mean-squared estimated algorithm for the extraction of a signal that is embedded in superposed stationary noise processes. The motivation for this study is the processing and interpretation of data obtained in recent experiments to measure gradients of magnetic fields induced by internal waves in a shallow ocean. The approach used is simulation of the signal and noise processes through construction of random time series for the signal and interfering noise processes whose spectra can readily be adjusted to study parametrically a wide range of situations. The principal conclusions are: (1) the algorithm, in the form commonly applied to the reconstruction of the output of the main data channel, is valid only if a very special form of linear relationship is assumed between each of the superposed time series in the main channel and the time series in each of the subsidiary channels; an assumption that can lead to grossly erroneous estimates of the signal spectrum and (2) severe cumulative bias errors can be introduced in the reconstructed signal, partial coherences and transfer functions through the algebraic operations necessary in the application of the algorithm. This procedure can lead to large uncertainties in the functional form of the reconstructed signal spectra and, even more important, to false indications of the state of partial coherence.


The temperature dependence of Coulomb blockade peak height correlation is used to investigate how adding electrons to a quantum dot alters or {open_quotes}scrambles{close_quotes} its electronic spectrum. Deviations from finite-temperature random matrix theory with an unchanging spectrum indicate spectral scrambling after a small number of electrons are added. Enhanced peak-to-peak correlations at low temperature are observed. Peak height statistics show similar behavior in several dot configurations despite significant differences in correlations. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society }


The dipeptide alanylproline has been prepared with the proline residue both 13C (15%) and 15N (95%) enriched. 15N NMR spectra of alanylproline reveal signals for both possible conformations—cis and trans—of the dipeptide backbone in solution. Different pK values for both conformers are obtained from the pH dependence of the 15N chemical shifts using a least square programme based on the Henderson–Hasselbach equation. These different values are discussed in terms of interaction between the α-amino group and the carboxylate group and between the carboxylate oxygen and the carbonyl oxygen of the dipeptide via hydrogen bonding. Further evidence for these interactions is obtained from the pH dependence of the ratio of the 15N NMR signal intensities of the two conformers. One, two or three bonded 13C15N coupling constants measured in the 13C NMR high resolution spectra have different values in the cis and trans isomers of alanylproline and thus indicate different geometry in the pyrrolidine ring.


In-depth fundamental information was obtained from a two-inch inner diameter laminar flow reactor referred to as the Drop Tube Furnace System (DTFS). This information consists of the following: (1) pyrolysis kinetic characteristics of four coals of various rank (Texas lignite, Montana subbituminous, Alabama high volatile bituminous, and Pennsylvania anthracite); and (2) combustion kinetic studies of chars produced from the foregoing parent coals. A number of standard ASTM and special in-house bench scale tests were also performed on the coals and chars prepared therefrom to characterize their physicochemical properties. The pilot scale (500,000 Btu/hr) Controlled Mixing History Furnace (CMHF) was used to determine the effect of staged combustion on NO/sub x/ emissions control from an overall combustion performance of the Alabama high volatile bituminous coal. The quantitative fundamental data developed from this study indicate significant differences in coal/char chemical, physical, and reactivity characteristics, which should be useful to those interested in modeling coal combustion and pyrolysis processes. These results underscore the fact that coal selection is one of the keys governing a successful coal conversion/utilization process. The combustion kinetic information obtained on the high volatile bituminous coal has been used in conjunction with combustion engineering's proprietary mathematical models to predict themore » combustion performance of this coal in the Controlled Mixing History Furnace. Comparison of the predicted data with the experimental results shows a virtually one-to-one scale-up from the DTFS to the CMHF. These data should provide vital information to designers in the area of carbon burnout and NO/sub x/ reduction for large scale coal utilization applications. 31 refs., 28 figs., 17 tabs.« less


Considered in this paper are the results of investigations, from three respondents, of microwave nonequilibrium radiation within the 53-78 GHz band. Nonequilibrium radiation is a perspective for diagnostics of a living organism's state.


In the period of 1990~2000, urbanization grew faster in the eastern and southern provinces and rather slower in the western and northern provinces in China according to Census data in 1990 and 2000. Thus the regional disparity of urbanization among provinces has transformed from the former Northern-Southern pattern to the current Eastern-Western. The regional disparities of urbanization in China is comprehensively caused by the different natural and environmental background, population growth, economic development among the provinces and the regional development policies of the central government. Among of those, the regional disparities of economic development and the promotion efficacies to urbanization growth are of critical importance. Further, a factor analysis between the urbanization levels and their 12 selected natural and economic statistical indices is conducted at the provincial level in 1990 and 2000. The results show that, firstly, the urbanization level of a province is positively related with its industrialization level or economic development level and negatively with its population density and per capita agricultural output while the impact of the former factor is more intensive and significant; secondly, with the proceeding of industrialization and economic development, the promotion effect of industrialization on urbanization growth become weaker and that of comprehensive economic development become much stronger.


Excerpt To the editor: We read with interest the report by Pederson and associates (1) on the use of oral activated charcoal in dialysis patients with generalized pruritus. Although they concluded ...


A flue gas treatment system includes a CO2 absorber having an inlet for receiving a SO3 aerosol containing gas in the CO2 absorber. An amine solvent is supplied to the CO2 absorber. The CO2 absorber has a high temperature region and a lower temperature region. The high temperature region is configured to create an amine vapor and the lower temperature region is configured to cause the amine vapor to condense on the SO3 aerosol creating SO3 /amine droplets. A SO3 aerosol removal device is positioned downstream of the CO2 absorber for removing the SO3 /amine droplets from the gas.


In recent years, the popularity of e-commerce has witnessed a significant uptick. Physical apparel stores need to implement measures that focus on the behavioral experience of shopping at physical stores, a trait that e-commerce lacks. The purpose of this paper is to clarify the relationship between customer values and product search behavior and proposed product placement and customer service methods based on their values. We used questionnaire data on the values of customer purchasing to perform factor analysis and cluster analysis. Moreover, we extracted the product search behavior using eyetracking gaze data from an apparel physical store. The results showed that product search behavior differed based on three types: trend cluster, self-esteem cluster, and conservative cluster. Finally, we proposed product placement in a store considering the features of these clusters. Keywords—Consumer values; eye tracking; factor analysis; cluster analysis


illustrate a variety of problems associated with the impact of the crisis (e.g. the importance of public deficits and debts, social security and unemployment insurance coverage, the time needed for labour markets to recover from a crisis, the time needed for wages to get back to pre-crisis levels, the impact of the crisis on rising income inequalities, etc.). It highlights some relevant policy responses, which should help improve understanding of the complex issues at stake and how to address them in differing national and economic contexts. It does however point out that the significant efforts made by governments to rescue the financial sector and restore confidence in financial markets have so far done little to address the key failures of the financial system that provoked the crisis. Moreover, while fiscal and monetary stimulus have revived economies and, to a certain extent, consumer demand, the growing public deficits and debts and the prospect of growing liabilities due to demographic ageing (pensions and health care expenditure) may reduce governments' leeway in continuing their support.


Multistage effects in turbomachines can lead to multiresonance phenomena where multiple eigenfrequencies are excited at the same time. In turn, these multiresonance phenomena can result in high amplitude blade vibrations and other as yet uninvestigated phenomena. This results in a shorter fatigue life, and therefore their investigation is of great importance in the prevention of structural failure. Multistage effects result from the reciprocal influence of multiple stages on each other. Multiresonance, a simultaneous excitation of at least two modes, can arise due to different blade numbers in the stages which then lead to an excitation of multiple modes through different engine orders, resulting from the interaction of the number of blades and vanes, simultaneously. To study multistage effects on the vibrational behavior of compressor blisks, a simplified setup is chosen where a single stage blisk is excited by adjustable inlet guide vanes. The multiple stages are represented by changing the angle of attack of each individual vane. This allows the multistage effect to be imitated using adjustable inlet guide vanes. The effect on the blade vibration is measured with a tip timing system. Two major objectives are pursued: firstly, the excitation of two different engine orders, ideally simultaneously, and secondly, the investigation of multistage effects which lead to multiresonance.


Abstract Habitat selection by resident houbara bustards introduced outside the species' 'normal' breeding range in central Saudi Arabia was studied during the summer 1994. Relatively well-vegetated terrain with a low density of tall (>1 m) shrubs was the preferred daytime habitat. At night houbara roosted in relatively bare sites or, on moonlit nights, foraged in habitats with relatively low vegetative density. Plant species richness was similar at sites intensively utilized by houbara and at randomly selected sites. However, vegetative density was greater at utilized sites than at random sites. Phenological diversity, specifically the availability of plants with green shoots and flowers, appeared to be the primary factor motivating houbara choice and was directly related to the distribution of rainfall. Densities of tenebrionids and spiders were higher in utilized than in random habitats, but the overall number of species and abundance of surface-active arthropods was similar. Sampling technique limited interpretation of the importance of arthropods in habitat selection, however.


OBJECTIVES
We evaluated Beyond the Bridge, a novel mental health program in the New York City jail system designed to provide residentially based cognitive behavioral therapy in jail mental observation units.

METHODS
We used propensity score matching and a dose-response analysis. Outcome measures included reduction in violent incidents and fights, reduction in uses of force by corrections officers, reduction in time spent on suicide watch and incidents of self-injurious behavior, and increased length of community survival.

RESULTS
There were significant reductions in all outcomes when we compared program participants (n = 218) with an earlier cohort of patients residing on the mental observation unit before programming began (n = 413). However, when we compared program participants with a cohort of other patients residing on the units at the same time but who chose not to participate (n = 267), only time spent on suicide watch unit (rate ratio [RR] = 0.72; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.59, 0.89) and recidivism (RR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.59,0.83) were significantly reduced.

CONCLUSIONS
This evaluation and the model we piloted may provide useful information for other settings contemplating similar interventions.


This article develop a review of the current advances in Colombia related to the acquisition, storage, analysis, management and distribution of geographical information, as well as coordination strategies between National Government Entities and private companies to implement geographic knowledge applied to Oil spill response plans among the government and private companies.


Three-dimensional finite element analysis has been carried out to evaluate the response of a sin- gle batter pile when subjected to lateral soil movements.Sensitivity studies are also presented through varying soil and pile parameters.The results show that the behavior of the batter pile was significantly in- fluenced by the pile flexibility,the magnitude of soil movement,the boundary conditions of pile head,the profile of the soil movement and the thickness of the moving soil mass.The deflections of the rigid batter pile are less than those of the flexible one,while the bending moment and shear forces of the rigid batter pile are more than the flexible one.The resistance-displacement relationships(p-y curves)of soil for non- linear springs of the batter pile look like the hyperbolic shapes,so the Winkler's method for subgrade can be used to simplify the analysis of the batter pile through modifying the ultimate soil pressures of the verti- cal one to reflect better the behavior of the batter pile.


Previous Workers ........................... 11 Lithologies . 21 Lithologic Units ........................... 24 Fauna.......... ^ ............................ 31 Age of the San Jose Formation................ 35 4. PRESENT STUDY 38 The San Jose Composite S e c t i o n .............. 38 Stratigraphic Correlation of Sections . . . 40 Fossil Localities ........................ 44 Magnetic-polarity Stratigraphy .............. 48 Preparation and Measurement .............. 49 Magnetic Properties and Polarity Determinations .......................... 50 Results................................... 54 Correlation of the San Jose Section to the Magnetic-polarity Time Scale ............. 57 5. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION......................... 63 REFERENCES CITED ................................. 68


Late middle age is one of the most interesting periods of the rich art-heritage of Cyprus. Time and again, under various historic circumstances, different trends in art met and interwined on this island. Ever since the Latins arrived (1191) the art of Cyprus, previously purely byzantine, developed in an unusual and specific way. When speaking about the wallpainting of Cyprus, the meeting of East and West resulted in a certain number of specific versions. The style of this painting was affected by foreign influences, sometimes very strongly, while its themes also contained such solutions which differ from the usual byzantine iconography. However, on the whole this painting has, except in a small number of cases, completely remained within the limits of Byzantine art language, even when ordered by the Westerners or made by the hand of western artists. Peculiarities in relation to more widely applied byzantine practice — often, at first glance, exceptional and certainly unusual and interesting — mostly are, in fact, old byzantine iconographical formulas which had in a certain period and under changed circumstances put on a new vesture. By updating and reshaping in accordance with the taste of the epoch and local tradition new details were being added (such as more modern clothes on figures or landscapes in the backgrounds of scenes, for example) or old motives were applied in a new manner (characteristic detail is painting of the crescent and cross as the heraldic emblem on the uniform of St. George, thus presented as a 'Byzantine Crusader' ); for the same reason, the whole presentation could have taken a non-byzantine appearance although the roots of its iconography are positively byzantine — this, for example, happened with some of the presentations of St. Mamas on the lion. 4 By iconographic research it can often be ascertained that the origin of thematic detailes and literal sources of such presentations are in their essence byzantine. Therefore the union of East and West in painting of Cypurs is to be regarded as the regional expression of Byzantine art which has certain specific iconographic conceptions. It seems that one of those is the presentation of saint martyr Kyriaki . In Cyprus she has been painted in the way which was perhaps even unknown and certainly not widely spread in other areas of Byzantine world.


The carrier profile for MBE grown In0.35Ga0.65As/GaAs multiquantum well laser structures with nominally undoped and beryllium‐doped active regions was determined by using the capacitance–voltage (C–V) technique at room temperature. A simple theoretical model was used to extract the impurity concentration and the quantum‐well carrier density from the experimental profiles. We obtained a high carrier concentration in nominally undoped devices caused by a strong growth temperature dependent Be diffusion from the p‐cladding layer, and no difference between doped samples with different nominal dopant location.


phylaxis of endemic goiter in Switzerland. Transactions of the Third International Goiter Conference 1983;64. 6 Costa A, Cottino F, Mortara M, Vogliazzo G. Endemic cretinism in Piedmont. Panminerva Med 1964;6:250. 7 Connolly KJ, Pharoah POD, Hetzel BS. Fetal iodine deficiency and motor performance during childhood. Lancet 1979;314:1149–51. 8 Pharoah POD, Connolly KJ. A controlled trial of iodinated oil for the prevention of endemic cretinism: a long-term follow-up. Int J Epidemiol 1987;16:68–73. 9 Pharoah POD, Connolly KJ, Ekins RP, Harding AG. Maternal thyroid hormone levels in pregnancy and the subsequent cognitive and motor performance of the children. Clin Endocrinol 1984;21:265–70. 10 Pharoah P, Connolly K, Hetzel B, Ekins R. Maternal thyroid function and motor competence in the child. Dev Med Child Neurol 1981;23:76–82. 11 Pharoah POD, Hornabrook RW. Endemic cretinism of recent onset in New Guinea. Lancet 1974;304:1038–41. 12 Nelson KB, Ellenbergh JH. Antecedents of cerebral palsy. Multivariate analysis of risk. N Engl J Med 1986; 315:81–86. 13 Nelson KB. What proportion of cerebral palsy is related to birth asphyxia. J Pediatr 1988;12:572–74. 14 Pharoah POD, Adi Y. Consequences of in-utero death in a twin pregnancy. Lancet 2000;355:1597–602. 15 Pharoah POD, Cooke RWI. A hypothesis for the aetiology of spastic cerebral palsy—the vanishing twin. Dev Med Child Neurol 1997;39:292–96. 16 Pharoah POD. Fetal death registration in multiple births: anomalies and clinical significance. Twin Res Hum Genet 2006;9:587–90. 17 Croen LA, Grether JK, Curry CJ et al. Congenital abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy. More evidence for prenatal antecedents. J Pediatr 2001;138: 804–12. 18 Pharoah POD. Prevalence and pathogenesis of congenital anomalies in cerebral palsy. Arch Dis Child Fetal Neonatal Ed 2007;92:F489–93. 19 Pharoah POD, Dundar Y. Monozygotic twinning, cerebral palsy and congenital anomalies. Hum Reprod Update 2009; 15:639–48.


At the conclusion of flooding in an oil- or gas-bearing carbonate reservoir, a significant fraction of the original hydrocarbon in-place remains in the swept region as trapped residual phase. In addition to the amount of trapped phase, its microscopic distribution within the pore space of a reservoir rock is important to gain a better understanding of recovery mechanisms and for the design and implementation of improved or enhanced recovery processes. Despite the importance of the pore scale structure and distribution of residual oil, little quantitative information is currently available. This study presents a robust method to obtain this critical information. Residual saturation visualization is undertaken in core material at the pore scale via microtomographic imaging. We utilize a new technique for imaging the pore-scale distribution of fluids in reservoir cores in three dimensions. The method allows reservoir core material to be imaged after different stages of flooding; for example after secondary and tertiary floods. Core flooding can also be performed under different wettability conditions, saturation states and flooding rates.

Although considerable attention has been paid to the subject of residual oil structure, the amount of quantitative experimental information on the structure of the residual oil phase in reservoir core material is limited. The detailed structure of the residual trapped phase is described. This information is correlated to pore structural information from the 3-D image data (pore geometry, connectivity), mineralogy and rock type. These results provide an important platform for the testing and calibration of pore scale modelling efforts for multiphase flow. This detailed pore scale information of the residual oil saturation is crucial to the design and implementation of improved recovery processes and can be related to conditions required for mobilization of residual oil. Oil recovery mechanisms are directly tested and the differences in the habitat of the residual fluids under different conditions are directly quantified.


The linear theory predicts that certain anisotropic velocity distributions will produce unstable extraordinary waves. The development of these unstable waves in the nonlinear regime is investigated and their final amplitudes are estimated. The analysis is restricted to infinite homogeneous plasmas where the background distribution and the wave energy density may be considered as slowly varying functions of time. A set of nonlinear integro‐differential equations, which describe the evolution of the system, are derived and discussed. For the physically interesting case where the wave frequency is much less than the cyclotron frequency, the basic behavior of the system and the characteristics of the equilibrium solutions may be estimated without computing the transient behavior of the system. For this case, it is shown that the main diffusion of the background distribution occurs along the v = const lines, in which v is the magnitude of the velocity. Since these lines are also constant energy lines, very lit...


workshop on global warming and carbon A sequestration offered recently by the Beahrs Environmental Leadership Program in Berkeley could fundamentally change the way Charles Yamoah of Ghana approaches the problem of soil degradation in Africa. "Organic carbon is more productive than fertilizer alone," says Yamoah, most recently a soil scientist with the International Fertilizer Development Center. "Those are the techniques we need to use in Africa to keep the land productive." Based at UC Berkeley's Center for Sustainable Resource Development in the College of Natural Resources, the Beahrs program was founded in 2000 with seed money from Carolyn and Richard Beahrs, UC Berkeley alumni now based in New York City. "They were interested in putting science to work in solving global environmental problems and promoting interdisciplinary approaches and leadership," says Robin Marsh, co-director of the program with David Zilberman, UC Berkeley agricultural economist. The heart of the program is a 3-week intensive summer certificate course in sustainable environmental management, which seeks to provide highlevel training for mid-career academics and environmental professionals from around the world; facilitate cross-learning among global peers; and offer opportunities for UC faculty to learn from the "onthe-ground" experiences of participants. About 75 people completed the course in 2001 and 2002. The majority of course participants develop a "leadership change contract," which outlines how they will implement the new ideas they have acquired. Furthermore, a new small grants initiative, funded by the Goldman Fund and Packard Foundation, will provide $5,000 to $10,000 grants to assist participants with implementing their plans together with UC Berkeley collaborators. For example, Yamoah and Oscar Arruda d'Alva, executive director of the Instituto Sertao in Brazil, began discussions this hummer about joining forces to develop community-based programs for combating desertification. "The program has taken me out of my reality and enabled me to make contact with other people working on environmental issues," Arruda says. Likewise, participants from Kenya and Uganda teamed up with a fellow program alumnus from Finland to form a nonprofit The Beahrs Environmental Leadership Program brings environmental professionals from around the world to UC Berkeley for a 3-week summer course. Participants are encouraged to form ongoing, collaborative working relationships with each other and UC faculty.


THE INVENTION CONCERNS A DISPLAY DEVICE FOR FIRING TYPE STEERING HEAD HIGH. THE DEVICE CONTAINS A COMBINATEUR9 FOR REFLECT THE LIGHT FROM A SURFACE AFFICHAGE3 TOWARDS AN OBSERVER TO SUBMIT AN IMAGE OF sUPERIMPOSED DISPLAY VISION THROUGH COMBINER. THE FIRST, SECOND AND THIRD FILM OPTICAL REFLECTING GRANTED 13C, 15C, 17C, ARE IN CONNECTION ANGLE AS EACH OTHER OVER AND OVER THE SURFACE LIGHT DISPLAY THAT ISSUED BY THE LATTER IN A NARROW FREQUENCY BAND REACHED THE OBSERVER AFTER BEING rEFLECTED BY SUCCESSIVE MOVIE FIRST TRANSMITTED THROUGH THE FILM SECOND, THIRD rEFLECTED BY THE MOVIE, rEFLECTED BY THE SECOND FILM AND TRANSMITTED THROUGH THIRD MOVIE. APPLICATION TO COLLIMATORS STEERING HEAD HIGH AIRCRAFT.


Introduction: Motor development is associated with many physical, emotional and cognitive factors of children and virtual environments, such as active video games, maybe an innovative and motivating alternative. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a five-day of table tennis training in virtual environment on the performance of serve of in real space. Material and Method: Two groups (experimental and control) with children aged 9.32±0.6 years old participated in the study. The experimental group practiced the serve of table tennis in the active videogame daily for five days. After the intervention, all volunteers underwent a test in the traditional table and, and were verified the amount of hits each child. Results: no significant differences (p>0.05) in the amount of hits between the groups were found, as well as a low magnitude of the effect of the difference. Conclusions: The results suggest that short-term training of table tennis in active videogame does not seem to improve performance in the serve of children.


One of the most important problems for governments is how to allocate budgets for public infrastructure projects. This question becomes especially important during periods of financial difficulties. The budget allocation model of public infrastructure projects proposed in this paper integrates 3 submodels: the fuzzy multi-criteria grade classification model; the fuzzy multi-criteria project ranking model; and the budget allocation model. This integrated model promises to allocate simultaneously the budget of public infrastructure projects and decide the construction budget for each unit. This budget allocation mode allows for ready reactions to changes of budget policies. It moreover, factors for discretionary budgets given to senior managers. Via this model, managers can significant ly improve management efficiency and take corresponding personal responsibility.


Wet oxidation of phenol aqueous solutions was carried out in a ®xed bed reactor operating in trickle  ̄ow regime. Mild conditions of temperature (1408C) and oxygen partial pressure (1±9 bar) were used. Three active carbons and one commercially available supported copper catalyst were tested as catalytic material. Previous studies demonstrated that active carbon gives higher phenol conversion than conventional oxidation catalysts, although signi®cant loss of active carbon due to combustion was also found. In the present study, the combustion of the active carbon during the process is highly reduced by lowering the oxygen partial pressure from 9 to 2 bar, maintaining an acceptable phenol conversion. The comparison of the performance of three different active carbons shows that their physical and chemical characteristics largely in ̄uence on the phenol conversion achieved. # 1999 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.


ALEXANDER, EDWARD. Matthew Arnold and John Stuart Mill. New York: Columbia University Press, 1965. Pp. xi + 313. $6.50. ALIGHIERI, DANTE. Dante's Hell Translated into English Verse. Translated by ALDO MAUGERI. Messina: Editrice "La Sicilia," 1965. Pp. 208. L. 2.500 (paper). BARTHOLOMEW, BARBARA. Fortuna and Natura: A Reading of Three Chaucer Narratives. ("Studies in English Literature," Vol. XVI.) The Hague: Mouton & Co., 1966. Pp. 112. BRADBROOK, FRANK W. Jane Austen and Her Predecessors. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966. Pp. viii+ 178. $5.95. CARGO, ROBERT T. A Concordance to Baudelaire's "Les Fleurs du Mal." Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1965. Pp. xxiii+417. $8.50. CUNNINGHAM, GILBERT F. The Divine Comedy in English. A Critical Bibliography: 1782-1900. New York: Barnes & Noble, 1965. Pp. xi+ 206. $6.75. DUNDES, ALAN (ed.). The Study of Folklore. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965. Pp. xi+481. FERGUSON, ARTHUR B. The Articulate Citizen and the English Renaissance. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1965. Pp. xviii+ 429. $10.00. GOLDSMITH, OLIVER. Collected Works. Edited by ARTHUR FRIEDMAN. 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966. $53.80. HONIG, EDWIN. Dark Conceit: The Making of Allegory. New York: Oxford University Press, 1966. Pp. xii+ 210. $1.65 (paper). JOHNSON, CAROL. Reason's Double Agents. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1966. Pp. 135. $4.75. KOLJEVId, SVETOZAR (trans.). Yugoslav Short Stories. London: Oxford University Press, 1966. Pp. xix + 380. $3.00. KORG, JACOB. The Force of Few Words: An Introduction to Poetry. New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1966. Pp. xxiv+424. $3.25 (paper). LINN, JOHN GAYWOOD. The Theater in the Fiction of Marcel Proust. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1966. Pp. 274. $6.00. MACK, MAYNARD. King Lear in Our Time. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1965. Pp. viii + 126. $3.75. PORTE, JOEL. Emerson and Thoreau: Transcendentalists in Conflict. Middletown, Conn.: Wesleyan University Press, 1966. Pp. xi+ 226. $7.00. RUSSELL-GEBBETT, PAUL (ed.). Mediaeval Catalan Linguistic Texts. Oxford: Dolphin Book Co., 1965. Pp. 312. 50s. The Spectator. Edited, with an Introduction and notes by DONALD F. BOND. 5 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965. Gns. 21. SPROCKEL, C. TheLanguage ofthe Parker Chronicle. Vol. I, Phonology and Accidence. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1965. Pp. xxviii+ 274. Gld. 28. STONE, EDWARD. Voices of Despair. Four Motifs in American Literature. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1966. Pp. ix + 240. $5.00. TILLOTSON, GEOFFREY and KATHLEEN. MidVictorian Studies. London: Athlone Press, 1965. Pp. xi + 335. 50s. TOURNEUR, CYRIL. The Revenger's Tragedy. Edited by R. A. FOAKES. ("The Revels Plays.") Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1966. Pp. lxix + 146. $4.00. VICKERY, JOHN B. (ed.). Myth and Literature. Contemporary Theory and Practice. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1966. Pp. xii + 391. $7.95. WEISS, AURELIU. Le Monde thdatral de Michel de Ghelderode. Paris: Librairie 73, 1966. Pp. 106. New Fr. 6 (paper).


Contents: Introduction: collaborative practices, multi-version texts, and the difficulty of thinking translation Res difficilis Unthinkable practices Unthinkable texts Translation as discredited text-model in early modern fiction Epilogue: imagining translation in early modern Europe Bibliography Index.


Objective To study the clinical comparison of meniscus injury diagnosis between Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI) and arthroscopy.Methods There are 94 patients have been treated in our hospital under MRI and arthroscopic examination and treatment.Among the 94 patients,there are 104 damaged meniscuses.They are retrospectively reviewed in the clinical diagnosis by MRI and arthroscopic,and to compare meniscus injury diagnosis of sensitivity,specificity and accuracy.Results The sensitivity,accuracy,specificity of meniscal injury diagnosis of MRI is 90.24%,94.2%,89.09%.Conclusion MRI can be accurate in the clinical diagnosis of meniscus injury,and it has an important significance in clinical treatment.


Shand looks ahead to what is needed to develop a strong system of music education in
Canada in the future. She begins by pointing to the lack of funded research into music
education, and the small number of music education graduate programs in Canadian
universities. In the face of budget cuts, music educators need to speak together and with credibility. Leading research in the field, and clear accreditation and cooperation with other fields will help build that credibility. Higher standards of instruction will also result from strengthening university offerings in music education. Shand then addresses weaknesses in school system music programs, which currently focus resources on urban centres, yet do so with a diffuse and uncertain mandate. Stronger representation of music
educators at the administrative levels of government could help bring resources and
better curriculum planning into play. In developing curriculum, better use needs to be
made of foreign approaches, and at the same time there should be more use of Canadian
composed and folk music – helping to forge national identity. Shand encourages the CBC
to step forward and become a leader in its educational and serious music programming.
Finally, Shand calls for greater cooperation amongst struggling voluntary associations for
music educators, and for greater federal funding for those organizations and the work that they do.


Managing employer social insurance compliance is a particularly difficult governance challenge in emerging economies that have weak regulatory regimes. Utilizing qualitative evidence from eight case studies conducted in Shanghai, the People's Republic of China, this article details how employers respond to attempts by the State to manage social insurance behaviour. Five concerns arose from employers' perceptions and responses to the established policies and regulatory structures: construction of an effective policy, level playing field, cost control, firm reputation, and recruitment and retention. Further, the findings indicate that there are three enterprise features that could affect compliance behaviour: risk factors, skill composition of the workforce, and form of ownership. It was anticipated that firm size may affect compliance behaviour, but no clear pattern emerged.


Plant-animal interaction is an important biotic interaction of evolutionary significance in the tropics. Although we have a rich biodiversity, our knowledge of the natural history of species and their biotic interaction is poor. In this study, we highlight the insect community that interacts with an important medicinal herb, Senna tora in Kerala. We have studied the herbivorous insects of the plant and their parasitoids. Thirty four species of insects are identified as major herbivores of S. tora . The parasitoid community recorded comprises of 19 species. The caterpillar of Eurema hecabe was the most dominant herbivore of S. tora and it completes its entire life cycle on the plant. The results of the study indicate that S. tora is a potential plant to be used in habitat management for conservation biological control.


Moodle Course Creator Certificate is the official Moodle Certificate provided exclusively from Moodle Partners. Human Resource Development New Zealand Moodle Partner is the Certification Central Administration. This Certification is running since 2006. It started as Moodle Teacher Certificate and renamed to Course Creator's when Moodle development forced it. While Moodle is growing and becomes more and more complex the need for organized trainings and a reliable and effective certification scheme becomes imperative.

In this paper we will present the history of MCCC and its evolvement during the years.


We deal with the problem of frequency assignment in mobile and general radio networks, where the signal interferences are modeled using an interference graph G. Our approach uses graph theoretic and optimization techniques. We rst study on-line algorithms for frequency assignment in mobile networks. We prove that the greedy algorithm is-competitive, where is the maximum degree of G. We next employ the \classify and randomly select" paradigm to give a 5-competitive randomized algorithm for the case of planar interference graphs. We also show how the problem of on-line frequency assignment in mobile networks with multiple available frequency channels reduces to the problem of on-line frequency assignment in mobile networks with a single channel. We continue to study radio coloring and radio labeling as combinatorial models for frequency assignment in general radio networks. In both problems, the objective is to minimize the maximum frequency channel used, while the transmittersbeing adjacentin the interferencegraph must be assignedchannels that diier by at least two from each other. In radio coloring, diierent channels must be assigned to transmitters that are at distance two in the interference graph. Additionally, in radio labeling, all the transmitters must be assigned distinct frequency channels. Radio labelling is shown to be equivalent to a generalization of Hamiltonian path, and both problems remain NP-complete, even if they restricted to graphs of diameter two. We nally present algorithms and lower bounds for two on-line variations of radio labeling.


1. Pharmacology can be defined very narrowly (e.g. as solely a laboratory based specialty) or more broadly to include issues surrounding rational drug use in the community.


Bertrand Patenaude's article, "Peasants into Russians: The Utopian Essence of War Communism," in the October 1995 issue of The Russian Review, is an excellent contribution to the debate about the usefulness of the concept of "War Communism."' It is based on a wide range of material that future scholars will have to incorporate into their accounts of the Civil War period. Just as important, Patenaude conducts the debate in a civilized, scholarly manner that focuses exclusively on the difficult issues of interpretation confronting us. I am genuinely complimented to be chosen as Patenaude's chief polemical target. Before turning to our differences, I would like to stress our agreement on some important issues. Patenaude notes that by 1920 it was generally realized that a true state grain monopoly-itself only a presocialist measure-was unrealizable in the near future (p. 559); he also brings out the important point that neither in 1920 nor at any earlier time did the Bolsheviks think in terms of coercive collectivization (p. 565). Patenaude likes to portray himself as a defender of orthodoxy, but I think he will find many of the orthodox surprised and even resistant to these facts. But there is a fundamental difference between us in our characterization of the overall outlook of the party elite in 1920. Patenaude claims there was a consensus "from Larin to Lenin" (a nice phrase) that communism was on the immediate agenda in 1920: the party had already "won the class struggle and had brought the countryside into the socialist framework" (p. 567). If I understand him correctly, he also thinks that by late 1920 the Bolshevik leaders had convinced themselves that the peasants did not mind handing over grain without compensation and that therefore there was no particular need ever to provide exchange items, even after the revival of industry. I believe, on the contrary, that in 1920 there was (1) a general feeling that the most overwhelming problem facing the regime and the country was the razrukha, the terrible economic breakdown; (2) a general feeling that the razrukha and the Civil War had not accelerated socialist construction but rather had forced many unpleasant compromises on the party; and (3) a general feeling that socialism and communism were a long way off. Patenaude's main showpiece is N. Osinskii's Pravda articles from September 1920; for those interested in a more representative sample of the party outlook during the same month, I suggest looking at the debate at the Ninth Party Conference about the so-called "nizy versus verkhi" conflict.2 Rather than make any further claims, I


Helly's well known theorem on convex sets states that if F is a family of closed bounded convex sets in w-dimensional space such that every w + 1 members of F have a point in common, then there exists a point which belongs to all members of F. The interest of this theorem lies in the role played by the dimensionality of the containing space. If we are given that every k members of F have a point in common, where k<n+l, the conclusion is false. In this paper we shall show that significant conclusions can still be drawn in this case. Consider the case where the sets lie in the plane and every two have a point in common. If we project the members of F on a line L, we obtain a family of convex subsets of L to which the hypotheses of Helly's theorem apply. I t is an immediate consequence that in any direction there exists a line which intersects all members of F. Much less obvious is the statement that through every point there passes a line which intersects all members of F. This is the type of result which will be proved in §4 below. Instead of parallel projection, we shall project the members of F centrally on a circle (or a sphere, when the dimension of the containing space is greater than two). Then we shall apply, instead of Helly's theorem, a theorem proved below concerning "convex" sets (in the sense described in §1) lying on a circle (or sphere). Such sets (in a more restricted sense) were considered in a paper by C. V. Robinson [2]. In that paper the author was interested in conditions on a family of "strictly convex" sets in order that they all have a point in common. Our interest however is in proving a theorem for an arbitrary family of "convex" subsets of a sphere with the only restriction being that every k members of the family have a point in common. This is carried out in §3. I wish to express my thanks to my colleague F. A. Valentine, with whom I had helpful discussions. A special case of Theorem 3 was proved in our joint paper [ l ] .


PACS 11.25. -w; 03.65.Ud; 11.90.+t; 12.90.+b String theorists delete forcibly any mention of tachyons from the equations of string theory. It is believed that the tachyon in string theory - wrong decision, the strings can not move faster than light. However, quantum mechanics for describe the phenomenon of entanglement requires a essence (particle), which moves faster than the speed of light. A tachyon (and a graviton) arose in string theory consistently, against the wishes of the researchers, as a mathematical consequence. The tachyon suggested a possible description of the mechanism of quantum correlations. Theory of Everything cannot escape the description of nonlocality.


Fe-Si-Al-Mg coatings by weight variation of ferrosilicon, Mg, and Al as 50(Fe-Si)-37.5Al-12.5Mg, 50(Fe-Si)-25Al25Mg, dan 50(Fe-Si)-12.5Al-37.5Mg have been prepared on low carbon steel substrate using the mechanical alloying technique. The coatings were studied using XRD (x-ray diffractometer) to comprehend the phase formed on the substrate and OM (optical microscopy) to measure the coating thickness. Based on XRD and OM characterization, Fe-Si-Al-Mg coatings were successfully deposited on the low carbon steel substrate. Fe-Si-Al-Mg layers are composed by intermetallic phases of FeSi2, Mg2Si, and Al0.7Fe3Si0.47. Each composition shows different coating thickness that tends to decreases with the increase of magnesium concentration and the reduction of aluminum concentration.


In the context of autonomous driving, new challenges arise also in the requirements engineering process. The specification needs to deal with a complex, open and highly dynamic context, which makes it hard to find an appropriate and still comprehensible formalism for the specification. Also, the requirements come from different sources, such as traffic regulations and consumer needs, which makes it difficult but yet important to maintain requirements consistency. This work focuses on consistency of those requirements that specify execution of driving maneuvers. In previous work, Traffic Sequence Charts have been introduced as a specification language for those requirements. Traffic Sequence Charts are a graphical formalism with a well-defined formal semantics that enables formal methods to support the development process. In this paper, a formal definition of consistency for TSCs is proposed, and its applicability in a tool-supported development process elaborated. Experimental results with a prototypical consistency analysis tool for TSCs are provided.


The determination of the metrics to evaluate the figure of medical science liaison (MSL) presents certain difficulties, as there is a great deal of variability. Therefore, the aim of the present exploratory study is to evaluate the metrics for evaluating MSL performance that are currently being used by the medical departments of the pharmaceutical industry in Spain by using the Delphi methodology with two rounds of participation.
After the first round, experts reached a consensus in 20 (38.5%) of 52 items: 18 in agreement and 2 in disagreement. In the second round, they established consensus in 8 (25.0%) of the remaining items. Overall, consensus was met in 28/52 (53.8%) items: 23 in agreement (44.2%) and 5 in disagreement (9.6%). No consensus was reached in 24 items (46.2%). On the general metrics, there was consensus agreement that the weight of each of these metrics should vary according to the product life cycle (96%), and disagreement that performance assessment should be done through a combination of quantitative (92%) and qualitative (80%) metrics.
This study provides the company with greater knowledge to establish and adapt its strategies without losing focus on delivering value in the relationships with healthcare professionals and patients.


Objective To study the relationship between parathyroid hormone(PTH)and nutritional status of patients in maintenance hemodialysis.Methods ①serum PTH,ALB,Hb,C-reactive protein,transferrin were examined;② anthropometric indices including biceps skin fold(BSF),triceps skin fold(TSF)and mid arm circumference(MAC)were measured;③nutri-tional status of the patients were evaluated with modified quantitative subjective global assessment(MQSGA);④insulin-like growth factor-1(IGF-1)and insulin-like growth factor blnding protein-3(IGFBP-3)were assessed;⑤ mid arm muscle circumference(MAMC)and bone-free arm muscle area(AMA)were calculated according to its formula;⑥the relationship between PTH and nutritional status were analysed.Results There were positive correlation between PTH and MQSGA(P0.01)and negative correlations between PTH and ALB,MAC,MAMC,AMA(P0.05).A significant negative correlation was found between PTH and Hb(P0.01).There were regression relations between PTH and MQSGA,Hb,MAMC,AMA(P0.05).Conclusion PTH can impact nutritional status of hemodialysis patients.


The design scheme of DC side voltage in Static Var Generator (SVG) is presented in a quantitative manner. The extensive analysis of the influence of DC side voltage on the performance of SVG is carried out,and a specification of the DC side voltage rated value is presented. A required lowest value of DC side voltage for full compensation (a unity total power factor) is obtained according to the output reactive current. For the situation of DC voltage is smaller than the above-obtained lowest value,the DC side voltage can be designed by using the power factor and harmonic current for the sinusoidal modulation control and over modulation control. Compared with the conventional design methods according to the experiences or simulations,the proposed scheme can be employed to design the DC side voltage quantitatively. The experiments verify its effectiveness.


We propose a new mean spherical approximation (MSA) based
perturbation theory (PT) equation of state for dipolar
fluids, which can be modelled by the Stockmayer potential.
Our equation of state contains a Lennard-Jones equation of
state and an excess term, which takes into account the
contribution of the dipole–dipole interaction. The
prediction of the latter term is based on the analytical
solution of the MSA for a dipolar hard sphere fluid.
Pressure data calculated from our MSA based PT equation of
state at different isotherms and reduced dipole moments
[µ
 *
=µ/√(σ
 3
e),
where µ is the dipole moment and σ, e are the
parameters of the Lennard-Jones potential] are compared with
Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and
Gubbins–Pople–Stell perturbation theory results.
At low density both theories give good agreement with MC
simulation results. At higher densities the MSA based PT
gives better agreement with the simulation data. The
vapour–liquid coexistence curves are predicted well
for µ
 *2
<2 reduced dipole moments by both
PTs, but for higher µ
 *
 values our MSA based PT
results are in better agreement with the simulation data.
The equilibrium pressure and enthalpy of vaporisation data
predicted from the MSA based PT are in better agreement with
the appropriate simulation data than those of the
Gubbins–Pople–Stell PT. A comparison between the
µ
 *
 dependence of the theoretical and MC
simulation critical parameters is also made, where, with the
exception of the critical density, the MSA based PT data are
in better agreement with the MC ones.


The article considers the question of the peculiarities of the formation of professional and communicative competencies of employees of the hospitality industry and the example of the hotel and restaurant industry. The importance of communicative competencies of employees in the development of the industry is emphasized, as the basis of interaction with the client and the key to business development, the image of the enterprise and its competitiveness in the market. The analysis of the terminological base of the research is carried out. Attention is drawn to the difference in approaches to understanding the terms "competence" and "competence". The main components of competence are identified: knowledge, methods of obtaining them and perception of their own capabilities. A detailed analysis of the elements of its structure is carried out. The paper notes that the process of formation of professional and communicative competencies is not limited to education in higher education, but continues during the work. Modern dynamics of development determines the process of lifelong learning as a guarantee of successful competition in the labor market. Levels of communication at the enterprise of hotel and restaurant sphere are defined: the worker-client; employee-employee; employee manager. The importance of forming a high level of communication, both the basis of hospitality and the method of avoiding conflicts in the team, the formation of corporate culture, the effectiveness of communication between services and departments of institutions. Examples of enterprise motivation of employees to increase the level of communicative competencies are given. It is proved that the effectiveness of professional and communicative competencies depends on the experience of communication, which is formed outside the walls of higher education and is associated with civic activity, participation in various activities. Attention is paid to the growing role of information technology in the work of hospitality institutions and the adjustment of communication competencies of hotel and restaurant employees to the requirements, laws and rules of communication in the information environment.


The leaching process with HCl of material containing cobalt and copper oxides from spent lithium ion battery is investigated by means of leaching experiment and orthogonal test. The optimum leaching condition is leaching at 45℃ with 2mol/L HCl acid for 6h in 25∶1(mL/g) of liquid/solid ratio and agitation intensity 200r/min. In validity experiments,the even leaching efficiency of cobalt and copper are 99.80% and 99.27%,respectively.


A rapid assay is needed to distinguish potentially mild vs. severe strains of Citrus tristeza virus (CTV). Multiple alignment performed on the coat protein (CP) and the minor coat protein (CPm) intergene sequences (~91-99bp) from different CTV isolates revealed that severe strains generally associated with orange stem pitting (OSP), grapefruit stem pitting (GSP) and seedling yellows (SY) share a conserved sequence which is absent in mild (T30-like genotype) and decline isolates (T36-like genotype). Two assays were developed to differentiate such isolates: i) multiplex one-step real-time RT-PCR; ii) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis. The real-time assay consisted of broad spectrum detection using a universal primers/Taqman probe (Cy5-labeled) and a primers/MGB-TaqMan probe (FAM-labeled) specific for VT and T3 genotypes of CTV. The multiplex real-time assay simultaneously detected of all CTV isolates and differentiated VT and T3 genotypes in our tests. The RFLP assay is based on primers which amplified a target sequence containing unique restriction DdeI or SspI sites. The DdeI restriction site was conserved among VT and T3 genotypes and absent in T30 and T36 genotypes. In contrast, the SspI restriction site was conserved in mild isolates and absent in the severe strains. Both assays were validated with a panel of local and international CTV isolates from different CTV collections and using natural or artificial combined infections. Both new assays differentiated between genetically and biologically different CTV strains. Index words. Detection, stem pitting, seedling yellows, multiplex qPCR, RFLP, enzyme restriction sites


Abstract Background: Few studies investigated the combined effects of night-shift work, daytime napping, and nighttime sleep on cancer incidence and mortality. Methods: A total of 25,377 participants were included in this study. Information on sleep habits, cancer incidences, and mortalities were collected. Cox proportional hazards models were used to calculate the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence intervals (HRs, 95%CIs). Results: Male subjects experienced ≥20 years of night-shift work, or without daytime napping had an increased risk of cancer, when compared with males who did not have night-shift work or napped for 1–30 min [HR (95%CI) = 1.27 (1.01–1.59) and 2.03 (1.01–4.13), respectively]. Nighttime sleep for ≥10 h was associated with a separate 40% and 59% increased risk of cancer [HR (95%CI) = 1.40 (1.04–1.88)] and cancer-caused mortality [HR (95%CI) = 1.59 (1.01–2.49)] than sleep for 7–8 h/night. Combined effects of three sleep habits were further identified. Male participants with at least two above risk sleep habits had a 43% increased risk of cancer [HR (95%CI) = 1.43 (1.07–2.01)] and a 2.07-fold increased cancer-caused mortality [HR (95%CI) = 2.07 (1.25–3.29)] than those who did not have any above risk sleep habits. However, no significant associations were observed among women. Conclusions: Long night-shift work history, without daytime napping, and long nighttime sleep duration were independently and jointly associated with higher cancer incidence among males. KEY MESSAGES Night-shift work of ≥20 years, without napping, and nighttime sleep of ≥10 h were associated with increased cancer incidence. Nighttime sleep ≥10 h was associated with a 2.07-fold increased cancer-caused mortality among males. Combined effects of night-shift work ≥20 years, without napping, and nighttime sleep ≥10 h on increasing cancer incidence were existed among males.


Dynamic characteristics of pile under distributed loads have aroused strong attention in the engineering field. Based on the Winkler beam model, transfer matrix method is used to build lateral vibration model for the partially embedded single pile with distributed loads. The method for solving pile deformation and internal force is shown. The influence to deformation and internal forces of partially embedded pile by load form is analyzed.


Background:  The purpose of the present paper was to study the expression of cyclooxygenase‐2 (COX‐2) in normal squamous epithelium, squamous dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus, to elucidate the role of COX‐2 in esophageal carcinogenesis, and to evaluate the in vitro effect and mechanism of a COX‐2 inhibitor, NS‐398, in inducing growth inhibition and apoptosis of human esophageal cancer cells.


Perforation of the cervical oesophagus is an extremely rare but recognised complication of thyroidectomy. As with all oesophageal perforations management depends on timing of diagnosis in relation to the timing of injury, the size of the oesophageal wall defect, extent of extraluminal contamination, and how unwell the patient is with respect to sepsis. We report a case of complete transection of the cervical oesophagus during total thyroidectomy and its subsequent management.

 A previously well 32-year-old female had a complete cervical oesophageal transection during total thyroidectomy and neck dissection for papillary carcinoma of thyroid. This was recognised by her ENT surgeon who repaired the oesophagus primarily. Subsequently, she developed sepsis with cellulitis of her anterior chest wall. Cross-sectional imaging demonstrated a leak at the site of the cervical oesophageal repair. Gastroscopy confirmed a 50% dehiscence of the oesophageal anastomosis. Control and management of her oesophageal leak was achieved with EVT delivered using an ad-hoc endoluminal vacuum device (EVD) constructed from open cell foam sutured around the distal end of a nasogastric tube.

 The patient was managed in the intensive care unit (ICU) with appropriate organ support and antimicrobial cover. A surgical jejunostomy was placed to facilitate enteral feeding. EVT was delivered using the ad-hoc EVD which was placed endoscopically and situated intraluminally across the anastomotic leak site. Continuous negative pressure (125 mmHg) was applied. Six EVD changes were required to heal the leak. Her total length of stay was 41 days, of which 38 days were in ICU. There were no periprocedural complications related to using the EVD or EVT, although the patient subsequently developed an oesophageal stricture which required endoscopic dilatation.

 Accidental complete transection of the cervical oesophagus is extremely rare. This case highlights the importance of a multidisciplinary team approach for managing such cases. EVT is an emerging treatment option for upper gastrointestinal (UGI) leaks and is reported to be safe and effective for leaks from a wide range of causes throughout the UGI tract.  Successful resolution of the oesophageal leak in this unusual case demonstrates the utility of EVT in difficult clinical situations which may otherwise pose a formidable management challenge using traditional treatment strategies.


2. Sheldon TA, Raffle A, Watt I. Department of Health shoots itself in the hip. Why the report of the Advisory Group on Osteoporosis undermines evidence based purchasing. BMJ 1996; 312: 296-297. 3. Kanis JA, Delmas P, Burckhardt P, Cooper C, Torgerson D. Guidelines for diagnosis and management of osteoporosis. The European Foundation for Osteoporosis and Bone Disease. Osteoporos Int 1997; 7: 390-406. 4. Torgerson DJ, Iglesias CP, Reid DM. The economics of fracture prevention. In: Barlow DH, Francis RM, Miles A, eds. The effective management of osteoporosis. London: Aesculapius Medical Press, 200 1. 5. Weiss NS, Ure CL, Ballard JH, et al. Decreased risk of fractures of the hip and lower forearm with postmenopausal use of estrogen. N Engl J Med 1980; 303: 1195-1198 6. Kie1 DP, Felson DT, Anderson n, Wilson PW, Moskowitz MA. Hip fracture and the use of estrogens in postmenopausal women. N Eng1 J Med 1987; 317; 1169-1174. 7. Black DM, Cummings SR, Karpf DB, et al. Randomised trial of effect of alendronate on risk of fracture in women with existing vertebral fractures. Fracture Intervention Trial Research Group. Lancet 1996; 348: 1535-1541. 8. Harris ST, Watts NB, Genant HK, et al. Effects of risedronate treatment on vertebral and nonvertebral fractures in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis: a randomized controlled trial. Vertebral Efficacy With Risedronate Therapy (VERT) Study Group. JAMA 1999; 282: 1344-1352. 9. McClung MR, Geusens P, Miller PD, et al. Effect of risedronate on the risk of hip fracture in elderly women. Hip Intervention Program Study Group. N Engl J Med 2001; 344: 333-340. 10. Gabriel SE, Kneeland TS, Melton U, et al. Health-related quality of life in economic evaluations for osteoporosis: whose values should we use? Med Decis Making 1999; 19: 141-148. 11. Salkeld G, Cameron ID, Cumming RG, et al. Quality of life related to fear of falling and hip fracture in older women: a time trade off study. BMJ 2000; 320: 341-346. 12. Cooper C, Atkinson EJ, Jacobsen SJ, O'Fallon WM, Melton U.


Abstract : The overall scientific objective of this research was to develop techniques for speeding up discrete event simulation (DES) programs in applications such as simulation of computer architectures, communication networks, battlefield scenarios, etc. Such simulations often require prohibitive amounts of time on conventional computing hardware. Several major successes and important new results were obtained during the grant period in this problem domain. The most significant results are summarized in the following areas: Optimistic and Conservative Synchronization Mechanisms; Special Purpose Hardware for Discrete Event Simulation.


Some alien woody species used in commercial forestry become invasive and, as invaders, cause major problems in natural and semi-natural ecosystems. However, the deliberate introduction of aliens can bring unintended negative changes also within areas of their cultivation. This paper presents the effects of the intentional introduction of the North-American Quercus rubra in European mixed Scots pine-Pedunculate oak forests (POFs): Querco roboris-Pinetum (W. Mat. 1981) J. Mat. 1988. Phytosociological data from field research combined with GIS data analysis of the current distribution of Northern Red oak in the studied habitat were used to determine the composition and structure of forest communities in plots with and without Q. rubra participation.  The results show that Q. rubra significantly reduces native species richness and abundance, both in old-growth and in secondary (post-agricultural) forests. Not one resident vascular plant benefits from the introduction of Northern Red oak and only a few are able to tolerate its co-occurrence. The natural restocking of all native woody species is also strongly limited by this alien tree.  The introduction of Northern Red oak significantly limits the environmental functions of the POF ecosystem and weakens its economic and social aspects. However, its further cultivation is justified from an economic point of view, as the essential function of the studied forests is commercial timber production, and the introduction of this fast growing alien tree supports the provisioning ecosystem services. A clear description of the level of trade-off between the accepted negative and positive effects of the introduction of Q. rubra on forest ecosystem services requires further interdisciplinary studies.


With people-oriented service to the community's guiding ideology deeply rooted among the people,p olice shoulder increasingly heavy task.Police physical education is an important part,is is an important trainingm ean to cultivate students with ideals,morality,culture,and discipline.Police sports courses and other courses relatingp olice tactics are intertwined,as a required course for many police academies,but there exists such problems as nou niform and resonable curriculum,which needs to reform.


Reading is a seeking information  activity through  written symbols. Practicing reading and mastering proper reading techniques will get maximum knowledge. To understand the content of the reading, the reader should know the main idea contained in the text. Based on the observation of researcher ability and interest of the third semester student Indonesia and Literature Department of  Sekolah Tinggi Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (STKIP) Pringsewu Lampung  in understanding the contents of reading is still lacking and experiencing difficulties caused by several factors, such as like SQ3R tecnic. Therefore, researcher  wants to know the ability of students in understanding the text description by using   SQ3R methods. SQ3R is reading method that designs to understand the text, this technique is stand for survey, question, read, review and recite.This is a qualitive descriptive research. Research that reveals the occurs event, condition, phenomena, variable and the events when the research is processing. The  data collecting techniques done by observation and test. The sample of this research is STKIP MPL Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Indonesia semester 3. Which amounts to 76 studentss the population of this research. The data analysis based on the students reading ability in understanding the text by using SQ3R.


For the calculation of multi-loop Feynman integrals, a novel numerical method, the Direct Computation Method (DCM) is developed. It is a combination of a numerical integration and a series extrapolation. In principle, DCM can handle diagrams of arbitrary internal masses and external momenta, and can calculate integrals with general numerator function. As an example of the performance of DCM, a numerical computation of two-loop box diagrams is presented. Further discussion is given on the choice of control parameters in DCM. This method will be an indispensable tool for the higher order radiative correction when it is tested for a wider class of physical parameters and the separation of divergence is done automatically.


The effect of overloads, underloads and stress ratio on plasticity-induced crack opening level is examined for different 'model' materials. This study is focused on the consequences of the Bauschinger effect on the crack opening level. Various finite element analyses were conducted using ABAQUS to test these effects, involving the Chaboche constitutive equations that take into account both the Bauschinger effect of the material and its cyclic hardening or softening. The cyclic plastic behaviour of the material is found to strongly affect the crack behaviour after an overload or an underload. The experimental data obtained on a 0.4% carbon mild steel confirm the numerical results.


15573 Background: To assess safety and efficacy of Irinotecan and Doxorubicin loaded beads (DC Bead) delivered by trans-arterial embolization for the treatment of unresectable metastatic cancer to ...


An investigation of the nuclear explosions at shallow depth is made. A combination of an explosion code and an effects code proves to be an excellent tool for this study. A numerical simulation of ''Johnie Boy'' shows that the energy coupling to the air takes place in two stages; first by a rising mound, and then by a vented source. The thermal effects are examined for a 1 kt source at three depths of burial. The ''mushroom effect'' leaves a hot radiative plasma in the upper level and cold materials in the lower region of the debris. The temperature and the energy density of the debris can give an upper limit on the thermal output.


At the article are introduced the results of experiment researching of destructors of soils of Samara by the oilproducts and hard metals.