Ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) is a synthetic organic chelant which is produced in large quantity for a wide variety of agricultural and industrial uses. Its eventual fate in the environment is not known, though it is commonly thought to be resistant to microbial degradation (1). Studies with EDTA incubated in sewage sludge have shown that the chelant does not support 02 consumption (8) nor do its chelation properties diminish (4). However, by these methods low-level biodegradation over long periods could not be detected. In a preliminary report we provided evidence that [14C]EDTA was biodegraded to "4CO2 in soils (J. M. Tiedje, E. S. Perry, and T. S. Savage, Abstr. Annu. Meet. Am. Soc. Microbiol. 1974, E29, p. 5). The present report provides additional evidence confirming microbial degradation of EDTA, as well as evidence for its biodegradation in mixed culture and in sediments and for degradation of heavy metal-EDTA chelates in soil. Freshly collected soils and sediments were incubated in flasks with ["C]EDTA at a concentration of 4.0 ug of free acid/g of soil. The ["4C]EDTA substrate solutions were prepared from the acid form of EDTA which was dissolved in deionized and glass-distilled water while neutralizing with NaOH; stock solutions were always stored in the dark at 2 C. The [4C ]carboxyl, acetate-2and ethylene-1,2 (bridge)-labeled EDTA substrates were obtained from Mallinckrodt Chemical Co. Nuclear magnetic resonance analysis of ["CC]carboxyl-EDTA showed only absorptions expected of EDTA, indicating a chemical purity of at least 95%. Thin-layer chromatography and sub'Published as journal article No. 7222 of the Michigan Agricultural Experiment Station. sequent autoradiography showed >95% radiochemical purity of all three labeled compounds. The soils were common agricultural soils of mid-Michigan; their texture and pH are as follows: Spinks loamy fine sand, pH 6.4; Conover sandy loam, pH 7.4; and Miami sandy loam, pH 6.0. The incubation conditions and 14C02 analysis methodology were essentially as previously described (9). Photodegradation of EDTA, which has been demonstrated for Fe+3EDTA (6), was assumed not to be of significance since there was no difference in "4CO2 evolution from flasks incubated in the dark (e.g., temperature study) compared to flasks incubated in room light. Anaerobic incubations were carried out in a glove box (2). The organic amendment consisted of equal quantities of glucose, glycine, acetate, and peptone added to soil in aqueous solutions to yield a final concentration of 0.4%. The mixed culture medium consisted of the same carbon substrates and 4.5 Mg of ["4C ]EDTA per ml in mineral salts (9); the inoculum was a water extract from soil. The metal-EDTA chelates were made by mixing equimolar concentrations of the chloride salt of the metal and EDTA in aqueous solution. The pH of the solution was adjusted to neutrality before addition to soil. Sodium azide (2,000 Mg/g) was added to several soils to approximate a sterile control. Sterile soils were obtained by autoclaving soil incubation flasks for 1 h on each of 3 successive days, after which filtersterilized EDTA was aseptically added. Sterility was confirmed by the absence of turbidity in nutrient broth tubes inoculated with soil taken from the flasks after the termination of the experiment. Degradation is reported as both rate of 14CO2 evolution, which was calculated from the best linear fit of plotted values over the


In practice, addressing these issues will require a coordinated effort from seafarer support organizations, industry, and states. This will require a corresponding increase in appreciation for the breadth and depth of the impact of piracy and other traumas on the seafarer population. However, this research also demonstrates that seafarers are a resilient community and suggests that with the development of more robust systems for support, this resilience can be reinforced. Conor Seyle | June 2016 After the Release: The Long-Term Behavioral Impact of Piracy on Seafarers and Families


[1] We present direct observational evidence for solar cycle influence on the infrared energy budget and radiative cooling of the thermosphere. By analyzing nearly five years of data from the Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry (SABER) instrument, we show that the annual mean infrared power radiated by the nitric oxide (NO) molecule at 5.3 μm has decreased by a factor of 2.9. This decrease is correlated (r = 0.96) with the decrease in the annual mean F10.7 solar index. Despite the sharp decrease in radiated power (which is equivalent to a decrease in the vertical integrated radiative cooling rate), the variability of the power as given in the standard deviation of the annual means remains approximately constant. A simple relationship is shown to exist between the infrared power radiated by NO and the F10.7 index, thus providing a fundamental relationship between solar activity and the thermospheric cooling rate for use in thermospheric models. The change in NO radiated power is also consistent with changes in absorbed ultraviolet radiation over the same time period. Computations of radiated power using an empirical model show much less variability than observed by SABER.


Recent analyses have shown that a sequential fourth generation can be consistent with precision electroweak data. We consider the possibility that the new generation could be a mirror generation with V + A rather than V - A interactions. Specifically we consider an extension of the minimal supersymmetric standard model with a light mirror generation. Implications of this extension are explored. One consequence is an enhancement of the T neutrino magnetic moment by several orders of magnitude consistent with the current limits on the magnetic moment of the T. The masses of the mirror generation arise due to electroweak symmetry breaking, and if a mirror generation exists its mass spectrum must lie below a TeV, and thus should be discovered at the LHC. Mirror particles and mirror sparticles produce many characteristic signatures which should be detectable at the LHC. Heavy Higgs boson decays into mirror particles and an analysis of the forward-backward asymmetries can distinguish a mirror generation from a sequential fourth generation. The validity of the model can thus be tested at the LHC. A model of the type discussed here could arise from a more unified structure such as grand unification or strings where a mirror generation escapes the survival hypothesis, i.e., a generation and a mirror generation do not tie up to acquire a mass of size M GUT or M string due to a symmetry, and thus remain massless down to the electroweak scale.


As an important force of non-governmental investment,private equity fund plays an active and irreplaceable role in the whole capital market even national economy in China.It's of important meaning to establish and perfect China's capital market to develop private equity.Private equity fund in China is still in its infancy,and there is a rather great gap compared with the developed countries in either funds scale or legislation.Making in-depth research organizational forms of private equity fund,being well aware of the merits and characteristics of partnership organization will contribute to the development of multiple organizational forms of private equity fund.


PurposeThis study aims to improve the passenger accessibility of passenger demands in the end-of-operation period.Design/methodology/approachA mixed integer nonlinear programming model for last train timetable optimization of the metro was proposed considering the constraints such as the maximum headway, the minimum headway and the latest end-of-operation time. The objective of the model is to maximize the number of reachable passengers in the end-of-operation period. A solution method based on a preset train service is proposed, which significantly reduces the variables of deciding train services in the original model and reformulates it into a mixed integer linear programming model.FindingsThe results of the case study of Wuhan Metro show that the solution method can obtain high-quality solutions in a shorter time; and the shorter the time interval of passenger flow data, the more obvious the advantage of solution speed; after optimization, the number of passengers reaching the destination among the passengers who need to take the last train during the end-of-operation period can be increased by 10%.Originality/valueExisting research results only consider the passengers who take the last train. Compared with previous research, considering the overall passenger demand during the end-of-operation period can make more passengers arrive at their destination. Appropriately delaying the end-of-operation time can increase the proportion of passengers who can reach the destination in the metro network, but due to the decrease in passenger demand, postponing the end-of-operation time has a bottleneck in increasing the proportion of passengers who can reach the destination.


Heat prostration in children with cystic fibrosis A J Williams, MRCP, and others.......... 297 Cardiac muscle relaxation in hypothyroidism J E Sanderson, MRCP .............. 297 Accidents on holiday R Mangnall, FRCSGLAS .................. 298 Vitamin A and lung cancer A Sakula, FRCP ....... ................... 298 Urinary retention in women E Barbara Turner, MB ..... ............. 298 Outpatient laparoscopic sterilisation T R M Bristow, FFARCS .................. 298 Incidence of dermographism RP Warin, FRCP ........................ 298 Effects of legal termination on subsequent pregnancy G Dixon FRCOG, and J A Richardson, FRCSED .299 Compensation for drug side effects J A L Gorringe, FRCPED .................. 299 Reducing outpatient attendances A P Warin, MRCP ...................... 299 Adverse reactions to practolol Sir Theo Crawford, FRCPATH............ 299 Carpal tunnel syndrome and tennis elbow T C Beer, MRCP, and N Memon, MB...... 299 Bromocriptine and breast cancer P A Knowles, MB ........................ 300 Eggs and hypercholesterolaemia A Elkeles, FFRRCSI ...................... 300 High-dose corticosteroids in severe acute asthma J B Macdonald, MRCP .................... 300 Rubella antibody tests in pregnancy W R G Thomas, FRCPATH ................ 300 Nitrazepam and diazepam S L 0 Jackson, MD ....................... 300 Raynaud's phenomenon as side effect of beta-blockers A J Marshall, MRCP, and others.......... 301 Alternatives to barbiturate hypnotics D F Scott, MRCPSYCH .................... 301 Child-resistant containers and child poisoning A W Craft, MRCP, and others............ 301 Priorities in the NHS M H Mills, MA ........................ 301 Craniopharyngiomas H B Kennedy, FRCSED, and R J S Smith,


Spatiotemporal optical vortex (STOV) wavepacket carrying transverse photonic orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been extensively studied in the past few years. In this Letter, we propose and study a novel STOV wavepacket with multiple phase singularities embedded in different space – time domains using analytical and numerical approaches. By tuning different parameters used for designing the wavepacket, it is possible to engineer both the magnitude and orientation of the photonic OAM in space – time. The vectorially controllable OAM will pave new avenues and facilitate applications such as novel optical communication, studying complicated quantum systems, and spin-and-OAM interactions.


Summaries English This short article outlines the nature and use of miniprojects as a means of providing students with training in the methodology of scientific investigations and, in particular, in the 'creative interpretation' of experimental results. Miniprojects developed at the University of Buenos Aires, involve students in about 12 hours of laboratory work during which they perform basic experiments and develop hypotheses about scientific situations which then have to be followed up by further investigations to be designed by the students themselves. Although miniprojects have been used chiefly with high school students, it should be possible to extend their use to other age ranges.


Variable speed induction motor drives find applications in various industries. The normal Induction Motor drive has a closed loop speed control. Here, we use a Multi- Level Inverter (MLI), which has emerged as an alternative in the medium-voltage high-power control to feed the Induction Motor. The Multi-Level Inverter employs a new topology known as the reversing voltage topology (RVT). To generate output voltage with higher number of levels, this topology requires less number of components and less carrier signals for PWM implementation. The proposed induction motor drive structure offers reduced device count and a simpler power-bus structure when compared to a conventional five-level NPC and flying capacitor inverter fed induction motor drives. The Induction Motor is controlled by the scalar method of Direct Torque Control (DTC). This scheme is the direct control of the torque and stator flux of a drive by inverter voltage space selection through a look-up table to maintain speed at reference. Performance comparison for various voltage vector selections has been made. This technique has a comparable performance with that of vector controlled drives


We derive a general system of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations, describing light in a bimodal optical fiber, taking into account the quasi-instantaneous Raman effect, group-velocity birefringence, phase-velocity birefringence, and optical activity, and for light with general ellipticity. The Raman coefficients prove to obey a relation which depends on the ellipticity. When group-velocity birefringence and optical activity are both non-zero, polarization couples to the changing frequency, so soliton polarization cannot be held constant in this case. Without optical activity, there are solitons with constant polarization either entirely in one polarization ("simple") or equally divided between the two polarizations ("vector"). At ellipticity angle 0° to 35.3°, the simple solitons are stable and the vector solitons are unstable, and vice versa for ellipticity angle 35.3° to 90°. With optical activity, the polarization can be constant, but with a rather more complex form. Stability is also examined, and bistability is found in some circumstances.


The invention provides a preparation method for a high-purity tin diselenide nanometer piece, and relates to the technical field of hydrothermal chemical synthesis nanometer material process. According to the invention, three solid powders of SnCL2.2H2O, SeO2 and NaOH, hydrazine, and ammonia water are adopted to prepare the tin diselenide nanometer piece through the steps of reaction, heating, washing, drying and the like. The obtained tin diselenide has high purity, good dispersibility, and a regular and even shape. The technical process is safe; and the auxiliary solution and products of the process can be easily treated without pollution. Therefore, the method has broad application prospects.


Two quaternary InAlGaN films were grown by metal-organic chemical-vapor deposition (MOCVD) on sapphire (0001) substrates with and without high-temperature GaN interlayer, respectively. The structural and optical properties of the quaternary films were investigated by high-resolution X-ray diffraction (HRXRD), high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM), temperature-dependent photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy and time-resolved photoluminescence (TRPL) spectroscopy. According to the HRXRD and PL results, it is demonstrated that two samples have the same crystal quality. The TRPL signals of both samples were fitted well as a stretched exponential decay from 14 K to 250 K, indicating significant disorder in the materials, which is attributed to recombination of excitons localized in disorder quantum nanostructures such as quantum dots or quantum disks originating from indium (In) clusters or In composition fluctuation. The cross-section HREM measurement further proves that there exist disorder quantum nanostructures in the quaternary. By investigating the temperature dependence of the dispersive exponent beta, it is shown that the stretched exponential decays of the two samples originate from different mechanisms. (C) 2003 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.


We study interactions between polaritons, arising when photons strongly couple to collective excitations in an array of two-level atoms trapped in an optical lattice inside a cavity. We consider two types of interactions between atoms: dipolar forces and atomic saturability, which range from hard-core repulsion to Rydberg blockade. We show that, in spite of the underlying repulsion in the subsystem of atomic excitations, saturability induces a broadband bunching of photons for two-polariton scattering states. We interpret this bunching as a result of interference, and trace it back to the mismatch of the quantization volumes for atomic excitations and photons. We also examine bound bipolaritonic states: these include states created by dipolar forces, as well as a gap bipolariton, which forms solely due to saturability effects in the atomic transition. Both types of bound states exhibit strong bunching in the photonic component. We discuss the dependence of bunching on experimentally relevant parameters.


Background: Invasive fungal infection has become the most serious and urgent problem that needs to be solved in tertiary center in China. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to clarify the pathogenesis and identify the high risk group of invasive fungal infection of premature infants in Chinese population. Methods: The research sample population includes1, 138 premature infants who are in the hospital for more than two days from January 1, 2013 to January 1, 2017 in a tertiary center of the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China. A retrospective cohort study was used to regard the relationship between ten suspicious disease risk factors and one protection factor proposed in the previous foreign literature: Male, small gestational age, low birth weight, asphyxia after birth, Peripherally inserted central catheter, mechanical ventilation, human cytomegalovirus infection, combination with bacterial infection, the use of spectrum antibiotic and glucocorticoid, fluconazole prophylaxis and invasive fungal infection of premature infants. Results: There are 77 cases premature infants with invasive fungal infection in our center. The main pathogens are smooth candida yeast (47%) and saccharomyces albicans (41.5%) in our unit. Peripherally inserted central catheter (OR value = 4.983, P<0.001), human cytomegalovirus infection (OR value = 4.088, P<0.001), broad-spectrum antibiotics application (OR value = 2.839, P = 0.026), and mechanical ventilation (OR value = 2.811, P = 0.002) are independent risk factors of premature infants with invasive fungal infection. Conclusion: Human cytomegalovirus infection, peripherally inserted central catheter, mechanical ventilation and broad-spectrum antibiotics application are independent risk factors of premature infants with invasive fungal infection. Keywords—invasive fungal infection; premature infants; relevant factors


The article features the architectural solution and purpose of the Nizhegorodskaya transport and interchange hub, as well as the importance of interaction between the leading design teams of different profiles. It describes the symbolic and artistic component of the project and its implementation.


It is widely accepted dogma that consequential decisions are better made with multiple measures, because using but a single one is thought more likely to be laden with biases and errors that can be better controlled with a wider source of evidence for making judgments. Unfortunately, advocates of using multiple measures too rarely provide detailed directions of exactly how to use them. In this article, we describe one source of problems with multiple measures and lay out a strategy for finding solutions.


Center for Computational Natural Sciences and Bioinformatics (CCNSB), International Institute of Information Technology (IIIT), Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, 500032, India. Email: email@example.com When a chemical has risk potential, chemists can formulate similar chemicals without negative health and environmental implications. Disposal of a chemical must involve a regenerative cycle rather than a destination, lest that destination become dangerously close in proximity to our living spaces. Rose Joy Crocker


This paper presents the dynamic features of gravity waves based on coherent radar observations. We demonstrate that it is practical to detect wave breaking events via the sea surface backscattering intensity and Doppler velocity. Both parameters are acquired from coherent X-band radars operating at grazing incidence. Our measurements show a range dependency of the Doppler velocity which results from the wave shoaling as well as wave shadowing due to the low grazing angle of the observations. After separating these two effects, we can estimate the energy loss due to wave shoaling and wave breaking.


South Australian Employment Tribunal, Judge Farrell, 30 May 2019. Whether a bowler was discriminated because of his age for team selection


Ray tracing algorithm can be used to simulate the propagation of wireless signals. This paper proposes a new method of ray tracing, which first calculates the internal visibility of walls and building edges, then the spatial partitioning method is adopted to reduce the line and surface Intersection, the Simulation results show that the running time of the ray tracing calculation is greatly reduced, which effectively improves the efficiency of the algorithm.


Selective laser melting (SLM) has great potential in additive manufacturing because it enables the production of full-density complex parts with the desired inner structure and surface morphology. High temperature gradients as a result of the locally concentrated energy input lead to residual stresses, crack formation and part deformation during processing or after separation from the supports and the substrate. In this study, an X-ray diffraction technique and numerical simulation were used for investigating the residual stress in SLM samples fabricated from stainless steel 316L and Ti6Al4V alloy. Conclusions regarding directions and values of stresses in SLM objects are given.


Suitable adaptation strategies for dry season boro rice cultivation in coastal regions are important for future food security in Bangladesh. This study assessed the effect of sowing date of dry season boro rice as an adaptation strategy, with a focus on maximum utilization of water. The study was conducted at Dacope, Khulna and Amtali, Barguna during the dry seasons of 2016-17 and 2017-18. The experiment comprised six sowing dates between 15th October to 30th December including three varieties BRRI dhan28, BRRI dhan67 and BINA dhan10 in split plot randomized design with three replications. In Dacope and Amtali, salt tolerant varieties BRRI dhan67 and BINA dhan10 produced the highest yield (about 6 t ha-1) when sown in November. Irrespective of locations, the highest irrigation water productivity (1.08 kg m-3) and highest total water productivity (0.80 kg m-3) was found when rice was sown in November. Among the two test locations, the lowest irrigation water was used at Amtali and the highest amount of irrigation was required for Dacope due to comparatively high land and low amount of rainfall. This indicated that boro rice can be grown where the fresh water resources are available during the crop growing season. Early sowing is difficult, because most of the land occupied by T. aman rice and late sowing is facing the problem of soil and water salinity. From the perspectives of growth duration, yield performance, water use and water productivity, the best sowing window for boro rice was found in between 15th November to 15th December. The data generated during this experiment can now also be used to set-up the APSIM cropping-systems model for subsequent investigations into long-term system performance variability (risk), and also on how these sowing dates and varieties compare under projected future climate change scenarios at these locations.


In this study we attempted to examine the extent of jeopardised myocardium in patients with severe left anterior descending disease. The jeopardised myocardium was defined by the number of perfusion defects in the distribution of the left anterior descending artery depicted on exercise thallium201 images. One segment in each of the three projections was considered to represent the distribution of this vessel, that is the anterolateral segments in the anterior projection, the anteroseptal segment in the left anterior oblique projection, and the anterior segment in the lateral projection. We selected 45 patients with > 70 per cent diameter narrowing of the left anterior descending artery and abnormal exercise images in the distribution of this vessel. There were 17 patients with isolated left anterior descending artery disease and 28 patients with multivessel disease including the left anterior descending artery. Fifteen patients (33%) had one perfusion defect (four patients with isolated disease and 11 patients with multivessel disease); 17 patients (38%) had two perfusion defects (six with isolated disease and 11 with multivessel disease); and 13 patients (29%) had three perfusion defects (seven with isolated disease and six with multivessel disease). The anteroseptal segment was the most common segment to become ischaen.ic during exercise and was abnormal in 40 of the 45 patients (89%). The anterior segment in 27 patients (60%) was next, and the anterolateral segment in 20 patients (44%) the least common. The number of defects did not correlate with the site of disease of the left anterior descending artery (proximal vs. distal to the first septal and first diagonal branches); the degree of left anterior descending narrowing (70 to 99% vs. total occlusion); collaterals; left ventricular asynergy; the presence of isolated left anterior descending disease in contrast with multivessel disease. We conclude that variations in the extent ofperfusion abnormalities seen in patients with disease of the left anterior descending artery suggest that these patients do not constitute a homogeneous group. Future studies designed to study the effect of medical or surgical treatment in such patients may be more meaningful if the extent of jeopardised myocardium, as defined by exercise thallium-201 imaging, is incorporated as a variable in group comparison. Our results also suggest that the number of perfusion defects do not predict the site of the lesion of the left anterior descending artery in relation to its first septal and diagonal branches.


An active "scavenger hunt" can effectively augment the obligatory lecture on lab safety that students rarely heed or remember when it counts. Each team of students is given a diagram of the room with a list of equipment to find. Winners are rewarded for accurately and completely labeled diagrams.


The Communist Party of China has always attached great importance to the building of its style of work, which ensures the victory of the Chinese revolution and construction. At present, the international and domestic politics and economy is undergoing profound changes, which puts forward new challenges and requirements to the building of the Party's style of work. Under such situation, the Party members must consolidate the Party's gist, the mass line, consciousness of thriftiness and simplicity and law, which can correct and solve the problems in the party's style of work and maintain the progressiveness of the Party members.


This document presents the preliminary results of the research project «Globalization, International Relations and Economic Growth: An Approach to Latin America», and is the first product to be delivered as a result of the investigation. Basically reflects the development of the cycle of economic theory. As real activity, the recession and the economic crisis implies a change in the dominant theoretical paradigm. Also presents a concise analysis of the development of economic theory from mercantilism thinking to counterrevolution due to Chicago School of Thinking. From this theoretical review is to show how globalization, first is not a spontaneous phenomenon, is rather the result of a careful theoretical development, especially since the work of Friedman and Stigler and second, the theoretical review can address the problem of globalization, the shift in international relations and economic growth from the theoretical and historical perspective that manifests as a multidisciplinary phenomenon, complex and not simply reduced to the economic sphere.


This study used survey data collected by Southern nations, nationalities and peoples' region (SNNPR) bureau of finance and economic development (BoFED) in collaboration with Arba Minch University for 5,015 urban households. The major purposes of the paper are measuring urban poverty and identifying the determinants via employing logistic regression. Accordingly, for the year 2015 poverty incidence, gap and severity were equal to 18.02%, 5.25% and 2.31% respectively for the urban SNNPR. Urban food poverty measured using the above indexes leaves relatively larger figures. In the last five years the region's urban poverty reduces remarkably except for food poverty severity which rose by 17.24%. The use of logistic regression to identify the determinants of urban poverty end up with marital status, family size, total dependency, education level, saving habit, and source of energy were found to be statistically significant variables. Hence, pre and post marriage orientations to reduce divorce and input support for windowed, limiting family size and in turn dependency using short and long term solutions, and supplying social and physical infrastructure such as education, financial institutions and power are viable options to reduce urban poverty in the region. The task of tackling urban poverty in the region should prioritize Wolaita and South Omo zones (districts) since both of them are characterized by higher incidence, gap and severity of poverty.


e15184 Background: Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are commonly treated with multimodality therapy including surgery, somatostatin analogs, targeted agents, chemotherapy and others. The combination of capecitabine and temozolomide (CAPTEM) has been suggested as a treatment option for metastatic disease, however, prospective data is accruing. We sought to review our patient population to determine efficacy and safety of CAPTEM. Methods: This retrospective review included patients with NETs who had been seen at the Louisiana State University/Ochsner NET clinic. Appropriate institutional review board approval was obtained. Patients were identified via an eVelos database. Only NET patients who had been placed on CAPTEM as previously described and received at least one cycle were included for review. Those with inadequate records or without documented follow up were excluded. Response rate (RR) was evaluated by RECIST 1.1. Results: Thirty patients (17 female) were included for review. The median age of CAPTEM ini...


This research has been conducted among 809 social workers in I city to examine the effects of professional autonomy and collaboration on the job satisfaction of social workers. Moreover, the study has been assessed with resources and data to reliably attain the results. Accordingly, the data findings for the research was used with SPSS 25, to examine its frequency, correlation, regression, and other necessary measures. Firstly, there were significant correlations among professional autonomy, collaboration, and job satisfaction. Second, professional autonomy has directly influenced the social workers without the mediator variable on their job satisfaction. Lastly, the collaboration with professional autonomy had also shown decisive effects on the job satisfaction level. Therefore, based on the results of this research, we need a sustainable strategy and advanced collaboration with professional autonomy to enhance and reform our current social service system. ■ keyword :∣Professional Autonomy∣Job Satisfaction∣Collaboration∣ 접수일자 : 2020년 06월 10일 수정일자 : 2020년 06월 30일 심사완료일 : 2020년 06월 30일 교신저자 : 정연정, e-mail : email@example.com 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 '20 Vol. 20 No. 8 224


This paper uses the Fisher equation relating the nominal interest rate to the real interest rate and expected inflation to provide a deeper explanation of the financial crisis of 2008 and the subsequent recovery than attributing it to the bursting of the housing-price bubble. The paper interprets the Fisher equation as an equilibrium condition in which expected returns from holding real assets and cash are equalized. When inflation expectations decline, the return to holding cash rises relative to holding real assets. If nominal interest rates are above the zero lower bound, equilibrium is easily restored by adjustments in nominal interest rates and asset prices. But at the zero lower bound, nominal interest rates cannot fall, forcing the entire adjustment onto falling asset prices, thereby raising the expected real return from holding assets. Such an adjustment seems to have triggered the financial crisis of 2008, when the Federal Reserve delayed reducing nominal interest rates out of a misplaced fear of inflation in the summer of 2008 when the economy was already contracting rapidly. Using stock market price data and inflation-adjusted US Treasury securities data, the paper finds that, unlike the 2003–2007 period, when stock prices were uncorrelated with expected inflation, from 2008 through at least 2016, stock prices have been consistently and positively correlated with expected inflation.


This note deals with the stabilization problem of a rotating disk-beam system. The proposed feedback law consists of a nonlinear torque control exerted on the disk, whereas a direct strain control is applied at the beam with a rigid offset. As a consequence, we end up with a nondissipative nonlinear hybrid PDE-ODE system and hence the existence and stability of solutions of the system cannot be addressed by using standard methods such as energy-multiplier or frequency-domain. To overcome this situation, we adopt the Riesz basis methodology and show that the closed-loop system is well-posed and stable as long as the angular velocity of the disk is less than a well-defined value related to the beam. The results are illustrated through a wide set of numerical examples.


A multicycle reprocessing and refabrication scheme was simulated (using UO/sub 2/ spiked'' with fissia) to evaluate the feasibility of refabricating high-burnup UO/sub 2/ to a cumulative level of 10/sup 5/ Mwd/MTU. Various powder characteristics were studied, using oxidation-reduction methods as the reprocessing scheme. Processing conditions were established for the multicycle tests. Fissia, typical fission products (mostly oxides), were added to the reprocessed powder prior to compacting operations. There should be no difficulty in refabricating pellets from high-burnup material; conversely, the sinterability of UO/sub 2/ containing comparatively iarge concentrations of fissia is even enhanced. Well-formed pellets of density near 98% of theoretical were made for simulated burnups of 60,000, 80,000, and 100,000 Mwd/MTU. Cesium was the only fission element removed during processing.


Abstract Lumu, a private act of mourning ritual, grew into a cultural phenomenon with considerable appeal in the seventeenth century. The era saw a range of activities that placed lumu at the center of the neo-Confucian call for moral cultivation, and lumu was a focal point of acting out Confucian virtue. This paper details the cases that centered on three preeminent men—Feng Shaoxu, Sun Qifeng, and Fang Yizhi. It demonstrates that, whether by promoting it through public lectures, staging ceremonies by the hut, enacting it collectively and cross-generationally in the family, or commemorating it with poetry, essay, and painting, the staunch Confucian elite in the seventeenth century identified a common cause for action. Lumu was not just an act of mourning or filial piety; it was perceived as a preferable tool for perfecting moral cultivation and for exhibiting the moral strength of an individual or a family at a time of perceived moral decline. The extreme challenge represented by a relentless routine lay at the very center of its appeal—lumu projected the image of an ultra-filial son in a way that other filial deeds did not.


The aim of the research is to study the necessity of introducing sports services in the hotel enterprise and increasing competitiveness due to it.
The research methods are the study and the analysis of professional literature, psychological analysis of the client, assessment of the marketing situation of sports services in the hotel business.
Analysis of research results is to improve the knowledge of professional specialists and to establish contribution in the field, using the experience of global, particularly Russian, European and local markets. Guided by the principles of re-equipment and improvement at first, find a unique and stable place in the market, and afterwards think about price changes, without forgetting the prime cost pricing. Fitness service in hotels is not a sports movement, but a concept of a healthy lifestyle, where both professional athletes and ordinary citizens can meet their needs and interests. This emphasizes great opportunities and consumption potential of this sector.


Abstract The revolutionary 1960s are often seen as the heyday of socialist theories and leftist movements. In the Middle East the period until the Arab-Israeli war of 1967 is regularly perceived as the pinnacle of secular, socialist Arab nationalism in the region, whereas the rise of various forms of political Islam is often presented as a phenomenon pertaining to a different era beginning in 1979. This article proposes a perspective which situates important Islamic thinkers in the intellectual environment of the revolutionary 1960s. Starting with the Algerian war in 1954 and lasting until the Iranian revolution of 1979, I argue that the 'long' 1960s were dominated not only by Marxist thinkers like Frantz Fanon and Jean-Paul Sartre. Muslim revolutionary intellectuals, such as Malek Bennabi, Amar Ouzegane, or ʿAli Shariʿati, also took part during the Algerian war in the shaping of a new discourse in France.


In the text we offer a re-reading of the book La torre di Babele (The Tower of Babel), 1967, by Ludovico Quaroni, in order to try and understand, fifty years after its publication, whether the theses proposed by its author are still, at least partially, valid and effective. As is common knownledge, since 1967 the conditions of the city have changed radically, and this might imply that Quaroni's theses are outdated. In fact, the book touching on the basic themes of urban development, it contains numerous arguments that are still relevant, as well as insights that would be of considerable interest were they developed further. Beginning with some hypotheses from his book regarding Quaroni's teaching activities we will try to analyze the complex introduction by Aldo Rossi, beyond the Milanese architect's appreciation for the author's theses. The recurring themes in the text are then summarized, animated by the desire to seek a new and more complex unity between architecture and urban planning.


Pass Transistor Logic (PTL) provides decreased device count relative to conventional complementary circuit structures, but the buffering inverters required for cascading PTL gates diminishes this advantage. Dual-gate ambipolar carbon nanotube transistors (DG-A-CNTFETs) are a natural match for PTL due to the fact that both require significant use of inverters between logic stages. This work therefore proposes a hybrid PTL structure with DG-A-CNTFETs that exploits the compact logic of PTL in concert with the native XNOR gates with DG-A-CNTFETs. A novel hybrid PTL DG-A-CNTFET full adder is proposed as an example of this novel logic concept, and simulation results demonstrate superior performance with a 43% reduction in device count relative to conventional complementary circuit design with DG-A-CNTFETs.


Based on the investigation data from the Jiazhou Bay in 1982,the HCH distribution,its source,and the seasonal variation are analyzed.As the results show,HCH pollution are less in April,June,July,and October.HCH content has a gradient and decreases from the near-shore to the middle of the bay in April,June,and July.The gradient becomes reversed in October.The HCH horizontal distribution in the surface layer is similar to that in the bottom layer.The HCH content variability shows that HCH content in the near-shore sea area into which rivers flow is higher than in the sea area into which the land surface runoffs flow.The HCH displacement process on the land can be proved in light of the HCH variability in the sea area of the bay,and it shows that the HCH content carried into the bay is higher in summer than in spring.Also the HCH displacement process in the sea area can be proved in light of the HCH content temporal-spatial variability in the surface layer and the bottom layer,and it shows that the bottom layer HCH content is high because of the subsidence where the surface layer one is high.Based on the HCH content variabilities in the surface layer and the bottom layer,the water effect,the dilution effect,and the accumulation effect on HCH are proposed.A schematic plot is drawn to show the HCH content variability in the subsiding process and to quantitatively describe the water effect on HCH.


Over the past several decades, medical ethics has gained a solid foothold in medical education and is now a required course in most medical schools. Although the field of medical ethics is by nature eclectic, moral philosophy has played a dominant role in defining both the content of what is taught and the methodology for reasoning about ethical dilemmas. Most educators largely rely on the case-based method for teaching ethics, grounding the ethical reasoning in an amalgam of theories drawn from moral philosophy, including consequentialism, deontology, and principlism.

In this article we hope to make a case for augmenting the focus of education in medical ethics. We propose complementing the traditional approach to medical ethics with a more embedded approach, one that has been described by others as "microethics," the ethics of everyday clinical practice.


The formalism previously given for describing the extended fine structure above appearance-potential-spectroscopy (APS) thresholds is extended by incorporating the effects of the excited "central" atom potential in an exact manner. The excitation-matrix elements are expressed in terms of the exact wave functions of the central atom potential. This introduces a "phase renormalization" into the excitation-matrix elements and eliminates a previously noted "phase difference" between single- and multiple-scattering calculations employing a plane-wave basis set. A series of approximations is then made which leads to an expression for the APS extended fine structure in terms of sinusoidal functions and hence provides a rationale for a Fourier-transform analysis. Simple model calculations assuming a constant "bare" excitation-matrix element, a spherically symmetric electronic density of states, and only $S$-wave scattering from the atomic cores are performed for a cluster of atoms having the atomic geometry of bulk vanadium. These calculations display the major predictions of the formalism and indicate that for a given system there may be some optimal energy range for data analysis. The problem of electron characteristic losses is considered, and it is pointed out that in the small-momentum-transfer limit the simple dipole selection rules appropriate to a photon-excitation process again apply. This may obviate many of the problems introduced by multiple angular momentum final states in the APS process.


Objective: to study the levels of vitamin D, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), homocysteine (HC) and to evaluate their correlation with hormonal-metabolic parameters, the violation of which is inherent in polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS).
Materials and methods. 60 patients with PCOS (24.2 ± 0.2 years) and 30 healthy women of the appro- priate age were examined. Depending on the level of vitamin D, the examined were divided into subgroups: 44 women with PCOS and vitamin D ≤ 30 ng/ml (average 12.9 ± 0.2 ng/ml); 16 patients with an average level of vitamin D ≥ 30 ng/ml (31.4 ± 0.3 ng/ml); 12 healthy women with vitamin D ≤ 30 ng/ml (24.2 ± 0.3 ng/ml); 18 healthy subjects with vitamin D ≥ 30 ng/ml (35.6 ± 0.3 ng/ml). The blood lipid spectrum, indicators of carbo- hydrate metabolism, total testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex hormone binding globulin, CRP, IL-6, HC were determined.
Results. Vitamin D deficiency in PCOS is characterized by a higher degree of severity. There is a nega- tive correlation between levels of vitamin D and abdominal adipose tissue distribution (r = – 0,501, P < 0,001), dyslipidemia (P < 0,001), insulin resistance (r = – 0,351, P < 0,01), hypeandrogenemia (r = – 0,603, P < 0,001). It was found that in patients with PCOS levels of CRP and IL-6 were significantly (P < 0,05) higher than the women in the control group and were associated with vitamin D deficiency (CRP r = – 0,375, Р < 0,01; IL-6 r = – 0,281, Р < 0,05), insulin resistance (CRP r = 0,351, Р < 0,01; IL-6 r = 0,270; Р < 0,05), dyslipidemia (P < 0,05) hyperandrogenemia (CRP r = 0,441, Р < 0,001; IL-6 r = 0,437, Р < 0,001). It was shown that hyperho- mocysteinemia in PCOS is caused by impaired androgen-estrogen balance (T/E2 r = 0,279, P < 0,05), systemic chronic inflammation (CRP r = 0,283, P < 0,05; IL-6 r = 0,261, P < 0,05) and deficiency of vitamin D (r = – 0,319; P < 0,02).
Conclusion. PCOS is accompanied by an increase in levels of CRP and IL-6, which indicates the existence of a link between this pathological process and low-grade systemic inflammation. Vitamin D deficiency contribu- tes to a further increase in markers of chronic inflammation and HC.


A covariant theory of plasma oscillations in the absence of an external field is formulated by considering a plasma as the limit of an infinite number of relativistic streams.


Thirty years after its publication, Thomas Kuhn's The Structure of Scientific Revolutions is still the source of much discussion in economics. Its rel-ativistic tone has often been used to fuel the claims of dissident traditions against the prevailing orthodoxy, or at least to plead the case for intellectual pluralism (Dow, 1985). Through his arguments regarding the incommensurability of different theoretical approaches to a particular subject, Kuhn's work has allowed many to argue that dissident traditions are just as legitimate as orthodoxy for analyzing a subject, since there is no objective or independent means of arbitrating between them. This has caused an opposing response by those more supportive of the prevailing theoretical approach to economics. The latter have tried to find a defense to relativist challenges in more "rational" philosophies of science, such as that of Lakatos (Blaug, 1975).


A protective policy, so markedly different from ours, can be seen in a reluctance to let the courts or administrative authorities take over family responsibilities. To that end the French seem to favour a concept of strong parental authority (now updated from the " paternal " authority of the past) which cannot be easily given up or taken away. They insist on the exercise of parental authority and parental responsibility and, where these fail, they think in terms of delegation of parental authority before proceeding to its withdrawal or forfeiture. Unlike the position in England the administrative and the judicial authorities have no parallel powers (cf. Re T. (A. J. J.) (an infant) [1970] 2 All E.R. 865) and the former is subordinate to the latter. It follows that a child cannot be tossed about between the courts and the child care authorities. The main function of the latter, apart from securing the education of children, is to assist the family in trouble. Even the courts have to assert their powers gradually; first as counsellors and only in extreme cases as the representatives of state power. However, in the last analysis, the courts control parental authority as well as the social services. The paramountcy of the child's welfare forms part of the French system, but the doctrine is anchored in parental rights and responsibilities rather than an abstract notion coming to light only in the judgment of the court. It follows that in disputes between parents the courts do not proceed from the assumption that neither parent has a prima facie right to custody (cf. Re Collins [1950] 1 All E.R. 1057 (C.A.)) but from the well-defined position of both parents. When strangers are involved, parental authority must be abandoned or displaced before the child's welfare can become linked with persons outside the child's family, and the law gives ample opportunity for parents to re-establish their rights. In the course of time the French concept of the family has been under attack by Utopian doctrines advocating its abolition. It has also found champions of another extreme, who would like to see the family as a corporate legal entity endowed with legal personality separate from that of its members. However, the law has steered a middle course between these extremes of anarchy and legalism, proceeding from an authoritarian family formed around the patria potestas of the past towards a more democratic concept of today. A comparison between the English and the French legal concept of family would make a fascinating study. Unfortunately we have no comparative empirical studies in this field and are, therefore, left to speculate on the role of the law in family relations and wonder whether the English or the French approach is more successful in solving the many social and personal problems arising from the malfunctioning or disintegration of families. 6 v D. LASOK.


Rails are the foundation of railway transportation.The defects of rails directly and seriously affect the safety of railroad vehicles.The history and present situation of rails non-destructive inspection were introduced.For the issues of the traditional ultrasonic inspection method,the recent developments of rails non-destructive new techniques were reviewed,including the laser ultrasonic technique,the phased array ultrasonic technique,the electromagnetic acoustic technique,the ultrasonic guided waves technique,the acoustic emission technique,the electromagnetic measurement technique,the optical image and visual inspection technique,the fiber optical sensors measurement technique and vehicle-track interaction monitoring technique.With the analysis and comparison of the different non-destructive methods,the future developments of rails non-destructive inspection technique were discussed.


The cell gap measurement system of LCD was designed using FPGA as the core chip,in which the image of lights interferences stripe was obtained by using CCD.And it was optimized by the Canny algorithm.It was found that the system has many advantages such as less error,simple structure and easy to run.As a result,the system can be used as on-line automatic measurement system of LCD cell gap,and the relative standard deviation of it can be increased to more than 0.02%,which implies that the system can be used in the monitoring of LCD cell gap.


Nowadays it is widely acknowledged that solar photovoltaic energy is one of the preferred options for sustainable management of the future energy needs of the world. For this, new technological processes, known as second and third generations, based on the use of thin films and nanomaterials, have recently been developed in order to reduce the cost of solar cells. Over the past few years, the yield of second-generation Cu(In, Ga)Se2 thin-film cells has exceeded 22 %. It was found that as nanostructured materials such as nanowire arrays often have a higher light absorption rate than thin films, they can therefore be used. This article aims to design and model nanostructured CIGS thin film solar cells based on indium tin oxide (ITO) nanowires. Modelling provides information on the operation of CIGS solar cells, as well as on the mechanisms of absorption and electric charge transport. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the electrical and optical characteristics (ISC, VOC, FF, η) of a ZnO/CdS/CIGS heterojunction thin film structure. Thus, an optimum efficiency of 17.57 % and a form factor of 76.56 % were achieved. Afterwards, the Mo film rear contact was replaced with ITO nanowires which were introduced into the CIGS-based solar cell. The results indicated that the solar cells under study exhibited very good photovoltaic performance, with an efficiency of 21.26 %. It is worth noting that this performance is higher than that of the corresponding CIGS thin film cells. In addition, the large active surface area of the ITO nanowire electrode and the short distance that the charge must travel helped to improve charge collection in the nanostructure. This would certainly increase the short circuit current ISC, and consequently the electrical efficiency. The simulation was based on the low-field mobility model, and on Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH) and Auger carrier transport and recombination models which may be activated in ATLAS-SILVACO (2D).


Molecular simulations using the method of molecular dynamics have been carried out to determine if external fields can be used to increase the efficiency of membrane-based separation processes, examining both direct and several alternating electric fields, and across a range of frequencies. The results show that alternating electric fields have considerable promise as a valuable, yet generally neglected, tool for improving the efficiency of otherwise difficult separation processes.


General American Oils, Ltd. conducted a wet in-situ combustion pilot in the Wabiskaw Formation of the Wabasca Heavy Oil Sands Deposit from February, 1981 until February, 1983. The purpose of this test was to assist in determining if this process would be economically feasible in the Wabiskaw Formation. A single 20 acre (8.09 hectare) inverted seven spot was chosen as the pattern for the pilot. The operational concept was that the producing wells would be cyclic steamed to stimulate them at the same time that the wet in-situ combustion process was being conducted. To monitor the movement of the combustion front, a series of 3-D seismic surveys were scheduled. The initial survey was conducted prior to air injection and was used as a reference to compare to the surveys conducted after ignition of the pilot. The pilot performance using cyclic steam and wet in-situ combustion as well as the results of the 3-D seismic monitoring are discussed in this paper. The well completions and surface facilities design as well as operational concepts to allow year round operation in a muskeg environment are also discussed. Additional information was also gathered on the rock and fluid properties of the Wabiskaw. Even thoughmore » the project was terminated after two years of the planned five year program because of the poor performance exhibited using air injection, the information gathered will help in the design of future Wabiskaw pilots.« less


We describe the PEP-II Low-Energy Ring (LER) arc quadrupole and dipole magnets, being designed and built by a Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (LBL) and Institute of High Energy Physics (IHEP) collaboration. The LER requires 292 "standard" 43-cm long, 10-cm bore aperture laminated quadrupoles. A 2-piece construction was chosen to reduce the influence of assembly tolerances on field quality. Laminations with an optimized pole profile are punched from 1 m/spl times/2 m/spl times/0.5 mm steel sheet, a standard product in China. The chosen design is patterned after that of the Advanced Light Source (ALS) booster quadrupole. As some of the quadrupoles are run in long strings and others in short strings, two coil types (15-turn and 58-turn, each with several cooling-circuit topologies) are being fabricated. The majority of coils are aluminum but a few quadrupoles require copper coils due to their high excitation. Fabrication, assembly, magnetic measurements and fiducialization will be carried out at IHEP. Dipoles will be fabricated similarly. We require 192 dipoles, 45-cm long, with a magnetic radius of 13.75 m and a good-field aperture of 90 mm; the pole shape is optimized for field levels up to 3.5 GeV beam energy. Coils are an aluminum pancake configuration designed to keep power consumption moderate.


The relevance of the proposed study arose from the necessity to define the correlation between the morphologic and syntactic categories of the verb; disclose the functional characteristics of this part of speech that defines the structure of the sentence, the implementation of word formation intentions of the word and construction of the text as an integral unit of the communicative syntax. The article observes the major types of predicates, existing in Modern Greek. The author has coined the lexical content, morphological arrangement as well as the syntactic behavior of objective syntaxemes. At the semantic and syntactic level, the objective syntaxemes hold the position of right-sided strongly controlled member of the sentence. Prototype objective syntaxeme is the causative with a categorical seme expressing motivation of occurrence of the signs of substances. In Modern Greek, causative verbs are represented by the verbs of one lexeme; the verbs of different lexemes; the verbs created using word-formation instruments. Causatives represented by the verbs of one lexeme are interpreted by author as verbs with the variable valence. Verbs with the variable valence include those in which the morphological form itself creates the transitive and intransitive constructions without changing its voice affiliation Word-formation transformative of verbs with the variable valence is represented by the adjective-based and noun-derived verbs. This description enables the preparation of the functional grammar of Modern Greek, which is an urgent task of Modern hellinistic. In common language sense, the interpretation of the study results is important to identify the correlation between the semantic and syntactic structure of the sentence, to determine the semantic types of predicates and to classify the objective syntaxemes.


During a ten-year period 735 patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm were admitted of whom 656 patients were operated on. The perioperative mortality was 18%: 5% in cases electively operated on, 17% in acute not ruptured cases, and 37% in patients presenting with rupture. Age significantly affected peri operative (< 31 days) mortality—both considered alone and assessed together with other risk factors. Further analysis indicated that the perioperative mor tality of octogenarians did not differ from the mortality of septuagenarians, who on the other hand experienced a perioperative mortality rate twice that of patients younger than seventy years. Survival beyond the perioperative period was adversely affected only by age and ischemic heart disease.


Introduction:
 A high-cholesterol diet has been reported to induce vascular deposition of lipids and oxidized LDL cholesterol in macrophages and other cell types in 15 day-old zebrafish larvae. However, results were based on small samples, and little is known about the heterogeneity of effect within and between conditions, the image quantification procedure used, and the influence of dietary energy. We intend to perform large-scale genetic and compound screens for coronary heart disease, and aimed to confirm or refute if zebrafish larvae are a suitable model system.

 Methods:
 In total, 940 transgenic zebrafish larvae were fed on one of six diets between 5 and 10 days post-fertilization (dpf), to examine main effects of, and interactions between dietary energy and cholesterol. At 10 dpf, we assessed body length and acquired optical sections of the dorsal aorta and caudal vein using an automated positioning system, fluorescence microscope and CCD camera. Atherogenic traits were quantified using a custom-written image analysis pipeline in Ilastik, CellProfiler and ImageJ, and larvae were used to assess whole body levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides and glucose using enzymatic assays. Associations were adjusted for body length, ether - used to prepare the high-cholesterol diet - and batch.

 Results:
 A high-energy diet resulted in elevated triglyceride levels (p=7.8E-3) - especially in the presence of high dietary cholesterol (p-interaction=0.01) - and in more vascular infiltration by lipids (p=1.0E-12), and co-localising lipids and macrophages (p=0.04), independently of dietary cholesterol. A high-cholesterol diet resulted in higher glucose levels (p=2.1E-3), and in more vascular infiltration by lipids (p=0.01), and co-localising lipids and neutrophils (p=0.04), and lipids, neutrophils and macrophages (p=0.01), independently of dietary energy. Qualitative analyses showed that vascular lipid deposits typically contain oxidised LDL cholesterol, and are located at bifurcation sites of the endothelium.

 Conclusions:
 Zebrafish larvae represent a promising model system for high-throughput, image-based screens of early-stage atherosclerosis, and dietary energy and cholesterol induce distinct atherogenic traits as early as 10 dpf.


A total of 310 Barley accessions collected from ICARDA, Lebanon and grown in Indian condition at ICARDA-IRP (India Research Platform), Amlaha, (M.P.) were analyzed for morphological and genetic variability using nine agro-morphological traits i.e. Plant height (cm), number of tillers per plant, days to heading, number of ear heads per pant, length of ear (cm), number of spikelets per earhead, number of grains per earhead, yield per plant (g), and 1000-grain weight (g). The highest coefficient of variation as a result of highest diversity among the genotypes were found for grains per earhead (37.5%), spikelets per earhead (37.5%), yield per plant (35.3%), tillers per plant (31.3%) and earhead per plant (31.2%). However, ear length (16.9%), days to heading (15.4%), 1000-grain weight (13.5%) and plant height (11.2%) have conributued less to diversity with lower cofficient of variation. In cluster analysis, all the characters were used to construct a distance matrix using the Euclidian coefficient, and used to generate dendrogram showing similarity among all the genotypes, distance coefficient ranged between 0 and 200 which reveal the genetic diversity among genotypes. These exotic accessions evaluated can be further used for primary or secondary introduction in Indian breeding program.


The paper researches the land use investigation by using aerial photography which obtained by the high resolution CCD. It discusses the method to interpret land use in Liugou of Penglai and use the parallel relation between digital orthophoto(DOM) and features to analyze the condition of land use with with 3S technology to expression in detail. It will provide scientific and necessary references to making town planning, general planning of land use and building a reasonable land information basis.


This study seeks to understand if utilizing simulations beyond the classroom and accessing the simulations daily with mobile devices provide a holistic understanding and comprehension for learning and strategy building. It is concluded that mobile devices can become an extension of the traditional classroom, and in some cases, it can even become a substitute for classroom interaction. .


abstract In this article we explore decision-making about treatment when a child faces a life-threatening illness but conventional treatment presents substantial risk and uncertain benefit. When is it acceptable for parents to decide to use complementary and alternative medicine as an alternative, rather than a complement, to conventional care? We use the example of a young child suffering from progressive glycogen storage disease, for whom liver transplant offers the only prospect of a cure. Without a liver transplant, the disease usually results in death within a few years. However, experience using transplant to treat this illness has been limited, success is far from ensured, and the risks (including death and continued progression of the disease) are substantial. The child's parents, who are first-generation immigrants, consider the risks of the transplant unjustified because it still does not offer good prospects for a healthy future. They believe that traditional Chinese medicine could help remediate their daughter's disease. In the article we (1) review parents' obligation to make treatment decisions in the best interests of their child, (2) explain limits on parents' decision-making authority, (3) explore how " best interests " are determined , focusing on cases of serious illness for which conventional treatment is risky and benefit is possible but uncertain, (4) explain the standard of care that physicians must meet in advising about treatment , and (5) outline factors that clinicians and parents should take into account when making decisions. ABBREVIATIONS GSD IV—glycogen storage disease type IV TCM—traditional Chinese medicine CAM—complementary and alternative medicine FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE: The authors have indicated they have no financial relationships relevant to this article to disclose. Angela is a 3-year-old Asian child who was diagnosed at 15 months of age with glycogen storage disease type IV (GSD IV), a rare genetic metabolic disorder. Since her diagnosis, her parents have watched her health slowly deteriorate. Angela's gastrointestinal specialist tells her parents that although her condition is not imminently life-threatening, without intervention the condition usually results in death before 5 years of age. Given her disease progression, only a liver transplant offers any prospect for a cure. However, success is far from ensured, and the risks are substantial. Her specialist suggests that Angela be placed on the transplant waiting list. Three weeks later, Angela's parents return to the primary care physician and state that they do not want her on the transplant waiting list. They oppose the invasive …


Through analyzing the spatial characteristics of indemnificatory housing distribution in Nanjing from 2002-2009,this article researches into major problems in spatial distribution of indemnificatory housing ,such as long distance from employment,inconvenient traffic,poor public facilities and urban residential space differentiation.Furthermore,from the perspectitive of urban planning,it proposes certain optimizing strategies of relevant spatial development so as to provide reference for future construction of indemnificatory housing and accelerate harmonious social development.


Poitical, social and economic changes were affected the whole world at the beginning of the last century. Because of these rapid changes, housing became  the most important problem on the architectural agenda. Modern architecture was erected on the housing problem and that it killed  also with the housing problem, that  allegations  had taken long been on the architectural discussions. In the historical process throughout the world, the theory and practice of housing started as a subject-dependent, static, invariable objective phenomenon and gradually left its place to approaches that are independent of the nonsubject, dynamic, changeable and subjective in this context. In our country ,at the beginning of the new republic, the housing problem occupied an important area in the field of architecture. The aim of this study is to determine the development and change of the theoretical and practical works related to the housing, which was trying to be formed during the 1930s, to catch the clues that will affect the present and to determine the effects of the results to be obtained on the current housing problem.  Also  theoretical and practical  documents  of the housing were used together. Sources, feeding the architectural environment of our country, working as the only publishing body for a long time, were handled within the scope of the magazine of the chamber of architects, and a re-reading was made over printed texts, projects and buildings. In this context, making evaluations that will shed light on the todays constitute the method of the research. Despite the historical difference approaching the century, looking again at the field of theory and practice will provide a significant accumulation, understanding architectural strategies and remembering missed opportunities can be accepted as the basis of the study. Within the very complex structure of the housing, revising the mechanisms of controlling architecture will be able to determine the method of generating new sensitivities for todays housing problem.


Meta-learning is one of the effective classifier combination techniques,which is used for distributed mining of classification.The key problem of this method is that the performance of meta-classifier depending on the feature vector of meta training set.Combining large quantities of base classifiers for domains with many classes will produce high-dimension feature vector.This paper presents a method that employs Principle Component Analysis(PCA) to extract high dimension data for meta learning,then the predictive information of base classifiers will concentrate on the minimum dimension of the vector,which will improve the generalization efficiency for meta learning.Experimental evaluation shows that the new algorithm is feasible and efficient.


1. This Guideline supports the Principles for the Risk Analysis of Foods Derived from Modern Biotechnology and addresses safety and nutritional aspects of foods produced through the actions of recombinant-DNA microorganisms. The recombinant-DNA microorganisms that are used to produce these foods are typically derived using the techniques of modern biotechnology from strains that have a history of safe, purposeful use in food production. However, in instances where the recipient strains do not have a history of safe use their safety will have to be established. Such food and food ingredients may contain viable or non-viable recombinant-DNA microorganisms or may be produced by fermentation using recombinant-DNA microorganisms from which the recombinant-DNA microorganisms may have been removed.


The two main workhorses of state tax systems are levies on sales and individual incomes. In this paper we develop and implement a coherent methodology for characterizing these systems. The measures thus generated are used to show how the various systems differ across states, and how they evolved over the seven year period 1977-1983. We consider the systems' revenue elasticities with respect to income, average and marginal tax rates at various income levels, and several other issues as well.


A team of researchers from the German Institute for Quality and Eff iciency in Health Care (IQWiG; Cologne, Germany) carried out a study to evaluate the benefits and risks associated with the anti depressant reboxetine compared with those of placebo and other antidepressants, known as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), used in the treatment of depression. The results of this study published in British Medical Journal suggest that reboxetine is, in fact, ineffective, and is a potentially harmful drug. Since 1997, reboxetine has been approved for use in the treatment of major depressive disorder in many European countries, but doubts have been expressed with regard to its effectiveness based on the results of recent studies and the rejection the approval application in 2001 in the USA. This is despite the existence of published trials that demonstrate a positive risk–benefit profile for reboxetine. The IQWiG-led study analyzed the results of 13 clinical trials, which included data from eight previously unpublished trials from reboxetine's manufacturer – Pfizer – that were only released under public pressure. The study found that the overall quality of the trials was good; however, data on 74% of the participants had not been published until now. The study also found that the published data on the antidepressant overestimated the benefits and underestimated the risks of the treatment. The researchers found no considerable difference in benefit (i.e., remission and response rates) compared with placebo, and inferior benefit compared with other SSRIs, as well as a higher rate of patients affected by adverse events than with placebo, and higher withdrawal rates owing to adverse events than with placebo and the SSRI fluoxetine.


To explore the value of the modified qualitative scoring of MMSE pentagon test (mQSPT) in the differential diagnosis of Lewy body dementia (DLB) and Alzheimer's disease (AD).


A major threat to network security is the multi-stage attack, where an attacker compromises an outer edge server from which he penetrates an inner server, and so on, until he gains access to protected information deep in the network. Intrusion detection systems (IDS) can detect such attacks, but limited resources constrain the number of IDS deployed. Software defined networking (SDN) provides network flexibility, and combined with network function virtualization (NFV), it enables IDS placement optimizations that can relieve cost constraint pressures. In this work, we develop a novel algorithm for placing IDS to maximize network protection benefits and minimize costs. The benefit of an IDS configuration is given by the probability of reducing an attacker's chance of success, and the corresponding cost includes IDS installation and operational costs. We find the configuration which yields the highest benefit given a cost constraint by using the genetic algorithm for optimization, and we compare its results to exhaustive techniques. For networks with more than 5 servers, the algorithm consistently maintains over 85% of the maximum benefit with its placement of IDS, while keeping costs as low as 30% of the naive completecoverage cost. The genetic algorithm error is less than 5% when compared to exhaustive techniques; and for networks larger than 10 servers, the genetic algorithm runtime is less than a third of the exhaustive search runtime. Using our solution, network administrators can reduce the costs of protecting their systems from multi-stage attacks.


Large scale fingerprint recognition systems have been deployed worldwide not only in law enforcement but also in many civilian applications. Thus, it is of great value o identify a query fingerprint in a large background finger-print database both effectively and efficiently based on indexing strategies. The published indexing algorithms do not meet the requirements, especially at low penetrate rates, because of the difficulty in extracting reliable minutiae and other features in low quality fingerprint images. We propose a Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNet) based fingerprint indexing algorithm. An orientation field dictionary is learned to align fingerprints in a unified coordinate system and a large longitudinal fingerprint database, where each finger has multiple impressions over time, is used to train the ConvNet. Experimental results on NIST SD4 and NIST SD14 show that the proposed approach outperforms state-of-the-art fingerprint indexing techniques reported in the literature. Further indexing results on an augmented gallery set of 250K rolled prints demonstrate the scalability of the proposed algorithm. At a penetrate rate of 1%, a score-level fusion of the proposed indexing and a state-of-the-art COTS SDK provides 97.8% rank-1 identification accuracy with a 100-fold reduction in the search space.


Covid pandemic is spreading since end 2019 arround globe, this resulting several countries suffer economic crisis. Due people movement restriction and international border is closed, impact halting on export and import. Indonesia with 267,7 million people manage to overcome global crisis during 1998 and 2008 with encourage small and local industry. According data from BPS, SME support 60% GDP with Rp 7,7 Billion and provide 85 million employment. To sustain SME during customer shifting behavior, we propose small cluster server called as LETS. LETS is modular, and composed with several Raspberry Pi 4, also consume few energies compared with traditional server. Although Raspberry Pi 4 is small size with few limitations, with lightweight application (ansible, k3s, and nginx) it can provide web server service. LETS provide handling traffic up to 742 simultaneus requests, which sufficient of SME requirement.


Learning media is anything that delivers messages from sources to recipients in the context of the interaction of teaching and learning, teachers should be able to use or use them either as a teaching aid or as a medium of learning. In the use of religious learning media, teachers should be able to adjust the material characteristics that will be presented and can attract students' attention, and not contrary to the religious shari'ah or not violate religious ethics. Departing from the problems above, then in general the problems formulated in this research is, how is the use of learning media at MI Negeri Watuagung Tambak Banyumas? The research that the author did in MI Negeri Watuagung Tambak Banyumas is included in qualitative descriptive research. In the course of collecting data, the author uses the method of observation, interview, and documentation. As for the analysis, the authors use descriptive qualitative analysis techniques, namely in the form of data written or oral from people and perpetrators observed so that in this case the author seeks to conduct research that is describe thoroughly about the actual situation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that in the process of learning PAI in MI Negeri Watuagung Tambak Banyumas teachers using learning media. But depending on the learning materials (conditional). Besides, in using the existing learning media and using methods in accordance with the material that will convey, that is tailored to the material, objectives, methods, characteristics of students in class, it is intended that the use of learning media does not deviate from the material so that students' understanding with the use learning media can be more easily achieved. The types of media used by PAI teachers in MI Negeri Watuagung Tambak Banyumas include: blackboards, LCD Projectors, LKS, package books, Al-Quran and translations, CDs, VCDs, Television. Teachers use various variations in the use of instructional media, including media and material heard, media and materials viewed as well as media and materials that can be touched or manipulated (active media). Keywords: Use of Learning Media, Islamic Religious Education


ABSTRACT Variation in the locomotion behavior of Gammarus pulex was studied using the Multispecies Freshwater Biomonitor®. Behavior was recorded individually under a 12:12 h light:dark cycle for a period of 7 d during which the amphipods were not fed. Gammarids behaved differently during the first 7 h in the laboratory chambers. Most specimens were active and decreased their activity but some were relatively inactive after the start of the experiment and increased their locomotion. At least 2 h are needed by G. pulex to accustom to the conditions. No significant relationships existed between type of behavior during the acclimation period or acclimation time and gender or length of the gammarids. There was a large variation in time spent on locomotion during the first night. In general, males were significantly more active than females. Within males, a distinction can be made between very active and less active specimens. The 7-d observation period showed that only 70% of the specimens demonstrated a clear day–night rhythm with higher activity during the night. Unexpectedly, approximately 10% of the specimens were more active during daytime. Furthermore, in this study locomotion became relatively stable only after 4 d. Inter-individual variation in behavior must be taken into account when using behavior as an endpoint in ecotoxicological bioassays.


Evaluation of the nutritive quality of edible meat powder from Pseneopsis cyanea and of fish meals from Pseneopsis cyanea , Chlorophlhalmus agassizi and Epinnula orienlalis was carried out by chemical and biological methods. Protein efficiency ratio (PER) was lower than or equal to that of the reference protein casein for the meals from P. cyanea and C. agassizi and for the edible meat powder from P. cyanea . The intake of food and PER of E. orienlalis meal was very low. Based on essential amino acid data, leucine, cystine, methionine, hreonine and valine were found to be the limiting amino acids in the meals, the amino acid scores being respectively 78, 85, 72 and 53 for the fish meals from P. cyanea , C. agassizi with and without stick liquor and E. orientalis .


Objective: Our purpose was to determine whether a borderline amniotic index during antenatal testing confers a significant risk of poor perinatal outcome. Study Design: We conducted a retrospective review of all patients having antepartum testing at Gynae and Obstetrics department Fatima memorial hospital during six months period from January 2008 to June 2008.All women with singleton cephalic pregnancies who underwent antepartum testing within 1 week of delivery and who were delivered at Fatima Memorial Hospital were included in the study. An FI greater than 5cm and less than 10cm was defined as borderline and AFI of 10cm24cm was considered normal. Main outcome Measures: Perinatal death, intrapartum fetal distress, 5 min A/s<7, meconium staining of AF, IUGR and admission to neonatal ICU. Results: There was no significant increase in the incidence of adverse perinatal outcome among the women with borderline AFI in comparison with control subjects with normal AFI volume. However an AFI<5cm was significantly associated with birth asphyxia, meconium aspiration, caesarean for fetal distress and low APRG score. Conclusion: The present study suggests that borderline AFI is a weak predictive of perinatal outcome however an antepartum and intrapartum AFI of <5cm is associated with increased incidence of LSCS for fetal distress and a low APGAR score. A multicenter study with significant power should be undertaken to demonstrate that a low AFI is associated with an arterial PH<7.


Suppurative intraocular infection is a devastating complication of intraocular surgery and penetrating wounds of the globe. Despite the advent of the corticosteroids and newer antibiotics, the prognosis remains very grave. Even with prompt treatment, useful vision is permanently lost in the majority of cases and frequently the globe has to be eviscerated. Fortunately during the last two decades the incidence ofpostoperative intraocular infections has decreased, mainly through improvements in surgical and aseptic techniques and the use of prophylactic antibiotics. This paper describes a therapeutic regime which has been used in the treatment of twenty cases of suppurative intraocular infection. In no case did the infection lead to the loss of the globe.


Food policy is an element of the implementation of the mechanism of strategic management of food security and the development of the national food supply system. It involves a set of coordinated measures aimed at changing the productive capacity of the agri-food sector of the national economy in accordance with the resource capabilities and market needs. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors that have the greatest impact on food security in various countries. The study has allowed the authors to identify the factors that have the greatest impact on ensuring food security. The restrictive impact of these factors on ensuring national economic security has been analyzed. Financial and non-financial measures to support agro-industrial production in the context of import substitution policies have been highlighted. In this paper, the authors have used a methodological approach to the development of proposals for the development of agri-food policy, based on the integrated improvement of the production structure of the regional food supply system.


The purposes of the study were to describe the growth and body composition of young female volleyball players and to verify significant differences between two competitive levels, three different positions (setters, middle-blockers and left side hitters) and the classification on a tournament. One hundred seventy nine young female volleyball players, from sixteen teams of two competitive groups (15 years old and 16-17 years old) were evaluated. The statistic analyses applied were: descriptive, analysis of variance (ANOVA) to compare group means, and principal components technique that created two components (growth and body composition). Body composition presented similar values for all groups. Variables related to growth, however, presented significant differences between groups. Higher values were found for the oldest group, for middle-blockers, followed by left side hitters and setters, and for the first classified teams. That confirms the important role of growth in the talent selection and promotion process towards higher competitive levels in volleyball.


This document introduces an extension to the Home Agent Reliability
protocol standardized in MEXT Working Group for LMA reliability. In
Proxy Mobile IPv6[RFC5213], LMA is an anchor which is similar to Home
Agent of Mobile IPv6[RFC3775]. Providing LMA reliability is achieved
with the extensions described in this document.


In the vast compositional output of George Frideric Handel, the violin figures prominently as a solo instrument in concertos, suites and sonatas, in complex obbligatos for operatic arias, and in accompaniments for cantatas. Handel had an intimate practical and theoretical knowledge of the instrument, having been exposed to numerous schools of playing from an early age; he knew well the limits to which its technical capabilities could be pushed. Having commenced his formal musical studies in Halle under the guidance of Friedrich Wilhelm Zachow, who taught him keyboard and composition, he began to study violin from the age of twelve.1 Zachow introduced him to a wide variety of national styles and to works by notable composers. Such a well-rounded musical education would stand Handel in good stead for the early stages of his professional career, which would begin as a violinist in the Hamburg opera. Later, his understanding of the instrument would broaden considerably as he travelled to Rome, the home of one of Europe's great schools of violin-playing.


【Objective】A modified 1-butanol pathway was constructed in non-native producer Escherichia coli to produce butanol.【Method】By cloning the acetyltransferase gene fromE. coli,and the key butanol synthetic pathway genes crt,hbd and adhE from Clostridium acetobutylicum,the polycistron expression plasmid pSE380-atoB-adhE-crt-hbdwas constructed;by cloning the trans-2-enoyl-CoA reductase gene terfromTreponema denticola,the expression plasmid pSTV29-ter was constructed.【Result】The recombinant E.coli containing the double plasmids was fermented in micro-aerobic and the maximal concentration of butanol was 0.08g/L at 24h.【Conclusion】The butanol synthetic pathway was expressed in E.coli and the recombinant strain of producing butanol was constructed successfully.


The software interface presented is part of the C-NET programming environment developed for SuperNode. The main idea around which the whole environment has been developed is dynamic reconfiguration. In the first step a computing model was designed that took into account the hardware capabilities of the machine. For reasons that are examined in the paper the authors decided to choose a phase model. In this model a program is designed as a phase machine that can execute sequences of phases separated from one another by synchronisation-reconfiguration points. Each phase is intended to be executed on the graph that suits, in the best possible way, the needs of the performed data movements (bulk-synchrony with reconfiguration). The computing model gave rise to the design of a virtual machine which constituted the starting point of the C-NET development. >


The article describes a method for determination of the effective composition of lightweight aggregate (LWA) concrete. The mix water absorption of the porous aggregates may be calculated from the volume reduction in the fresh concrete, regarding the difference between density of the proportioned recipe and the measured density of fresh concrete. A method for determination of dry particle density of porous aggregates by a pycnometer is also described. By replacing water by a non-water soluble fluid the SSD situation for the aggregates can be identified. (A) For the covering abstract see IRRD 851601.


Marnix Beyen, Canons in dialogue After pointing out that the idea of a national canon is completely absent when history is taught in Belgium, the author goes on to reject the whole idea of a national canon, describing it as a paternalist attempt to streamline the past according to the wishes of a well-meaning elite. Aside from viewing this idea as an unscientific over simplification of complex issues, heal so deems it to be counter productive from a social point of view. In his opinion, it threatens to alienate youngsters in the Netherlands even more from their past. An alternative approach, he argues, would be to provide more scope for an active dialogue between different, sub-culturally determined historical canons when teaching history.


What are the political consequences of immigration? Theoretically, the mechanisms of intergroup contact and outgroup threat can lead to contradictory effects, and it remains uncertain which one would prevail in different contexts. In this article I study the impact of immigration from Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) on support for Eurosceptic parties between 2004 and 2019 in the Netherlands, Denmark, Sweden, Finland, Italy and Portugal. I find that higher levels of immigration from CEE are systematically related to higher voting shares cast for right-wing Eurosceptic parties at the local level in all of these countries, net of the influence of non-Western immigration. In most countries, the effects are also robust to including a rich set of local-level socio-economic controls. These effects can be found in elections for the European Parliament as well as in national elections. The effects have not diminished over the past 15 years and are most visible in mid-sized localities. The effect on left-wing Euroscepticism is positive in the Netherlands, but negative in Denmark, Sweden and Italy. These results highlight the tension between free movement and political support for European integration. Even in the European Union, immigration from other member states can trigger hostile political reactions.


This study focuses on a semi‐single‐chamber microbial electrolysis cell (MEC) based on an anode made of carbon cloth (CCp) combined with stainless‐steel (SS) and encapsulated in a dialysis bag with different molecular weight cut‐offs of 2, 14, and 50 kDa (D2‐, D14‐, and D50‐COMBp, respectively). The encapsulated anode was inoculated with Geobacter sulfurreducens in a small volume directly into the dialysis bag. While the MEC with the non‐encapsulated anode was inoculated into the main chamber volume. The hydrogen evolution rates obtained in the MECs based on D2‐COMBp, D14‐COMBp, and D50‐COMBp anodes were 0.134 ± 0.005, 0.144 ± 0.014, and 0.160 ± 0.009 m3m−2d−1, respectively; while the COMBp led to only 0.122 ± 0.004 m3m−2d−1. When the MEC utilizing D50‐COMBp was fed with wastewater, the current density was only 12.4 ± 0.21 A m−2, compared to feeding with acetate (15.7 ± 0.63 A m−2). The encapsulated anode in the presence of wastewater included 70% of G. sulfurreducens, while the non‐encapsulated included only 58%.


Introduction Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) is thought to be the most common genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease and has a number of polymorphisms. While the E2 allele is proposed to play a protective role, it E4 allele is said to increase the risk of cognitive decline. We therefore hypothesised that the presence of ApoE4 would be predictive of dysphagia symptoms. Methods 800 members of a genetically well characterised community dwelling elderly cohort received the Sydney oropharyngeal dysphagia questionnaire via mail.1 Cognitive function was also measured using the Telephone Interview of Cognitive Status and mood with the Geriatric Depression Score (GDS). ApoE4/2 allele status was then correlated with dysphagia symptoms. Results Completed questionnaire response rate was 79% (23.5% men, 76.5% women; mean age 81±5 years; range 69–98 years). Possession of one or more of the ApoE4 and 2 alleles was found in 23.5% and 16% respectively. Swallowing score was significantly related to GDS (CC 0.133, p<0.001**) and Age (CC 0.107, p<0.007**). While dysphagia was not significantly associated with possession of single E4 or E2 alleles, ApoE4 homozygosity was associated with significantly higher swallowing scores compared to all other allele combinations (p=0.033). Conclusion We have shown a novel relationship between self reported dysphagic symptoms and ApoE genotype in community dwelling older adults. The presence of ApoE4 homozygostiy appears to associate with dysphagia symptoms but requires replication in independent larger cohorts.Abstract PWE-061 Figure 1 Competing interests None declared. Reference 1. Wallace KL, Middleton S, Cook IJ. Development and validation of a self-report symptom inventory to assess the severity of oral-pharyngeal dysphagia. Gastroenterology 2000;118:678–87.


T H ROM B E LAS TOG RAP H Y is a method devised in 1947 by Hartert for the graphic recording of the physical processes of blood coagulation, and for the instrumental measurement of clotting times (Hartert, 1948, 1951, 1953). It has been extensively used in Runge's Gynaecological Clinic in Heidelberg since 1950, for the investigation of post-partum and post-operative venous thrombosis; and some striking results have been claimed in this field (Runge, 1952; Runge & Hartert, 1952). Peterson et al. (1954) also report on its use from Weicher's Medical Clinic in Aachen. In Italy, de Nicola has used it for the investigation of haemorrhagic states (de Nicola, 1952, 1955, 1957; de Nicola & Mazzeth, 1956; de Nicola & Fumarola 1957). Hitherto its use has not been reported in this country.


The goal of this paper is to discuss the joint analyses of fiscal, income and monetary policy in modifying aggregate spending. The paper is focused on the specific characteristics of aggregate demand depending on phases of economic cycle. Through this paper I also intend to emphasize that the recent crisis involved a shortfall of aggregate demand, falling incomes, budget deficit, monetary difficulties in which it is necessary the implementation of proper macroeconomic policies tools. In order to adjust aggregate demand in reaching the main goals of macroeconomic wealth which are price stability and economic growth, the fiscal, income and monetary policy need to be coordinated in adequate ratios. These measures imply good cost benefit analyses before applying the proper mix of policies


The investigation of the solid state assembly of propargyl substituted hexa- and octacyclic peptoids highlights the effect of ring size in determining the packing arrangement of the macrocycles. A layered arrangement is obtained in the case of the hexacyclic peptoid 1 and a tubular arrangement in the case of the octacyclic peptoid 2. Guest molecules either intercalate between the layers as in 1 or are located within the peptoid nanotube as in 2.


Economiques. http://www.insee.fr (accessed 16 Jan 2009). 8. Comp PC, Thurnau GR, Welsh J, et al. Functional and immunologic protein S levels are decreased during pregnancy. Blood 1986;68:881–5. 9. Gonzalez R, Alberca I, Vicente V. Protein C levels in late pregnancy, postpartum and in women on oral contraceptives. Thromb Res 1985;39:637–40. 10. Lim W, Eikelboom JW, Ginsberg JS. Inherited thrombophilia and pregnancy associated venous thromboembolism. BMJ 2007;334:1318–21.


Abstract Water-distilled volatiles from the leaves of Eryngium foetidum L. of Cuban origin were analyzed by a combination of GC and GC/MS. Forty-six components were identified, of which the major ones were found to be 2,4,5-trimethylbenzaldehyde (20.53%), hexadecanoic acid (12.05%) and carotol (9.94%).


Dual-satellite geolocation system can locate a stationary emitter on Earth by using time and frequency differences of arrival (TDOA/FDOA). However, emitter motion will cause a bias on the FDOA, resulting in calculated positions with unacceptable errors. If motion is detected, the position is known to be inaccurate. Two algorithms for motion detection based on TDOA/FDOA measurements were proposed by using fit test and Rao test which just need the position estimation of stationary hypothesis. The performances were analyzed and compared, and the availability was verified by the simulation results.


THIS ESSENTIALLY OUTLINES the binitarian ideas that developed in pre-Christian Judaism and can be viewed as the pool of ideas from which New Testament Christianity drew. Summarizing the range of the texts, it becomes apparent how many of them view the enigmatic godlike or semi-godlike figure alongside God to be an angel. This starts with the angel Michael in Daniel 7, the source of almost all further developments, and climaxes in the Qumran texts. This is hardly surprising, because the angels in Qumran are not by chance referred to as ...