Balanced Scorecard (BSC) implementation in performance management system of public institution is an interesting phenomenon, because it shows how public sector begin to concern about improving their performance. Unavoidable pressure from both external and internal organization has demanded public institution to achieve their goals and objectives. As one promising performance management tools, BSC was originally designed for the private sector institution, but later gaining its popularity among the public institutions. How well BSC can be implemented is possibly determined by some Critical Success Factors (CSFs). This study tried to examine some CSFs in the BSC implementation in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MoFA) Indonesia using a qualitative study with an interactive model by Miles at al. (2013). Based on the interview and documentation data from MoFA Indonesia, BSC implementation has brought changes in the MoFA's performance, although there was no organizational changes for BSC adaptation. Top and middle management attention for the implementation and training and education are the most determining factors in the BSC implementation in MoFA. This study support the importance of the four CSFs examined in this study in implementing BSC in public sector.


Abstract – Graph colouring has been applied in various problems. Graph colouring in particular vertex colouring is also applicable for arranging seat location. The arranging of seat location in many events is very concerned. Because it can avoiod rottenness that possibly happen. Vertex colouring for arranging seat location is started with representating participant's seat as vertex and participant's seat that adjacent with right or left or front or behind it is connected by edge, so that participant's seat which adjacent is not placed by participant's from the same school. Greedy algorithm will be used in this arranging of seat location that applied later in Microsoft Visual Basic 6.0 software. From the testing of  program obtained that the program of arranging seat location has made exact solution where participant's from the same school is not adjacent sit. Keywords – Vertex colouring, Arranging seat location, Greedy algorithm


Mixed hp-Finite Element Methods for Incompressible Flow -M. Ainsworth, P. Coggins, and B. Senior Adaptive Finite Element Methods for Optimization Problems -R. Becker, H. Kapp and R. Rannacher Variational PDE Models and Methods for Image Processing -P. Blomgren, T. F. Chan, P. Mulet, L. Vese, and W.L. Wan Interacting with the Subgrid World -F. Brezzi The Computing Power of Geometry -F. Chaitin-Chatelin Numerical Approximation of Vortex Density Evolution in a Superconductor -C.M.Elliott and V.M.Styles Krylov Subspace Methods for Radial Basis Function Interpolation -A.C. Faul and M.J.D. Powell A Homotopy Method for Mixed Complementarity Problems Based on the PATH Solver -M. Ferris, T. S. Munson, and D. Ralph Energy Conservation by Stormer-Type Numerical Integrators -E. Hairer and Ch. Lubich New Results on FETI Methods for Elliptic Problems with Discontinuous Coefficients -A. Klawonn and O. B. Widlund The Search for Good Polynomial Interpolation Points on the Sphere -I. H. Sloan and R. S. Womersley Gramian Based Model Reduction of Large-Scale Dynamical Systems -P. Van Dooren Solving Data Fitting Problems in lp Norms with Bounded Uncertainties in the Data -G. A. Watson


THE world of infectious diseases and malnutrition centers strongly in the developing countries. Physicians of North America and western Europe appreciate that differences in disease behavior exist but tend to view that fact abstractly; or influenced by personal experience, as a concern at least remote and even inconsequential. Death rates are higher in the developing regions, and infections predominate among leading causes of death. Nutritional surveys show startling differences in intake of calories, protein and of other principal nutrients. What is grossly unappreciated is the result when the two conditions exist together, when malnutrition and infectious disease prevail in high degree in the same general region. The grandfathers of present-day practitioners would have understood the situation, for three generations ago conditions in the now industrialized countries of the world were much the same as they are today in less privileged areas. An improved environmental sanitation, better medical care, and an expanded economy have contributed to the change. The interaction of nutrition and infection is far less evident, even insignificant from a community standpoint, and yet in many parts of the world it continues to be of major importance. The combined effect when the two conditions are present in the same individual is more than additive. A synergism exists, with consequences more serious than predictable from either disease occurring alone. Infections precipitate acute nutritional disease in children already malnourished. Infections themselves are rendered more severe by a resistance lessened by malnutrition.1 The person most affected is the child less than five years old. In most developing countries children are breastfed well into the second year of life and often during the third year. Weaned from the breast-and of necessity subsisting on a predominantly starchy, adult type of diet-young children proceed in large proportion to varying degrees of malnutrition with an accompanying inhibition of growth and development. Breast milk alone fails to provide sufficient calories and protein beyond six months, and supplements are commonly


Abstract The firm of Fratelli Alinari holds a unique place in the Italian history of photography in that it has operated continuously since 1854, covering a wide range of photographic activity from the reproduction of works of art to the documentation of Italian scenery and costumes.


Two independent methodsareusedto evaluatetheprotein-coding informationcontentindifferentclassesofDNAsequences. Thefirstmethodallowsto evaluatethestatistical relevanceof finding unidentified readingframes,longerthan100codons, on bothDNA strandsof: a) 117DNA sequencesthatcodefor 142nuclearproteins;b) 39 stableRNA codingsequencesandc)36otherDNAsequences whichincluderegulatory and as yetunknownfunctionsequences. The findingof 50 readingframeslonger than100codons(complementary invertedproteinsor c.i.p.genes)locatedon theDNA strandcomplementary to theprotein-coding one is drastically in excessof thenumberpredicted bychancealone. An independent method(testcode) appliedto c.i.p.genesequences, which assignstheprobability of codingto a givensequence,predictsthatmore than50%ofthesegenesaretranslated ina functional product. Theseanalysesindicatetheexistenceof a new classof protein-coding genes,locatedon the DNA sequencescomplementary to the protein-coding DNAstrand.


The shooting and bouncing ray (SBR) method is a general and efficient estimation method for calculating the radar scattering cross-section of complex targets of electric universities. In this paper, the SBR method is used to analyze the distortion of the far-field directional map of the electric large platform antenna, and the far-field magnitude at each target observation angle is obtained by invoking the ray-tracking module's ray magnitude tracking and ray phase tracking for calculation, then the antenna far-field is quickly calculated by collecting the field strength contribution of the rays at each target observation angle. This method overcomes the problem that needs to consume huge memory and computation time, and avoids the calculation frequency changes due to the algorithm and requires recalculation. The method was compared with a Cassegrain antenna excited by an 18 GHz horn antenna, and it was concluded that SBR greatly improved the computational efficiency of the antenna far field.


We consider the deployment of an energy harvesting (EH) cooperative jammer (CJ) to increase the security of a three-terminal wiretap channel with a passive eavesdropper, all users being equipped with multiple antennas. We first investigate the optimal offline EH CJ policy with complete non-causal information of energy arrivals and changes in channel state and show that it has an efficiently-computable global optimum. Subsequently, an online CJ policy with causal side information and probabilistic energy constraints is presented and transformed into a conservative convex program with deterministic constraints. The impact of CJ on the secrecy rate of the MIMO wiretap channel is also quantified. Numerical examples for a range of energy arrival and array parameters show that EH cooperative jammers are generally effective in augmenting the security of the wiretap channel.


Prestressed concrete is one of the most important construction materials. It is being used in all sots of small to big structures like, railway sleepers, buildings, nuclear reactors, bridges etc. In prestressed concrete high tensile strength steel bars are used which are called tendon or prestressing cable. Friction between the cable and the duct causes loss of prestressing force which will affect stress distribution. For analysis purpose cable are modeled by parabola but this approach has two major problems. To overcome these, in this study prestressing cable is modeled by B-spline curve. In a computer based analysis, error is caused due to various sources like input data, truncation or rounding-off. To minimize errors high precision are employed in computing. But it comes on the cost of high computational time. It has been observed, there exist sets of input parameters for which errors are irrespective of precision. In this paper Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of one and five span prestressed concrete beams are carried out considering single and double precision. Effects of Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio are studied in terms of errors in stresses and deflections and effect of friction has been accounted. Guidelines are suggested to select input parameters for minimum errors for single precision Finite Element Analysis.


To describe the growth dynamics of fetuses with initial fetal growth restriction (FGR) later outgrowing the 10th centile for estimated fetal weight with respect to perinatal outcomes and maternal factors.


The invention discloses a protocol consistency testing method and a protocol consistency testing system. The method comprises that: the testing system acquires a plurality of test executes corresponding to a plurality of systems under test according to correspondence between the systems under test and the test executes; and the testing system performs a protocol consistency test in parallel on the plurality of systems under test by utilizing the plurality of test executes. By the technical scheme provided by the invention, the testing efficiency is greatly improved; and the parallel testing method has high system extensibility.


Abstract The crystal structure of Cu-bearing zinkenite from Saint-Pons (Alpes Maritimes department, France), having idealized chemical composition Cu0.7Pb9.7Sb21.3S42, has been studied. It has a pronounced hexagonal sub-cell, with unit-cell parameters a=22.1219(11), c=4.3207(3) Å, V=1831.2(2) Å3, space group P63, Z=1. The sub-cell crystal structure was refined to R1=0.072 on the basis of 3905 reflections with Fo>4σ(Fo) and 133 refined parameters. It can be described as formed by one kind of rod, with walls of columns of (Pb/Sb)-centered polyhedra flanking both the rods and the sites located along the 63 screw axis. Minor Cu is hosted in the tetrahedral voids between the rods and the walls of polyhedra. Alternatively, the crystal structure of zinkenite can be described as formed by trigonal rods, delimited by lone electron-pair micelles, and tunnels hosting (Pb/Sb) atoms. The occurrence of weak superstructure reflections points to a triclinic unit cell with parameters a=38.271(2), b=22.1219(13), c=8.6475(5) Å, α=89.931(3), β=90.030(3), γ=89.957(3)°, V=7323.6(7) Å3, space group P1, Z=4. The twin laws making the twin lattice hexagonal have been taken into account and the crystal structure has been solved and refined. Notwithstanding the very low R1 value (R1=0.038 on the basis of 22563 reflections with Fo>4σ(Fo) and 1194 refined parameters), several shortcomings, mainly due to the low diffraction quality of the available crystals, allow only the description of the main structural features of the superstructure of zinkenite, indicating the correctness of the triclinic model hypothesized by previous authors.


Secondary Principals Who Are Mothers: Balancing Home and Career by Turina Parker M.S., University at Albany, State University of New York, 2006 M.S., University at Albany, State University of New York, 2003 B.A, University of Albany, State University of New York, 2001 Doctoral Study Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of


Planned obsolescence is one of a company's strategies in relation to its product. It happens in three ways: (1) the company shortens the life span of the product; (2) the repair of the product is made too expensive, and therefore the consumer decides to buy a new one; and (3) the company introduces better models. Planned obsolescence is often assessed as unethical behavior, contrary to the idea of sustainable development. In this article, I present the problem of planned obsolescence and then explain that this phenomenon brings not only losses to the consumer, but also benefits.


With the E-Rate being so successful, schools nationwide are turning to online solutions. Teachers are finding a wealth of resources to enhance their curriculum. More students than ever before are being exposed to the Internet in the classroom. Administrators are employing innovative technology to secure and run schools more efficiently. Bearing all that in mind, in this month's Focus On we will introduce you to some products that promote Internet and network safety. From Webroot Software Inc., WinGuardian promotes proper, responsible use of the Internet. "The software does not censor or block access to Web sites. Instead, it can either run hidden or display a warning message to the user that they are being monitored," says Steve Thomas, president of Webroot Software. Items monitored include keystrokes, chat room dialogue, programs used and sites visited on the Internet. It also captures screen shots of what users have been viewing. Schools or Libraries may wish to display a warning or acceptable use policy message when the Internet is accessed. Students must click on "Agree" before they are allowed to go any further. Another function of WinGuardian reports Internet use to a designated e-mail so that teachers or parents can monitor children as they browse. At pre-determined intervals snapshots are taken and stored as a graphic file in order to review what an Internet user has been viewing. WinGuardian is designed to run on Windows 95, 98 and NT. The latest version, WinGuardian 2.0, can support AOL Clients. We would like to give credit to Webroot Software for an unique approach to safe Internet practice. Granted the freedom to visit any site, WinGuardian still compels users to be responsible. More along the line of security, On Guard, by Power On Software, Inc., is a software solution for desktop security in multiple user environments. With On Guard, users cannot rename, copy, or delete files or folders. Moreover, it prohibits users to enter into sensitive areas of the system where common errors are said to cause most malfunctions. You can establish levels of security throughout the network so authorized users can access certain data. On Guard reports and prevents attempts to access secured programs or data. Both Windows and Macintosh Operating Systems alike will have a simple interface. On the hardware side, Log-On Data Corp. offers its X-Stop series with MudCrawler service. X-Stop R2000, for example, is a "plug and block" device. You simply plug it in and get a stand-alone server that requires no programming or modification to your existing infrastructure. Block mode thwarts Web and file transfers that lead to pornographic or offensive sites. Or, you can monitor search engines, e-mail, Real Audio, Real Video, and other selected services and newsgroup traffic of incoming and outgoing material. If any material matches an item on the blocked list, X-Stop prohibits further action. The e-mail filter prevents offensive e-mail from entering the system, and lets you redirect offensive outgoing material to an administrator for review. Depending on the number of users in your network, there are four X-Stop solutions from which to choose. For example, Microsoft Proxy server users would install X-Stop Loadable Modules (XLMs) to one PC to control the entire network. X-Stop also provides detailed reports of Internet sites visited by your users, including a record of attempted entry into offensive sites that are predetected by downloading the MudCrawler Service. You decide which subjects to ban in the list of offensive or irrelevant sites, which MudCrawler updates every day. Another server-based Internet filtering solution is WebSENSE, compatible with a broad variety of operating systems and environments such as Windows, Apple Macintosh and Novell. This product allows organizations to control who has unrestricted access to materials on the Internet. A teacher may visit blocked sites within categories by using a password. …


The utility model belongs to a liquid viscosity measuring device, and is mainly used for viscosity measurement in the high pressure heating process of the viscous liquid, such as oil coal pulp, heavy oil pulp, asphalt, etc., in the field of coal chemical industry and petrochemical industry. The viscometer is mainly composed of a pressure system, a heating system, a viscosity measuring system and a magnetic stirring system. The utility model has the independent stirring system, can effectively prevent the unstable fluid of oil coal pulp, etc. from depositing in the intermittent periods of heating and measuring, is particularly suitable for measuring the viscosity of pulp state liquid in a high pressure hydrogen atmosphere, and has the advantages of high safety, simple structure, convenient operation, high accuracy and good repeatability. The utility model can realize no-leakage measurement in the conditions of pressure of 0 to 20 Mpa and temperature of room temperature to 500 DEG C.


The analysis has been made for the method of test for course of college physical experiment.This article indicates that the method of test affects the learning way and activity.And it also affects the effect of learning for the course and the marks of students.


This article constructs a model of algerbra to locate the hole in a object. It picks up the line which has the holes with matrix, and the point of infersection is the place of the holes.


The quantum-mechanical behavior of charge carriers at the polysilicon/oxide interface is investigated. It is shown that a dark space depleted of free carriers is created at the interface as a consequence of the abrupt potential energy barrier, which dominates the polysilicon capacitance and voltage drop in all regions of operation of modern MOS devices. Quantum-mechanical effects in polysilicon lead to a reduction in the gate capacitance in the same way as substrate quantization, and to a negative voltage shift, which is opposed to the positive shift caused by carrier quantization in the channel. Effects on the extraction of device physical parameters such as oxide thickness and polysilicon doping are also addressed.


Little is known about dark matter particles save that their most important interactions with ordinary matter are gravitational and that, if they exist, they are stable, slow moving and relatively massive. Based on these assumptions, a semiclassical approximation to the Schrodinger equation under the action of a Coulomb potential should be relevant for modelling their behaviour. We investigate the semiclassical limit of the Schrodinger equation for a particle of mass M under a Coulomb potential in the context of Nelson's stochastic mechanics. This is done using a Freidlin-Wentzell asymptotic series expansion in the parameter ϵ=ħ/M for the Nelson diffusion. It is shown that for wave functions ψ ∼ exp((R + iS)/ϵ2) where R and S are real valued, the ϵ = 0 behaviour is governed by a constrained Hamiltonian system with Hamiltonian Hr and constraint Hi = 0 where the superscripts r and i denote the real and imaginary parts of the Bohr correspondence limit of the quantum mechanical Hamiltonian, independent of Nels...


In ejective consonants the airflow generating the sound comes from raising the larynx with the glottis closed. This pistonlike action only moves a small volume of air. Ejective constants are usually stops, and raising the larynx provides sufficient pressure for a salient burst. A handful of languages are described as having ejective fricatives, but how can one sustain a continuant, such as a fricative, using the ejective mechanism? Two languages reported to have sounds of this type are Tlingit (Na‐Dene) and Yapese (Austronesian). Acoustic and aerodynamic data on the fricatives in these languages have been collected in recent fieldwork. This demonstrates two different solutions to the problem of combining glottal closure and frication. Tlingit has genuine ejective fricatives, glottal closure overlaps the entire frication duration, and intraoral pressure reaches a higher peak but for a shorter duration than in a pulmonic fricative. The duration of frication appears to be prolonged by narrowing the constrict...


Purpose: To evaluate changes in corneal biomechanics after myopic Lasik and the correlation between corneal biomechanics and preoperative degree of refractive error, pachymetry and ablation depth. Methods: A 42 eyes of 23 myopic patients undergoing Lasik were evaluated using ocular response analyzer (ORA) assessing corneal biomechanics (corneal hysteresis "CH" and corneal resistance factor "CRF") pre-Lasik, 1 month and 6 months after Lasik. Manifest refraction spherical equivalent (MRSE), central corneal thickness (CCT) and ablation depth were also recorded. Changes in corneal hysteresis (CH) and corneal resistance factor (CRF) were evaluated for correlation to pre-operative patient measurements'. Results: The preoperative mean CH and CRF (11.0 ± 1.0mmHg and 10.1 ±0.9mmHg) respectively. Significant decrease in CH and CRF occurred at 1 month postoperatively (mean CH 9.1 ± 1.1 and mean CRF 8.7± 1.0) as well as 6 months postoperatively (mean CH 9.3 ± 1.1 and mean CRF 8.8 ±0.9). The decrease in CH and CRF is strongly correlated to preoperative manifest refraction (r=–0.86, p<0.001). The decrease is not correlated to age or preoperative CCT. Conclusions: Assessing preoperative corneal biomechanics is important in every Lasik candidate as predictable decrease in their values occur depending on manifest refraction. The characterization of corneal biomechanical properties may become a useful tool for assessing refractive surgery qualification and outcomes thus preventing corneal ectasia.


INTRODUCTION
This retrospective clinical study was carried out on patients with suspected inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) at Siriraj Hospital during 1997-2001. The authors investigated 114 patients by quantitative plasma amino acid analysis.

OBJECTIVE
The objective of this study was to collect and analyze epidemiologic and specific clinical data of IEM, especially in small-molecule diseases.

MATERIAL AND METHOD
All patients were categorized into 2 major groups. 1) positive diagnoses for IEM 2) negative diagnoses for IEM. The two groups were investigated, studied including statistical analysis.

RESULTS
The authors found that most IEM ascertained through plasma amino acid analysis were small-molecule diseases (74.3%) and amino acid disorders consisted of the most frequent disorders. The presented data demonstrated that the ratio of positive diagnoses to all patients studied was 1:8. Epidemiological data showed there were more male than female patients. Onset of diseases occurred predominantly during the first month of age, and was rarely found after 3 years of age. There were histories of consanguinity in half of the IEM patients. The most common presenting symptom was acute metabolic encephalopathy and specific signs for small-molecule disorders included hepatomegaly, unusual urine odor, acidosis, hyperammonemia, alteration of consciousness, and ketosis/ketonuria. These signs or symptoms indicated further metabolic investigations.

CONCLUSION
Comparison of the data from Thailand with other countries showed both similarities and differences to the Caucasian population. Thus, further studies in IEM are much needed for the Thai population.


The present research is intended as a contribution to the knowledge and understanding of drug dependence through a descriptive analysis of the social representations that psychologist have that are inserted in programs of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation of drug consumption. It involves, as well, the representations that are developed of the addicted subjects undergoing drug treatment. The problem lies in the fact that drug addiction not only has become a question of mental health, but of citizen security, which gives the drug addict a double connotation: that of patient and delinquent. This cultural arbitrary concept of the addict lies within tjhe terapeutic context. For this reason it is possible that the practice of prevention, treatment and rehabilitation exerted by psychologists, respond to the social connotation of the addicted subject.


Fifty-eight human thyroid glands obtained at autopsy from fetuses with proven retrosternal thymus were systematically studied for the presence of intrathyroidal thymic tissue. The latter was found in one thyroid lobe in each of three fetuses (5.1%). It was located in a subcapsular position in two cases (3.4%) and lying deep in thyroid tissue in one (1.7%). Our findings would support a IV-V pharyngeal pouch origin for some accessory thymic tissue and would provide an explanation of the histogenesis of intrathyroid thymomas.


Adaptedness of Individuals and of PopDistribution and Behavior of Supernumerary ulations, T. DOBZHANSKY, 121 Chromosomes During Microsporogenesis in American Society of Naturalists, Secretary's a Population of Trillium erectum, L. A. H. Report, 1951, 57 SPARROW, V. POND and R. C. SPARROW, Amoeboid Slime Molds, Pattern of Differentia277 tion in, J. T. BONNER, 79 DOBZHANSKY, T., Two Recent Versions of ANDERSON, T. F., Stereoscopic Studies of Eugenics, 61; Adaptedness of Individuals Cells and Viruses in -Electron Microscope, and of Populations, 121 91 Drosophila, Contrasting Types of Population Anthocyanin Formation in Maize, Effect of Structure in, H. L. CARSON, 239 Bronze Locus on, M. M. RHOADES, 105 DUNN, L. C., and W. C. MORGAN, JR., Aridity as Stimulus to Plant Evolution, G. I. Mutable Locus in Wild Populations of STEBBINS, JR., 33 House Mice, 321 ARONSON, L. R., and E. CLARK, Evidences of Ambidexterity and Laterality in the Ecological Barriers, H. P. RILEY, 23 Sexual Behavior of Certain Poeciliid ELIAS, H., Hepatic Venous Throttle MusculaFishes, 161 ture, 119 AUERBACH, C., Mutation Tests on D. melaEugenics, Two Recent Versions of, T. nogaster with Aqueous Solutions of FormDOBZHANSKY, 61 aldehyde, 330 EVANS, F. C., and F. E. SMITH, Intrinsic Rate of Natural Increase for the Human BARIGOZZI, C., and L. SEMENZA, Biology Louse, Pediculus humanus L., 299 and Chromosome Cycle of Aphiochaeta Evolution under Domestication, P. C. xanthina sp., 123 MANGELSDORF, 65 Biochemical Nature of Morphogenetic PatFALCONER, D. S., Problem of Environment terns in Blastocladiella, E. C. CANTINO, and Selection, 293


Purpose – to illuminate general principles of increasing the level of information security as a part of building information communication strategy in health care. Materials and methods : analytical, bibliosemantical, the method of systematic approach. Results . Analysis of the information and communication technologies used in healthcare of Ukraine, found imperfect information and communication policy aimed at clarifying the goals, objectives and performance expectations of health, inadequate and insufficient awareness, health professionals and health managers at different levels. Conclusions . Reasonably approximate the general principles of increasing the level of information security as an integral part of building the information communication strategy in healthcare.


This document describes simulated turbine load cases in accordance to the IEC 61400-1 Ed.3 standard, which is representative of the typical wind turbine design process. The information presented herein is intended to provide a broad understanding of the gearbox reliability collaborative 750kW drivetrain and turbine configuration. In addition, fatigue and ultimate strength drivetrain loads resulting from simulations are presented. This information provides the bases for the analytical work of the gearbox reliability collaborative effort.


In June, 1889, I had the honour of communicating a paper to the Royal Society, which appeared subsequently in the 'Philosophical Transactions' for 1890. In this paper it was shown that the volumes of air breathed to form in the body and expire a given weight of carbonic acid exhibited a distinct tendency to fall with a local subsidence of atmospheric pressure, and vice versã. Since then an additional series of experiments, to which my present assistant, Mr. E. Russell, kindly submitted, confirmed this result. Fifteen experiments were made from 0 to 2 hours after a meal, and fifteen also from 2 to 4 hours after a meal.


Scale spaces allow us to organize, compare and analyse differently sized structures of an object. In this work, we present and compare five ways of discretizing the Gaussian scale-space: sampling Gaussian distributions; recursively calculating Gaussian approximations; using Splines; approximating by first-order generators; and finally, by a new method we call "Crossed Convolutions".


Trans adolescents who are denied puberty-blocking treatment (PBT) by unsupportive parents can—and often do—suffer devastating psychological and physical harms. In their insightful article, Maura Pr...


Catz A, Bluvshtein V, Korczyn AD, Pinhas I, Gelernter I, Nissel T, Vered Y, Bornstein NM, Akselrod S: Modified cold pressor test by cold application to the foot after spinal cord injury: suggestion of hemodynamic control by the spinal cord. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2007;86:875–882. Objective:Study hemodynamic responses to cold application to the foot (CAF) to explore the autonomic cardiovascular control by the spinal cord. Design:Controlled experimental study. Hemodynamic variables were measured or calculated for 13 healthy subjects, 10 patients with traumatic T4–T6 paraplegia, and 11 patients with traumatic C4–C7 tetraplegia. Subjects were continuously monitored for heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), and cerebral blood-flow velocity (CBFV) from 5 mins before to 5 mins after 40–120 secs of CAF by ice water foot immersion. The recorded signals were digitized online and analyzed offline in the time and frequency domains. Results:During CAF, HR increased in the control group but decreased in patients (P < 0.001). BP increased significantly in the control and tetraplegia groups (P < 0.001) and nonsignificantly in the paraplegia group. HR and BP spectral components (LF, HF, LF/HF) did not change significantly. CBFV increased significantly in the patient groups (P < 0.05) but not in the control subjects. The cerebrovascular resistance increased significantly in the control and tetraplegia groups (P < 0.001), but not in the paraplegia group. Conclusions:The findings support the presence of hemodynamic autonomic control by the spinal cord and show that responses to CAF can be used to assess its integrity.


Oxidation of a-hydroxy acids, viz. glycolic, lactic and mandelic acids by potassium nitrosodisulphonate (PNDS) in aqueous acetate medium of pH 6.5 shows first order dependence on [PNDS] and fractional order dependence on [a-hydroxy acid]. Under the experimental conditions PNDS has been found to be quite stable. However, the little self-decomposition of PNDS found on standing for longer periods has been prevented by the addition of sulphamate ion. Increase in ionic strength of the medium has no effect on the rate of oxidation. Decrease in dielectric constant of the medium increases the reaction rate. The absorption spectrum of PNDS in the presence of a-hydroxy acid shows a shift of "-max by 10 nm indicating the formation of adduct between PNDS and hydroxy acid. The mechanism proposed involves, a fast pre-equilibrium step leading to the formation of an adduct. The adduct disproportionates in a slow rate-determining step generating an intermediate radical. This radical reacts with another molecule of PNDS yielding the product. The equilibrium constant (K) and disproportionation constant (k)are calculated from the derived rate law. The activation parameters for the disproportionation of the adduct and thermodynamic parameters for the formation of the adduct are calculated. Mandelic acid reacts faster than glycolic or lactic acids as a result of the stabilisation of the intermediate radical R-C(OH)-COOH.


Rural community is an effective place to resolve the problem of left-behind children, women and elderly. At the country level, the construction of rural community is advanced slowly. The main reason is the concern that project companies have over financing risks under construction. This issue was approached in this paper from the project company's perspective. Firstly, the in-company and external surroundings were analyzed in SWOT, presenting four financing strategies that corresponded to the four stages of rural community construction. Secondly, we introduced the project company's financing capacity and fund demand at each construction stage. The third section was related to the compositions of and the factors influencing the capital structure. Fourthly, the authors established a decision-making index system and set up the decision-making model of the capital structure.


Stroke is the third most prevalent cause of death and disability worldwide. Ischemic stroke (IS) accounts for 80% of all strokes, 70% of all acute cerebrovascular diseases, and is the most frequent acute neurological disorder. Its incidence is 14 cases/10000 population/year, and 25% of IS occur in working-age people. Only 1/3 of all stroke patients reach full social and professional reintegration, whereas the remainder die or invalid. Yet there is no efficient therapy against IS [5]. IS is mainly caused by intracranial thrombosis or extracranial embolism. It is characterized by a sudden loss of circulation to an area of the brain where crucial artery is narrowed or blocked, resulting in an oxygen cutoff to the brain and corresponding loss of the latest neurological function. The disruption of blood flow to a portion of the brain induces an ischemic cascade, leading to the death of neurons and cerebral infarction. Within minutes of a stroke, an initial cell death zone is surrounded by additional damaged and dying cells forming an ischemic penumbra. This process can continue for hours and days leading to irreversible brain damage. The existence of the ischemic penumbra, a potentially salvageable tissue around a core of irreversibly damaged cells, is a central concept of acute IS therapy, which primary goal is to prevent this not yet irreversibly damaged tissue from proceeding towards infarction, that is to reduce the final size of infarction [17].


We have measured the NEXAFS spectrum and the relative photoionization cross section of the 3d spin–orbit components of the barium atom in the energy range up to 50 eV above the ionization threshold. As in Xe and Cs, also in barium the two spin–orbit components show strongly different energy dependence. A strong enhancement of the 3d5/2 cross section near the 3d3/2 ionization threshold, which is attributed to interchannel coupling, is observed. The experimental results are in good agreement with the relativistic time-dependent density functional theory calculations.


The present study focuses on newer biocoagulants, bioformulations, and the understanding of coagulant behavior with biocoagulants in relation to chemical coagulants. Newer biocoagulants, seeds of Azadirachta indica (AI) and pads of Acanthocereus tetragonus, are discussed along with two known biocoagulants, Moringa oleifera and Cicer arietinum seeds. Dye removal studies were carried out using widely reported Congo red dye to facilitate easy comparison with other conventional coagulants and the effect of various parameters such as initial dye concentration, pH, coagulant dose, etc. are discussed in detail. The use of biocoagulant was found to be highly effective, and up to 99% dye removal was achieved for coagulant doses in the range of 300–1500 mg/L. It was also observed that coagulation is pH sensitive, similar to chemical coagulants. Although the biocoagulant dose is relatively higher than the conventional chemical coagulants, a good value for the sludge volume index, ∼50 mL/g for 1 h and 30 min, respect...


The ultrasonic extraction conditions of forchlorfenuron(CPPU) and gibberellin acid(GA3) were investigated using jujubes(Ziziphus jujuba cv.Huizao and Junzao) in Xinjiang.The effects of extraction solvent,extraction time,extraction temperature,solid-liquid ratio,extraction times and extraction power on extraction rate of CPPU and GA3 were analyzed,respectively.The results showed that the optimum extracting conditions were:with extraction solvent using methanol,extraction time of 63 min,temperature at 47 ℃,solid-liquid ratio of 1:12.4,with 3 times and power of 70 W,respectively.The results indicate that the extraction condition can effectively extract CPPU and GA3 in jujube.


This study analyzed the presentations of the deployment of THAAD (Terminal High-Altitude Area Defense) on South Korean territory by conducting a qualitative framing analysis of editorials and columns in The China Daily. This media organ of the Chinese government largely condemned the United States and South Korea as falling captive to the mindset of the Cold War. This antagonistic coverage was surely influenced by the Chinese government, which views the THAAD deployment can damage China's national security interests. The China Daily viewed the United States as a competitor and adversary to China. According to this newspaper, the United States is eager to wage a new Cold War and refuses to consider China as a potential partner in finding a solution to the North Korean crisis. In the opinion pages of The China Daily, Samuel Huntington's "clash of civilization" paradigm is repeatedly invoked as the proper framework through which a globalized world should be viewed.


This is a literature review that was done to try to get an idea about what details are known of the small, transient and hidden phenomenon of partial discharge (PD) in and around the stator insulation systems of high-voltage rotating machines. From searches made on electronic sources (mainly Google Scholar, IEEExplore), then short-listing of results, some twenty papers were found, and some more were found from the citations within these. An example of search terms used, in IEEExplore format, is:


At present,there are many deep problems in the engineering cost management system in our country,which seriously restrict the development of construction industry.As a result,we must innovate the system,establish the supervision and security system of market behavior,improve the qualities of professionals and actively participate in the market competitions to improve the core competences of construction enterprises.


This volume contains a final and revised selection of papers presented at Twelfth Workshop on Developments in Computational Models (DCM 2018) and the Ninth Workshop on Intersection Types and Related Systems (ITRS 2018), held on July 8, 2018 in Oxford, in affiliation with FLOC 2018.


According to Eurostat data, in 2016, one quarter of the population in the European Union is at risk of poverty or social exclusion. Hardest hit are the Balkan countries – Bulgaria, Romania, and Greece. The aim of the chapter is to compare the level of poverty in Bulgaria with that of the other Member States of the European Union. Different indicators of poverty are presented and discussed. A critical analysis is provided for some of the indicators used by the Eurostat and more specifically for their opportunities in comparative analyses.


Sex hormones, especially 17β‐estradiol (E2) and testosterone (TEST), play crucial roles in the oncogenesis and progression of liver cancer via hormone‐related receptors. As women have a lower rate of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) than men, estrogens might attenuate the occurrence and development of HCC. This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects and mechanisms of E2 on TEST‐induced HCC development; the HepG2 cell line was used as an in vitro model. Five endpoints, including cell viability, cell apoptosis, cell cycle, receptor protein expression, and messenger RNA transcription, were investigated. Different roles and the ratios of androgen receptor (AR) and 3 estrogen receptor (ER) subtypes were also estimated. Cell viability assay showed that co‐treatment of E2 and TEST resulted in a significant inhibition of E2‐induced or TEST‐induced cell proliferation. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that combined treatment of E2 and TEST blocked the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase as well as induced cell early apoptosis, characterized by decreased cyclin‐dependent kinase transcription and the ratio of Bcl‐2/Bax. Real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis results further demonstrated that estrogen receptor estrogen receptor α66 (ERα66) and estrogen receptor β (ERβ) were upregulated, whereas AR and estrogen receptor α36 (ERα36) were downregulated, irrespective of whether E2 and TEST were considered separately or together, whereas the combined treatment of E2 and TEST resulted in a decrease in the ERα66/ERβ ratio, the ERα66/ERα36 ratio, and the ERβ/ERα36 ratio, but with an increase in the ERα66/AR ratio, the ERα36/AR ratio, and the ERβ/AR ratio. To sum up, E2 could inhibit TEST‐induced cell proliferation by modulating the ratio of different hormone‐related receptors.


The synthesis of nitrogen heterocycles through condensation of stereoisomeric butane-1,2,3,4-tetramines with aldehydes, and their structure elucidation through spectroscopic methods are described. Significant differences in the products from each of the amines were observed due to differences in the relative stereochemistry of the amines. Molecular mechanics energy calculations when carried out on all possible products from the condensation of both the threo and erythro tetramines with acetaldehyde revealed minimum energy structures that were consistent with those found experimentally. The products were therefore probably the result of thermodynamic control.


Extruder (1), which transferred granular plastic material in melt-shaped state and which has at least one comprising a) cylinder (6), in which a b) the extruder screw (2) rotates, which with a c) the drive unit (3) is connected, characterized in that the drive unit (3) consists of several motors (9) and rotor (8), wherein the axes of rotation of the rotors (8) of at least two motors (9) and the axis of rotation of the extruder screw (2) and the rotors (8) having the same in operation speed and each motor (9) one or more rotors (8) are associated, and provides that the drive unit (3), the torque for the rotational movement of the extruder screw (2).


Purpose: Within the tourism industry, there is a considerable focus on sustainable tourism. One way for tourismservice providers to address these issues and present their sustainability work is thr ...


Article history: Received: 09.09.2020 Accepted: 21.03.2021 Published: 26.03.2021 Abstract The aim of the research was to assess the differentiation of the body structure and the level of motor potential of the athletes practising different disciplines in the field of combat sports in Legion Team Sports Club in Tarnów. The athletes, aged 19-20, with training experience of 3-5 years, were compared in two groups. The first group consisted of athletes practising mixed martial arts, so called MMA, and the other group, of athletes practising Brazilian ju-jitsu, so called BJJ. 30 practitioners were examined. The basic elements of the somatic structure, i.e. body height, body weight, body fat content and BMI were measured and BMI indexes were calculated. Selected manifestations of motor potential were also measured: static balance, plain reaction time to a visual stimulus, trunk flexibility, static strength of forearms, relative strength, explosive strength of lower limbs, MAW, muscle activation speed and resistance of abdominal muscles to fatigue as anaerobic strength. In the course of the analyses it was found that: the body structure of the athletes training in different combat sports sections does not significantly differentiate them. The athletes in both (BJJ and MMA) sections displayed a similar level of the basic somatic build. The level of motor skills in the BJJ and MMA sections significantly differentiated the athletes in these sections in terms of static strength (p = 0.045), relative strength (p = 0.044) and fatigue resistance, i.e. anaerobic strength (p = 0.002). The higher level of these elements of motor skills was demonstrated by the BJJ section athletes.


In this article, we present our own construction process model consisting of 16 stages and eight phases, which is particularly applicable to large investment projects. In the context of each project phase, we examine how the appropriate way of scheduling construction processes affects the problem of the risk of prolonging individual phases and the whole project, as well as of not meeting deadlines (which is one of the main problems faced by management practitioners in the construction industry). There are many methods for assessing risk in this context, but they tend to be overly complex and rarely used by construction practitioners. On the other hand, the risks associated with potential schedule delays can be considered holistically. One tool that can serve this purpose is the combined Monte Carlo simulation and Time-at-Risk (TaR) approach, which originates from the world of finance. We show how the implementation of the process model (individual phases) and the whole project can be considered in the context of the covariance matrix between all its phases and how changes in the arrangement of these phases can affect the risk of time extension of the whole project. Our study is based on simulation data for a large development project (Fort Bema/Parkowo-Leśne housing estate complex) in Bemowo, a district of Warsaw, carried out between 1999 and 2012. The entire investment project involved the construction of almost 120,000 m2 of floor space.


In this study, the mechanical properties of submicrocellular or nanocellular thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) nanocomposite foams were investigated via batch foaming using CO2 as the blowing agent. Cloisite 30B nanoclay (clay 30B) was the nucleation agent. Adding clay 30B and foaming at 60 °C resulted in a nanocellular foam. A cell size of 450 nm and a cell density of 1011 cells/cm3 were obtained. The relative density of the foam was within the range 0.9–0.95. The modulus of the foamed samples was found to be proportional to their relative density regardless of their structure (microcellular/submicrocellular). The results indicated that the modulus of the foamed samples with a cell size larger than 400 nm decreased with foam density. However, to our surprise, although adding only 1 wt % of nanoclay reduced the foam density, an increase in the modulus was observed. In addition, the cells became small and uniform.


. We introduce three classes of analytic functions with fixed second coefficient which are defined using the class P of analytic functions with positive real part. The objective is to determine radii such that the three classes are contained in various subclasses of starlike functions. The radii estimated in the present investigation are better than the radii obtained earlier. Furthermore, connections with previous known results are shown.


Hepatitis A is an infectious disease that has a predilection for the human liver and is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The main mode of transmission of HAV is fecal-oral, by inter-human contact or by contaminated food and water. In this sense, in extreme weather events, when river water flows over the sewage system and septic tanks of dwellings, can hepatitis A contamination increase? Thus, the objective was to understand what is the behavior of case reports of hepatitis A in the years that occur these events in the Legal Amazon. For this, we used the quantitative method with confirmed cases of hepatitis A, from 2014 to 2016 and compared with those affected by events. Almost all Amazon states had more confirmed cases in 2014 and 2015, coincidentally, these were the years most affected by extreme weather events. In addition, the strong positive correlation between confirmed and affected cases occurred in 2014, showing that there was a direct implication of events in the increase of confirmed cases of hepatitis


Eighteen female European eels (4 yellow- and 14 silver-phase) captured in fresh waters and estuaries and fitted with 300 kHz transponding acoustic tags were tracked by sector-scanning sonar in the western North Sea for times up to 58 h and distances up to 136 km. All eels but one were released on the bottom after 1-22 h adaptation in a cage on the sea bed. Tidal currents were recorded continuously at two depths and two locations in the vicinity of tracking of 15 eels, and movements of eels through the water could be calculated by vector subtraction. The four yellow eels generally moved shoreward, while silver eels exhibited shoreward, offshoreward, or along-tide movements. Two silver eels used selective tidal stream transport to move northward, as evidenced by the close match between over-ground distances and calculated tidal excursions on transporting tides, and by the higher positions in the water column on transporting tides. When in midwater, most eels exhibited periods of well oriented directional swimming, showing only modest variation in the directional component of calculated 15-min vectors of swimming through the water. At other times, directions of 15-min vectors were widely scattered, and the eels drifted with the tide. One of the eels using selective tidal stream transport swam in an apparently unoriented manner on four successive transporting tides, but another added well oriented swimming to transport by the tide. Eels in midwater swam at modest mean speeds of 35-58 cm s −1 (0.45-0.75 L s −1 ). Eels were quite mobile vertically both on time scales of hours and of minutes. One clearly showed diel vertical migration, while two others showed the reverse pattern. Eels using selective tidal stream transport timed their vertical movements only imprecisely to times of tidal stream reversal. All 18 eels made contact with the sea bottom (ignoring the release at the bottom) and came near the sea surface during the tracks. Some eels spent most of the time near the surface with frequent descents. Only a few spent much time on or near the bottom, and they made frequent ascents. Some remained mostly in midwater but with ascents and descents from there. Holding the eels in the laboratory and aboard ship prior to tracking makes interpretation of observed movements relative to natural behaviour difficult. However, oriented swimming in midwater is consistent with previous reports in the literature of homing of displaced eels. The use of selective tidal stream transport has not been observed in other studies of adults of the European eel but has been reported in studies of estuarine movements of American eels (Anguilla rostrata).


Conventional standards for bibliography styles entail a forced choice between index and name-year citations and corresponding references. We reject this false dichotomy, and describe a multibibliography, comprising alphabetic, sequenced, and also chronological orderings of references. An extended inline citation format is presented which integrates such heterogeneous styles, and is useful even without separate bibliographies. Richly hyperlinked for electronic browsing, the citations are articulated to select particular bibliographies, and the bibliographies are cross-referenced through their labels, linking among them.


Ln(R) ' Ln+4(R) Ln(R) ' L q n+4(R) Proof. Let C = LMod R . Since C is a stable ∞-category, the suspension functor is an equivalence from C to itself. Let B be the symmetric bilinear functor given by B(M,N) = MorR−R(M ∧ N,R). Then B(ΣM,ΣN) ' Σ−2B(M,N). Here Σ−2B is also a symmetric bilinear functor, where the symmetric group Σ2 acts on B and also on the desuspenion functor Σ −2 by permuting the suspension coordinates. Because the "swap" map on the sphere S = S ∧ S reverses orientation, this second action is nontrivial: it acts by a sign. However, the square of this action is trivial. Consequently, we have a equivalence B(ΣM,ΣN) ' Σ−4B(M,N), compatible with the action of Σ2 (where Σ2 does not act on the desuspension functor Σ −4). Consequently, the double suspension map C→ C determines equivalences (C, Q) ' (C,Σ−4Qs) (C, Q) ' (C,Σ−4Qq).


The aim of this paper is to report on some computations of Hochschild cohomology and fundamental groups of incidence algebras.


Considering the weakness of Unsupervised Discriminant Projection (UDP), a novel feature extraction algorithm, termed Adaptive Supervised Discriminant Projection Analysis (ASDP), is proposed in the paper. The proposed algorithm does not only integrate a kind of dynamic feedback mechanism into construction of scatter matrices but also make full use of the class label information. The experimental results on AR and FERET face databases show the proposed method is more effective than some existing feature extraction methods such as UDP, LDA, etc.


The influence of exercise in combination with an extreme energy deficit on the major signaling pathway that regulates protein synthesis in human skeletal muscle (The Ostersund Study).


Adjustment and posttraumatic disorders are frequent, but except for the posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) only vaguely defined mental disorders. A new subcategory of posttraumatic disorders is the posttraumatic embitterment disorder (PTED). Violation of basic beliefs leads to chronic disorders characterized by intrusive thoughts, hyperarousal, mood impairment, phobia and especially embitterment and aggression. These disorders are difficult to treat because patients often reject and devaluate any help. Therapeutic Approach: This article describes how to treat such disorders by cognitive behavior therapy that focuses on overcoming the critical life event and building new perspectives. Methods applied are reframing, exposition, increase of activities and self efficacy. A new treatment approach is 'Wisdom therapy'. Based on modern wisdom psychology, special interventions are described to enhance change of perspectives, distancing of oneself, empathy, acceptance of emotions, serenity, sense of humor, knowledge about facts, contextualism, value relativism, self relativization, uncertainty acceptance, long-term perspective, reevaluation of problems and goals.


Describes the construction and operation of a preset point contact Josephson junction for use with submillimetre wave lasers. The device has good mechanical stability but cannot be reliably recycled between room and liquid helium temperatures. However, a continuous life of several weeks is readily achieved by using the device in a 251 liquid helium storage vessel. The device has been used as a harmonic mixer and frequency monitor for wavelengths primarily of 0.3 mm and longer, although operation has been observed down to 0.12 mm.


There have been many obituaries for Stuart Hall—the great cultural theorist and public intellectual, who died in February—all remarking on the wider significance of his work and life, especially his unrelenting commitment to social justice and his wonderful humanity. He was successful not only in extending the borders of social science, and cultural studies in particular, but in doing so in such brilliant and accessible ways as to make him possibly the leading public intellectual of the left for some decades. I had the great good fortune to work with him after he joined the Open University in 1979 and to become aware at first hand of the nature and wider significance of his work and life, and of the breadth of his impact. Stuart was in many ways both an iconic and an exemplary figure in social science, especially—but far from exclusively—in the UK, where he worked all his adult life, having arrived as a Rhodes Scholar at Oxford from Jamaica in the early 1950s. His contribution stretched over 50 years and he was still going strong until shortly before his death, with the publication of 'After Neoliberalism: the Kilburn manifesto', which he wrote with Doreen Massey and Mike Rustin and published last April (available online at www.lwbooks.co.uk/journals/soundings/manifesto.html); typically, this was a stringent and original analysis combined with possibilities of alternatives. It is interesting that this work emerged in the aftermath of a massive and qualitative shift in the nature of capitalism that outstrips the boundaries of current theorizing in fundamental respects, for in some ways it mirrors the political earthquakes that emerged at the beginning of his stay in England, brought about by the quasi-simultaneous eruptions of the Suez crisis and the Hungarian revolution—the one with its dramatic signalling of the end of the imperial world and the other with the devastation of the only realistic alternative to capitalism. They changed not just the focus of politics, but that of existing ways of thinking about politics. These crises forced redefinitions of both the foci and nature of left politics in Britain, and it was in this context that new forms and organs of left theorizing quickly emerged—in particular, perhaps, in the form of the New Left Review, whose first 10 issues Stuart edited (often after days of supply teaching). The whole political landscape was transformed, not just with the search for new understandings of politics, but new practices, for instance in the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament, of which Stuart was a prominent member, and increasingly of feminist movements. There was a pervasive but unarticulated sense that programmes based on the idea of 'redistribution' were no longer sufficient in what were seen—and


Iron deficiency anemia is the most prevalent global micronutrient disorder, especially in populations who consume mainly plant‐based diets. Although beans contain a greater amount of iron in comparison to wheat, corn or other staple crops, the bioavailability is often low due to inhibitory factors like polyphenols and phytic acid. Tepary beans (Phaseolus acutifolius) thrive better in arid climates than other beans, making them a suitable crop for expansion into marginal ecological zones with climate change. Iron bioavailability is unknown for many tepary varieties, but proximate analysis shows higher iron content than in most common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) varieties. The study purpose was to determine in vitro iron bioavailability, proximate analysis, polyphenol, and phytic acid content of tepary and common bean varieties. Increased iron bioavailability in a bean with arid climate resiliency can offer a sustainable solution towards reducing iron deficiency anemia in developing countries. Whole seeds of 5 tepary white, 3 tepary brown, 4 black, and 2 pinto bean varieties were analyzed. Polyphenol (PP) and phytic acid (PA) extractions were assessed colorimetrically. Iron concentrations were determined using ICP‐mass spectrometry following a microwave digestion. Iron solubility analysis was completed through in vitro digestion of the cooked beans. Supernatants from the in vitro digestion were used in determining the iron bioavailability through a CaCo‐2 cell culture model. For statistical analysis, results were pooled by tepary white, tepary brown, black bean, and pinto bean. Both tepary white and tepary brown groups showed significant differences in PP content in comparison to the black and pinto (p≤0.05), whereas PA, amongst all groups, showed no significant differences (p>0.05). Iron content ranged from 29.8 μg/g to 78.47 μg/g, with pinto beans having significantly lower iron concentration (mean = 33.64 μg/g). Significant differences in percent solubility were found between the pinto bean and tepary varieties (p≤0.05), but not the black. Iron bioavailability of the tepary white showed a negative correlation with PP content (high iron, low PP). The tepary white showed significantly higher iron bioavailability (p≤0.02) in comparison to both pinto and black beans. Our data suggests that the low PP and PA contributes to higher iron bioavailability in the white varieties of Phaseolus acutifolius. Further studies to replicate these findings are needed, followed by clinical testing of tepary white iron bioavailability in humans.


In real time scenario, searching the content in a document takes time and less research has been done with respect to speech searching. So, in this proposed work these barriers of searching have been tried to be eliminated. In proposed work, effort is being made to search a word in a Punjabi text document using a Punjabi speech corpus with high efficiency searching rate. The speech corpus is a collection of 200 unique words which consist of some commonly used words in daily life and the text document (.txt) consist of total 500 randomly selected sentences which are composed of those common words. An algorithm has been developed for the same which will search a given spoken word in the document and will extract that word wherever it is present and further processing can be done. Moreover, a provision has been made where the frequency of that word has been calculated, which can be used for text as well as sentiment


metric group. A Baire category argument gives measurable sets (AT: y eI r) of finite measure with card(I) c which are independent on the open sets. One approximates (AT: y E r} by arrays of continuous bounded functions with compact support and then scatters these arrays to construct functions {(f: y E r) in CB(G) with a cetain independence property. If G is also amenable as a discrete group, the existence of these independent functions shows that on CB(G) there are 2" mutually singular elements of LIM each of which is singular to TLIM.


One difficult problem facing Si RF devices is substrate loss. Resistors, capacitors, inductors and sub-pm MOSFETs were fabricated and S-parameters for each were measured from 0.1 to 18 GHz. Good matching between measured and modeled S-parameters was obtained. Substrate effects were modeled by the RC shunt to ground from the equivalent circuit model. From matched models, it is found that the inductor is the only device severely degraded by the lossy substrate, and possible solutions including active inductors are examined. debate as to the suitability of integrating high performance MMIC on Si rather than using a hybrid approach [5]. In this paper, we have studied the substrate effect on Si: based RF devices. Resistors, capacitors, inductors and MOSFETs were fabricated and S-parameters for each were measured from 0.1 to 18 GHz. We have also modeled equivalent circuits for each of these RF devices. Good matching between measured and modeled S-parameters was obtained. The substrate effect was then studied using the fitted equivalent circuit models with and without the RC shunt-path to ground. Experimental Procedure Introduction Although excellent high frequency performance has been demonstrated in 111-V devices [1], much attention has been given to Si-based RF devices for both wireless communication and mixed signal products because of lower production costs and large volume manufacturing capability of Si. Moreover, improved noise figure, power-added efficiency and operation frequency have also been reported for Si-MOSFET's [2]-[4] due to the continuously scaling down device size and novel process technology. Theoretically, better power performance can be expected for Si-based devices than for 111-V's because of the higher thermal conductivity of Si. Unfortunately, one of the most difficult problems facing Si-based RF devices is substrate loss. Unlike RF devices on semi-insulating substrates, such as GaAs or InP, the typical resistivity of Si substrates currently used is only 10 ohm-cm. This is 6 to 8 orders of magnitude lower than that of semi-insulating 111-V's. At high frequencies, the leaky Si substrate generates a leaky path to ground which decreases the transmitted FW signal, Q-factor and maximum operation frequency. It is noted that the electromagnetic field can penetrate hundreds of microns into the substrate at the frequencies of interest for wireless communication. Therefore, even devices fabricated on SO1 will not eliminate the substrate loss. At present, there is All the devices were fabricated using standard sub-pm CMOS process technology developed at TI. A. Passive Devices-Inductors, Resistors and Capacitors All passive devices were fabricated on LOCOS isolated field oxide. Typical thickness of the LOCOS oxide is 0.5pm. Inductors were fabricated in a double-level-metal RFCMOS process, with a metal and inter-metal dielectric thickness of 1.2-pm. Resistors were fabricated using the same ion-implanted poly Si used for the NMOS gates. Capacitors were fabricated using titanium-silicided poly and TiN plates, although the series resistance was not optimized for very high Q application. B. Active Devices-MOSFETs N-MOSFETs were studied for RF application because of their superior speed performance. Both 0.47 and 0.29-ym gate lengths are studied here. In order to reduce the gate resistance, multiple gate fingers with gate widths of 4-ym were used [4]. Typical sheet resistances of the salicided gate and sourceldrain regions are -5 Ohm/sq. Typical sourceldrain series resistance is -300 Ohm-pm. The gate oxide thickness is scaled with decreasing gate length in order to ensure higher current drive capability in shorter gate length devices.


Aim at the problem of the elevation transmission in the construction process of the Xiamen Jimei bridge,this paper proposed the method based on BP neural network and constructed the GPS leveling network along the radial of the bridge. Satisfactory results are obtained through the design and solution of the BP neural network. The method has a good reference value for solving similar problems.


Trail cameras are a popular method for determining the presence of species but are fixed in design and have few user-defined parameters. In contrast, closed-circuit television systems (CCTV) allow user choice of the system components and have comprehensive user-defined features. Portable CCTV systems are particularly useful to study species that can be difficult to monitor with trail cameras, such as bats, dormice, and otters. This paper describes portable CCTV systems and illustrates their use with particular respect to these species. The recent development of video content analytics in new CCTV systems dramatically increases the efficiency of video analysis, making CCTV a powerful tool for monitoring a wide range of wildlife.


A signal, which is the sum of an ultrasonic wave echo signal and a group of PPM (pulse-position-modulated) pulses representative of a reference signal, is applied to a cathode ray tube (CRT) and is swept along one axis by a first sweeping signal with a first frequency and along a second axis by a second sweeping signal of lower frequency. The ultrasonic echo signal and the group of PPM pulses are concurrently displayed on the CRT. Ultrasonic wave rate pulses synchronous with the first sweeping signal are applied at the first frequency to an ultrasonic transducer to emit ultrasonic waves which upon receipt are converted to an ultrasonic wave echo signal. A sawtooth wave generator circuit is provided for generating a sawtooth wave with a second frequency n times the first frequency. Here, n is an integer and equal to or larger than 2. The reference signal, such as an electrocardiographic signal, is modulated by the sawtooth wave to produce a train of pulse-position-modulated (PPM) pulses. Electronic circuitry rearranges the PPM pulses produced during a period of the rate pulse to fit within the period of a selected sawtooth wave included in the rate pulse period. The ultrasonic wave echo signal and the PPM pulses representing samples of the reference signal are added and displayed on a cathode ray table to form an M-mode image and a representation of the reference image. For every display of the ultrasonic wave echo signal corresponding to an ultrasonic wave pulse displayed, n PPM pulses representing the reference signal are displayed.


Simplicial sets, and more generally simplicial objects in a given category, are central to modern mathematics. While I am not a mathematical historian, I thought I would describe in conceptual outline how naturally simplicial sets arise from the classical study of simplicial complexes. I suspect that something like this recapitulates the historical development. We have described simplicial complexes in several different forms: abstract simplicial complexes, ordered simplicial complexes, geometric simplicial complexes, ordered geometric simplicial complexes and realizations of geometric simplicial complexes. It is possible to go directly from abstract simplicial complexes to realizations without passing through geometric simplicial complexes, although the construction is perhaps less intuitive. I may describe it later. (I did briefly in class.) An abstract simplicial complex is equivalent to a geometric simplicial complex, and neither of these notions involves anything about ordering the vertices. If one has a simplicial complex of either type, one can choose a partial ordering of the vertices that restricts to a linear ordering of the vertices of each simplex, and this gives the notion of an ordered simplicial complex. This can be done most simply, but not most generally, just by choosing a total ordering of the set of all vertices and restricting that ordering to simplices. We have seen in studying products of simplicial complexes that geometric realization behaves especially nicely only in the ordered setting. Both the category S C of simplicial complexes and the category OS C of ordered simplicial complexes have categorical products. Geometric realization preserves products when defined on OS C , but it does not preserve products when defined on S C . The functor K is best viewed as a functor from the category P of partially ordered sets to the category OS C rather than just to the category S C . The functor X , on the other hand, starts in S C and lands in P, which can be identified with the category of Alexandroff T0-spaces. The composite K X is the barycentric subdivision functor Sd : S C −→ OS C , and since the geometric realization functor gives a space |SdK| that can be identified with |K| there is no loss of topological generality working in OS C instead of S C . The most important motivation for working with ordered rather than unordered simplicial complexes is that the ordering leads to the definition of an associated chain complex and thus to a quick definition of homology. I'll explain that in the talks and add it to the notes if I have time. In the early literature of algebraic topology, a topological space X is called a polyhedron if it is homeomorphic to |K| for a (given) simplicial complex K. Such a homeomorphism |K| −→ X is called a triangulation of X, and X is said to be triangulable if it admits a triangulation. Then we can define the homology of X to be the homology of K. This is a quick definition, and useful where it applies, but


Objective
To investigate the efficacy and safety of single-channel endoscopic nylon rope combined with hemostatic clip suture in the treatment of peptic ulcer and bleeding.

Methods
Patients in our hospital due to peptic ulcer bleeding and hospitalization emergency electronic endoscopy from January 1st, 2001 to July 1st, 2017 were enrolled in the study. They were treated the single-channel endoscopic nylon rope combined with hemostatic clip suture. The basic information, clinical data, surgical records combined and retrospective analysed.

Results
16 patients were included in the study. Among all the patients, peptic ulcer was located in 6 cases of gastric angle, 3 cases of gastric antrum, 3 cases of gastric body, 2 cases of duodenal bulb and stomach. Ulcer maximum 40 mm×25 mm, an average of (23.0±6.0)mm. All ulcer wounds in patients underwent single-channel endoscopic nylon rope combined with hemostatic clip pouch suture were completely closed, including 1 case of duodenal ulcer patients after bleeding, achieved hemostasis successfully when turned into our hospital intervention. The remaining 15 cases were no longer bleeding. 1 cases of gastric antral and 1 cases of stomach were diagnosed as moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma and they received endoscopic resuscitation after successful elective surgery gastric antral cancer radical surgery.

Conclusions
Single channel endoscopic nylon rope combined with hemostatic clip sacking is a safe and effective method for the treatment of giant peptic ulcer and bleeding. It is worthy of clinical manifestation, especially for those with deep and perforated ulcer.

Key words:
Peptic ulcer hemorrhage/SU; Endoscopy; Surgical stapling


There are stories about successes but also about failures referring to franchise and network marketing businesses. Considering the similarities and differences they offer, it is necessary to correctly indicate them for a certain situation. If someone wants to find out the perfect moment for a proper business, he must determine its sense; he must also compare and make a clear difference between its applicability through network marketing or franchise acquisition. There are great stories about success, in both categories, as well as stories of monumental failure and financial loss. A careful analysis and comparison will help one businessman to understand the risks and costs involved; he can also develop the proper opportunity for the unique situation that he turns it into account with specific financial tools. According to the American specialists, network marketing is the "the supreme synergy" as it combines the best parts of the franchise concept with the best parts of the exponential growth. For a clear image, we would like to review the two concepts and the relationships between them. "


Given its multiple meanings the precise use of the word publics is contingent on the circumstances within which it is evoked. The modern use of the term public ordinarily assumes the inclusion of all people. In everyday discourse there is seldom any recognition that the public being referred to is bounded. However on closer inspection the inherent exclusivity of the way the term is often used becomes apparent. For this reason the multiplicity of meaning imposed onto the idea of the public, and therefore the public sphere, requires deeper interrogation of the numerous meanings and uses of the term. It is therefore vital that any project that engages matters relating to the idea of the public sphere considers the question posed by Warner "What is a public sphere?" (Warner: 2002, p. 49).


is one of the important assets of an organization. Protection of information assets is necessary to establish and maintain trust between the organizations and its customers. Information security is the process by which an organization protects and secures its resources and maintains information vital to its operation. When our resources go online are available to multiple users it is vulnerable to all kinds of security threats. Proper access control mechanisms will prevent the unauthorized users to make an attempt to access the corporate database or other user"s information". This paper presents an approach to the formed analysis of security required and access based on Bell LaPadula model followed with a case study conducted on a leading publishing company. Keywordssecurity, Bell LaPadula model, IDS, Access mode, Access control.


Appropriate patient selection, immaculate preparation and proper timing of transplantation are equally important as the surgical procedure itself for the final outcome. The aims of assessment for LT are (a) to confirm the diagnosis and severity of disease, (b) to define the patient's general medical status and (c) to determine eligibility and priority for transplant. The vascular anatomy of the liver is delineated by doppler ultrasonography and in special situations by magnetic resonance or conventional angiography. Assessment of hepatic function, nutritional, cardiac, developmental, psychiatric, and dental status is performed in all children. Immunity to viral pathogens (measles, chicken pox, herpes simplex, CMV and Epstein Barr virus) is documented by examining the sera and any ongoing infection requires treatment.


Uniform CeO2/TiO2 composite nanoparticles with different Ce/Ti molar ratios have been successfully synthesized via the sol–gel method. The samples were characterized using differential thermal analysis (DTA), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The surface state analysis by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) shows that the Ti element mainly exists as a chemical state of Ti4+, while the Ce element exists as a mixture of Ce3+ and Ce4+ oxidation states. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MeO) in CeO2/TiO2 suspension was investigated. The results indicate that the CeO2/TiO2 nanocomposites show higher photocatalytic activity than pure TiO2. Photodegradation of MeO can be improved by increasing the Ce/Ti molar ratio in the initial 15 min.


This study is concerned with the organisation of gestural phases of non-movement, in particular the prolonged hold and provisional home position, as accountably and in situ produced segments of behaviour. Through fine-grained transcriptions and multimodal analysis of videotaped conversation in natural and everyday settings, it is found that movement phases may be exploited by participants in order to indicate that a pursued trajectory or line of action is maintained, suspended or abandoned. Also, through constant monitoring, participants may adjust the location of non-movement as the interaction unfolds in time. It is argued that various possible locations of non-movement are arranged along a continuum ranging from the space of gesticulation to a relaxed rest position and that these locations reflect various degrees of involvement or claim of speakership in the gesturer.


It is now a critical commonplace that the earliest African novels were preoccupied with historical and socioanthropological matters. This was probably inevitable, since the rise of the African novel coincided with the emergence in Africa of a powerful, university-educated, and ar? ticulate elite, who, as their countries marched towards self-determination, were highly conscious of the richness and strength of their own indigenous cultures and the adulteration or suppression of these by an alien colonial culture. Many of the early African novelists were also university gradu? ates conscious of the writer's educational role. They derived inspiration initially from traditional lore, indigenous customs, and the oral tradition in order to demonstrate to their readers that Africa had and still has a culture she can be proud of. Today, with the establishment of vigorous centres of African studies all over the world, and with the success of numerous festivals of African art, the strength and validity of African culture are so widely accepted that they do not seem to need any demon? stration. In the late fifties, however, they still needed demonstration, and writers like Achebe, Camara Laye, and Amos Tutuola served a very vital function. The enormous success which early African novels enjoyed was, no doubt, partly due to their preoccupation with the sociological. Western readers, especially, were delighted by the presentation of societies so re? freshingly different from anything to be seen in the Western world. How? ever, the concentration on this single theme by numerous African novels of varying degrees of artistic excellence threatened to mar the very suc? cess of the genre. As readers became increasingly bored by endless novels dealing with the same theme, it became obvious that, in order to survive at all, the African novel would have to shed its preoccupation with the historical and anthropological. At the African-Scandinavian writer's


One of the ironies informing the study of peasants over the past three decades is that, while there exist a plethora of analyses of both the peasantry and the state, there is still no adequate theory of the relationship between them as formed and changed over time. Numerous monographs chronicle the history of the state in terms of its formation/support/reproduction as a macro-level political institution, or of the peasantry as a socio-economic category with (or without) a history in specific micro-level situations/contexts, but – except when peasant and state are engaged in violent conflict (with one another or against a third party) – neither feature in each other's history except peripherally as a fleeting appearance in someone else's 'grand' narrative. This is why the first part of this article briefly examines the debate on the state, evaluating diverse views and arguments in terms of their adequacy in explaining peasant–state relations in Latin America. In the second section we discuss the practice of the state, specifically the dialectic between the state and the peasantry in Latin American history as seen 'from above', a relationship that has been complex and changing. It is a truism, albeit an important one, that the role of the state with regard to the peasantry is deeply influenced by the type of production unit that is dominant and its relation to the market. The role of the state vis-à-vis the latifundio with its smallholders, tenant farmers, sharecroppers and migratory forms of landless or near-landless workers is significantly


Background: Little is known about the benefits of social networks in the management of patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of self-management (SM) education using telephone follow-up and mobile phone-based social networking on SM behaviors among patients with hypertension. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted with 100 patients. They were randomly allocated to four groups: (i) control, (ii) SM training without follow-up, (iii) telephone follow-up and (iv) smartphone-based social networking follow-up. The hypertension SM behavior questionnaire was used for data collection before and six weeks after the study. Results: Those patients who underwent SM education training (with and without follow-up) had statistically significant differences from those in the control group in terms of SM behaviors (p < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between different types of follow-up. Conclusion: SM education using telephone follow-up and/or smartphone-based social networking follow-up influenced SM behaviors among patients with hypertension.


The just war tradition usually revolves around two crucial points: the justness of a war, and the justness of the way that war is fought. These two points—jus ad bellum and jus in bello, respectively—define the debate over whether a war is moral. Much less has been said about what happens after a war. But the aftermath of war is crucial to the justice of the war itself. Political leaders often invoke postwar developments like bringing democracy or stability as part of justifying or condemning a war; but political theorists have not yet fully come to terms with which of these arguments are morally compelling. It is important to better theorize postwar justice—jus post bellum—for the sake of a more complete theory of just war. Jus Post Bellum GARY J. BASS


1 ABSTRACT Phemeranthus oligospermus (Brandegee) G. Ocampo is proposed here as a new combination in order to validate the name for publication of the treatment of Portulacaceae for the Flora of Valley of Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, Mexico. In addition, a comment concerning the information given on the labels of isotype specimens of this species is included.


This study explored the human influence on the observed changes in precipitation extremes across China for the period of 1961–2014 by the latest simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Changes in observations and CMIP6 simulations under different external forcings for annual total wet‐day precipitation (PRCPTOT), the number of heavy precipitation days (R10 mm), very wet days (R95p), extremely wet days (R99p), the maximum 1‐day precipitation amount (RX1day), and the maximum 5‐day precipitation amount (RX5day) are compared using a regularized optimal fingerprinting method. The results show that both anthropogenic (ANT) and greenhouse gas (GHG) experiments generally exhibit increasing trends in precipitation extremes over China, agreeing with the overall observed increases. The ANT influence is robustly detected for R95p, R99p, RX1day, and RX5day over China, with clear separation from the natural forcing. Additionally, the GHG signal is also detectable for R95p, R99p, and RX1day but separated from the natural and other ANT forcings for only R99p and RX1day and from the natural and ANT aerosol forcings for only RX5day. Thus, the intensified precipitation extremes can be attributed to human influence dominated by the GHG effect. However, detections fail for PRCPTOT and R10 mm. The ANT aerosol forcing may partly offset the role of the GHG responses to observed increases despite being undetectable. Based on the detection and attribution results, the observation‐constrained projections indicate that precipitation extremes are projected to significantly increase under the SSP2–4.5 and SSP5–8.5 scenarios but with a smaller magnitude compared to the raw CMIP6 outputs.


Introduction: Models of Type II supernovae (SN) indicate that the explosively processed ejecta are concentrically zoned in chemical and isotopic composition due to burning of successively heavier nuclides with increasing depth in the presupernova star. It is common to divide the ejecta into ~8 zones, labelled by their one or two most abundant elements by mass, although rather large gradients in composition exist within each zone. As time passes after the explosion, the gaseous ejecta expand and cool, and condensation occurs as the total pressure (P


The mathematical model is designed, which allows to value analytically the ink receptivity of closing absorbed material. The model conformity is regarded.


We report on two null searches, one for the spontaneous appearance of $\pi^+\pi^-$ pairs, another for a single $\pi^0$, consistent with the decay of a long-lived neutral particle into hadrons and an unseen neutral particle. For the lowest level gluon-gluino bound state, known as the $R^0$, we exclude the decays $R^0\to \pi^+\pi^-\tilde{\gamma}$ and $R^0\to \pi^0\tilde{\gamma}$ for the masses of $R^0$ and $\tilde{\gamma}$ in the theoretically allowed range. In the most interesting $R^0$ mass range, $\leq 3 GeV/c^2$, we exclude $R^0$ lifetimes from $3\times 10^{-10}$ seconds to as high as $10^{-3}$ seconds, assuming perturbative QCD production for the $R^0$.


Pedagogical activity of "The First State Theatre for Children "Fairy-tale"": analysis of archives materials 1920-1927. The process o f the creation and developing of the first theatre for children in Ukraine is revealed in the report. Pedagogical influence of the theatre on children revealed in 20-th years of the XX the century. The recovered facts determined key-directions of pedagogical work of the theatres in the following years.


EDWARD NORMAN. Secularisation. London, England, and New York, New York: Continuum, 2002. Pp. xiv + 159. $15.95. Anglican Difficulties. A New Syllabus of Errors. London, England, and New York, New York: Morehouse/Continuum, 2004. Pp. xiv + 152. $12.95. At the conclusion of his long and eventful career as a scholar and priest, Edward Norman has set out his views on the present state of institutional religion in England and of English society itself, and few will be surprised that he has done so with characteristic forcefulness. As dean of Peterhouse, Cambridge, as a BBC Reith lecturer, and (most recently) as chancellor of York Minister, Norman has often proved willing to enter into public controversy, and these latest contributions are no exception. To be sure, he has taken aim at a big target, albeit a rather disabled one. Institutional religion is now in a very low state in England: more Muslims than Anglicans attend a weekly religious service, while a recent survey has predicted that by 2040 weekly church attendance will drop to about 2 percent of the population. Likewise, the state of English society: many now complain about having to endure "neighbors from hell," Tony Blair campaigns endlessly against hooliganism and the demise of social order, family breakdown has skyrocketed (over 40 percent of births now occur outside of marriage, a 400 percent increase in the last twenty-five years), and religious extremism and violence are in the ascendant (as illustrated most profoundly by the 7 July 2005 terrorist bombings in London). What is to be done? More specifically, can the established Church of England be an effective agent for enacting religious and social transformation, or has it become simply a part of the problem? To Norman, the answer is unambiguous. The Church of England is no longer capable of providing the spiritual and moral leadership desperately needed by those living in a modern liberal society. The point was made for him-albeit unintentionally-by a prominent Anglican bishop who, in the immediate aftermath of the London bombings, attempted to reassure the nation by dismissing the possibility that the terrorists had acted out of religious motivation. This point was reinforced by the recent declaration by the Church of England that homosexual and lesbian clergy who register their same-sex "marriages" under the new civil law can remain in good standing in the church, as long as they are celibate. It is public pronouncements such as these, Norman contends, that appear confused, if not theologically and intellectually bizarre, raising serious doubts about the leadership of the Church of England, and about the fundamental nature of the church itself. To address this crisis, Norman speaks with apparent certitude, if not always providing his readers with certainty. In secularisation, he argues that the recent demise of institutional religion in England has not been (as many have argued) the result of external forces (i.e., competition from rival ideologies such as materialism or post-modernism, or public opposition to religion), but the result of internal influences (i.e., of the church secularizing itself). In short, the bishops and other religious leaders have voluntarily-and often unconsciously-substituted the principal tenets of secular humanism for the revealed doctrines and moral teachings of historic Christianity, and they have redefined the church's ethical teaching on secular grounds. "It is secular Humanism," Norman contends, "as an unconscious orientation of life and thought, and entertained in an inarticulate and unrecognized form, which has with frightening frequency infiltrated the Church members' perception of their own religion. Christianity is not being rejected in modern society-what is causing the decline of public support for the Church is the insistence of church leaders themselves in representing secular enthusiasm for humanity as core Christianity" (ix). The debilitating effects of this transformation on the well-being of both the church and society are historically unprecedented. …


This research is aimed to find out the role of peer relationship during covid-19 pandemic. Data were collected by examining the primary sources of book and journal references related to the research. The analysis was done by connecting the problems of the concept with relevant theories. The result of the research shows that the role of peers during the Covid_19 pandemic can be done in various ways; through online by using gadget another communication tools which can develop the social development in the early age.


Introduction: One of reforms performed in health evolution planwas to amend tariff of medical services in the form of presentation of relative values services book. In this study, we discuss effect of the amendments on one of the most important problems of financial structure of health system that is insurance deductions. Methodology : in analytic-descriptive study which has been performed as occasional, 83413 files sent to Iran's health insurance from non-educational hospitals (12 hospitals) of Hormozgan medical sciences university have been discussed and 628 files having deductions have been studied. The data has extracted by using checklist which compiled for deductions of outpatient and hospitalization services and then analysed by SPSS software version 22 and square t test. Results: the results of present study showed that Minab city has high deductions compared other provinces (4/6062*10 8 ), also, the results showed that drug deductions, anesthesia and surgery and outpatient services had not significant difference before and after change of tariff. But additional services (p 0/05, t-1/695) had significant difference before and after change of tariff. Concluding : total results showed that presentation of relative values book of services had not significant effect on deductions by increment tariff and change of obligations of insurances but in some cases, it increase deductions which shall perform necessary preparation in order to remove this strategy.


A 3-year collaboration program between the Institute of Microelectronics, National University of Singapore, and the University of Cambridge has been established with the following two objectives: (i) to establish a mechanics and physics-of-failure based board-level test methodology; (ii) to establish design guidelines and, ultimately, failure criteria for board level interconnect during drop/impact test. The following accomplishments have been achieved in the first year of the program: (i) the mechanics and physics of failure in a typical board-level test have been established (ii) the drop impact characteristics of 6 commercial portable products have been comprehensively surveyed; (iii) a weakness has been identified in the drop impact strength of SnAgCu solder alloy (acknowledged as the leading Pb-free solder candidate).Copyright © 2003 by ASME


The compound eyes of natural insects endowed with the merits of a wide field of view (FOV), high sensitivity, and detection of moving targets, have aroused extensive concern. In this work, a large-scale artificial compound eye is fabricated by a high-efficiency and low-cost strategy that involves the combination of the thermal reflow method and pressure deformation. About 30,000 ommatidia are evenly distributed on the surface of a hemisphere with an ultralow surface roughness and a large numerical aperture (NA) of 0.66. Moreover, the FOV of the artificial compound eye investigated is about 120°. The collaboration of the compound eye and CMOS sensor makes the ommatidia capturing multiple images of human organs enabled. This micro-based imaging system has considerable potential in integrated pinhole cameras, medical endoscopes, and drone navigation.


Llamas and alpacas are important production animals in South America, with increasing interest in other parts of the world. Poor reproductive efficiency combined with several unique anatomical and physiological reproductive features offer challenges in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility in camelids. This review presents an approach to the clinical investigation and common causes of infertility and subfertility in the male and female. The selection of males for breeding should be made based on complete evaluation to eliminate congenital and possibly hereditary disorders. Common disorders of the male reproductive system include testicular hypoplasia, testicular and epididymal cysts and testicular degeneration. Semen evaluation presents some challenges owing to the viscous nature of the ejaculate in these species. Females should be screened for congenital genital defects before breeding. Causes of subfertility in the female are dominated by ovarian and uterine disorders. A systematic clinical approach and the use of endometrial biopsy and advanced techniques, such as laparoscopy, allow early identification of these disorders. Further research is needed for continued understanding of the reproductive pathological processes in these species.


Although various lightning observation platforms exist, lightning flash observations have not been fully utilized for numerical weather prediction (NWP), mainly due to complications related to modeling lightning processes. Herein, we investigated the potential impacts of lightning observations using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with an NWP model, including explicit lightning processes. The EnKF included flow‐dependent error covariances between lightning flashes and the atmospheric state. Observing system simulation experiments were performed for an idealized convective case. Ensemble‐based correlations with various observations indicated that lightning flashes provide valuable information below cloud tops where satellite infrared radiances cannot observe well due to the presence of anvil clouds. Moreover, a single‐step data assimilation experiment showed that lightning flashes positively impact the analysis and forecast of wind, hydrometeors, and electric charge. The results revealed that lightning flashes are potentially useful for an EnKF with an NWP model including explicit lightning processes.