motivating force of spokesperson achievement. On the other hand, when judging the attainability of a spokesperson's achievement, consumers consider whether they can reach a comparable success by analyzing whether they can complete the necessary steps to succeed in the goal domain. These considerations touch on the subordinate feasibility aspect of a goal. Thus, attainability is likely to be a more concrete influencing force of spokesperson achievement (Liberman & Trope, 1998; Trope et al., 2007). Consequently, when focusing on desirability in goal pursuit, consumers will be more sensitive to the perceived inspiration of spokesperson achievement and hence, respond more favorably towards the higher-achieving spokesperson. In contrast, when focusing on the feasibility aspect of a goal, consumers will be more attuned to the perceived attainability of spokesperson achievement and thus, more motivated by the lower-achieving one. In short, consumers' desirability versus feasibility focus of goal pursuit will moderate the effect of a spokesperson's domain achievement on consumers' motivation to pursue a goal in the same domain. Past research has identified two psychological constructs that alter individuals' relative focus on desirability versus feasibility. First, the construal levels adjust consumers' desirability versus feasibility focus. According to the construal level theory, an abstract construal consists of superordinate information, whereas a concrete construal tends to include subordinate details. As desirability indicates the superordinate why aspects, and feasibility reflects the subordinate how aspects, of an action, consumers are likely to pay more attention to desirability than to feasibility when they adopt an abstract construal, and vice versa is true when they adopt a concrete construal. (Liberman & Trope, 1998; Trope & Liberman, 2003). Second, the process versus outcome focus also changes consumers' emphasis on desirability


Pingba County, Guizhou Province Rural Land Circulation survey showed that rural land circulation shows some new Characteristics, on this basis, summed up the experience of transferring land, the existence question, and accordingly put forward the countermeasures and proposals.


This study aims to test the validity, reliability, practicality, and effectiveness of the instructional module developed for students in Early Childhood Education Study Program (PG-PAUD), Faculty of Teacher Training and Education (FKIP), Sriwijaya University, Indonesia. The research was conducted in four stages as follows: 1) designing teaching materials for early childhood educational toys development; 2) evaluating the validity and reliability of the module by related experts; 3) testing the practicality and effectiveness of the module prior to expert evaluation in a small group of students; 4) testing practicality and effectiveness of the module after revision in a larger group of students. A qualitative-descriptive technique was applied for the data analysis. The results showed reliability of the module's content and designs are 83.21% and 87.30% respectively. The mean gain-score achieved by students in practicality and effectiveness test before and after module's revision consecutively are 0.88 and 0.96. It suggests therefore, the module developed titled "Development of Early Childhood Educational Toys" worth to be categorized as valid, reliable, practical, dan effective.


This report discusses an experimental program to study production of the eta-meson and subsequent interaction of the eta with the nucleus. In experiments at LAMPF we produced eta through the ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. eta n reaction and detected eta production by measuring the two gamma rays in the eta ..-->.. 2..gamma.. decay or by measuring only the forward-going neutrons or charged particles. We propose additional experiments that could be performed with existing apparatus; in addition, we suggest further pertinent investigations that will be possible with the more energetic pion beams from LAMPF II. 14 refs., 6 figs., 2 tabs.


Numerous studies have found good correlation of static Coulomb failure stress (ΔCFS) from large earthquakes with the occurrence of aftershocks and other earthquakes later in time. However, reasons for a less than perfect correlation includes the observation that aftershocks often occur in the ΔCFS shadow zones, and remote triggering of earthquakes is difficult to explain from relatively small ΔCFS values. Recently, complete or dynamic Coulomb failure stress, parameterized by its largest positive value (peak ΔCFS(t)), has been proposed as an alternative triggering mechanism (Kilb, 2002). In order to quantify the ability of the ΔCFS and peak ΔCFS(t) distributions for large earthquakes to trigger other large earthquakes, aftershocks, and aseismic slip, we have modeled ΔCFS and peak ΔCFS(t) for four recent historical earthquakes in the Salton Trough area of the Imperial Valley, California (1968 M6.7 Borrego Mountain, 1979 M6.6 Imperial Valley, 1987 M6.6 Elmore Ranch, and M6.5 Superstition Hills), using a finite-difference method. A cross-correlation is calculated between the modeled stresses and seismicity rate change in terms of the Z-value (Habermann, 1983). Modeling results show that peak ΔCFS(t) provides significantly better correlation with later mainshocks, aftershocks, seismicity rate change, and triggered slip than ΔCFS for all four events. On average, peak ΔCFS(t) fits the seismicity rate change 26% better than ΔCFS for time periods up to a month after the mainshocks, and peak ΔCFS(t) correlates with aftershocks significantly better than ΔCFS up to two years after the mainshock events. Our results for the Salton Trough suggest that peak ΔCFS(t) may be a more robust and sensitive parameter for earthquake triggering estimation, as compared to ΔCFS calculations.


Three new monomers, 2-hydroxyethoxycarbonylethyl methoxycarbonylethyl sulfide (HEMS), 2-hydroxyethoxycarbonyl (2´-methyl) ethyl methoxycarbonylethyl sulfide (HMMS), and 3, 3´-dithiodiethylcarboxy allyl (DTCA) were synthesized from 3-mercaptopropionic acid (3-MPA) or methyl 3-mercaptopropionate (M3-MP). Polycondensations of HEMS and HMMS were performed with several metal acetates as catalysts to obtain the corresponding polythioethers with number average molecular weights (Mn) of up to 6.4×103. Radical polymerizations of DTCA were carried out in bulk at 110°C to obtain polymers having allyl groups in the side chain. Polymerizations of DTCA with ethylene diamine (EDA) or hexamethylene diamine (HDA) were performed under various conditions to obtain the corresponding polymers. Decomposition temperatures (Td) and glass transition temperatures (Tg) of the polymers were 146—252°C and -54—-1°C, respectively. Crystallinity of the polymers obtained by polymerizations of DTCA with EDA and HDA was 25—49%


Objective To explore the effects of supracondylar osteotomy and crossed Kirschner wire tension band fixation on cubitus varus in children.Methods Twenty-six children with cubitus varus were treated with lateral closing wedge supracondylar osteotomy and crossed Kirschner wire tension band fixation.Changes in carrying angle,range of elbow movement,elbow joint function and compli-cations were observed before and after treatment.Results All the 26 children were followed up for 12-36 months.Bone union was achieved 8 weeks after operation.Elbow joint function recovered to normal or preoperative range 3 months after operation.No children had carrying angle loss,cubitus varus recurrence,infection,needle withdrawing,and radial and ulnar nerve injuries.Conclusion Cross Kirsc-hner wire tension band internal fixation in supracondylar osteotomy is effective for cubitus varus with the advantages of minimal invasion,simple manipulation,reliable fixation,few complications,and convenient removal of internal fixation devices.


The Journal of the Malta College of Family Doctors ABSTRACT Background Military training is notorious for being physically intensive interspersed by limited recovery periods, culminating in a high frequency of training-related injuries. Confusion may arise when military personnel are compared to athletes in other sporting disciplines in view of different training regimes employed by the military according to the set standard of the respective army. Hence, in line with other sporting disciplines having a designated medical team of sports and exercise professionals that is experienced in that particular field, this article discusses the importance of having such a team in the military.


The paper studies some aspects of gated neighborhoods in a traditional society such as Serbia, giving an overview of situation in the capital of Belgrade. Using the developed countries experiences as the comparison the paper underlines the differences in living conditions and standards, traditional form of society and family, mixed development, crime level and racial homogeneity. The conclusions provide some predictions of future need for development of gated neighborhoods. The aim is to recognize the critical moment when gated communities will become necessary and prepare for their appearance and impact upon the urban tissue.


The development of resist materials used for extreme ultraviolet (EUV) lithography has steadily progressed since 2005. Their resolution and sensitivity are now close to those required for the high-volume production of semiconductor devices. However, the line edge roughness (LER) must still be reduced to achieve the required value. For the reduction of LER, increasing the absorption coefficient is an important strategy. In this study, the relationship between the absorption coefficient and LER was investigated on the basis of the sensitization mechanisms of chemically amplified resists. The relationship was found to depend on the acid generator concentration, half-pitch, and sensitivity. Assuming a required sensitivity of 10 mJ cm -2 , absorption enhancement is effective for reducing LER, particularly at the 11 nm node.


Abstract: One of the distinctive teaching of science in schools is the transformation of the yellow book that discusses the science instrument. In the broader science of translation tools include traditional Arabic grammar, such as nahwu (sintakstis), sharf (inflection), balaghah (rhetoric), in addition there is also a mantiq science (logic) and tajwid (science to read the Koran well and right). However, over the age of the modern world today through a lot of big changes, especially information and communication technology developments. Seeing the rapid development of the world is for many people has led to mixed response. No exception for Muslims and no exception boarding school in it. Changes that continue to appear lately in it touches almost all aspects of human life, economic aspects to the aspect of moral values. Simply put, this global era can be illustrated by the fierce competition in the field of science and politics, the progress of science and technology, the rapid flow of information, and high social change. The research results can be 3 things that could strengthen the pesantren First, tamaddun of promoting boarding. Secondly, Tsaqafah, namely how to give enlightenment to the Muslims so that creative-productive in religious life, by not forgetting the originality of Islam. Third, hadara, namely establishing a culture. In this case, how our culture can be characterized by the spirit and traditions of Islam.


Environmental, Safety and Health (ES&H) issues became an important design consideration during the development of the W89 warhead for the SRAM 11 (Short-Range Attack Missile) missile. An action plan was developed to handle these issues at all the production agencies and at both the system and the component level. The main thrust was in the area of solvent substitution, in particular for solder flux removal. The cleaner d-limonene followed by an isopropyl alcohol rinse was selected for applications were the traditional cleaners were 1,1,1 trichloroethane or trichloroethylene. Compatibility testing rather than efficacy testing dominated the development effort. In addition to other solvent substitution applications, organic materials that were free of toluene diisocynate (TDI), and methylene dianiline (MDA) were explored for use in the W89.


Traffic congestion increases vehicle emissions and degrades ambient air quality, and recent studies have shown excess morbidity and mortality for drivers, commuters and individuals living near major roadways. Presently, our understanding of the air pollution impacts of congestion on the roads is very limited. This study demonstrates an approach to characterize the risks of traffic for on- and near-road populations. An incremental analysis, which expresses the change in health risks for small increases in traffic volume, showed non-linear effects. For a freeway, "U" shaped trends of incremental risks were predicted for on-road populations, and incremental risks are flat at low traffic volumes for near-road populations. For an arterial road, the incremental risks increased sharply for both onand near-road populations as traffic increased. These patterns result from changes in emission factors, the NO2–NOx relationship, the travel delay for the on-road population, and the extended duration of rush hour for the near-road population. This study suggests that the health risks from congestion are potentially significant, and that additional traffic can significantly increase risks, depending on the type of road and other factors. Further, evaluations of risk associated with congestion must consider travel time, the duration of rush-hour, congestion-specific emission estimates, and uncertainties.


Abstract In the present study, pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO (Zn0.97Fe0.03O) nanoparticles were synthesized by simple coprecipitation method with zinc acetate, ferric nitrate and sodium hydroxide precursors. Pure ZnO and Fe-doped ZnO were further calcined at 450 °C, 600 °C and 750 °C for 2 h. The structural, morphological and optical properties of the samples were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction studies revealed that the as-synthesized pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles have hexagonal wurtzite structure. The average crystallite size was calculated using Debye-Scherrer's formula. The particle size was found to be in nano range and increased with an increase in calcination temperature. SEM micrographs confirmed the formation of spherical nanoparticles. Elemental compositions of various elements in pure and doped ZnO nanoparticles were determined by EDX spectroscopy. UV-Vis absorption spectra showed red shift (decrease in band gap) with increasing calcination temperature. Effect of calcination on the magnetic properties of Fe-doped ZnO sample was also studied using vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). M-H curves at room temperature revealed that coercivity and remanent polarization increase with an increase in calcination temperature from 450 °C to 750 °C, whereas reverse effect was observed for magnetization saturation.


PURPOSE
Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain the fibrin-platelet thrombosis at the microcirculation level in the different clinical conditions of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). The relationships between platelet structure and function during the first 4 weeks of evolution of the disease were studied to understand the mechanism of platelet alteration.

PATIENTS AND METHODS
Coagulation parameters, platelet counts, and aggregation were studied in 49 children, and membrane glycoproteins (GPs) in 20 of the 49 children (mean age, 17 months) with HUS (Group 2) were studied during the first 4 weeks of evolution of the disease.

RESULTS
No disseminated intravascular coagulation was found in patients with recurrent or persistent thrombocytopenia. Platelet aggregation was sequentially performed during the first weeks of evolution. All patients had a functional decrease in the acute period of HUS. Platelet GPs GPIb, GPIIbIIIa, GPIIb, and GPIIIa were evaluated. GPIIbIIIa complex presented low level and never reached normal values during the first 4 weeks of disease.

CONCLUSIONS
Platelet alterations are probably caused by multiple mechanisms: "exhausted" platelets, structural membrane alterations caused by arginine-glycine-aspartic peptide blockade, or diminished or nonfunctional membrane GPIb and GPIIbIIIa complexes.


In this paper we propose an extended version of the learning algorithm for the hybrid five-layer neuro-fuzzy model. Backpropagation algorithm has been applied to the first layer membership functions centers tuning. The experimental results have shown that introduced enhancement significantly improves accuracy in time-series prediction benchmark tests without significant performance cost.


PURPOSE: To surely and rapidly converge the values of time codes even though they are continuous by sequentially comparing time codes and setting moving regions of a pickup based on the moving direction determined by the size of the comparison and the position information. CONSTITUTION: The difference between a target time code and the time code being reproduced is computed by a time code difference detection device 23 and the target frame address to be retrieved is updated and set. Moreover, a moving distance discrimination device 19 computes the moving distance and direction from the present reproduced position to the target frame address recording position and executes a motion control of a pickup 1. When the pickup 1 moves toward the outer peripheral, the present frame address is stored and when the moving distance becomes within a prescribed value, a reproducing is performed from the stored frame address. Moreover, when the time code difference becomes within the prescribed value, the present frame continuous reproducing is performed and the time code is retrieved. COPYRIGHT: (C)1993,JPO&Japio


Investigates the levels of the 2p53p configuration of neon by studying the polarization of the light emitted by a dc neon discharge. The pressure broadening of the Hanle signals was studied and cross sections were obtained for the destruction of alignment for collisions with both helium and neon ground state atoms. The measurements have been made at 315 K and 85 K. The cross sections for the 2p2 and 2p6 levels (Paschen notation) change considerably with temperature, while the cross sections for other levels are almost independent of temperature.


I am submitting herewith a dissertation written by Jon Alan Frederick entitled "EEG Coherence and Amplitude Effects of Rhythmic Auditory and Visual Stimulation with an Emphasis in Computational Methods." I have examined the final copy of this dissertation for form and content and recommend that it be accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, with a major in Psychology.


In the paper one presents a general theoretical treatment of the problem of analysis of masonry vaults. The shell representing the mid-surface of the vault is referred to in order to impose equilibrium conditions in case of a shell element of general form; due to the behaviour of vaults, membrane admissible stress fields are considered for inferring equilibrium and subsequent geometrical simplifications are introduced when referring to the case of indefinite barrel vaults loaded by forces acting in the plane of their cross-sections, which are demonstrated (and confirmed) to behave according to the model of a series of independent arches. where . tan , tan y z x z ∂ ∂ = θ ∂ ∂ = φ Figure 1 : A shell of general shape z = f(x, y) and its projection on the xy plane. The sides of BC and AD the element are given by intersection with the plane xz, whilst the sides AB and CD result from intersection with the plane yz. For the equilibrium of the element in the x and y directions, therefore one has 0 dy dx p dx dy y N N dx N dy dx x N N dy N G G x H H xy xy M M y x L L x x E E x = θ φ + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ φ φ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + φ φ − + + ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ θ φ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + θ φ − cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos (3) 0 dy dx p dx dy y N N dx N dy dx x N N dy N G G y H H y y M M y L L y x xy E E y x = θ φ + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ φ θ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + φ θ − + + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ θ θ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + θ θ − cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos cos (4) where (⋅)E, (⋅)H, (⋅)L, (⋅)G and (⋅)M denote quantities evaluated at the points E,H,L,M,G, respectively, of the element ABCD. Additionally, for equilibrium along the z-direction one has 1280 Structural Analysis of Historical Constructions A.Baratta and O.Corbi 0 dy dx p dx dy y N N dx N dy dx x N N dy N dx dy y N N dx N dy dx x N N dy N G G z H H y y M M y L L xy xy E E y x H H xy xy M M y x L L x x E E x = θ φ + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ φ θ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ φ θ − + + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ θ θ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ θ θ − + + ⎥ ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ φ φ ⎟⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ φ φ − + + ⎥ ⎦ ⎤ ⎢ ⎣ ⎡ θ φ ⎟ ⎠ ⎞ ⎜ ⎝ ⎛ ∂ ∂ + + θ φ − cos cos cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin cos sin


The MIT micro-gas turbine engine requires an integrated fuel-metering device in order to implement on-board engine control. Graded fuel control can be achieved with an array of on/off valves. Each valve in the array must withstand an annealing temperature of 1100/spl deg/C during fabrication and open against 1 MPa of supply pressure at 400/spl deg/C operating temperature. This paper presents the design, fabrication and testing of an electrostatic, on/off silicon prototype valve. Tested with nitrogen at room temperature, the valve opened against a differential pressure of 0.9 MPa with 136 V and delivered a mass flow rate of 45 sccm (3.38 g/h). At 0.1y MPa upstream pressure, the helium leak-rate was measured to be 6/spl times/10/sup -3/ sccm. The valve showed no sign of failure after being continuously actuated for more than 10/sup 5/ cycles. The prototype valve will serve as the base-line design for the engine fuel valve array.


Purpose To develop an All-Island Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) Network to provide high quality and timely access to specialist cardiac services for all children on the island of Ireland. The core objectives of the All-Island CHD Network are: Appropriate CHD treatment for all children and young people on the island as close to home as appropriate. Timely access to quality treatment through the creation of a single waitlist Provision of a safe and sustainable model of care Development of a research and innovation hub that delivers best practice solutions Methods In 2014, an International Working Group Report recommended the cessation of surgery in Northern Ireland (NI) for Paediatric CHD, leading to children from NI travelling to Great Britain (GB) to receive emergency, urgent and elective surgical intervention, including cardiac catherization, a significant risk to the child and at great cost to the health service and families. There was Ministerial acceptance of the recommendations, which led to the creation of an All-Island CHD Network to enable CHD services in NI and Republic of Ireland (ROI) collaborate and work as a single Network to achieve essential national and international standards for CHD service provision on the Island. The basic concepts of such a network are of partnership, service integration and formal arrangements. Results To date, all NI Cardiac Catheterisations are carried out in ROI. In addition, all NI emergency and urgent surgical cases have been transferred to ROI, thereby eliminating the need for children and families to travel to GB. During 2018, the Network commenced the transfer of elective surgical patients to ROI. The Network model of care includes the development of services in regional centres, the introduction of 5 Paediatrician with Expertise in Cardiology (PEC) posts across the island, implementation of an all – island CHD research strategy and the development of a joint training and education programme for health care professionals. This is the first cross-jurisdictional Clinical Network internationally and the initiatives above, complicated & often complex in a single jurisdiction, are even more so when operating cross-jurisdictionally, particularly in the midst of Brexit uncertainty. Conclusions The all-island CHD Network is a linked groups of health professionals and organisations, working in a co-ordinated manner, to ensure equitable provision of high quality, clinically effective services to this complex cohort of patients. There have been many learnings, many of which are transferable to other multi-agency Networks and Systems.


: Hollow fiber membrane (HFM) technology is one of the common key technologies for solving major problems including water and energy crises and environment pollution. It is also crucial for achieving high-quality development characterized by energy conservation, clean production, and improvement in system efficiency and product quality. In this article, the strategic demand, development status, and development trend of the HFM technology and industry are analyzed; the major challenges and innovation focus in its subfields in China are discussed; and the development goals by 2025 and 2030 are clarified. Moreover, four key tasks were proposed in terms of hollow fiber ultrafiltration/microfiltration membrane, high-quality hydrophobic membrane, new membrane technologies, and waste membrane recycling. Furthermore, measures and suggestions were proposed in terms of talent management, innovation investment, industry standards, and international cooperation, to provide a reference for the high-quality development of HFM technology and industry in China.


Pyrolysis is widely used as a biomass conversion technology to obtain bio-fuel. It is also an interesting technology at an industrial scale, which is a motivation to seek an increase in process efficiency. The pyrolysis of large biomass particles differs from the pyrolysis of fine particles because it cannot be considered to heat up and decompose homogeneously. In this work, experimental data for the pyrolysis of a wheat straw pellet and a single particle model are presented. Furthermore, the key parameters controlling the internal temperature distribution are discussed.


BACKGROUND Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) is increasingly used to assess left ventricular (LV) mechanics but the quantitative effect of image quality on measurements is not known. OBJECTIVES To assess the impact of image quality on 3D-STE derived LV indices. METHODS Echocardiography was performed in two groups of 18 healthy participants. In the first study, optimal and intentionally poor-quality images were acquired. In the second study, a sheet of ultrasound-attenuating material (neoprene rubber) of three different thicknesses (2, 3 and 4 mm) was used to mimic mildly, moderately and severely impaired image quality respectively. RESULTS In both studies sub-optimal image quality resulted in a systematic underestimation bias in all LV deformation and rotational indices. LV ejection fraction and volumes were also consistently underestimated. The extent of the bias was proportional to the impairment in image quality (i.e. the poorer the image quality the larger the bias). Reproducibility was also less good for sub-optimal images, although LV volumes and ejection fraction showed excellent reproducibility irrespective of image quality. CONCLUSIONS Sub-optimal image quality introduces a substantial systematic bias and impairs the reproducibility of 3D-STE. Bias related to image quality might have important clinical implications since its magnitude is similar to that reported in association with disease and may confound associations between disease and LV mechanics. CONDENSED ABSTRACT Three-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography (3D-STE) is increasingly used in clinical practice. We assessed the impact of sub-optimal image quality on left ventricular (LV) deformation indices either by poor echocardiographic technique or by impairing ultrasound propagation using a neoprene sheet. Sub-optimal image quality introduces a substantial systematic bias that increases with poorer image quality. Bias due to image quality might have important clinical implications since its magnitude is similar to that reported in association with disease.


Corporate Social Responsibility can be summarized as follows: economic responsibility theory, charity responsibility theory, moral responsibility theory, legal responsibility theory, comprehensive responsibility theory, related interest theory. Although the theories all illustrate the features of corporate social responsibility to some extent, they can't reveal the connotation comprehensively and accurately. It refers to the enterprise's obligation to improve social interests except for legal liabilities to the stakeholders.


The new advances in plant nitrogen nutrient genotype variation are reviewed through morphology,physiology,biochemistry,genetics and molecular biology.And it is practical to improve plant nitrogen utilization efficiency through the breeding program.


COVID-19 has necessitated significant modifications to usual cancer care delivery. A major consideration from the outset has been maintaining effective communication with cancer patients to keep them informed and engaged, as well as safe. One of positive developments of the pandemic has been the rapid introduction of enhanced technology into the NHS, particularly online platforms and video conferencing. The use of telehealth technology within complex cancer care has positively transformed communication with outpatients and between clinical teams. This article discusses the rationale, perceived benefits and factors to consider when making these changes.


Most readers of Board Leadership are engaged with governance in the nonprofit and public sectors. In this article, Caroline Oliver takes a look at a recent report from Hong Kong that gives an overview of what is happening in the corporate sector there and asks what lessens, if any, can be learned for governance generally.


Russian wheat aphids were collected near Cheyenne, Wyo., and maintained on wheat plants in the laboratory at the University of Wyoming in Laramie. Technical grade insecticide was dissolved in 10 ml of reagent grade acetone with a small amount of Triton X-100 emulsifier. The acetone-insecticide solution was added to deionized water to make a stock solution (wt/vol basis). The commercially formulated insecticides were mixed directly with deionized water. Appropriate serial dilutions of insecticides were prepared.


Polydiorganosiloxane polyurea copolymer, diluent, and a pressure sensitive adhesive composition comprising an unreactive mixture of silicate tackifying resin. The compositions are useful in articles such as medical devices.


Robusta coffee contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, caffeine and phenols. Phenol compounds in coffee have activity as an antioxidant. Robusta coffee beans grown in the area of Bandung, Bogor and Garut, West Java is known to have a unique characteristics and distinctive flavors. The difference in chemical characteristics of plant compounds  is caused by the agroecological differences (climate and altitude). Pangalengan area (Bandung) has a height of 817 AMSL, Cariu (Bogor) has a height of 680 AMSL mdpl and Cikeris (Garut) has a height of 900 AMSL mdpl. The purpose of this study was to determine the phytochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity of robusta roasting coffee beans grown in these three areas. Phytochemical characteristics were performed qualitatively and antioxidant activity was performed by DPPH method (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl). The results of phytochemical characteristics test showed that the extract of robusta coffee bean from Bandung, Bogor and Garut contain alkaloid, flavanoid, saponin and tannin. The extract of robusta coffee from Bandung, Bogor and Garut showed significantly different antioxidant activity based on results of variance analysis statistical test with IC50 value of each achieved at concentrations of 55.13 ppm, 56.48 ppm, and 54.14 ppm. It can be concluded that robusta coffee extract from Garut has the highest antioxidant level compared with antioxidant activity of robusta coffee from Bandung and Bogor.


From the * Howard Hughes Medical Institute and the Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305; the ‡ Australian Cancer Research Foundation Genetics Laboratory and Medical Genome Centre, John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia; and the § Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology and the Cancer Research Laboratory, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720


The German design industry is poised to take the next step in its development when it introduced building information modeling (BIM). The German Bundestag is requiring that public construction projects be completed with BIM. Over forty training providers offer a variety of BIM training courses, yet implementation is slowing. Small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are facing the challenge of implementing BIM. This study explores how SMBs' digital skills can be improved to implement BIM effectively. To this end, interviews with experts from nine companies were conducted and evaluated using the grounded theory. The interviewees express the view that investments in employee training can help build skills. All the same, SMBs only commit to BIM and training in response to growing demand. The interviews reveal that SMBs' low level of knowledge is attributable to their lack of practical experience with BIM. SMBs without any prospect of a pilot BIM project do not invest in training. A major finding is that SMBs do not consider BIM training expedient – even when it is free - because they do not anticipate any demand for BIM services in the short or medium term. Public clients must consequently develop BIM expertise. The study shows how knowledge and change management research can be drawn on to establish widespread acceptance of BIM.


Self-dual gravity is a diffeomorphism invariant theory in four dimensions that describes two propagating polarisations of the graviton and has a negative mass dimension coupling constant. Nevertheless, this theory is not only renormalisable but quantum finite, as we explain. We also collect various facts about self-dual gravity that are scattered across the literature.


Grid systems have emerged as a means of sharing computational resources and information. Providing services for accessing, sharing and modifying large databases is a crucial task for grid management systems. This paper proposes an artificial neural network (ANN) prediction mechanism that provides an enhancement to data replication solutions within grid systems. Current replication services often exhibit an increase in response time, reflecting the problems associated with the ever increasing size of databases. The proposed replica selection prediction model will locate files for incoming jobs using users' historical executions. Experimental results demonstrate the significant gains achieved by the proposed solution in terms of high accuracy and low overheads.


The piezoresistive devices with the structure of ITO/poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT; spin coating 90 nm film)/Al (75 nm) have been fabricated and measured. We measured the I-V characteristics of the devices under different stresses. The stress ranges from 0 to 510 kPa and the voltage ranges from 0 to 5 V. The resistance of the devices is very sensitive to the applied stress. The piezoresistive coefficient is far larger than 10−4/Pa when the working voltage ranges from 0.2 to 0.5 V and the stress ranges from 160 to 510 kPa, whereas the current seems to change linearly with pressure and with a considerable fluctuation. This uncertainty in piezoresistance measurement may have originated from the viscoelasticity of P3HT, including a significant creep and a slow restoration after a deep compression, which has been confirmed by the results of the nanoindentation test. In general, P3HT could be used in tactile sensors, which need more sensitivity rather than accuracy.


This paper is aimed to introduce our study on the effects of temperature and nitrogen concentrations on the growth and microcystins production of Microcystis aeruginosa and microcystis flos-aquae under phosphrus limitation in semi-sustaining cultures.It is known that Microcystis aeruginosa and Microcystis flos-aquae are the two dominant strains in Taihu Lake in case when cyanbacteria bloom occurs. In our experiment,we have investigated and measured a nitrogen concentration gradient from 1 mg/L to 11.67 mg/L in combination with a temperature between 15℃,20℃,and 25℃.At the same time,we have set the phosphorus concentration to be used in our experiments as 0.01 mg/L for all the cultures.In the process of cultivation,the specific growth rale and the cell numbers were observed and detected with the cell numbers calculated.Intracellular chlorophyll a and microcystins concentrations as well as the intracellular microcystins content were detected when the cultures reached a steady state.The results show that the enhancements of temperature and nitrogen concentrations contribute to the growth of Microcystis strains.The effects of nitrogen concentrations to the specific growth rate were found different under different temperatures,that is to say, under 15℃ and 20℃,the specific growth rate was found growing faster as compared with the condition under the temperature of 25℃ whereas negative effects of low temperature to Microcystis flos-aquae proves weaker than Microcystis aeruginosa.In addition,we also observed positive impact of temperature and nitrogen concentrations on the intracellular chlorophyll a of both strains,though the interactive impacts were not as significant as the main effects.Besides,while temperature proves to be a major negative influential factor on the cellular microeystin concentrations of the two strains,nitrogen concentration proves to have just a mild positive effect.Therefore,the total microcystins concentrations of the cultures should be higher in case it is necessary to enhance the temperature and nitrogen concentration. Thus,it is obvious to see the effects of the two factors on the two strains,and the nitrogen concentration helps to restrain the growth and formation of chlorophyll a and decrease the total microcystins concentrations of Microcystis.


Distributed Shared Memory (DSM) is an interesting alternative to build distributed object system. Explicit message passing and remote invocation is replaced by the simple and unified DSM abstraction. The recurrent performance drawbacks of DSM Systems are often caused by expensive distributed locking mechanisms. In response to this our multipurpose Plurix Operating System (OS) implements a Transaction based DSM. Memory consistency is maintained by atomic transactions and optimistic synchronization mechanisms which have been used in database technology in the past. Such a transaction based DSM with optimistic synchronization guarantee a sequential consistent view on the shared data to every mode in the cluster.


This volume is an important contribution to the empirical research on what globalization means in different world regions. "Resistance" here has a double meaning: - Active, intentional resistance to tendencies which are rejected on political or moral grounds by presenting alternative discourses and concepts founded in specific cultural and national traditions. - Resilience with regard to globalization pressures in the sense that traditional patterns of development and politics are resistant to change and transform the impulses originating from globalization processes in a way that their results are very different when compared across regions and are not conducive to globalization. The book points out the possibility that the local, sub-national, national, and regional patterns of politics and development will coexist with globalized structures for quite a while without yielding very much ground and in ways which may turn out to be a serious barrier to further globalization. Case studies presented focus on Venezuela (A. Boeckh), Brazil (J. Faust), the Middle East (M. Beck, S. Hegasy), Iran (H. Furtig), and Russia (A. S. Makarychev, A. Shastitko, N. Zubarevich).


Biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa is hypothesized to follow a developmental pattern initiated by attachment to a surface followed by microcolony formation and mature biofilm development. Swimming and twitching motility are important for attachment and biofilm development in P. aeruginosa. However, it is clear that many P. aeruginosa strains lacking swimming motility exist as biofilms in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients. Consequently, we have developed a dynamic attachment assay to identify motility‐independent attachment‐defective mutants. Using transposon mutagenesis, we identified 14 novel dynamic attachment‐deficient (dad) mutants including four mutants specific to dynamic assay conditions (dad specific). Two of the dad‐specific mutants contain insertions in genes involved in sensing and responding to external stimuli, implying a significant impact of external factors on the biofilm developmental pathway. Observations of initial attachment and long‐term biofilm formation characterized our dad mutants into two distinct classes: biofilm delayed and biofilm impaired. Biofilm‐delayed mutants form wild‐type biofilms but are delayed at least 24 h compared with the wild type, whereas biofilm‐impaired mutants never form wild‐type biofilms in our assays. We propose a dynamic model for attachment and biofilm formation in P. aeruginosa including these two classes.


The present study shows how multivariate analysis and variable selection techniques can be used in archaeological provenances studies to improve classification performances. Neutron activation analysis (NAA), in combination with stepwise linear discrimination analysis (SLDA) (capable of simultaneously performing variable selection and classification), was applied to differentiate among limestone samples from different quarries across the north of France based on their compositional fingerprint. A hierarchical classification approach was followed, aimed at progressively assigning limestone samples to more specific sources of origin, from the broadest classification units (French regions) to the narrowest ones (individual quarries). The application of the stepwise variable selection procedure to extract the most discriminating compositional variables prior to each classification development allowed us to obtain a perfect separation between the limestone categories considered at every classification stage (all samples were correctly classified and predicted in all cases). The high-quality results obtained were even more remarkable considering the relatively small number of significant variables selected in each case using the SLDA method. An illustrative example was provided in order to demonstrate that the classification strategy proposed can actually allocate an unknown sculpture to a particular quarry of origin.


Sandal has entered Hyderabad State from its southern zone-Dharwar district of Bombay State. It is confined to the north-western parts of the Marhatwada tracts of the State. Observations made so far indicate that Sandal of the State is free from Spike disease. Sandal occurring in areas which are several hundred miles away from the Spike zones are generally free from this disease. This fact should be taken advantage of in artificial propagation of Sandal in states which have optimum habitat conditions for it. This will compensate the loss in its natural habitat. Till definite causes of the disease and its radical curative measures are investigated, artificial propagation of this species from healthy seed origin in areas away from the centre of infection can alone save this species from complete eradication from its natural habitat.


The characteristics of scavenging opportunities in the Serengeti National Park and Ngorongoro Crater are here documented and applied to the Plio/Pleistocene East Turkana and Olduvai lake basins. The earliest stone-tool-using, meat-eating hominids are argued to have most regularly encountered abandoned felid kills of medium-sized adult herbivores in riparian woodlands during the dry season, kills from which little flesh but all marrow and head contents could have been obtained. Additionally, it is suggested that they may have encountered large quantities of scavengeable flesh if sabertooth predation was concentrated on large herbivores. Such reconstruction of a possible hominid scavenging niche is considered a prerequisite to the development of criteria for the archaeological recognition of scavenging.


The use of GPS applications where a failure can have serious consequences imposes the need to increase the system's ability to resist possible failures. Some of these failures may be due to atmospheric disturbances or physical obstructions such as tall buildings or trees. There is also another type of disturbance, such as intentional disturbances (jamming) due to electronic devices designed for this purpose


This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of two different methods for water content estimation in power transformers. The first method under study is the Karl-Fisher coulometric method that measures the water content in oil and correlates it to the water content in paper. Use of four well known correlation curves is compared and discussed in the paper.


The paper is focused on some benefits gained by the integration of CFD results into the simulation process over time, in order to develop a whole numerical model representing the dynamics of a large merchant ship during towing/escorting operations in severe weather conditions. In particular, the shown application is referred to the simulation of a container ship, towed by two tugboats in a typical Mediterranean harbor. The developed simulator consists of a set of ordinary differential equations, mathematical relationships and numerical tables which represent the ship and the propulsion system dynamics, while CFD method is used in order to model the wind forces, eventually  influenced  by the presence of some harbor breakwaters, acting on the considered ship. The proposed simulator can be used as a powerful tool to plan safer towing arrangements and procedures, or to analyze in post-processing possible human errors in the case of unfortunate marine accidents.


Summary form only given. The Von Neumann bottleneck originates from the low bandwidth between processing and memory. One paradigm that could ease the bottleneck is Computing-in-Memory (CiM), where the same elements store logic values and perform logical operations on them in the same physical location. Here, presented are implementations of the K-means clustering algorithm on a Memristive Logic Array-based CiM implementation and a Machine Learning specific Transport-Triggered Architecture (TTA) processor implemented on 28nm FDSOI technology and operating at 0.35V. While running K-means, the Memristive CiM is 5,7 times faster and uses 2,3 times less energy than the TTA processor. However, the average power consumption of the MLA is 2,5 times the power of the TTA.


This paper presents the description and some examples of application of the CLEAN technique to passive SAR based on GNSS emissions, in order to extract the scattering centers in the achieved images and to increase the understanding of the imaged scene. Two different operative scenarios are considered: the bistatic case, involving a single GNSS transmitter and a ground-based receiver, and the multistatic case, achieved by considering the non-coherent combination of the BSAR images obtained by multiple, spatially separated satellites. The effectiveness of the technique in extracting the point scatterers' returns in the bi/multi-static images is proved against simulated and real datasets. Moreover, the inherent capability of rejection of the ghost scatterers arising in the multistatic images from close scattering centers is shown. The application of the proposed technique allows the proper extraction of the amount of information of the observed area.


Man's painful acquaintance with beriberi now covers more than 300 years. Remedies of increasing efficacy have been available for 50 years but large population segments still suffer from this deficiency state. This partly autobiographical volume details the contributions of Dr. Robert R. Williams to the isolation, identification, and synthesis of thiamine. Parts of the book are briskly written, and in one of these chapters the reader can scarcely leave. The pace, however, is not sustained and in the latter third of the book interest often wanes in a mass of detail. Full credit is given Colonel Vedder, whose name is synonymous with the American literature on beriberi. The admiration and affection of the author for him recur often until he puts it finally, "His approach to medical problems was always scientific and critical and in experiments he was direct and bold. I owe him much." Williams' own approach might be


Experiments on the durability for the rear driving axle were conducted in bench tests. By using time domain and frequency domain methods, the vibration and noise signals at bearings of driving axle were sampled and then analyzed. On the one hand, we find that the vibration level and noise level change with the wear of gears and bearings. On the other hand, with the development of the wear of gear and bearings, the frequency components of vibration and noise change with time. These experimental results will give help to further study of the durability and NVH characteristic of the rear driving axle.


We consider a discrete-time two-dimensional process $\{(X_{1,n},X_{2,n})\}$ on $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with a background process $\{J_n\}$ on a finite set $S_0$, where individual processes $\{X_{1,n}\}$ and $\{X_{2,n}\}$ are both skip free. We assume that the joint process $\{\boldsymbol{Y}_n\}=\{(X_{1,n},X_{2,n},J_n)\}$ is Markovian and that the transition probabilities of the two-dimensional process $\{(X_{1,n},X_{2,n})\}$ vary according to the state of the background process $\{J_n\}$. This modulation is assumed to be space homogeneous. We refer to this process as a two-dimensional skip-free Markov modulate random walk (2d-MMRW for short). For $\boldsymbol{y}, \boldsymbol{y}'\in \mathbb{Z}_+^2\times S_0$, consider the process $\{\boldsymbol{Y}_n\}_{n\ge 0}$ starting from the state $\boldsymbol{y}$ and let $\tilde{q}_{\boldsymbol{y},\boldsymbol{y}'}$ be the expected number of visits to the state $\boldsymbol{y}'$ before the process leaves the nonnegative area $\mathbb{Z}_+^2\times S_0$ for the first time. For $\boldsymbol{y}\in \mathbb{Z}_+^2\times S_0$, the measure $(\tilde{q}_{\boldsymbol{y},\boldsymbol{y}'}; \boldsymbol{y}'\in \mathbb{Z}_+^2\times S_0)$ is called an occupation measure. In this paper, we obtain the convergence domain of the matrix moment generating function of the occupancy measure.


Digital Elevation Model (DEM) is a digital representation of ground surface topography or terrain. There are many freely available DEM data with a spatial resolution of 30 m to 90 m. Nevertheless, their vertical accuracy may vary, depending on the vegetation cover and terrain characteristics. This study examined the vertical accuracy of open-access global DEMs (ALOS PALSAR, ASTER GDEM3, SRTM, TanDEM-X) and fused DEM (EarthEnv-DEM90, MERIT DEM). Their performances were assessed using a Digital Terrain Model (DTM) generated using airborne LiDAR data that had an outstanding absolute vertical accuracy (mean error (ME) = 0.24 m; root mean square error (RMSEz) = 1.20 m). Height differences between the global DEMs and the LiDAR DTM were calculated and examined their performances by forested vs. non-forested, slope, and elevation classes. The results showed the MERIT DEM was superior to other DEMs in most of the testing methods. It outperformed other DEMs with an RMSEz value of 3.02 m in the forested areas, followed by ALOS PALSAR (9.29 m), EarthEnv-DEM90 (9.40 m), SRTM (9.80 m), TanDEM-X (10.41 m), and ASTER GDEM3 (12.57 m). The MERIT DEM also had the best accuracy in the higher elevation areas. Overall, the ASTER GDEM3 had the worst accuracies, with relatively large over-estimations compared to other DEMs. Despite its low spatial resolution, the MERIT DEM was the best for representing terrain elevation for applications over a large area.


A wide range of physiological changes occur during perinatal period, these changes can significantly affect pharmacokinetics of drugs. The development and function of the tissue and organ in fetus can be infl uenced after use of medicines in perinatal period patients because of placental transport and milk transport. Neonates are particularly sensitive to the toxic and side effect of most kinds of medicines. So the clinical use of drugs should be paid more attention to during perinatal period. In this article, the cases of pharmaceutical care by clinical pharmacists were discussed, such as assisting doctors to optimize the drug therapy regime for pregnant and lactational women, offering pharmaceutical care for patient with intravenous use of magnesium sulfate injection, providing medication education for patients, collecting the adverse drug reactions and so on. These measures ensure the safety of drug utilization in patients and promote the rational drug use in clinic.


Fibrinosen is a cofactor for the aggregation of human platelets by ADP but its precise role is not known. In order to clarify the function of fibrinogen in platelet aggregation, we measured the binding of 125I-labeled human fibrinogen to gel-filtered human platelets before and after platelet emulation by ADP. Incubations were performed without stirring to prevent platelet aggregation and secretion. Platelet-bound and free 125I-fibrinogen were separated by centrifugaron of the platelets through silicone oil. Specific fibrinogen binding was that ibrinogen which could be displaced from the platelets by a 10-fold excess unlabeled fibrinogen. Specific fibrinogen binding required platelet stimulation by ADP and either Ca+2 or Mg+2. Specific ending reached equilibrium within 60 sec. Demonstrated saturation kinetics, and did not occur with thrombasthenic platelets. Scatchard analysis demonstrated a single class of ending sites with a Kd of 25 ± 3.9 ug/ml and 39,000 ± 5,000 binding sites per platlet the extent of ADP-induced fibrinogen binding to unstirred platelets was compared to the extent of aggregation of stirred platelets induced by the same concentrations of ADP, correlation 0.96 was seen. This study demonstrates. that a uniform population of fibrinogen receptors is exposed on the platelet surface by ADP. Furthermore, we suggest that the fibrinogen molecules bound to the platelet as a result of ADP stimulation are directly involved in the platelet aggregation response.


Comment: "alinea results: move first sentence to background or delete" We deleted: "The H1N1 influenza virus epidemic was regarded as a moderate health problem with a mean score of perceived severity and vulnerability of 6 and 5 respectively (on a scale of 0 to 10)." Question: "alinea conclusion: what are recommendation for future outbreaks?". We Added : "Further qualitative researches must be implemented to adapt messages to social and cultural realities of the Reunion island populations and to prevent misconceptions."


This article examines the relationship between the intranational travel behavior of traveling professional workers (TPWs) and their familiarization with the host country, Vietnam, as their new home. A total of 34 interviews were conducted with TPWs in the hospitality and tourism industries in Da Nang and Hoi An. The research found that the intranational travel behavior of TPWs is related to their familiarization with the host country as their new home. In particular, the intranational travel motivations of TPWs reveal their desire to become familiar with a new home. Intranational travel patterns such as choice of destination, activities undertaken, and volume of travel have an impact on a TPW's familiarization with a new home as do intranational travel experiences. The results of this study suggest that TPWs represent a residential international travel market and use intranational travel for a specific purpose: adapting to a new (temporary or permanent) home. Recommendations are made for TPWs, local marketers, and future research.


A theoretical comparison of the operating characteristics of p‐i‐n GaAs/AlGaAs photodetectors incorporating either bulk or quantum wire absorbing regions is presented in an effort to realistically compare both the bandwidth and the quantum efficiency of these devices. Devices utilizing quantum wire absorbing regions may have enhanced operating characteristics assuming increased absorption and saturated carrier drift velocities can be realized in these quantized structures.


This paper presents continuous and discontinuous space vector pulsewidth modulation generator using a low cost TMS320C2000 Board. Three types of modulation methods are implemented namely carrier based space vector PWM, time based space vector PWM and discontinuous time based space vector PWM. The duty cycle, PWM waveforms and Spectral magnitude in decibel will be discussed. The control are implemented on Matlab-Simulink with DMC library via F28335 delfino. The experimental results of such methods are compared.


California Northern Paiute (CNP) is spoken in the communities on the eastern slopes of the Sierra Nevada Mountains in northern California. CNP is the southernmost dialect of Northern Paiute, a language belonging to the Western Numic branch of Uto‐Aztecan. CNP is a severely endangered language spoken by fewer than ten fluent speakers. CNP has a phonemic contrast that is distinct from that of any other Numic language. CNP has three series of stops: lenis, fortis, and voiced fortis. Previous descriptions of CNP have used only impressionistic judgments to categorize the phoneme series. This paper presents the first acoustic evidence for the lenis/fortis contrast in CNP. Field recordings from five native speakers of CNP were analyzed in this investigation. The lenis/fortis contrast was examined by measuring the closure duration using cues from the waveform and spectrogram in a digital signal processing program. Results of duration measurements support the impressionistic evidence and suggest a voiced and voice...


It is an effective technique that can be applied to visual diversity such as editing, visual criticism and the so-called fragmentation of painting images. Creativity, image-based optimization and high-resolution frame work were showcased based on the record-breaking success of a minority representation process. The proposed structure for reconstructing the image is learned from a complete dictionary and much of the image input used for two important problems. It was first used by creating a Gaussian noise figure and then blaming the rain. Special structures using conventional methods suggest that the production environment is grappling with artistic solutions and problems. The proposed method was implemented in rich color using ultra-resolution and demo techniques with removing sound and craftsmanship.


This work deals with designing, structure, electronic and vibrational properties of various molecular (N-dimethyl benzene (C8H11N), Cyanobenzene-N (C7H5N), and C8H11N-C7H5N as a donor, acceptor, and donor- acceptor molecular system, respectively. Density Functional Theory (DFT) with B3LYP level was employed with various basis sets to investigate the electronic and vibrational properties of these molecular systems. The quantum calculations include the total energy, symmetry, dipole moment, average polarizability, electronic states (HOMO and LUMO), energy gap, ionization potential, electron affinity, electronegativity, electrophilicity index, charge transfer, and IR spectrum. The results show that the energy gap of the donor-acceptor system less than the donor and acceptor. We found out that the 6-311G basis set of theory gave a good agreement with experimental data. Also, we found out a very interesting results, which is a new donor-acceptor molecular system has more reactive in charge transfer process and has good semiconductor properties to using as molecular electronics and organic solar cell.


Abstract The results of a vegetation survey of the Kaitake Range, part of Egmont National Park, are presented. More than ninety-five percent of the vegetation is native forest, the main types represented being dominated by kohekohe (Dysoxylum spectabile), tawa (Beilschmiedia tawa), and kamahi (Weinmannia racemosa) respectively. Forest composition changes mainly with increasing altitude but also differs on the landward and coastal slopes of the range. Likely contributing environmental factors are described. An annotated list of the 270 native vascular taxa noted during the survey is included. The flora and vegetation are compared with those of the remainder of Egmont National Park and the Egmont ring plain. The Kaitake Range is found to support the largest remnants oflowland and semicoastal forest types which covered the Egmont ring plalO before farmland development.


The study adopts quality management tools to analyse data obtained from the operations of a motor carrier on delivery exceptions. Delivery exceptions are defined as damages, shortages, and overages that results due to a delivery attempt. An exception occurs when a package or shipment encounters an unforeseen event, which could result in a negative effect on the delivery performance. Examples of exception include address unknown, damage to shipment, or signature not received. The ability of a motor carrier to deliver products to the customer with little or no exceptions can be a key selection criterion for shippers in choosing motor carriers. Using an actual case study scenario, we identify root causes of delivery exceptions using quality management tools and classify the exceptions in one of six categories. Major causes of the exceptions are identified and categorised and recommendations on how to mitigate these exceptions are proposed.


Abstract A percentage pod damage of 6.8% in Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. by the bruchid, Caryedon serratus (Olivier) in the field was recorded by examining exit holes on the pods. The mean number of females and males that emerged from 50 pods kept in laboratory were 1.3 and 1.2 respectively. The pods of A. nilotica gathered from the field for seed purposes were found to be infested in small numbers but the bruchid population increased during storage. The infestation of seeds and carry over to stores is not only a danger to uninfested seeds of A. nilotica and other plants, important in social forestry, but the tree also acts as secondary host for the population build‐up of C. serratus which spreads to its primary host, the groundnut, Arachis hypogea (L).


In this study, we obtained water extract from Large Yellow Tea, then using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) to test the catechins content in water extract (WE), crude tea polyphenol (RTPP) and crude tea polysaccharides (RTPS), and in vitro free radical scavenging activity and in vivo liver and gut redox status of high fat diet (HFD) induced obese mice were further examined. The results showed that the catechins contents in WE and RTPP were higher than TRPS. In vitro free radical scavenging of WE, RTPP and RTPS showed that RTPP had the highest DPPH scavenging, hydroxyl free radical and superoxide anion free radical activity, while RTPS had the lowest free radical scavenging activity. Animal study showed that WE, RTPP and RTPS significantly (P<0.05) improved T-AOC capacity of ileum; WE and RTPP significantly (P<0.05) decreased the ileum MDA level; RTPP significantly (P<0.05) decreased liver MDA level. The GSH-Px activity was improved in ileum and liver by WE, RTPP and RTPS, but not significant. In conclusion, WE, RTPP and RTPS have antioxidant activity in vitro and in vivo.


Measurement of unsteady pressure is a requirement in many proposed aero-engine active control systems. In the high temperature environment associated with the engine, thermally unprotected transducers may not measure accurately or even survive. This paper reports an examination of two water cooled, commercially available unsteady pressure transducers, which assesses the ability of the transducer to accurately measure unsteady pressure when mounted in a water cooling adapter and the effectiveness of the thermal protection at high temperatures.Mounting the transducer in a cooling adapter was shown to have no adverse effect upon its ability to measure dynamic pressure. Deliberately recessing the adapter back from the flow provided the most stable and predictable output at all flow conditions tested. Thermal protection allowed the transducer to survive at flow temperatures of up to 500°C with a potential to survive at higher temperatures. No reduction in performance is shown at elevated temperatures relative to performance at ambient conditions.Copyright © 1995 by ASME


In this paper we focus on the literatures of convergence hypothesis tests for economic growth and income across the states, provinces, regions, and countries. We can understand the status of the world's economic-growth and income distribution whether convergence or divergence. Our main objective is to accumulate the findings of the potential research works and to extract the knowledge regarding convergence issues. We found unconditional and conditional convergence concepts are emerged from the studies as absolute (or unconditional) β-convergence, σ-convergence, and conditional betaconvergence (βc).This study also traces the speed of convergence occurring in different economies around the world. Basically, we can highlight the Solow-Swan model as conceptual apparatus for modeling the convergence test. In very recent literatures give the latest and more robust cluster analysis of convergence clubs using non-parametric tools like distribution dynamics, kernel density estimation, transition matrices, Markov process etc. are notable


Development of ESOP has challenged the traditional ideas about ownership of enterprises,which proves that the enterprise human capital has obtained the acknowledgement of society.And ESOP reflects the inherent need to development of market economy and the tendency of fusion of material capital and human capital.


Polymer brushes functionalized with cyclodextrin host and arylazopyrazole guest monomers provide strong surface adhesion that is water resistent but can be deactivated by UV irradiation.


A commercial micromembrane suppressor, usually used to chemically suppress eluent conductance in ion chromatography, has been successfully used to effect ion replacement reactions in suppressed eluent streams. For 10 mM fluoride and 100 μM acetate, there were net decreases in conductance upon conversion of the acids to the sodium salts, showing that these concentrations were below their critical point concentrations (CPCs), defined here as the formal concentration above which a specified conjugate salt has a higher conductance than the same formal concentration of the weak acid. For 10 mM carbonate and 10 μM borate, there were net increases in conductance, showing that these concentrations were above their respective CPCs. The most effective of several ion replacement reagents investigated was EDTA at pH 11, which, for 5.0 mM borate, produced 250- and 1400-fold increases in peak height and peak area, respectively, compared with a normal IC system and low background conductance. The applicability of the sy...


Nutrient composition of acha fractions (whole grain, endosperm and hull) of the variety Digitaria exilis with respect to proximate, amino acid profile, fibre fraction, anti-nutritional factors and minerals was examined with the view to determine their levels of inclusion in the diet humans or livestock. The results showed profound coefficient of variation in crude fibre, total ash and protein/fat ratio and less variation in ether extract, crude protein, carbohydrate and gross energy: The crude fibre and total ash content was higher in the hull and whole grain, respectively and both were lower in endosperm while the protein/fat ratio was higher in the endosperm and lower in the hull. All the amino acids examined were higher in the endosperm followed by hull. The fibre fractions, antinutritional factors and minerals contents followed the order: hull>WG>Endo. In conclusion, it was observed that differences exist among D. exilis fractions and the use of each either in human or livestock nutrition required supplementation. Key words: Acha, nutrient composition, fractional differences and supplementation


A simple complex-amplitude model is developed and used to establish the behavior of amplitude an polarization state noise. A simple experiment based upon this model shows that the dominate source of noise in a twisted nematic liquid crystal cell results from polarization state fluctuations. A Stokes polarimeter is described and then used to measure the polarization state dynamics of a commercially available liquid crystal modulator.


Rothschild and Stiglitz (1970, 1971) pioneered the study of how an increase in risk affects the demand for a risky asset. Gollier (1995) first identified a necessary and sufficient condition for unambiguous comparative statics for demand under transformations of the asset's probability distribution function. In this article, the authors examine the necessary and sufficient conditions for unambiguous comparative statics for insurance demand for coverage deductibles and policy limits, when the loss variable undergoes certain classes of transformations. The authors show that, if a transformation is both mean-preserving above (below) the optimal deductible (policy limit), and probability-preserving above (below) the optimal deductible (policy limit), then the necessary and sufficient condition is given by first-order stochastic dominance below (above) the optimal point.


It is often believed that the only alternative to an idealist conception of natural phenomena excludes both the presence of objective universal forms and their progression towards higher forms as the finality of processes in the natural world. Realism regarding the universal and teleological approaches regarding processes are signs of idealism. Therefore, materialism, it would seem, must conform to a nominalist and mechanical view of nature. However, an intelligent materialist reading of idealism's classics reveals a more complex scenario. A real fact is expressed in a mystical fashion in idealism's conceptions of objective universals and teleology. This article attempts to show such a real fact in its authentic (materialist) form. With that goal in mind, the present article discusses the notion of nature's alienation, the distinction between abstract and concrete universals, and the concept of dialectical interaction. The natural-historical emergence of a higher form of matter's organization assimilates, as its organs, the conditions that preceded it in time, transforming itself into an active producer of such conditions. That is the secret glimpsed but not correctly understood by idealism that a consistent materialist should not ignore.


For tunnel-support engineering, the bed separation of surrounding rock has a great influence on the support performance of bolts. In order to reveal the mechanical properties of the full-grouted prestressed bolt under the influence of bed separation, three typical working conditions of single-separation, multi-separation and different separation positions were set up, and theoretical models and numerical models were established. Furthermore, the characteristics of bolt axial force and anchorage–interface shear stress were analyzed by numerical method, and the sensitivity based on an orthogonal test was studied by means of range analysis and variance analysis. The results showed that: (1) under the single-separation condition, the separation value has a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the bolt, and with the increase in the separation value, the sliding failure unit of the bolt increases; (2) for multi-separation conditions, if the total separation value is the same, the increase in the number of separation interfaces is beneficial to the force of the bolt; (3) for the case where the separation layer is located at different positions, the separation layer on the right side is more likely to cause the overall slip failure of the bolt; and (4) for the above three influencing factors, the separation value has the greatest influence on the mechanical properties of the bolt, and the separation position has the least influence.


In testing maize hybrids for resistance under artificial stalk inoculation, application of a mixture of C. graminicola isolates and the fungus of the genus Fusarium did not have any appreciable advantage over the stalk inoculation with pure C. graminicola isolates. The results from this study support the application of artificial leaf inoculation for testing maize hybrids for resistance to anthracnose. Testing maize hybrids for resistance to anthracnose on infected soil might be an alternative to artificial infection.


The traditional e-learning has been developed into personalised and ubiquitous learning, in which the learners find learning materials (LMs) that are suitable to their contextual requirements, and can access them from anywhere and anytime. In this paper, we propose a framework for a personalised recommendation in a ubiquitous learning platform, following a knowledge-based approach. The framework comprises modules like query processing, information storage and retrieval, and learner context mapping and reasoning. Learner's implicit and explicit contexts are used for assessing the preference and suitability and mapping with the LMs that are retrieved based on the learner's query analysis, with the help of educational metadata. Selecting suitable LMs based on different factors is a multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. For prioritising the selection factors, we use SWARA, and for multi-objective decision making, we apply MOORA. Utilising these two techniques, the LMs are ranked and are recommended accordingly.


The utility model discloses a slurry bag packaging production line which is composed of a cutting board paper regularizing machine, a slurry bag stack steering conveyor, a movable chain conveyer, a slurry bag stack temporary storage conveyer, a weighing conveyer, a slurry bag compressor, a slurry bag centering machine, a packaging board placing machine, a first-process binding machine, a bag piling conveyer, a packaging board storage conveyer and a slurry bag stack storage conveyer sequentially; and the slurry bag packaging production line further comprises an automatic control system and a pneumatic hydraulic system; after the slurry bag is compressed, the slurry bag packaging production line has good stability, good packaging quality, high automation degree and production efficiency, and low manufacturing and maintaining cost.


Abstract The aromatic plant immortelle contains valuable bioactive molecules and a unique fragrance. These key factors contribute to its attractiveness and implementation in agricultural ecosystems as well as applications in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In this study, we have characterized the complete chloroplast genome sequence of Helichrysum italicum subsp. italicum from the North Adriatic region. The total genome size was 152,431 bp in length, containing 85 protein-coding genes, 36 transfer RNA genes, 8 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 partial genes (ycf1 and rps19). Based on the available chloroplast genomes from Gnaphalieae tribe, the closest relationship was identified with Anaphalis sinica.


In the preface of this anthology, Harriet de Onis states that her "purpose has been to show how persistent the influence of Latin American folklore in its literature has been, how it has served as a source of inspiration, perhaps the most powerful, to its writers from their emergence on the literary scene, more than four hundred years ago, down to our own day." In making the selections, folklore was considered in a broad sense so as to include "myths and legends out of America's remote past, tales of African, Indian or European origin, often combined and fused into something new and different, customs, superstitions, and historical episodes and characters which have taken on a legendary quality with time and the telling."


With the continuous development of optical fiber sensing technology, the Optical Fiber Pre-Warning System (OFPS) has been widely used in various fields. The OFPS identifies the type of intrusion based on the detected vibration signal to monitor the surrounding environment. Aiming at the real-time requirements of OFPS, this paper presents a fast algorithm to accelerate the detection and recognition processing of optical fiber intrusion signals. The algorithm is implemented in an embedded system that is composed of a digital signal processor (DSP). The processing flow is divided into two parts. First, the dislocation processing method is adopted for the sum processing of original signals, which effectively improves the real-time performance. The filtered signals are divided into two parts and are parallel processed by two DSP boards to save time. Then, the data is input into the identification module for feature extraction and classification. Experiments show that the algorithm can effectively detect and identify the optical fiber intrusion signals. At the same time, it accelerates the processing speed and meets the real-time requirements of OFPS for detection and identification.


A polyaniline/graphene oxide composite was readily synthesized by liquid–liquid interface polymerization of aniline in the presence of a sulfonated graphene oxide suspension using hydrogen peroxide and iron(III) chloride as oxidants. Subsequently, nickel nanoparticles were decorated on the synthesized hybrid material and used for the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene and its derivatives at room temperature under 100 psi of hydrogen pressure. The synthesized hybrid catalyst showed excellent catalytic activity and was readily recovered by centrifugation at the end of the reaction. The recovered catalyst was successfully used for several runs without any significant loss in the catalytic activity. Importantly, no leaching was observed during this course.


vitreous detachment, while 25 (50%) of the 50 control eyes had posterior vitreous detachment. Posterior vitreous detachment in the present case could be a coincidental finding. Posterior vitreous detachment could have been induced by the arterial occlusion as in an experimental model of retinal artery occlusion (Algvere 1977). Another possibility is traction on the papilla causing the central retinal artery occlusion and relief of the occlusion after posterior vitreous detachment. This last possibility of vitreopapillary traction is similar to cases of peripapillary retinal detachment preceding complete posterior vitreous detachment (Aras et al. 2008) or cases with diabetic tractional papillopathy. The sudden anterior chamber decompression can be complicated by hyphema or decompression retinopathy. The present technique requires patient cooperation and special care by the operator. Additional observations are needed to substantiate the efficacy of maximal paracentesis in CRAO.


Modern sports activity match is not merely the competitions of fitness, technology,tactics, It is even more a trial of strength of the psychological quality. I am to the current situation that train of long - distance running in the basic unit in our country, after onsulting a large amount of relevant document materials, According to in there is and not one' s own characteristics experience at experience long - distance running projects in not thinking it trains to be the essential at the psychologies of long - distance running, Because it cause pay close attention to and to in train it propose one's own several points elementary of for the psychologies of long - distance running.


A simple method of calculating nonlinear aerodynamic characteristic of a wing with moderate hardware requirements was developed. The method uses nonlinear characteristic of several airfoil sections along the span of the wing obtained separately before the computation of wing characteristics. Then the local lift coefficients and the local loads and local induced angles on the wing are calculated by iterative way. The results in the form of wing nonlinear lift curve, induced drag polar curve, load distribution and induced angle of attack distribution are available.


In this paper, a scalable mobility-aware pheromone termite (PT) analytical model is proposed to provide robust and faster routing for improved throughput and minimum latency in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). PT also provides support for the network scalability and mobility of the nodes. The monitoring process of PT analytical model is based on two different parameters: packet generation rate and pheromone sensitivity for single and multiple links. The PT routing model is integrated with Boarder node medium access control (BN-MAC) protocol. Furthermore, we deploy two other known routing protocols with BN-MAC; Sensor Protocols for Information via Negotiation (SPIN) and Energy Aware routing Protocol (EAP). To demonstrate the strength of the PT model, we have used ns-2.35-RC7 to compare its Quality of Service (QoS) features with competing routing protocols. The simulation results demonstrate that the PT model is scalable and mobility-aware protocol that saves energy resources and achieves high throughput.


Objective: To analyze of the correlation between presence of unstable angina pectoris and bilirubin (BIL) . Methods: Select 200patients with UAP as UAP group,200 healthy people as control group,to measure the levels of serum BIL. We compared the levels of serum BIL and known risk factors of CHD between UAP group and control group. Results: The level of TBIL in UAP group was evidently lower than control group. Conclusions: The level of TBIL reduced could be the dangerous factor of UAP.


This paper presents and compares continuous assumed gradient (CAG) methods when applied to structural elasticity. CAG elements are finite elements where the strain, i.e., the deformation gradient, is replaced by a C0-continuous interpolation. Similar approaches are found in nodal integration and SFEM. Recently, interpolation schemes for a continuous assumed deformation gradient were proposed for first order tetrahedral and hexahedral finite elements. These schemes try to balance accuracy and numerical efficiency. At the same time, the stability of the interpolation with respect to hourglassing and spurious low energy modes is ensured. This paper recalls the fundamentals of CAG elements, i.e., the formulation and linearization. Furthermore, it extends the approach to second order finite elements. Examples prove convergence and accuracy of the quadratic elements. Two interpolation schemes, one being supported by finite element nodes and interior points and the other being a higher-order tensor-product polynomial, are identified to be most accurate.


Climate warming caused by greenhouse gases is an important practical issue. This study aims to explore the impact of the vertical fiscal imbalance (VFI) on CO2 emissions from the perspective of theoretical analysis and empirical research. This study uses panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2004 to 2018 in order to test this issue. The results show that the VFI has a significant positive impact on CO2 emissions and that the capital misallocation exacerbates the positive impact of the VFI on CO2 emissions. These study results also have a significant temporal heterogeneity. The sample results dating after 2008 were more significant. These conclusions provide economic and political references for local governments in order to develop CO2 neutrality and CO2 peaking policy goals and to promote an in-depth reform of the fiscal system.


Bioluminescence is a versatile imaging platform with applications ranging from metabolite biosensing to whole animal imaging.[1] At the heart of this technology are enzymes (luciferases) that catalyze the oxidation of small molecule substrates (luciferins).[2] During each enzymatic transformation, an electronically excited oxyluciferin is generated that emits a photon of light upon relaxation to the ground state.[3] Since mammalian cells do not produce large numbers of photons in the absence of incident light, bioluminescence can provide an exquisitely sensitive readout on biological processes in these environments.[4] Indeed, luciferase-luciferin pairs have been widely used to report on enzyme activities and gene expression patterns in live cells and tissue lysates.[1] does not require an excitation source, this technology is well noninvasive imaging in whole animals, where delivery of excitation light is often inefficient or impractical.[1a,


Aims. The main goal of the present paper is to provide the first systematic numerical study of the propagation of astrophysical relativistic jets, in the context of high-resolution shock-capturing resistive relativistic magnetohydrodynamics (RRMHD) simulations. We aim at investigating different values and models for the plasma resistivity coefficient, and at assessing their impact on the level of turbulence, the formation of current sheets and reconnection plasmoids, the electromagnetic energy content, and the dissipated power. Methods. We use the PLUTO code for simulations and we assume an axisymmetric setup for jets, endowed with both poloidal and toroidal magnetic fields, and propagating in a uniform magnetized medium. The gas is assumed to be characterized by a realistic Synge-like equation of state (Taub equation), appropriate for such type of astrophysical jets. The Taub equation is combined here for the first time with the Implicit-Explicit Runge-Kutta time-stepping procedure, as required in RRMHD simulations. Results. The main result is that turbulence is clearly suppressed for the highest values of resistivity (low Lundquist numbers), current sheets are broader, and plasmoids are barely present, while for low values of resistivity results are very similar to ideal runs, where dissipation is purely numerical. We find that recipes employing a variable resistivity based on the advection of a jet tracer or on the assumption of a uniform Lundquist number improve on the use of a constant coefficient and are probably more realistic, preserving the development of turbulence and of sharp current sheets, possible sites for the acceleration of the non-thermal particles producing the observed high-energy emission.


In this paper, we provide a new means of establishing solvability of the Dirichlet problem on Lipschitz domains, with measurable data, for second order ellip- tic, nonsymmetric divergence form operators. We will show that a certain optimal Carleson measure estimate for bounded solutions of such operators implies a regular- ity result for the associated elliptic measure.


The amount of terminology associated with basic medical sciences, especially Anatomy, is voluminous. For students who are Hard of Hearing, or Deaf, the challenges inherent in mastering such vocabularies are great. Finger‐spelling is the usual mode of conveying difficult or unknown words in American Sign Language (ASL). This procedure is taxing for most interpreters, resulting in confusion and delays for the deaf student who is trying to keep pace with classroom discussions. The author, in conjunction with his interpreter, has developed a lexicon of "Anatomical Signs" for most terminology in gross anatomy. It employs a specially created system of rules that follow traditional ASL syntax, where possible. The concise signs have enabled the interpreter to more easily convey information being presented, including the content of classroom discussions, and have permitted the author to ask timely questions. The author is developing a manual of Anatomical Signs, each sign created to symbolize unique structural traits. The basic format for an entry includes the structure's name and etymology, an illustration of the sign in action, and a description of how to convey the unique sign. Signs for muscles, for example, are acronyms that indicate location, attachments, and action. Publication of such a manual could benefit other Deaf or Hard‐of‐Hearing students pursuing education in the health sciences, educational programs in interpreting and advancement of language studies in the Deaf‐Education community.


This paper analyzes on the present situation of domestic and foreign digital libraries,expounds the important functions of the human resource,hardware facility,and digitalized resources,etc.in the construction of digital library,and puts forward some problems needing attention in the construction of digital library.


This article considers the development of the epistemological foundations of economics, especially focusing on the problem of the verification of truthfulness of theoretic statements. The author reviews some of the possibilities and defects of both the apriority-deductive and inductive processes of truth verification. Riazanov then proceeds to demonstrate that the verification process should be one of continual testing of truth. Moreover, it is shown that, in general, societies should aim towards promoting those preconditions which encourage economic science to seek verifiable truths. To accomplish this, the influence of both ruling ideologies as well as the dictates of the market place on economic science needs to be significantly weakened.


Black shank, caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dast var. nicotianae [Breda de Haan] Tucker, is a common disease of tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.). Selection for genetic resistance to black shank within an F 1 -derived haploid population is more efficient than selection within an F 2 diploid population. Our objectives were to identify black shank resistance in three segregating haploid tobacco populations and to verify that disease resistance assessed on haploids corresponded to that of doubled haploids (DHs). Population 1 was derived from «McNair 944»×«ZA 692», Population 2 from «Coker 371-Gold» (C 371-G)׫K 326», and Population 3 from «VA 509»×breeding line MDH 410 [...]


Participation in leisure has known health benefits. Children and young people (CYP) with physical disabilities demonstrate reduced participation in leisure. To facilitate their meaningful participation, one must understand what leisure means to CYP. The aim of this study was to systematically synthesize evidence from qualitative studies on the meaning of leisure for CYP with physical disabilities.


Several studies assessed the association between systemic sclerosis (SSc) and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk. However, the results were controversial. We searched PubMed, Embase, and Wanfang databases to find relevant articles. The association of SSc and CAD risk was estimated by OR with 95% CI. Nine studies with 5247 cases and 383468 controls were eventually included. SSc was significantly associated with CAD risk (OR = 2.37, 95% CI 1.72-3.26, P < 0.00001; I2 = 79%). In the subgroup analysis by race, SSc was significantly associated with CAD risk in Caucasians (OR = 2.20, 95% CI 1.57-3.07, P < 0.00001; I2 = 79%) and Asians (OR = 4.24, 95% CI 1.0616.90, P = 0.04; I2 = 67%). When the studies without adjustment were excluded, the result was still positive (OR = 2.23, 95% CI 1.57-3.17, P < 0.00001; I2 = 86%). In conclusion, this meta-analysis suggested that SSc patients might have higher CAD risk.


The current study presents excerpts of my PhD thesis in which I developed a 'dynamic' hypothetical learning path (DHLP) with regard to student's cognitive development. The aim was to investigate if they would raise their van Hiele levels during and after participation in the research process. Students interacted using the interaction techniques of the Geometer's Sketchpad software and the transformations of its dynamic representations. Moreover, the role of linking visual active representations (LVARs) in the software and the role of students' instrumental decoding in the cognitive process have been investigated. Finally, examples of students learning paths, like 'dynamic encephalographs' of their cognitive development, will be presented.


Soil surveys have been made in the United States for over 100 years. For all but the last few years they have been conducted exclusively on the terrestrial parts of the landscape. This has included some areas covered by shallow water such as inland fresh water bogs and marshes or tidal marshes exposed at low tide bordering coastal estuaries, but deeper water areas have been mapped simply as "water". The definition of 'soil' as used in the US Soil Survey has been somewhat vague in defining the transition from "soil" to "water". The first edition of Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1975, p. 2) recognized that while the top of the soil was generally marked by the interface with the air, it may also be the interface with "shallow water." It went on to state that it is not soil if "water is deep enough that only floating plants are present." The Soil Survey Manual (Soil Survey Division Staff, 1993, p. 7) instructed that "sediment below shallow water is soil if it can support bottom-rooted plants such as cattails or reeds". While not explicitly stated, this was interpreted by some as indicating that emergent vegetation was required to meet the definition of soil, thereby excluding beds of submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) such as eelgrass below the low tide elevation in estuarine ecosystems. The definition of soil as the object we classify was modified in the second edition of Soil Taxonomy (Soil Survey Staff, 1999, p.9) to say that it is not soil if "the surface is permanently covered by water too deep (typically more than 2.5 m) for the growth of rooted plants." This modification was purposely made to allow for the recognition of soils in shallow water areas that support SAV and to open the way to classify and map them. The World Reference Base (FAO, 2006, p. 7-8) includes an expanded discussion for the object classified and now includes areas covered by 2 m of water (as measured at low tide) and explicitly includes a reference to "subaqueous soils." So the concept of soil as used in soil survey and classification has expanded over the years to include permanently submerged sediments that are capable of supporting rooted vegetation, commonly called "subaqueous soils".


The study looked at the impact of ICT skills on librarians' job performance in university libraries in Nigeria's southeast. A descriptive research design was used for the study. The population of the study included 235 librarians from university libraries in southeast Nigeria. For the study, the total enumeration sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from respondents. The findings revealed that librarians in South-East Nigeria are above average in terms of ICT competence in university libraries. They also use ICT to post new problems, carry out current awareness tasks, and perform user education tasks. It was also stated that ICT has improved the services provided by librarians while decreasing creative activities in university libraries. Poor funding, insufficient ICT training, insufficient professional manpower to conduct in-house ICT training, LIS curriculum not properly structured in line with current ICT realities, insufficient ICT implementation and planning, and other issues have hampered librarians' acquisition of ICT skills in university libraries. The study recommended among others that adequate funding be allocated for the training and retraining of librarians in the use of ICT, that training on network-based services, database management/searching, QR Code services, and web design be organized for librarians to boost their competencies, and that the use of ICT for task execution be adequately incorporated into the curriculum of library and information science to expose young professionals to the prospects of the use of ICT.


We analyze the breast Cancer data available from the WBC, WDBC from UCI machine learning with the aim of developing accurate prediction models for breast cancer using data mining techniques. Data mining has, for good reason, recently attracted a lot of attention, it is a new Technology, tackling new problem, with great potential for valuable commercial and scientific discoveries. The experiments are conducted in WEKA. Several data mining classification techniques were used on the proposed data. There are many classification techniques in data mining such as Decision Tree, Rules NNge, Tree random forest, Random Tree, lazy IBK. The aim of this paper is to investigate the performance of different classification techniques. The data breast cancer data with a total 286 rows and 10 columns will be used to test and justify the different between the classification methods and algorithm.


Introduction: Nature immersion is defined as multidimensional connecting with earthy materials to generate personal emergence. Personal emergence is an embodied healing force observable via synchronization of bodily rhythms. Research has revealed positive effects of green space for healing. However, little is known about healing of survivors in the space impacted with radioactive nuclear energies. Purpose: To use the theory of nature immersion to guide exploration of the concepts of connecting with earthy materials, personal emergence and space-time expansion in a sample of people who had experienced the catastrophic nature upheaval of the Hiroshima bombings on 6 August 1945. Method: A descriptive exploratory design with directed content analysis was used with existing qualitative data consisting of 29 Hiroshima atomic-bombing survivors' description of their experience. Results: Self-healing empirically manifested through 23 survivors' connection with earthy materials. There was synchrony between recuperating natural space and healing of survivors. Conclusions: Synchrony, as a dimension of human connection with nature, transcended the disharmony of bombing upheaval. Although further exploration is necessary, these findings serve as evidence about the essence of healing as related to nature for those in extreme environments.