We introduce crowded-field integral field (3D) spectrophotometry as a useful technique for the study of resolved stellar populations in nearby galaxies. The spectroscopy of individual extragalactic stars, which is now feasible with efficient instruments and large telescopes, is confronted with the observational challenge of accurately subtracting the bright, spatially and wavelength-dependent nonuniform background of the underlying galaxy. As a methodological test, we present a pilot study with selected extragalactic planetary nebulae (XPNe) in the bulge of M31, demonstrating how 3D spectroscopy is able to improve the limited accuracy of background subtraction that one would normally obtain with classical slit spectroscopy. It is shown that because of the absence of slit effects, 3D spectroscopy is a most suitable technique for spectrophometry. We present spectra and line intensities for five XPNe in M31, obtained with the MPFS instrument at the Russian 6 m Bolshoi Teleskop Azimutal'nij, INTEGRAL at the William Herschel Telescope , and PMAS at the Calar Alto 3.5 m telescope. The results for two of our targets, for which data are available in the literature, are compared with previously published emission-line intensities. The three remaining PNe have been observed spectroscopically for the first time. One object is shown to be a previously misidentified supernova remnant. Our monochromatic Hα maps are compared with direct Fabry-Pérot and narrowband filter images of the bulge of M31, verifying the presence of filamentary emission of the interstellar medium in the vicinity of our objects. We present an example of a flux-calibrated and continuum-subtracted filament spectrum and demonstrate how the interstellar medium component introduces systematic errors in the measurement of faint diagnostic PN emission lines when conventional observing techniques are employed. It is shown how these errors can be eliminated with 3D spectroscopy, using the full two-dimensional spatial information and point-spread function (PSF) fitting techniques. Using 3D spectra of bright standard stars, we demonstrate that the PSF is sampled with high accuracy, providing a centroiding precision at the milliarcsecond level. Crowded-field 3D spectrophotometry and the use of PSF fitting techniques is suggested as the method of choice for a number of similar observational problems, including luminous stars in nearby galaxies, supernovae, QSO host galaxies, gravitationally lensed QSOs, and others.


The article presents the results of the Volga oil shale study in the territory of Tatarstan and the Ulyanovsk region. It is shown that shales are polymineral rocks of complex composition. The main valuable component is organic matter (kerogen), formed from the products of aquabionts fossilization. Ash components are represented by clay minerals, clastic fragments of mineral grains, calcareous fragments of organic residues, and diagenetic pyrite. Organic matter has a complex structure. The predominant fractions are light and medium hydrocarbons boiling out in the temperature range 150-560°C. In smaller amounts, heavy fractions are present, which are released at temperatures of 560-620°C. The heat capacitance of oil shale ranges from 1607 to 9052 J/g. Loss of shale mass can range from 18.0 to 25.0% of the original sample. According to the summary valuable and genetic indicators, the Volga oil shale belongs to the humus-sapropel type; low-calorie in heat of combustion terms; polysulphide in terms of sulfur content; aluminosilicate-carbonate in terms of the prevalence of oxides in ash.


Abstract
Purpose – In this chapter, I present a systematic discussion of the relationship between social work (SW) and library and information science (LIS) and explore how SW can contribute to the education of LIS practitioners so that they become more than information facilitators and grow professionally to be true agents of change.

Design/Methodology/Approach – Using engagement with immigrant communities as a case in point and building on the empirical comparative study of public librarians in the Greater Toronto Area and New York City, I outline the current gaps and deficiencies of LIS curricula that can be rectified through blended education. I also integrate the potential contributions of SW into LIS through the case study of an immigrant member of a library community.

Findings – Building on the case study, I introduce a four-tiered model that can be applied to a wide array of courses in LIS programs and conclude with suggestions for taking steps toward blending SW perspectives into the LIS curriculum.

Originality/Value – I position the potential fusion of SW and LIS as "professional blendedness," which serves as a catalyst for change, and also examine the concept of the blended professional as a change agent. I introduce the rationale for adopting theoretical, practical, and pedagogical approaches from SW in the field of LIS and focus on four specific contributions that can most benefit LIS:

the person-in-environment approach;

the strengths perspective and empowerment;

the interrelated notions of cultural competence, diversity, and intersectionality; and

the theory-mindedness approach (including theory and practice models).


Domain specific software architecture aims at software reuse through construction of domain architecture reference model. The constructed reference model presents a set of individual components and their interaction points. When starting on a new large software project, the design engineer starts with pre-constructed model, which can be easily browsed and picks up opportunities of use in the new solution design. This report discusses application of domain reference design methods by deriving domain specific reference architecture for a product ordering system in a design center. The product in this case is instock and special order blinds from different manufacturers in a large supply store. The development of mature domain specific reference software architecture for this domain is not the objective of this report. However, this report would like to capture the method used in one such process and that is the primary concern of this report. This report lists subjective details of such a process applied to the domain of ordering custom and instock blinds from a large home construction and goods supply store. This report also describes the detailed process of derivation of knowledge models, unified knowledge models and the reference architecture for this domain. However, this domain model is only partially complete which may not be used for any real applications. This report is a result of a course project undertaken while studying this methodology.


Reports of larch dwarf mistletoe parasitizing alpine larch are based on two collections of this host/parasite combination made by J.R. Weir in Montana during the early 1900s. Examination of host material from these collections indicates that the host is western larch, not alpine larch as previously reported. Attempts to locate larch dwarf mistletoe on alpine larch were unsuccessful, leaving no valid reports of larch dwarf mistletoe on alpine larch.


Signal control can reduce traffic delay and improve traffic safety. But when the vehicle meets with red light, it must stop at intersection to wait green light. Coordinated signal control can improve the continuity of vehicular traffic flow movement and reduce delay. Coordinated signal setting is based on platoon dispersion prediction. Thus, improving prediction accuracy can obtain significant benefit for signal coordination. The paper bases on support vector regression to predict platoon dispersion and compares prediction accuracy with Robertson formula.


In order to explore the transient characteristics of a prototype centrifugal pump during startup period,the variations of the external performance of the pump are recorded in experiments at different discharge valve openings,and then the non-dimensional parameters of the flow rate and head are also used to analyze the transient behavior.The result shows that the rise characteristic of the rotational speed is not basically changed by working points,which mainly depends on the startup characteristics of the driving motor.Compared with the rapid rise of the rotational speed,the rising speed of the flow rate is relatively low at the beginning of the startup.Moreover,the flow rate lags behind the rotational speed to rise to final stable value,and the delay becomes more severe as the discharge valve opening increases.In the range of smaller valve opening,the pressure impact shows decrease tendency as the discharge valve opening increases;while in the range of higher valve opening,the pressure impact shows increase tendency as the discharge valve opening increases.There generally exists the shaft power impact phenomenon in the process of startup.The non-dimensional analysis shows that the non-dimensional instantaneous head is of extremum at the very beginning of startup,and quickly falls to the minimum,then gradually rises to final value.The non-dimensional instantaneous flow rate always shows a rise trend during whole startup period.It is found that the quasi-steady assumption can not be used to accurately assess the transient flow during startup period.


An analysis of valid clock rates in wavepipelined circuits using a technique called timed Boolean functions is presented. It is shown that the valid intervals for the clock period can be disconnected. Thus, it is insufficient to known only the minimum valid clock period in guaranteeing proper operation of pipelined circuits. Analytic expressions for the valid clock intervals in terms of both topological delay and two-vector longest and shortest delays are provided. Also uncertainties arising from manufacturing are taken into account. Some potential difficulties in computing the exact valid clock intervals are illustrated by demonstrating discontinuity and nonmonotonicity of the harmonic number H( tau ) (the number of valid simultaneous data waves allowed) as a function of the clock period tau .<<ETX>>


In routine rhinoplasty, postoperative splinting of the nose is an essential part of the treatment. Any change of dressing or displacement of the nasal splint may result in inefficient healing and may cause discomfort for the patient.1 Particularly with plaster or gypsum splints, the sides of the splint may come into contact with the patient's eyes, …


In a Western culture where almost all things are relative, and claims of truth can be proclaimed continuously to no avail; a life immersed in living with God through the principles of his kingdom, filled with his promised presence, will stand out as radically different from those around it. Filled with this power and hope such a life will hold an attraction to many people seeking for an authentic and transformational spiritual experience. If that life is also partnered with God in his mission of redemption it will be overruling the powers of Satan and sin wherever it is confronted (Matt 16:18-19), which will draw many to want to know Jesus in the same way. This is the way God's kingdom works. It is also the intention underlying the growing movement of missional churches and communities within and without the Seventh-day Adventist Church. Much of this important discussion for the church arises out of Leslie Newbigin's experience of returning home to England after three decades of missionary service in India and recognizing that most people in society were finding the Christian church irrelevant to everyday life. Alan Roxburgh says Newbigin realized "the once mission-sending nations of the West were in need of a radical re-missionizing" (Roxburgh and Boren 2009:9). Newbigin's response to this can be seen in his works such as The Open Secret: Introduction to a Theology of Mission; The Gospel in a Pluralist Society; The Household of God; and Sign of the Kingdom. He and many others such as Darrell Guder, Reggie McNeal, Alan Hirsch, Alan Roxburgh, M. Scott Boren, and Eddie Gibb have been instrumental in defining the paradigm of "re-missionizing" the West. Through their work certain characteristics have arisen which help to define the missional church. The missional church is not about the church, but about God and what he is already doing in the world. The missional church is God's people understanding that "God is up to something in the world that is bigger


Traffic congestion has become a global concern due to continuous increase in traffic demand and limited road capacity. The ability to predict traffic congestion propagation, which depicts the spatiotemporal evolution of the congestion scenario, is essential for developing smart traffic management systems and enabling road users to make informed route choices. In this work, we study the behavior of congestion propagation at the road segment level, and leverage this to develop a novel machine learning framework that characterizes and predicts the congestion evolution among different road segments in the traffic network. In particular, our framework can infer the likelihood of congestion propagation between any pair of road segments through single or multiple propagation paths. The proposed framework relies on a network embedding module to learn a representation for each road segment, and a propagation model which calculates the congestion propagation likelihood based on the learned representations. Specifically, an asymmetric embedding of local proximity and global tendency (AE-LPGT) is relied upon for learning low dimension embeddings of the road segments which incorporate various realistic properties of congestion propagations, such as the local proximity property, global propagation tendency, and asymmetric transitivity of congestion propagations. Experimental results with Singapore traffic data show that our method significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art, and the congestion propagation properties in our embeddings have significant impact on the prediction performance.


In order to completely diagnose faults in smart substations and improve the reliability of them, this paper proposes a comprehensive fault diagnosis technology based on the analysis of packet protocol, network topology,communication relationship and audit data. The technology integrates the substation protocol analysis, SNMP-based fault diagnosis, active detection, fault cause analysis and location technology. Simulation results show that this technology can quickly locate faults in substations, and help operation and maintenance personnel in diagnosis and troubleshooting.


(57) Abstract: Acute, discloses a pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of chronic and / or neuropathic pain. The pharmaceutical composition is comprised of a therapeutically effective combination and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier nicotine receptor partial agonist and an analgesic. Analgesics, opioid analgesics, NMDA antagonists, substance P antagonists, COX1 and COX2 inhibitors, tricyclic antidepressants (TCA), selective serotonin re-reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), capsaicin receptor agonists, anesthetic agents, benzodiazepines, skeletal muscle relaxants, migraine therapeutic agents, anti-convulsants, anti-hypertensive agents, anti-arrhythmic drugs, antihistamines, steroids, is selected from caffeine, as well as botulinum toxin. Methods of using such compounds, as well as acute in mammals, including humans, a method of treating chronic and / or neuropathic pain and migraine also disclosed.


The "sticky particles" model at the discrete level is employed to obtain global solutions for a class of systems of conservation laws among which lie the pressureless Euler and the pressureless attractive/repulsive Euler–Poisson system with zero background charge. We consider the case of finite, nonnegative initial Borel measures with finite second-order moment, along with continuous initial velocities of at most quadratic growth and finite energy. We prove the time regularity of the solution for the pressureless Euler system and obtain that the velocity satisfies the Oleinik entropy condition, which leads to a partial result on uniqueness. Our approach is motivated by earlier work of Brenier and Grenier, who showed that one-dimensional conservation laws with special initial conditions and fluxes are appropriate for studying the pressureless Euler system.


The utility model relates to a full-automatic self-cooing direct heating type hot-blast stove. The full-automatic self-cooing direct heating type hot-blast stove adopts the technical scheme that the full-automatic self-cooing direct heating type hot-blast stove comprises an automatic burner and a blower, the full-automatic self-cooing direct heating type hot-blast stove is characterized in that a double-layer sleeve structure is arranged in a main body, an inner cavity of an inner barrel forms a combustion chamber, the front portion of the combustion chamber is provided with a high temperature air current outlet, a hollow cavity between the outer barrel and the inner barrel forms a blast channel, the mixing chamber is communicated with the combustion chamber and a blast channel, a baffle plate is arranged between the blast channel and the mixing chamber, the automatic burner is communicated with the combustion chamber through a pipeline, a taper baffle body is arranged in the inner barrel, the blower is communicated with the blast channel, a hot air outlet is arranged on the main body, and one end of the hot air outlet is provided with a fan. The full-automatic self-cooing direct heating type hot-blast stove has high heat efficiency, high safety, stable hot air quality, low cost, stable temperature, high production efficiency, wide fuel using range, and environment protection.


ABSTRACT Economists receive high social recognition in media, politics and business discourses where they often obtain a status as 'star economists' and 'financial prophets'. This paper investigates the social conditions that make the formation of size in the economic sciences possible. It analyses the institutional constraints, professional networks, forms of academic knowledge and publication strategies of early career economists as part of an academic dispositif. A position of 'size' is achieved when academics take a privileged scientific discourse position via publications, presentations and various evaluation reports for journals, funds and other academic institutions. To understand the formation of privileged academic discourse positions, we need to investigate the entire construction processes that start already at the earlier phases of the professional biography. Based on narrative-biographical interviews with economists in UK and Germany, this paper will focus on four sorts of resources that are analysed as 'biographical discourse capital'. Biographical resources as 'discourse capital' are mobilised by early career researchers to solve practical problems in their daily life. The paper shows how specific tacit and conceptual knowledge interact with access to professional networks in order to find a 'proper topic' that help young economists to finally publish an A+ or 'Four* ' paper.


Objective We examined the prevalence and risk factors of vertebral fracture in female Japanese patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods We performed lateral radiographs of the thoracic and lumbar spine and bone mineral density (BMD) measurements and collected demographic, lifestyle, clinical, and treatment characteristics of 52 SLE patients. Vertebral fractures were defined as a [20 % reduction of vertebral body height. Odds ratios (ORs) and their 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) were computed to assess the strength of associations between vertebral fractures and selected factors among SLE patients. Results At least one vertebral fracture was detected in 50 % of SLE patients. A history of previous bone fracture was significantly associated with an increased risk of vertebral fractures among SLE patients (adjusted OR = 14.8, 95 % CI = 1.62‐134; P = 0.017). Daily use of tea or coffee was marginally associated with a decreased risk of vertebral fractures among SLE patients (adjusted OR = 0.11, 95 % CI = 0.01‐1.01; P = 0.051). Conclusion The high prevalence of vertebral fracture in SLE patients (50 %) indicates that we need to assess the lateral spine radiograph in more female Japanese SLE patients regardless of BMD and use of corticosteroids, although additional studies are warranted to confirm the findings suggested in this study.


Abstract Adaptive management is a way for managers to do their jobs in the face of uncertainty and learn by doing. Managers gain greater knowledge of their systems by testing different strategies during the management process. The term "adaptive management" is used often, but there is confusion about exactly what adaptive management is, and managers are hard-pressed to find any clear guidelines for implementing it. As a result, they can find the process of moving from the concept of adaptive management to the actual practice intimidating; they need a clear understanding of adaptive management before they can begin to use it. Luckily, adaptive management is not as complicated as the literature sometimes makes it appear. The process of adaptive management involves formulating questions, selecting alternative techniques to test these questions, and testing these techniques on the landscape. Care is taken to measure those system responses that best tell whether the system is moving toward site objectives, and results are fed back into the decision process. We argue that there are 2 strategies that can be used to improve the success of adaptive management. The first is to start with a simple adaptive management plan and then add complexity over time. The second is to include researchers in all stages of the process to benefit from their expertise in ecology, experimental design, and data analysis. Although adaptive management takes time, rewards include increased understanding of the system, a management program that is scientifically valid, and a management strategy tailored to a particular site. In this paper we briefly explain adaptive management and then offer a step-by-step process for developing and implementing adaptive management in small reserves or on private lands. We believe increased understanding of adaptive management will lead to its widespread use and will ensure that more people benefit from its strengths.


Article history: Received 6 February 2017 Received in revised form 21 April 2017 Accepted 18 May 2017 We carried a study of comparison for the gender classification methods for finding their pros and cons. The main primary contributions are comparable and comprehensive results for the classification of gender methods and combined with real-time automatic detection of face. Our research is focus on highlighting the limitations and strengths of different gender classification techniques by taking an overview of some major problems. Several areas of future research have been presented in this paper.


Low pressure superheated H2-steam appears to be an interesting alternative to pressurized water environments, since it is capable of performing accelerated environmentally assisted cracking (EAC) experiments for nickel base and stainless steel alloys. Constant Extension Rate Tensile (CERT) tests were performed with strain rates of 2 × 10−6 or 2 × 10−8 ms−1 at 350, 400, 440 and 480 °C on flat tapered specimens of Type 316L austenitic stainless steel. The tapered shape allows the determination of crack initiation over a range of stresses and strains simultaneously on one specimen and therefore the threshold stress value was obtained. The environment was 6 times more oxidizing than the dissociation pressure of NiO. The acquired mechanical properties are summarized and threshold stresses for EAC crack initiation are evaluated.


This volume covers developments in the design and implementation of signal processing systems. Theoretical aspects as well as application-orientated research activities in the signal processing field are discussed.


The aim of the study was to compare the associations between workplace violence and patient safety behaviour between male and female nursing interns.


The preliminary results of on-going research in Burkina Faso, undertaken in collaboration with the University of Ouagadougou, suggest that the lack of titled land and land markets does not necessarily imply serious economic disadvantages, such as little investment or low productivity, and that the transaction costs of moving from a traditional to a modern system of land tenure would be far higher than if old arrangements continued to operate.


Abstract : The Liouville equation is solved for a diatomic gas in molecular chaos. Modelling the gas molecule as a rigid rotor yields a Boltzmann type equation in eleven independent variables. Applying Enskog's expansion method of solution to the Boltzmann type equation and substituting the first two terms of the distribution equations produces the equivalent of the Navier Stokes equations in five space. The resulting stress tensor predicts the development of periodic stresses approximately ten orders of magnitude smaller than the shear stresses. Other predictions agree closely with experiment and statistical thermodynamics. Keywords: Statistical Mechanics.


Rigid length limits of short messages greatly restrict users' ability to express ideas intelligibly. While data compression can help by enabling greater expressivity in short messages, most work in compression has focused on managing large streams of data instead of small ones. We investigated the potential for preset dictionaries to unleash zlib's ability to compress short messages typical of Short Message Service (SMS) texts, microblog updates, and other single-packet transactions. This paper proposes two preset dictionary generation methods and reports strong test results across two dissimilar text corpora: the Enron database of email messages, and the IEEE VAST Challenge 2011 microblog corpus. For exchanges in English using our proposed methods, it is possible to extend "tweets" from 140 to 197 septets on average, and to extend SMS texts from 160 to 227 septets on average. The preset dictionary's role is as important as zlib's, and each requires the other to obtain these gains.


Using optospectral and calorimetry techniques, the study of the transitional layer dynamics due to plasma flux interaction with a target surface was performed. Plasma flow was produced by the quasi-stationary plasma accelerator QSPA Kh-50. Time-space dependences were obtained for density distribution of electrons n{sub e} and hydrogen atoms in both the ground n{sub o} and excited n{sub a} states. The temporal variation of the density gradient was studied. The velocity and power density of the incident plasma flow were estimated. It was shown that the incident flow with {approximately} 10{sup 16} cm{sup {minus}3} density and 2-4 x 10{sup 7} cm/s maximum velocity (corresponding power density flux is 1 kJ for {le} 100 {mu}s pulse duration) produced a near-surface layer with the density of 10{sup {minus}17} cm{sup {minus}3} (where n{sub a} and n{sub o} are about 10{sup 14} cm{sup {minus}3}). This layer existed during the whole time of the flow interaction. The thickness of the layer changed from 2-3 mm to 10-15 mm during the time of interaction. The lines of the elements of the target material and plasma flow were observed in the spectrum of the near-surface layer. It was found that the absorbed energy amounted to 90% of themore » total energy of the flow. 5 refs., 5 figs.« less


Polarization-independent demultiplexing in the nonlinear optical-loop mirror has previously been achieved through the use of polarization-maintaining optical fiber (PMF) as the active nonlinear element in the loop or through the introduction of polarization diversity by the inclusion of a birefringent crystal in a loop with standard dispersion-shifted fiber. The high cost and limited availability of PMF places restrictions on its use, whereas, in the second case, the use of bulk optical components and the limited operating wavelength range make an all-fiber solution more favorable. In the loop mirror configuration used in this study the polarization diversity was obtained by splicing a short section of PMF into the loop instead of a birefringent crystal.


The existence of multiple equilibria in non-cooperative games has long been an issue in game theory. In certain cases, such circumstance is beneficial from an ex-ante perspective, since the evaluation of possible behaviors and plausible outcomes contributes to a deeper understanding of the problem. However, in general, a proper analysis requires the selection of a single solution. The inability of game theory, so far, to recurrently make such prediction not only limits the impact of its respective methods but also raises questions about the general predictive power of the theory itself. This issue has been then the object of two research programs. The most prominent, the refinement program, produced concepts that, although capable of reducing the number of solutions in some games, are commonly unable to lessen the set of equilibria up to a singleton, or even to a subset of reasonable size, and seem to integrate an apparently endless cycle of refinements, instead of a path towards a consensual concept. The alternative, the selection program, has not been more successful, mainly due to the absence of consensus regarding the assumptions, criteria, and methods adequate to select a solution. In this context, it is proposed an equilibrium selection method to n-person static games with complete information and a finite set of equilibria, where criteria of risk and payoff dominance are defined and used to order players' preferences over the solutions of a reduced version of the game. It is shown that in this class of games a unique equilibrium either in pure or mixed action- s or a unique correlated equilibrium is selected, the last characterized by the fact that players correlate their actions based on an endogenous and commonly known feature of the game, which consequently allows this solution to be self-enforcing without pre-play communication.


In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Tr usted Computing to securing Peer networks. We identify a central challeng the absence of stable verifiable peer identities. W e employ the functionalities provided by Trusted Co mputing to establish an authentication scheme for peers and ex tend this scheme future communications. In this paper we demonstrate securing hybrid P2P network by using client side e ncryption with random key generation at middle tier. In this paper, we demonstrate the application of Tr usted Computing to securing Peer networks. We identify a central challeng e in providing many of the security services within these networks, namely the absence of stable verifiable peer identities. W e employ the functionalities provided by Trusted Co mputing to establish an authentication scheme for peers and ex tend this scheme to build secure channels between peers for future communications. In this paper we demonstrate securing hybrid P2P network by using client side e ncryption with random key generation at middle tier.


In this paper, results of the first observation of magnetization-induced second-harmonic generation (SHG) in one-dimensional magneto-photonic microcavities are described. Both significant magnetization-induced rotation of second-harmonic wave polarization and magnetization-induced variations of the SHG intensity are detected at the fundamental wavelengths in the vicinity of microcavity mode.


Objective:To investigate the anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects of panax notoginseng saponins(PNS) in rats with adjuvant arthritis(AA).Methods:Complete Freund's adjuvant was used to induce AA in rats.Polyarthritis index were scored and levels of tumour necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) and interleukin-1β(IL-1β)from serum were determined by radio immunoassay.Meanwhile,levels of TNF-α and IL-1β produced by LPS-induced PM of AA rats were also determined by radio immunoassay.Results:PNS were given by intraperitoneal injection for 2 weeks from the 15th day after immunization.The polyarthritic symptoms of AA rats were improved significantly compared with those of AA model group(P0.05).PNS significantly reduced the enhanced productions of TNF-α(P0.01) and IL-1β(P0.05)from serum in AA rats.Meanwhile,PNS significantly reduced the enhanced productions of TNF-α(P0.05,or P0.01) and IL-1β(P0.05)produced by LPS-induced PM of AA rats at different concentration(0.8,0.4 and 0.2 mg/ml,respectively).Conclusion:PNS has therapeutic effect on AA in rats,which may be related to anti-inflammatory and immunomodulation effects of inhibiting productions of proinflammatory cytokines of TNF-α and IL-1β from serum and LPS-induced PM.


Following the report of the armitage inquiry and the resulting UK government white paper "lorries, people and the environment", the government initiated a cooperative programme of research and development with the UK commercial vehicle industry to produce quieter lorries for the 1990S. The aim of this programme, known as the qhv90 project and managed by the transport and Road Research Laboratory of the Department of Transport, and the department of trade and industry, is to support commercial vehicle and engine manufacturers in the production of the quieter prototypes required to meet the lower noise levels embodied in the forthcoming eec legislation. This legislation requires a reduction in sound pressure level for the heaviest vehicles from 88 db(a) at present to 84 db(a) in 1989/90. The cost of the work is being borne half by government and half by industry. The principal manufacturers involved include erf, foden, iveco-ford and leyland for the quieter vehicle prototypes and perkins, cummins and Ford for the quieter engines. In addition to the work being carried out by the manufacturers, research on specific aspects of vehicle noise, for example on exhaust and air inlets and engine design, is being done by the motor industry research association, Loughborough university of technology, the British hydromechanics research association, the institute of sound and vibration research and ricardo consulting engineers. This paper will describe the qhv90 project and present some of the results obtained.(a) for the covering abstract see IRRD 816897.


Curled up: TiO(2)-B nanotubes with two curled layers are successfully prepared by a facile hydrothermal route and subsequent calcination. The two curled layers produce a thin wall, and thus the obtained double-walled structure results in short distances of electron and lithium-ion transport, thereby leading to an improved high-rate performance.


We consider the two point correlation function of scalar current in QCD sum rules approach to estimate the overlap amplitude of a 0 meson. We then employ QCD sum rules to calculate the coupling constants g ωa 0 γ and g ρa 0 γ by studying the three point a 0 ωγ - and a 0 ργ -correlation functions.


The observation of mode conversion during ICRF heating in a deuterium-hydrogen plasma is described. The mode-converted ion Bernstein wave is detected near the ion-ion hybrid resonance layer by 2-mm microwave scattering. In addition, a fast magnetosonic wave is also observed by magnetic probes inserted into the plasma. The plasma dispersion of both waves as determined experimentally agrees well with the results of calculations for a hot plasma.


This article reports the results of an experimental analysis of speed-flow relationships conducted in two urban areas of different characteristics (Napoli and Cosenza). A model was derived for the calculation of vehicle speeds in terms of traffic flow and certain geometric and functional characteristics of the branches, for roads on which the flow is not influenced by variations of the flow in the opposite direction. Following a description of the analytical method and the data collection procedure, the article presents the results of a statistical analysis using the models obtained. (TRRL)


The calcaneus is one of the tendons that frequently suffer more injuries in dogs and the non-completion of treatment means compromising locomotor function. This study has for objective to report a case of chronic stretching of the common calcaneus tendon in a Rottweiler dog, with seven years old, presenting history of claudication, attended on the Hospital de Clinicas Veterinarias of the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (HCV – UFRGS). On physical examination the tendon was intact, swollen and with hyperflexion of the tarsus of the left pelvic member. The diagnosis was based on history and clinical signs and the animal was sent to restorative surgery. The tenectomy and tenorraphy were performed using a interlocking suture with mononylon wire. The left tibiotarsal joint was immobilized with external skeletal fixation. After two weeks of post-operative the animal was supporting the affected limb. The surgical technique used was satisfactory to treat the injury, as promoted healing of the tendon and returned the function of the member.


Let $f:X\rightarrow Z$ be a separable fibration of relative dimension 1 between smooth projective varieties over an algebraically closed field $k$ of positive characteristic. We prove the subadditivity of Kodaira dimension $\kappa(X)\geq\kappa(Z)+\kappa(F)$, where $F$ is the generic geometric fiber of $f$, and $\kappa(F)$ is the Kodaira dimension of the normalization of $F$. Moreover, if $\dim X=2$ and $\dim Z=1$, we have a stronger inequality $\kappa(X)\geq \kappa(Z)+\kappa_1(F)$ where $\kappa_1(F)=\kappa(F,\omega^o_F)$ is the Kodaira dimension of the dualizing sheaf $\omega_F^o$.


This paper describes a gas compressor (GCS) system simulation for the purpose of verifying a controller's operation and interfacing simulation with measured data. The GCS is used to collect and compress low pressure gas streams for transmission into larger higherpressure lines. This system is simulated with ANSYS TwinBuilder. It includes models of the compressor, motor, bypass valve, and piping along with pressure sources for the low and high-pressure lines, which are controlled with measured or test data. To cycle and pressurize the GCS, a controller is implemented using an FMU from ANSYS SCADE. To interact with the system and monitor current operating conditions, a human machine interface (HMI) is also implemented using ANSYS SCADE as an FMU.


The developmemt and research of taking fuel cell /battery as electric vehicle power is a new direction in abroad. A real-time simulation model for power driving system of a fuel cellbattery powered electric virtual vehicle is established. This electric vehicle powered primarily by 30 kw proton exchange membrane (PEM)fuel cells, with Lead-acid battery as assistant power, and with focus classis as virtual vehicle classis.The electric vehicle is simulated on the advisor platform, and the NEDC driving pattern simulation results show that the electric vehicle can satisfy the need of performance.


Abstract : The role of the military in civil affairs has seemed to present distinct challenges. Whether the constraints are legal, physical, or simply a lack of appropriate guidance and training, the process by which the military is tasked and how the assets are allocated has changed with the creation of the Department of Homeland Security and its military arm, U.S. Northern Command. The research presented in this paper provides a look at the key elements and factors affecting the use of military airlift in support of Homeland Defense and Homeland Security. The end result is a starting point for U.S. Northern Command's airlift planners in understanding many of the legal, doctrinal, and physical factors that impact the way in which airlift is utilized for civil support. A final emphasis is on how the Air Force can present airlift forces, preferably in the form of an Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF), to support a Joint Task Force (JTF) supporting U.S. Northern Command's mission. The findings include how legal constraints on the military while it is providing civil assistance might be outdated and in need of change to reflect the current climate of the United States. The movement of civilian agency assets, such as those from FEMA, brings unique challenges that can be overcome with effective deliberate planning. The need for education on the Time-Phased Force Deployment Data (TPFDD) process and instilling TPFDD discipline within the echelons will enhance the flow of forces to support civilian agencies. The need to redesign the Joint Chiefs of Staff Priority System is necessary to aid in stratifying movements with the same priority. The Air Force must appropriately tailor their AETFs to support the JTF's or SSTF's specific requirements. The use of Standing JTFs are effective, provide continuity, and foster long-term interagency relationships. Finally, USNORTHCOM must evaluate the impact the Air Reserve Components have on its ability to accomplish their mission.


Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), the 2 main types of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), are chronic conditions characterized by active symptom flares alternating with symptom-free periods. Triggered by an underlying idiopathic inflammatory response, the symptoms of CD and UC can include diarrhea, abdominal pain, rectal bleeding, and malnutrition.

Between 1 and 2 million Americans are estimated to have CD or UC. In a population-based study from Olmsted County, Minnesota, the incidence and prevalence of UC were 8.8 cases per 100,000 people per year (95% confidence interval [CI]: 7.2–10.5) and 214 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI: 188–240), respectively. The incidence and prevalence of CD were 7.9 cases per 100,000 people per year (95% CI: 6.3–9.5) and 174 cases per 100,000 people (95% CI: 151–197), respectively.1 Both UC and CD are diagnosed more frequently in individuals between the ages of 15 and 40 years, with the peak incidence occurring during the third decade of life, but children and elderly individuals are also occasionally diagnosed with IBD.

While the causes of IBD remain unclear, the underlying pathophysiology of the disease can be traced to inflammation of the mucosal lining of the intestinal tract, which leads to ulceration, edema, bleeding, and loss of fluids and electrolytes. Researchers do not yet know exactly what triggers IBD, but many patients may have a genetic component to their disease. NOD2/CARD15 is an example of 1 genetic linkage that has been associated with a predisposition for CD.2 IBD is also more common among individuals with a family history of the disease; the age-adjusted risk of IBD is approximately 5% for siblings and 10% for offspring, and children of parents with IBD have a 2- to 30-fold increased risk of developing IBD themselves. 3,4 There is also a much higher concordance of IBD among identical versus fraternal twins.3

Among patients with UC, the most common presenting symptom is diarrhea with occult or frank blood loss; UC patients generally do not experience abdominal pain. CD patients also typically present with diarrhea, but often without bleeding, and CD patients more frequently experience abdominal pain, especially if they have an intestinal obstruction. Classically, this pain is localized to the lower abdomen or lower right quadrant, although it may present anywhere. Painful intestinal strictures and obstructions are inflamed and generally require endoscopic or surgical intervention. While strictures are relatively common in CD, colonic strictures are of significant concern in UC because of their malignant potential. While patients with UC generally do not develop fistulae or perianal disease, they may rarely experience perianal abscesses.

In UC, intestinal inflammation is typically restricted to the colon, but CD can affect any portion of the gastrointestinal tract, although the ileum and the colon are the most commonly affected sites. Identifying the area of disease involvement is important, as it largely dictates the types of manifestations that IBD patients experience. In addition to slightly different presentations, CD can often be distinguished from UC on endoscopy, as the 2 conditions show differences in pathology. While the inflammation associated with UC is typically continuous and superficial, affecting only the intestinal mucosa and submucosa, the inflammation associated with CD often exhibits a discontinuous pattern that is transmural.


Objective To study whether bortezomib combined with dexamethasone can relieve bone pain of patients with multiple myeloma and to see whether bortezomib have effect on bone metabolism through determining the concentration of bone turnover marks.Methods 59 cases of patients with multiple myeloma treated with BD and 38 cases of patients treated with VADM were observed before and after chemotherapy to compare the alleviation of bone pain,the improvement of the ability to move and the occurrence of skeletal related events between the two groups.The plasma from 25 patients were collected before and after chemotherapy when they were in hospital each time and the concentrations of TRACP-5b,BALP and DKK1 in plasma were determined by ELISA.Results BD group was better than VADM group in the rate of alleviation of bone pain,the improvement of the ability to move and the incidence of skeletal related events(75.7% vs 50%,64.9% vs 20.8% and 13.8% vs 57.8%,all P0.05).The level of BALP increased and the level of TRACP-5b and DKK1 decreased after the treatment in BD group.Conclusion Bortezomib can relive the bone pain of patients with multiple myeloma,improve the ability to move and decrease the incidence of skeletal related events.Bortezomib can also promote the bone formation and inhibit the bone destruction.


With this issue of Seminars in Interventional Radiology, we acknowledge with gratitude the work of Dr. Peter Mueller, who has served as the Editor-in-Chief of the journal since 1991. Dr. Mueller's fondness for sports metaphors (and 20-guage needles) is well-known. Long-term readers of Seminars will remember Dr. Mueller came onto the field as an early-inning relief pitcher and coach, bringing much-needed editorial leadership to the journal.

In the pages of this and other publications, Dr. Mueller has been a tireless advocate for the subspecialty of interventional radiology. Though he preferred to perform "on the field," he never shirked the role of cheerleader—and critic—when he felt it necessary. In his editorials over the years, Dr. Mueller opined on such topics as previsualization, noninvasive evaluations, and the ability of interventional radiologists to multi-task. As evidence of his exceptional teaching and coaching skills, when Dr. Mueller decided to step off the field, he was instrumental in finding his replacement. With the next issue of Seminars, we welcome Dr. Brian Funaki, who will work alongside Dr. Mueller in 2005 and assume sole editorship of the journal in the following year. Dr. Funaki, associate professor at the University of Chicago, has long had an interest in medical publishing (we'll have more about Dr. Funaki in the next issue).

Baseball fans know that after an exceptional performance pitching—or hitting—the star will return to the field from the dugout and tip his hat to acknowledge his cheering supporters. We imagine Dr. Mueller doing this now. On our behalf, and on behalf of our Seminars readers, we would like to express our gratitude for his contributions to the journal and, indeed, interventional radiology.


Medication Safety is an important issue for patients. Automated patient medication system using RFID technology is used to reduce the medication errors and improve the patient safety. In this paper, we show the weaknesses of Sonam Devgan Kaul et al's authentication scheme. In order to enhance medication safety for patients, we propose a new lightweight RFID authentication scheme based on dynamic ID. This scheme only requires O(1) work to identify and authenticate a tag in the backend server and is particularly suitable for the low-cost RFID systems because only one-way hash function, XOR operation and concatenation operation are needed in tag part, so it is practical, secure and efficient for health care domain.


NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center and Downtown Huntsville Inc. are partnering for a third year to host an event celebrating the city and space agency's enduring relationship. NASA in the Park will be held from 10 a.m. to 3 p.m. June 18 in Huntsville's Big Spring Park East.


Voltage quality is one of the most important indicators of electric power.The voltage amplitude quality is used to measure the voltage quality of the power offered by the power plant. Similarly,voltage quality indicator can be used to measure the voltage quality of the power offered by the grid. The implement of "different pricing of electric power based on the voltage quality" will promote the energy saving of the power grid thoroughly and continuously.


The concept of row(column) transposed matrix and row(column) symmetric matrix are defined.Their basic properties are studied and some new results are obtained.The formula for the LDU factorization,Cholesky factorization and triple diagonal factorization of row(column) symmetric matrix are obtained.These formula can dramatically reduce the amount of calculation for LDU factorization,Cholesky factorization and triple diagonal factorization of row(column) symmetric matrix,save dramatically the CPU time and memory without loss of any numerical precision.


The present world is dominated by sciences and technologies. Countries possessing the two variables might be able to dominate the world, since sciences and technologies constitute critical infrastructures determining the shapes of global supra-structures The development of technologies in Indonesia has indeed not been able to play as important roles as played by some other advanced countries. Therefore, the government of Indonesia keeps encouraging the development of technologies particularly through technological transfers done via advantageous licensing contracts. In addition, the government of Indonesia also try to keep encouraging Indonesian citizens to make investments, both individually and in groups, regulated by the Indonesian Law for Patents, Number 14, 2001


Education of the girl-child has become a universal issue for African nations hence the need for striving to achieve a balance between the enrollment rates of their male counterparts. The goal of the paper was to analyse the challenges of the girl-child in Ebonyi State of Nigeria in terms of school enrolment. Descriptive survey involving secondary data was used for analysis covered the period 2001-2007. The study has discovered that the primary school enrolment rate of girls is still very low and still remains worrisome. This is further worsened by traditional system and belief pattern of gender disparity, and high incidence of early marriage of very young girls based on value system. Therefore, there is an immediate need for government attention in rural development, motivation of female interest in education, policy reform in content, and pedagogy with a singular target of making UNESCO Educational objectives achievable by 2015 in the State and Nigeria, as a whole.


Abstract 976 Introduction: Erythrocyte cytoskeleton disorders, a common cause of hereditary hemolytic anemia, consist of a genetically and phenotypically variable group of diseases that include hereditary spherocytosis (HS), elliptocytosis (HE), pyropoikilocytosis (HPP), and stomatocytosis (HSt) syndromes. The diagnosis is most commonly based on the morphology of the red blood cells (RBCs) on the blood smear and on ektacytometry and osmotic fragility studies. However, in infants and children with transfusion-dependent hemolytic anemia these studies are challenging to obtain since the patient has mostly transfused RBCs. Molecular diagnosis has not been easily attainable so far due to the number and large size of the genes involved in pathogenesis and due to the fact that each kindred has frequently a private mutation in the responsible gene(s) (Gallagher, Hematology, 2005). Methods and Results: We have developed a high-throughput assay for the diagnosis of known and discovery of new genetic mutations causing erythrocyte cytoskeleton disorders. The complete exon sequences of 24 genes encoding cytoskeleton proteins (spectrin a-chain (SPTA1), spectrin b-chain (SPTB), ankyrin 1 (ANK1), band 3 (SLC4A1), protein 4.1 (EPB41), protein 4.2 (EPB42), adducins (ADD), dematin (EPB49), tropomyosins (TPM), tropomodulins (TMOD), Rh-associated glycoprotein (RhAG), erythrocyte protein p55 (MPP1), stomatin (EPB72), Glut1-glucose transporter (SLC2A1), and K-Cl-cotransporter (SLC12A4, SLC12A6, SLC12A7) were determined using a Next Generation Sequencing technology. Analysis was performed on eleven patients diagnosed with erythrocyte cytoskeleton disorder along with a negative control. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects under an Institutional Review Board-approved protocol. The RainDance Technologies RDT1000 instrument was used for target enrichment covering the exons, 20 bases of exon/intron junctions, and 500 bases up and downstream of the 24 genes of interest. The products were then sequenced on an Illumina HiSeq2000 system. Bioinformatic analysis was performed in a blinded fashion as to the disease characteristics and inheritance mode of the patient using the GATK software package from the Broad Institute (DePristo et al, Nature Genetics, 2011). Mutations predicted to have significant impact to the corresponding protein structure and therefore likely to cause disease were identified in 9 out of the 11 patients (Table 1). Shared pathogenic mutation(s) were identified blindly in family members, e.g. siblings HS-S1 and HS-S2, or parents sHS-M, sHS-F with child sHS. Two EPB49 mutations predicted to impair gene function were identified in an infant with clinical picture of HPP, implicating dematin in HPP pathogenesis. Immunoblotting of RBC membranes from this patient demonstrated decreased dematin. Conclusions: Next generation sequencing for the genetically variable erythrocyte cytoskeleton disorders can provide a cost-effective and faster patient diagnosis compared with a gene-by-gene approach and it is a feasible diagnostic method in a transfusion-dependent child. Moreover, a precise genetic diagnosis can facilitate natural history studies to understand genotype-phenotype correlations in the erythrocyte cytoskeleton disorders and offer valuable insights into the structure-function relationship of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton proteins. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.


In article is considered feature element current capital enterprise, analysed acting categorization of the circulating assets and motivated new theoretical approaches to categorizations of the circulating assets coming from determination of their value in condition of the market relations


To solve the part of actuator failure problem, the nonlinear observer and controller are designed synthetically. We develop the research model based on a SISO output feedback nonlinear unobservered minimum phase system under the condition of single channel actuator failure of the hypersonic aircraft, adopt K - filter to reconstruct state vectors, design the adaptive control law to guarantee the system boundedness. The pitch channel of hypersonic aircraft is studied as an example to validate above theory.


Davis' Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), perceived usefulness, and perceived ease of use instruments are widely accepted in information technology research community as tools for evaluating information system application and predicting usage. This study attempts to investigate whether perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use influence behavioral intention in using Internet. Perceived usefulness is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would enhance his or her job performance. Perceived ease of use is the degree to which a person believes that using a particular system would be free of effort. Data were collected from 149 students of Department of Informatics Technology, Faculty of Industrial Technology, University of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta. The result is that perceived usefulness has a positive and significant influences on behavioral intention, while the influence of perceived ease of use on behavioral intention is not statistically significant.Keywords: perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, technology acceptance modelbehavioral intention


Most of the literature on facility location assumes a fixed setup and a linear variable cost. It is known, however, that as volume increases cost savings are achieved through economies of scale, but when the volume exceeds a certain level, diseconomies of scale occur and marginal costs start to increase. This is best captured by an inverse S-shaped cost function that is initially concave and then turns convex. This article studies such a class of location problems and solution methods are proposed that are based on Lagrangian relaxation, column generation, and branch-and-bound methods. A nonlinear mixed-integer programming formulation is introduced that is decomposable by environment type; i.e., economies or diseconomies of scale. The resulting concave and convex subproblems are then solved efficiently as piecewise convex and concave bounded knapsack problems, respectively. A heuristic solution is found based on dual information from the column generation master problems and the solution of the subproblems. Armed with the Lagrangian lower bound and the heuristic solution, the procedure is embedded in a branch-and-price-type algorithm. Unfortunately, due to the nonlinearity of the problem, global optimality is not guaranteed, but high-quality solutions are achieved depending on the amount of branching performed. The methodology is tested on three function types and four cost settings. Solutions with an average gap of 1.1% are found within an average of 20 minutes.


Purpose The aim was to compare the short-term effectiveness of overminus spectacles versus part-time occlusion (PTO) in improving control of intermittent exotropia [X(T)]. Patients and methods A total of 60 children with X(T), from 2 to 10 years of age, were included in the study. Their distance office control score started from 2 or worse. This is a clinical, randomized, prospective, pilot study. Children were randomly assigned to overminus spectacles, PTO therapy, and observation for 4 months followed by 2 months without treatment. Results The mean distance exotropia control score after 4 months of treatment improved significantly in the overminus spectacle and the PTO groups from 3.9 vs. 3.9 to 2.0 vs. 2.7, respectively. After stoppage of treatment for 2 months, the score deteriorated significantly to 3.3 and 3, respectively. The observation group's score showed nonsignificant change all throughout the study period. There was a significant improvement in both mean near and distance angles only in the overminus spectacle group after 4 months of treatment and a significant deterioration after 2 months without treatment. Both near and distance angles showed nonsignificant change in both PTO and observation groups all throughout the study period. There was also a significant correlation between the poor compliance of the patients and their deterioration in the PTO group. Conclusion Overminus spectacle therapy has proved to be more effective in control of X(T) than PTO therapy. Poor compliance in PTO therapy affects the treatment effectiveness. It is suggested to work on a protocol of treatment cessation in further studies.


In this letter, we propose a distributed channel assignment where each basestation selects a set of channels shared by multiple users through time domain scheduling for best effort services. The proposed scheme distributedly assigns the channels considering a cochannel interference from neighboring basestations and its own traffic load condition. The computer simulation demonstrates that the proposed scheme appropriately assigns the channels to the basestations taking into account these requirements.


The system referred to in the preceding paper involves measurement of acoustic pressure, both in amplitude and in phase, on two concentric spheres of known radii. Among possible sources of error are: the finite number of measurements; inaccuracy in microphone positioning; scattering by the moving boom system; electrical and acoustical noise in the microphone system; spurious phase shifts and gain inequalities in the microphone and amplifier channels; timing errors and overtone sensitivity of the phase‐sensitive detectors; offsets and quantizing errors in the analog‐to‐digital converter; and numerical computation errors. Effects due to the nonideal nature of the anechoic chamber are in a different category, since our system measures the reflected wave directory. [Work supported by NSF.]


The invention relates to an imaging means (10) suitable for recording images from the teeth and the mouth region. The imaging means (10) comprise an image-recording device such as a video camera, the optical components of an object illumination system, an instrument connection cable and a connector. The invention further concerns a dental unit (30) having one or more instrument connectors (C) onto which the control system of said dental unit (30) switches the physical variables required for the use of the instrument attached to said instrument connector. The invention also concerns a method of connecting an imaging means to a dental unit.


This paper will develop an automatic and fast optical measurement system for high density optical fiber connector measurement, which base on the optical project method. It will meet the lot of optical fiber connector measurement need. This system includes a high intensity and high collimated LED source, a high accuracy and high stiffness linear stage, 2 multi-degree-of-freedom adjustment mechanisms and a high resolution coaxial telecentric imaging system and image processing software. The system of measurement results and commercial measuring instruments comparing the results of its error is less than 0.6μm. To measure a V groove needs 750ms, this result may satisfy the requirements of automatic inspection.


In the article historical and ethnographical sides of the epic legend on tsar Gesar, the record of whom was made in the Tibet by Yu. N. Roerich in the 1930 th, are considered. The Tibetan epos includes a big layer of historical data and the facts shedding light on pages of the past of this country and other people of Central Asia that haven't been thoroughly studied.


The Discovery Channel Telescope (DCT) is planned to have a state-of-the-art prime focus corrector which was described previously. The initial design contained I-line glasses which had long procurement times. Goodrich Corp. undertook a study funded by Lowell Observatory to determine whether significant savings in cost and schedule would be possible with an acceptable reduction in the performance of the telescope. This paper reports on changes in the optical design of the wide-field optical corrector (WFOC) with a view to eliminating the long-lead materials. The consequent changes in performance are also discussed. The required FWHM of the telescope was relaxed somewhat and the imaging requirements of the ultraviolet (U) band were eliminated. The new design meets the two-degree field of view requirement and recovers most of the performance in the ultraviolet.


Introduction: Most treatments for osteoporosis, such as bisphosphonates, preserve existing bone by inhibiting bone remodeling. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) and its analogs, including teriparatide (TPTD), provide an alternative mechanism. TPTD increases the remodeling rate and the amount of bone formed during each remodeling cycle. Iliac crest biopsies have demonstrated that PTH increases cortical and cancellous bone formation in humans. To more fully understand the mechanisms behind PTH-related treatments, dynamic histomorphometric analysis has been used to measure cellular activity and the rates at which they occur. New bone is marked by fluorescent labels that are integrated into forming bone. By providing two doses to patients over a known time interval, the rate of formation and the extent of formation over that time period can be determined. Because this method requires the administration of these labels to a live subject, biopsy tissue has been the main source of data, limiting the site of analysis. While mechanical loading may amplify the benefits of PTH, little is known about how the type of mechanical loading influences its role. No study to date has compared PTH treatment under tensile versus compressive loading in humans. The femoral neck is subject to bending, thereby providing a unique opportunity to study tensile and compressive loading at a single anatomical site from the same subject. Total hip replacements (THR) offer an ethical platform to obtain labeled femoral neck tissue. This study aimed to demonstrate a difference in histomorphometric indices between the tensile and compressive sides of the human femoral neck with TPTD treatment.


Based on the standard strain-Vibrio parahaemolyticus BJ1.1997, temperature (7°C~43°C) and salinity (0.5%~9.5% NaCl) which affected its growth status was studied with uniform design. The results showed that Logistic equation was optimal in primary models, the second was Gompertz equation, the last was Linear equation, so growth parameters can calculated from Logistic equation. The secondary model was developed by square root models, its r value was 0.9863, the lowest growth temperature was 9.0506°C and the highest growth salinity was 5.93% [the corresponding lowest growth water activity (Aw min) was 0.9227]. Through F test, residual analysis and evaluation by bias factor and accuracy factor, the model can exactly describe the relationship between the growth rate and combined effect of temperature and salinity (water activity).


"A generalized migration of the consumers to digital channels was observed during the COVID-19 pandemic situation. In this context, the purpose of the research was to analyze the online options the consumer of religious services had and the way Church adapted its communication at the new circumstances. Questions regarding the intensity of communication, posts' type or frequency, and reactions were investigated through a longitudinal retrospective study focused on Facebook platform. More than 6,150 posts and 1.6 million reactions were included. Distinctive profiles were observed: monasteries vs. urban parishes vs. rural ones. The study suggests that the pattern of consumers' reactions was influenced by the type of the posts. The impact that online messages have, advocates for a professional approach or support in communication. The results may serve as informational input for a future unitary communication strategy of religious entities. Keywords: religious communication, adaptive communication, Facebook, Orthodox, COVID-19 JEL Classification: M31, Z12, O33 "


Two decades of profound market-oriented policy and institutional reform have coincided with the emergence of sustainability as a major societal challenge, and with increasing interest in participatory approaches to science and to environmental management. This article explores tensions between these trends, and identifies policy and research challenges relevant to scientists in the resource and environmental fields.


Today there is an emerging need to develop technique and tools for detecting microorganism useful in different sectors including food safety, health, agriculture, defense, etc. Already there are many detection methods, but due to some limitations, these not suitable for commercial applications. However, an intensive research for the commercial biosensor still under progress. In this paper, we intend to present the essence for such sensors with the review of present and future trends. Also, we hereby propose a viable design that could achieve the required goals at low cost.


Purpose: The ultimate aim of the inquiry was to discover the essence of nurse's experience and promote understanding. Method : Guided by Colaizzi's method - 1. Description of the phenomena of interest by the reader. 2. collection of subject's description of the phenomena, 3. Reading all the subject'...


The cotton production regional assessment system for Xinjiang is developed to assess the effects of Climate on cotton yield. The system consists of database, simulation model, spatial analysis and map display. The simulation model is the core of this system. The simulation model is based on light energy use, and it contains photosynthetic production, distribution of dry matter, leaf area growth, yield forming and other processes. The effects of weather, soil, variety and management on cotton growth and development was considered in this model. The model is tested by comparison with field data from variety and density levels at Shache(Yarkant) and statistic lint yield per hectare. The result showed that the trends of simulated total dry matter weight of cotton plant and LAI were consistent with actual, and the agreement index of lint yield in field test at Shache is 0.93 . The biases of simulated mean lint yield of typical location and 5 cotton regions from 1991 to 1996 were -0.3 % and -2.3%, respectively. The model may be useful as a component of assessment system in assessment of effects of climate on cotton production in Xinjiang.


State responsibility — Nature and kinds of — For wrongs unconnected with contractual obligations — Acts and omissions of State organs and officials — Connected with legislation — Emergency Regulations 1969 — Ministerial detention order — Allegations of false imprisonment and torture — Whether State responsible for acts of police done in course of duty — The law of Uganda State responsibility — Damages (Measure of damages) — Grounds for awarding damages — Responsibility for acts of police done in course of duty — False imprisonment — Assault and torture — The law of Uganda 227 The individual in international law — In general — Human rights and freedoms — Personal liberty — Right of detained person to be informed promptly of charges — Sections 10 and 21 of the Constitution — Ministerial detention order — Whether able to be challenged — Emergency Regulations 1969 — Allegations of false imprisonment — Assault and torture — State responsibility for acts of police done in course of duty — Damages — The law of Uganda


In this paper we will present our recent work aimed at developing deep ultraviolet light-emitting diodes with emission from 250-280 nm. These devices were fabricated using AlGaN multiple quantum wells that were deposited on basal plane sapphire substrates using low-pressure MOCVD. Innovative MEMOCVD grown AlN buffer layers and AlN/AlGaN superalttices were also employed in the device structures to manage strain and allow the deposition of thick AlGaN layers, which was necessary to reduce the lateral spread resistance. Devices with square, multifinger and micro-LED geometries were fabricated and flip-chip mounted on AlN carriers for improved thermal management and light extraction. We have now succeeded in obtaining devices at 275 and 280 nm with cw powers in excess of 1.5 mW and pulsed powers well over 20 mW. Recently we have also succeeded in obtaining nearly milliwatt powers using an innovative micro-LED design at 250 nm. Now, for the first time, we also present dc operation of micro-pixel design deep UV LED.


It is helpful to obtain accurate and effective energy information for energy monitoring and controlling by laying out the wireless sensor network (WSN) in a stable energy region. Usually, the temperature and humidity information represents the environmental energy. That is, the stable region of temperature and humidity is the stable energy region. Therefore, this study proposes a WSN layout strategy in a stable temperature and humidity region. Firstly, the temperature and humidity model is built, and then the stable temperature and humidity region are obtained by cluster analysis and mathematical statistics. Finally, the WSN system is designed. WSN nodes are designed and manufactured, and these nodes form the WSN in the stable temperature and humidity region. For example, take the tobacco industry; a data processing system is designed to analyze and manage the temperature and humidity data based on the WSN layout strategy. WSN layout strategy provides a theoretical basis for WSN layout, contributes to data analysis, management, and optimization, and also helps to improve the control system capability and reduce production energy consumption.


The structure of a Cu-20 vol.% Nb in situ composite sheet is characterized by SEN and TEH analyses. The unusually high tensile strengths observed in this material are dependent upon the microstruc tures which develop during cold rolling to a true effective strain of 7.9. Nb elongates and becomes ribbon-like during deformation while the Cu matrix undergoes a cycle of deformation-dynamic recovery-recrystallization which allows for the further reduction of the Nb. The dislocation density of the Cu matrix is found to be between 1-2 x 10 0/cm throughout the rolling process. The influence of ion-thinning Cu specimens for TEH analyses was examined and found to increase dis location densities of annealed Cu by more than 400% but had a relatively small effect on the dislocation population of heavily worked Cu (+46 X).


The present invention, phytanic acid content per oil 1g is less than 90 [mu] g, to a method for obtaining a composition rich in omega-3 fatty acids. The present invention, phytanic acid content per oil 1g is less than 90 [mu] g, is rich in DHA, 95 weight especially per oil 1g constituting the composition, DHA is 650~950mg / g, i.e. 65 wt% a%, and less than the value of PhA is 90 [mu] g, it relates to preferably obtain a composition is less than 5 [mu] g. The resulting composition, because of the protective effect and therapeutic efficacy, dietary supplements, used in the field of nutritional products and pharmaceutical products.


A novel resistance brazing method aided by numerical simulation, in which the brazing is completed through several preliminary heatings and a subsequent final heating aided by the numerical simulation is presented. The preliminary heating is performed with a relatively low electric energy input so that the uniformity of the surface contact condition between two parts can be improved due to local melting and subsequent solidification and so that the electric current data can be acquired for preparing analytical conditions necessary to the numerical simulation. The final heating is performed with an energizing condition determined by the numerical simulation in advance. To prove the efficacy of the resistance brazing method aided by the numerical simulation, Ti–Ni alloy and type 304 stainless steel wires with diameters of 96 μm both were butt-joint brazed using Au–Cu brazing filler metal supplied with the individual metal plating. The brazed joints had tensile strengths ranging from 74 to 448 MPa in accordance with the energizing conditions.


This paper will examine the sport of boxing in the context of Queensland, Australia. An examination of statute and common law shows that people cannot consent to Grievous Bodily Harm or death. Despite this, boxing matches continue to cause Grievous Bodily Harm and death to the boxers, with no consequences imposed for the perpetrator. Therein lies the paradox. There are no statutory exclusions for boxing, yet the Queensland criminal system does not exercise its jurisdiction when these serious injuries occur. Overall, the paper suggests that the detriments of boxing far outweigh the benefits, and as such, the sport should be banned. Alternatively, potential reforms are suggested, which at the very least could reduce the amount of serious injuries that occur as a result of boxing matches.


Food Official Controls - Food controls are a key issue within the European food safety arena. Since 2002 the legislator is constantly improving the control system in order to better achieve the high safety principles contained in the European regulation n.178 and the network set up in it. Thus, the regulation n. 882/2004 is specifically dedicated to food safety controls: it is the main piece of legislation concerning this aspect as it has been adopted by the co-decisions procedure which involves the European Parliament and the Council. Despite that, it left some "white" spaces to be filled by the implementing measures adopted within the so called comitology procedure in which it is the Commission to act as a co-regulator. The latter is currently implementing art. 15.5. of the regulation n. 882/2004 to set up a system of increased controls for food and feed. Key words: food safety; control system; regulation n. 882/2004.


Understanding volunteer motivation has been widely recognized by both researchers and administrators as a valuable component of program development. Thus, it is important to explore the motivational needs that contribute to Virginia adult 4-H volunteerism. This quantitative research study was designed to fill a gap in the current volunteer literature regarding our understanding of the motivational needs of Virginia adult 4-H volunteers. The following research questions guided this study: 1. What are the motivations of Virginia adult 4-H volunteers and how are these volunteers distributed in terms of their primary motivational need (power, achievement, or affiliation)? 2. What is the relationship between motivational needs (power, achievement, and affiliation) and volunteer satisfaction as self-reported by Virginia adult 4-H volunteers? 3. To what extent are Virginia adult 4-H volunteers motivated to volunteer for Virginia 4-H? 4. To what extent do motivational needs (power, achievement, and affiliation) differ in urban and rural Virginia adult 4-H volunteers? 5. What are the most prevalent youth experiences influencing adult 4-H volunteerism in Virginia 4-H? Data were collected from 296 Virginia 4-H volunteers via a 20-item questionnaire utilizing McClelland's Trichotomy of Needs Theory. The results showed that the top three motives for


Optical microscopy in 2 or 3 dimensions allows extensive observations of the motility and morphology of living cells, in culture or in tissue. This leads to an exploding accumulation of imaging data and shifts the bottleneck from data acquisition to data analysis. Manual image analysis is often either impossible or exceedingly time‐consuming and subject to uncontrollable user bias and errors. Computerized methods promise to ensure fast, accurate and reproducible processing, but the basic image analysis functions available in standard commercial software are generally not adapted to the complexity of biological images. For this reason, we develop methods based on active contours, a powerful and flexible technique to segment and track objects, that has become very popular in computer vision research. Here, we describe the main benefits and limitations of active contours for our application, and our efforts to adapt and improve these methods for the analysis of cellular dynamics.


This paper presents systematically the safety assessment and analysis on in-service jingban Gas pipeline.Taking into account of the different type of corrosion defects in pipelines,the ASME B31G—1991 standard was amended as the 4th strength grade theory.And then according to the inspected corrosion figures based on the amended standard,calculate the failure pressure of pipeline,assess the Jingban pipeline to ensure pipeline safety running.The results showed that the existed defects of in-service corrosion pipeline can be allowed under the current operating pressure,and the pipeline is at safe running status.


The invention discloses a digital image color separation processing method which includes the following steps: S1, reading a digital image document and converting the color space of the digital image document into CMYK color space; S2 reading the set color density curve parameters and conducting remapping correction on the digital image document according to the color density curve parameters to obtain the corrected digital image document; S3 segmenting the corrected digital image document to obtain channel data of different colors; S4 conducting raster image processing of noise modulation on the channel data of each color to obtain dot matrix data subjected to raster image processing of the noise modulation; S5 generating a dot matrix document through the data subjected to raster image processing of the noise modulation. By means of the method, the contour effect and the manual structure in the printed products can be effectively reduced.


(U-Th)/He chronometry of zircon has a wide range of potential applications including thermochronometry, provided the temperature sensitivity (e.g., closure temperature) of the system be accurately constrained. We have examined the characteristics of He loss from zircon in a series of step-heating diffusion experiments, and compared zircon (U-Th)/He ages with other thermochronometric constraints from plutonic rocks. Diffusion experiments on zircons with varying ages and U-Th contents yield Arrhenius relationships which, after about 5% He release, indicate Ea 163–173 kJ/mol (39–41 kcal/mol), and D0 0.09–1.5 cm /s, with an averageEa of 169 3.8 kJ/mol (40.4 0.9 kcal/mol) and average D0 of 0.46 0.87 0.30 cm /s. The experiments also suggest a correspondence between diffusion domain size and grain size. For effective grain radius of 60 m and cooling rate of 10°C/myr, the diffusion data yield closure temperatures, Tc, of 171– 196°C, with an average of 183°C. The early stages of step heating experiments show complications in the form of decreasing apparent diffusivity with successive heating steps, but these are essentially absent in later stages, after about 5–10% He release. These effects are independent of radiation dosage and are also unlikely to be due to intracrystalline He zonation. Regardless of the physical origin, this non-Arrhenius behavior is similar to predictions based on degassing of multiple diffusion domains, with only a small proportion ( 2–4%) of gas residing in domains with a lower diffusivity than the bulk zircon crystal. Thus the features of zircon responsible for these non-Arrhenius trends in the early stages of diffusion experiments would have a negligible effect on the bulk thermal sensitivity and closure temperature of a zircon crystal. We have also measured single-grain zircon (U-Th)/He ages and obtained Ar/Ar ages for several minerals, including K-feldspar, for a suite of slowly cooled samples with other thermochronologic constraints. Zircon He ages from most samples have 1 reproducibilities of about 1–5%, and agree well with K-feldspar Ar/Ar multidomain cooling models for sample-specific closure temperatures (170–189°C). One sample has a relatively poor reproducibility of 24%, however, and a mean that falls to older ages than predicted by the K-feldspar model. Microimaging shows that trace element zonation of a variety of styles is most pronounced in this sample, which probably leads to poor reproducibility via inaccurate -ejection corrections. We present preliminary results of a new method for characterizing U-Th zonation in dated grains by laser-ablation, which significantly improves zircon He age accuracy. In summary, the zircon (U-Th)/He thermochronometer has a closure temperature of 170–190°C for typical plutonic cooling rates and crystal sizes, it is not significantly affected by radiation damage except in relatively rare cases of high radiation dosage with long-term low-temperature histories, and most ages agree well with constraints provided by K-spar Ar/Ar cooling models. In some cases, intracrystalline U-Th zonation can result in inaccurate ages, but depth-profiling characterization of zonation in dated grains can significantly improve accuracy and precision of single-grain ages. Copyright © 2004 Elsevier Ltd al for mical rock s the ature ocks, augtable zircon )/He itivity and e datdiffus and This in a se e of l ages


Attitudes towards drug abuse are relevant to understand real abuse. Furthermore, explanations by gender should be also incorporated. In the current study, it is analyzed the attitudinal change in the longterm after participating in an evidence-based family prevention program, the Family Competence Program (FCP). With a population sample of Carmen Orte, Lluís Ballester, Joan Amer, Et al. | Universitas Psychologica | V. 16 | No. 4 | 2017 | 2 78 adolescents that have participated in the program, and a control group, it is measured the evolution of the attitudes towards consumption using the Drugs Attitudes Questionnaire, validated questionnaire and used as a reference by the Spanish National Plan Against Drugs. Three measurement processes are undertaken, differentiated by gender: at the beginning of the FCP application, at the end of the application (Post 1) and a 24-month follow-up (Post 2). Main results indicate that significant differences are achieved in availability for consumption and in wrong beliefs, at the end of the program, but not in the long term, both in girls and boys. Regarding protective beliefs, these are consistent along time in both genders.


Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine on acute glomerulonephritis complicated with acute renal failure.Methods 72 cases of acute glomerulonephritis complicated with acute renal failure were divided randomly into treatment group and control group.40 cases in treatment group were treated with combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine;32 cases in control group were treated only by western medicine.Results After 4 weeks of treating,the effective rate in treatment group was 97.5%,which was significantly higher than that(87.5%) of control group(P0.05 ).There were significantly differences in BP,urinary protein of 24hr,serum Scr,BUN before and after treatment(P0.05, P0.01),improvement in treatment group were superior to those of control group(P0.05).Conclusion Combined treatment of traditional Chinese and western medicine was obviously superior to western medicine alone in improving prognosis of acute glomerulonephritis complicated with acute renal failure.


Objectives: At two metropolitan Australian hospitals offering fetal medicine and genetic services 1) Investigate how often referrals for isolated CPC/EIF are made at a local level, comparing 2014-16 referrals with earlier epochs 2) Audit the consequence of CPC/EIF referrals in terms of consultations undergone, further investigations performed, and ultimate pregnancy outcome. Methods: Retrospective audit of women referred to genetic counsellor and/or fetal medicine services at St George Hospital (SGH) and the Royal Hospital for Women (RHW) in metropolitan Australia with CPC and/or EIF from January 1st 2006 to December 31st 2016 inclusive. Data collected included demographics, prior screening, ultrasonic findings, consultations/investigations after CPC/EIF diagnosis, and pregnancy outcome. Findings were compared by hospital and 3 time periods; 2006-2009, 2010-2013, 2014-2016. Low risk women with isolated EIF/CPC were also compared to those at high risk or with multiple signs. Results: Of the 208 women, 118 (57%) were referred to specialist services for isolated CPC and/or EIF, and 102 (49%) were low-risk for aneuploidy prior to morphology ultrasound. Significantly more women had undergone combined first trimester screening in the 2014 to 2016 epoch versus previous years at both SGH (p=0.032) and RHW (p=0.004). However, the number of women referred for CPC and EIF remained constant at SGH (p=0.814) and RHW (p=0.731).Despite no fetus being born with a major structural or chromosomal abnormality in the group of low-risk women with isolated signs, 18% were referred to both genetic counselling and fetal medicine services, 7% had NIPT after morphology, 14% had amniocentesis and 33% had additional ultrasound(s). Conclusions: Despite advances in screening technology, low-risk women are still referred to specialist services for these 2 soft signs and undergoing unnecessary follow up, NIPT and amniocentesis.


As the center of modern economy, the bank as well as its competition h as a far-reaching influence on the economical development of a country. Accordin g to regulations of WTO, the banking competition in China can be effectively imp roved by establishing fair and just competitive environment; accelerating the pr ocess of anti-monopoly legislation; consummating supervision system and transfor ming the managing system of state-owned commercial banks.


In this work, a series of poly(1,4-cyclohexylenedimethylene terephthalate-co-1,4-cyclohexylene dimethylene 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate) (PCTN) copolymers with different compositions of two diacids: terephthalic acid (TPA) and 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid (NDA), and stoichiometry matched 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol (CHDM) were synthesized directly by a melt polymerization technique. Thermal properties of synthesized copolymers were measured by a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The incorporation of either NDA or CHDM improved the glass transition temperature (Tg) of PCTN compared to poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET). Thermal degradation behaviors were analyzed using a thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Chemical structures of the obtained copolyesters were investigated by a nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H NMR). Our results showed that the thermal and optical properties (determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer) of the PCTN copolyesters were directly dependent on the ratio of TPA and NDA. It was also found that PCTN films have superior optical, thermal, and barrier (reduced water absorption) properties than PET and poly(ethylene naphthalate) (PEN) films.


—The study is an investigation testing the accuracy of deep learning models in the detection of Monkeypox. The disease is relatively new and difficult for physicians to detect. Data for the skins were obtained from Google via web-scraping with Python's BeautifulSoup, SERP API, and requests libraries. The images underwent scrutiny by professional physicians to determine their validity and classification. The researcher extracted the images' features using two CNN models - GoogLeNet and ResNet50. Feature selection from the images involved conducting principal component analysis. Classification employed Support Vector Machines, ResNet50, VGG-16, SqueezeNet, and InceptionV3 models. The results showed that all the models performed relatively the same. However, the most effective model was VGG-16 (accuracy = 0.96, F1-score = 0.92). It is an affirmation of the usefulness of artificial intelligence in the detection of the Monkeypox disease. Subject to the approval of national health authorities, the technology can be used to help detect the disease faster and more conveniently. If integrated into a mobile application, it can be members of the public to self-diagnose before seeking official diagnoses from approved hospitals. The researcher recommends further research into the models and building bigger image databases that will power more reliable analyses.


In August 2004 Australia's High Court declared by 4:3 that failed asylum seekers who have nowhere to go can be kept in immigration detention indefinitely. In the Al-Khateb and Al Khafaji cases, the majority said that provided the Immigration Minister retained the intention of eventually deporting such people, detention would remain valid. These cases will be cited by those who argue that basic freedoms for people within Australia's jurisdiction are not adequately protected and there is a need for a national 'bill of rights'. Peter Prince examines the issues.


The utility model relates to an assembled battery connecting device. The device comprises a clamping tongue and a clamping groove which is matched with the clamping tongue, wherein the clamping tongue and the clamping groove are arranged integrally; an inserting groove matched with an electrode lug of a battery is formed in the lower end surface of the clamping tongue or the clamping groove; a metal sheet extending out of the inserting groove is also arranged in the inserting groove. Otherwise, the clamping tongue and the clamping groove are arranged independently; inserting grooves matched with the electrode lug of the battery are formed in the lower end surfaces of the clamping tongue and the clamping groove respectively; a metal sheet extending out of the inserting groove is also formed in each inserting groove. The device is used for assembling individual batteries in a buckling manner. The device for realizing the assembling of the individual batteries is unlikely to fatigue, high in reliability and convenient to assemble or disassemble.


Through literature,expert interviews and other methods,explore a hundred years' history of physical education in China,reveals its development and evolution has five main stages,each stage has a strong and social times,which provide reference for the development of school sports.


The north eastern part of the Northern Territory (NT) is East Arnhem Land. This expanse of Australia is the homeland of the Indigenous Yolngu clans whose forbears occupied the land some 50,000 years ago. These people survived in a nomadic lifestyle of hunter gatherers on their traditional land (Altman, 2002; 2003). Historical records show that from the 17th Century Indigenous Yolngu traded with seafarers from China, the Celebes, Japan, the Netherlands and even sailors navigating the great southern land (Berndt & Berndt, 1999; Worsely, 1955). Over 300 years later within the first quarter of the 20th Century, the Methodist Church began to develop the coastal region of East Arnhem Land, and thus, began the congregation of Indigenous communities (Trudgen, 2000). Living in this inhospitable land obliged the non Indigenous settlers to use available material to establish structures and facilities vital to sustain a string of mission stations. A primary resource was cypress pine (callitris intratropica) which was resistant to termites, the indefatigable predators of other timbers, and this was the beginning of merchandising the timber industry in East Arnhem Land.


The Multiple-Input Multiple-Output(MIMO) radar was proposed in recent years.Using MIMO radar to detect the location of multi-target,a lot of algorithms are failure when the multi-target echo signals are coherent.Concerning this problem,a localization algorithm of coherent multi-target is presented in bistatic MIMO radar.The algorithm constructs virtual array for both the transmit and receiver array to de-correlate the coherent multi-target echo signals,and then the location of multi-target can be obtained.The estimated parameters are automatically paired without additional paring computation.The proposed method avoids the array aperture loss and the performance of angle estimation is improved.Theoretical analysis and simulation results verify the effectiveness of this method.