The Middle Turonian sediments of the Nysa Klodzka Graben (Bystrzyca Sandstone in the Stara Bystrzyca outcrop and the Dlugopole Sandstone in Dlugopole Gorne Quarry) contain trace fossils, which include Curvolithus simplex, ?Macaronichnus isp., Ophiomorpha nodosa, Ophiomorpha isp., Palaeophycus tubularis, Thalassinoides cf. paradoxicus, T. suevicus and Thalassinoides isp. The assemblage of trace fossils points to the proximal Cruziana ichnofacies, that characterizes the distal lower shoreface and the archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies, typical of upper offshore settings. The trace fossils evidence implies that sedimentation took place in a shallow basin with periods of a sudden sediment input, good oxygenation and normal salinity. The Bystrzyca and Dlugopole sandstones are deposits of the shallow epicontinental sea that were deposited between the fair-weather and storm-wave base, in the distal lower shoreface–upper offshore setting. The Bystrzyca Sandstone is recognized as storm-originated deposits, whereas the Dlugopole Sandstone is probably the part of prograding "accumulation terrace". The source of material for the sandstone was the East Sudetic Island and probably also the Orlica–Bystrzyca Uplift. The studied sandstones are related to a regression that started in the early/middle Middle Turonian and caused a relative uplift of the surrounding land. The Middle Turonian sediments of the Nysa Klodzka Graben (Bystrzyca Sandstone in the Stara Bystrzyca outcrop and the Dlugopole Sandstone in Dlugopole Gorne quarry) contain trace fossils, which include Curvolithus simplex , ? Macaronichnus isp., Ophiomorpha nodosa , Ophiomorpha isp., Palaeophycus tubularis , Thalassinoides cf. paradoxicus , T . suevicus and Thalassinoides isp. The assemblage of trace fossils points to the proximal Cruziana ichnofacies, that characterizes distal lower shoreface and the archetypal Cruziana ichnofacies, typical of upper offshore settings. The trace fossils evidence implies that sedimentation took place in a shallow basin with periods of a sudden sediment input, good oxygenation and normal salinity. The Bystrzyca and Dlugopole sandstones are deposits of the shallow epicontinental sea that were deposited between fair-weather and storm-wave base, in the distal lower shoreface - upper offshore setting. The Bystrzyca Sandstone is recognized as storm-originated deposits, whereas the Dlugopole Sandstone is probably the part of prograding "accumulation terrace". The source of material for the sandstone was the East Sudetic Island and probably also the Orlica-Bystrzyca Uplift. The studied sandstones are related to a regression that started in the early/middle Middle Turonian and caused a relative uplift of the surrounding land.


Environmental and microbiological problems of prolonged space flight - effects of space flight conditions on man and life support subsystems development


One of the diagnostic features of the Late Pleistocene deer of Crete, Candiacervus, is its apparent shortened metapodals, just as it is for other endemic island artiodactyls, e.g. Myotragus (Balearics, Spain) and Cervus astylodon (Ryukyu Islands, (Japan). The question remained whether this shortening is already present at birth or arises during postnatal ontogeny due to a difference in relative growth speed of the different limb elements. In the latter case food quantity and/or quality may have played a crucial role in the development of the diagnostic feature, whereas in the former case a genetic basis seems more likely. From this study it appears that the shortening of the metacarpals is already present at birth. This shortening increases further during postnatal ontogeny due to a relative slower growth speed. In addition to relative length and proportional growth, there is also the question of changes in massivity. In general a short metapodal correlates with a higher massivity. The metapodals of C a n d i acervus ropalophorus are far more massive than those of the compared mainland species. This study reveals that this is the case already at birth, and increases further during following ontogeny. The C a n d iacervus material at our disposal is unique, as it consists of a large number of individuals from one layer in one cave, and which all belong to one population or herd, varying in age from newborn till very old. Key-words: Pleistocene, Crete, Candiacervus, Metapodals. ΠEPIΛHΨH: Ένα από τα χαρακτηριστικά στοιχεία του ελαφιού Candiacervus του Ανωτέρου Πλειστοκαίνου της Κρήτης, είναι τα φαινομενικά κοντά μεταπόδια, όμοια με αυτά άλλων ενδημικών νησιωτικών αρτιοδακτύλων, όπως του Myotragus (από τις Βαλεαρίδες τις Ισπανίας) και του Cervus astylodon (από τα νησιά Ryukyu της Ιαπωνίας). Το ερώτημα είναι εάν τα κοντά πόδια προϋπήρχαν από τη γένεση ή προέκυψαν κατά τη διάρκεια της μεταγενετικής οντογένεσης εξαιτίας της διαφοράς στο ρυθμό ανάπτυξης των διαφόρων μελών. Στην τελευταία περίπτωση η ποσότητα και/ή η ποιότητα του φαγητού ίσως έπαιξαν καθοριστικό ρόλο στην ανάπτυξη του διαγνωστικού μέλους, ενώ στην πρώτη περίπτωση η γενετική βάση φαίνεται να είναι πιο πιθανή. Στην παρούσα εργασία φαίνεται ότι η βράχυνση των μετακαρπικών εμφανίζεται ήδη από τη γέννηση. Η βράχυνση αυξάνεται κατά τη διάρκεια της μεταγενετικής οντογένεσης εξαιτίας μιας σχετικά πιο αργής ταχύτητας ανάπτυξης. Εκτός από το σχετικό μήκος και αναλογίες, υπάρχει ακόμα και το θέμα της ευρωστότητας. Τα μεταπόδια του Candiacervus ropalophorus είναι πολύ πιο εύρωστα σε σύγκριση με αυτά των ειδών της ηπειρωτικής χέρσου. Όπως αποδεικνύει αυτή η μελέτη, η κατάσταση αυτή ισχύει από τη γέννηση και αυξάνει συνεχώς κατά τη διάρκεια της επικείμενης οντογένεσης. Λέξεις-κλειδιά: Πλειστόκαινο, Kρήτη, Candiacervus, Mεταπόδια. I N T R O D U C T I O N * Σχετική ανάπτυξη των μεταποδίων σε ένα νεαρό νησιωτικό ελάφι: Candiavervus (Mammalia, Cervidae) του Πλειστοκαίνου από τη νήσο Kρήτη. & CA L O I, 1974), which is found together with the canid Cynotherium sardous and archaic Homo sapiens ( KL E I N HO F M E I J E R, 1996). Other exceptions are the larger varieties of the island species; some times, an intraspecific adaptive radiation takes place in island endemics, resulting in a range of five to eight morphotypes, from small to large (DE VO S & DE R M I T Z A K I S, 1986; DE VO S, 2000; DE VO S & VAN DER GE E R, 2002). It is mainly the small and medium sizes which show the characteristic shortening, whereas the large morphotypes are more alike the mainland forms (Fig. 2). Though this phenomen has been described various times for various species, there are no or little quantative data about the degree of this shortening. This has two main causes. One, only little biometrical research has been done on island mammals in general. Second, most fossil material comes from several individuals and as the variation is known to be larger in island species, any quantitative comparison fails. The most comprehensive biometrical study has been done by DE VOS (1979) for the Cretan deer Candiacervus. In total Candiacervus is represented on the island by eight morphotypes as a result of adaptive radiation, distributed over six size classes and three antler morphotyes, from small to large classified as C. ropalophorus, C. spp. II (a, b and c), C. cretensis, C. rethymnensis, C. sp. V, and C. sp. VI (classification following DE VOS, 1979; DE VOS, 1984; DE VOS, 2000). Ot her taxonomies (e.g. CA P A S S O BA R B A T O, 1989; CALOI & PALOMBO, 1996) recognize five species, but these opinions are not followed here; ontogenetic features m a y eventually contribute in solving this problem. Ontogenetic studies on islanders are even more rare, with only BOVER & ALCOVER (1999 a,b) on Myotragus being an exception. Their description is not only the only one of a neonate skeleton for an island mammal, but in fact for any extinct artiodactyl. In this paper we will try to check the presence of the metapodial shortening at birth and what happens during further ontogeny. This can be done only if a certain amount of juvenile as well as of adult material is available belonging to one herd or group. In addition, the effect of ontogeny on shortening will be the highest in the smallest variety. Therefore we focus only on size 1 (the smallest), described as Candiacervus ropalophorus. One locality catches the eye: Gerani 4. Here, the bones show a remarkable uniformity in size and the antlers are remarkably uniform in morphology, from which DE VO S (1979) concludes that here only one form of the Cretan deer can be present: size 1 (the smallest). This makes Gerani 4 the ideal site for an ontogenetic study. It happens that this material consists of a large amount of individuals of varying age, from newly born to very old. It is very likely that we deal here with a natural herd, which died here, due to a natural disaster of an unknown type. This means that there are individuals of more than one life stage in the collection, from unborn and newly born upto aged animals. As such, the material provides us with the unique 120 Alexandra Van Der Geer, Michael Dermitzakis & John De Vos Fig. 1. Reconstruction of the Cretan deer Candiacervus size II from Liko Cave, based upon a mounted skeleton made for the Museum of Paleontology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (VAN DER GEER et al. 2005). From the mount it becomes clear that the limbs of Candiacervus are indeed short, especially the metapodals, and that the body is relatively heavy and massive. Fig. 2. Metatarsals of the eight morphotypes of Candiacervus (following the taxonomy of DE VOS, 1979) compared to those of Pleistocene mainland deer. The smaller types deviate extreme from the mainland metatarsals, whereas the largest two sizes are more or less comparable to the mainland metatarsals. opportunity of obtaining quantitative data about the relative growth and shortening of the various limb elements. Aim of this study is to check whether indeed a shortening takes place of the metapodals. And if this shortening is already present at birth, or gradually occurs during growth into the adult stage, by relative differences in growth speed of the various limb elements in relation to each other. MATERIALS AND METHOD All material of Candiacervus ropalophorus c o m es from the locality Gerani 4 (Fig. 3). This locality is situated on the north-western coast of Crete, and consists of a cave along the coast, filled with fossiliferous sediment (KUSS, 1970; DE VOS, 1979). KUSS (1970) provided a radiocarbon dating of ± 43.600 BP for the calcareous layer that covers the fossils. This means that the deer of Gerani 4 lived during the Late Pleistocene. The fossil material consists of a large number of skulls, antlers and postcranial elements in such ratios that it is likely to assume the presence of (almost) only comp l e t e individuals. For this study only the long bones of the limbs were used: humerus, radius, metacarpus, femur, tibia and metatarsus. Materials were classified ranging from newly born till of full-grown, with a large number of representatives per group. In the long bones five age groups could be distinguished (BI S K O P, 1978), of which in this stud y the newborns and the full growns were used. Humerus: 49 newborn, 24 other juveniles, 56 full grown. Radius: 45 newborn, 28 other juveniles, 62 full grown. Metacarpal: 3 7 newborn, 38 other juveniles, 48 full grown. Femur: 47 newborn, 16 other juveniles, 33 full grown. Tibia: 27 newborn, 22 other juveniles, 62 full grown. Metatarsal: 36 newborn, 29 other juveniles, 54 full grown. The material originates from one population only, as indicated by the presence of only one type of antler is present, whereas C a n d i a c e r v u s as a whole shows a wide v a r iation in antler form (DE VO S, 1979). The material appears to comprise several age groups, which can be separated very precisely and do not overlap. These groups vary from newborns to adults. The clearly distinguishable age groups fit to the presence of a complete herd, which most likely all died in a relative short time. For recent comparison material, we used red deer (C e r v u s e l a p h u s), fallow deer (D a m a dama) and roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) from the following institutes: Anatomie Comp a r é , Paris, France; Biological Archeological Institute, University of Groningen, the Netherlands; Faculty of Earth Sciences, University of Utrecht, the Netherlands; Naturalis, National Natural History Museum, Leiden, the Netherlands; Natuurmuseum Rotterdam, the Netherlands (Rotterdam). Specimes marked with asterix (our mark) are the newborns. The material of red deer belonged to ten individuals [nos. 1887-339, 1910-209, 1912-301*, 1938-45, 1944-293*, 2x n.n. (Paris); no. 192 (Groningen); 1x n.n. (mounted skeleton)*, no. 2169* (Leiden)]. The material of fallow deer belonged to nine individuals [nos. 1873-327, 1883-452, 1882-182, 1884-547, 1938-76, 1943-44


Capsicum is a fruit or vegetable? It's really a beautiful colored natural fruit but it prepared like mild flavored and used as vegetable. This can cultivate easily in different types of climate and named differently. In Britain, they are called Chilli peppers; In US and Canada, they are called Bell peppers; In Australia and Asia, they are known as Capsicum , and in some western countries they are even called Paprika. But the biological terms are Cayenne and Jalapeno. Its available in assortment of colors , but Green is mostly used and is simply the unripe version of the red. Purple and green peppers are slightly bitter in taste whereas red, yellow and orange have a sweeter and fruity taste.


Date Presented 04/22/2023
 Nearly 41.8 million adult family caregivers of older adults report their needs are not being addressed to feel competent in their role. Given their unique expertise, OTs are ideally situated to lead in addressing their needs.
 Primary Author and Speaker: Lori Reynolds
 Additional Authors and Speakers: Jacquelyn Gensen, Gwen Mohr
 Contributing Authors: Brandi Buchanan, Elton Bordenave


This chapter focuses primarily on the subset of human pathogenic fungi. Even among this relatively small subset of organisms, there is extensive variation in phylogenetic ancestry, pathogenic strategies, ecology, prevalence, and outcome of infection. The major fungal pathogens constitute a diverse group of organisms. With the exception of Candida spp. and Malassezia furfur, all other pathogenic fungi discussed in this chapter are saprophytic. Pathogens can be classified as generalists or specialists depending on their host range. The chapter also focuses on broad areas of the macroevolution of fungal pathogenesis. In fungi, the two important genetic changes that result in microevolution are genetic rearrangements and point mutations. Macroevolution in terms of speciation has led to the development of multiple pathogenic fungal species. The chapter proposes different hypotheses and supporting data on the evolution and development of fungal pathogenesis. Though the specific mechanisms of evolution and development of virulence factors have not been elucidated, there are clear data implicating soil amoebae as a natural predator that may maintain virulence in the fungal habitat. Given increasing interest in this area, future studies will shed additional light on the evolution of fungal pathogenesis.


The above article previously published with incorrect author information for Dr Binil Aryal. Dr Aryal's affiliation should be listed as Central Department of Physics, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal. This error has since been rectified in the online PDF and HTML copies of the article.


Lignin is a one of the most abundance biopolymers and responsible for the strength and structure of plants. Currently, it is accessible in large amounts as a side product of the paper and pulp industry. Lignin is a crosslinked polymer, arising from three phenyl propane derivatives: phydroxyphenyl, guaiacyl and syringyl with the corresponding precursors are the three aromatic alcohols p-coumaryl, coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol [1].


To investigate the hemostatic effects of gelatin fleece (GF)on different traumatic bleeding.Methods Three types of hemostatic agents,GF,oxidized cellulose (OC)and gelfoam (GL) were used in 323 patients with bleeding from trauma or surgical operation. Time and efficacy of hemostasis were accurately recorded. The structure of agents were observed by SEM. Results ①There was a significant difference in the time to stop deep bleeding,83. 0±43. 64s in the GF group versus 117. 0±70. 18s in OC group and 149. 0±65. 67s in GL group,respectively. ②SEM showed that the reticular structure of GF was much denser than that of GL or OC. Conclusion The dense structure of GF may be responsible for its better hemostatic effects on deep bleeding.


Abstract. The goal of this work is to study the time and altitude
echo characteristics under different solar and seasonality conditions using the VHF radar range–time–intensity (RTI) images. The occurrence of equatorial spread F depends on the existence of conditions that can seed the Rayleigh–Taylor instability, and these conditions can change with solar flux, seasonality,
longitude distributions, and day-to-day variability. So, the equatorial
spread F is observed as its time and altitude occurrence. The VHF radar of
Christmas Island (2.0∘ N, 157.4∘ W, 2.9∘ N dip
latitude) has been operational in the equatorial region for some time,
allowing long-term observations. The occurrence of echoes during solar
minimum conditions is observed throughout the night since the post-reversal westward electric field is weaker than the solar maximum and the
possibilities of the vertical plasma drift becoming positive are larger. On the other hand, echoes during solar maximum will be controlled by dynamics near the time of the pre-reversal peak (PRE). Our results indicate that the
peak time occurrence of echoes along this period shows a well-defined
pattern, with echoes distributed as closer to local sunset during solar
maximum and around/closer to midnight during solar minimum conditions; meanwhile, the peak altitude occurrence of echoes shows a slightly regular
pattern with higher-altitude occurrences during solar maxima and lower altitudes during solar minimum conditions.


Candidates for cardiac surgery Cardiac diagnostic techniques Hemodynamic evaluation Pulmonary function evaluation Renal function evaluation Endocrine and metabolic diseases Peripheral vascular disease Preoperative evaluation - anesthesiologist's view Surgical risk - surgeon's view Myocardial preservation techniques Aortocoronary bypass Valvular heart surgery Postoperative management New directions Index.


Micro-scale silicon photonic crystal waveguides show promise to realize efficient terahertz photonic circuits. Monolithically-integrated gradient-index optics expand the functionality of terahertz photonic crystal waveguide-based systems. We present two devices that leverage such micro-photonic integrated optics; a Luneburg lens-based multi-beam antenna and a Maxwell fisheye lens-based slab-mode beam launcher.


Received: 20 November 2019 Accepted: 17 February 2020 Antibiotics and other emerging contaminants are removed by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) to a certain extent. However, the removal mechanism is not well understood due to the fact that the majority of the WWTPs only focus on the occurrence of these contaminants in the influents and effluents and sometimes in the sludge. Understanding the removal pathway is therefore difficult. This study is aimed at investigating the removal pathways of selected veterinary antibiotics from wastewater. A laboratory scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor was employed to treat synthetic wastewater to explore the removal efficiencies of five veterinary antibiotics with an initial concentration of 50 μg/L. In a like manner, batch reactors were further used to evaluate the removal routes of the antibiotics. The UASB reactor was operated continuously under mesophilic conditions to evaluate its performance with regards to the removal of organics and at the same time monitor biogas production. Organic loading rate (OLR) was varied from 8 to 9.2 kg.COD.m.dwhile keeping the hydraulic retention time (HRT) constant at 12 h. A COD removal efficiency higher than 75% was achieved at an OLR of 9 kg.COD.m.d, with a HRT of 12 hours. About 80% of the antibiotics were removed during the continuous processes, however, a distinctive pattern of removal was not observed. The kinetic studies using batch reactors showed that the removal route for the antibiotics was majorly adsorption to the sludge. Biodegradation occurred alongside adsorption but to a lesser degree. The kinetic data showed that the antibiotics followed a first order kinetic model with half-lives that ranged from 6 to 77 days.


Any attempt at facilitating reconciliation in the wake of mass crimes must address the place of memory.1 For it is memory that links past violence, betrayal and community fragmentation to the ongoing politics of the present, shaping the limits and possibilities of re-imagining social life. The relationship of memory to peace-building may, however, be far more complex than is often considered by policymakers and practitioners. Memory may offer a language of hope, a grounding for assertions of ''never again'', but memory may also provide the spark for continuing conflict. Memory can foster a sense of shared experience and community solidarity, and memory can feed feelings of persecution and revenge. Memory can provide the material through which social mechanisms – from ritual to myth to informal narrative to formal truth and reconciliation commissions – work to reconsider history and open discussion of the traumatic experiences of individuals and communities. And memory can be suppressed, channelled and transmuted into new forms of subjectivity that may both reproduce and recode relations of inequality, violence and terror. Since 1999, we have been engaged in a collaborative ethnographic fieldwork project with survivors of Indonesia's 1965/66 state-sponsored 190


In the article the analysis of poems devoted to the great Turkic poet Nâzim Hikmet after his death is given; his poetry influence on the Azerbaijani poetry is considered. The poems devoted to Nâzim Hikmet since the 60s of the last century have had a great meaning for the artistic perception of the poet's many-sided creative work as well as for the creation of Nâzim Hikmet's image in literature world. That is why the most characteristic poetic works devoted to Nâzim Hikmet were chosen and studied. His image was analyzed in the context of modern, historic and poetic meaningfulness. The article speaks of the poets, who knew Nâzim Hikmet in person, and the poets, who had never seen him but created poetic works on the basis of Nâzim Hikmet's existing image.


The statistic that 90% of scientists of all time are alive today has often been used for its shock value, but the same can be said of babies, of TV repairmen, and of newlyweds, a piece of data which alarms no one. The massive growth of the literature produced by this corps of scientists does present a problem—a real one for society but sometimes an illusory one for the individual scientist. The latter may undergo anxiety, not so much because of the two million scientific papers which appear annually but because his fraternal badge says "biochemist," "pathologist," or what you will, and this semantic tyranny demands reading a constant fraction of the swelling mass. What the scientist puts into the literature is different from what he wants back out of it. He must endow his published work with experimental reproducibility and add his interpretation as a very separate adjunct. In order to insure plausibility, the referee system of peer judgment is brought to bear on manuscripts. The scientist does not enjoy having his manuscript trimmed. What he prefers to take out of the literature is its quintessence, which has predictive value when applied to his own field of exploration. It is clear that an extensive job of adaptation is needed to reconcile input of raw material with output of knowledge potentially useful to society. Carrying the problem a step further, the conversion of that knowledge into applied technology requires a system for adaptation. It will be the task of the future to define fresh means to effect this conversion.


Tensoresistance at T=300 K for irradiated by the electrons, with the energy of 10 MeV, single crystals n-Ge, which are uniaxially deformed along the crystallographic directions [100], [110] and [111], is investigated. Based on an analysis of the obtained dependencies of the Hall constant on the uniaxial pressure, it was concluded that the dominant mechanism of tensoresistance of irradiated single crystals n-Ge is a change in the ratio between the concentrations of the electrons and holes at the uniaxial deformation. The obtained linear dependence of the tensoresistance on the uniaxial pressure P>0,25 GPa along the crystallographic direction [100] can be used to design based on irradiated n-Ge the pressure sensors for the control of high uniaxial pressure.


Tetrapod-shaped zinc oxide whisker(T-ZnOw) as functional filler was used to prepare LDPE/T-ZnOw composites via the melting blending approach.LDPE-g-MAH as a compatibilizer was added in LDPE/T-ZnOw system.Film blowing was employed to prepare the film samples.The effects of T-ZnOw content and the compatibization of LDPE-g-MAH on LDPE films were investigated,respectively.Result indicated that filled T-ZnOw in LDPE could improve the flow properties of LDPE,makes the transmittance of the film declined and the haze raised,but improve the mechanical performance little.LDPE-g-MAH had good compatibization on LDPE/T-ZnOw,which could obviously enhance the tensile strength and elongation at break of the composite film while the melt flow rate decreased.LDPE-g-MAH showed little effect on the transmittance and haze of the LDPE/T-ZnOw film.


Multiple photoionization to high charge states is the hallmark of intense laser matter interaction at all wavelengths. Ionizing more than one or even several electrons inevitably raises the question whether the ionization proceeds sequentially or in a correlated way. One known pathway to correlated electron emission proceeds via recolliding electrons. The perspective of our work is to explore the territory of correlated ionization dynamics where recollision is suppressed, e.g. by the use of highly elliptical polarization. The use of elliptical polarization additionally enables taking advantage of the remarkably simple atto clock technique [1, 2] for extracting timing information on the ionization dynamics. Such information is of crucial significance for the identification of correlated dynamics. Another important aspect of our work is the use of an ion beam apparatus [3]. This has two advantages: Firstly, ions have a high ionization potential and thus may be exposed to high field strengths such that tunneling ionization dominates. Secondly, transversally very cold beams can be readily produced such that the momentum transfer to the ion can be precisely measured. Together with the ability to measure the charge state of the ion after interaction with the laser, this provides a new window into the dynamics of multiple ionization.


The undoubted increase in the incidence of the acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is causing a degree of public alarm which appears to be out of all proportion to its threat to public health. Many of those whose work may potentially bring them into contact with patients with AIDS are expressing the most grave fears that they may contract the disease by, for example, giving mouth to mouth resuscitation to a sufferer or by coming into contact with their blood or body fluids at the scene of an accident. These fears appear to be groundless but a risk does exist for having more direct contact with patients with AIDS. The great majority of patients with the disease have antibodies to human T-cell lymphotropic virus III (HTLV-III) and this virus is the putative infective agent. Infection with the virus may cause a variety of clinical conditions but criteria for the diagnosis of AIDS have been laid down by Krause.' According to this author, the diagnosis depends on finding two of the following clinical signs or symptoms: fever or lymphadenopathy or both lasting for more than three months, a weight loss in excess of 10% of the baseline, chronic diarrhoea, night sweats, and fatigue. In addition, two of the following abnormal laboratory tests should be demonstrated: reduced numbers' of helper T cells, a diminished helper/suppressor T cell ratio, decreased lymphoproliferative responses, and increased serum globulin concentrations. Opportunistic infections are common, including oral candidiasis and pneumonia caused by Pneumocystis carinii. Kaposi's sarcoma also occurs commonly in those with the disease. Antibodies to HTLV-III may be found in the asymptomatic close sexual contacts of those with AIDS and also in a substantial number of other homosexuals; about a third of haemophiliacs who have recieved pooled clotting factors may also have antibodies.2 In the general population, however, the prevalence of antibodies to the virus is extremely low; the prevalence in blood donors has been reported as zero in the United Kingdom2 and as 0-16% in West Germany.3 There is little evidence, therefore, that the virus has spread far into the community. What are the risks for those who have close contact with patients with AIDS? The evidence suggests they are low, probably lower than those of contracting hepatitis B.4 Hirsch and his colleagues studied 33 hospital employees who had accidentally exposed themselves to blood from patients with AIDS.5 Thirty of those studied had reported needlestick injuries, one had had blood splashed into her eye, and in the two others blood from patients had come into contact with open cuts on their hands. The time from the injury to their examination varied from two weeks to 20 months. Even though all the patients concerned in the accidents were seropositive, in none of the employees was antibodies in HTLV-III detected. This result is encouraging but two others are less so. A 34 year old hospital worker developed AIDS and died from a massive P carinii infection; he fitted none of the known high risk categories but he had pricked his palm with a needle 14 months previously while handling waste for disposal, and the presumption is, therefore, that the disease was related to that injury.6 A more definite case is reported in the Lancet.7 A white women who had lived in central southern Africa was admitted to hospital suffering for AIDS. During her admission, one of the nursing staff pricked her finger on a needle containing blood drawn from an arterial line. The nurse developed a fever, malaise, and lymphadenopathy that resolved after about three weeks. Blood taken 27 days after the injury was seronegative but specimens taken on days 49 and 57 were positive with anti-HTLV-III titres of 12 and 24 respectively. There can be no doubt, therefore, that hospital staff coming into contact with patients with AIDS must take every possible care to avoid high risk accidents such as needlestick injuries or mucosal contact with potentially infectious material such as blood or saliva. Guide lines for the protection of health workers were published in the United States in 19838 and more recently in the United Kingdom by the Advisory Committee on Dangerous Pathogens (ACDP).9 Among the recommendations in the latter report is the suggestion that those who may be directly exposed to the body fluids and tissues of patients with AIDS, and those undertaking laboratory work on viable HTLV-III virus should be asked to volunteer blood samples. It is recommended that these should be taken before starting


Frequent citations in the literature indicate that all adult bot flies are aphagous and without functional mouthparts. This paper describes imbibing of free water by two species of adult Cephenemyia . While in the process of drinking, the functioning of the external mouthparts was viewed through a stereoscopic microscope. Intake of fluids was confirmed by vivisection of flies offered a 0.01% solution of aqueous neutral red dye. Amount of fluid imbibed was measured by weighing flies immediately before and after drinking. The longevity of flies drinking water was significantly longer than that of the controls. Possible intake of free fluids by these flies under natural conditions is discussed, and a description of the anatomy of the mouthparts is presented.


Recently, it was suggested that parallel β‐sheets have a significant dipole moment, in contrast to antiparallel sheets. Ab initio molecular‐orbital (MO) calculations on parallel and antiparallel β‐strands of tetra(Gly) show that they have very similar charge distributions. Interaction energies between two and three strands of tetra(Gly), obtained using the direct reaction field Hamiltonian, show that a particular choice of point charges is probably not crucial for calculating interactions within β‐sheets, but that it might be for calculating interactions between these sheets and other parts of a protein, in particular, α‐helices. The point‐charge representation of our MO‐SCF results will probably reduce the hazard of introducing artefacts in electrostatic calculations of protein conformational energies, provided the short‐range interactions are treated in a more realistic way, i.e., such that intra‐ and interchain induction effects are included.


Objective: We overcome the limitations of the traditional methods of evaluating enterprise profit capability,and exert the advantages of neural network.Methods: We establish an enterprise profit capability evaluating model based on Elman neural network.Results Conclusion: The proposed model is of high precision and great applicability.


By solving two body Dirac equations with potentials at finite temperature, we calculate the dissociation temperature of mesons in quark-gluon plasma. It is found that becomes higher with the relativistic correction than the from the Schrödinger equation. Both the short range interaction and the constant term of the potential at the long-range scale have a contribution to the shift of , while the spin interaction is negligible.


The social strata have changed from two social strata (worker and peasantry) into ten social strata in present China. The difference between the incomes of each social strata has directly influenced their opportunities of education. Using principles of rectification equality and interest compensation can benefit the realization of the equal opportunity of education during the sharp change of social strata.


The two-dimensional Reynolds averaged compressible Navier-Stokes equations are solved using MacCormack's second-order accurate explicit finite difference method to simulate the separated transonic tur- bulent flowfield over an airfoil. Four different algebraic eddy viscoisity models are tested for viability to achieve turbulence closure for the class of flows considered. These models range from an unmodified boundary-layer mixing-length model to a relaxation model incorporating special considerations for the separation bubble region. Results of this study indicate the necessity for special attention to the separated flow region and suggest limits of applicability of algebraic turbulence models to these separated flowfield. each of these studies the time-dependent Reynolds averaged Navier-Stokes equations for two-dimensional compressive flow are used and tur- bulence closure is achieved by means of model equations for the Reynolds stresses. Wilcox1'2 used a first-order accurate numerical scheme and the two equation differential tur- bulence model of Saffman 12 to simulate the supersonic shock boundary-layer interaction experiment of Reda and Mur- phy 13 and the compression corner flow of Law.14 Good quan- titative agreement with the Reda and Murphy data was ob- tained, but only the qualitative features of the compression corner flow were well simulated. Using a more sophisticated second-order accurate numerical scheme, Baldwin3'4 con- sidered both the two equation differential model of Saffman and a simpler algebraic mixing-length model to simulate the hypersonic shock boundary-layer interaction experiment of Holden.15 He found the more elaborate model of Saffman to yield somewhat better results than the algebraic model, but at the cost of considerably more computing time. Good quan- titative agreement with experiment was not obtained with either model. Following Baldwin's approach all subsequent investigations have been performed using the more rigorous second-order accurate numerical scheme of Mac- Cormack.17'18 Deiwert5'6'11 considered an algebraic mixing- length model to simulate the transonic airfoil experiment of McDevitt et al. 16 while Horstman et al. 8 used a similar ap- proach to simulate their hypersonic shock boundary-layer ex- periment on an axisymmetric cylinder. In each of these studies, while qualitative features of the flows were described well, good quantitative agreement with experiment in the in- teraction regions was not obtained. Using a relaxing turbulence model Shang and Hankey7 simulated the compression corner flow of Law, and Baldwin and Rose10 simulated the flat plate flow of Reda and Murphy. In each of these studies the relaxing model was found to per- form significantly better than the simpler algebraic model and, according to Shang and Hankey, provided significantly better comparisons with measurements than were obtained by Wilcox using the two equation differential model of Saffman. In each of these studies it was essential that the full Navier- Stokes equations be considered to describe the viscous- inviscid interaction and the elliptic nature of separating-


Latin American film studies has become a significant force since the turn of the millennium, a point that coincided with the emergence of a more commercial approach to fiction cinema from the region in large part due to significant changes in the funding and infrastructural support made available to many Latin American film-makers from the late 1990s onwards, as well as the much greater accessibility of their films due to changes in technology and online developments. Before then there were important tomes from the likes of Robert Stam, John King, Julianne Burton and Michael T. Martin , to name a few, but from 2000 the explosion of academic writing on cinemas to emerge from Latin America has been impossible to ignore. While this is largely very welcome for the increased diversity of voices and approaches that such interest and activity bring, it also makes it far harder for those working in the field to stand out.


Aim: To compare the clinical, radiographic, and prosthetic outcomes of zirconia-polyether ether ketone (PEEK) versus acrylic resin-metal mandibular full-arch fixed detachable implant prostheses (FDIP) during a two-year follow-up. Materials and methods: Twelve completely edentulous participants were selected. For each patient, six implants were installed in the mandible using a flapless surgical technique. Participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups: zirconia-PEEK FDIP or acrylic-metal FDIP. The clinical and radiographic parameters were assessed at prosthesis insertion, then after one and two years. The prosthetic complications were recorded from the time of prosthesis insertion for two years. Results: There were statistically significant differences in plaque and gingival indices as well as probing depth between the two groups, where the acrylic-metal group showed higher clinical outcome values than the zirconia-PEEK group. The zirconia-PEEK group showed significantly higher crestal bone loss than the acrylic-metal group. During the whole follow-up period, there were (n = 36, 62% of the total complications) prosthetic complications in the acrylic-metal group and (n = 22, 38 % of the total complications) in the zirconia-PEEK group. The total number of prosthetic complications was not significantly greater in the acrylic-metal group than in the zirconia-PEEK groups. There were no fractures of the prosthetic framework or abutment in either group. Conclusion: Within the limits of this study, zirconia-PEEK full-arch FDIP produces better clinical and prosthetic outcomes than acrylic-metal FDIP. However, zirconia-PEEK FDIP may lead to higher crestal bone loss than acrylic-metal FDIP.


The subgenus Asionebria of the genus Nebria Latreille, 1802 comprised three species when Shilenkov (1982) established it: the type species N. roborowskii Semenov, 1889, N. hiekei Shilenkov, 1982, and N. nanshanica Shilenkov, 1982. Redefining the subgenus, Ledoux & Roux (2005) transferred N. nanshanica to the subgenus Eunebria Jeannel, 1937. At the same time they added the following taxa to Asionebria: N. orientalis Banninger, 1949, N. unguinosa Ledoux, Roux & Sciaky, 1994, N. pharina Andrewes, 1929, and N. pharina walteriana Ledoux & Roux, 1997. At the moment the subgenus Asionebria consists of six taxa. All Asionebria taxa are restricted to the southern and eastern parts of the Tibetan Plateau from the northern face of the Himalaya to the Nan Shan (Qilian Shan) at the Qinghai-Gansu border. All species are adapted to high altitude habitats between 3500 m and 5000 m (Ledoux & Roux 2005). In order to search for the locations of last glaciation refugia of the alpine arthropod fauna of the Tibetan Plateau the junior author visited the central parts of the Tibetan Himalaya and Transhimalaya as well as the southern Chang Tang between 2007 and 2011. During these research trips, a huge number of local endemic ground beetle species were detected, e.g. in the genus Trechus Clairville, 1806 (Schmidt 2009). In addition, two populations of an obviously new Nebria species of the subgenus Asionebria were discovered in the uppermost parts of two glacier formed side valleys of the Kurum Valley in the Transhimalaya northwest of Lhasa. The new species is described below.


At present,various factors caused the relatively lag of social security system of rural workers,low degree of protection and imperfect of safeguard mechanism.But the main reasons were systems and administration of justice.The key to build a harmonious socialist society was to set up a social security system adapted to the characteristics of rural workers.It was also a "touchstone" to experiment social justice and harmony.Therefore,we should adhere to the principle of "the lamination classification,low standard,the broad cover,may switch through sustainable".Social security system adapted to the characteristics of rural workers should be founded,which had close relationship with rural workers,social stability and harmony.


Nedeva, I., Slavov, T., Varlyakov, I., Radev, V., & Panayotov, D. (2019). Haematological and blood biochemical parameters in Lacaune dairy sheep. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(Supp 1), 91–95 The effect of productivity (high and low) and season (winter vs summer) on venous blood morphology and biochemical parameters was investigated in dairy Lacaune sheep. Thirty-two animals were included in the experiment, divided into 2 groups. It was found out that during the winter, white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, thrombocytes, haemoglobin content, haematocrit and mean corpuscular haemoglobin increased both in high-productive and low-productive sheep (p < 0.05 – p < 0.001). Blood liver enzymes (ASAT, gamma glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase) exhibited elevation during the winter (p < 0.05 – p < 0.01). No seasonal infl uence has been observed with respect to the other assayed haematological (MCH, MCV, MCHC, RDW, MPV, PDW, PCT) and blood biochemical (glucose, creatinine, total cholesterol, triglycerides, Са, Р, total protein, albumins, globulins) parameters.


The current project proposes an integrated system (hardware and software) for real-time, wireless, remote acquisition of cardiac and other physiologic information from HF patients while in the home environment. Transducers for measurement of electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability (HRV), acoustical data are embedded into patient clothing for unobtrusive monitoring for early, sensitive detection of changes in physiologic status. Sampling rate for this system is 1 kHz per channel. Signal conditioning is performed in hardware by the patient wearable system, after which information is wirelessly transmitted to a central server located elsewhere in the home for signal processing, data storage, and data trending. The dynamic frequency ranges for the ECG and heart sounds (HS) are 0.05-160 Hz and 35-1350 Hz, respectively. The range-of-operation for the current patient-wearable physiologic data capture design is 100/spl plusmn/10 feet with direct line-of-sight to the home server station. Weight measurements are obtained directly by the in-home medical server using a digital scale. Physiologic information (ECG, HRV, HS, and weight) are dynamically analyzed using a combination o the LabVIEW (National Instruments, Inc.; Austin, TX) and MATLAB (MathWorks, Inc.; Inc; Natick, MA) software strategies. Software-based algorithms detect out-of-normal or alarm conditions for HR and weight as defined by the health care provider, information critical for HF patients. Health care professionals can remotely access vital data for improved management of heart failure.


A study was conducted in Aligarh district of Uttar Pradesh. The study covered ten villages and 300 respondents belong to small categories. The study aim to generalize socio-economic profile of the farmers and utilization of fertilizer technology in the area under study. The study highlighted that majority (63.33%) of the small farmers were in 31 to 45 year age group and living in pucca house. The majority (87.15%) respondents were educated up to high school there annual income range from 10, 000 to 25, 000 and member of atleast one organization they living in nuclear family system. Only 45.33 per cent respondent adopted the fertilizer technology in the range of 76–100 per cent level of adoption. In the selected area maximum overall adopters were belong to medium adoption categories with their nitrogenous, phosphatic and potassic fertilizers adoption i. e. 44.67, 41.00 and 04.67 per cent respectively. The correlation study indicated that adoption levels of nitrogenous and phosphatic fertilizer were significantly correlated with income and socio economic condition of the respondents.


The uropygial gland is a prominent feature of the avian anatomy but there is limited information on its structure and function. The gland is of current interest because it provides a source for volatile chemicals that can be used by birds in communication. We examined the anatomy of uropygial glands in Apteryx for the first time. The gland was located immediately caudal to the cloaca and surrounding the coccygeal bone rather than rostral to the coccygeal bone and above the posterior free caudal vertebrae as in other birds. This may explain why it has not been recognised until relatively recently. Like most uropygial glands Apteryx's were bilobar but possessed eight primary sinuses, each opening through its own orifice in the gland's papilla. Primary ducts were compact and branches of connective tissue extending from the capsule internally formed interfollicular septae that were thicker in some areas, grouping follicles into discrete lobules. Striated muscle was present in the capsule, a characteristic so far unique to Apteryx that may be used in controlling the expulsion of secretion. There were significant differences in the architecture of the follicles between species and sexes that suggest differences in the production, storage and availability of uropygial gland secretion. This was supported by variations in live bird's gland volume between two years of sampling. Atrophy of the uropygial gland was seen in two birds in poor condition suggesting that health impacts the functioning of the gland. This finding suggests an adaptive significance for the gland and offers a possible way for birds to communicate their health status through the production or composition of the secretion. More research is needed to fully understand the relationship between the anatomy of the gland in Apteryx and its function, but we propose that it plays roles in both feather maintenance and sociality.


Abstract : A new trigger is proposed containing a magnetic core with three magnetic contours of a material having hysteresis loops in a nearly rectangular position, and characterized by the fact that for the purpose of expanding the limits of the signal switch connection with power output, a 'Kholla' pick-up is placed in the first magnetic conteur and, in the magnetic circuit of the other two, are placed toroidal cores on which is wound a commutating winding. (Author)


The present invention, packaging made of cardboard or similar packaging material, especially in the form of cigarette packaging flap box, a packaging having a partial region of the packaging wall or packaging walls formed a two-layer, outer packaging wall, relates to a packaging comprising an opening portion formed by the punch (27) or cutout (31). In accordance with the present invention, a) the opening (27) or in the region of the cutout, it is provided with more of the packaging material or internal walls, b) the inner layer or inner wall, the opening (27) or cut-out in the region of part (31) has a material deformation of the persistence, in particular, it is proposed that has an embossing (29, 33) of the inner wall.


The pinch-off of liquid drops from the end of a flat plate has been studied. Gas flows parallel to the plate with mean velocity v, and creates a wake at the plate end. The break-up process is found to be reproducible, with the number of satellites increasing with both increasing velocity and increasing mass density. The diameter of the main drop after detachment, d, at Weber numbers exceeding 5 is found to be given by d/dv=0 = 1 – C Repl with C = (5.6 ± 0.3).10-5 for ethanol and C = (2.9 ± 0.4).10-5 for water. The diameter in quiescent gas, dv=0 , is easily predicted, and Repl is the Reynolds number based on v and the thickness of the plate. Diameters at smaller Weber numbers are better predicted by a similar correlation in terms of the Weber number. Instantaneous acceleration and forces on a drop have been measured and analyzed. Hydrodynamic interaction between liquid and gas at high gas velocities at moments of strong interaction could be quantified with the usual expression for the drag force and a drag coefficient of about 1.3.


The demand for improved decision-making products for cereal production systems has placed added emphasis on using plant sensors in-season, and that incorporate real-time, site specific, growing environments. The objectives of this work were to describe validated in-season sensor-based algorithms presently being used in cereal grain production systems for improving nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and cereal grain yields. A review of research programs in the central Great Plains that have developed sensor-based N recommendations for cereal crops was performed. Algorithms included multiple land-grant university, government, and industry programs. A common thread in this review is the use of active sensors, particularly those using the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) for quantifying differences in fertilized and non-fertilized areas, within a specific cropping season. In-season prediction of yield potential over different sites and years is possible using NDVI, planting date, sensing date, cumulative growing degree days (GDD), and rainfall. Other in-season environment-specific inputs have also been used. Early passive sensors have advanced to by-plant N fertilization using active NDVI and by-plant statistical properties. Most recently, sensor-based algorithm research has focused on the development of generalized mathematical models for determining optimal crop N application. The development and promotion of fee-based modeling approaches for nutrient management continues. Nonetheless, several algorithms using active sensors for in-season N management are available from state and government sources at no cost and that have been extensively field tested and can be modified by producers.


The utility model discloses an avalanche photodiode (APD) biasing circuit and an optical transmission device with the circuit, comprising an input end of a direct current supply, a PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) boost converter, current-storing inductance and a doubling circuit, wherein, one end of the current-storing inductance is connected with the input end of a direct current supply, on one hand, the other end is connected with the PWM output end of the PWM boost converter, and on the other hand, the other end is connected with the doubling circuit; under the control of PWM signals outputted by the PWM boost converter, after the voltage outputted by the current-storing inductance is boosted and processed, on one hand, the doubling circuit is connected with the bias voltage end of the avalanche photodiode through the output end thereof, and on the other hand, the doubling circuit is connected with the feedback end of the PWM boost converter through a sampling circuit. The APD biasing circuit controls the voltage booster circuit to work by adopting a PWM mode, thereby not only enlarging the input voltage range, but also being capable of providing reliable and stable bias working voltage for APD devices. The circuit has simple adjustment, easy control, convenient mass production and conversion.


Mammography and breast sonography are currently the preferred modalities for screening and diagnosing breast cancers. On mammography, breast composition is classified into four types as defined by the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) (1). Increased breast composition not only impairs the detection of breast lesions, but it also has been considered as a risk factor of breast cancer (2). Breast sonography is useful for evaluation of masses or asymmetries. There are several studies that investigated the sonographic findings for differentiating benign breast lesions from malignant breast lesions. With the increasing use of chest computed tomography (CT) in a variety of diagnostic pathways, breast abnormalities are being identified more frequently on chest CT (3). It is important that radiologists should not overlook breast lesions on chest CT and they should be aware of CT appearances of malignant and benign breast lesions (4). In a previous study, chest CT showed a higher interreader agreement for readings of breast composition as compared to mamDetection of Breast Abnormalities on Enhanced Chest CT: Correlation with Breast Composition on Mammography 조영증강 흉부단층촬영검사에서 유방 병변의 발견: 유방 실질의 구성과의 연관성


Combined heavy metal pollution is one of main soil pollutions.In order to investigate the ability of Pteris vittata in restoring soils with combined heavy metal pollution,water cultured experiment was utilized to study the accumulation of Pb and Zn in Pteris vittata and the detoxification mechanism of Pteris vittata to heavy metals under the combined Pb and Zn exposure.The experimental results show that under Pb and Zn combined exposure,Zn improved the enrichment ability of Pteris vittata roots and stems for Pb,and reduced its translocation ability for Pb as well.Pb also improved the translocation ability of the plant for Zn and its enrichment ability.The enrichmant ability of Pteris vittata for Pb was stronger than for Zn.With increasing heavy metal concentrations,chlorophyll content incrensed first and then decreased.Malondialdehyde(MDA) content decreaed first and then increasd.Starch,sucrose and superoxide radical(O-2 ·) contents all increased gradually.These results show that starch,sucrose and superoxide radical(O-2 ·) had certain detoxification function,and strengthened resistance of the plants to heavy metals.These results also show that Pteris vittata has tolerance and enrichment ability to Pb and Zn,and Pteris vittata can be used to restore Pb polluted soil and Pb-Zn combined polluted soil under low Zn concentrations.


Aims. We present colour–magnitude diagrams (CMDs) of young massive star clusters in several galaxies located well beyond the Local Group. The richness of these clusters allows us to obtain large samples of post-main sequence stars and test how well the observed CMDs are reproduced by canonical stellar isochrones. Methods. We use imaging of seven clusters in the galaxies NGC 1313, NGC 1569, NGC 1705, NGC 5236 and NGC 7793 obtained with the Advanced Camera for Surveys on board the Hubble Space Telescope and carry out PSF-fitting photometry of individual stars in the clusters. The clusters have ages in the range ∼(5−50) × 10 6 years and masses of ∼10 5 M� –10 6 M� . Although crowding prevents us from obtaining photometry in the inner regions of the clusters, we are still able to measure up to 30–100 supergiant stars in each of the richest clusters. The resulting CMDs and luminosity functions are compared with photometry of artificially generated clusters, designed to reproduce the photometric errors and completeness as realistically as possible. Results. In agreement with previous studies, our CMDs show no clear gap between the H-burning main sequence and the Heburning supergiant stars, contrary to predictions by common stellar isochrones. In general, the isochrones also fail to match the observed number ratios of red-to-blue supergiant stars, although the difficulty of separating blue supergiants from the main sequence complicates this comparison. In several cases we observe a large spread (1–2 mag) in the luminosities of the supergiant stars that cannot be accounted for by observational errors. We find that this spread can be reproduced by including an age spread of ∼(10−30) × 10 6 years in the models. However, age spreads cannot fully account for the observed morphology of the CMDs and other processes, such as the evolution of interacting binary stars, may also play a role. Conclusions. Colour–magnitude diagrams can be successfully obtained for massive star clusters out to distances of at least 4–5 Mpc. Comparing such CMDs with models based on canonical isochrones we find several areas of disagreement. One interesting possibility is that an age spread of up to ∼30 Myr may be present in some clusters. The data presented here may provide useful constraints on models for single and/or binary stellar evolution.


In the title compound, C10H8N3S+·NO3 −·H2O, one of the N atoms of the benzimidazole unit is protonated, unlike than that in the thiazole group. This protonation leads to equalization of the bond angles at the two N atoms of the benzimidazole group. The benzimidazole and thiazole systems are almost coplanar, forming a dihedral angle of 0.5 (2)°. In the crystal, the nitrate anion and water molecule bridge the thiabendazolium cations through N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, leading to a supramolecular network based on an infinite one-dimensional chain using [001] as base vector.


The nitriding process is widely used to improve the tribological properties and wear resistance of metal surfaces. The components to be treated are subjected to a high cathodic potential to produce plasma directly on their surfaces in the plasma nitriding. An "edge effect" occurs due to distortions of the electric field around the corners and edges of the components although the components are well heated. This results in nonuniformity in properties such as the hardness and thickness of the surface layer. Recently, there has been considerable interest in active-screen plasma nitriding (ASPN). In this process, the edge effect is completely eliminated because the plasma is produced on the cage and not directly on the samples, and sputtering of material from screen is important for ASPN. In this study, austenitic stainless steel SUS 316L and silicon (Si) were nitrided by ASPN to investigate the effect of surface deposits from the screen. ASPN experiments were carried out using a DC plasma-nitriding unit. The sample was placed on the sample stage in a floating potential and isolated from the cathodic screen and the anode. The screen, which was SUS 316L expanded metal with 38% open area ratio, was mounted on the cathodic stage around the sample stage. ASPN was performed in a nitrogen-hydrogen atmosphere with 25% N2 + 75% H2 for 7.2-90 ks at 673 K under 200 Pa. After nitriding, the nitrided samples were examined using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Vickers microhardness and glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy. The nitrogen-expanded austenite (S phase) was formed on the surface of both samples. Additionally, Υ'-Fe4N and CrN were also formed on the Si surface. The thickness of the deposits increased linearly with increasing with nitriding time. That of the nitrided layer of S phase also increased whereas the deviation from parabolic law was observed.


To live and thrive in an ever changing environment, a living organism must be capable of sensing the environmental stimuli and making corresponding adaptive responses. This "stimulus-response" process is mediated by a series of signaling events. It appears that the more advanced the organism is, the more positive and quicker the responses display. This can be best demonstrated in animals where the nerve-mediated signaling enable animal to react swiftly and purposefully, thus preserving them from possible harms. The nervemediated signaling is characterized by a pattern of long-distance signaling, i.e., when one part is stimulated another distinct part of the body may take corresponding actions. Systematic signaling can be interpreted as a pattern of "stimulus-response" that when local part is stimulated the whole body may take corresponding actions. Clearly, long-distance signaling is the basis of the systemic signaling and embodies a kind of advanced responding behavior to an ever changing environment. While the systemic signaling has been well known for its crucial roles of in animals, it has been largely overlooked in plants owing to the inability of plants to move. In recent years, with a rapid progress in molecular biology, the molecular mechanisms for stress-resistance in plants have attracted considerable attentions. Studies on the molecular basis of stress tolerance have revealed that in response to environmental stresses expressions of numerous genes associated with stress tolerances can be regulated, indicating that plant cells are indeed able to sense and respond to environmental stresses. Like animals, the growth and development of advanced plants depends a cooperative regulation of different tissues and organs, therefore, plants should have evolved the capability to sense and respond to various stress stimuli through the systemic signaling. Nevertheless, while particular interests and attentions have been paid on the cellular signaling transduction, knowledge about the roles of the systemic signaling in plant adaptation responses is relatively scarce.


In collaboration with Wallakra stenkarlsfabrik, the possibility of making a factory building (dating from 1864) more energy efficient has been investigated. The aim was to seek practical solutions that could be applied to a historical building without compromising its external appearance. A series of solutions, such as internally improving the building envelope and options for renewable heating and ventilation systems have been identified and analysed. In order to analyse the effectiveness of the different methods, building U-value and energy calculations have been made using the program Isover Energy 3. For the sake of a easy and more valued comparison of the different methods. For the different insulation options for the exterior walls, a cost calculation has been implemented, using the program Wikells sektionsdata, to provide a further aspect for this comparison. The ability to improve existing buildings is fundamentally important for the sustainability credentials of both the building and the environment. Something that was proved possible to increase the energy efficiency was with additional insulation. Most importantly however, was by replacing the heating system. Finally, it was established that it is very difficult to decide which energy improving solution can be deemed best for existing buildings. This is because, in many cases it is indeed hard to think of and consider all the effects of a restoration. (Less)


Introductory economics textbook models and theories are simple, intuitive, and elegant. Another thing they have in common is they are not supported by the data. Textbook models such as exchange rate determination are reviewed and compared to empirical literature. It is argued that much of the material taught in intro courses is irrelevant for many students. Three major sources or irrelevance are identified. First, many of the theories have no external validation. Second, some are incomplete. Students need to take additional courses for understanding these incomplete theories. Last, textbooks do not describe nor discuss aspects of the economy that would be of great interest for any citizen. This work asks how the teaching of introductory economics can become more useful and attractive for the majority of students, especially those who do not seek a degree in economics.


For sharing and expressing opinions, an individual can use the virtual space in the web and Social media is a platform for such things; where discuss on certain issues, comments on different facts and comparing things with others. On the other hand, consumer marketing and brand management are connected with it and create much more complexity in this global, quickly growing technology-world. Also it influences consumer purchasing behavior and purchasing attitude. Currently, social media like facebook, youtube, etc., has gained remarkable attention in the last decade. Social media has become so important in affecting purchasing behavior of prospective customers that the companies have their own social site to handle to provide customers information they require and found it easily. The major focus on this paper is to describe the potential benefits associated with the application of machine learning techniques. Adopting a Neuro-Fuzzy system that, under uncertainty, has the capacity to process information towards better choices linked to virtual retail system parameter. Focus is on the particular field like business, education, society and youth how it affects society in a broad way.


for Rogue waves 2000 workshop, Brest, 29{30 November To explore the potential for nonlinear focusing of wave energy as an avenue to produce freak waves, it is desirable to employ a model that can follow the nonlinear evolution of a wave eld in both space and time. The desired model should obey the empirical scaling laws that are observed in the eld. We have earlier reported (Trulsen & Dysthe 1997) that characteristic values for steepness and bandwidth for freak ocean wave trains can be kcac 0:12 and k=kc 0:4, where kc, ac and k are the characteristic wavenumber, amplitude and modulation wavenumber, respectively. Therefore, we have previously argued that the modulation should be scaled as the square root of the steepness; we thus derived a modi ed nonlinear Schrodinger equation for this purpose (Trulsen & Dysthe 1996). Recently, we have taken the consequence of the importance of linear dispersion to an extreme, and enhanced the modi ed nonlinear Schrodinger equation with exact linear dispersion (Trulsen et al. 2000). Early attempts to simulate a 2D ocean surface with the nonlinear Schrodinger equation were only partially successful due to energy leakage that broadened an initially narrow spectrum such that the model eventually violated its own bandwidth constraint. The higher-order modi ed nonlinear Schrodinger equation reduced the leakage such that 2D simulations became feasible. As of the new equation with exact linear dispersion, the leakage is completely eliminated. Still, numerical integration can be done as e ciently as for the conventional nonlinear Schrodinger equation through operator splitting methods. For practical application, it may be more useful to perform space-domain simulation than time-domain simulation. Quantitative eld observations are usually made measuring a time series of the surface displacement at one or a few xed points, implying that a time-domain simulation tool would be di cult to initialize. We cast the modi ed nonlinear Schrodinger equation with exact linear dispersion as a space domain simulator, and \initialize" it with a measured time series of freak waves at a point. The wave train is thus propagated upand downstream from the probe. The consequences for neighboring marine constructions can then be discussed. Trulsen, K. & Dysthe, K. B. 1996 A modi ed nonlinear Schrodinger equation for broader bandwidth gravity waves on deep water. Wave Motion 24, 281{289. Trulsen, K. & Dysthe, K. B. 1997 Freak waves | A three-dimensional wave simulation. In Proceedings of the 21st Symposium on Naval Hydrodynamics, pp. 550{560. National Academy Press. Trulsen, K., Kliakhandler, I., Dysthe, K. B. & Velarde, M. G. 2000 On weakly nonlinear modulation of waves on deep water. Phys. Fluids 12, 2432{2437.


The study aimed to measuring impact of real, financial and monetary variables on inflation in Sudan within the period 1990-2020, to achieve this goal a standard model for the relationship between the variables of the study was formulated and constructed. The data of this study was collected from Central bank of Sudan and Ministry of Finance reports. The study adopts the descriptive method coupled with econometrics tools to reach its goal and achieve its hypothesis, also study used the method of co-integration, Error Correction model (ECM) and Augment-Dickey-fuller (ADF) test to estimate the relationship between variables of the study. The results show that there is a correlation between the variables. The study main findings indicated the existence of a statistically negative relationship between GDP and inflation, and negative relationship between exchange rate and inflation, and negative relationship between exports and inflation, and positive relationship between monetary supply and inflation, and positive relationship between government expenditure. The study findings out that increase exchange rate with 1% that leads to a decrease in inflation rates by 1.6%. The study recommends a deflation financial and monetary policies, increase of production particularly the agricultural sector product, monitor the mining and export of gold.
Keywords: Autoregressive model, Financial and Monetary variables, Inflation, Measurement.


In an investigation of self-diffusion in bcc $\ensuremath{\beta}$-Ti single crystals by means of both quasielastic and inelastic neutron scattering, the elementary diffusion jump has been determined directly, and the lattice vibrations which trigger the jump have been elucidated. The elementary jump for self-diffusion is a simple \textonehalf{} [111] jump into a nearest-neighbor vacancy. The reason for the anomalously fast self-diffusion is a fluctuation of $\ensuremath{\omega}$-phase type which facilitates jumps into neighboring vacancies.


The tiny nematode worm Caenorhabditis elegans has long been a popular model organism for genetic, developmental, and biochemical studies in which worm microinjection plays a critical role. This paper presents an automated robotic system for high-speed injection of C. elegans with an efficiency more than 10 times faster than that of a proficient injection technician. To facilitate the injection process, a multilayer, hydraulically-controlled polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic device is developed to rapidly load, immobilize, flush, sort and collect individual worms. In addition, a newly proposed contact detection algorithm is adopted to find the optimal injection position along the z axis within the microscope view field. The direction and location of the needle tip are identified online based on an effective image processing algorithm. According to continuous injection of 40 worms, our system is able to perform worm injection at a speed of 6.6 worms per minute with a pre-sorting success rate of 77.5% (post sorting: 100%). The superior performance provided by the system will significantly facilitate large-scale transgenic studies and biomolecule screening on C. elegans.


Introduction and objective: The incorporation of propolis in dentifrices aims to more effectively assist the control and prevention of oral pathologies through the elimination of pathogens present in the biofilm. However, little is known about the antimicrobial efficacy of different products on the market for microorganisms for these conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the antimicrobial action of three propolis-containing dentifrices on oral pathogens. Material and methods: The agar diffusion method was used to analyze three propolis-based dentifrices, including: Noplak Max®, Protta® and Forever Bright®. A non-propolis dentifrice (Malvatrikids®) was employed as a negative control. Positive controls were 0.2% chlorhexidine, further diluted 30% to match the chlorhexidine concentration of one of the evaluated dentifrices and 11% propolis extract (Apis Flora®). For the determination of antimicrobial activity the strains of Fusobacterium nucleatum and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus mutans, Lactobacillus acidophilus and Candida albicans were used. Results: Of the tested dentifrices, Protta® and Forever Bright® showed inhibitory action against S. mutans, E. faecalis and C. albicans microorganisms. Noplak® dentifrice showed low antimicrobial activity, being limited to S. mutans and E. faecalis. When there was an antimicrobial effect, the diameter of the growth inhibition halos ranged from 9mm to 28.83mm. Conclusion: The use of a propolis-containing dentifrice for eventual use as a therapeutic adjunct in dentistry is fully justified, considering the pharmacological activities.


The word "Maotou" was used many times in Buddhist Scripture Document. It appeared in Chinese versions of Buddhist scriptures in the Southern and Northern Dynasties. However, Grand Chinese Dictionary has not mentioned the meanings of "Maotou" in Buddhist Scripture Document. In the present study, the word "Maotou" in Buddhist Scripture Document is combed and analyzed; its meanings are explored; and the etymologies of its relevant words are traced.


This paper briefly introduces the main content,functions and the role of the constraction of engineering education certification system construction,combined with electronic information engineering of Chongqing University of Technology,analyzes the main factors to talents training of higher education in our country at present stage,and brings forward some advice that the university should strengthen themselves,improve for cultivating the high quality talented person ability from deepening education teaching reform,clarify professional features,and strengthen the construction of the teaching staff,etc.


Introduction. It is common practice in on-pump cardiac surgery to stop
 mechanical ventilation when extracorporeal circulation is started or to
 continue with low tidal volumes. The aim of this study was to investigate
 whether patients ventilated with low tidal volumes had a lower percentage of
 postoperative pulmonary complications compared to patients who were not
 ventilated during cardiopulmonary bypass. Material and Methods. This
 retrospective study included patients who underwent coronary artery bypass
 graft surgery over a period of 14 months. Patients with lung diseases and
 those with an ejection fraction < 30% were excluded from the study. Results.
 A total of 499 patients were included in the study. Of these, 398 were
 ventilated with low tidal volumes, while 101 patients were not ventilated
 during extracorporeal circulation. The groups did not differ in baseline
 characteristics, comorbidities, and intraoperative data. Pulmonary
 complications were equally prevalent in both groups (ventilated 16%, not
 ventilated 17.8%). The most frequent were the need for prolonged mechanical
 ventilation (ventilated 5.8%, not ventilated 5.9%), and pleural effusions
 (ventilated 4.8%, not ventilated 5.9%). The incidence of pneumonia was
 identical in both groups (2%). Other complications were less frequent.
 Duration of mechanical ventilation after surgery, stay in the intensive care
 unit, and in-hospital mortality did not differ significantly between the
 groups. Conclusion. Pulmonary complications after cardiac surgery are still
 common. The experience at our clinic showed that the choice of mechanical
 ventilation strategy during cardiopulmonary bypass does not affect
 postoperative pulmonary complications.


Abstract
 Hazing has long been a part of group initiation practices within schools, fraternal organizations and sport teams. Recent increases in reported incidents demonstrate that hazing is both prevalent and dangerous within high schools, colleges and universities world-wide. Sport has historically been used to foster a multitude of positive benefits, including teamwork, fair play and physical fitness. Unfortunately, hazing within sport is commonplace and represents a substantial source of liability. The purpose of this study was to conduct a content analysis of US published case law involving liability for hazing at the high school and collegiate levels in order to develop recommendations for educators and sport managers aimed at reducing hazing and limiting liability.


The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanism of community-based ecotourism management and community development in the village Cipta Gelar Mountain Salak National Park in the management of ecotourism. The study uses survey methodology is supported by in-depth interviews as well as field observations associated with ecotourism components and mechanisms, such as tourist attractions, tourist facilities, accessibility, promotion, partnership and empowerment. Community based ecotourism management scheme in village Cipta Gelar has natural and cultural tourist attractions are diverse and unique, such as: mountain scenery, rice fields, flora and fauna, the pattern of society still holds strong ancestral traditions, such as ceremonial epidemic, tradition of farming, building a house, the architecture of the house, hand souvenirs, making it all the palm sugar into tourism products, but its implementation has not been able to run optimally. Tourist facilities available are quite good. The road network is not good enough and not yet available. Community empowerment programs implemented have not done intensively and most especially in the management of community-based ecotourism so not many tangible economic benefits for the community.


Geometric structures, electronic states and energies of Ga n P and Ga n P 2 (n= 1—7) clusters have been studied using the density functional theory. Structural optimization and frequency analysis were carried out at the B3LYP/6-31G * level.All ground states of Ga n P and Ga n P 2 (n=1—7) clusters have been obtained.Our calculations reveal that there exists a transition from planar to spacial structures at n=5 with increasing cluster size. The strong P-P bond is favored over P-Ga in Ga n P 2 (n=1—7) clusters. Among different Ga nP and Ga n P 2 (n=1—7) clusters, Ga 3 P,Ga 4 P, GaP 2 , Ga 2 P 2 and Ga 4 P 2 are more stable. Their stability tends to reduce with the increase of the number of total atoms.


Recent research in software architecture and design patterns has focussed on identifying existing large-scale chunks of design, with the intent of communicating these designs so that they may be reused. However, these design patterns, idioms, and styles are typically given to designers whole and the rationale for their internal structure is seldom made clear. Because of this, the relationship between these operations and non-functional qualities is difficult to reason about. This paper presents a theory of more primitive design operations (called unit operations) that have been derived through a study of the software design literature and interviews with expert software designers. Unit operations are common structure-modifying operations that designers regularly employ, things like: abstraction, resource sharing, is-a decomposition, etc. The relationship between unit operations and non-functional qualities is determined through an empirical study that surveys expert industrial designers of large-scale software systems. The result of this study is a design space—a set of design rules—that not only clarifies the complex relationships between the unit operations, system requirements, and nonfunctional qualities, but suggests areas where further refinement of the operations needs to be made.


Summary.  We propose an approach for estimating the date of lost confidence of jet engines, which are devices with multiple components subject to disruption. A mixed Weibull distribution is estimated from a large data set subject to censoring at various times. Parametric uncertainty is derived analytically and mapped visually onto the functions of use in reliability theory, including the hazard function. We demonstrate the use of the method on a database of disruption times for components in 325 jet engines.


Consider the equilibrium of an elastic cylinder fixed at one end and loaded at the other end. The solution of this problem according to Saint-Venant is well known. This solution gives a uniquely determined stress system, but the corresponding displacement contains an arbitrary rigid body motion. In this paper, we first relax the boundary conditions at the fixed end to six conditions by an energy consideration. These conditions determine the arbitrary rigid body motion in Saint-Venant's solution uniquely. Then the translations and rotations of any transverse cross section is defined by a similar energy consideration. The center of twist is defined as the point which remains fixed during the twist of the cylinder. The center of shear is defined as such a point that when the resultant of transverse loads passes through it, transverse cross sections have no rotations about the longitudinal axis. It is shown that these two centers have identical coordinates
where ψ is the warping function in the problem of torsion, and I_x ,I_y are the principal moments of: inertia of the cross section. It is proved that for constant transverse loads with parallel directions, the one which passes through the center of shear produces minimum strain energy in the cylinder.


The invention discloses a temperature control device and method for a medium temperature surface radiation source, and belongs to the technical field of temperature control. The device comprises a power module, a temperature control module, a radiation head module, an embedded computer control module, and an optoelectronic isolator. The device employs a precise temperature control measurement module to precisely control a radiation panel of the medium temperature surface radiation source, employs the technologies of dynamic adjustment temperature control power and multipoint nonlinear correction, achieves the large-area and broadband infrared radiation output, and improves the temperature stability, uniformity and temperature rise and fall time.


PHAtI~IACOLOGICAL STUDIES (1) and early chmcal reports (fi, 8, 4) have ath-lbuted to trlflUolobromchlorethane (CFaCHC1Br, Fluothane) a comblnatmn of pharmacologlcal achons n m q u e among the volatile,' anaesthehe agents. Ready control labll)ty, r ap id pos tope rahve ehmina t lon , a d e q u a t e po tency , a reversible hypo tens lve achon and absence of explosive proper t igs are obvious advan tages m the anaest h e h c m a n a g e m e n t of the neurosurg ica l pa t i en t This repor t is conce rned wit b 3 O2.admmxstratmns of F l u o t h a n e for minor and m a ~ neurosurglca l p rocedures The results of liver f u n e h o n tests p e r f o r m e d on 31 pahen t s will be presen ted , certain chmca l obse rvahons and the impress ions der ived the re f rom will be assessed and discussed, and an evaluat ion wil l be a t t e m p t e d of e iee t rocard lographic records ob ta ined on 8I occasions in 9.9 pahen t s .


Despite having occupied an important position in the United States Office of War Information (OWI) and having actively participated in a decisive period of Communication Research, Dorothy Blumenstock Jones is a name almost forgotten in the history of the field of communication. All we know about her biography is like some puzzle pieces, although she made significant contributions to the study of movies in the 20th century. This paper seeks to portray not only biographical data about Jones but especially to map her work and its proposals related to the development of film analysis and content analysis - and to place her on the list of pioneers of communication studies.


In the presence of pyridine,the Pd-catalyzed addition reaction of CO and CCl 4 to 1-octene can be carried out smoothly under mild conditions.In this reaction,the coadducts 2-(2,2,2-trichlorethyl) octanoates and simple addition products 1,1,1,3-tetrachlors-nonanes were afforded in different alcohols.


In this paper, we examine a semi-linear parabolic Cauchy problem with non-Lipschitz nonlinearity which arises as a generic form in a significant number of applications. Specifically, we obtain a well-posedness result and examine the qualitative structure of the solution in detail. The standard classical approach to establishing well-posedness is precluded owing to the lack of Lipschitz continuity for the nonlinearity. Here, existence and uniqueness of solutions is established via the recently developed generic approach to this class of problem (Meyer & Needham 2015 The Cauchy problem for non-Lipschitz semi-linear parabolic partial differential equations. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series, vol. 419) which examines the difference of the maximal and minimal solutions to the problem. From this uniqueness result, the approach of Meyer & Needham allows for development of a comparison result which is then used to exhibit global continuous dependence of solutions to the problem on a suitable initial dataset. The comparison and continuous dependence results obtained here are novel to this class of problem. This class of problem arises specifically in the study of a one-step autocatalytic reaction, which is schematically given by A→B at rate apbq (where a and b are the concentrations of A and B, respectively, with 0


The software clustering literature contains many different approaches that attempt to automatically decompose software systems. These approaches commonly utilize criteria or measures based on principles such as high cohesion and low coupling, information hiding etc. We present an algorithm that subscribes to a philosophy targeted towards program comprehension and based on subsystem patterns. We discuss the algorithm's implementation and describe experiments that demonstrate its usefulness.


Increased long-term survival seen in patients with solid and hematologic cancers achieved as a result of aggressive chemoradiotherapy has come at a price. Therapy-related acute myeloid leukemia has been frequently documented in these patient cohorts, and its biology well studied. Recognition of secondary non-Hodgkin lymphoma as a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in these patients is equally important. The patterns of incidence and latency of secondary lymphomas is distinct from that of myeloid malignancies and other solid cancers. We have systematically analyzed and summarized reports from various groups over the last three decades. Risk of secondary lymphomas increases after the first 5 years of completion of chemotherapy or radiotherapy and persists for more than three decades. This reinforces the need for long-term follow-up of all patients exposed to chemoradiotherapy and confirms that chemotherapeutic agents can cause lymphoma. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2007;16(3):377–80)


Corruption, harassment in a workplace, practices contrary to the correct work process, and many others are irregularities that can arise in any enterprise. This is a problem that affects established democracies and free markets and post-communist countries that are transitioning to democracy and market economies. While the causes of irregularities vary, the tools often suggested tackling them include that do not necessarily encourage potential whistleblowers to report them, whether inside or outside the organization. This article discusses the role of whistleblowing as a whistleblowing tool. Describes the law and whistleblowing in a comparative context, focusing on the United States and the European Union. The article then concludes with recommendations for strengthening whistleblowing in Europe, where reporting irregularities is just beginning, and the level of protection differs between the Member States.


This study verified the effect of clean beauty consumer's environmental value on consumption efficacy and consumption behavior. From March 20, 2023 to April 10, 2023, A total of 245 copies of valid data were collected from adult women who had purchased and used clean beauty cosmetics proposed by Oliveyoung. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 program. And Frequency analysis, Exploratory factor analysis, Cronbach's α, Correlation analysis, Multiple regression analysis were conducted. The results of the study are as follows. First, The higher the environment conservative value and social altruistic value of clean beauty consumers, and the lower the egoistic value, the higher the consumption efficacy. Second, the higher the environmental conservative value and social altruistic value of clean beauty cosmetics consumers, and the lower the egoistic value, the higher the satisfaction. Third, the higher the environmental conservative value and social altruistic value of clean beauty cosmetics consumers, and the lower the egoistic value, the higher the repurchase intention. This study is expected to have a positive impact on corporate ESG management as well as profit by helping to establish product and marketing strategies for the growth and development of the clean beauty cosmetics market.


The main oil-bearing horizons of the No.2 structural belt of the Nanpu subbasin are sandstone of the First Member of the Paleogene Dongying Formation and Ordovician limestone.Analysis of several items of organic geochemical markers of source rocks and crude oil samples from well LPN1 indicates that: the sedimentary environment of principal source rocks in the study area was a continental shallow-lake,weakly reduced environment;the source rocks of the First and Second members of the Dongying Formation are immature;and the source rocks of the Third Member of the Dongying Formation and the Shahejie Formation are mature,with a depth threshold of petroleum generation of 3100 m and a principal petroleum generation threshold below 3700 m,belonging to the Shahejie Formation.The integrated correlation of gas chromatogram and mass spectrum parameters of saturated hydrocarbons in oil and source rocks suggests that petroleum of the First Member of the Dongying Formation mainly came from source rocks of the First Member of the Shahejie Formation and formed an petroleum accumulation characterized by "generation below and accumulation above",while Ordovician petroleum was mainly derived from source rocks of the Third Member of the Shahejie Formation,forming a petroleum accumulation characterized by "generation in younger strata and accumulation in an older reservoir".


Lysosomes are acidic organelles that are critically involved in a number of physiological processes, including macromolecule degradation, endocytosis, autophagy, exocytosis and cholesterol homeosta ...


The border certainly plays a role of primary importance both in the disciplinary cornerstones of Political Geography and in the evolutionary scenarios of Geopolitics. Its archetypal nature makes it a matrix of thought and manifesta- tions as complex as it is essential, naturally attributable to the function of the barrier par excellence. The present contribution intends to conduct the analysis by observing the border notion in cyberspace – such as the space of the Web, telematic flows and virtual networks which, however, strongly influence the (more) tangible space of the geographical reality. In this context, the border line is characterized by connection and connectivity; becomes a more and more sought-after defense barrier – i.e. the firewall, the wall of bits not to be crossed – by the many malicious attacks that influence any government agenda or daily on-line activity, up to "delimit" an interesting, functional and biunivocal, relationship of belonging between cyberspace and "real-space". For the purposes of the analysis, therefore, against the backdrop of a vigorous resurgence – assuming there has been a sunset – of state and local logics in the so-called post global paradigm, the cases of cyber-nationalism at the beginning of the millennium and of the most recent cyber-wars between states will be reviewed, considering them as emblematic examples of a varied territoriality-sovereignty relationship. In fact, these examples seem to refer to a change in approaches and related spatial repercussions, with implications that do not necessarily refer to an easy transition between old and new conceptions but convey a circular evolutionary sense that is anything but obvious.


The effect of bootstrap current perturbation on the onset of neoclassical tearing modes (NTMs) is studied numerically based on two-fluid equations, using externally applied resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) as triggers. With increasing the bootstrap current density, a larger RMP is found to be required to excite the NTM's onset when the bi-normal electron fluid velocity is in the ion drift direction, being contrary to the conventional understanding that the bootstrap current perturbation is always destabilizing. For the electron fluid velocity in the electron drift direction, however, the opposite results are found.


Originated from industry and cities,social security system is the result of social and economic development.In the process of "Modern New Kunming",the process of urbanization is speeding up,and this will not only change the intra-area modes of production but also extract the reform about the mode of economic develop.Furthermore,the city will be expanded to hold more people,and peasants whose traditional mode of production and life depend on this land for generations will become townsman thoroughly.As a traditional county and a part of new Kunming,rural social security system of urban and rural balance will be built as soon as possible in Jinning.


This study used a preliminary survey to help develop an ergonomic flight jacket that is suitable for the working environment and mission performance. The results are as follows. The ergonomic sleeve pattern was designed with a forward 165° incline that considers a shoulder joint direction suitable for the motion; in addition, a closely design opening provided warmth and safety from fire. As a result of the dimensional suit¬ability, pilots evaluated that sleeve length and total length of the developed flight jacket were a little long (p<.01), while flight engineers and crew evaluated that those of the developed flight jacket were appropriate (p<.01). Pilots evaluated that chest circumference and waist circumference were large (p<.05), while flight engineers and crews evaluated that those of the developed flight jacket were appropriate. The evaluation of the motion suitability indicated that pilots, flight engineers and crew found the developed flight jacket more comfortable than the current flight jacket (p<.05, p<.01, p<.001). The evaluation of the usability of pockets and penholders indicated that pilots, flight engineers and crew found the developed jacket easier to use (p<.01). The flight engineers and crew evaluated that the appearance of the developed flight jacket was better than the current flight jacket (p<.05). The results of this study show that the difference of environment and mission performance has a significant influence on evaluation; therefore, it is necessary to develop separate military uniforms that included a winter flight jacket to reflect the needs of each group.


1. Objective : This research is a study about constitutional diagnosis through the external appearances, especialy it is for finding shape differences of the upper-face pictures of moire, according to the Sasang constitution 2. Method : We have collected 98 cases of femail patients of the Sasang Constitutional Department, including employees of the Kyung-Hee Medical Center and took pictures of moire of upper face and measured 50 points. We analyzed shape differences of the upper face according to the Sasang constitution. 3. Results : Analysing the moire of upper face, the characteristics according to sasang constitution presented. 4. Conclusion : Soyangin had a projected part of left upper face compared with taeumin. With the image of moire, the characteristics of upper face according to sasang constitution was found.


The specificity of the hospital's green features and function of the hospital plant applications were summarized.Taking West China Hospital in Sichuan Province as an example,the hospital's plant species,configurations,types of space creating and the pros and cons of the plant configure were studied.Then,a hospital plant configuration principle was proposed.Finally,through empirical research,the plant configuration in the Han Chinese Medicine Hospital was designed.