Objective: to analyze the socio-demographic and gynecological aspects of women with CIN I. Method: descriptive, retrospective and documentary study, with a quantitative approach. The data were obtained through the analysis of medical records of women diagnosed with CIN I, totaling 123 records. The results were presented in tables with absolute and relative frequency and discussed according to the literature. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee, Protocol 199/08. Results: most cases of CIN I occurred in women up to 35 years old(71.5%), literate (68.3%), who lived with the partner (52.0%) and with income up to three minimum wages (66.6%). Of these, 61% started sexual life before 17 years old, had reduced variety of partners and only 23.6% used a condom. Conclusion: the results ratified the profile of a population vulnerable to acquisition of CIN I with socioeconomic conditions and sex life some predisposing risk factors. Descriptors: Women's Health; Health profile; Nursing. RESUMO Objetivo: analisar os aspectos sociodemográficos e ginecológicos de mulheres portadoras de NIC I. Método: estudo descritivo, documental e retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa. Os dados foram obtidos através da análise de prontuários de mulheres com diagnóstico de NIC I, totalizando 123 prontuários. Os resultados foram apresentados em tabelas com frequência absoluta e relativa e discutidos de acordo com a literatura. O projeto foi aprovado pelo Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa, Protocolo 199/08. Resultados: a maioria dos casos de NIC I ocorreu em mulheres com até 35 anos (71,5%), alfabetizadas (68,3%), que moravam com o companheiro (52,0%) e com renda até três salários mínimos (66,6%). Destas, 61% iniciou a vida sexual antes dos 17 anos, teve reduzida variedade de parceiros e apenas 23,6% utilizava o preservativo. Conclusão: os resultados ratificaram o perfil de uma população vulnerável a aquisição de NIC I com condições socioeconômicas e da vida sexual predisponentes a alguns fatores de risco. Descritores: Saúde da Mulher; Perfil de Saúde; Enfermagem. RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar los aspectos socio-demográficos y ginecológicos de mujeres portadoras de NIC I. Método: estudio descriptivo, documental y retrospectivo, con enfoque cuantitativo. Los datos fueron obtenidos a través del análisis de prontuarios de mujeres con diagnóstico de NIC I, totalizando 123 prontuarios. Los resultados fueron presentados en tablas con frecuencia absoluta y relativa y discutidos de acuerdo con la literatura. El proyecto fue aprobado por el Comité de Ética en Investigación, Protocolo 199/08. Resultados: la mayoría de los casos de NIC I se dieron en mujeres con hasta 35 años (71,5%), alfabetizadas (68,3%), que vivían con el compañero (52,0%) y con renta hasta tres salarios mínimos (66,6%). De estas, 61% inició la vida sexual antes de los 17 años, tuvo reducida variedad de compañeros y apenas 23,6% utilizaba el preservativo. Conclusión: los resultados ratificaron el perfil de una populación vulnerable a adquisición de NIC I con condiciones socioeconómicas y de la vida sexual predisponentes a algunos factores de riesgo. Descriptores: Salud de la Mujer; Perfil de Salud; Enfermería. Nurse, Master degree in Colective Health, University of Fortaleza/UNIFOR. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: email@example.com; Nurse, Master degree, Post-graduation program in Nursing, Federal University of Ceará/PPGENF/UFC. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, Specialist in Neonatal Nursing. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com; Nurse, Master degree in the Post-graduation Program in Nursing, Federal University of Ceará/PPGENF/UFC. Fortaleza (CE), Brazil. E-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com ORIGINAL ARTICLE Oliveira RG de, Magalhães SR, Lima KP et al. Aspectos sociodemográficos e ginecológicos... English/Portuguese J Nurs UFPE on line., Recife, 8(4):1002-10, Apr., 2014 1003 ISSN: 1981-8963 DOI: 10.5205/reuol.5829-50065-1-ED-1.0804201428 Cervical cancer is the second most common in women around the world. More than 500,000 new cases are diagnosed each year, with approximately 274000 deaths, 88% of deaths occurred in developing countries, of which occurred in Africa, 31400 in Latin America and 53000 in the Caribbean, and 159800 in Asia, in East Africa, South-Central, Asia and Melanesia, therefore is the most recurring in women. In Brazil, in 2012, were expected 17,540 new cases of cancer of the cervix (CC), with an estimated risk of 17 cases per 100 000 women. In 2009, this neoplasm represented the third cause of death from cancer in women, with 5,063 deaths, representing the gross mortality rate of 5.18 deaths for each 100 thousand women. With approximately 530 000 new cases per year worldwide, cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women, being responsible for the death of 275 000 women a year. It is known that the emergence of the CC is related to women's sexual behavior and the transmission of infectious agents. In most cases, the presence of infection by human papilloma virus (HPV) is pointed to as a risk factor triggering the CC. In addition, they can cite other factors such as: smoking, low intake of vitamins, multiple sexual partners, early sexual activity, use of oral contraceptives, genetic predisposition, in addition to the low socioeconomic level. Unlike other human cancers, cervical cancer is in principle, a preventable disease that presents slowly advancing with long period since the development of the precursor lesions to the emergence of cancer. Therefore, its prevention is potentially effective. With regard to strategies of controlling precursor lesions for the CC, it is highlighted the Pap test which consists of analyzing the cellular changes of the cervix and vagina regions, through the collection of cellular material, in search of the presence of any disease that affects the region, such as sexually transmitted diseases (STD), Papillomatosis and HPV, in addition to the amendments tabled in the different phases of the menstrual cycle. It is possible to detect lesions of cervix pre-invasive which are curable in up to 100% of cases. Cervical lesions are precursors in evolutionary degrees, being classified as cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grades I (low-grade lesion), II and III (high grade lesions). Therefore the CIN I is a reversible injury. The CIN I is the cellular change that affects the basal layers of stratified epithelium of the cervix (mild dysplasia). About 80% of women with this type of injury will present spontaneous regression. CIN II is the existence of cellular breakdown by up to three-quarters of the thickness of the epithelium, preserving more superficial layers (moderate dysplasia). CIN III is the observation of the breakdown in all layers of the epithelium (severe dysplasia and carcinoma in situ), without the underlying connective tissue invasion. Population studies are indispensable to the nurse who attends in CC prevention service, since helping to check the prevalence of lowgrade lesions (CIN I), the social, cultural and sexual characteristics of the client, in addition to identifying the co-factors for HPV risk more prevalent, as well as guiding and treat the customers at greater risk of acquiring the virus. It is relevant also to contribute to the definition of public health policies suitable for reduction of rates of CIN I, once its morbidity has increased vulnerability. With this research, it is believed to contribute to the improvement of the quality of life of this population, because the reduction of rates of CIN I depends on basic actions for prevention and control of predisposing factors, protection policies to women's health and educational improvement of the population. With that, considering the high rate of incidence of cases of CIN I, the ability of HPV infection lead to the CC and the hard cure of disease when diagnosed late, the present study aims to: ● To analyze socio-demographic and Gynecologic aspects of women with CIN I. Descriptive, retrospective and documentary study, with a quantitative approach, being held at the cancer prevention Institute (CPI), located in the city of Fortaleza, where the clients are women over ten years old that are part of the Unified Health System (SUSSistem Único de Saúde). The universe of study was composed of the medical records of women met in the CPI during the year of 2010 with HPV diagnostic e CIN I. The records of this institution are located in the Medical File and statistical service (SAME), being identified by colored label black-HPV, CC-red, yellow-ASCUS (Atypical squamous cells of Undetermined Significance) and green – HPV + CIN I. Initially, all the medical records of 200 women attended were evaluated, in 2010, with black color labels (HPV) and green (HPV + INTRODUCTION


This paper presents the design and implementation of a real-time simulator using a cluster of FPGAs that are interconnected by the communication protocol with ultra-low latency. While the time step below one microsecond achieved by the solver running on the FPGA guarantees to accurately capture the dynamics of switching power electronics, the low latency of the inter-FPGA communication reduces the restriction on the minimum travel time delay of the line, and thus the length of the line to decompose the simulated circuits into multiple subsystems that are parallelly processed on the FPGA cluster. Proof-of-concept is provided by simulating ten neighboring photovoltaic (PV) generation units in real-time on a cluster of three FPGAs. The results obtained from the proposed real-time simulator are compared and validated against the results given by the MATLAB/SimPowerSystem (SPS).


The LTC®4125 is a simple and high performance monolithic full bridge resonant driver capable of delivering over 5W of power wirelessly to a properly tuned receiver. The device controls the current flow in a series connected transmit coil LC network to create a simple, safe and versatile wireless power transmitter. The LTC4125 automatically adjusts its driving frequency to match the LC network resonant frequency. This AutoResonant switching allows the device to deliver maximum power from a low voltage input supply (3V to 5.5V) to a tuned receiver. To optimize system efficiency, the LTC4125 employs a periodic transmit power search and adjusts the transmission power based on the receiver load requirements. The device stops delivering power during a fault condition, or if a foreign object is detected. The LTC4125 also includes a programmable maximum average input current limit and an NTC input as additional means for foreign object and overload protection. The LTC4125 is available in a 20-lead low profile (0.75mm) 4mm × 5mm QFN package. applicaTions n Monolithic 5W Wireless Power Transmitter


The negative affecting arisen by the cheat in examinations for the society and the examinee is disastrous.It is also an obstacle to the development of education.Eliminating the!cheat is an important way for cultivating trust of examinee.By analyzing the condition,we find that the formation of the examinee trust is the result of certain repeated gambling between each main body.Only if providing the exterior environment for the repeated gambling and a variety of education ways,the well-quality environment for examinee trust could be established.


Face recognition under blur, illumination and pose is a difficult task in image processing. The existing method performs good under illumination and pose, but fail in case of blurring. So we propose a new method for blurred face recognition. First the structure and texture blur-invariant features are extracted and the complete description on blurred image is generated by fusing those features .LPQ is extracted in a densely sampled way and to enhance its performance a vector of locally aggregated descriptors (VLAD) is employed for texture blur-invariant feature. The histogram of oriented gradient (HOG) is used for structure blur-invariant feature. Then the improved HOG is extracted and then fused with the original HOG by canonical correlation analysis (CCA). For handling pose and illumination variations, we follow MOBILAP algorithm. The expected results demonstrate our improvements and performance in blurred face recognition. Keywords— Face Recognition; Illumination; Invariant Texture; Non-Uniform Motion; _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________


In sheet metal forming, a simple shape profile is formed between tools or dies to obtain a complex geometry with the properties and desired tolerances. Nowadays, three-dimensional U-bending process is widely applied in many manufacturing industries, that it could be fabricated with a low production cost. However, after three-dimensional U-bending process, it usually produces spring back problem, little scrap, high percentage of deflection and change of the characteristic of the sheet metal. As a result, three-dimensional U-bending machines is designed and develop with a minimum amount of errors. Furthermore, Finite Element Method (FEM) with commercial software CATIA V5, computer based simulation is an absolute necessity to check the errors and the effects of the process parameters. A study of the principle variables of the sheet metal forming processes and their interactions is essential for this project. These variables include the flow behavior and formability of the formed sheet material under processing conditions, material, coatings and geometry of the die, friction and lubrication, the mechanics of the deformation, stresses, strains and forces, and last are characteristics of the specimen forming presses and tooling


The ability of catalytic combustors to promote stable combustion of lean fuel-air mixtures with flame temperature less than 1800 K provides the potential for obtaining ultra-low nitrogen oxides emissions levels in combustion systems utilizing catalytic reactors. Another potential benefit of the use of catalytic reactors is improved combustion system life due to the reduced gas temperatures in the combustion zone. In standard combustion reactors with droplet burning, primary zone gas temperatures can reach stoichiometric flame temperature levels locally and radiation levels from the primary zone are relatively high. In a catalytic combustor the gas temperature is at the much lower flame temperature value associated with the average premixed fuel-air ratio. Other potential benefits of catalytic combustors include improved turbine life because of greatly reduced pattern factors, improved temperature profiles, and improved combustion lean stability. This paper investigates the potential for application of catalytic combustion to modern high-pressure-ratio gas turbine engine combustion systems. The specific goals for the combustion systems are given.


Judging litetary criticism to be "the most humane of intellectual putsuits" (21), Emerson R. Marks (with stunning critical intelligence, historical knowledge, and discutsive chatm) describes, ttanslates, and appraises in Taming the Chaos some four centuries of potent commentaty on pethaps the wickedest thorn in the brambles of English litetary theory: what is poetic language? The roots ofMarks' surpassing inquiry into opinion on poetic diction (and ineluctably on much mote) lie in his eatliet books on English poetics: Rehtivist and Absolutist (1955), The Poetics ofReason (1968), and Coleridge on the Language ofVerse (1971). Like these exceptional wotks, Taming the Chaos—its title inspired by Coleridge's vision of poets as "Gods of Love who tame the Chaos"—is a discriminating and dtamatic intetplay ofhistory, theory, and criticism. Copious notes and a proper index back the unobttusive citations in this magnum opusby Matks, professor emeritus at the Univetsity ofMassachusetts, Boston, and fotmet editot of the distinguished journal Criticism.


The presence of the highly conserved repetitive DNA sequences in the human centromeres argues for a special role of these sequences in their biological functions - most likely achieved by the formation of unusual structures. This prompted us to carry out quantitative one- and two-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (lD/2D NMR) spectroscopy to determine the structural properties of the human centromeric repeats, d(AATGG){sub n.d}(CCATT){sub n}. The studies on centromeric DNAs reveal that the complementary sequence, d(AATGG){sub n.d}(CCATT){sub n}, adopts the usual Watson-Crick B-DNA duplex and the pyrimidine-rich d(CCATT){sub n} strand is essentially a random coil. However, the purine-rich d(AATGG){sub n} strand is shown to adopt unusual stem-loop structures for repeat lengths, n=2,3,4, and 6. In addition to normal Watson-Crick A{center_dot}T pairs, the stem-loop structures are stabilized by mismatch A{center_dot}G and G{center_dot}G pairs in the stem and G-G-A stacking in the loop. Stem-loop structures of d(AATGG)n are independently verified by gel electrophoresis and nuclease digestion studies. Thermal melting studies show that the DNA repeats, d(AATGG){sub n}, are as stable as the corresponding Watson-Crick duplex d(AATGG){sub n.d}(CCATT){sub n}. Therefore, the sequence d(AATGG){sub n} can, indeed, nucleate a stem-loop structure at little free-energy cost and if, during mitosis, they are located on the chromosomemore » surface they can provide specific recognition sites for kinetochore function.« less


A class of space-time (ST) codes, known as Toeplitz ST codes, is developed, which allows blind estimation on MIMO channels. The identifiability conditions are presented, which show that the proposed estimation algorithm can be used under any channel conditions with a mild requirement on the source signal which can be easily satisfied. The proposed Toeplitz ST code achieves the maximum diversity order. Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the good performance of the proposed ST code with various numbers of antennas, transmission rates and input packet sizes.


All cases were treated in Hospital, with theexception of case No. 47, who was working in the eye department. A bacteriological examination, including penicillin sensitivity, was made before commencing treatmetnt; as a rule treatment was commenced on admission, without waiting for bacteriological report. In the later cases cultures were taken as a routine every forty-eight hours, and treatment was continued for a few days after negative cultures were obtained. For most cases a solution of the sodium salt was used, containing 500 units per c.c., occasionally 250 units, three or four drops being instilled every four hours. 'In eight cases lamellae of the calcium salt, containing 180 or 100 units, were applied four-hourly. The one case of perforating injury received an injection of 1,250 units of the sodium salt in 0 25 c.c. sterile distilled water, into both the anterior chamber and the vitreous. A summary is shown in'tabular form.


The AIPLA is a bar association of more than 14,000 members located primarily in the United States, but with members from sixty countries around the world. Our members are in private and corporate practice, in government service, and in the academic community, whose interests lie in the area of patent, copyright, trademark, trade secret, and other areas of intellectual property law. The AIPLA represents a wide and diverse spectrum of individuals, companies, and institutions involved directly or indirectly in the practice of patent, trademark, copyright, and unfair competition law, as well as other fields of law related to intellectual property law. Unlike many other areas of practice in which separate and distinct plaintiffs and defendants bars exist, most intellectual property attorneys represent both intellectual property owners and alleged infringers.


stamps, chronology, source and distribution, plus an annotated bibliography. Each entry is accompanied by illustrations of vessel forms, the majority at 1/4 scale, and a computer-generated distribution map of the ware in Britain and, if appropriate, on the Continent. Adjacent to the map is a vertical bar-chart showing the date of production and/or distribution in Britain. Some wares of limited geographical spread are omitted and rarer items included only if important for the historical narrative. Areas where distribution is likely to be incomplete [for reasons of mis-identification or poor recording) are indicated. The atlas, which could stand alone as an identification manual, is an invaluable source of reference. It is clearly laid out and easy to use. The vast quantity of data collected and the way in which it is presented is to be commended. Whilst not limiting the book's value, there are two subject areas in particular the technology of pottery production and ethnographic studies which would benefit from more detailed discussion. The author has also missed an opportunity to state what he believes to be the major areas of research which could be pursued in the future, perhaps developing the recommendations put forward by Fulford & Huddleston in 1991. Mistakes in the bibliography and instances where the index does not 'work' are irritants rather than major criticisms. To cover Roman pottery in Britain in just 228 pages is an ambitious aim but one iii which the author has largely succeeded. It brings together a wealth of information, is amply illustrated and presents a comprehensive bibliography and glossary. This hook is an important starting-point for anyone wa;iting to make a serious study of the history and importance of Roman pottery in Britain. GILLIAN DUNN Chester Archaeology g.dunn@Chestercc,gov.uk


The present invention relates to a data management method in an optical disk-based archive systems. In one embodiment of the present invention, when recording data on an optical disk for every optical disc contained in the cartridge, when stored to create metadata for the optical disk, and to extract the cartridge from the archiving system to move to a different archiving system the metadata generated can be transferred to another system the archive over the media. Is the number of metadata to direct the transmission to a different archive systems or copies of the external memory to transfer the metadata to the other archive system over the network. In addition, the time a new cartridge is mounted to the archiving system, the compressed file can be released, the compressed file being transferred over the network or an external memory to restore the metadata for all of the optical disc held by the new cartridge. Thus, when moving the cartridge in a different archive systems without wasting resources in the process of obtaining the metadata for the optical disc contained in the cartridge, it is possible to obtain the metadata for the optical disk containing the appropriate cartridge as soon as possible.


Abstract The synthesis of substituted N-hydroxy-1,4-dihydro-1,4-azaphosphorins 4 has been carried out by adding the di (trimethylsilyl)peroxide 3 to the anion 2 generated from the addition of n-butyllithium to compound 1.


The new molecule 4‐[(2S)‐2‐(1H‐imidazol‐1‐ylmethyl)‐5‐oxotetrahydro‐1H‐pyrrol‐1‐yl]methylbenzenecarboxylic acid (MMK16) was found to have promising anti‐inflammatory activity. This biological behavior of MMK16 triggered our interest to study its binding affinity using NMR spectroscopy in LOX and its docking and molecular dynamics (MD) properties in LOX and COX enzymes. The present NMR and docking binding studies not only rationalize the obtained biological results since in all three receptors MMK16 shows high affinity and scoring but also make it a potential dual LOX‐5/COX‐2 inhibitor. Thus, this class of molecules must be further investigated for discovering compounds possessing better biological activity and more lasting biological effect.


This study proposes an extended state observer-based sliding mode control (ESO-SMC) strategy for trajectory tracking of a four mecanum wheeled mobile platform (FMWMP) with unknown disturbances and model uncertainties (UDMU) considered. Especially, the extended state observer (ESO) is designed to estimate not only the UDMU but also the unmeasured velocities of FMWMP. Based on the designed ESO, a sliding mode control (SMC) scheme is utilised to ensure the tracking performance as expected. By using Lyapunov synthesis, it is shown that all the signals of the whole system can be guaranteed to be uniformly ultimately bounded. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy, simulations and experiments are carried out with two different kinds of reference trajectories. Furthermore, a comparative work is done to show that the ESO-SMC controller has better control performance than traditional proportional-integral-derivative controller.


Neural networks and genetic programming in the investigation of new methods for predicting rainfall in the catchment area of the city of Sari. Various methods are used for prediction, such as the time series model, artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, fuzzy Nero


A method for receiving cell material from the surface of a nutrient medium and depositing it on a depositing surface, in which a rod-shaped element by its end associated with the cellular material in contact and the adherent cell material is transferred from the end on the depositing surface, characterized in that the rod-shaped element (1) with its blunt end surface (12) is placed with a defined force on the nutrient medium and is offset relative to the accumulation of cellular material on the edge of the face in swinging movements, then the rod-shaped element (1) is positioned relative to the shelf and by re- applying the swinging movements, the cell material is released from the rod-shaped element.


Twenty Consonant Poetry was developed by skilled poetic researchers working in Urbana, Illinois in 1993. The idea grew out of a joke about twelve-tone music. It was originally used as a learning aid to invoke visions in high school poetry students. Since then, people of widely varying sensibilities have attempted it. It has been used to write stories, scripts, stock reports, limericks, lists of things to do, matrices, songs, political commentary, and cartoons. Unbeknownst to us (at least for awhile), Twenty Consonant Poetry even had its own web page (http://www.au.com/ammx/20cp.htm1).


The rise in remote work arrangements has accelerated interest in the design of employee workspaces across geographic locations. The rapid expansion of workspaces beyond organizational structures highlights the need for developing a person-centric perspective on work design that takes into account how workers perceive and craft their physical work environment and utilize new technologies, so that strategies for ensuring worker well-being and desired worker outcomes may be developed. The goal of this symposium is to introduce an interdisciplinary approach to this person-centric perspective that draws upon foundational concepts in psychology and architecture, and to delineate a future research agenda with practical implications for organizations and workers in the workplace of the future.


That the end of bussing in the years 1980–81 coincided with a multicultural U-turn in approaches to education and with the emergence of new demographic dynamics in inner-city schools is fully evidenced in Bradford's case. In 1982, a local memorandum stated that the West Yorkshire city had "a multi-racial and multi-cultural population and … all sections of the community have an equal right to the maintenance of their distinctive identities and loyalties of culture, language, religion and custom". Race Awareness Training for teachers was also introduced....


Address correspondence to: Bülent Elbasan, PT, PhD Gazi University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation Beşevler Ankara Türkiye E-mail: email@example.com Purpose: Our study was designed to examine the impact of visual perception and motor functions on the activities of daily living in children with disabilities. Methods: Thirty-five children with mild mental retardation between 5 and 17 years of age were recruited for the study. Activities of daily living were evaluated using the Functional Independence Measure (WeeFIM), visual perception was evaluated using the Motor-Free Visual Perception Test (MVPT3), and motor function was assessed using the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Results: Positive correlations were found between GMFM score and total WeeFIM score (r=0.467) and sub-tests of WeeFIM including self-care (r=0.513), mobility (r=0.658), and locomotion (r=0.453) scores (p<0.05). Visual memory and visual closure and total scores of MVPT-3 were significantly related with WeeFIM total score (r=0.440, r=0.504, and r=0.338, p<0.05, respectively). Visual discrimination of MVPT-3 was significantly associated with selfcare of WeeFIM (r=0.346, p<0.05). Conclusion: Sub-parameters of the visual perception were found to be important factors for independency in activities of daily living of children with disabilities. Selection of these kinds of tests provide information about evaluation of the level of the child's motor development, and also which tests should be selected to evaluate both upper and lower extremity motor function.


Abstract Online media have brought tremendous changes to civic life, public opinions, and government administration. Compared with traditional media, online media not only allow individuals to browse news and express their views more freely, but also accelerate the transmission of opinions and expand influence. As public opinions may arouse societal unrest, it is worth detecting the primary topics and uncovering the evolution trends of public opinions for societal administration. Various algorithms are developed to deal with the huge volume of unstructured online media data. In this study, dynamic topic model is employed to explore topic content evolution and prevalence evolution using the original posts published from 2013 to 2017 on the Tianya Zatan Board of Tianya Club, which is one of the most popular BBS in China. Based on semantic similarities, topics are grouped into three themes: Family life, societal affairs, and government administration. The evolution of topic prevalence and content are affected by emergent incidents. Topics on family life become popular, while themes "societal affairs" and "government administration" with bigger standard deviations are more likely to be influenced by emergent hot events. Content evolution represented by monthly pairwise distance matrix is very easy to find change points of topic content.


In allusion to low resource utilization of power system data recovery center and complex flow of data recovery business,a concrete thinking of leading cloud computing into data recovery is proposed.The feasibility and necessity of applying cloud computing in power system application is discussed,and a cloud computing resource management platform(CCRMP) is designed and implemented.The architecture of CCRMP and corresponding key technologies are researched,and the economic and management benefits brought by CCRMP are analyzed.By means of virtualization of server and storage,resource consolidation and modeling,resources allocation engine and so on,the heterogeneous resource consolidation on CCRMP,resource allocation on demand,dynamic online resource allocation,dynamic migration of application and workflow management is implemented.Combining with mirror technology of virtual machine CCRMP can back up the verification environment for the rapid deployment and data validation in the future.At present,CCRMP is practically applied in power system data recovery center and the problems to be faced with in the center are solved,and CCRMP makes data recovery business turning from original manual operation mode into standardized and automatic mode with IT support.


In the management of beef cattle breeding, estrus detection is especially important for improving productivity. Generally, pedometers have been used since the past few decades to measure the increase in momentum, which is likely to occur during estrus. Cattle are known to be social animals which take unique actions such as the approaching or mounting other cattle during estrus. However, the sociality of cattle has not been focused much on detecting estrus accurately. In this paper, we propose the method to detect estrus in relation to the approaching behavior between cattle. We extract the approaching behaviorbased on position information from GPS devices attached to the cattle. Our method focuses on moving direction to detect even small approaching actions with which the momentum may not increase clearly. Furthermore, we conducted an experiment based on the records of artificial insemination to examine the efficiency of our method. As a result, we verified some cases with a distinctive characteristic related to approaching behavior, which occurred during the days when the pregnancy was confirmed from the artificial insemination records.


This article aims to identify the appropriateness of classifying Islamic consumer behaviour (GPI) as a sub-discipline. To date, consumer behaviour (GP) is classified as a sub-discipline of marketing and such a classification is also extended to the GPI. Looking at the evolution of knowledge development on GP, especially GP from Islamic perspective or simply known as GPI, this classification should be given another consideration. GPI must stand on its own as a new discipline due to the different philosophical underpinnings of GPI as opposed to conventional understanding. While the existing classification of GP revolves around marketing context, the benefits of GP research are more focused on efforts to improve the service or product providers as opposed to consumers. The focus of the GPI should shift to a broader context (not limited to only the marketing discipline) with the aim of understanding the current reality and the ideal cases according to the shariah framework.


In this paper we conduct a comparisonstudyamongimproved normalized mutual information feature selection (INMIFS), normalized mutual information feature selection (NMIFS)and minimal-redundancy-maximal-relevance feature selection (mRMRFS)based on CBR approach in software cost estimation. In feature selection, relevance is a measurement of dependence between two features while redundancy is a measurement of the duplicated information among features in the same set. The INMIFS method applies normalized mutual information to calculate both the relevance and redundancy, and it is able to select an optimal subset of features to establish estimation model from the original set of features. We conduct the experiments with the International Software Benchmarking Standard Group (ISBSG) Release 8 data set and the Desharnais data set. The experiment results demonstrate that INMIFS method can obtain 0.49 and 0.28 in PRED (0.25) value in Desharnais and ISBSG R8 data set respectively, which means12.5% and 10.89% improvement over the NMIFS method and mRMRFS method.


Carter's posthumously published story "Ashputtle or The Mother's Ghost: Three Versions of One Story" (1987) foregrounds a preoccupation with anonymity in relation to the fairy-tale tradition, weaving together the genealogy of the Cinderella tale with questions of motherhood and generating allegory about culture and authorship. However, Carter's reiterative play is infused with irony, thus placing an impression of political will in tension with the instability of this trope. This article studies the potential impact of Carter's authorial postures on the reader and suggests implications for her place in the canon.


© Society for Disaster Medicine and Public Health, Inc. 2021. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19): Possible Psychological Effects and Necessary Actions


ABSTRACT In War and the Politics of Ethics, Maja Zehfuss asks, "Would we take the risk of engaging in the highly destructive practice of war on the basis of ethico-political judgements that are inevitably precarious?" Why would we decide to fight war if ethical limits have a fragile hold on the monstrosities that might be unleashed by largescale violence? Said differently, would we fight war if the ability to prevent atrocity is demonstrably tenuous? Examining both the technical and ethical calibration of bullets, in this essay argue that we would and do. War is precarious because it is inherently about decisions to do all sorts of pernicious things – of which killing other human beings is not just the distinctive act but done in distinctive ways.


As a kind of efficient and rapid developed surface processing technique, polishing technology is widely used to improve the surface quality in the precision manufacturing of aero-engine blisk blades. Since blisk blade polishing is a metal removal process which aims to produce smooth surfaces with very low surface roughness, it is difficult to achieve the optimum balance between high material removal rate and low surface roughness. To solve this problem, this study investigates the process parameter optimization to improve the material removal rate with high surface quality in the belt flapwheel polishing of TC4 aero-engine blisk blades. The experiment was designed by Box-Behnken design (BBD) theory of response surface methodology. Then the prediction model of material removal rate was built based on the linear regression analysis of experimental data. To improve material removal rate on the condition that surface roughness meets technical requirements, the single-objective constrained optimization problem was solved utilizing the Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) technique. Finally, the feasibility of this method was experimentally verified. This study provides a theoretical and experimental reference for the evaluation and improvement of material removal rate with good surface quality in TC4 blisk blade polishing process.


Iron and molybdenum are microelements which have a decisive effect on the amount of nitrogen fixed by legume plants. They are mainly necessary in the synthesis of nitrogenase. Cobalt also takes part in the process of biological reduction of N2. In order to determine the effect of Fe, Mo and Co on the amount of nitrogen fixed by fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.), a field experiment was conducted in the years 2005–2007 at the experimental station of the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. Nitrogen N enriched at 10.3 at % was applied in early spring as (NH4)2SO4 at 1.66g per 1m . Simultaneously with fodder galega (Galega orientalis Lam.), a plant unable to reduce nitrogen N2 was cultivated (spring barley – Hordeum sativum), which was also fertilised with N as (NH4)2SO4 with 10.3 at % enrichment. Upon harvesting the test plant in the budding phase (three cuts), samples were taken, dried and ground. Soil samples were also taken before each cut. Fe, Mo and Co content in soil and the plant was determined by the ICP-AES, following its dry mineralisation. Statistical calculations revealed significant differences in the content of iron, molybdenum and cobalt in the soil and in the plant. The soil contained the largest amount of iron, less cobalt and the smallest amount of molybdenum. The iron amount found in biomass of fodder galega lay within the optimum limits specifying the acceptable content of trace elements in fodder, whereas the molybdenum content was too high and that of cobalt was too low. The correlation coefficients indicate a significant relationship between the content of iron, molybdenum and cobalt in soil and the amount of nitrogen reduced biologically by Rhizobium galegae bacteria which live in symbiosis with fodder galega.


For the Rome III consensus criteria, the dyspepsia is defined as any pain or "discomfort" located in the central part of the superior abdomen and that it ...


(57) Abstract: method for preparing the ultrafine particles of the therapeutic or diagnostic drug comprises grinding in the presence of a therapeutic or rigid grinding media having an average particle size of less than or equal to about 75 microns diagnostic medicine. In a preferred embodiment, such grinding media is a polymeric resin. No unacceptable contamination by this method, extremely small particles are provided having the following dimensions, for example, 100 nanometers.


Ameloblastoma is a slow-growing and locally aggressive true neoplasm of enamel organ-type tissue which does not undergo differentiation to the point of enamel formation. It is most commonly seen in the posterior region of mandible, less commonly in anterior region, and rarely crossing the midline. It occurs in age ranging from 20 to 50 years with equal frequencies between sexes. It has a high recurrence rate due to its capacity to infiltrate marrow spaces with pseudopods without concomitant resorption of trabecular bone. As a result, the margins of the tumor are not clearly evident radiographically or grossly during operation, and the lesion frequently recurs after inadequate surgical removal. Here, we report a rare case of acanthomatous ameloblastoma present in a young male in the anterior mandibular region crossing the midline, along with an added emphasis on its review.


The invention relates to a rare-earth composite heat stabilizer for hard PVC (Polyvinyl Chloride). The heat stabilizer is a composite prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 5-40 parts of carboxylic acid and rare earth compound, 2-25 parts of calcium stearate, 15-40 parts of zinc stearate and 30-55 parts of pentaerythritol. The rare-earth composite heat stabilizer is a rare earth composite carboxylic heat stabilizer applicable to the hard PVC, not only can overcome the defects of large toxicity, poor heat stability in the preliminary stage, low speed and the like in the traditional heat stabilizer, but also has the advantages that the long-term stability and the preliminary stainability of the PVC are enhanced, the stabilizer is non-toxic and environmental friendly, the energy consumption is low, the using amount is small, costs are low, and the industrial application prospect is wide..


Transcoding in video live-streaming systems requires a lot of computation and, hence, a lot of power. Putting a limit on the power drawn by each of the transcoding processors in a server reduces the overall power consumption, but it also hinders the efficient allocation of transcoding tasks. We address this with a dynamic programming algorithm, together with a heuristic, which maximizes total processing capacity while limiting power consumption in a server with heterogeneous processors. A further greedy algorithm determines the bitrates, at which content is transcoded for each channel, and allocates transcoding tasks to processors, while taking video quality, popularity, and workload balance into account. The initial assumption is that all contents are transcoded to all bitrates for every channel. Then, the algorithm gradually reduces the number of versions to be produced by transcoding, while minimizing the consequent reduction in popularity-weighted video quality, as well as balancing the workload across processors. Experimental results show that our scheme improves aggregate popularity-weighted video quality under a power constraint by 3.82%–39.12%, compared to benchmark methods.


In this paper a wave absorbing method (WAM) is used to design a noncollocated controller for a smart structure. A long flexible beam with bonded distributed piezofilm sensors and piezoceramic actuator is considered as the smart structure in this study. Moment rate feedback using output current of piezosensors is used in the control system. The control criterion is the minimization of the ratio of total output to total input traveling waves of the sensing area. Thus the controller suppresses the traveling waves in the flexible structure, and consequently the vibration is damped with this controller. It is shown that the performance of the noncollocated wave absorbing controller (WAC) presented here is better than that of the corresponding collocated WAC. The frequency response of the controlled system shows that with longer piezosensors the performance of the noncollocated WAC improves.


Frictional contacts lead to the formation of a surface layer called the third body, consisting of wear particles and structures resulting from their agglomerates. Its behavior and properties at the nanoscale control the macroscopic tribological performance. It is known that wear particles and surface topography evolve with time and mutually influence one another. However, the formation of the mature third body is largely uncharted territory and the properties of its early stages are unknown. Here we show how a third body initially consisting of particles acting as roller bearings transitions into a shear-band-like state by forming adhesive bridges between the particles. Using large-scale atomistic simulations on a brittle model material, we find that this transition is controlled by the growth and increasing disorganization of the particles with increasing sliding distance. Sliding resistance and wear rate are at first controlled by the surface roughness, but upon agglomeration wear stagnates and friction becomes solely dependent on the real contact area in accordance with the plasticity theory of contact by Bowden and Tabor.


Poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks were prepared by using acid-catalyzed sol-gel of bis-[trimethoxysilylpropyl]amine (BisSi) and free radical polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA). The thermal properties of the poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks were investigated with differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The thermal behavior of these networks was also compared with homopolymers (The networks formed in both PHEMA and PBisSi gels were identified). The glass transition temperature (Tg) of PHEMA homopolymer was found as 103.74 °C. The thermal degradation of the poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks with different silica contents (e.g. 10, 15 and 25 wt%) were evaluated with use of DTG. It was observed that the thermal degradation temperature of poly(HEMA-BisSi) networks changed much with the BisSi content.


Design concept of a Pb-Bi cooled transmutation fast reactor, PEACER is the maximization of the Gen-IV design goals; proliferation resistance, transmutation capability, accident-tolerance, energy & environment sustainability and economics. To satisfy above objectives, core design has been changed since 1999 when the first design of PEACER was proposed.[1] Some of design features have been fixed to maintain the characteristics of PEACER reactor. A lead-bismuth coolant is circulating in a loop at the moderate temperature from 300 C to 400 C in order to reduce corrosion and erosion speed of core structure materials. A square lattice fuel assembly design is adopted to ensure a sufficient mass flow rate not only in normal operation but also in natural cooling under accidents. Core size was reduced from 50 cm high, flat pan-cake shape core to the smaller one as rated power was decreased from 1,560 MWt (850MWe) to 850 MWt (300MWe) to ensure a natural convection capability.[2] A metal fuel of (U,TRU)10%Zr is chosen because of high thermal conductivity. Cheap and small scale collocated pyro-processing is another feature of PEACER reactor complex. Recovery factors in reprocessing plant were controlled to dump low-level waste only to the repository within a level of USNRC class C.[3] In this paper, results from a parametric study were summarized. The objective of design optimization is to enhance a transmutation performance. Parameters were evaluated for the core average by standard codes, REBUS-3 and MCNP-4/c2. [4, 5]


Vikas, which means "village development," we have for a number of years struggled with a different question: how can one raise a village, not into maturity, but out of poverty and despair. We engage in activities aimed at improving the living conditions and economic standards among these impoverished and social marginalized people, particularly the area's indigenous groups, called adivasis; those belonging to India's lowest caste, known as dalits; small farmers; and landless laborers. Since I founded Gram Vikas with a group of friends thirty years ago we have experimented with a variety of approaches. Over time we came to understand that we can use water and sanitation projects as points of entry for whole-village development, which brings pride and dignity to the villagers' lives. By overcoming barriers of class, caste, and gender, we seek to nurture truly unified communities wherever we work. This then empowers and motivates the community to further develop themselves and thus start to take their destinies into their own hands and work to improve their lives. At Gram Vikas we base our activities on Mahatma Gandhi's vision of sustainable "village republics" as the foundation of India's political system. We seek to do this by developing institutional capabilities and harnessing resources to augment the economic strength of villages. Self-reliance and sustainable long-term development guide all our activities. We do not initiate any projects without the consent, support, and active participation of the communities themselves. We accomplish this during the initial phases of implementation through education, training, and participatory planning, and by establishing contributory village funds. This may seem counter-intuitive, at least in comparison to dominant development para-


The 1-pyrrolyl fumarate (5), prepared by condensation of 1-hydroxypyrrole (1a) with trans-3-(methoxycarbonyl)-acryloyl chloride (4), undergoes a facile interamolecular Diels–Alder reaction to give the product (6), the first intramolecular cycloaddition of a pyrrole.


Abstract Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have recently been regarded as potential therapeutic targets in vascular repair. The effects of EPCs are related to their incorporation at sites of vascular lesions and to their release of various angiogenic factors. It has been shown that soluble CD40 ligand (sCD40L) levels are elevated in patients suffering from cardiovascular disease, which may influence the function of EPCs. We have identified the expression of the inflammatory receptor CD40 on early EPCs and aimed to study the effect of its ligand, sCD40L, on the function of early EPCs in angiogenesis. Early EPCs derived from cultured peripheral blood mononuclear cells express CD40, and their stimulation with sCD40L increased the binding of the tumor necrosis factor receptor-associated factors, TRAF1, TRAF2, but not TRAF3, to CD40, indicating the existence of a functional signaling pathway via the CD40L/CD40 axis in early EPCs. Early EPCs alone do not display any tube formation potential on matrigel, but f...


This study investigated the effectiveness of CBI on the development of oral communicative competence and the causes of this development on a Medical English program in an English as a foreign language context. The participants were 16 Colombian university students between the ages of 17 and 22 from various semesters in their academic medical program. The instruments included classroom observations, learning journals, and interviews. The data was analyzed and categorized in light of the research questions. The analysis showed that students developed their oral and discourse skills in English in a relevant, challenging, and meaningful manner because the approach implemented was based on the integration of language and content. Through these materials that served as models for the students, they were able to activate their prior knowledge, lessen anxiety, raise their self-confidence and become motivated towards language learning.


Recent studies show that before the earthquake initiation, the high stress level reached within the seismogenic volume may generate dehydration of rocks and fluids migration along surrounding faulting systems and could be reflected by electrical conductivity changes. In this paper we investigate these changes of conductivity using ULF electromagnetic and geomagnetic data recorded at both Geodynamic Observatory Provita de Sus, located on the Carpathian electrical conductivity anomaly (CECA), at about 100km distance of Vrancea epicentral zone, and Geophysical Observatory Surlari taken as reference station. Using ground-based monitoring system (GMS 06 and MAG03 DAM electromagnetic and geomagnetic equipments, respectively), pos-sible anomalous variations of the electromagnetic normalized function (EMNF) have been surveyed, on the ULF range (f < 0.0166 Hz), in correlation with earthquakes with Mw > 4.0 triggered at the intermediate depth interval 70-160km, in seismic active Vrancea zone Subsequently, a methodology based on the correlation of the EMNF values (Bzn = Bz/Bperp and Ron = Ropar/Roz) selected according to temporal invariability criteria for a 2D geoelectric structure, in terms of non-seismicity, taking into consideration just their deviations from the electromagnetic pattern initially calculated, was elaborated. To have a compre-hensive view on the applied methodology, the daily mean distribution of the Bzn and Ron parameters in correlation with the Vrancea deep seismic events taken from the seismic bulletin of the National Institute for Earth Physics, occurred simultaneously, in 2010 year, are revealed. Finally, we have to conclude that with 7-10 days before an EQ with M > 4.0 occurred, the daily mean variation of the EMNF had anomalous behavior marked by a significant increase versus its standard deviation (EMNF > 2.5 STDEV), and the results illuminate triggering mechanism and may represent an important step toward earthquakes forecasting.


Insulation failure may occur due to aging in cable joint for high voltage overhead transmission. From the view point, this paper deals with the insulation diagnostics by measuring electromagnetic (EM) waves emitted by partial discharge (PD), which is precursory phenomenon of dielectric breakdown. The intensity and frequency spectra of PD radiated EM wave were measured with three different monopole antennas (MA) in three different frequency bands and a high frequency current transformer as a function of the distance between the antenna and PD source located in the cable joint. Experimental results revealed that difference in the arrival time between two MAs was estimated by changing the distance Δά of the three MAs located at 300, 600, and 900mm. It elucidated that the distance dependence of the PD signal can be acquired by the MA, and the method using the multi MAs provides an insight into diagnostics at the insulation failure in the cable joint.


Moringa oleifera seed extracts has been found to possesses antibacterial properties. In this research, the
antibacterial property of the defatted seed extract (after oil removal) was investigated against two gram-negative
bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudosomonas aeruginosa) and two gram-positive bacterial strains (Bacillus
subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus). Water and 1 Molar salt solution was used to prepare the defatted seed extracts.
Susceptibility tests were carried out using the agar well diffusion method. The effect of increase in concentration of
the seed extract was investigated and the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) as well as Minimum Bactericidal
Concentration (MBC) was also carried out. The results obtained showed that the diameter inhibition zone ranges
from 13mm to 30mm, increase in the seed extracts showed a corresponding increase in the inhibition of the
bacterial strains. The results also revealed that salt extract f the seed showed higher increase in the antibacterial
activity of the seed extract against the bacterial strains when compared with the water seed extract. MIC values of
defatted water seed extract obtained were 0.39mg/ml, 0.39mg/ml, 0.78mg/ml, and 0.78mg/ml for Escherichia coli,
Pseudosomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus respectively and MIC obtained for the
salt solution seed extract is 0.78mg/ml, 0.78mg/ml, 0.78mg/ml, 0.78mg/ml for Escherichia coli, Pseudosomonas
aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus respectively. The mode of attack of the seed extracts
show that it is strongly bactericidal against Escherichia coli, Pseudosomonas aeruginosa and bacteriostatic against
Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus
Key words: Moringa oleifera; antibacterial property; MIC; MBC


Under the background of economic globalization, economic and trade exchanges are increasingly close. While countries enjoy the dividends brought by the global economy, trade competition is also more intense. In order to protect their own economic and political interests, countries usually adopt the policies of trade liberalization or trade protection policy protectionism. The total economic volume of China and the United States is huge, so the trade frictions between the two countries will attract the attention of the world trade countries. The choice of trade policies between the two countries will also affect the economic level and economic and trade relations of both countries and even the development of the entire world economy. Therefore, from the perspective of game theory and international trade, this paper analyzes the choice of trade policy in world trade by calculating the Nash equilibrium in the choice of trade policy and the welfare changes caused by the implementation of tariffs. Through game theory analysis, the results show that trade protection and trade liberalization in world trade are both contradictory and coexist. In order to protect the development of their important industries, countries can adopt reasonable subsidy policies or protection policies to support them under the framework of WTO. However, countries should actively promote global economic governance and actively promote the development of multilateral trade and regional economy. It provides some ideas for the choice of trade policy in the context of trade war.


We present results from the MOSFIRE Deep Evolution Field survey on broad flux from the nebular emission lines Hα, [N ii], [O iii], Hβ, and [S ii]. The sample consists of 127 star-forming galaxies at 1.37 < z < 2.61 and 84 galaxies at 2.95 < z < 3.80. We decompose the emission lines using narrow and broad Gaussian components that we define as having FWHM < 275 km s−1 and FWHM > 300 km s−1, respectively, for both individual galaxies and stacks. For individual galaxies, broad emission is detected at >3σ in <10% of galaxies and the broad flux accounts for 10%–70% of the total flux. In the stacks, we find a slight increase in broad to narrow flux ratio with mass but note that we cannot reliably detect broad emission with FWHM < 275 km s−1, which may be significant at low masses. When placed on the N2-BPT diagram ([O iii]/Hβ versus [N ii]/Hα), the broad components of the stacks are shifted toward higher [O iii]/Hβ and [N ii]/Hα ratios compared to the narrow component. We compare the location of the broad components to shock models and find that the broad component could be explained as a shocked outflow, but we do not rule out other possibilities, such as the presence of an AGN. We discuss the possible consequences of shocked emission on the galaxy location in emission line diagnostic diagrams and calculation of SFR. We attempt to estimate the mass outflow rate/star formation rate, but caution that our results strongly rely on the assumptions regarding the physical properties of the outflow.


The invention relates to a method for operating an electrical installation on a motor vehicle (1) with at least one tire sensor (2 ', 2' ', 3', 3 '', 4 ', 4' ', 5', 5 '' ) in which leave one or more tire sensors measuring signals to an evaluation unit (6), wherein the evaluation unit thereupon evaluates the signals, whether they indicate the manipulation of a tire of the motor vehicle, and wherein the evaluation unit (6) upon detection of a tire manipulation control signals to a image pickup means (8, 9, 10, 15, 15 ') emits to receive images from the outside of the motor vehicle and / or to cause a permanent storage of images.


Use of a composition comprising a carrier (or diluent) pharmaceutical or cosmetic suitable and a sufficient amount of a compound of formula I: (see formula) wherein R1 is an alkyl, group of formula II: (See formula) and R2 is alkyl methyl group for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment and prevention of dermatological disorders in mammals.


This paper presents two case studies of data sets where the main inferential goal is to characterize time-varying patterns in model structure. Both of these examples are seen to be general cases of the so-called "partition problem," where auxiliary information (in this case, time) defines a partition over sample space, and where different models hold for each element of the partition. In the first case study, we identify time-varying graphical structure in the covariance matrix of asset returns from major European equity indices from 2006--2010. This structure has important implications for quantifying the notion of financial contagion, a term often mentioned in the context of the European sovereign debt crisis of this period. In the second case study, we screen a large database of historical corporate performance in order to identify specific firms with impressively good (or bad) streaks of performance.


The velocity profiles of O VI absorption lines of 24 stars, observed in early Copernicus surveys, have been compared with the line profiles of Si III (1206.51 A) and N II (1083.99 A). The velocity structures of the O VI lines appear to be correlated with those of the material in the lower ionization stages. We argue that the O VI absorption arises in the coronal gas of the conductive interface between hot gas, responsible for extended, soft X-ray emission, and cooler interstellar clouds. The velocity broadening of both sets of lines is attributed to motions of the cloud surfaces induced by pressure fluctuations in the interstellar medium.


In this paper, the zygotes of Spraus macrocephalus were used to test the short-term toxicity effects of selected PAHs (naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene) in in order to facilitate risk assessment of those compounds to the marine fishery environment. The results showed that the three PAHs could result in a series of toxicity effects on the incubation of zygotes, including cell division, the zygotes embryo development, and apparatus differentiation; and the stage of embryo forming was most sensitive. The relationship between the dose of the three PAHs and toxic effects is S-curve. The sensitive range of lethal concentrations of naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene are 5-9, 0.05-0.5, 0.05-0.4 mg/L respectively. The sensitive range of teratogenic concentrations of naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene are 0.01-4, 0.05-0.3, 0.05-0.3 mg/L respectively. The 48h LC50 of naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene are 6.95, 0.178, 0.118mg/L respectively. The 48h EC50 of naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene are 1.306, 0.115, 0.076mg/L respectively. In the three PAHs, Pyr is most toxic, then Phe and Nap to embryonic development, not only in mortality but also in abnormality. The ratio of LC50:EC50 of Nap, Phe and Pyr are 5.32, 1.55, 1.55 respectively. Nap has strong difference between mortality and abnormality toxicity, but Phe and Pyr has similar properties between mortality and abnormality.These data can fill in fish embryo toxicity data shortage of naphthlene, phenanthene and pyrene, and useful to improve aquatic environmental risk management.


The purpose of this study of public cooperation with the police in Japan is twofold: First, it draws on the legitimacy model to investigate the causal relationship between trust in and cooperation with the police in Japan, and explores how well the model fits the sample data. Second, it seeks to identify the determinant factors of public cooperation with the police in Japan. The key finding of the first analysis is that the legitimacy model does not seem to be sufficiently applicable to the Japanese data. The effects of the two key elements of police legitimacy—perceived duty toward and moral alignment with the police—on cooperation with the police were not significant. The findings of the second analysis show, rather, that gender, age, education, marital status, years of residence, and perceived sanctions are determinants of cooperation with the police. Among the findings, marital status and years of residence are worth our attention, given the results of the gender-specific analyses. Possible reasons for these results are discussed in consideration of various aspects of Japanese society, such as traditional gender role expectations.


Background/aim Alpha-1 antitrypsin (α1-AT) is a protease inhibitor that is largely released from liver cells. It inhibits neutrophil elastase and its deficiency increases the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The frequency of α1-AT deficiency has been reported with different prevalence rates in different parts of the world. The most common α1-AT variant causing α1-AT deficiency is the Pi*Z allele. In this study, we aimed to determine the frequency of the α1-AT genotypic variant in COPD patients in our country. Materials and methods In this study, 196 consecutive COPD patients admitted to our clinic were included. In addition to recording the demographic data of the volunteers, a dry drop of blood sample was taken from the fingertip for the SERPINA1 genotype study. Results One hundred and fifty-eight (80.6%) of the patients were male and the mean age was 56.92 ± 9.84 years. A variant in the SERPINA1 gene was detected in a total of 14 (7.1%) COPD patients. Pi*ZZ homozygous variant was detected in only 1 (0.51%) patient, while Pi*MZ was detected in 3 (1.53%) patients. The Pi*S variant was never detected. Various rare heterozygous variants were detected in 9 (4.6%) patients and a single point mutation was found in one (0.51%) patient. Serum α1-AT levels were significantly lower in patients with variants compared to the Pi*MM group (p < 0.001). Conclusion In this study, which investigated the genotypic α1-AT variant frequency in COPD patients for the first time in our country, we found that the percentage of homozygous Pi*ZZ patients was 0.51%, but when heterozygous α1-AT gene variant and single point mutation were included, the frequency was 7.1%. At the same time, while the Pi*S variant was never detected, rare variants were found more frequently than expected.


Planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) is used to characterize the complex flowfield of a unique fuel-lean, radially-staged, high pressure gas turbine combustor. PLIF images of OH are presented for two fuel injector configurations. PLIF images of NO, the first acquired at these conditions, are presented and compared with gas sample extraction probe measurements. Flow field imaging of nascent C2 chemiluminescence is also investigated. An examination is made of the interaction between adjoining lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) injectors. Fluorescence interferences at conditions approaching 2000 K and 15 atm are observed and attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) emissions. All images are acquired at a position immediately downstream of the fuel injectors with the combustor burning JP-5 fuel.


Before beginning with the subject proper of this lecture let me give you a few details of the historical development of the chemical work on penicillin and its organization. Work on the purification and the structure of penicillin was started at Oxford immediately after the extraordinary chemotherapeutic value of the compound had been established conclusively by our group. The initial chemical work was done by my colleague Dr. E. P. Abraham and myself in the Department of Pathology. Towards the end of 1942 we joined forces with Dr. W. Baker (now Professor of Organic Chemistry at Bris-tol) and Sir Robert Robinson. This group of chemists-Dr. Abraham, Dr. Baker, Sir R. Robinson and myself-have formed the nucleus of research workers whose efforts have led to the elucidation of the chemical structure of the penicillins and the synthesis of some of their degradation products. The success of this work has been due to the combined efforts of all the members of our group, and I should like you to regard me tonight merely as its representative. Shortly after the chemical work had been started at Oxford, a number of other British research centres, both academic and industrial, began similar studies. Of these I should like to mention in particular the Imperial College of Science whose group was under the leadership of Dr. Simultaneously with the work in England, American chemists began an intensive study of the structure of penicillin with the aim of quickly achieving a synthesis. This work was carried out on a very large scale, with something like 200 academic and industrial research chemists taking part in the project. Until May 1944 this work was entirely independent of the British effort, and we in Britain had no information about the state of the American investigations, except for a few fragmentary rumours. In 1943 the British and U.S. Governments imposed a ban on the publica


Despite the early access procedures for marketing authorization (MA) valid throughout the European Union still in the most of the Member states patient access to innovative medicines depends on cost-effectiveness, budget impact assessment and negotiations for price discount with the public payers. Retrospective analysis on the availability and time to market access of medicines authorized under the European medicines agency's specific procedures for early access shows that despite the shortening of the time to market access after 2013, for most medicines still exceeds 365 days. This is due to the fact that requirements for pricing and reimbursement across EU is fixed to some degree and medicines with MA for early access are subject to the same legal requirements as the medicines with standard centralized marketing authorization. Some specific national legal requirements for pricing and reimbursement decisions, population of interest and manufactures intentions to enter certain markets should also be considered.


Brands have evolved over time and today are seen not only as facilitators of transactions but also as human-like entities that consumers, engage, interact, experience and co-create meaning and value (Veloutsou and Guzm an, 2017). In principle, brands underpin the development of two different types of brand-centric relationships – individual and collective (Veloutsou, 2009). Consumers and brands may engage as independent entities and form a relationship that connects them, commonly called consumer brand relationships or, simply, brand relationships (Fournier, 1998; Veloutsou, 2007). In brand relationships, consumers often develop deep bonds with brands (Alvarez and Fournier, 2016), even in cases that they do not own the brand (Kumar and Nayak, 2019). Consumers may also try to identify other like-minded individuals, with similar brand related views and feelings, with whom they develop brand-centric collectives, sub-cultural groups, tribes or brand communities (Kozinets, 2001; Muñiz and O'Guinn, 2001; Cova and Pace, 2006; Badrinarayanan and Sierra, 2018). Members of brand-centric collectives spend time engaging around a brand, sharing information, enjoying and expressing themselves and their strong views of the brand (Cova and Pace, 2006;Wallace et al., 2014). The concept of brand relationships evolved from a research idea, to a research stream, into an entire research field within marketing. The conceptual work started over three decades ago when Shimp and Madden (1988) introduced the concept of consumer object relationship that was further conceptually developed by contributors such as Blackstone (1993) and Fajer and Schouten (1995). As in all evolving fields, the original conceptual work led first to an exploratory investigation of the phenomenon (Fournier, 1998; Ji, 2002), then its measurement (Aaker et al., 2004; Veloutsou, 2007), to a very rapid and sharp growth of the papers and the scope of the academic engagement. To date, thousands of academic articles have been published in the area (Fetscherin and Heinrich, 2015; Albert and Thomson, 2018; Fetscherin et al., 2019; Veloutsou and Ruiz-Mafé, 2020), and many concepts have been identified as, and associated to, descriptors of various forms of brand relationships (Albert and Thomson, 2018). In recent years, the concept also spanned to practitioners who developed and published measurement instruments related to brand relationships such as the Edelman's Trust Barometer [1], the Brand Index by YouGov [2], the Experience Brand Index [3] by Jack Morton, the Brand Affinity Report by Rakuten, the Brand Intimacy Study [4] by MBLM, the Loyalty Report [5] by Bond Brand Loyalty, Prophet's Brand Relevance Index [6], or the Brand Passion Report [7] by NetBase, just tomention a few. The exploratory work on the nature of collective or group brand relationships started about the same time as the exploratory work on individual consumer brand relationships (Kozinets, 2001; Muñiz andO'Guinn, 2001;McAlexander et al., 2002), and as then both have attracted a lot of academic interest. The literature on brand-centric communities is quickly expanding, focuses primarily on brand communities, and can be organised into two interrelated clusters: a cluster concentrating on the role of participation in brand communities in the creation of brand-related outcomes, and a cluster concentrating on the social interaction and drivers to participation in these brand-centric groups (Veloutsou and RuizMafé, 2020). Because brand-centric relationships require consumers to be active and highly involved participants for the formation and development of brand-centric groups, often brands actively try to help these relationships flourish with the likely or desired outcome of achieving brand-related benefits. Therefore, although brand communities may be created and managed by the companies behind the brands or by passionate consumers with specific views about the brand (Dholakia and Vianello, 2011; Pedeliento et al., 2020), most of the current research primarily focuses on company facilitated brand communities. The brand-centric relationships research started about 20years ago looking at concepts related to positive relationships. Individual brand relationships research started over 20years ago by looking at various degrees of positive relationship concepts such as brand satisfaction (Keiningham et al., 2014), brand attachment (Japutra et al., 2014), positive word of mouth (Keller, 2007), brand love (Batra et al., 2012), brand evangelism (Becerra and Badrinarayanan, 2013) and brand loyalty (Amine, 1998). Collective brand relationships research examines supportive brand communities and the positive brand outcomes they generate (Veloutsou and Ruiz-Mafé, 2020), non-supportive antibrand communities and their possible negative brand outcomes, and considers that collective and individual brand relationships are concurrent (Coelho et al., 2019; Dessart et al., 2020). Although the focus of brand-centric research is still mostly on positive relationships and outcomes (Albert andThomson, 2018; Veloutsou and Ruiz-Mafé, 2020), recent research also explores concepts related to negative brand relationships or feelings such as complaining (Huefner et al., 2002), brand avoidance (Lee et al., 2009; Knittel et al., 2016), brand retaliation (Thomson et al., 2012) or brand hate (Kucuk, 2010; Zarantonello et al., 2016, 2018; Hegner et al., 2017; Fetscherin, 2019). Recent research also explores the drivers and outcomes of participating in antibrand communities (Popp et al., 2016; Dessart et al., 2020; Rodrigues et al., 2020), how the nature of brand-centric relationships may change over time (Jain and Sharma, 2019;


A macroporous silicon photonic crystal is designed and optimized theoretically for its use in gas sensing applications and IR optical filters. Light impinges perpendicularly onto the sample surface (vertical propagation) so a three-dimensional (3d) structure is used. For gas sensing, a sharp resonance is desired in order to isolate an absorption line of the gas of interest. The high Q-factors needed mandate the use of a plane defect inside the PhC to give rise to a resonant mode inside the bandgap tuned to the gas absorption line. Furthermore to allow gas passage through the device, an open membrane is required. This can affect the mechanical resilience. To improve the strength of the photonic crystal the pores are extended after the "active" 3d part. The number of modulations, and the extension length have been optimized to obtain the largest Q-factor with reasonable transmitted power. These proposed structures have been experimentally performed, probing an enhancement of almost an order of magnitude in the Q-factor in respect with the basic case. Simulations considering CO2 have been performed showing that the proposed structures are promising as precise optical gas sensors.


Various patterning technologies of ZnO nanowire arrays,such as electron beam lithography,nanosphere lithography,laser interferometric lithography,nanoimprint lithography and block copolymer nanolithography,are reviewed.And the applications of patterned ZnO nanowire arrays in functional devices,such as sensors,UV detectors and solar cells,etc,are introduced.The advantages,values and problems in the preparation and application of patterned ZnO nanowire arrays are analyzed,and its development trend is previewed.


In July 2011, the government of New South Wales announced 'the biggest overhaul of the State's planning system in over 30 years' (O'Farrell 2013). What ensued was a comprehensive review process that culminated in October 2013 with the tabling in parliament of draft legislation outlining the state's new planning system. Elements of the NSW Planning Bill have been controversial, and as such the legislation remains in draft form and subject to considerable debate. Yet the Bill has one striking and novel characteristic that has quietly avoided scrutiny. In a first for land-use planning in Australia, it proposes 'health' as an objective of the new planning act. This paper reports the findings of a collaborative research project investigating how health issues were included in the 2011-2013 review of the NSW land-use planning system. Policy theory suggests that effective problem definition increases the probability of an issue progressing onto the policy agenda. We use a descriptive content analysis of submissions made to the review to explore how health, and issues known to impact health, were framed in submissions as problems for urban planning. We focus specifically on health-related agencies and a group of other randomly selected stakeholders. We found that only health agency submissions included health in any detail. 'Economic' issues and 'infrastructure' particularly transport and open space were areas where submissions overlapped. As a systematic case study, this paper provides novel insights as to how a review of planning legislation was influenced to consider health as a primary planning issue, and how health might be connected to other substantive issues in planning legislation and systems. State of Australian Cities Conference 2015


(1886). XXXVIII.—On the Molluscan fauna of the Gulf of Suez in its relation to that of other seas. Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 18, No. 107, pp. 380-397.


Public training base is the public service platform built by government for training highly skilled talents needed in industry.Also,it could supply practicing establishment setting training of technical skills,skills identification and vocational guidance in one for teachers and students to share resources through an open mode.It also leads to the upgrade of industry,technology development.In this article,the idea on how to build the base is considered,and the construction principles and mode are analyzed.It has significance for the construction,operation and management of the public training base.


Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic had an impact in several areas, and in scientific research was not different. Researchers are working from their homes since research facilities and universities were closed, and face-to-face interaction where limited to stop the virus spread. This brought a lot of changes in observational studies, especially in epidemiology research. Since most studies are being conducted through internet-based assessments, researchers are facing different challenges regarding data collection and participants recruitment, for example. In this paper, we share some of the challenges faced in a population-based study conducted in Southern Brazil, as well as possible alternatives to help researchers to overcome these issues.


Ultrasonic imaging is well suited for non-destructive detection and localisation of built-in parts and flaws in concrete elements. In order to effectively perform the large number of measurements needed for volume mapping, an automated ultrasonic measurement system for three-dimensional imaging of concrete elements has been developed. The system comprises an ultrasonic instrument, a three-axis mechanical scanner covering an area of 1,00 m × 0,80 m, and control and imaging software. Three-dimensional SAFT (Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique) reconstructions built from two-dimensional slices are available directly after the measurement. The system can be operated with different transducers and coupling options. To speed up measurement, a linear transducer array was developed consisting of 48 dry-coupled transducers in 16 groups. The transducers are electronically switched to replace mechanical movement in one scan direction by the electronic shift of a virtual transducer, achieving a speed improvement by a factor of 10. The contribution summarises ultrasonic wave propagation in concrete, explains the imaging system, and gives application examples measured at test specimens.


NetBSD is known as a very portable operating system, currently running on 44 different architectures (12 different types of CPU). This paper takes a look at what has been done to make it portable, and how this has decreased the amount of effort needed to port NetBSD to a new architecture. The new AMD x86-64 architecture, of which the specifications were published at the end of 2000, with hardware to follow in 2002, is used as an example.


This article has analyzed the usage and grammaticalization process of "he"(何).According to the examples used in the documentary,"he"(何) has two lexical categories: the question pronoun and the degree adverb,re-analysis is its important mechanism,the syntax environment is its premise.


Cytochrome P450–1B1 (CYP1B1) is a major enzyme catalyzing the formation of genotoxic 4-hydroxyestradiol. This enzyme is also involved in the activation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines, mammary carcinogens in experimental animals. CYP1B1 is genetically polymorphic, and the variations in the CYP1B1gene may be related to the risk of breast cancer. We evaluated this hypothesis among 186 breast cancer cases and 200 age-matched controls as part of a large population-based case-control study conducted in urban Shanghai during 1996 to 1998. Genomic DNA from cases and controls was analyzed for genetic polymorphism in codon 432 (Val3Leu) of the CYP1B1 gene using a PCR-RFLP-based assay. The frequency of the Leu allele was 53% in cases and 46% in controls (P 5 0.06). Compared with those with theVal/Val genotype, women with theLeu/Leu genotype had a 2.3fold [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.2–4.5] elevated risk of breast cancer after adjusting for potential confounding variables. This positive association was more pronounced among postmenopausal women (Odds ratio, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.0–9.1) than premenopausal women (OR, 1.9; 95% CI, 0.8–4.3). Elevated risks of breast cancer associated with homozygosity for theLeu allele were observed in virtually all subgroups of women defined by major risk factors for breast cancer. The results from this study were consistent with recent findings from in vitro and animal experiments implicating a potentially important role of CYP1B1 in the etiology of human breast cancer. Introduction CYP1B1 has been identified recently as one of the most important enzymes catalyzing the formation of 4-hydroxyestradiol (1, 2), a catechol estrogen metabolite that retains significant estrogenic activity (1, 2). This estrogen metabolite can also undergo metabolic redox cycling to generate potentially mutagenic free radicals that may damage DNA and other cell structures (2, 3). In the hamster kidney tumor model, 4-hydroxyestradiol has been shown to be carcinogenic, whereas 2-hydroxyestrogens, another major group of catechol estrogen metabolites, do not induce any tumor (2, 3). Although estrogen 4-hydroxylation is a relatively minor pathway in the liver for the formation of catechol estrogens, significant estrogen 4-hydroxylase activity has been observed in several extrahepatic estrogen target tissues (2–5), including human mammary epithelial cells (2–5). The activity of CYP1B1 was found to be higher in breast cancer than its adjacent normal tissue (6), suggesting that this enzyme may be involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer. Catechol estrogens, including 4-hydroxyestradiol, are metabolically inactivated by catecholO methyltransferase (COMT; Ref. 3). Recently, a variant COMT allele that is associated with reduced enzyme activity has been linked to elevated risk of breast cancer in several epidemiological studies (7–9), including our study among Chinese women in Shanghai (9). This suggests further that 4-hydroxyestradiol, and thus its metabolic enzyme CYP1B1, may be involved in the etiology of breast cancer. In addition to catalyzing the formation of 4-hydroxyestradiol, CYP1B1 has also been shown to be involved in the metabolic activation of certain environmental procarcinogens, including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heterocyclic aromatic amines (10, 11), potent mammary carcinogens in experimental animals (12–14). In some experiments, CYP1B1 has been shown to be even more active than CYP1A1 in the activation of several polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to genotoxic intermediates (11). The expression of the CYP1B1gene in human breast epithelial cells suggests that this enzyme may play an important role in the in situ activation of both environmental carcinogens and endogenous estrogens. The CYP1B1gene is located in chromosome 2p21-p22 and contains three exons (15–17). The entire coding sequence of the genes, however, is contained in exons 2 and 3 (15–17), and exon 3 encodes the heme-binding region of the enzyme (18). A G-to-C transversion at exon 3 was reported to result in a valine (GTG) to leucine (CTG) substitution in codon 432 (17). This change creates an Eco57I restriction site, making detection of this polymorphism in large epidemiological studies cost efficient. Prompted by the discovery of this easily identifiable polymorphism and findings from recent laboratory studies showing an important role of CYP1B1 in the metabolic activation of estrogens and environmental mammary carcinogens, we evaluated the relation betweenCYP1B1genotype and breast cancer risk in a subset of women who participated in the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study. Received 3/31/99; revised 11/2/99; accepted 11/30/99. The costs of publication of this article were defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. This article must therefore be hereby marked advertisementin accordance with 18 U.S.C. Section 1734 solely to indicate this fact. 1 Supported in part by USPHS Grant R01-CA64277 from the National Cancer Institute. 2 To whom requests for reprints should be addressed, at School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, 15 Richland Medical Park, Suite 301, Columbia SC 29203. Phone: (803) 434-1612; Fax: (803) 434-1626. 3 The abbreviations used are: CYP1B1, cytochrome P450–1B1; OR, odds ratio; CI, confidence interval; ER, estrogen receptor; PR, progesterone receptor. 147 Vol. 9, 147–150, February 2000 Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention Research. on September 30, 2017. © 2000 American Association for Cancer cebp.aacrjournals.org Downloaded from Materials and Methods The Shanghai Breast Cancer Study is a population-based casecontrol study conducted among Chinese women in Shanghai, the largest city on the east coast of China with a population of over six million residents (19). This study was designed to recruit all eligible breast cancer cases who were 25 to 64 years of age and newly diagnosed with breast cancer during the period of August 1996 to March 1998, as well as a representative random sample of controls from the general population. All cases and controls were permanent residents of urban Shanghai who had no prior history of cancer and were alive at the time of interview. Through a rapid case-ascertainment system, supplemented by the population-based Shanghai Tumor Registry, 1602 eligible breast cancer cases were identified during the study period, and in-person interviews were completed for 1459 (91%) of them. The major reasons for nonparticipation were refusal (109 cases, 6.8%), death prior to interview (17 cases, 1.1%), and inability to locate (17 cases, 1.1%). Cancer diagnoses for all patients were confirmed by two senior study pathologists through the review of tumor slides. Controls were randomly selected from the female general population and frequency-matched to cases by age (5-year intervals). The number of controls in each age-specific stratum was determined in advance according to the age distribution of the incident breast cases reported to the Shanghai Tumor Registry during 1990–1993. The Shanghai Resident Registry, which keeps registry cards for all adult residents in urban Shanghai, was used to randomly select controls. For each age-predetermined control, a registry card identifying a potential control of the same 5-year age group was randomly selected. Only the women who lived at the address during the study period were considered to be eligible for the study. In-person interviews were completed for 1556 (90.3%) of the 1724 eligible controls identified. Reasons for nonparticipation included refusal (166 controls, 9.6%) and death or a prior cancer diagnosis (2 controls, 0.1%). A structured questionnaire was used to elicit detailed information on demographic factors, menstrual and reproductive history, hormone use, dietary habits, prior disease history, physical activity, tobacco and alcohol use, weight, and family history of cancer. All participants were also measured for their current weight, circumferences of the waist and hip, and sitting and standing heights. Among those who completed the inperson interviews, blood samples, 10 ml from each woman, were collected using EDTA or heparin Vacutainer tubes from 1193 (82%) cases and 1310 (84%) controls. These samples were processed on the same day at the Shanghai Cancer Institute, and buffy coats (WBCs) for each participant were aliquoted into two 2-ml vials and stored 270°C. Only a subset of subjects (200 cases and 200 controls) was included in the current study to better use the limited funds available for this substudy. With this sample size, we had 85% statistical power to detect a 2-fold or higher risk of breast cancer for factors with a 20% frequency (type 1 error, 0.05, two-sided). The subjects included in this study were primarily from those who were recruited in the early phase of the Shanghai Breast Cancer Study, because the genotyping work was initiated prior to the completion of the main study. Fourteen patients with a diagnosis of benign breast disease were accidentally included in the initial case group and were subsequently excluded from the analysis. Genomic DNA for cases and controls was extracted from buffy coat fractions using the method described previously (20). Briefly, frozen WBCs were thawed at the room temperature and then digested overnight at 55°C in 500ml lysis buffer [50 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.5), 1 mM EDTA, 0.2% SDS, and 200 mg/ml proteinase K]. The digestion was precipitated directly with isopropanol, and the pellets were washed with 70% ethanol. The genomic DNA pellets (50–100 mg) were dissolved in 300–800ml of Tris-EDTA buffer. Genomic DNA (10–100 ng) was used for each PCR reaction. CYP1B1genotypes were determined using a PCR-RFLPbased assay. According to the published sequence of the human CYP1B1 gene, we designed two primers (forward, 5 9TCACTTGCTTTTCTCTCTCC; reverse, 5 9-AATTTCAGCTTGCCTCTTG) to amplify a 650-bp fragment of exon 3. The PCR reactions were performed on Perkin-Elmer Gen


The severe asymmetric wing damage poses a significant threat to the safety of the flight. To improve the accuracy of damaged aircraft diagnoses, this paper designs a fault diagnosis system based on the Unscented Kalman Filter for wing-damaged aircraft. First, a variable center-of-gravity wing-damaged aircraft model is established by using the non-center of mass method. Then, the Unscented Kalman Filters are designed for the aircraft under the normal and wing damage conditions respective, and the probability of faults is calculated through the Bayesian posterior criterion. Finally, the effectiveness of designed fault diagnosis system is demonstrated, whose results show that it has high accuracy and real-time performance and can achieve satisfied fault diagnosis effects.


The objective of this article is to present evidence for the existence of seasonal variability in sea surface height (SSH) anomaly in the Agulhas Retroflection region. TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data are used to estimate seasonal changes in the mesoscale SSH variability. There is a seasonal oscillation of SSH variability characterized by a maximum during the austral summer and a minimum during the austral winter. The amplitude of this seasonal change is approximately 30% of its mean value. During the winter season the spatial distribution of SSH variability resembles that of the annual mean variability, with relative maxima centered at approximately 18°E, 27°E and 38°E. During the summer there is an additional maximum which extends from approximately 20°E to 25°E and from 40° to 42°S. Analysis of longitude‐time diagrams reveals that at low latitudes planetary waves propagate freely throughout the basin. Along the latitude of the Agulhas Retroflection region, the East Madagascar Ridge hampers the westward propagation of planetary waves. It is speculated that the difference between summer and winter patterns is caused by an inertially driven bifurcation of the Agulhas Current.


When water injection method is used to maintain reservoir pressure in the oil deposit extraction, the enhanced oil recovery depends to a considerable degree on the sweep completeness of oil-producing formation. Sweep efficiency depends on many factors, in particular, on the features of technological oil field development and numerous factors of different scales, associated with the field's geological structure and particular rock structure. In case of the lack of fracturing, the direction of injected water flows in the formation is determined by the direction of predominant rock pore channels. It can be explained by different pore orientation in different directions. Thus, there is an anisotropy factor. The anisotropy of filtration properties in vertical and horizontal directions of sediment rocks is well known [1]. Such anisotropy is characteristic for all sediment rocks. In general, it is associated with sediment accumulation, secondary transformations during the process of catagenetic changes and the impact of rock pressure. The anisotropy effect is clearly seen in petrophysical studies in different permeability factor values measured in parallel or normally to bedding. It is shown [18, 19] that in general, anisotropy has a tensor behaviour, appearing both in vertical and horizontal directions. Hence, the analysis of lateral anisotropy is of special interest. The anisotropy of filtration properties occurs also in carbonate rocks and, as a rule, is associated with fracturing [2]. However, when there is no fracturing in carbonate rocks, the effect of anisotropy of filtration properties is practically always present. It is particularly revealed in large-pore and cavernous interlayers. In plans of deposit development, vertical-horizontal filtration anisotropy is taken into account on the basis of geophysical data and petrophysical core studies. The azimuth anisotropy is poorly studied and due to the complexity of its evaluation it is not usually taken into account.


B-events are matters which are better known to listeners than to speakers. This paper studies the detectives' use of B-event statements in two different environments in their interactions with suspects/witnesses. The first type of environment are relatively co-operative sequences during which the aim is the reconstruction of events and constructing the record; here, B-event statements are realised as confirmation seeking questions. The second type of environment, a hostile interactional environment, is composed of argumentative sequences in which detectives aim to determine who are the perpetrators of crimes; in these sequences, the detectives' B-event statements are realised as accusations. While performing the two activities, the detectives signal different epistemic levels and stances at the turn level. Thus, the former B-event statements are mostly epistemically downgraded, while the latter are mostly upgraded, in order to facilitate undertaking these different activities during police questioning.