This paper presents a hardware-in-the-loop implementation of magnetic levitation (Maglev) system. We established a laboratory setup for Maglev to test different control algorithms. Here a real-time control algorithm based on PID to keep the overall control closed-loop system stable is fully reported. The Experimental result clearly approved the effectiveness of the designed controller by possessing maximum overshoot of 40% and settling time of 30 second and rise time of 15 second.


Description of the problem

Stovner district has 30 100 inhabitants, 49% minorities from 137 countries, is located in Oslo, Norway. All pregnant mothers and children are offered free health care services and reaches 96% of the eligible population. Public health nurse (PHNs) offer services for mother and child, including health check-ups and vaccinations. "New mothers" is an early intervention public health …


In this paper, we research the influence of Ni element doping on the structure and electrochemical properties of LiCoO2. The results show that Ni element doping can reduce initial coulomb efficiency and discharge capacity of materials, and the higher the doping amount, the lower the quantity. A small amount of Ni element doping can improve layer structure of the material, and some Ni elements enter Li plane, support Li plane, and better stabilize layer structure of the material. At the same time, a small amount of Ni element doping can reduce charge transfer impedance of the material during charging-discharging process, so that the material has better cyclic performance. However, when Ni doping is too much, structural stability of the material is reduced, charge transfer impedance is increased, and cyclic performance is deteriorated.


To the editor: As the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues, it is important to review the 3 main routes for person-toperson transmission of respiratory viruses. They are direct or indirect contact with an infected individual (eg, shaking hands, touching a contaminated doorknob), large droplets emitted by coughing and sneezing that land on the uninfected individual, or inhalation exposure to small airborne particles that remain aloft for minutes to hours after an infected individual exhales them. Several infectious diseases including viruses are transmissible opportunistically via the third, airborne route, such as severe acute respiratory syndrome–associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV).1 Regarding the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV, also called SARS-CoV-2), a virus closely related genetically to SARSCoV, the recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) emphasize that the infection can be transmitted via direct contact and large droplets,2 while suggesting reduced concern regarding the potential influence of the airborne route. The WHO states: "In the context of COVID-19, airborne transmission may be possible in specific circumstances and settings in which procedures or support treatments that generate aerosols are performed." Although the degree to which airborne transmission of even well-known respiratory viruses continues to be an active area of research, the WHO's stance on a virus that was unknown only 4 months ago is surprising. What definitive evidence gathered so early in the pandemic supported the assertion that COVID-19 airborne transmission is limited to specific circumstances and is not more generalized? To answer this question, we inspected each citation used in the WHO's Scientific Brief2 to back up its recommendations.3-9 Surprisingly, we did not find any definitive evidence supporting it. A common theme throughout several of the citations was a clear demonstration of person-to-person transmission without discussion of transmission route.35,7 In contrast, in another citation, the authors state, "We are concerned that 2019-nCoV could have acquired the ability for efficient human transmission.... Airborne precautions, such as a fit-tested N95 respirator, and other personal protective equipment are strongly recommended."6(p502) Authors of another study, when listing knowledge gaps, included the "[r]ole of aerosol transmission in non-health care settings",8(p36) suggesting that the question of airborne transmission is unresolved. The final citation involved testing air samples and surfaces in hospital rooms where infected patients stayed, and the authors noted that air samples were negative for SARS-CoV-2 but, "Swabs taken from air exhaust outlets tested positive, suggesting that small virus-laden droplets may be displaced by airflows and deposited on equipment such as vents".9(pE2) Theoretically, these same "small virus-laden droplets" could be inhaled by any persons who enter the room, thus facilitating airborne disease transmission. A more recent report, not available to the WHO on the publication date of the Scientific Brief,2 describes superspreading events associated with COVID19.10 In an analysis of clusters of disease transmission in Japan, the authors observed that "all clusters were associated with closed environments... [and] the odds for transmission from a primary case-patient were 18.7 times higher than in open-air environments." The fact that closed environments are more amenable to COVID-19 transmission relative to open-air ones is consistent with an infection that potentially is capable of airborne transmission. The COVID-19 pandemic is new, so there is little surprise that there is a lack of definitive evidence as to which route or routes are observed most commonly in viral transmission. To date, with the availability of only scarce data, prudence dictates continued consideration of airborne transmission of COVID-19 as an explanation for the rapid spread of the virus. For the future, there is an urgent need to conduct systematic studies to assess the ability of the virus to spread through the air, whether via turbulent vapor clouds emitted during a cough or sneeze11 or via virus exhalation during breathing by an infected individual.12 For now, there is an immediate need to revisit LETTERS COVID-19 Resources


Animation industry has become a new growth point of national economy. The development of global creative industries also indicates that a new century of culture and art-focused, creative animation industry is coming. As the leader in the world creative industries, the UK's animation industry has also taken the forefront in the world. In this paper, we made a comprehensive description of the characteristics of the British animation industry through the following three aspects: creativity, education and government policies, analyzed the root causes of its success; and combining with the status quo of Chinese animation industry, we summarized some inspiration from the aforementioned three aspects, trying to explore some new ideas for the development of Chinese animation Industry.


This invention relates to a textured image generation method and special effects video. The method comprises a step of generating a microscopic texture from user-settings using a fractal interpolation function generating a signal type fBm "fractional Brownian motion". It also includes a step of generating units and resampling. The present invention applies to the generation of television textured images or special effects in standard TV or HDTV.


Latent Tuberculosis of the Three Tonsils.?Professor Dieulafoy has recently read an important and interesting paper before the Paris Academy of Medicine.1 He appears to have drawn his inspiration from some previous observations by Lermoyez, upon the presence of Koch's bacilli in adenoid vegetations with or without the co-existent naked eye appearance of tubercle, and conducted a series of experiments with a view to confirming them. Dieulafoy succeeded in developing general tuberculosis in eight out of sixty-one guinea pigs inoculated with fragments of enlarged faucial tonsil (equivalent to 13 per cent.), and in seven out of thirty-five animals inoculated with pieces of adenoid vegetations (20 per cent.). Care was taken to select the portions of tissue from persons in whom it was clear that the tonsilar affection was not secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis. Dieulafoy considers these patients to be suffering from a masked and sluggish type of tuberculosis of the pharynx, and that, aided by a natural predisposition to infection residing in the individual, the bacillus has gained access to the tonsils, palatine or pharyngeal, either by inhalation or by the food swallowed. These modes of approach have been proved possible by the investigations of Strauss and Chauveau respectively. The former proved the existence of virulent tubercle bacilli in the nasal cavities of healthy individuals frequenting rooms inhabited by consumptives, whilst the latter observed that animals fed on tuberculous food became infected


Abstract The Lower Walnut Settlement is a loose cluster of sites located in the lower Walnut River valley of south-central Kansas. The sites are dominated by late precontact deposits, dating from ca A.D. 1350 to 1750, though some sites do have earlier components. This paper reviews the history of investigations in the lower Walnut River valley, including major highway salvage investigations conducted by the Kansas State Historical Society in the mid-1990s. Following a brief review of the site cluster, referred to as the Lower Walnut Settlement, we focus on the locally-produced ceramics, using the relatively large assemblage of sherds as well as reconstructed and partial vessels recovered during these excavations. These are used to investigate aspects of ceramic production (including the use of shell as a tempering agent, methods of manufacture, and possible production areas). We offer a redefinition of the Cowley Plain type, replacing ware-type with the type-variety system. We conclude with suggestions for future research.


The title compound, (C9H8N)2[Cr2O7], crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with eight cations and four anions in the unit cell. The quinolinium cations and a dichromate anion are connected through N—H⋯O and C—H⋯O intermolecular hydrogen bonds and by aromatic π–π-stacking interactions. The dichromate geometry is normal, with a Cr—O(bridging)—Cr angle of 135.1 (2)°.


The present invention provides an information processing apparatus and a display device. The information processing apparatus comprising: a holder, the holder having a flat base and an upstanding pillar on the base; and a processing unit, the processing unit performs data processing; a display panel, the display panel displaying an image; and a storage unit the storage unit stores information. The device also has an adapter, the adapter is mounted to a support in the processing unit and the storage unit of the carrier. The adapter further supporting the display panel, so that the processing unit and the storage unit in the hidden behind the display panel.


Forestry coverage in China has declined,and vegetation was destroyed severely,especially in diggings.This paper established a math model for vegetation improvement cost in diggings for cost accounting.Coal waste piles in Didao Forest Farm was used as a study case.The vegetation restoration method and cost were demonstrated and math model was used.The cost differed according to different restoration methods.Suggestions were presented in terms of strengthening technical research,increasing investment,developing vegetation restoration pilots,providing reference to national eco-compensation criteria.


A series of polyaluminum chloride sulfate ion (PACS), which have different basicities and Al 3+ /SO 2- 4 molar ratio, were prepared by using AlCl 3·6H 2O, Na 2SO 4 and NaOH as raw materials. The effects of Al 3+ /SO 2- 4 molar ratio and basicities on the aluminum species of PACS were investigated by using Al-Ferron timed complex colorimetric method. A series of experimental results were achieved. Nonlinear formulae modelling the aluminum species of PACS, Al 3+ /SO 2- 4 molar ratio and basicities were presented.


This site makes available notices received by EPA's Office of General Counsel on or after January 1, 2013. Newly received notices are added on an ongoing basis.


April June 2016 844 JCPS Volume 9 Issue 2 Review on Micro Incremental Sheet Forming A.K.Jeevanantham Department of Manufacturing Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, VIT University, Vellore-632014, Tamil Nadu, India. Corresponding author: E-Mail: email@example.com; Mobile: +91 9488044330 ABSTRACT Microforming becomes utmost important in the recent technology innovations to manufacture miniaturized products. Micro Incremental sheet forming (ISF) is an emerging metal forming technology in which numerically controlled tool motion locally deforms the metal and results higher formability than the conventional stamping process. Three dimensional miniature components can be economically made without using a specific dies, provides a competitive alternative in the potential application areas of aerospace, biomedical, automotive, home appliances, marine and prototyping industries. This article is aimed to discuss the present state-of-the-art technologies, potential applications, inadequacies and scope for valuable contributions in the field of ISF.


Analysis of optimal parameters for electro-ontic Bragg deflection in planar waveguide is made in order to decrease the losses of light intensity in waveguidr. Mode misfitting caused by interaction of light and grating with multiple period is taken into consideration. In result, the optimal parameters for an electrode array and voltage supply to interdigitated electrodes are found.


At the end of a lecturing period examinations are used to take a snapshot of the level of knowledge of a student. It is essential that this snapshot be taken at the right moment. Particularly when a student fails, it is important to make sure that it is because his level of knowledge is not adequate, not because, for example, he had a severe headache, was blocked by examination stress or misread the questions. Even when a student does pass, it may be that the grade is too low because of unjust causes. The system presented in this paper is designed to prevent this situation. An automated Internet-based system makes multiple-choice tests available for students of which the contents depend on the date. It tracks the actual course content. When a student does a test, the system will grade the student and predict the official grade that can be expected at the final examination. The results of the final examination are compared with the prediction. When the prediction is higher than the actual grade, the cause is investigated and possibly an extra assessment is done. The system is completely automated and is available for students 24 h per day. This makes sure that the snapshot is taken at the right time, since the student himself can decide when to take a test. The system does not officially grade the students and is therefore not very sensitive to fraud, but it efficiently removes the 'snapshot risk' of the official exam, resulting in a much better quality of the grading process


This project uses data from the Health and Retirement Study to examine, in the context of a structural retirement model, the effects on retirement of non-wage aspects of employment emanating from firm side factors. Factors examined include minimum hours constraints, layoffs, physical and mental requirements of the job, informal pressures to retire, accommodations made by the employer when a person has a health problem, and retirement windows. The most important effects found pertain to minimum hours constraints. Should minimum hours constraints be abolished, the percent of the population ages 62 to 69 who are completely retired will decline by 10 to 15 percentage points. The fraction in this age group who are working in partial retirement jobs will increase by roughly twenty percentage points of the population. Were minimum hours constraints abolished, more than twice as many people would enter partial retirement as would leave full time work. As a result, total FTE employment would increase were minimum hours constraints eliminated. Increasing the importance of partial retirement would affect the role of the earnings test and liquidity of the Social Security system, although the increase in partial retirement would be largely, but not entirely offset by the decline in full time work. This would limit the size of any effects on Social Security finances. Authors' Acknowledgment This paper was supported by a grant from the U.S. Social Security Administration (SSA) to the Michigan Retirement Research Center, UM 03-03. The opinions and conclusions are solely those of the authors and should not be construed as representing the opinions or policy of SSA, the Michigan Retirement Research Center, or the National Bureau of Economic Research. Alan L. Gustman is Loren Berry Professor of Economics at Dartmouth College, Department of Economics, Hanover, N.H. 03755 (email@example.com). Thomas L. Steinmeier is Professor of Economics, Texas Tech University, Department of Economics, Lubbock, Texas 79409 (email@example.com).


AbstractAlthough we have been acting as Secretaries for only three months, we have been impressed by the number of letters that pour in every week from all parts of the country, and from abroad—particularly the United States—indicating a great and growing interest in the works and lives of the Bronte sisters.We feel deeply sorry that our faithful and devoted predecessor in the work, Mrs. Edgerley, is not here to report on the activities of the Society for the past year, for it has been a year of record-breaking. Not only have the attendance figures at the Museum broken all records, as the Honorary Curator will tell you, but the Society's membership js larger than it has ever been.


Technological innovation and the modernization of manufacturing procedures have thoroughly redefined the field of nickel–titanium (NiTi) rotary and reciprocating endodontic instruments [1]. [...]


In modern high speed turbomachinery the velocity of journal surface can reach the value 140 m/s. The heat generated in the lubricating gap of high speed journal bearing decreases the oil viscosity causing the operation of bearings with partially or fully turbulent film flows. The calculation procedure of static and dynamic characteristics of these bearings should base on the Reynolds, energy and viscosity equations under assumption of turbulent oil film. The 4-lobe pericycloid bearing contains continuous profile and is characterized by the pericycloid eccentricity. The paper introduces the static characteristics of 4-lobe pericycloid journal bearing operating in the conditions of adiabatic turbulent oil film. GEOMETRY OF LUBRICATING GAP The geometry of pericycloid journal bearing describes the equation (1). H z n ( , ) cos( ) ( cos ) * φ ε φ α λ φ = − ⋅ − + + ⋅ 1 1 (1) where: εrelative eccentricity, φ peripheral coordinate, α attitude angle, λeccentricity of the pericycloid, n multiple of pericycloid (n=4 for 4-lobe pericycloid bearing. PRESSURE AND TEMPERATURE DISTRIBUTION The following form of Reynolds' equation was used in the program of numerical calculation. ∂ ∂ φ η ∂ ∂ φ ∂ ∂ η ∂ ∂ ∂ ∂ φ ∂ ∂φ H K p z H K p z H H


We developed a disease management program and service framework to enhance the self-management skills of patients with chronic diseases for the first time in Japan. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of this program. A single-group pre-test and post-test design was used. In the program, disease management nurses provided self-management education to patients that were specific for their disease and risk factors in cooperation with their primary physicians. The duration of the program was 6 or 12 months. A total of 1258 patients were enrolled. After excluding discontinued subjects, 987 patients in the diabetes program and 11 patients (except those with diabetic nephropathy) in the chronic kidney disease (CKD) program were analyzed. The diabetic patients showed improvement of HbA1c and blood pressure after intervention, as well as maintaining renal function. CKD patients showed no change of renal function after intervention, but there was improvement of non high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-c). The patients acquired the ability to detect at an early stage and respond to abnormal symptoms and data, which enabled them to avoid progression of their diseases and emergency hospitalization. The program was effective at preventing disease progression in patients with chronic illnesses and may contribute to the containment of medical costs.


Recently, the Communist Party of China has endeavoured to implement reforms to extend pension coverage in China. In 2010, the central government promulgated the Social Insurance Law, which specifies rules on basic pensions, and introduced the New Rural Pension Scheme, Urban Resident Pension Scheme and various policies on pension transfer and continuity. In principle, a preliminary pension policy framework had already been constructed to secure China's urban and rural population. However, these reforms do not address the low participation of rural migrant workers, urban-rural disparity and fragmentation. Therefore, in line with the goal of old-age security, economic growth and social stability, deep pension reforms are clearly needed in the future.


In order to improve the accuracy and precision of online learning-based collision detection methods, an online active ensemble learning for robot collision detection (OAELRCD) is proposed in this paper. The OAELRCD consists of two key components: (1) an ensemble learning method to combine several base classifiers in order to improve the accuracy and precision of collision detection, (2) an active learning algorithm to reduce the number of training samples in order to realize online training and learning when the environment changes. We evaluate the proposed OAELRCD on one robot arm in dynamic environments with moving workspace obstacles, showing that the proposed OAELRCD outperforms state-of-the-art online learning-based method and geometric collision checkers. Compared to the state-of-the-art online learning-based method for robot collision detection in dynamic environments, the proposed OAELRCD provides noticeable improvements in TPR, AUC, Accuracy and TNR. Compared to state-of-the-art geometric collision checkers, with the proposed OAELRCD, collision checks are faster.


The soaring location-based social services not only make it possible to take advantage of one additional source of information: the places people visit, but also present graph structure consisting of individuals and places in certain relationship. In this paper we investigated the interactions between venues in Foursquare network. Provided with the check-in number for each venue as well as the transitions between them, we studied the basic characteristics of the network, detected and analyzed community structures, and modeled the graph evolution with various techniques. Our work has strong application uses and potential business values, such as using community structures to recommend venues for users based on tastes, and to predict future popularity of venues, which can be essential for business owners.


Taxonomy Solo provides an approach to evaluate and categorize cognitive performance by considering the structure of learning outcomes were observed. This study examines the response of the students in completing tasks based on the taxonomy of Solo. Researchers measured the quality of the answers based on the complexity of student understanding of a given problem. This study uses an exploratory qualitative method. The data source of this research is X TKJ Class in SMK Ibnu Cholil Bangkalan. The results showed that the response of the students in solving at the level multistruktural, relational and extended abstract. Low achieving students category multistruktural level because they were able to make some connections and focus on some aspects. Students category was giving the maximum response on a relational level for associating the concept or process so that all relevant information connected and relevant conclusion. Students high category reached the level of the extended abstract of being able to associate the concept or process so that all relevant information connected and relevant conclusion and using the general principles that are not in question.


Because the multi-link high-dimensional data clustering problem of complex information networks was difficult to handle,this paper proposed a novel link clustering algorithm MCHOOI based on higher order tensor analysis methods and modularity network analysis.Used modularity approach to analysis networks,used multi-dimensional tensor expressed in the form of complex multi-link data,used Tucker tensor decomposition method to reduce the dimensions of the data,the time and space complexity of the algorithm.The effectiveness and robustness of the algorithmic was tested in complex network environment.


Diabetes is one of the major non-communicable diseases which has a great impact on human day to day activities. Diabetes is an infection that happens when your blood glucose, additionally known as glucose, is excessively high. Blood glucose is your primary wellspring of vitality and originates from the nourishment you consume. Insulin, a hormone made by the pancreas, enables glucose from nourishment to get into your cells to be utilized for vitality. The body makes the insulin each and every time, but it will not utilize the insulin fully. Glucose at that point remains in your blood and doesn't arrive at your cells. After some time, having an excessive amount of glucose in your blood can mess wellbeing up. Despite the fact that diabetes has no fix, you can find a way to deal with your diabetes and remain sound. Data mining approach analyze patient's ailments. Diabetes Mellitus is an incessant sickness to influence different organs of the human body. Early forecast can save human life and can assume responsibility for the maladies. Choosing genuine classifiers plainly grows the accuracy and skill of the framework. Because of its persistently expanding rate, an ever increasing number of families are out of line by diabetes mellitus. Most diabetics think minimal about their hazard factor they face preceding analysis. This paper investigates the early forecast of diabetes utilizing data mining methods.


The goals of the Vega-1 and -2 experiments were to trace the large- and small-scale motions, measure the turbulent heat and momentum flow in the cloud layer, and determine the physical parameters of the Venus atmosphere. The arrangement of the balloon-probe payload, the balloon-deployment sequence, and the balloon flight paths are described. The balloons drifted latitudinally in the Venus atmosphere about one-third the way around the planet at a height of 53-54 km and speeds close to 67 m/sec. The balloon-probe signals, recorded on earth by radio telescopes of ten countries, are being processed.


There is a broad consensus that understanding system desiderata (requirements) and design creativity are both important for software engineering success. However, little research has addressed the relationship between design creativity and the way requirements are framed or presented. This paper therefore aims to investigate the possibility that the way desiderata are framed or presented can affect design creativity. Forty two participants took part in a randomized control trial where one group received desiderata framed as "requirements" while the other received desiderata framed as "ideas". Participants produced design concepts which were judged for originality. Participants who received requirements framing produced significantly less original designs than participants who received ideas framing (Mann-Whitney U=116.5, p=0.004). We conclude that framing desiderata as "requirements" may cause requirements fixation where designers' preoccupation with satisfying explicit requirements inhibits their creativity.


Paul de Man, in Allegories of Reading, refers to irony as the key rhetorical and linguistic figure of his allegorical readings. It looks as if everything/it was turned upon by irony: the figure is shown as the trope of tropes, the essence of rhetoric. The surprising and effective ending can also be read as the beginning of another story which would be about the understanding of the relation between irony and allegory. "I have never known how to tell a story," Derrida says in the opening of his lecture-series, Mémoires, dedicated to his friend de Man's memory. This story of remembrance introduced by an ironical and self-reflective statement, which can be taken as the mirror-image of the de Manian closing, is speaking about the allegorical reading, or rather unreadability of irony. In this particular story, embedded in the context of allegory and irony, such flowers of rhetoric flourish as Mnemosyne, Lethe, Psyche or Narcissus. In my text I am trying to interpret these rhetorical figures in these two thinkers' works, while the recurrent 'narcissus' becomes the rhetorical flower of (my) reading.


Abstract In this paper, observers are synthesized for switched linear systems, resulting in switched observers including state jumps. The synthesis problem is formulated as a linear matrix inequality problem. By using multiple Lyapunov functions, a switched state jump observer is designed for a broader class of switched systems than earlier proposed in the literature.


ness of content, vagueness of expression, and so on. They may differently infiuence the modality effect. We have to examine those factors separately in the next step.


Few years ago, Setare (2006) has investigated the Cardy-Verlinde formula of noncommutative black hole obtained by noncommutativity of coordinates. In this paper, we apply the same procedure to a noncommutative black hole obtained by the coordinate coherent approach. The Cardy-Verlinde formula is entropy formula of conformal field theory in an arbitrary dimension. It relates the entropy of conformal field theory to its total energy and Casimir energy. In this paper, we have calculated the total energy and Casimir energy of noncommutative Schwarzschild black hole and have shown that entropy of noncommutative Schwarzschild black hole horizon can be expressed in terms of Cardy-Verlinde formula.


Electron microscope studies of immature Chrysanthemum morifolium tissue dipped in Tween 20 emulsions of methyl decanoate indicate that the first ultrastructural effect of this pruning agent upon living cells is that of membrane disruption. The timetable of membrane destruction correlates well with the visual onset of browning or shoot destruction following foliar sprays of this emulsion. Vesicles form within the nucleus within 1 min of exposure to the emulsion. The outer limiting membrane of the nucleus breaks apart with a concurrent disappearance of endoplasmic reticulum and appearance of cytoplasmic vesicles. By 14 min the mitochondrial membrane and to a lesser degree the chloroplast membranes are breaking down. At 21 min the grana within the chloroplast, the tonoplast, and the plasmalemma membranes are destroyed. Further studies show that anthocyanin leaks from the vacuoles of red-cabbage leaf tissue after 5-min exposure to methyl decanoate emulsion and that red-onion epidermal cells undergo abnormal cramp plasmolysis after 10-min exposure and fail to plasmolyze at all after 15-min exposure time. These data indicate that the osmotic properties of the plasmalemma and tonoplast membranes are lost at about the same time as the destruction of the nuclear membrane occurs.


Kinetics of the complex formation between aquated cis-Pt II (NH 3 ) 2 and inosine or 1-methylinosine has been studied by HPLC in aqueous solution over a pH range of 4.1-8.6 at 298.2 K. The complexation of aquated cis-Pt II (NH 3 ) 2 can be completely explained by substitution of the aqua ligand(s) with incoming nucleosides. Deprotonation of one of the aqua ligands results in a 10-fold decrease in the displacement rate of the remaining one


In this work, we use the nickel-induced crystallization process to crystallize a-Si:H thin films at temperatures compatible with the utilization of glass substrates. Hydrogenated amorphous silicon films are deposited on planar float glass (Schott AF37) by plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition. The films, between 400 and 1400 nm thick, are grown intrinsic, slightly p-doped (p-) or with a combined structure of heavily p-doped / slightly p-doped (p+/p-) layers. On these films we sputter nickel with concentrations between 2.5×1014 and 3×1015 at./cm2, and then we anneal the samples in a standard nitrogen-purged tube furnace. The process evolves through the formation of the nickel silicide NiSi2, which has a lattice constant very similar to that of c-Si and acts as a nucleation centre. As a result of this thermal treatment we obtain thin polycrystalline films with a grain size over 100 μm. The high crystallinity of the samples is confirmed through optical and electron microscopy observations, X-rays diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. (© 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)


competence in judging the efficacy of the physician's activities.2 On the other hand, it may be inferred from recent studies on stress that disease also may be a somatic expression of psychologic stress.3 Thus, turning to a physician is an attempt at solving both the patient's somatic and emotional problems, and the latter has been found to be the decisive motivating factor in seeking medical advice.l'4 In light of the commonly known dominance of the biomedical model in medical practice that focuses on "disease" rather than on "illness,"5 patients may doubt whether clinicians, in particular primary care general practitioners, will accept psychologic distress as a legitimate reason for seeking medical help. Moreover, physicians tend to view anxiety as a consequence of the disease, which is expected to be alleviated naturally upon recovery.6 Pa-


PURPOSE: A method for setting a distributor in a network Internet broadcasting system is provided to reduce a capacity of a server and a transmission load by giving a netizen a relay authorization, distributing a predetermined profit to the netizen, and thus distributing a transmission load concentrated on the server. CONSTITUTION: If a system source of netizens is over a threshold value, a corresponding netizen is automatically set as a distributor. Therefore, in case of a data transmission, the netizens can receive a service from the distributor, thereby making an Internet broadcasting system. In the Internet broadcasting system, all distributors and the last listener provide their information to a server, receive a specific IP, and makes a database about a connection information. While the all distributors and the last listener receive the service, if a connection toward an upper distributor is cut off, this cut-off is transmitted to the server. With reference to the occupied database, a distributor or the last listener who do not receive the service are transmitted to another upper distributor. Thereby, a capacity and a transmission load of the server can be reduced, because a relay authorization is given to a netizen.


FROM reports it appears that the dream of agriculturalists is on the eve of realization, and that we are about to enter a new era of agricultural advancement. For long man has realized the fundamental importance of good pasture, and in devious ways has endcavoured to conserve surplus herbage so as to provide. a sufficiency of fodder for his cattle and sheep during lean periods, thereby evolving the technique of haying and silage-making as we know it to-day.


During the drilling process, the non-linear contacts between the bit and the bottom hole, the drill string and the borehole wall can cause the bit's stick-slip vibration, which will shorten the life of the bit and even endanger the safety of the drill string. The severity of stick-slip vibration of a bit can be identified by the rotary speed of a bit, the triaxial accelerations of the drill string, the wellhead torque and other parameters measured by the measuring while drilling (MWD) tools in the downhole and devices on the surface. To evaluate the level of stick-slip vibration, this paper proposes a risk assessment method of sick-slip vibration based on backpropagation neural network (BPNN). According to the time and frequency domain analysis of the data collected from simulation, the feature parameters of the time and frequency domains of signals are extracted, and then the kernel principal component analysis (KPCA) is applied to reduce dimensions. Consequently, the feature vectors can be obtained, which become the input parameters of the BPNN. Based on BPNN algorithm, the stick-slip vibration of the bit is determined, and the classification of stick-slip vibration strength is carried out. The results show that this method can effectively identify the severity of stick-slip vibration of a bit. Therefore, this method is valid to evaluate the stick-slip vibration of a bit, which will help drillers adjust the drilling parameters practically according to the severity of vibration, so as to reduce the risks of stick-slip vibration during drilling and improve the efficiency and safety of drilling operation.


To address the validation of a new concept, based on the redistribution of tasks between air traffic controllers and flight crews, a joint validation framework has been defined. Indicators and metrics were proposed to assess similarly the impact of the new task distribution on four related dimensions: the human shaping factors, the activity, the efficiency and the safety. Examples were also proposed to highlight how closely the controller and the flight crew performances are, at every level of the validation framework.


In this paper, a comparative study of some star detection methods is conducted. Then these methods are those employed for a satellite-onboard star tracker. Tested methods are applied on simulated stellar images with several types of noise and their performances are compared. Seven methods are tested and applied on three images with ten scenarios, concerning types of noise, for each image.


6-phenylpurines were identified as novel, ATP-competitive inhibitors of protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) from a fragment-based screen and were rapidly progressed to potent compounds using iterative protein-ligand crystallography with a PKA-PKB chimeric protein. An elaborated lead compound showed cell growth inhibition and effects on cellular signaling pathways characteristic of PKB inhibition.


We settle an open conjecture regarding the newsvendor game. We prove that its core is always non-empty, for all possible joint distributions of the random demands. We give sufficient conditions under which the core is a singleton or it contains non-negative elements.


The scarcity of drinking water creates major impacts on the rural community, in particular. The people living in Aligambai have been facing numerous problems in getting a safe drinking water supply, even for their daily drinking purpose. This paper sets out to identify the contributing factors toward water scarcity and how to cope with it by increasing water productivity as an integrated approach in the study area. This study is a combination of research methods; quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. It is built on the premise of the cultural theory, which can be used to study water scarcity issues in rural water points. Mainly, it tries to understand the gap between the performance of the rural water supply sector and the SDG Goal 6: 'water & sanitation for all' through networking with pluralist institutions and mechanisms. Research methods, such as interviews with key informants, direct observations, and Focus Group discussions, have been employed for the study. The secondary data were collected from the Aligambai Resource Profile, records from the GND/DS office, and the statistical records from the National Water Supply & Drainage Board. This study found that water scarcity has affected the community in terms of life and livelihood activities in Aligambai. Therefore, it tries to bring out potential solutions to coping with water scarcity by suggesting measures for water productivity at all levels through an integrated approach in the study area.


This study presents the major ideas of Mahatma Gandhi on social stratification and social inequality. The methodology consists of systematically reading and analyzing the literature through which the theoretical components of social stratification in Gandhi's writings become more explicit, and evaluating these theoretical components. A systematic statement of Gandhi's theory of social stratification included the following five components. First, social differentiation is inherent in human nature. Gandhi believed in the universality of social differentiations and was convinced that societies were organized into the divisions on the basis of vocations. Second, relations among strata imply that a division of labor is essential for the stability and organization of society. Gandhi also implied that this division of labor is necessary and functional. Third, normative patterns establish traditions of heredity. To Gandhi, the four divisions in society defined a person's "calling" which is essential for social organization. Fourth, the system of stratification is the universal law that everyone is obliged to follow. Gandhi tried to legitimize social stratification through moral and religious values of the society. Fifth, social stratification system defines duties only and does not confer any privileges. To Gandhi, the divisions of people into strata was the best possible adjustment of social stability and progress. While accepting some form of social stratification for the benefit of total funcioning of the society, Gandhi refused to accept that social inequality necessarily grows out of the process of social stratification. To maintain the hereditary law of social stratification and reduce the inequality, Gandhi suggested the abolition of the present caste system and the revival of four orders of social organization, the removal of the concept of untouchability, the regulation of trusteeship, decentralization of power, the increase of women's status, and vocational education for all.


Objective To observe the clinical benefits of application of the continuous renal replacement therapy(CRRT) for the critically ill patients,this paper summarized the nursing skills and experiences for CRRT to treat the critically ill patients.Methods 23 cases of critically ill patients treated with CRRT were observed in this research that were used comprehensive care,such as monitoring vital signs,maintaining blood vessel potency,preventing infection with strict aseptic technique,maintaining fluid management,and applying psychological interventions.Results After CRRT treatment and comprehensive care,16 patients were cured,3 patients were transferred to other hospital in stable condition,4 patients died of multiple organ failure in the 23 patients.The results showed to improve patient outcomes and reduce complications with the comprehensive care.Conclusions During the course of CRRT for the critically ill patients,it is suitable to take positive care and effective measures to ensure the progress of CRRT,so as to achieve a satisfactory therapeutic effect.


The article briefly describes the technology of electrochemical coatings. It is performed the analysis of coating methods and also the methods of preliminary surface treatment. There are analyzed the features of interaction of coating with substrate.


The invention provides a method for preparing a high-strength high-density isotropic graphite material. According to the method, pitch mesocarbon micro bead (MCMB) powder of which the D50 is larger than 20 micrometers, and the volatile content is less than 7 percent is taken as a raw material, and the high-strength high-density isotropic graphite material is prepared by adopting the self-sintering process that the raw material powder is added into an organic solvent of pitch, the solvent is removed, the powder is pressed, a green briquette is formed through isostatic compaction, roasting and carbonization are performed, and graphitization is performed. According to the method, an organic solvent method is utilized to disperse bitumastic cement, so as to realize the modification on MCMB powder with large size and low volatile matter, the original shapes and sizes of the MCMB particles are basically kept after modification, good self sinterability is realized, and the finally obtained graphite is fine and uniform in structure, high in density and excellent in mechanical property. The pitch of the dispersed and modified MCMB is distributed uniformly, the inner stress of the green briquette in the isostatic compaction step is more uniformly distributed, and balanced expansion and shrinkage in the working procedures of roasting and graphitization are realized, and therefore, a product is not liable to crack, and the yield reaches not less than 90 percent.


Background and aims Preterm infants should avoid stressful events, due to their immature brain and vascular structures. The purpose of this observational study was to investigate stress responses to nurse handling in the NICU. Methods Fifteen male and fifteen female infants, gestational age 32,7 (±1, 48) weeks and birth weight 1880(± 409) grams, at postnatal day 5–7 were observed during nursing care and diaper change. Standard physiological measurements; heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), and skin conductance response frequency (SCR/sec), and NIDCAP® behavioural stress cues; facial, visceral, motor, attentional, and self-consoling were recorded before and during care. Non-parametric Wilcoxon was used. Results There were statistical differences for physiological and behavioural measures from before to during the care: Abstract PO-0724 Table 1 Parameter Before During p-value SCR/sec 0,06(± 0,05) 0,13(± 0,07) 0,000 RR 49,8(± 14,9) 75,7(± 13,0) 0,000 HR 151,8(± 10,1) 173,9(± 11,3) 0.000 NIDCAP® behaviours- Facial cues- Visceral cues- Motor cues- Attentional cues- Self-consoling 24,08(± 12,64)1,0(± 1,54)1,17(± 1,95)19,0(± 11,72)2,92(± 3,61)3,17(± 3,83) 50,63(± 21,5)2,13(± 3,5)3,27(± 4,51)34,97(± 14,62)10,27(± 9,32)12,39(± 9,91) 0.002NSNS0,0020,0070,01 Conclusion SCR/sec, RR, HR and NIDCAP® stress behaviours all significantly increased during the care. Further analyses of the NIDCAP® subgroups identified motor and attentional cues, and ability to self-console as significant.


According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2008, ecommerce retail sales accounted for approximately 3.6% of all retail sales in the country and generated $142 billion in revenue. A study by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) estimates that in the same year, approximately 73% of all electronic retail sales were conducted through online retail intermediaries ("online intermediaries"). Online intermediaries facilitate Internet transactions for new and used goods by connecting buyers with suppliers, and they provide a range of services such as a platform for auctions, fixed prices, and transaction processing. One of the largest online intermediaries is eBay.com. In June 2011, 223.5 million people accounting for 16.2% of the world's Internet population visited eBay. The increasing use of the Internet and online intermediaries—like eBay—by manufacturers and sellers to distribute their products across the United States has posed significant problems for courts in determining where these


Yusef Lateef's neologism for jazz was autophysiopsychic, meaning "music from one's physical, mental and spiritual self." Lateef condensed in this term a very considered conception linking the intellectual and the spiritual based in his faith as an Ahmadiyya Muslim and his lifelong commitment to both Western and non-Western intellectual explorations. Lateef's distinctive voice as an improviser is traced with respect to his autophysiopsychic exploration of world instruments including flutes, double reeds, and chordophones, and his friendship with John Coltrane. The two shared a love of spiritual exploration as well as the study of science, physics, symmetry, and mathematics. Lateef's ethnomusicological research on Hausa music in Nigeria, as well as his other writings and visual art, deepen our understanding of him as an artist-scholar who cleared the way for the presence of autophysiopsychic musicians in the academy.


Taking into consideration the change in semantic contents of many cultural processes, including design as a polycultural phenomenon the modern researches about space and artistic organization of modern interior design are analyzed in the article, as well as fundamental bases for defining and theoretical explanation of the tendencies of its development are revealed.


Living together with the family is fundamental for teenager´s and children´s healthy and complete development, as the Federal Constitution from 1988 consecrates. In case of divorce, it is very common for parents to, once injured and resentful with each other, allow those fellings to extrapolate the limits of their relationship, hurting
their children. In this scenario, frequently one of the parents, driven by rage and desire for revange, uses the child as a blackmail instrument, inculcating in the child´s heart and mind feelings of resentment and sorrow against the other parent, occurring this way the parental alienation. This practice is much easier when one of the parents has, exclusively, the child´s custody. In December of 2014, it was sanctioned the 13.058/2014 Law, The Compulsory Joint Custody Law, whose articles express clearly the preference for joint custody implantation, instead of the singular custody. From these considerations, once defined the parental alienation characteristics and it´s damaging consequences to the child, and analyzed the innovations e changes fomented by the 13.058/2014 Law, this paper seeks to demonstrate the eficiency of the Compulsory Joint Custody Law as a efficient instrument against parental alienation.


The article presents the data and analyses of personnel's average annual external exposure doses monitoring via the thermoluminescent dosimetry method used for X-ray radiological personnel in dental polyclinics of Dushanbe, Tadjikistan Republic over a 5-year period ( 2010–2014 ). Out of 42 registered medical institutions dental polyclinics amounted up to only just 14%. For this work thermoluminescent dosimeters were used ( with LiF: Mg, Ti ) with the thermoluminescent dosimetric installation " Harshaw – 4500" as the reader device. Monitoring results comparison of individual dose equivalent Hp ( 10 ) values was conducted for two groups of medical workers: medical doctors and X-ray lab technicians. It is demonstrated that radiological technicians' professional exposure doses are on the average by 23% higher than those for medical doctors. The average individual exposure doses over the above indicated period amount to 0,93 mSv and 1,3 mSv for doctors and X-ray lab technicians, respectively, and are in the range from 0,45 mSv to 2,39 mSv. The doses include contribution from the natural background. The values of doses recorded for the personnel in dental polyclinic correspond to those recorded for the workers in the routine X-ray rooms.


New heterocyclic polyamides have been synthesized by solution polycondensation of aromatic diamines containing phenylquinoxaline units with diacid chlorides having both imide and hexafluoroisopropylidene (6F) groups. These polymers are soluble in polar aprotic solvents, such as N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP) or N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), and can be cast into flexible thin films from solutions. They show high thermooxidative stability with decomposition temperatures above 400°C and glass transition temperatures in the range of 225 - 300°C. The polymer films exhibit good chemical resistance towards diluted acids and good electrical insulating properties with dielectric constants in the range of 3.2 - 3.7.


The invention relates to a valve device (10) for at least two of exhaust gas can flow surges (12, 14) having turbine of an exhaust gas turbocharger, with a to a housing (16) of the turbine which can be arranged valve body (20) for fluidly separating the waves (12, 14 ) which (for supporting the valve body 20) to the housing of the turbine an abutment region (22), which opens one (in the valve body 20) opening (24) is limited, with a said aperture (24) at least partially segmented and with the contact region (22) of strut member (26) connected, and with an actuating element (28) for relatively moving the valve body (20) to the turbine, which is received on the strut element (26).


Although fiber-reinforced polymers (FRP) have until now been largely applied to various fields of engineering, these materials have also been used in many technical applications, especially where high strength and stiffness are required, but with low component weight. Among various natural fibers, banana fiber is of particular interest in that its composites have high tensile strength, high tensile modulus, and low elongation at break beside its low cost and eases of availability. In this study, banana fiber and glass fiber reinforced polyester Resin composites were prepared using hand lay up technique . Experiments are conducted to compare and to find the effect of fiber volume fraction on mode I fracture toughness of both composites.


The interpretation of the x-ray diffraction diagram of hair, both natural and stretched, is considered, and attention is drawn to the importance of considering the amorphous as well as the crystalline parts of hair. Infrared spectra show that there is a mixture of a and β structures (folded and extended polypeptide chains, respectively) both in natural hair and in hair which has been extended 100%, and that the orientation of the β material, at least, is very imperfect. It is concluded that in such a system no simple relationship exists between the extension of the molecular chains on unfolding and the extension of the whole fiber.


1 2 Pseudomonas putida mt-2 encompasses two alternative and potentially conflicting routes for benzoate 3 metabolism, one meta pathway encoded by xyl genes of the pWW0 plasmid and mastered by the Pm 4 promoter and XylS, and one chromosomally-encoded ortho pathway initiated by Pben and the BenR 5 protein. Any cross-activation of Pben promoter by XylS ought to cause a metabolic conflict during the 6 degradation of m-xylene, because 3-methylbenzoate generated as an intermediate can be channelled 7 through the ortho pathway and produce toxic dead-end metabolites. The activation of Pben by XylS was 8 revisited using both reporter technology and tiling arrays targeted to the sequences of interest around 9 mRNA initiation of both Pben and Pm promoters. Analysis of supersensitive luxCDABE fusions, 10 inspection of xylX vs. benA transcripts and growth tests of benR mutants indicated that the natural 11 expression ranges of XylS under various conditions are insufficient to cause a significant cross-regulation 12 of Pben whether cells face endogenous or exogenous 3-methylbenzoate. This seems to stem from the 13 nature of the operators for binding either transcriptional factor, which in the case of the Pben promoter of 14 P. putida mt-2 appear to have evolved for avoiding a strong interaction with XylS. 15 ____________________________________________________________________________________ 16


Farmers cooperative economic organizations are distributed differently in agriculture industries.These organizations in Jilin Province are mainly distributed in fruit and vegetable industry and animal husbandry mainly because the higher degree of industrialization and market risk have determined higher transaction costs than other industries in terms of bounded rationality,opportunism and asset specificity,which results in different industry distribution.Therefore,endogenous differences of industry distribution of cooperative organizations require change of these organizations from quantitative development to qualitative development,promoting the level of industrialization and marketization of backward industries inside the organizations,strictly monitoring agricultural markets,controlling agricultural materials quality,stimulating farmers' endogenous power to join the organization,supporting the development of post-production cooperation organizations such as in grain storage and finally guiding and adjusting support to the supply of funds for fund mutual aid cooperation organizations.


1Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China; 2Department of Nephrology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China; 3Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, People's Republic of China; 4Department of Nuclear Medicine, Huazhong University of Science and Technology Union Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen 518000, People's Republic of China; 5Department of Cardiology, Ganzhou People's Hospital, Ganzhou 341000, People's Republic of China


A series of metallic gratings, having grating spacing of 2180 \AA{} and known numbers of grooves ranging from 1000 to 4, were seen to produce Smith-Purcell radiation when exposed to a 50-keV electron beam. Bandwidths for the radiation from these gratings were measured and found to be dependent upon the number of grating grooves as well as the beam angle of incidence. This is interpreted as indicating a one-to-one correspondence between grooves in the grating and undulations in the radiated wave train produced by a single passing electron. With this assumption, a height for the zone of effective interaction for the electron is calculated to be \ensuremath{\sim}1500 \AA{} from the grating surface.


Objective To elucidate the relationship between the sequences of HCV E2 gene (including HVR1, HVR2, PePDH and flanking region) from Shanghai hepatitis C virus 1b isolates and the response of HCV patients to interferon (IFN α)therapy. Methods Sera from 24 patients with HCV 1b infection were collected before, during and after IFN α therapy. The dominant sequences of HCV E2 HVR1,E2 HVR2,PePHD and its flanking region(a.a.603 a.a.752) were determined. Phylogenetic tree analysis based on pretreatment HVR1 sequences was undertaken. Results The E2 HVR1 sequences from pre treatment sera were highly diverse among different isolates. Phylogenetic tree based on HVR1 sequences showed no correlation of the sequence variations with treatment response. The average amino acid mutations in sustained responders (SRs), non responders (NRs) and transient responders (TRs) within HVR2 region were 2.0 , 1.0 and 1.5 respectively. The frequency of mutations in SRs was significantly higher than that in NRs( t = 3.098 , P 0.05 ). Mutation within PePHD sequences was not observed in any patient before treatment and the sequences did not change under interferon pressure in non responders. Several mutations occurred in PePHD flanking region, but there was no correlation between the mutations and therapeutic respouse(SRs∶NRs, t = 1.413 , P = 0.195 , 0.05 ; SRs∶TRs t = 1.706 , P = 1.107 , 0.05 ; TRs∶NRs t = 0.682 , P = 0.504 , 0.05 ). Conclusions While there is no correlation between the sequences of HVR1, PePDH and flanking region and the outcome of IFN treatment, mutation frequency with HVR2 region seemed to be related to treatment response and maybe be helpful in predicting the efficacy of IFN therapy.


This study was conducted to investigate the levels of phytotoxicity of Japonica×Indica-typerice varieties to HPPD(4-hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase)-inhibiting herbicides known for theirefficiency to control the sulfonylurea-resistant weeds. The plant injury and rice yield of threeIndica×Japonica rice (long grain, cv. Hanareumbyeo, Hanareum2, Dasanbyeo) were evaluated byapplication rate of HPPD-inhibiting herbicdes, benzobicyclon and mesotrione+pretilachlor (MP), andbutachlor as control in transplanting rice in 2012 -2013 in Miryang. The herbicide rates of 350g, 140ga.i. ha-1 for recommended rate(1x) and 750g, 280g a.i. ha-1 for 2x with benzobicyclon andmesotri-one+pretilachlor (MP), respectively, were applied as pre-emergence treatments while only the 1x concen-tration of 1,500g a.i. ha−1 was used for butachlor. All three Indica×Japonica rice cultivars wereextremely sensitive to both benzobicyclon and MP herbicides even at the 1x rate as reflected by highvisual injury of leaf chlorosis and the injury was more severe at 2x rate than 1x concentration. The per-centage of foliar chlorosis of Indica×Japonica rices at the 1x rate was only 34~64% for benzobicyclonat 14 days after treatment(DAT) and 63~75% for MP at 7 DAT but the injury was more severe at the 2xrate with 76~83% for benzobicyclon and 83~89%. However, the leaf chlorosis injury of the three ricevarieties recovered at 1x rate of benzobicyclon and MP about 30 DAT but rice plant death of 6.5~11.5%for benzobicyclon and 2.1~3.3% for the MP was observed at the 2x rate, respectively. The heading dateof the injured rice plant was delayed by 1 to 2 days and panicle number per square meter, ripened grainratio and 1000-brown rice weight were decreased due to the injury of rice plant by the herbicide treat-ments as compared with the control treatment of butachlor. Yield of the Indica×Japonica rice varietiestreated with benzobicyclon and MP was significantly reduced by 5~9% even at 1x rate and 14~28% at2x rate, respectively. The result indicates that MP and benzobicyclon should not be used for weed controlin Indica×Japonica varieties and rice plant should be transplanted again to some extent at 2x rate of thebenzobicyclon and MP herbicides.


Chronic exertional compartment syndrome (CECS) is a well-known condition in sports medicine that is characterized by reversible recurrent ischemia to the muscle due to an increased pressure within a limited space in a muscular compartment. Typical symptoms include pain, tenderness, paresthesia, weakness, and cramping. It is most commonly observed in the lower extremities frequently affecting the tibialis anterior muscle compartment in runners and walkers. CECS of the upper extremity was less frequently reported in literature. Case reports concerning CECS in the forearms were associated with motorcycling, kayaking, rowers, tennis, wheelchair athletics, climbers, or heavy manual work. Continuous and excessive movements of the wrist and fingers during climbing result in an extreme stress on the deep flexor muscles leading to their exhaustion, which limits a climber's performance. Exhausting climbing performance is usually associated with "pumped" forearms (hard, swollen forearms). This pumped sensation is normal after climbing and therefore cannot be used as an indicator for CECS. Schoeffel et al measured physiological standard pressure of the flexor muscles during exercise and revealed that only a prolonged pumped sensation of more than 15 minutes after exercise can be associated with CECS. Only a few cases of CECS in climbers have been published, all of them affecting the forearm flexor compartment. Definitions concerning anatomic configuration of the forearm compartments diverge, referring from 4 to 10 defined compartments. We consulted 1 climber with a clinical sign of a CECS but normal intracompartmental pressure (ICP) in the deep and superficial flexor compartments after a climbing-specific stress test. In the case presented, the individual diversity of anatomic configuration of the forearm compartments created a diagnostic challenge. To our knowledge, the following case report is the first description of an isolated CECS of the flexor carpi radialis compartment for a rock climber.


Objective To investigate the change of serum interleukin-25(IL-25),interleukin-27(IL-27) and acute phase reaction protein(CER,TRF,AAG and HP) in patients with asthma of various types and explore its clinical significance.Methods The serum levels of CER,TRF,AAG and HP of 64 cases of asthma patients in acute exacerbation and clinical remission and 30 health controls were detected by immune scattering turbidimetry.The serum levels of IL-25,IL-27 were detected by ELISA.Results The serum IL-25 and HP levels in patients with clinical remission group and acute exacerbation were much higher than that of controls(P 0.05),and the acute exacerbation group was much higher than clinical remission group(P0.05).The levels of TRF in patients with asthma in acute exacerbation were significantly lower than those of healthy controls and clinical remission group(P0.05).There was no significant difference of TRF between healthy controls and clinical remission group(P0.05).There was no relationship between IL-25,IL-27,and acute-phase proteins(CER,TRF,AAG and HP) in the patients with asthma in acute exacerbation(P0.05).Conclusion The results above indicate that HP can better reflect the activity of asthma,and IL-25 involve in the inflammatory pathogenesis of asthma.The specific role of IL-25 in inflammatory pathological process of asthma need to be further studied.Asthma;IL-25;IL-27;Acute phase reaction proteinIL-27,and acute-phase proteins(CER,TRF,AAG and HP) in the patients with asthma in acute exacerbation(P0.05).Conclusion The results above indicate that H Pcan better reflect the activity of asthma,and IL-25 involve in the inflammatory pathogenesis of asthma.The specific role of IL-25 in inflammatory pathological process of asthma need to be further studied.


This paper is set within the context of the ongoing debate on the concept of the public sphere within Africa. It will be argued that the debate about the African public sphere is contingent upon the existence of guaranteed rights and freedoms such as the freedom of assembly and association and the freedom of expression. Such a guarantee provides an enabling environment within which Africa can begin to explore the concept of the public sphere. Though most African states have ratified international instruments that protect human rights, in most instances, the enjoyment of such rights is not guaranteed. The recent political developments in Zimbabwe provide a modern-day prototype of the extent to which the concept of the public sphere can be eroded if rights and freedoms are not guaranteed. It is further argued that when public opinion is eroded, the citizenry is inevitably coerced into submission. The erosion of the public sphere and the silence of the citizens become a fertile ground for the African states to become subjected to dictatorships and other ills which are engulfing the African continent even in the 21st century.


Sir, We thank Dr Odibo1 for his interest in our paper. We appreciate that Berghella et al.2 used Mantel–Haenzel's Q-statistic to test for heterogeneity between trials and this is clearly reported in their paper. However, such tests for heterogeneity are notoriously underpowered,3 and therefore, the nonsignificant P value obtained for their primary outcome does not rule out the possibility of heterogeneity. Even in the absence of heterogeneity, our recommendation to improve the pooled analysis already undertaken, by stratifying the data by study, still stands. In the absence of such stratification, results can become seriously biased due to disruption in the balance of characteristics achieved by randomisation between treatment groups within each trial.4 We recommended the urgent need for larger trials to elucidate the risk–benefit ratio in singleton pregnancies more precisely because of the results that we obtained from analysing our primary outcome of neonatal mortality. The size of such future trials will be determined with reference to both the research question being addressed and the primary out-


In the 1960s, Hladky and Haydon have succeeded in detecting ionic flows across thin lipid membrane when adding small lipid-soluble molecules such as surface-active polypeptides to artificial membrane, which has laid the foundation for decoding single strand DNA when it crosses the nanopore under an applied electric field. In this paper, we will review several kinds of protein nanopores used in single molecular sequencing, such as α-hemolysin nanopore, MspA nanopore and membrane-adapted phi29 motor protein nanopore.


The cultural diplomacy is an application of public diplomacy. It is used as an effective tool of soft power. A developing state depends on various political and economic factors, but also on public diplomacy; namely cultural diplomacy that state pursues in foreign policy. Considering that the education is a part of cultural diplomacy, we can suppose that education policy is an effective tool of soft power. It should be noted that there is an inevitable relationship between "education policy" and "soft power", differing from state to state. In this context, it is important to examine the education policies of cultural institutions that state operate abroad. That is why, the present study analyzes the education policies of Alliance française and those of Yunus Emre Institute in the context of soft power. These educational institutions will be compared, and a special attention will be given to education policies that states develop in their cultural diplomacy.


This guide provides information on accessibility accommodations for patrons of the HSL. Content will cover physical spaces, technology, and access to resources. Accessible versions of HSL policies and procedures and how to locate or request accessible versions of other Library created content


By means of using multi-branch equivalent circuit method, establishing a more complete network similar to the ventilation system and applying the computation program, flow volume and temperature of the water line of the stator coils, wind flow distribution of the rotor part and temperature distribution of rotor coil itself of the class F gas turbine generator were calculated. The calculated results met with the design criteria to verify the rationality of the generator cooling system design.


Supervised administration of disulfiram is one of the very few treatments that can significantly reduce alcohol consumption, yet it is rarely used, despite being simple and cheap. Disulfiram is not 'aversion therapy', but a technique for facilitating exposure and response prevention, and it fits comfortably into a behavioural, social-learning model of addiction (or dependence) and its treatment. The availability of other effective antagonists, notably to opiates, suggests that an approach that is demonstrably effective in alcohol dependence may be helpful in treating other addictions. The reasons for the unpopularity of this approach appear to be largely ideological.


Leslie Marmon Silko's Almanac of the Dead narrates the continuing saga of Old World-New World contact as the prophecies encoded in an ancient Yaqui Almanac come to fruition as the marginalized and dispossessed of the Americas dream the birthing of a fifth world in the borderlands. It is not the dream of the ancient mariner seeking to map the orbis terrarum; it is not the dream of the rich merchant eager to discover the quickest route to the Indies; it is not the vision of the conquistador eager to subdue resisting natives and plunder the Seven Cities of Cibola; and it is not the greed of the adventurer looking west as he conquers and tames the frontier in search of El Dorado. The dream of the fifth world in Almanac is contestatory, its impulse is revenge, and its game plan is the reclamation of stolen land. The dream is a ''vivid enactment of the long prophesied collapse of European domination and the simultaneous resurgence of the Native American peoples of much of the continent '' (Birkerts 39). The dream of the fifth world hinges on this central question—how can we negate and overturn the legacy of colonialism and its stultifying effects and contemporary manifestations in the Americas? In this article I argue that we cannot fully appreciate the novel's engagement with this question unless we situate it in the transborder social and cultural economy of the US Southwest and read it as a border tale, as a narrative that registers the warp and weft of border crossings. This article addresses three things: first, it recontextualizes the ways in which writers and critics have conceptualized border phenomena in order to reconfigure the Southwest as a region frayed with multiple borders; second, it discusses how the novel reorients us to the myriad forms of border crossings in the borderlands by focusing on the various narratives of the capture of the Indian ''bandit '' Geronimo, not so much to affirm the truth of any one narrative but to juxtapose Literature Interpretation Theory, 14: 357–385, 2003 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Inc. ISSN: 1043-6928 print DOI: 10.1080=10436920390248577


In light of alkaline phenomenon of stone material surface demonstrated with natural stone material after a long-time usage especially rain,this paper comprehensively analyzes aspects of design scheme,construction technology,and material property and so on,and determines the causes and preventive measures for the quality defects.Thus,it has certain guiding significance for future engineering.


Background: Infertile couples to have healthy children are one of primary tasks of assisted reproductive technologies. In order to fulfill these tasks, reproductive medicine constantly needs to obtain information on physiology and pathophysiology of infertility and to develop efficient strategies for ovarian hyper-stimulation. Objectives: Aim of the current Work was to evaluate the efficacy of oral sildenafil citrate 25 mg on pregnancy outcome, endometrial thickness, pattern and uterine arteries Doppler blood flow in patients with 3 or more concoctive unexplained recurrent IVF/ICSI implantation failure. Patients and Methods: This prospective, randomized, double blinded study included a total of seventy patients undergoing ICSI trial attending at the University Maternity Hospital IVFICSI unit. The included subjects were randomly allocated into two groups: Group I (study group): included 35 women with recurrent ICSI implantation failure with another trial of ICSI using the standard drugs and technique with the addition of sildenafil 25 mg orally twice daily. Group II (control group): included 35 women with recurrent ICSI implantation failure with another trial of ICSI using the standard drugs and technique (control group). Results: The statistical comparison between group I (Sildenafil Citrate) and group II (control) regarding endometrial thickness showed non significant differences before and significant differences after 21days of administration of Sildenafil Citrate. The statistical comparison in patients in group I (Sildenafil Citrate) regarding Pulsatility index, Resistance index and Systolic/ diastolic ratio showed significant differences of these parameters. Conclusion: It could be concluded from this study that adding of sildenafil citrate 25 mg orally twice daily for 21 days to patients with unexplained recurrent ICSI implantation failure, increase in pregnancy rate.


We study invariant Fatou components for holomorphic endomorphisms in $\mathbb{P}^{2}$. In the recurrent case these components were classified by Fornæss and Sibony [Classification of recurrent domains for some holomorphic maps. Math. Ann. 301(4) (1995), 813–820]. Ueda [Holomorphic maps on projective spaces and continuations of Fatou maps. Michigan Math J.56(1) (2008), 145–153] completed this classification by proving that it is not possible for the limit set to be a punctured disk. Recently Lyubich and Peters [Classification of invariant Fatou components for dissipative Hénon maps. Preprint] classified non-recurrent invariant Fatou components, under the additional hypothesis that the limit set is unique. Again all possibilities in this classification were known to occur, except for the punctured disk. Here we show that the punctured disk can indeed occur as the limit set of a non-recurrent Fatou component. We provide many additional examples of holomorphic and polynomial endomorphisms of $\mathbb{C}^{2}$ with non-recurrent Fatou components on which the orbits converge to the regular part of arbitrary analytic sets.


Existing code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, such as the IS-95 digital cellular system, support data and voice traffic at a basic rate as well as lower fractional rates. A backward-compatible system, known as multicode CDMA (MC-CDMA), has been proposed as a mechanism to allow higher-rate services under the IS-95 infrastructure. MC-CDMA enables dynamic packet-like user access with low overhead and high efficiency. This paper describes MC-CDMA and focuses on several issues related to its implementation, exploring both high-level system design and details of hardware implementation. The load- and interference-based demand assignment (LIDA) access control mechanism allows dynamic data rate access by balancing and controlling mixed traffic interference in a CDMA system. LIDA builds on existing pilot measurement and soft handoff protocols and thus can be integrated easily with IS-95. Also discussed are forward link interference suppression schemes that mitigate multipath impairments, resulting in increased capacity and/or improving quality. The paper concludes by describing an efficient design for a bidirectional 56-kb/s MC-CDMA mobile transceiver that requires only minimally increased complexity when compared with a conventional CDMA tranceiver. Together with all these enhancements, MC-CDMA provides a simple and effective transition mechanism for future wireless multimedia services.


Eastern Amazonia is an area with great biological diversity that has suffered rapid deforestation and forest fragmentation over the years. Because of the scarcity of data on the fauna and flora, the northwest of the state of Maranhão has become a priority area for studies that seek to gain a better understanding of bee fauna. Between August 2013 and December 2014, in collections at two-month intervals, a total of 1047 bees belonging to 70 species were collected using two methods (an insect net and scent-baited traps). Apinae was the most abundant subfamily and had the greatest species richness (63 species and 1039 individuals); the most notable tribes in this subfamily were Meliponini (20 species and 445 individuals) and Euglossini (24 species and 452 individuals). In all, 62.8% of the total richness was sampled with an insect net and 34.2% with bait traps. Bees were present in every collection month, and August and December were the months with the greatest richness and abundance, respectively. Although the species accumulation curve did not stabilize, the results were positive as three new species were recorded for the Maranhão state: Bombus transversalis (Olivier, 1789); Xylocopa suspecta Moure and Camargo, 1988; and Xylocopa macrops Lepeletier, 1841, and eleven for the Amazonian region of the state.


In recent years, the need for developing an accurate human body imaging systems for concealed weapons becomes urgent due to the increase of the international terrorism. In this paper, an experimental system for hidden weapons detection is introduced. The system is based on the principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and monostatic radar. The proposed system transmits a very short pulse generated by a vector network analyzer (VNA) to illuminate a three layers target made from jeans, natural leather and reinforced papers. The target construction is chosen to emulate the presence of the human body. The imaging process is carried out by interpolating successive time domain measurements of the probe reflection coefficient S11 at different points. Two types of scanning probes are used the first one is a standard millimetre-wave (MMW) horn antenna while the other one is a hybrid microstrip/horn antenna. The system shows a great ability for imaging and detecting a hidden metallic targets under the jeans layer of the target.


Abstract : The long-term goal is to develop a new method and the code to simulate 3D acoustic/elastic wave propagation and interaction with the ocean water and ocean bottom environment. The method will be applied to numerical simulations and imaging to study the wave/sea-bottom interaction, energy partitioning, scattering mechanism and other problems that are crucial for many ocean bottom-surveying techniques. Our understanding on shallow water acoustic wave propagation and its interaction with sediments can be improved. Objectives are to improve and develop the ECS (Elastic Complex-Screen), a new one-way elastic wave propagation method, and apply it to the ocean bottom environment to study the elasto-acoustic wave propagation in complex laterally heterogeneous media, including rough interface and random volume heterogeneity.


For a controls experiment to be meaningful, it should provide knowledge that cannot be gained from theory or simulation. The authors maintain that the value of experiments is proportional to their fidelity to an industrial motivating problem. Without this, claims regarding the efficacy of a control method cannot be substantiated to any degree more than they could via simulation. The control of a high speed milling spindle is reviewed as an example of a problem where only a prototype experiment is compelling.


With the increasing exchange of international economic and trade, business Englsih letters have become one of important communicative means. An appropriate business English letter can make the reader willing to establish trade relationship with you. So it is greatly significant to pay attention to the writing style in business English letters. In this regard, this article is intended to discuss the writing style in modern business English letters, including practical, positive, polite, your attitude and flexible style.


Affirmative action programs have potential for altering the position of women in organisations and in the labour market. They also herald the prospect of changes to the activities of personnel practitioners, particularly if affirmative action programs remain the preserve of personnel practitioners. It is possible they will need to manage 'industrial issues', develop grievance mechanisms, anticipate and handle increased conflict among employees, initiate training programs and assess concepts embodied in personnel policies and practices.


Amphiphilic proteins, which self-assemble at solid-liquid interface in nanometricbiolayer, such as hydrophobins, can be used as multifunctional film to passivate porous silicon dioxide, and also sense glucose. Several porous silicon dioxide optical transducers (rugate filter, Thue-Morse sequence, and microcavity) have been protein-modified and tested in monitoring hydrophobins-glucose binding. A simple, easy-to-integrate technique, such as water contact angle, is able to reveal sugar presence at 1.2 mg/mL, whereas spectroscopic reflectometry fails. Fluorescence measurements confirm protein layer-glucose interaction.


Storage behaviour of banana (Musa paradisiaca var. 'Poovan') under modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) at optimum low temperature (LT) storage (13±1°C, 90-95% RH) conditions were studied for 3 seasons. Changes in gas composition of MAP and MAP+GK (green keeper) (an ethylene absorbent) treatments indicated that a steady state of about 10% and 8.7% of C02 and 2.5% and 2.4% of 02 in MAP and MAP+GK packages, respectively, after 21 days
of LT storage. It was observed that MAP and MAP+GK treatments resulted in substantial reduction in losse due to
physiological loss in weight (PLW) to 1.4 and 0.4% after 28 and 42 days of LT storage, respectively. The MAP+GK
treatment delayed the fruit compositional changes in texture (12.6 kgf), pulp to peel ratio (2.3) and total soluble solids (6.1°Brix) on 42 days of LT storage as compared to texture (12.4 kgf), pulp to peel ratio (2.8) and total soluble solids (11.0 °Brix) of openly kept banana after 15 days of LT storage. Shelf-life of 'Poovan' banana fruits under MAP and MAP+GK treatments could be extended up to 28 and 42 days, respectively as compared to those kept in open for 15 days under LT storage conditions. Sensory quality of fully ripe fruits of MAP and MAP+GK treatments 5 days after ethrel dip was found to be very good.


For regression coefficient matrices of the GMANOVA-MANOVA model, this paper gives gives two- stage estimators, such that their risk functions related to arbitrary quadratic loss are bounded above a preassigned constant.Their asymptotic effciency are also discussed.


Recently there have been increasing research interests in synthesizing gene networks and several studies have been done. The motivations of those studies are two ways. One is that the construction of gene networks having desired properties is a complementary approach to investigating mechanism and functions of gene networks. The other is that the construction of gene networks could be the first step to tackling the control problem of living cells. In this paper, we propose a synthesis method of gene networks by network learning. The problem is to determine parameters of a gene network such that it possesses given gene expression pattern sequences as desired properties. The proposed method is applicable to the synthesis problem of a wider class of gene networks. The method is general enough to be able to apply to several types of synthesis problems by slight extensions. In fact, the method is extended so as to solve several types of synthesis problems: the synthesis problem of gene networks which possess several desired expression pattern sequences such as multiple expression pattern sequences, a cyclic expression pattern sequence and a stable cyclic expression pattern sequence, and the synthesis problem of controller gene networks. Several numerical experiments illustrate the performance of the proposed method.


Dieting and non-dieting are two contrasting approaches to the management of overweight/obesity, but less is known about why people follow non-dieting approaches and how these approaches are associated with health and nutrition status indicators. This thesis enables a greater understanding of why dieting and non-dieting approaches are adopted and provides insight into whether one approach is more favourably associated with nutrition and health status indicators. The findings of this thesis will be useful for clinicians who wish to encourage dieting or non-dieting approaches in their clients and for researchers wishing to understand how best to address overweight and obesity.


A key factor in the success of the trade union representation of domestic workers is the support provided by strong trade union federations and alliances with other political actors. Also decisive has been the support of allies in governments and parliaments who took up demands for the reinforcement of the employment rights of domestic workers. A comparison of the Latin American countries in which the furthest-reaching reforms have been enacted indicates this.


The article describes a method of joint high-precision estimation of range and velocity in ultra-wideband short-range radar systems. The peculiarity of the method is the two dimensional range-velocity compression function based on ambiguity function of ultra-wideband discrete frequency coded waveforms. Expressions of ambiguity function and compression function such as a block diagram of the radar transceiver for the proposed method are presented. Experimental data confirm the efficiency of the method.


Many investment firms reward portfolio managers based on their performance. This article investigates a manager's optimal active risk policy using stochastic programming techniques. Our multiple-period model incorporates the most common incentive-fee structures, and captures the risk that the manager is fired for underperformance. In contrast to single-stage models, the manager shows remarkable prudence as he strives to safeguard future fee flows. We observe that if the client is too intolerant of underperformance, the manager will be incentivized to reduce active risk despite earning active fees. We also observe that capping fees too early will causes a lock-in effect.


Purpose: Nerve wraps provide a protective encasement around peripheral nerves following neurorrhaphy. Various types of nerve wraps are available for use in clinical practice. Human amniotic membrane (hAM) is an easily obtainable FDA-approved biomaterial with no donor site morbidity and minimal inflammatory response. hAM nerve wraps provide a neurotrophic effect, containing human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC) and human amniotic epithelial cells (hAEC) which have multilineage differentiation potential and can synthesize and secrete neurotrophic factors, differentiate into neural phenotypes and enhance Schwann cell proliferation. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of hAM nerve wraps in a rat sciatic nerve reverse autograft model.


An increasing emphasis on end-user demand and expanded development budgets in leading software development firms to increase the supply chain management system quality of their Products (PD). Decision makers apply quality standards and guidelines to evaluate software quality. However, standards and guidelines lack uniformity in software development firm quality and end-users' requirements. Accordingly, this study develops a grey decision making measurement model for evaluating the software quality of supply chain management system, to reduce the software quality of perceived and expected gap between the PD offered by a software development firm and end-users' requirements.


Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are widely distributed throughout the human brain and are believed to play a role in several neurological and psychiatric disorders. In order to identify an effective PET radioligand for in vivo assessment of the α4β2 subtype of nicotinic receptor, we synthesized [18F]3-[1-(3-fluoropropyl)-(S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethoxy]pyridine (NicFP). The in vitro KD of NicFP was determined to be 1.1 nM, and the log P value obtained by HPLC analysis of the unlabelled standard was found to be 2.2. The radiosynthesis of [18F]NicFP was carried out by a nucleophilic substitution reaction of anhydrous [18F]fluoride and the corresponding mesylate precursor. After purification by HPLC, the radiochemical yield was determined to be 11.3±2.1% and the specific activity was 0.47±0.18 Ci/μmol (EOS, n = 3). The time of synthesis and purification was 99±2 min. The final product was prepared as a sterile saline solution suitable for in vivo use. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The aim of this study was to assess the possibility to use Baikal endemic amphipods as a source for screening of novel natural products. Analysis of amphipod's E. verrucosus hemolymph by HPLC-MS was performed for the first time. A number of natural products with new molecular mass for Baikal endemic macroinvertebrates were found. We found a compound as chrysin by comparison of MS1, MS2 profiles and molecular mass of natural products registered in Dictionary of Natural Products and MZ-cloud databases. Also, we found new compound with mass 493.80277 Da, circulating in the amphipod's hemolymph.


Structural Change, which tends to the modernization in China since mid-19 th century*Mespecially since the end of 19 th century and early years of 20 th century, is taken as the "never experienced great shock" in Chinese society. However, it was due to the invasion of western capitalist commercial-industrial civilization based on the Christian religions to Chinese traditional culture based on the Confucian thoughts. The change has not yet fulfilled but is still continually going deep and affecting as well as controlling the process of Chinese modernizing movement. Thus, the paper is determine to narrative and make some comments on the communication of Western and Chinese cultures from meeting, colliding, and gradually melting, thus leading to the structural change in the historical process of modernization in China.


The invention discloses a judging method and a device of over line stoppage property of a same pole double-circuit line with a paralleling reactor. The judging method of the over line stoppage property of the double-circuit line with the paralleling reactor comprises respectively collecting voltage UIi of two ends of a first circuit line stoppage phase circuit and voltage UIIj of two ends of a second circuit line stoppage phase circuit; calculating mode voltage Ubeta (t) of a stoppage phase beta according to the voltage UIi of the two ends of the first circuit line stoppage phase circuit and the voltage UIIj of the two ends of the second circuit line stoppage phase circuit; calculating free frequency component amplitude u1 of the mode voltage Ubeta (t) of the stoppage phase beta; calculating a setting valve Udz; and judging whether the free frequency component amplitude u1 is larger than the setting valve Udz or not within first preset time; if the free frequency component amplitude u1 is larger than the setting valve Udz within first preset time, the stoppage circuit is instantaneous stoppage; and if the free frequency component amplitude u1 is smaller than the setting valve Udz within the first preset time, the stoppage circuit is permanent stoppage. The judging method and the device of the over line stoppage property of the same pole double-circuit line with the paralleling reactor are capable of judging the over line property of the same pole double-circuit line with the paralleling reactor.


The paper examines the velocity and heat transfer on unsteady natural convection flow through a vertical porous channel filled with porous materials under the effect of thermal radiation. The study considered the fluid flow to be through an infinite vertical porous channel filled with porous materials and the energy equation in the flow model is examined using non-linear Rosseland heat diffusion.  The partial differential equations associated with the flow formation are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity variables and the resulting ODEs are solved by Adomian decomposition method (ADM). Finally, the results are presented on graphs as velocity and temperature profiles for various values of the controlling physical parameters involved in the problem. In the course of investigation, it was found that; the fluid velocity increases with increase in thermal radiation and Darcy number and the fluid temperature was seen to increase with increase in thermal radiation.


Abstract: This research aims to pave the way for using translanguaging as communicative and pedagogical strategy where Portuguese and Xichangana are spoken. In order to achieve this aim, we have posed this question, as follow: how can the use of translanguaging in context where Portuguese and Xichangana are spoken impact the teaching and learning of English? This is a qualitative research based on non-structured interviews and classroom observations, analysing data collected at Xikanyanini Secondary School, which involved 3 teachers, one school manager and 36 students. The results show that the use of translanguaging makes learning and teaching process of English dynamic, flexible, participative and interactive


This paper describes recent advances in the generation of millimeter and terahertz waves based on photonic techniques, which provides low-phase noise, wide frequency tunability, and high output power. Basic component technologies such as an optical frequency comb generator, photonic light-wave circuits for signal processing, and antenna-integrated photodiode modules, and their applications to high-performance measurement and communications are presented.


The coherence function was measured from two sampled jet noise signals, one from a stationary microphone and the other from a circumferentially moving microphone. The coherence function was then expanded in a Fourier series with respect to the azimuthal angle. For an axisymmetric circular jet the Fourier coefficients thus obtained are equivalent to the power spectral density of the individual azimuthal constituents of the fluctuating pressure in the radiated field. It was found that for Strouhal numbers less than 1.0, the radiated sound is composed of only a small number of azimuthal components. For higher frequencies, nonaxisymmetric components are predominant. The prediction method for single‐azimuth‐frequency components proposed by Chan [Y. Y. Chan, AIAA J. 12 (2) (1974)] based on the spectral theory of Michalke has been further developed for the present study. [Work supported by NASA.]


In this chapter, the monitoring of the electrical activity of skeletal muscles is depicted. The main components of the detection and conditioning of the EMG signals is explained in the sense of the biomedical instrumentation. But, first, a brief description of EMG generation is introduced. The hardware components of the general instrumentation system used in the acquisition of EMG signal such as amplifier, filters, analog-to-digital converter are discussed in detail. Subsequently, different types of electrodes used in different EMG techniques are mentioned. Then, various EMG signals that can be detected and monitored via EMG systems are described and their clinical importance is discussed with detail. Finally, different EMG techniques used in clinical studies and their purposes are explained with detail.


Ten advanced genotypes of cotton viz.,FH-115,FH-2007,VH-148, NIAB-884, FH-113, CIM-534, CIM-496, CIM-707, MJ-6 and MJ-7 during 2005 and in addition of the above three advanced lines viz. MJ-8, NIBGE-4 and NIBGE-115 were sown during 2006 to determine the effect of different dates of sowing on the larval population of Helicoverpa armigera (Hb.) and infestation to the fruiting bodies. Genotypes did not show significant difference regarding larval population per plant and infestation percentage of fruiting bodies during 2005 and 2006. Number of eggs per plant during 2006 showed significant difference among genotypes. NIAB884 showed maximum number of eggs plant -1 (0.10) while the minimum (0.10 plant -1 ) on NIBGE-115. Averaging the number of eggs in two years early sown cotton (April 05) showed maximum eggs (0.16 plant -1 ), larval population (0.05plant -1 ), square (0.16%) and boll infestation (0.07%) as compared to late sown crop (June 20), 0.06 plant -1 , 0.001 plant -1 , 0.04% and 0.00%, respectively.