Reviews from customers who have experience with the software product are an important information decision making for software product acquisition. They usually appear on ecommerce websites or any online download market. If some products have a large number of reviews, customer may not have time to read all of them. Therefore, we need to extract software information characteristic from reviews in order to provide product review representation. Customer can further use it to compare one software product attributes and other products' attributes. Software product quality from user point of view may be used to characterize each software product. ISO 9126 is widely used among software engineer to assess software quality in use. It covers software quality model and contains the quality model characteristic from user perspective: effectiveness, productivity, safety and satisfaction. We propose a methodology for software product reviews mining based on software quality ontology constructed from ISO 9126 and a rule-based classification to finally produce software quality in use scores for software product Representation. The quality in use score for each software characteristic can be used to preliminary determine the quality of the software.


The process of agricultural trade liberalization is continuing around the world since Uruguay Round, but the development of agriculture in developing countries is quite different under this same background.In addition to trade liberalization, the development of agriculture may be affected by many non-trade factors in developing countries, such as the global competitiveness determined by the nation's culture, institutions, economic environment and etc.This paper evaluated the main factors affecting agricultural productivity by using the panel data model.The multinational data used is from World Bank, FAO and other international organizations.The result testified that the agricultural productivity in developing countries is determined by the amount and structure of inputs, affected by the change of agricultural trade structure and can be improved by enhancing global competitiveness and globalization level.


Presented at ESPE, Paris, France, September 2016 Methods and material • Developed on images from the First Zurich Longitudinal Study of 231 healthy children born in 1954-56 and followed with annual X-rays of both hands until the age of 20 years. • Validated on cross-sectional study of healthy children from Los Angeles of four ethnicities. The manual rating is the average of two radiologists' ratings.


HCV infection promotes both a specific immune response against HCV and a nonspecific immune activation, which is more severe in HIV-positive subjects: serum biomarkers of inflammation, bacterial translocation, and endothelial disfunction are significantly higher in case of HIV-HCV coinfection with respect to HIV monoinfection and a significant decrease occurred in case of HCV clearance. Once HCV is eradicated, the HIV involvement in the inflammatory process leading to liver fibrosis may disappear. Low-level plasma HIV viremia is a parameter that can be related to immune activation: the threshold value in copies/mL is object of great debate. Lesko et al reported in a recently published work that common choices below which HIV viral load will be considered suppressed are 20, 50, 200, or 400 copies/mL and even higher plasma HIV-RNA levels were reported. The clinical implications of low-level viremia are still not fully clear because of the differences in populations studied and in study designs but virological failure was associated to the detection of plasma HIV-RNA values between 201 and 500 copies/mL. Now, direct-acting antiviral (DAA) therapy allows HCV eradication in over 95% of HIV-HCV coinfected subjects after a short treatment period. Hence, the treatment of HCV infection can be considered a simple clinical model of inflammatory status regression. The aim of this retrospective longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of HCV-RNA clearance at SVR12 (persistently negative HCV-RNA at 12 weeks after completion of therapy) on CD4+ and CD8+ cell count and percentage and HIV virologic control.


Combination therapy has a role in the treatment of psoriasis, particularly when there is a loss of response with monotherapy using biologic agents. Methotrexate, systemic retinoids, or phototherapy can be part of a combined therapy with biologic agents.


We report on a study of the thermodynamics of the Ginzburg-Landau model for two-dimensional type-II supeconductors near the transition from the normal state to the Abrikosov-lattice state. We couch our analysis in terms of the participation-ratio entropy {ital s}({ital P}), which completely determines the thermodynamics of the system. We report on results for {ital s}({ital P}) obtained analytically using perturbation expansion methods and numerically using Monte Carlo simulation methods and discuss the weak first-order phase transition which occurs in this system in terms of the properties of {ital s}({ital P}).


Transnational operation of Chinese small and medium enterprises is an inevitable trend of enterprise's survival and development under the condition of economic globalization. Currently, transnational operation of Chinese small and medium enterprises exist many issues needed to be addressed due to a lack of effective theories and on the basis of analysis of "comparative advantage,†"Internalization advantage,†and "The advantages of geographical location†of China's medium and small enterprises, trying to propose "compromise†theories of transnational operation of Chinese small and medium enterprises, and empirical analysis, followed by discussion on the countermeasures of transnational operation of Chinese small and medium enterprises.


Extremely small-emitter InP/InGaAs heterojunction bipolar transistors have been fabricated by using a selfalignment technique on MOCVD-grown material. Fabricated devices with a 1×2 μm 2 emitter electrode showed f T exceeding 100 GHz at submilliampere collector currents of I C >0.6 mA. A maximum f T of 163GHz at I C =2.3 mA ranks with the f T =176 GHz achieved by a simultaneously fabricated 2×20 μm 2 transistor at I C =45 mA


The physiological effects of estrogen on the pituitary, including cellular proliferation and regulation of hormone synthesis, are mediated by the nuclear estrogen receptor (ER). The purpose of this study was to determine ontogenetic expression of two types of ERs (ERα and ERβ) in the pituitary using specific antibodies, monoclonal antibody (1D5) for ERα and polyclonal antibody generated against ERβ. First, we confirmed the detection of 66- and 55-kDa bands for ERα and ERβ, respectively, in the rat pituitary extract by Western blotting. Then immunostaining with these antibodies was performed using fetal and adult Wistar rat tissues, combined with PRL or LHβ immunohistochemistry. Intense ERβ signal was detected throughout the pituitary from day 12 of gestation. However, staining for ERα only became detectable from day 17 of gestation. In contrast with the fetal period, nuclei stained for ERα were widely distributed in the anterior lobe in the adult rat, whereas ERβ-positive cells were restricted in the ante...


The following proceedings contain most of the invited and contributed papers presented at the international workshop on "Laser Processing for Semiconductor Devices – Science and Technology" that took place at the Palais du Grande Large in Saint Malo, France, on 1 and 2 October 2007. This workshop brought together more than 20 scientists from 8 countries in the inspiring atmosphere of the historic city of Saint Malo in the heart of the Emerald Coast.

The workshop covered many aspects of laser processing for materials ranging from silicon and its alloys to ferroelectric oxides, high-k dielectrics films, zinc oxide, modeling of the processes, and device fabrication. These and other topics were discussed from a point of view of basic physics as well as current and future applications such as thin-film solar cells, flexible displays, field emission displays, microwave devices, and sensors.

The organizers of the workshop would like to take the opportunity to thank all speakers and participants for their interesting contributions and state-of-the-art research. Combined with vivid discussions it helped making this workshop a successful interdisciplinary event. We also would like to acknowledge the sponsors whose financial support took a considerable share in the successful course of the workshop. Finally, we would like to extend our special thanks to Miss Fabienne Jegousse who provided us with indispensable yet very efficient secretarial support.

Berlin and Rennes, May 2008


The article is devoted to the chapel phenomenon in the village of Zaozyor'ye, Uglich district, Yaroslavl Region, Russia; there the parish of the temple of Our Lady of Kazan used to include about two dozen of chapel structures. The main attention of this article is paid to the collection of lost information about all the chapels of the complex, the consecration of chapels, ceremonies and traditions, associated with them. There are no similar complexes in Russia. The article attempts to search for their analogues on the nearest territory abroad. In this regard, the author examines the large chapel complexes in Poland, known as calvaries (dedicated to Golgotha). In fact, calvaries are kind of spacial markers of some of the scenes of Pashion of the Christ, e.g. him carrying the cross. Some of the European calvaries are devoted exclusively to Mother of God. Seeing an obvious similarity with the European calvaries, dedicated to Virgin Mary, the author comes to the conclusion that in the neighbourhood of Zaozyor'ye there was a local tradition of worshipping Mother of God, which was originally closely related to the mineral spring "Plotnitsy".


Ao is an under-resourced Tibeto-Burman tonal language spoken in Nagaland, India. There are three distinct dialects of the language, namely, Chungli, Mongsen and Changki. The objective of dialect identification is to identify one dialect from the other within the same language family. The goal of this study is to ascertain the potential of excitation source features for automatic dialect identification in Ao. In this direction, Integrated Linear Prediction Residual (ILPR), an approximate representation of source signal, is explored. The log Mel spectrogram of ILPR (SExt) signal is used to exploit the time-frequency characteristics of the excitation source. This work proposes attention based CNN-BiGRU architecture for automatic dialect identification tasks. Additionally, log Mel spectrogram (SV T ), extracted from the pre-emphasized speech signal, is used as a baseline method. The SV T contains the vocal-tract characteristics of the speech signal. A significant performance improvement of (nearly) 6% accuracy is observed when the excitation source feature (SExt) is combined with the vocal tract representation (SV T ). To analyse the effect of segment duration, dialect identification performance is reported for three different durations, viz., 1 sec, 3 sec and 6 sec. The effect of gender in dialect identification task for Ao is also studied in this work.


The UVW velocity components, planar eccentricities, and angular momenta of 878 high-proper-motion stars are determined using the radial-velocity data of Fouts and Sandage (1986) and compared with chemical abundances and photometric parallaxes from the UBV photometry of Sandage and Kowal (1986). The results are presented, along with published data on 247 additional stars, in extensive tables and graphs and characterized in detail. Two approximately equal components are differentiated: a low-velocity component identified as part of the thick disk described by Gilmore and Reid (1983) and a high-velocity halo component. The data are found to support a model of Galactic collapse (with concomitant spinup and progressive chemical enrichment) which includes a rotating bulge (the thick disk) with kinematic and metallicity properties between those of the old thin disk and the halo. 88 references.


conceptual issues in modern human origins research is available in our digital library an online access to it is set as public so you can download it instantly. Our digital library hosts in multiple countries, allowing you to get the most less latency time to download any of our books like this one. Merely said, the conceptual issues in modern human origins research is universally compatible with any devices to read.


Employability skills and capabilities are equally important as academic and technical knowledge in the current job market. Consequently, universities are increasingly focusing on providing employability skills to their students. While universities in Australia are experimenting with various methods for employability embedding, we could not find any framework for embedding employability at the course level. Mapping employability at the course level is non-trivial but necessary to scaffold employability.
e-portfolios form an integral part of employability; however, it is not well defined in the literature how to embed and assess an e-portfolio into a tertiary academic program. Unless an e-portfolio is embedded and assessed in the academic program, the uptake by the students cannot be guaranteed; hence students miss out on the benefits of such an important tool. This paper addresses these two key challenges. It develops an employability embedding framework targeted for a three-year bachelor's program. This framework also enables the embedding and assessment of e-portfolios. The framework is novel as it offers a scaffolded and organic way to embed employability


In the article the author considers the problem of study of professional identity in modern national and foreign psychological and pedagogical research, focuses on the peculiarities of the structure of professional identity of future specialists in the educational environment of the technical secondary school.


Medicinal plants and its constituents used as therapeutics drugs in the health management since ancient time and large population of the world relies on traditional medicine for primary health treatment. However, medicinal plant has opened a new window of research in diseases prevention and treatment due to safe, affordable and easy to access properties. In this vista, Nigella sativa (NS) are commonly used as traditional medicines worldwide in the disease prevention due to less side-effect and affordable properties. NS and its constituents are a rich source of antioxidant, an influential free radical scavenger and also modulator of various biological activities. In this review, we summarized the therapeutics effects of black seed and its constituents in the diseases treatment and prevention through modulation of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, hepato-protective and other genetic activities. Keywords: Nigella sativa, Therapy, Genetic activities, Antioxidant.


Abstract The determination of the structure of the passivation film on samples of cathodicaly treated tinplate was attempted by transmission electron microscopy.By means of ring diffraction patterns the structure was identified as mainly fine grained polycrystalline SnO2 (tetragonal crystal structure) as well as lower oxides of tin in a continuous film. Single crystal diffraction patterns were recorded, showing evidence for particles of metallic β-Sn, metallic chromium and Cr2O3 (hexagonal crystal structure).


Simultaneous switching noise (SSN) continues to play an important role in single-ended signaling systems. Modeling and simulating SSN is quite challenging as it requires a complex system model comprised of numerous signal, power, and ground conductors and planes. An efficient modeling approach based on the special property associated with SSN simulation assumptions was published previously. It assumed a worst case switching noise condition where all SSN aggressors were switching at the same time with same data pattern. Under this assumption, the complexity of the model is drastically reduced by introducing the supernet which is a non-physical net representing all the aggressors' impact. In this paper, we present numerical validation of the previous modeling approach.


The purpose of this paper is to report preliminary results of a research program into hydrophobic stabilization as well as to discuss the use of hydrophobic polymeric dry powders. For pavement construction, it is essential to use source materials that are stable with respect to likely moisture content changes. However, some pavement materials, particularly the local non-standard materials known as marginal materials, can be quite sensitive to water content changes, giving rise to premature pavement distress. Various chemical, cementitious, and polymeric dry powders are available for such stabilization. The results indicate that compaction properties are improved by the hydrophobic additive mixed at 1.5 to 3% dose rates (by weight). Similarly, capillary rise was significantly reduced with the addition of hydrophobe. It was found that the plot of capillary rise against square root of time is close to a straight line, similar to the behavior observed for cementitiously stabilized materials.


Recent developments of low cost off-the-shelf programmable components, their modularity, and also rapid prototyping made educational robotics flourish, as it is accessible in most schools today. They allow to illustrate and embody theoretical problems in practical and tangible applications, and gather multidisciplinary skills. They also give a rich natural context for project-oriented pedagogy. However, most current robot kits all are limited to egocentric aspect of the robots perception. This makes it difficult to access more high-level problems involving e.g. coordinates or navigation. In this paper we introduce an educational holonomous robot kit that comes with an external tracking system, which lightens the constraint on embedded systems, but allows in the same time to discover high-level aspects of robotics, otherwise unreachable.


The use of mobile devices as vital equipment for accessing information on-demand will continue to grow. Presenting requested information effectively on a small screen device is a challenging yet important area of active study. We have developed a prototype system that produces an outline of a web page through visual abstraction. This graphical illustration visualizes the structural layout, characteristics of components, and distributional pattern of search terms in a web document compactly and intuitively. Unlike traditional approaches that display an overview of a web document with an image-based thumbnail, the proposed system shows information using geometric shapes which decrease the data required to present the information. A usability test evaluating users' acceptance of the visualized web contents was conducted. In several areas the participants showed a higher degree of satisfaction using the proposed approach to address the difficulties in exploring web documents on a small screen device. Participants also expressed their preferences and opinions which will be valuable resources in finding future research directions.


The seismic design of offshore oil platform structure requires some parameters such as peak ground motion value, response spectra, duration, and acceleration time-history. Because of the particularity of the structure and form of offshore oil platforms, and the seismic environment in Chinese sea area, there are some particular measures to be taken in seismic effect analysis of the offshore oil platforms. In this paper, some engineering seismic problems involved in the seismic effect analysis of the offshore oil platforms are discussed, including design ground level, scenario earthquake, ground motion attenuation relation, long period ground motion, and so on.


Abstract We study manipulation via pre-arranged matches in the context of centralized two-sided matching markets. We show that the solution that is used to match the hospitals and medical residents in the United States, namely the hospital-optimal stable rule, is manipulable in this way. Unfortunately this is a general problem: We show that there is no solution that is both stable and non-manipulable. Journal of Economic Literature Classification Numbers: C71, C78, D71, D78.


Abstract This paper details the experiences of teachers and children in a class of 3-year-olds following the illness and death of a class member. The children voiced many concerns as they tried to understand the relationship of Marjorie's illness and death to themselves and to their families. The teachers responded to this uneasiness in a variety of ways, always aware of the children's developmental needs and their conceptual understanding of death. The record of children's questions and comments is accompanied by a record of teachers responses, assessment of children's needs and rationale for choosing specific responses; providing an example for others to use in similar situations.


The Telecommunications Advancement Organization (TAO) of Japan, with the support of the ministry of Posts and Telecommunications, has initiated a project in which electronically available text of TV news programs is summarized and synchronized with the speech and video automatically, then superimposed on the original programs for the benefit of the hearing impaired people in Japan. This kind of service has been provided for more than 70% of the TV programs in the United States or in Europe, however, it is available in only 10% of the TV programs in Japan. Most of the closed captions are literal transcriptions of what is being said. Reasons why the availability is low are firstly that thousands of characters are used in the Japanese language, and secondly that the closed captions are produced manually at present and it is a time-consuming and costly task. The project started in 1996 and will end in 2001. Its annual budget is 200 million yen. The main aim of the project is to establish the technology of producing closed captions for TV programs efficiently using natural language processing and speech recognition technology. We describe main research issues and the project schedule, and show the results of preliminary research.


Ouyangxiu and Shijie are important politicians, Confucians and writers in Northern Song Dynasty. They are good friends and colleagues. Their literature thought is a part of new movement of the Culture Revolution of poem and prose. Ouyangxiu advocated as representative at that time. In the process Sunfu, Huyuan, Shijie called Songchusanxiansheng are highly influencial figures. Especially Ouyangxiu and Shijie's companionship is more important. They share thoughts of advancing Confucianism, influencing the Writing style, encouraging people. But they have different opinions in writing style and thoughts. Xikunti, Buddhism and Taoism was violently antagonized by Shijie, but Ouyangxiu has a moderate opposition on them. Ouyangxiu accepted a rhetorical device of Xikunti.


Traffic congestion, and the consequent loss of time, money, quality of life, and higher pollution, is currently one of the most important problems in cities, and several approaches have been proposed to reduce it. In this paper, we propose a novel formulation of the traffic light scheduling problem in order to alleviate it. This novel formulation of the problem allows more realistic scenarios to be modeled, and as a result, it becomes much harder to solve in comparison to previous formulations. The proposal of more advanced and efficient techniques than those applied in past research is thus required. We propose the application of diversity-based multi-objective optimizers, which have shown to provide promising results when addressing single-objective problems. The wide experimental evaluation performed over a set of real-world instances demonstrates the good performance of our proposed diversity-based multi-objective method to tackle traffic at a large scale, especially in comparison to the best-performing single-objective optimizer previously proposed in the literature. Consequently, in this paper, we provide new state-of-the-art algorithmic schemes to address the traffic light scheduling problem that can deal with a whole city, instead of just a few streets and junctions, with a higher level of detail than the one found in present studies due to our micro-analysis of streets.


The Supersonic Wind Tunnel was manufactured and designed to provide facilities for experiments and demonstrations in supersonic and subsonic flow and is suitable for use with two dimensional models. The cross-sectional area of the tunnel was arranged with the primary object of illustrating two-dimensional phenomena in supersonic flow. The tunnel operates on the vacuum principle using a roots type positive displacement vacuum pump. Air is drawn into the tunnel from the atmosphere by way of smoothing screens and a contraction cone where it is accelerated with an accompanying fall in pressure. Further acceleration takes place in the working section. For supersonic working the air passes through a throat at which the velocity is sonic, after which the cross-section increases, allowing further expansion and the development of supersonic velocity. During operation the pressure in the working section is substantially below atmospheric.


This paper describes a model (PUP – Projections for Urban Planning) implemented to forecast the location of housing development and population growth on the fringes of large cities. The model couples the land use and housing unit methods of population forecasting in a GIS framework that delivers a seamless interface between data assembly, modelling, visualisation and analysis. Work has focussed on incorporating spatial relationships, calibration, and visualisation. Three factors are accounted for: land availability; accessibility to facilities and other stimuli; and adjacency to existing development. These are weighted and combined to determine the probable location of future development. Forecasts are available as: GIS readable files; tables; or 3D animations with interactive querying. The model has been implemented in Adelaide but its generic structure yields a flexible, interactive forecasting system to be used as decision support for urban planning in other settings.


The aim of this research is to find out the effectiveness of a modular approach in teaching and learning to assess students' performance, achievement and motivation and to decide if a modular approach is more effective than traditional methods while performing an experiment with two groups of students learning English at a technical university. The researchers consider a modular specification to be a technology in which the content is divided into a number of units or modules, each of which is examined separately. A module is considered to be a set of learning opportunities organized around a well-defined topic which contains elements of instruction, specific objectives, learning activities and self-assessment and evaluation using criteria-referenced measurement. This project combines quantitative and qualitative research methods to address the impact of modular teaching, learning and assessment on engineering students. The authors use a unique modular system and their own book on English Grammar. This experiment shows that students of modular syllabuses find it useful and motivating and say that it encourages them to do better on the next modules. At the same time, modular learning and assessment does not remove the stress and workload of traditional approaches. Teachers in the modular system appreciate the better planning opportunity around the exams and the clarity of the focus of their teaching requirements. Still, the approach and the structure of modules used in the experiment requires improvement and development.


AbstractRemoval of Cu(II) ions from aqueous solution by different adsorbents such as Khangar, bangal gram husk (BGH), and orange mesocarp (OMS) was studied. The equilibrium adsorption level was determined as a function of pH, adsorbent dose, metal ion concentration, and contact time. The working conditions were optimized by using a Taguchi L16 (44) experimental design. Statistical tools viz. signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) and analysis of variance have been used at 95% confidence level for all considered parameters. It was found that pH is the most important parameter for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacities for Cu(II) on Khangar, BGH and OMS adsorbents were found to be 92.14, 90.34, and 85.73%, respectively. Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were used to model the equilibrium adsorption data and it was found that for Khangar both isotherms fit the data. The study revealed that out of three adsorbents Khangar was found to be the most promising adsorbent for the...


Contracts specify the rights and obligations of the contracting parties. Information technologies can make e-contracting more efficient and effective. A process model for flexible B2B e-contracting is proposed that separates concerns by distinguishing function and communication perspectives of e-contracting processes supplemented with activity constraints. The model supports the elaboration of fully detailed e-contracting process specifications, coherent communication between contracting parties, and seamless coupling between the internal and external activities of a company.


12 OCR Output efficiency of 1.4 · 10'°. Combining all the errors assigned to detector response, Monte Carlo, background is large. The estimated uncertainty due to these events is 0.8- 10'°, giving a total uncertainty in the class is well simulated in the Monte Carlo, the uncertainty in the fraction of events of the first class low charged multiplicity events and events with strong initial state bremsstrahlung. Although the second hadronic events is negligible. However, two classes of hadronic decays are not represented in the sample: detector, the loss in average track multiplicity being < 1%; the probability that they are not identified as difference in the efficiency of (1.1 zh 0.4) · 10"3 was found. The selected events are well contained in the with the proper thrust angular distribution. This procedure was repeated with fully simulated events. A eliminated. The acceptance was then recalculated by weighting the events passing the hadron selection 0.2). The events were rotated randomly in space and tracks falling outside the detector acceptance were estimated using real events in which the thrust axis is nearly normal to the beam direction (I cos 01-,.,,,,,| < The uncertainty in the extrapolation to full acceptance coming from the hadronization model has been response for the cut variables [2] is responsible for a systematic error of 0.4 · 10" (0.25 i 0.08)% from two-photon interactions. The limited precision in the simulation of the detector of the increased statistics. The backgrounds are small, (0.32 zh 0.03)% coming from ·r+·r' events and The systematic error of the charged track based selection has been re·evaluated to take advantage reduced by more than a factor two with respect to the previous publications [1, 2].


The needs for ecological engineering, which can design ecosystems that integrate human society and their natural environment for the benefit of both, has increased. The Korean Society of Ecology and Infrastructure Engineering (KSEIE) was established for this purpose and has contributed to the research and development of theories and technologies in related fields. However, the current state of educational services and contents of ecological engineering is still needed to be standardized and systematized. In this paper, we outlined the trends of ecological engineering education at international and domestic levels and proposed a sample services and curriculum, brought from the discussions and suggestions made during the forum, Founding the Education for Ecological Engineering, held by the KSEIE. Education of ecological engineering can nurture people who can design and manage ecosystems for the benefits of human and natural society and can restore ecosystems disturbed artificially. The services and curriculum have to meet and cover the challenges facing the future of ecological engineering; a. the ethical interpretation of the balance between human and nature, b. developing and strengthening its relationship with other scientific disciplines and societies - business, policy, education, and practitioners, c. identify and fuse the key ecological engineering principles into other discipline. We proposed a three layers curriculum system, basic (mathematics, physics, chemistry, biology, etc.), core (ecology, hydrology, engineering, etc.), and advanced subjects. The first two can belong to an undergraduate program and the last two can be put into graduate program. The selection of subjects is according to the purpose and needs of the major.


Molecular structures of 5-formyl-1,2,3-triazoles tautomers were calculated by the B3LYP method at the 6-311++G level both in the gaseous and aqueous phases with full geometry optimization. The geometrical and electronic structure of the tautomers of 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles and their transition states were obtained. The influence of the different 5-substituents and solvent effect on the geometrical structure, energy, and activated energy were discussed. The reaction mechanisms of tautomers of 5-substituted 1,2,3-triazoles were also studied. There are two reaction pathways: (a) intramolecular proton transfer; (b) water-assisted intermolecular transfer. The calculated results showed that process (b) has lower activation energy than (a).


A 5-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat with a history of IMHA (successfully treated a year before) presented as an emergency following a tonic clonic seizure. The diagnosis and treatment of polycythaemia are described.


The deep sequence of Xujiaweizi includes the first number and second number of Quntou Formation,Denglouku Formation,and Jurassic.The deep sequence has its own particular source rock and reservoir,and the gas in it has the special character different from the oil type gas from shallow horizon.We investigated the carbon isotope of methane,and the value of which ranges from-15‰ to -34‰,indicating that the deep gas is relative to deep mudstone.According to addtional data,the author believes that the deep gas is formed by coal.We also investigated the age of the deep gas,which is similar to deep source rocks,but is different from source rock of shallow sequence.The source rock of deep sequence has the value of Pr/Ph above 1.This is the character of coal system.And it is formed in late diagenesis with the Ro ranging from 1.25% to 2.25%,the organic matter is cracked under the temperature above 500℃ during the stage of wet gas and dry gas. The source rocks are controlled by sedimentary facies.The deep scquence has the following sedimentary facies:the fluvial fan,river channel,delta system and lake system,but the source rocks(mudstone)mainly belong to lake system.During the stage of Hushiling,the mudstone only developed in Yingshan subsidence.During the Shahezi stage,the lake system extended to Xingshan sag and Miaotaizi.During the period of Yingchen Formation,sediments extended further,the lake facies produced in the centre of the subsidence. The reservoir rocks and cover rocks are also controlled by sedimentary facies.The reservoir rocks developed in Denglouku Formation,Quantou Formation and Jurassic.The gas reservoirs are formed in sandstones,erosion crust and fracture zone of volcanic rocks.The reservoir is mainly controlled by the sedimentary facies and volcanic fracture zone.The sandstone of Denglouku Formation,Quantou Formation and Jurassic can be good reservoir of gas ,and the conglomerate of Jurassic and the volcanic zone can also be good reservoir.The reservoir developed in the region where both the tectonic unit and the sedimentary facies are suitable for gas preservation.The porosity of deep sequence is not good,but some revervoirs have the good condition.For example,in Denglouku Formation,the porosity increases with the depth,sandstone percentage also increased.The grains became coarser.In the third number of Dengluolu Fm.good reservoir developed there. As for the cover rocks ,there are three series of cover rocks developed there.The mudstone and siltstone developed there ,with the porosity of 1% and permeability of 0.05×10 -3 μm 2.In the Xujiaweizi subsidence,the cover rocks developed in Quantou Formation ,the second number of Denglouku Formation and the Jurassic. We also dealt with the trap type of reservoir and the prospects of gas exploration in this region. There are seven types of trap in deep sequence according to the shape of trap,the ratio of length to width, the style of tectonic and fracture aswellas combination type.These trap types included anticline,fracture nose like rise,fracture step,fracture platform and fracture block. The favorable regions include the Zaozhou-Anda anticline belt,Zaodong-Chaoyanggou anticline belt,Chang wu-Zao dong nose-like structure,we expect to find a big gas trap there. The Anda-Zaozhou anticline belt developed in the northern part of central rise.It is 114km long along the North-south direction,and 21-41 km along the west-east direction with an area of 3 040km 2,there four boreholes which produce gas,these drilling wells includes the Fangsheng-1,Fangsheng-2,Fangsheng-4 and Zao sheng-1,The gas is found in the Denglouku Formation,base erosion crust.Cover rocks are the first and second number of Quantou Formation,and the mudsone of Denglouku Formation. Zaodong-Chaoyanggou anticline belt located in the middle part of the Xujiaweizi subsidence,extending there north-east,with an area of 2 590km 2.There are seven boreholes,only one of them produce gas.This anticline belt locates between Xujiaweizi subsidence and Yingshan subsidence.There are sandy conglomera


By one data group incorporate the extract information for each type to form an index file, one by the data group in the case of administration by incorporating other groups of data, delete the extracted information, and can easily and securely execute processing related to the additional a recording apparatus and a file management method, such as an optical disk is disclosed in. In each slot of the property entry, and information is recorded that indicates the relationship for the different slots extract information is allocated to information, and the same file that indicates ineffectiveness whether the slot, in which the extract information of one file allocation slot the combination is maintained by the property entry. The system control microcomputer, and the property, thumbnail, an optical disk, a video encoder


Increased levels of type I interferon (IFN) and type I IFN–regulated genes are found in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and may be central to its pathogenesis. Mitochondrial antiviral signaling protein (MAVS) is a key regulator of type I IFN that undergoes a dramatic prion‐like aggregation and self propagates the activation signal from viral RNA to amplify downstream IFN production. We undertook this study to determine whether such MAVS aggregates might play a role in the sustained increased production of type I IFN in SLE.


An exact solution is presented for mixing two or more different types of Random Deposition (RD) nonequilibrium surface growth processes. The depositions may be made in a sequential mode, or in a random mode by first randomly choosing the lattice site for deposition. The results hold in all dimensions d. Simulations are presented in d = 1 for comparison. Furthermore, a mean-field type of approach to mixing RD with other surface growth processes is tested against the exact solution.


Based on the papers presented at the Eighth North American Forest Soils Conference; and sponsored by the Soil Science Society of America, Society of American Foresters, Canadian Institute of Forestry, and Canadian Soil Science Society. Financial support provided by USDA Forest Service-Global Climate Change Program, ITFRayonier, Inc., Packaging of America, Georgia Pacific, Container Corporation of America-Jefferson Smurfit Corporation, Champion International Corporation, International Paper Company, and University of Florida-Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences; Gainsville, Florida, May 1993.


Latin teaching is stereotypically associated with rote-learning or as Mount ( Amo , Amas, Amat … And All That, 2006, p. 13 ) summarises the experience: 'learning dreary declensions and conjugations'. When I tell people that I am training to teach Latin, the most common response that I get in reply is something along the lines of 'Oh, I did Latin in school…I wasn't very good at it… but I can still remember – bo , - bis, -bit …' and they continue to conjugate in front of me. For many people their only memory of Latin is a joyless experience of grammar by rote, inspiring such rhymes as the one above. Although currently pedagogically unfashionable, there must be some value in rote-learning if people can still recite grammatical paradigms decades later. Inspired by this, I wanted to explore rote-learning in the modern classroom by utilising current research on methods of teaching Latin in the primary sector. Primary Latin teaching often includes sound and movement to engage learners, whilst retaining a heavy emphasis on grammar. I wanted to explore whether such techniques would work at secondary level.


The preparation methods of polymer microparticles with hollow structure are revi ewed,including self\|assembly approach,template approach and emulsion approach.M ore than 40 papers and patents are referred .


Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue profoundly affects the physical, psychosocial, and occupational aspects of both patients and their families, thereby it results in marked deterioration of the patient's quality of life (QOL) [1] . The prevalence of CRF has been estimated to be occurring in 50% to 90% of cancer patients. This symptom has been found to be associated with sleep disorders, anemia, low performance status etc, due to its multifactorial associations many a times it is under-diagnosed, But if properly screened & treated it can drastically improve the quality of life in cancer patients. Purpose: This study was designed to evaluate:  The overall prevalence of fatigue in cancer patients in our tertiary care centre &  To find out the co-relation of fatigue with age, gender, cancer stage, cancer site anemia, performance status, sleep disorders so that in future we can tailor the treatment of fatigue as per the underlying cause. Results: Fatigue was strongly related to sleeplessness (P < 0.0001) reduced performance status and anemia with Hb< 9gm/dl (p< 0.02). However, CRF was not found to affiliated to any one gender or any particular age group. Conclusions: Prevalance of CANCER RELATED FATIGUE is around 66% in our centre Highly co-related with sleep disturbance. Anemia as per Indian standards (Hb<9gm) is associated with CRF, Higher stage of disease portends higher CRF values, No gender or age bias was noted.


This report provides short descriptions of health plans that may be offered inside and outside of exchanges, and includes information about interaction with other selected ACA provisions. The descriptions are displayed in a side-by-side format to facilitate comparison of exchange and nonexchange plans.


A method, a system for implementing management of radio access network information and a network device are provided, which belong to the communication field. The method includes: system information of destination cell is saved by a network device, the network device is a base station gateway(201); the saved system information of destination cell is sent to a base station(202). The network device includes a storage module and a transmission module. The system for implementing management of radio access network information includes a base station and a network device. The solution proposed by the present invention can reduce the burden of excessive information stream in interfaces.


In many dryland rivers with intermittent flow, relatively deep segments of the river channel serve as refugia for aquatic life during protracted intervals between flows. Semipermanent channel segments are known as waterholes in the semiarid Cooper Creek system of western Queensland. Fractional water loss by evaporation was estimated in 15 Cooper waterholes from the increase in conservative ion (Na+ and Cl−) concentrations and independently from evaporative fractionation of oxygen and hydrogen isotopes in water. The major solute chemistry and isotope results indicated that evaporative water loss controlled the water levels between flows and that the surface waters were effectively isolated from underlying groundwater that had a distinctive chemical and isotopic composition. Fractional water loss rates combined with stage‐volume relationships for each basin showed a mean evaporative loss rate of 2.1 m yr−1; during that time (April‐October 2002), pan evaporation averaged 2.5 m yr−1. Site‐specific extrapolation of those estimated evaporative loss rates indicated that the waterholes would dry to 10% of their bankfull volumes in 6‐23 months, although those estimates were based on sampling in 2002, when pan evaporation rates were 18% higher than the long‐term mean. These persistence times show the importance of occasional, irregular flow pulses in sustaining these aquatic refugia; the desiccation of waterholes could become more common if future water withdrawals reduce the frequency and intensity of river flows to the point where they occur less often than annually.


The source regions of traveling convection vortices (TCV) observed in the dayside magnetosphere outside the near noon sector have been mapped to magnetospheric locations within the outer radiation belt, but not to the Central Plasma Sheet (CPS) as claimed by Yahnin and Moretta [1996] and Yahnin et al. [1997]. Their suggested connection between TCV and the CPS is based on the unjustified application of terminology traditionally used for the auroral precipitation structure in the nightside magnetospheric sector [Winningham et al. 1975] to the late morning‐noon sector. This is a case where an important finding on the location of TCV with respect to natural magnetospheric boundaries has been presented using misleading terminology, which leads to an incorrect physical interpretation of the result. Hence this Comment emphasizes the need for a critical reexamination and modification of the "traditional" terminology concerning the plasma domain structure in the magnetosphere.


In this paper, we describe a numerical approach to evaluate Feynman loop integrals. In this approach the key technique is a combination of a numerical integration method and a numerical extrapolation method. Since the computation is carried out in a fully numerical way, our approach is applicable to one-, two- and multi-loop diagrams. Without any analytic treatment it can compute diagrams with not only real masses but also complex masses for the internal particles. As concrete examples we present numerical results of a scalar one-loop box integral with complex masses and two-loop planar and non-planar box integrals with masses. We discuss the quality of our numerical computation by comparisons with other methods and also propose a self consistency check.


Noises generated from turbulent cavity flows are predicted by directly solving unsteady compressible Navier-Stokes equations. To resolve small acoustic fluctuations in the cavity flow, equations are spatially discretized with high-order-accurate discontinuous Galerkin method on unstructured meshes. Diffusion terms are formulated using auxiliary variables. To model turbulence, Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes equations adopting Wilcox's k-ω model are solved. One-dimensional characteristic boundary conditions are applied with buffer zone to prevent wave reflections at boundaries. Steady turbulent flow over a flat plate is solved to validate the developed algorithm and the friction coefficients are well predicted. Lastly, the algorithm is applied to an unsteady turbulent flow over a cavity. The computed resonant frequencies of noise are in good agreement with experimentally measured ones.


The purpose of this study was to explore the process of those who leave baseball clubs. Therefore, this study was meaningful to provide basic data for community baseball members or club leaders to enjoy baseball in the long term. For this purpose, in-depth interviews were conducted with those who left baseball, and inductive category analysis was used. In order to ensure the quality of the research in the process of data collection and analysis, triangulation, member check, and peer debriefing were conducted. As a result of the study, it was found that 'lack of enthusiasm' showed the 'lack of opportunities' and 'lack of athletic ability compared to others'. 'Time and physical conflicts' were analyzed by 'lack of facilities', 'high cost and much more time than other sports'. Also, 'in the confrontation of values to pursue', 'conflict with team members' and 'obsession with competition rather than fun' were shown. Also, in the re-participation of baseball players in society, "change in baseball rules for social workers", "advancement into other leagues" and "efforts to improve skills" were formed. In addition, each of the sub-factors includes ''flexible line-up management'', ''move to league according to ability'', ''moving to near physical league'', ''increase of skill through lesson'' and ''utilization of mercenary league'' appeared.


Technology is forming a society of do-it-yourselfers, in which customers can perform services on their own, without the help of live tellers. However, customers with insufficient knowledge of technology may not be ready for Self-Service Technologies (SSTs) to serve themselves, thus weakening their intent to adopt SSTs in delivering service. Identifying users' attitudes toward using online service via SSTs is a critical issue for providers, particularly for government agencies. This study presents a theoretical model to examine and explain taxpayers' willingness to adopt the personal income tax-filing system, which is a typical enhanced self-service information system (SSIS). Moreover, readiness to use technology has been addressed on the individual level in the context of mental status by revealing the effect of individual's beliefs on taxpayers' acceptance of online taxation systems (OTS). The managerial implications and recommendations are provided.


A novel set of polycarbonate-based polyurethane were prepolymerized by 1,6-hexamethylene diisocyanate and polycarbonate diol,and then chain-extended by lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride,1,4-butanediol and 2,2-dimethylol propionic acid.The polyurethane films were prepared by the solvent evaporation method.The polyurethane films were characterized by FT-IR and AFM.The mechanical properties were tested to study the influence of different soft-segment,hard-segment and the chain-extender content on the mechanical strength of PU.The polyurethane chain-extended by lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride was utilized for cell culture to test its toxicity.Experimented data show that the mechanical properties of films increase with increasing of hard-segment content.The mechanical strength of the films chain-extended by lysine ethyl ester dihydrochloride is the best among three chain-extenders.Meanwhile,the initial cell culture experiments show that the film has good compatibility cells.


Simple Summary Chronic inflammation is known to drive cancer initiation and progression in the liver and other organs. In different genetic mouse models, the role of the pro-inflammatory kinase Tak1 in liver cancer development has been controversial so far. To clarify the role of Tak1 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), we investigated the expression of Tak1 in a large and clinicopathologically well-characterized patient cohort with HCC. In human livers and HCCs, Tak1 is predominantly present in its isoform Tak1A localizing to the cell nucleus. Tak1 is upregulated in HCCs of the diethylnitrosamine mouse model as well as in human HCCs, independent of etiology, and is further induced in distant metastases. Overexpression of the isoform Tak1A in the HCC cell line Huh7 resulted in increased tumor cell migration, whereas overexpression of full-length Tak1 had no significant effect. In human HCCs, high nuclear Tak1 expression is associated with vascular invasion and short overall survival. Abstract Although knowledge on inflammatory signaling pathways driving cancer initiation and progression has been increasing, molecular mechanisms in hepatocarcinogenesis are still far from being completely understood. Hepatocyte-specific deletion of the MAPKKK Tak1 in mice recapitulates important steps of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development, including the occurrence of cell death, steatohepatitis, dysplastic nodules, and HCCs. However, overactivation of Tak1 in mice upon deletion of its deubiquitinase Cyld also results in steatohepatitis and HCC development. To investigate Tak1 and Cyld in human HCCs, we created a tissue microarray to analyze their expression by immunohistochemistry in a large and well-characterized cohort of 871 HCCs of 561 patients. In the human liver and HCC, Tak1 is predominantly present as its isoform Tak1A and predominantly localizes to cell nuclei. Tak1 is upregulated in diethylnitrosamine-induced mouse HCCs as well as in human HCCs independent of etiology and is further induced in distant metastases. A high nuclear Tak1 expression is associated with short survival and vascular invasion. When we overexpressed Tak1A in Huh7 cells, we observed increased tumor cell migration, whereas overexpression of full-length Tak1 had no significant effect. A combined score of low Cyld and high Tak1 expression was an independent prognostic marker in a multivariate Cox regression model.


Methods for subdividing a pasty molding composition, characterized in that for cutting the pasty molding material is brought into contact with at least one stream containing at least one fluid medium in contact.


In order to realize the knowledge transaction in large research organizations, on the basis of the analysis of knowledge resources in large research organizations and research on related and abroad literatures, knowledge resource evaluation index system is established, calculation methods of index and weight are introduced, the model of knowledge seller and buyer is constructed. What's more, three different knowledge transaction modes are illustrated. Knowledge pricing process is explained by game theory model, the transaction price can be calculated using the transaction model. Overall, methods in this paper can increase the research capability and competitiveness of research organizations.


Consumption of halal and thayyib food  will make it easier for someone to do good deeds, this is mentioned in the Qur'an Surah Al Maidah verse 88. Halal is goods that are not haram, consuming them is not prohibited by religion. At least, the prohibition can be divided into two aspects. First, haram in essence or materially has been declared haram by the Shari'a, such as pigs, carrion, and blood. Second, haram is not in essence, but can be from the way of buying, obtaining, or processing the goods. Thayyib means something that is holy, not unclean, and not disgusting which is not liked by the soul. Whoever eats unlawful food, whether he wants it or not, his limbs will tend to sin, whether he realizes it or not. Whoever eats halal food, surely his limbs will obey and be given God's guidance to do good.


Objective To explore the factors affecting myoglobin clearance in the treatment of crush syndrome with high volume continuous hemofiltration. Methods High volume continuous venous-venous hemofiltration was performed in 3 patients with crush syndrome-induced acute renal failure as a result of Wenchuan earthquake in China. Orthogonal design was applied in present study for taking the actual screening coefficient of myoglobin as the evaluation criterion, and the blood flow, type of filter and therapy time were the factors studied. Each factor was designed in three levels: blood flow including 180, 220 and 250 ml/min; type of filter including APF-10S, HF1200 and AV600; therapy time including 1, 4 and 8 hours. The screening coefficients of filter myoglobin were calculated and compared according to the conditions of different blood flow, types of filter and treatment time. Results There were significant differences between the screening coefficients of myoglobin with different treatment time (P=0.028). And the screening coefficients of filter myoglobin declined with the increase of treatment time. The screening coefficients of filter myoglobin were affected by neither types of filter (P=0.427) nor blood flow (P=0.117). Conclusions The results of present study have demonstrated that therapy time is the main factor affecting myoglobin clearance during high volume continuous venous-venous hemofiltration, and that regular change of filters may enhance myoglobin clearance during continuous venous-venous hemofiltration.


Summary The aroma of strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) is one of the most iconic fruit scents. Over 360 different aromatic compounds have been identified from strawberry. In order to analyse patterns of inheritance in the biosynthesis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in strawberry, 40 hybrid strawberry plants from a cross between 'Camarosa' (♀) and 'Benihoppe' (♂) that emitted different scents were characterised. The 89 most abundant VOCs synthesised by the parents and the hybrid progeny were identified, and the relative contents of the VOCs among individual progeny plants were used to study the inheritance of aroma-related traits. Methyl butanoate, ethyl butanoate, hexyl hexanoate, methyl hexanoate, octyl caproate, ethyl caprylate, and hexyl acetate were detected in > 75.0% of the progeny plants and were the most common VOCs. The important VOC, nerolidol, appeared to be inherited in a qualitative manner, while linalool was inherited quantitatively. An analysis of the inheritance of these major VOCs should help breeders select suitable material with the potential for improved aroma, and assist in future selection and breeding processes.


A benchmark dataset is required for the development of an efficient and a reliable recognition system. Unfortunately, no comprehensive benchmark dataset exists for handwritten Devnagari optical document recognition research, at least in the public domain. This paper is an effort in this direction. In here, we introduce a comprehensive dataset that we referred to as CPAR-2012 dataset, for such benchmark studies, also present some preliminary recognition results. The dataset includes 35,000 isolated handwritten numerals, 83,300 characters, 2,000 constrained and 2,000 unconstrained handwritten pangrams. It is organized in a relational data model that contains text images along with their writer's information and related handwriting attributes. We collected the handwriting samples from 2,000 subjects who were chosen from different age, ethnicity, and educational background, regional and linguistic groups. The samples reflect expected variations in Devnagari handwriting. The digit recognition results using recognition schemes that uses simple most features & four neural network classifiers & KNN, and classifier ensemble have also been reported for benchmarking. Key-Words: Benchmark Dataset, Character Extraction, Devnagari Handwritten Numeral Recognition, KNearest Neighborhood Classifier (KNN), Neural Networks Classifiers.


Hand Foot and Mouth Disease is a common childhood skin infection that could quickly develop into a severe case. It spreads easily, with R0 typically above 2. At school, an individual class could be closed for several days. The school could be closed for clean-up. All these closings become an economic burden, especially in the low-income population, that could be prevented or mitigated by a quick response once the disease is first detected. This paper experimented with various combinations of existing image processing and recognition techniques. A state-of-the-art method was discovered to effectively detect lesions of the Hand Foot and Mouth Disease. The results show that color-space conversion as preprocessing followed by segmentation using the KMeans-Morphological process, GLCM and Mean for feature extraction, and Support Vector Machine classifier performed best for the Hand Food and Mount Disease image recognition.


The most valuable resource in wireless communication is spectrum and we are facing a shortage of spectrum to accommodate growing demand of wireless users. Recent studies have shown that allocated spectrum is underutilized. Cognitive radio networks have gained a significant interest because this technology has the ability to alleviate the problem of spectrum underutilization. In this paper, we have studied the cognitive radio networks in terms of throughput for different setting of system parameters. We have also investigated throughput in terms of Probability of Undetectable Primary User Transmission and it has been observed that with the increase in throughput, PUPT also increases.


In recent decades many countries have been attempted to measure and formulate customer satisfaction index (CSI), as an important factor in micro and macro-economic level. In most presented CSI models, product or service attributes have been considered as the basic criteria of satisfaction while social factors play important role in mental picture of satisfaction concept. One of the most important factors is ethics. On the other hand factors considered in the national customer satisfaction index model derived from the cultural, social and business environment of each country. Accordingly, this paper examines the impact of Islamic business ethics, as prevalent ethics in Iran, on Iranian customer satisfaction.�Therefore, after considering the role of ethics as a primary factor in customer satisfaction models and role of Islamic ethics in the Iranian business, Conceptual model of research has been presented. Model Relationships have been examined by Lisrel software and using structural equation modeling approach. The results show the impact of Islamic business ethics on customer satisfaction and it can be considered as one of the primary factors in Iranian customer satisfaction index model. omersatisfactionindexmodel,�customerloyalty� �


The research presented in the article is the basis for the subsequent development of the concept of religious tourism development in the framework of the expansion of domestic and inbound Russian tourism. Based on various ideas about religious tourism and pilgrimage, the authors assessed the current state of religious tourism, clarified the conceptual framework; conducted a study of the system of marketing and promotion of pilgrimage and religious tourism, evaluated the activities of pilgrimage centers for organizing domestic tours and international trips; identified opportunities and problems that limit the development of religious tourism and provided recommendations for overcoming them. The results of the study of the current state and prospects for the development of religious tourism, in general, are significant and can be used by the pilgrim services of the Russian Orthodox Church, tourist associations, and organizations in the development and implementation of measures for the development of religious tourism based on existing and reviving spiritual centers of the Russian Orthodox Church.


To research the interaction and factors of the series inverters of the distributed power flow controller, the structure and the control principle of the series inverters are discussed in detail. The simulation is conducted in four sections, which are divided in the choice of target value, the given time of the target value, the electric distance and the number of the series inverters. It was the factors that revealed in these experiments, and how the factors influence is explained. In all, these are foundation of the application in the actual power grid of the distributed power flow controller.


Background. Congenital syphilis is a severe intrauterine infection which, affecting most of the organs and systems of a child, can lead to his disability. However, it is extremely difficult to suspect congenital syphilis in a child in the absence of information about prior syphilis in his mother. The article presents a case of a monosymptomatic clinical picture of early congenital syphilis. Description of the Clinical Case . At the age of 1 month, the child had hyperemia, isolated edema of the right forearm, and restriction of limb movements. He was examined by a pediatrician who suspected a fracture of the forearm bones. X-ray did not show any fracture. The situation was regarded as an allergic reaction; desensitizing therapy was prescribed during which the range of movements in the right arm slightly increased. At the age of 2 months, there was a decrease in the range of movements in the left arm. On admission, the condition was regarded as moderate one. No fever; no signs of intoxication. Skin and visible mucous membranes were not changed. Cardiopulmonary activity was satisfactory. The abdomen was palpable in all compartments, painless. The liver was enlarged 6 cm, of dense consistency. The spleen was enlarged 5 cm. Bowel and bladder functions were normal. Neurological status: the reaction to examination was adequate, emotional cry. Cranial nerves without pathology. Can see and hear. Restricted range of movements in the arms; passive movements were painful. Muscle tone in the arms was low, in the legs — closer to physiological one. Equal and brisk tendon reflexes from the arms and legs. Large fontanel 1.5[1]1.5 cm, not protruded. X-ray examination of the forearm bones showed a change in the structure of the epiphyses of both forearm bones that was common to syphilitic osteochondritis. Conclusion . The article describes the complexity of diagnosis of early congenital syphilis in a child aged 2 months in the absence of a corresponding anamnesis in his mother. The need to rule out syphilitic infection in infants with motor impairments, born from unexamined mothers, has been emphasized.


In this paper we deal with infinite horizon optimal control problems. Basing on weak variations in an extremal problem in weighted Lebesgue and Sobolev spaces we prove necessary conditions in form of the adjoint equation and a variational inequality. The obtained optimality conditions imply several transversality conditions and the validity of Mangasarian and Arrow type sufficiency conditions. Moreover, a differential game with Weibull distributed cost functionals is considered.


In this study, we performed hand massage on individuals with mental disorder, based on a so touch skin contact method developed by us. In addition, we elucidated the changes before and a er the intervention using autonomic activity indices, such as heart rate variability and amylase, and psychological indices, such as anxiety, the degree of relaxation, the level of fatigue, desire for conversation and the sense of intimacy. e subjects were 10 individuals with mental disorder living in a community (mean age 56.7±14.9 years) who underwent 15 min of face-to-face hand massage in a sitting position following loading with the Uchida–Kraepelin test. A comparative analysis conducted for each index before and a er the intervention revealed a signi cant decrease in the heart rate and a signi cant increase in pNN50 a er the intervention. e State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) score showed signi cant decreases in both state and trait anxieties a er the intervention, and a subjective evaluation using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) showed a signi cant reduction in the level of fatigue alone. Desire to converse with and the sense of intimacy toward the practitioner was increased by ≥50% following the intervention. No signi cant di erence in salivary α-amylase was observed between the state at rest and before and a er the intervention. In addition to enhancing the parasympathetic activity and causing a reduction in anxiety and subjective fatigue, our study indicates that hand massage has a favourable e ect on psychological distance from the practitioner and has nurse–patient relationships forming of possible applications.


The emulsion copolymerization behavior of α-methylstyrene with methacrylonitrile is described. The effects of polymerization temperature, potassium persulfate initiator concentration, sodium lauryl sulfate emulsifier concentration on copolymer yield, molecular weight, and rate of copolymerization are described. The copolymer was found to have an azeotropic composition at 43 mole-% AMS. Reactivity ratios were determined to be 0.06 and 0.28 for AMS and MAN, respectively.


Previous claims to have resolved the two-envelope paradox have been premature. The paradoxical argument has been exposed as manifestly fallacious if there is an upper limit to the amount of money that may be put in an envelope; but the paradoxical cases which can be described if this limitation is removed do not involve mathematical error, nor can they be explained away in terms of the strangeness of infinity. Only by taking account of the partial sums of the infinite series of expected gains can the paradox be resolved.


Adolf Furtwangler's concept of Roman copies and lost Greek originals has been largely dismantled in recent scholarship. Nevertheless, Romans created a sophisticated visual vocabulary which included direct quotations of Greek models, as well as allusions to styles associated with particular periods or individual Greek artists.

The art-historical consciousness of Roman artists, patrons and visually literate viewers was not limited to the elite, but also pervaded works of private funerary art which often employed recognizably Greek compositions and body types for rhetorical effect in order to access abstract concepts of heroism, virtue and apotheosis. Ultimately, sculptural quotations and replications from the Greek are not symptomatic of a derivative and imitative artistic culture, but rather reveal a highly original and particularly Roman aesthetic of hybridity.


The invention discloses a preparation method of octanohydroxamic acid. The preparation method includes: dissolving hydroxylamine hydrochloride into an aqueous alcohol medium, adding n-octoate to form a two-phase reaction system, slowly adding an alkaline solution, and then heating to 25-55 DEG C to perform reaction. The preparation method has the advantages that pure octanohydroxamic acid with purity being above 99% and yield being above 90% can be obtained, and aqueous alcohol medium obtained through centrifugal separation can be reused for multiple times; the method is mild in reaction condition, high in yield, convenient in post-processing, stable in yield, capable of greatly reducing production cost and waste liquid processing cost, convenient to operate, short in reaction time, low in waste liquid amount, economic, practicable, easy in industrial production and effective, and the aqueous alcohol reaction medium can be reused for multiple times.


We propose the use of reflection zone plates (RZP) for two main applications: focusing and spectroscopy. A RZP combines three optical properties – reflection, imaging and dispersion – in one optical element. Having been successfully implemented into an X-ray fs-beamline at BESSY II, RZPs could be an important device in upcoming new high brilliance X-ray sources such as Free Electron Lasers (FEL). The reduction of the number of optical elements in a beamline would allow the highest possible transmission and satisfy the purpose of conserving the unique properties of FELs such as their high coherence.


The Tibetan plateau is characterized by the thickest continental crust on Earth (60~80 km) with a hot and soft lower crust, due to Indo—Asian continental collision since Paleocene. However, when and how this continental collision happened has long been a subject of debates. Three suites of the Paleocene—Eocene igneous rocks developed along the Gnagdese belt in Tibet provide new constraints on them. These three igneous suites include (1) about 5000m thick, Linzizong volcanic successions (LVS), uncomformably covering the Cretaceous sedimentary sequences, and syn-collisonal crust-derived granites near the eastern Himalayan syntax, (2) gabbro and granitoid intrusions, both formed two parallel belts along the Gnagdese, and (3) basaltic subvolcanic districts associated with LVS. The LVS rocks are calc-alkaline and shoshonitic, andesite-dacite-rhyolite, with depletion in HFSE (Nb, Ta, Hf, Zr, P) and enrichment in LREE and LILE (K, Rb), but low-abundance of Ba and Sr. Sr-Nd-Pb systematics suggest a wedge mantle source metaomatied by fluids from the Neo-Tethyan oceanic-slab subduction, with minor lower-crustal contribution. ~ 40 Ar/ ~ 39 Ar dating yielded a range of erupting age of 65~44 Ma for the LVS. The syn-collisional granites are composed of muscovite granite with ~ 40 Ar/ ~ 39 Ar age of 65~58 Ma and monzogranite and syenitic granites with peaking at 53 Ma and 42 Ma, respectively. The muscovite granites have high ASI (1.02~2.63) and high Rb/Sr (257~404) and Rb/Ba ratios (13~40), and high ( ~ 87 Sr/ ~ 86 Sr)_i (0.710) and low e _ Nd (-7), suggesting a crustal anatexis related to Indo—Asian collision at ~65 Ma. The monzogranite and syenitic granites are potassic calc-alkaline, according to Barbarin (1990), reflecting a stress regime transformed from compression (65~54 Ma) to relaxation (53~42 Ma). The gabbro and granitoid plutons intruded the Gangdese arc granite batholiths, along which they extend in EW for 1500 km. Available dating data gave an age range of 41~52 Ma for granitoid plutons, whereas SHRIMP U-Pb age of zircons from six gabbro intrusions yielded an identical, but narrower range of 47.0~52.5 Ma, than that of associated granitoid. The granitoid is characterized by hosted numerous MME similar to gabbro in compositions and positive e_ Nd values (2~5), whereas gabbros have similar Sr-Nd signature to MORB. The granitoids are transitional between adakite and arc granites geochemically, suggesting a large contribution of mantle components. While, gabbros do not exhibit arc geochemical characteristics, such as deposition in HFSE and enrichment in LILE, suggesting a subcontinental lithospheric mantle source for the mafic magmas. They are interpreted by the break-off of the subducted Indian slab at about 53 Ma; the latter also resulted in UHP rocks and exhumation in the NW Himalaya (Leech et al., 2005). Although no enough data define spatial distribution of the basaltic subvolcanic rocks in the Gangdese belt, an ~ 40 Ar/ ~ 39 Ar age of 42 Ma indicates that these mafic rocks are the last-epoch products, and mark the end of the Indo—Asian main collision. These rocks are tholeiitic and calc-alkaline, a few of them have high Mg~# values (0.6~0.75) with high Cr (400×10~ -6 ~750×10~ -6 ) and V (220×10~ -6 ~320×10~ -6 ), with flat REE patterns, a typical feature of primary basaltic magmas. Trace element abundance patterns normalized by primitive mantle show strongly depletion in LILE (K, Rb, Ba). ( ~ 87 Sr/ ~ 86 Sr)_i (0.7045~0.7065) and e _ Nd (0.0~+4.8), similar to those of MORB, suggest that these basaltic magmas were derived from depleted upper mantle. A plausible interpretation is upwelling of the athenospheric materials through slab-window, accompanying the delamination of the Indian slab at about 42 Ma, which in turn led to initiation of low-angle subduction by the end of the main-collision between Indian and Asian continents (65~41 Ma).


— Load forecasting is very essential to the operation of electricity companies. It enhances the energy-efficient and reliable operation of a power system. This paper presents a study of short-term load forecasting using neuro-fuzzy approach to electric load forecasting. The neuro-fuzzy is used to learn the relationship among past, current and future temperatures and loads. In order to provide the forecasted load, the neuro-fussy interpolates among the load and temperature data in a training data set. We analyze the problem domain and choose the most adequate set of attributes in our model. To obtain the best performance in prediction we follow an experimental approach analysing the entire neuro-fuzzy technique. The main stages are the pre-processing of the data sets, network training, and forecasting. The inputs used for the neural network are the previous hour load, previous day load, previous week load, day of the week, and hour of the day. The neural network used has 3 layers: an input, a hidden, and an output layer. I. INTRODUCTION Forecasting is a phenomenon of knowing what may happen to a system in the next coming time periods. In electrical power systems, there is a great need for accurately forecasting the load and energy requirements because electricity generations as well as distribution are a great financial liability to the state exchequer. Accurate load forecast provides system dispatchers with timely information to operate the system economically and reliably. Load forecasting is a very crucial issue for the operational planning of electric power systems, especially for the isolated ones. It helps in electric utility to make important decisions including decisions on purchasing and generating electric power, load switching, and infrastructure development. Load forecasts are extremely important for energy suppliers, ISOs, financial institutions, and other participants in electric energy generation, transmission, distribution, and markets. Owing to the importance of load forecasting, a wide variety of models have been proposed in the last two decades, such as the exponential smoothing model, state estimation model, multiple linear regression model and stochastic time series model. Generally, these techniques are based on statistical methods and extrapolated past load However, the techniques employed for those models use a large number of complex and non-linear relationships between the load and these factors behaviour. Therefore, some new forecasting models have been recently introduced. As a result of the development of artificial intelligence (AI), expert systems, artificial neural networks (ANNs), and fuzzy systems have …


1) Eighteen male and 18 female rabbits were intravenously injected with glucose and curves representing change in blood sugar level were classified into 4 types-exponential, humped curve, sigmoid and straight line-the frequency of each type being investigated.It was found out that the humped curve type had the highest frequecy for the rabbit occurring in half of all the examined cases, and the exponential type only in 1/4.There was no difference by sex in the frequency.2) Animals of the humped curve, the sigmoid and the straight line types tended to have lower insulin sensitivity.3) The administration of insulin tended to transform all types other than the exponential one into this.This effect was more evidently demonstrated when zinc-protamin-insulin was subcutaneously injected 20hours before the glucose administration than when the regular insulin was given together with glucose.


In the century since the description of the orthoclad genus Paratrichocladius Santos‐Abreu (Diptera: Chironomidae), separation in any life stage from the cosmopolitan, diverse Cricotopus Wulp has been problematic. Molecular analysis reveals the presence of two species in Australia that conform in morphology to Paratrichocladius and which form a well‐supported clade including Paratrichocladius micans (Kieffer) from Africa and a distinct southern African larva. This clade clusters with taxa allied with Cricotopus albitibia (Walker), in turn nested within all other sampled Australian Cricotopus. Relevant nodes strongly support Cricotopus as nonmonophyletic without inclusion of Paratrichocladius. We synonymize Paratrichocladius with Cricotopus syn.n, treating Paratrichocladius as a subgenus. Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) australiensis Cranston sp.n. is described for Trichocladius pluriserialis Freeman from Australia, which is not the same species under that name in New Zealand. Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) bifenestrus Cranston sp.n. from Australia is described, also in all life stages. The many new combinations, listed in an Appendix, include three replacement names for new secondary homonyms, namely: Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) sinobicinctus Cranston & Krosch nom.n. for Paratrichocladius bicinctus Fu, Sæther & Wang, Cricotopus draysoni Cranston & Krosch nom.n. for Cricotopus brevicornis Drayson, Krosch & Cranston, and Cricotopus (Paratrichocladius) sikhotealinus Makarchenko & Makarchenko nom.n. for Cricotopus orientalis Kieffer. We conclude with comments on wider issues in the taxonomy of Paratrichocladius, especially concerning New Zealand species.


: With the wide application of condition based maintenance (CBM) in aircraft maintenance practice, the joint optimization of maintenance and inventory management, which can take full advantage of CBM and reduce the aircraft operational cost, is receiving increasing attention. In order to optimize the inspection interval, maintenance decision and spare provisioning together for aircraft deteriorating parts, fi rstly, a joint inventory management strategy is presented, then, a joint optimization of maintenance inspection and spare provisioning for aircraft parts subject to the Wiener degradation process is proposed based on the strategy. Secondly, a combination of the genetic algorithm (GA) and the Monte Carol method is developed to minimize the total cost rate. Finally, a case study is conducted and the proposed joint optimization model is compared with the existing optimization model and the airline real case. The results demonstrate that the proposed model is more bene fi cial and effective. In addition, the sensitivity analysis of the proposed model shows that the lead time has higher in fl uence on the optimal results than the urgent order cost and the corrective maintenance cost, which is consistent with the actual situation of aircraft maintenance practices and inventory management.


Lately it has been demonstrated that extremely low intensity millimeter therapy could represent an important new technological method, universal and effective in the treatment of diseases with various etiologies. In this way, millimeter waves have crystallized into a new branch of modern biophysics and cellular studies and are used extensively in medicine and biotechnology. Thus, in the present report, we will try to describe a new original theory regarding the interaction mechanism between extremely high frequency electromagnetic waves and their biological environment. This could be quite important since so far there has not been developed a general theory on the relations between extremely high frequency/extremely low intensity electromagnetic waves and the biological environment, at various levels of organization: submolecular, molecular, cellular, the organ level or the entire organism. In this way, the present paper was designed to contribute to the development and understanding of millimeter wave's interaction with the biological entities and to propose a new alternative biophysical and cellular mechanism to explain the biological effects inherent to the electromagnetic millimeter field.


The aim of this essay is to discuss bodies and discourses that question and confront gender norms and all possibilities of control of bodies in formative institutions. In order to do so, we analyzed three field research scenes, performed in different times and spaces. We show that they take place in the formative practices and spaces, there are several areas of subversion to norms and we face the control of bodies, as well as to show that these are dispute places, that in our research we do not generally privilege the discourses which subvert.


ABSTRACT Shannon's entropy theory measures the average uncertainty in the outcomes of an event. Since drought monitoring is an important issue, it is imperative to develop more user-friendly, modern methods for it. The present study investigates the uncertainty of the difference between monthly mean precipitation and potential evapotranspiration utilizing Shannon's entropy over short-, mid-, and long-term dynamic time scales in the Karkheh Basin of Iran. An entropy-based precipitation–evapotranspiration index (EPEI) is defined for drought classification. EPEI is compared with the standardized precipitation–evapotranspiration index (SPEI) in terms of spatiotemporal patterns. The results indicate a higher similarity between EPEI and SPEI under existing conditions with low average precipitation. Over short scales, both indices yield similar results in duration, frequency, and intensity. Over long scales, the consistency of the drought duration, frequency, and intensity results declines. The main difference between the two is the EPEI's ability to determine the early onset of the drought event.


ABSTRACT In recent years, China's financial sector has gradually been alienated from the real sector, allowing financial innovation and regulatory arbitrage add their own value to finance. High interest rates in the financial industry have led to changes in the real sector, revealing a trend toward "financialization" and "quasi-financialization"; a typical example of this includes nonfinancial enterprises' shadow banking activities. In this article, we use annual data from 2004 to 2015 of A share listed companies on the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Exchanges, to examine the influence of nonfinancial enterprises' shadow banking activities on business performance. The results show that, overall, enterprises' shadow banking activity improve operating performance. In addition, from the perspective of earning structure, nonfinancial enterprises' shadow banking business increases financial benefits, but has a significantly negative effect on operating income. Further tests show that enterprises engaged in shadow banking activities will impact operating income through the two intermediary variables of investment scale and investment efficiency. However, the negative effect of investment in crowding out operating income is greater than that of the efficiency-improving effect on operating income. This article provides policy guidance in terms of recognizing diverse aspects of shadow banking system that divorce the real economy from the financial economy.


Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) has been used to investigate chromium ions in single crystals of CdGeAs2 grown by the horizontal gradient freeze technique. Signals from Cr2+ and Cr4+ ions were observed near 12 K. The Cr2+ ions have the 3d4 configuration with S=2 and substitute at the cadmium sites, while the Cr4+ ions have the 3d2 configuration with S=1 and substitute at the germanium sites. As a result, each impurity represents a neutral center. Both EPR spectra display the tetragonal symmetry of the lattice, which suggests that the centers most likely are not perturbed by nearby defects. The ratio of Cr2+ ions to Cr4+ ions in a particular CdGeAs2 crystal depends on the growth conditions and stoichiometry.


Part 1 Theoretical concepts and hydrogen: atomic structure and the periodic table introduction to bonding the ionic bond the covalent bond the metallic bond general properties of the elements the occurrence and isolation of the elements coordination compounds hydrogen and the hydrides. Part 2 The s-block elements: group I - the alkali metals the chlor-alkali industry group II - the alkaline earth elements. Part 3 The p-block elements: the group III elements the group IV elements the group V elements group VI - the chalcogens group VII - the halogens group 0 - the noble gases. Part 4 The d-block elements: an introduction to the transition elements the scandium group the titanium group the vanadium group the chromium group the manganese group the iron group the cobalt group the nickel group the copper group the zinc group. Part 5 the f-block elements: the lanthanide series the actinides. Part 6 Other topics: the atomic nucleus spectra.


We report the detection of a molecular outflow driven by the brown dwarf binary FU Tau. Using the IRAM 30 m telescope we observed the 12 CO(2 1) (CO) emission in the vicinity of FU Tau and detected a bipolar outflow by examining the wings of the CO(2 1) line as we moved away from the source position. An integrated map of the wing emission between 3 km s 1 and 5 km s 1 reveals a blueshifted lobe at a position of 20 00 from the FU Tau system and at a position angle of 20 . The beam size of the observations is 11 00 , so it is not possible to distinguish between the two components of the FU Tau binary. Since optical forbidden emission, a strong tracer of the shocks caused by outflow activity, has been detected in the spectrum of FU Tau A, we assume that this component is the driving source of the molecular outflow. We estimate the mass of the outflow at 4 10 6 M and the mass outflow rate at 6 10 10 M /yr. These results agree well with previous estimates for BD molecular outflows. FU Tau A is now the third BD found to be associated with molecular outflow activity, and this discovery adds to the already extensive list of the interesting properties of FU Tau.


acterial pneumonia is often associated with production of purulent sputum that may occlude alveoli or bronchi. The same can be said of relatively pure cases of tracheobronchitis as seen in patients with chronic bronchitis and in hospitalized, intubated, or tracheostomized patients. This purulent sputum may act as an inaccessible reservoir for growth of the bacterial pathogen. Antimicrobial penetration into the sputum becomes important if these pathogens are to be eradicated. Studies have shown that satisfactory clinical response correlates with antimicrobial sputum levels in excess of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the isolated sputum pathogen,'� while poor response correlated with levels lower than the bacterial MIC.�


A veteran Indian reporter and a rookie science writer have won AGU's 2010 journalism awards.

Pallava Bagla will receive the David Perlman Award for Excellence in Science Journalism— News for two articles he wrote about the impact of climate change on Himalayan glaciers. The first of his articles, "No sign yet of Himalayan meltdown, Indian report finds," published in Science, explores dissent among glaciologists regarding a passage in the Fourth Assessment Report of the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). The passage suggests that Himalayan glaciers are highly likely to disappear by 2035. His second article, "Himalayan glaciers melting deadline 'a mistake,'" published by BBC News, discusses a possible typographical error in the disputed passage. In the article, Bagla indicates that this error appears to explain the panel's controversial acceleration of when Himalayan glaciers are expected to vanish.


Microsatellites are short tandem repeats that represent the 3 % of the human genome. At present, more than 40 neurological, neurodegenerative, muscular and other diseases associated with the mutational instability of this kind of sequences are known. Gene Ontology may be a very useful tool for studying the functional role of these repetitive sequences and to get an insight into the molecular etiology of these diseases. In this study, the frequency distributions of mononucleotide repeats in coding and non-coding sequences for nearly all genes from the human genome were examined. All the cellular components, molecular functions and biological processes associated with the genes that have the longest repeats were investigated. As a general rule, the statistically significant gene ontology categories investigated corresponded to the nucleic acids, basically those related to the transcription, the cell cycle regulation, the muscular processes, the receptors linked to signals transduction and synapses, as well as those involved in the development of the Central Nervous System. Few significant two and three gene ontology combinations were found and they were predominantly related to nucleic acids. This work will be helpful to establish the normality distributions patterns of repeats associated with the main gene ontology terms, a valuable information for determining and understanding the size threshold of short tandem repeats associated with the risk to contract certain diseases.


Graphene thin films were epitaxial grown on Si(111) substrates by depositing carbon atoms with solid source molecular beam epitaxy (SSMBE). The structural properties of the samples deposited at different substrate temperature (400, 600, 700 and 800℃) were investigated by reflection high energy electron diffraction (RHEED), Fourier transform infrared spectroscope (FTIR), Raman spectroscope (RAMAN) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine-structure (NEXAFS). RAMAN and NEXAFS results indicated that the thin film deposited at 800℃ exhibited the characteristic of graphene, while the thin films deposited at 400℃, 600℃ and 700℃ were attributed to amor- phous or polycrystalline carbon thin films. RHEED and FTIR results indicated that C atoms did not bond with Si atoms at the substrate temperature below 600℃, however, above 700℃, C atoms reacted with Si atoms and formed the SiC buffer layer. Furthermore, the better quality of SiC buffer layer could be obtained at 800℃. Thus, high sub- strate temperature and high-quality SiC buffer layers are essential to the formation of the graphene layers on the Si


The four-leg inverter is potential for non-redundant fault-tolerant control to solve multi-leg faults in two-motor drives. This paper proposes a non-redundant fault-tolerant control scheme based on the four-leg inverter. When there are open-circuit faults in both inverters, the fault phases of both motors are connected to the neutral point of DC-link capacitors. Obviously, this will cause more severe capacitor voltages offset and fluctuation than only one motor phase is connected to the neutral point. This paper proposes a fault-tolerant control algorithm based on predictive torque control method to solve this shortcoming. The balanced three-phase current and stable output torque and stator flux are guaranteed. The capacitor voltages offset is suppressed, improving the DC-link voltage utilization. Besides, the algorithm independently calculates the cost function for each motor, eliminating the coupling problem in voltage suppression. It reduces the calculation time and can be applied to multi-motor systems. The effectiveness of the algorithm is verified by experiment results.


An extraction-free spectrophotometric method for the determination of cationic surfactants, such as cetylpyridinium chloride, cetyltrimethylammonium bromide and zephiramine is proposed, which is based on the formation of ternary complexes with Fe(III) and chrome azurol S. The molar ratio of the complex is 2:1:1 (Fe(III):chrome azurol S: cationic surfactant). The method is simple, rapid and sensitive, giving an apparent molar absorptivity of 4.5×104 L·mol−1-cm−1 and a linear range of 0.1–6.0 μmol/L cationic surfactants. The total cationic surfactant content can be determined directly in aqueous solutions by measuring the absorbance at 680 nm (pH 5.8). The method has been successfully applied to water samples.


In effort to improve H. pylori eradication rates, Axcan Pharma has harnessed the power of three drugs known to have antimicrobial effects and combined them into a novel 3-in-1 formulation. Marketed under the trade name Pylera, the new product contains 140 mg bismuth subcitrate potassium, 125 mg metronidazole, and 125 mg tetracycline in each capsule. Pylera is indicated for use in combination with omeprazole for treating H. pylori infection and duodenal ulcer disease.


We show the first experimental implementation of biosensing using high contrast reporter cleavage detection (HCRCD). HCRCD makes use of dramatic signal amplification caused by cleavage of high-contrast nanoparticle labeled reporters instead of the capture of low-index bio- molecules.


A power grid connected inverter is operated in synchronized with reference ac voltage at the point of common coupling. The robust phase detection is indispensable for inverter operation in harsh condition. The phase detection system is required to be immune to unbalance and distortion of ac voltage waveform. A complex coefficient filter can discriminate positive and negative frequency component in input signal, which cannot be attained for conventional real coefficient filter. This paper studies the applicability of infinite impulse response digital filter with complex coefficient to a phase detection system by phase locked loop (PLL) for three phase ac system. The frequency characteristics and dynamic response of the filter is assessed, and series connection of band pass and notch filter is evaluated to satisfy both required performance. The phase detection system is implemented in the digital processor hardware and the applicability of the complex coefficient filter is experimentally evaluated.


Multicopper oxidases (MCOs) are lignin degrading enzymes with four copper sites involved in their catalysis. The consensus mechanism suggests that substrate oxidn. occurs near a type 1 Cu center (CuT1), followed by long-range electron transfer to a trinuclear Cu center (TNC) where O₂ is reduced to H₂O. Although laccases are capable of aerobic oxidn. of lignin as their primary function, the potential of CuT1 (E°(Cu²⁺/⁺) ≈0.5 V vs. NHE, pH 5.5) is as much as 0.5 V lower than that expected for one-electron oxidn. of polyphenolic substrates. Investigations on redox-active residues crit. for enzyme catalysis as well as reactive intermediates are crucial for elucidating this potential discrepancy and the mechanistic details of substrate oxidn. Our study focused on the MCO from a thermophilic bacterium, Thermus thermophilus HB27 (T. thermophilus Laccase) in particular (Figure 1), which is stable and active even above 90°C. Thus, thermodn. parameters assocd. with the enzyme's thermostability and improved activity at elevated temps. are of special importance. Approaches to enhancing our understanding of how the enzyme has evolved to utilize O₂ to degrade lignin from recalcitrant lignocellulosic substrates will be useful for developing environmentally friendly biocatalysts.


As I write this review ISIS is clearly on its heels. Its geographic expansion appears to have stalled, it has surrendered ground, many of its fighters have been killed; it has lost Palmyra and is s...