The media enables science to come closer to society in the process of popularization of its discourse. On this track, the open television channels favor the presentation of 'takes' that address health care and prevention with news and entertainment programs. However, there are few programs that are dedicated to these specific themes (Pinheiro, 2011). Among the few programs that focus on health, Vida e Saude (Life and Health) in RBSTV/RS is highlighted here. In this program, the discourse of science, focusing on man's health, is diluted in different frameworks such as those dealing with aesthetics or behavior. This paper is related to the research called "Voice Mosaic: the discourse on man's health in regional TV"4 and it involves the discussion on man's health in the regional television program "Vida e Saude." Partly as a result of the research, this article aims to determine which 'takes' and which topics related to man's health are addressed in this program broadcast on Saturday mornings. These results discussed with the themes presented in the National Policy for Integral Attention to Man's Health: Principles and guidelines of the Health Department, the National Health Care Agency, and the Strategic and Programmatic Actions Office (BRAZIL, 2009). For this investigation, the programs between August 2010 and December 2010 were investigated.


Objective To study the effect of the hypoglycemic effects of Jiangtang Mixture.Method Experimental diabetes model induced by alloxan was used to determine the levels of blood sugar,insulin and glucose tolerance.Results Jiangtang Decoction could reduced levels of blood sugar,glucose tolerance curve and increased levels of serum insulin.Conclusion Jiangtang Mixture had the effect of lowing the blood sugar.


This paper describes the adaptation of an upper-division undergraduate seminar course taught at the University of Missouri in Columbia (MU) to the Summer School Program of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences in Beijing (UCAS). The course "Scientific Writing in Chemistry" addresses an essential need for science students across the globe to receive experiential education in scientific writing. An assignment-based curriculum was developed to instruct students on best practices in writing a scientific paper and to educate students about the scientific publication process and peer review. The semester-long MU course that included three meetings per week and had low enrollment was adapted to 20 h UCAS block courses with much higher enrollments. The drastic differences in scale and mode of delivery posed numerous nontrivial challenges and required modifications of the teaching goals. Because of the short duration of the summer courses, the MU curriculum with its focus on "working on assignments and wor...


LDLR mutations cause familial hypercholesterolemia and early atherosclerosis. Since ABCA1 facilitates free cholesterol efflux from peripheral tissues, we set out to investigate the effects of LDLR deletion (LDLR−/−) on macrophage ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux. LDLR−/− macrophages had reduced basal levels of ABCA1 and cholesterol efflux. High‐fat diet increased cholesterol in LDLR−/− macrophages, but not in wild type cells. LXR agonist induced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux in LDLR−/− macrophages, and modified lipoproteins induced ABCA1 expression in both cell types. Conversely, LDL induced ABCA1 expression in wild type but inhibited it in LDLR−/− macrophages, while free cholesterol stimulated ABCA1 expression in wild type but had no effect on LDLR−/− macrophages. 25‐hydroxycholesterol inhibited SREBP‐1 in wild type macrophages but activated it in LDLR−/− cells, and regulated ABCA1 expression differently in these two cell types. Inhibition of SREBP‐1 by siRNA induced ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux. Taken together, our studies suggest that LDLR is critical in the regulation of macrophage cholesterol efflux and ABCA1 expression. We believe that absence of the LDLR suppresses ABCA1 expression and cholesterol efflux under condition of hypercholesterolemia. This may contribute to lipid accumulation in macrophages during the development of atherosclerosis.


Zinc electrodeposition from a deep eutectic mixture of ZnCl2 and choline chloride/ethylene glycol on titanium covered by an anodic titania film of different thicknesses was studied. It has been shown that thin titanium dioxide layers work as insulator and the rate of zinc deposition decreases with film thickness. Thicker titania layers (23 nm and higher) have opposite properties and the zinc reduction rate starts gradually increasing with thickness. This happens because at the higher voltage necessary to grow thicker anodic films they become more crystalline and consequently more conductive. There is also evidence that in DES no dense organic layer forms on the titanium/titania electrodes. The application of an AC signal superimposed on a DC potential only marginally increases the amount of zinc deposited and FTIR measurements did not reveal the formation of any chemical bonds between the film and DES. Zn deposition onto titanium/titania is characterised by instantaneous three-dimensional nucleation mechanism, which is independent of titania thickness. ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 234370354 E-mail address: email@example.com (M.G.S. Ferreira)


The problem of scattering of CMB radiation on wormholes is considered. It is shown that a static gas of wormholes does not perturb the spectrum of CMB. In the first order by $v/c$ the presence of peculiar velocities gives rise to the dipole contribution in $\Delta T/T$, which corresponds to the well-known kinetic Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect. In next orders there appears a more complicated dependence of the perturbed CMB spectrum on peculiar velocities. We also discuss some peculiar features of the scattering on a single wormhole.


A new clinical subpopulation of cleft lip/palate (CL/P), which includes infants and children antenatally exposed to opioids, is increasingly appearing on CL/P teams and speech-language pathology caseloads. The purposes of this tutorial are to describe neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS), to offer a review of the NOWS feeding and neurodevelopmental outcomes literature, and to discuss the clinical and research implications for this new clinical population.

 Recent literature has pointed to a higher prevalence of CL/P in infants with NOWS, as compared to the live birth population. In addition to the typical feeding problems of infants with CL/P, other challenges emerge during the first several days of life for opioid-exposed infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). These feeding problems are characterized by disruption of the suck–swallow–breath process and are further complicated by the infant's state during withdrawal from opioids. There are trends across studies that suggest good reason for concern about adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes in opioid-exposed children. This includes evidence that children post-NOWS are at greater risk than children with typical development for speech; language and literacy impairments; and/or other cognitive, sensory, and behavioral problems. Children with CL/P already are at risk for speech, resonance, language, and feeding disorders. A history of antenatal opioid exposure may increase and add further complications. The SLP plays a key role in the management of and attitudes toward children with NOWS and CL/P in the NICU, on CLP teams, in early intervention, and in schools. This tutorial provides clinical guidelines for intervention with this new and growing population.


The development and present status of family planning programs (governmental or private) are presented for 8 South-East Asian countries which have a total population of 256 million and where population planning is essential for economic and social progress. Malaysias national family planning program initiated in 1966 plans to reduce the annual population growth rate from a current 3% to 2% in 1985 and focuses primarily on West Malaysia where 85% of the people live. 90% of all patients use oral contraceptives. Singapores program included in the 5-year Developmental Plan 1966-1971 aims to reduce the annual birth rate from a current 3% to 2% by 1972. 150000 women 42% of all those eligible are now practicing family planning 60% of whom use oral contraceptives. South Koreas extensive National Family Planning Program adopted since 1962 has a 1976 goal of a 1.5% population growth rate annually (current rate 2.2%) which will necessitate 48% of all eligible couples to practice contraception. IUDs were the main basis for the program but oral contraceptive administration has risen since 1969. Taiwans program (unofficial since 1964 official since 1968) has met its targets with almost 635000 IUD insertions and 100000 pill acceptors at the end of 1969. New acceptors are primarily referred by 450 field-workers to 1000 government contracted private doctors. The Hong Kong Family Planning Association with 54 clinics and 50 welfare workers records clinic attenders increasing from 3000 in 1951 to over 273700 in 1970. The low cost pill is the most popular contraceptive and was accepted by 60% of all new 1969 patients. The Philippines family planning movement began in 1965 and was adopted by the government in 1969 with first fiscal committment in 1971; 2000 operating clinics are planned by 1974 to slow the present growth rate of 3.5%. Efforts in Thailand (annual growth rate 3.3%) where a national family planning policy was approved in 1970 have included training of 5130 personnel establishment of 325 family planning service units and extension of services to all 71 provinces. Indonesia (annual growth rate 2.6%) aims for 3 million acceptors by 1975 through a family planning program included in the 1969-1974 Development Plan and is concentrating efforts in densely populated areas. All countries have or plan extensive training courses for program workers and medical personnel continuous publicity and family planning education. More attention to younger people is crucial as many of them will reach child-bearing age in the next few years. Sources and amounts of foreign assistance for family planning in South-East Asian countries are given.


This article presents a synthetic map of the spatial dynamics of gentrification in Paris since the 1960s. While the notion of gentrification has given rise to numerous studies since the 1970s, in particular in Britain and North America, very few researchers have focused on the spatial dynamics of this process in a given city, or made attempts to map the phenomenon. The synthesis map proposed here is derived from a global, multiscalar approach to gentrification in Paris, and uses three different sources: statistical analyses of the census data for 1982, 1990 and 1999, the work by Daniel Noin and Yvan Chauvire presented in their Atlas des Parisiens (1984), and between 2004 and 2007 surveys in the field in three Paris neighbourhoods at different stages in the gentrification process. These different sources enable an interpretation of gentrification as a process of spatial diffusion from centre to periphery starting from a historical core in the beaux quartiers of the west of Paris. This confirms the analyses reported by the Anglo-American studies, in which gentrification appears as a process of social conquest taking the form of a pioneer frontier. The aim of this article is to present an original cartography of this process using the example of Paris.


The Poznan Monographs in Computing and Its Applications series publishes the very latest, high-quality research results in computing and its practical applications. It includes primarily doctoral and postdoctoral (habilitation) dissertations written by scientists from Poland, from the Poznan scientific environment. The most valuable dissertations are selected from the range of monographs published by scientists from the Faculty of Computing and the Faculty of Electronics and Telecommunications at the Poznan University of Technology (PUT) and from the Poznan Supercomputing and Networking Center (PSNC). The series goal is to promote interesting research results and spread them to broader audience. Before the series was established such monographs were shared with very limited groups of people and it was almost impossible for them to reach interested readers. Each position in the series is carefully reviewed by experienced professors and then corrected according to their remarks.


Five Angus x Hereford cow s with ruminal and duodenal fistulas were used to evaluate the effect of providing increasing degradable intake protein (DIP) o n the site and extent of digestion of dormant, tallgrass-prairie forage. The DIP was provided from sodium caseinate, divided in two equal portions and infused intraruminally twice daily. Levels of DIP were: 0, 180, 360, 540, and 720 g/day. Supplemental DIP generally improved utilization of low quality forage, with maximum effects on duodenal N flow and forage organic matter intake at 540 g DIP/day.


The pair correlations in mesoscopic systems such as nanometer-size superconducting clusters and nuclei are studied at a finite temperature for the canonical ensemble of fermions in model spaces with a fixed particle number: (i) a degenerate spherical shell (strong-coupling limit), (ii) an equidistantly spaced deformed shell (weak-coupling limit). It is shown that after the destruction of the pair correlations at T=0 by a strong magnetic field or rapid rotation, heating can bring them back. This phenomenon is a consequence of the fixed number of fermions in the canonical ensemble.


Abstract This paper examines business associations in a context where the state is being contested from below, focusing on Diyarbakır, a major Kurdish city in Turkey. Against the backdrop of armed conflict, reform processes triggered by the country's EU candidacy and socio-economic change, Diyarbakır has become a contested zone over which the Turkish government and the Kurdish movement have been competing for control. Local business associations have also been implicated in such contestation. Considering the situation of dual power and moral economy at the local level, the paper examines how these associations deal with an adverse situation that is characterized by political instability and uncertainty. The analysis shows that business leaders have been able to make the 'best' of the situation.


At room temperature,anisaldehyde(4-methoxybenzaldehyde) was synthesized by the ozonolysis of anethole (1-methoxy-4-(1-propenyl)-benzene) in a solvent system composed of water and ethyl acetate.The yield of anisaldehyde from this solvent system was compared with those from the traditional solvent systems.Meanwhile,the solvent quantity,O_3/O_2 flow rate,water content in the mixture solvent and the reaction time which could effect on the reaction were investigated.By FTIR and UV spectrum,the reaction mechanism was investigated.In the presence of water,anethole was ozonolysed to anisaldehyde at room temperature in 100 min with a yield of 81.7%.The pure product was obtained without further isolation.


Experiments were performed to further investigate a quadratic interaction between stationary and travelling cross-flow modes that was revealed in the previous experiment by Corke et al. (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 856, 2018, pp. 822–849) in the boundary layer on a sharp right-circular cone at an angle of attack at Mach 6.0. As with the previous experiment, passive discrete roughness was applied near the cone tip, just upstream of Branch I of the linear stability neutral curve for stationary cross-flow modes. The passive roughness consisted of indentations (dimples) that were evenly spaced azimuthally to excite a specific azimuthal wavenumber. A plasma actuator was located just downstream of the discrete roughness array. This was designed to produce an azimuthally uniform unsteady disturbance with a frequency that was at the centre of the band of most amplified travelling cross-flow modes. Measurements consisted of off-wall azimuthal profiles of mean and fluctuating total pressure at different axial locations. Spectra of total-pressure fluctuations verified the receptivity of the boundary layer to the unsteady excitation. This affected the azimuthal and streamwise development of the stationary cross-flow modes, with a general effect to move the transition location upstream by approximately 16 %. The quadratic interaction between the stationary and travelling cross-flow modes was further enhanced by the excitation of the travelling cross-flow mode. This was particularly evident by an enlarged band of azimuthal wavenumbers over which a significant triple phase locking existed. The significantly enlarged range of wavenumber sum and difference interactions offered a mechanism for rapid spectral broadening that could account for the hastened transition by the addition of unsteady disturbances.


Rehabilitation of streams on agricultural properties has become a priority for landholders and managers in recent years in Australia. Fencing and re-vegetation of riparian zones are first priorities to improve riparian habitat values and biodiversity, however changes to in-stream habitat complexity are unlikely to result in the short term. Little evidence exists to guide subsequent rehabilitation actions to address this issue. Artificially re-introducing wood to such streams may be a useful strategy to increase habitat complexity more rapidly, thereby improving in-stream biodiversity values. To test this hypothesis, as a part of the larger Productive Grazing, Healthy Rivers project, small pieces of wood were introduced to eight sites on beef and dairy properties across southern Victoria, monitoring aquatic macroinvertebrates, water quality, hydrology and habitat quality. Comparing macroinvertebrate communities before and after treatment, and between experimental and control sites, changes in community composition and colonisation are explored.


The present invention is provided with the brake pedal operating rod mechanism 56, the accelerator pedal linkage, the brake pedal operating rod mechanism 56, the brake pedal bracket 73, the other end at the same time that one end provided with a knob 57 to the the first, second, third brake rod and a (58,59,60), the accelerator pedal operation link mechanism connected to enable oscillation in the vehicle width direction to the frame (70) is connected to the brake pedal toward the first, second, third and the receiving connection rod so as to be movable in the longitudinal direction within the brake rod (58,59,60), it is supported pivotally on the connection rod accelerator pedal 53 of the operating rod mechanism (56) extending the accelerator the accelerator pedal link having a pedal lever 66 and the accelerator pedal connecting rod of the lever 66 connected to the side and at the same time connected to an end on a side opposite to, the accelerator pedal bracket 82 to the distal end ( 74), and a vehicle width of the frame body 70 and the accelerator pedal operation lever 66 The direction middle portion, and a brake pedal operating rod mechanism (56) pivotally supporting the support link 67 to pivot in a direction parallel to the rotational direction.


Biasing, once regarded as "cheating" in the machine learning community, is now understood and accepted as a necessary part of learning. However, despite its wide acceptance and recognition, biasing has never been studied as a separate research issue, except by Hailu & Sommer (1999), who made an attempt to shed light on the relationship between the quality of the bias and learning trials. So far, the general view held in biasing a learning system is to look for a bias that maximally collapses the search space. It is well-known, however, that reckless reduction of the search space often leads to sub-optimal learning. Regardless of the final level of optimality, this paper challenges this broadily accepted biasing scheme from the point of view of accelerating the learning process itself. Is a large search space a definitive indication of slow learning? We give a non-affirmative answer to this dogma by presenting a typical robot learning scenario. Experiments clearly indicate that, in spite of its large search space, a bias that is derived from the unique characteristics of the task shows better learning behavior than a bias that reduces the search space aggressively.


Embedded fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors are attractive for in-situ structural monitoring, especially in fiber reinforced composites. Their implementation in metallic structures is hindered by the thermal limit of the protective coating, typically a polymer material. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the embedding of FBG sensors into metals with the ultimate objective of using FBG sensors for structural health monitoring of metallic structures. To that end, ultrasonic additive manufacturing (UAM) is utilized. UAM is a solid-state manufacturing process based on ultrasonic metal welding that allows for layered addition of metallic foils without melting. Embedding FBGs through UAM is shown to result in total cross-sectional encapsulation of the sensors within the metal matrix, which encourages uniform strain transfer. Since the UAM process takes place at essentially room temperature, the industry standard acrylate protective coating can be used rather than requiring a new coating applied to the FBGs prior to embedment. Measurements presented in this paper show that UAM-embedded FBG sensors accurately track strain at temperatures higher than 400 ◦C. The data reveals the conditions under which detrimental wavelength hopping takes place due to non-uniformity of the load transferred to the FBG. Further, optical cross-sectioning of the test specimens shows inhibition of the thermal degradation of the protective coating. It is hypothesized that the lack of an atmosphere around the fully-encapsulated FBGs makes it possible to operate the sensors at temperatures well above what has been possible until now. Embedded FBGs were shown to retain their coatings when subjected to a thermal loading that would result in over 50 percent degradation (by volume and mass) in atmospherically


A compiler for multi-threaded object-oriented programs needs information about the sharing of objects for a variety of reasons: to implement optimizations, to issue warnings, to add instrumentation to detect access violations that occur at runtime. An Object Use Graph (OUG) statically captures accesses from different threads to objects. An OUG extends the Heap Shape Graph (HSG), which is a compile-time abstraction for runtime objects (nodes) and their reference relations (edges). An OUG specifies for a specific node in the HSG a partial order of events relevant to the corresponding runtime object(s). Relevant events include read and write access, object escape, thread start and join.OUGs have been implemented in a Java compiler. Initial experience shows that OUGs are effective to identify object accesses that potentially conflict at runtime and isolate accesses that never cause a problem at runtime. The capabilities of OUGs are compared with an advanced program analysis that has been used for lock elimination. For the set of benchmarks investigated here, OUGs report only a fraction of shared objects as conflicting and reduce the number of compile-time reports in terms of allocation sites of conflicting objects by 28--92% (average 64%). For benchmarks of up to 30 KLOC, the time taken to construct OUGs is, with one exception, in the order of seconds.The information collected in the OUG has been used to instrument Java programs with checks for object races. OUGs provide precise information about object sharing and static protection, so runtime instrumentation that checks those cases that cannot be disambiguated at compile-time is sparse, and the total runtime overhead of checking for object races is only 3--86% (average 47%).


Since 1999 the CRC for Catchment Hydrology has been developing a modelling toolkit for the prediction of catchment behaviour. The modelling toolkit is underlain by a development, management and deployment environment that supports module-based modelling services such as data loading, computation and analysis, and display. Modules are constructed through cloning of existing modules, or from scratch. Models can be built by selecting and linking relevant modules on a visual 'canvas'. This process is supported by a control and documentation system that draws upon the module code base for parameter and interface information. For deployment of models, options include command line operation of individual modules, stand-alone executable applications, and module libraries that allow testing of alternative modules with a given data set. Development of the modelling toolkit has included consideration of a broad range of social, technical and communication aspects that range beyond the provision of modelling tools. Key issues include conceptual development, user modelling practices and information management and dissemination. The modelling toolkit has a range of users, such as toolkit developers, model developers and users of applications, and a range of ways that it can be used. Each user has particular information needs, varying from parameter and data information requirements of individual modules, through user manuals for models, to meta-level information on selection of appropriate modules from those available in libraries. For deployment of some or all of the toolkit via the WWW, a system of information supply and user management must be implemented to provide relevant information and functionality, maintain security and provide user-group specific support. This paper will report on the toolkit, its range of users and uses, and development of a toolkit information system.


Genetic variation contributes to individual differences in energy and nutrient intake and may be a contributing factor to the selection of certain foods and macronutrient preference. Sucrase‐isomaltase is a brush border enzyme encoded by the SI gene and plays an important role in starch digestion. Research on genetic variation in SI has mostly focused on rare mutations that result in congenital sucrase‐isomaltase deficiency, a severe digestive disorder. The objective of this study was to determine whether common variants in the SI gene are associated with habitual dietary intake.


The twist actuation of piezocomposite actuators embedded in a composite wing is numerically investigated. Parametric analysis of the actuation authority is conducted for wing cross sections with double and triple cells, considering different distributions of anisotropic piezocomposite actuators. The variational asymptotic beam cross-sectional (VABS) analysis is used to compute the airfoil stiffness, actuation force and mass properties. As a result, the regions with the highest specific actuation are determined and a cost-effective way of adding active material to the cross section is proposed. Results indicate that 50% of the maximum mass penalty associated with the addition of active plies is responsible for generating approximately 80% of the maximum available induced twist.


The effect of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on oral caffeine bioavailability was studied in male Wistar rats.

Caffeine (32 mg kg−1) was given by gavage either alone or combined with paracetamol (316 mg kg−1), tolmetin (3 mg kg−1), ketorolac (1.8 mg kg−1) and ibuprofen (100 mg kg−1). Blood samples were drawn at selected times and caffeine concentration in whole blood was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. Caffeine bioavailability was not significantly modified by co-administration with any of these non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).

Since caffeine bioavailability is not increased by NSAIDs, and caffeine does not increase NSAID bioavailability, it is concluded that caffeine potentiation of the analgesic effect of NSAIDs is not due to a pharmacokinetic interaction.


Why has China's real prope rty tax reform already begun,but the progress has been extremely slow in a decade's time? Real property tax reform has profound impact on the multi-stakeholder,including the central government,the local governments,real estate developers,banks,resident taxpayers and so on.To a certain extent,the reform is also an institutional transformation.The central government would get far more proceeds than cost in the real property tax reform,so it is a powerful pusher of the reform.While the local governments'costs are far more than their proceeds,obviously the local governments would lack the motivation to reform.The resident taxpayers possibly have little direct impact during the decision-making stage of real property tax reform,but they will determine the efficiency during the management period.In order to promote the real property tax reform,the key factor at the moment is to give full consideration to the rights and interests of the local governments and taxpayers,so that they can truly share the institutional benefit of the reform.


Abstract Juveniles of 12 Pacific trout and salmon stocks were exposed to the infectious stage of Ceratomyxa shasta in water from the lower Fraser River. Seven tests were conducted in the fall and spring of 1984–1987, but three resulted in no or little infection, possibly because of annual and seasonal variations in parasite abundance. Of three trout stocks from the lower Fraser River drainage, two were resistant and one was moderately resistant to the parasite. More than 50% of steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss (formerly Salmo gairdneri) from the central Fraser River drainage and a coastal bay became infected after exposure. Two stocks of chinook salmon O. tshawytscha from the central Fraser River drainage were moderately resistant. Two non-Fraser River stocks, including coho salmon O. kisutch, showed low resistance.


In recent years there is a vast technology improvement in industrial control rooms for monitoring the entire field of Industrial plants. High end PLC's are being implemented for controlling the entire process of fields. But a problem is that even though automation takes the complete control of total plants few authentication and manual actions are needed from user side for completing the control action. Hence there is a must situation for users presence at all times in the control room for taking some timely needed control actions. Due to the static nature of control room environment, the user should always be static to monitor the process. In this project, we propose a system that promotes the control engineer to obtain the data values anywhere and everywhere within the control room. This new system is suited for acquiring the control parameters like temperature and level process variables of an existing temperature process controller. The main objective of this proposed work is to acquire both the temperature and level sensor values with the help of microcontroller device and transmit the signals via blue tooth device interfaced with ARM7 Microcontroller and thereby monitoring and storing the process variable parameters in a smart digital device running on an android platform. Keywords-Automation; Sensors; Relays; Bluetooth HC-05; Android Application;


Purpose Patients belonging to social minorities can be exposed to various forms of discrimination in the healthcare context. Previous research in this domain has overlooked expressions of microaggressions against women and the role of intersectional identities. This study aims to uncover the themes that underly the experience of microaggressions by diverse women in Portugal. Methods Using an interview model based on the Critical Incident Technique (Flanagan, 1954) 17 women were interviewed about their microaggression experiences in the healthcare setting. Among those with an intersectional identity, social minority membership was also based on ethnicity, LGB sexual orientation and functional diversity. Results A total of 17 microaggressive themes were retrieved, five of which were found to be related to microaggressions towards women in general and a total of seven were unique for women with specific intersectional identities. Another four themes reflected providers' general attitudes towards patients without being related to gender or any intersectional minority group, and one theme described systemic microaggressions. Conclusion Some of the retrieved themes reflect microaggressions that women seem to experience in their everyday life but that are exacerbated by the health provider-patient power disparity. Some themes appear to be specific to the healthcare context and related to providers' lack of patient-centeredness.


The creativity raise is the artistic specialized important ability raise, how both completed the teaching request in the teaching process and to stimulate student's creativity, the present paper to propose own experience and the practice on this question from the teaching method angle.


The author gives his experience in observing his own blind spots over a period of years. They may be seen by closing the eyes when facing the sun, or in bright daylight, or when facing a 100-watt electric lamp placed within two feet of the eyes. They are to be recognized by their shape, position, and movements. It is of value to ophthalmologists to understand this phenomenon because patients who are ignorant of the existence of blind spots complain of it. Read before the American Ophthalmological Society at Hot Springs Virginia, June 5, 6, 7, 1935.


This paper presents a new circuit topology of DC busline switch and snubbing capacitor-assisted full-bridge soft-switching PWM inverter type DC-DC power converter with a high frequency link for low voltage large current applications as DC feeding systems, telecommunication power plants, automotive DC bus converters, plasma generator, electro plating plants, fuel cell interfaced power conditioner and arc welding power supplies. The proposed power converter circuit is based upon a voltage source-fed H type full-bridge high frequency PWM inverter with a high frequency transformer link. The conventional type high frequency inverter circuit is modified by adding a single power semiconductor switching device in series with DC rail and snubbing lossless capacitor in parallel with the inverter bridge legs. All the active power switches in the full-bridge inverter arms and DC busline can achieve ZVS/ZVT tum-off and ZCS turn-on commutation operation. Therefore, the total switching losses at turn-off and turn-on switching transitions of these power semiconductor devices can be reduced even in the high switching frequency bands ranging from 20 ㎑ to 100 ㎑. The switching frequency of this DC-DC power converter using IGBT power modules is selected to be 60 ㎑. It is proved experimentally by the power loss analysis that the more the switching frequency increases, the more the proposed DC-DC converter can achieve high performance, lighter in weight, lower power losses and miniaturization in size as compared to the conventional hard switching one. The principle of operation, operation modes, practical and inherent effectiveness of this novel DC-DC power converter topology is proved for a low voltage and large current DC-DC power supplies of arc welder applications in industry.


This paper examines the drive in the construction industry to source materials for new construction sustainably. It examines the key drivers that sustainable construction entails but also looks at the crucial impact that over-specifying can have on the performance of concrete in the field. Sustainability is, however, just one concern to the modern Engineer, and ensuring the concrete can be placed and compacted adequately is also a very real concern, especially where visual concrete is concerned. The paper examines some of the issues around sustainability and also looks at several case studies where concrete has not performed as expected and has caused very real problems in the field, when using secondary cementitious materials (SCMs) in conjunction with superplasticiser. The paper concludes with some guidance on how to achieve the best of both aims – sustainability and durability, while avoiding some of the pitfalls that can occur.


The present study assessed the antibacterial efficacy of different toothpastes and chewing sticks purchased from a local market in Yenagoa, on selected bacteria isolated from the oral cavity. 100 oral specimens were collected from the primary school pupils of Community Primary School Otuoke, Bayelsa State. The specimens were analyzed by culture, biochemical test and agar well diffusion. Phytochemical and antibacterial properties of ethanol, and aqueous extracts of the chewing sticks were investigated in this study. The bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans and Serratia marcescens. The highest bacterial isolate seen was E. coli, 27 (45%) while the lowest was Serratia marcescens, 2 (3.3%). The highest occurring bacterial isolates based on sex was seen in females with 32 (53.5%) while the least in male with 28 (46.7%). The age group with the highest bacterial isolate was 3–6years with 36 (60%) while the least was 11–14yaers with 8 (13.3%). Preliminary phytochemical screening of the chewing stick extracts revealed the presence of saponins, alkaloids and terpenes in Salvadora persica, and saponins, terpenes and glycosides were present in Massularia acuminata. The toothpastes (Close up and Oral-B) showed antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against all the bacterial isolates; however, no significant activity was observed for Close up on E. coli. The ethanol extracts of both chewing sticks (M. acuminata and S. persica) showed antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against the bacterial isolates than the aqueous extracts. However, the aqueous extracts of S. persica were shown to be effective against E. coli and S. mutans, with inhibition zones of 13.5mm at 62.5mg/ml concentration and 4.5mm at 125mg/ml concentration respectively; this showed significant difference (p<0.05), whereas no significant zone of inhibition was observed for M. acuminata. In comparison, this study showed Oral-B proved more effective than Close up, while for the chewing sticks, S. persica exhibited the greater antibacterial activity. Also, the toothpastes showed more effective antibacterial properties than the chewing sticks.


Distributed algorithms with only neighbor interactions are proposed to achieve consensus while guaranteeing collision-free among agents. In the proposed algorithms, neighbors for each agent are determined by the distance or difference between agents in the index space after ordering and labeling them according to certain ordering rules including weighted order and lexicographic order. The consensusability of the proposed strategies is analyzed with some existing results on algebraic graph theory and matrix analysis. Meanwhile, by realizing the relations between order preservation and collision-free, a systematic analysis framework on order preservation and hence collision-free for agents in arbitrary dimension is provided based on tools from monotone systems theory. Finally, some simulations are presented to show the effectiveness of the proposed strategies.


Phase separation of a binary Lennard-Jones fluid confined in a cylindrical pore is studied by molecular dynamics simulations. The wetting interaction of the fluid molecules with the walls of the single pore is derived from the Lennard-Jones potential. Existence of long-lived metastable states is found even in the presence of hydrodynamic modes. Other effects of the hydrodynamic interactions on the formation of wetting layers are discussed. Our results are consistent with recent experimental observations.


Today the challenge is to measure masses of exotic nuclei up to the limits of nuclear existence which are characterized by low production cross-sections and short halflives. The large acceptance Collector Ring (CR) [1] at FAIR [2] tuned in the isochronous ion-optical mode offers unique possibilities for such measurements. Nonlinear field errors as well as fringe fields of the wide aperture quadrupolesand dipoles strongly excite the high-order aberrations which negatively affect the time resolution of the isochronous ring. Their influence is investigated here and a possible correction scheme is shown.


Purpose
Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. Suicide is a public health crisis that differentially affects racial and ethnic groups. American Indians had the highest per capita suicide rates (11.1 for females and 33.4 for males) followed by White Americans (8.0 for females and 29.8 for males; Centers for Disease Control, 2019). There is an emerging focus on racial/ethnic disparities in suicide prevention research. Prior studies suggest that more accepting attitudes toward suicide are associated with elevated suicide risk status. As such, this study aims to examine the association between racial/ethnic identity and three attitude domains: the right to die, interpersonal gestures and resilience.

Design/methodology/approach
General linear models were used to compare racial/ethnic groups in right to die, interpersonal gestures and resilience attitudes.

Findings
Participants who identified as Native American or Black were more likely than participants who identified as White, Bi/Multi-racial and Hispanic to hold attitudes supporting interpersonal motivations for suicide. Participants who identified as Black were more likely than participants who identified as White to hold right to die attitudes. Participants who identified as Black were more likely than White participants to report not viewing suicide as an option. These results suggest that racial/ethnic identity impacts attitudes toward suicide. People who identify as Native American or Black may be more likely to see suicide as acceptable for interpersonal reasons despite those who identify as Black being less likely to see suicide as an option. This study has implications for suicide prevention programs and interventions within racial/ethnic communities. Focusing interventions on attitudes supporting interpersonal motivations for suicide may increase effectiveness within Native American and Black communities.

Originality/value
This study aimed to fill a gap in suicide prevention research by examining associations between racial/ethnic identity and responses to a multidimensional attitude toward suicide measure. No prior study has compared attitudes across multiple domains and racial/ethnic groups.


This paper is a study of blind people's 'body image'. Starting with the hypothesis that-without mirrors for visual surveillance-blind people's sense of their bodies and selves are 'embodied' (focused on corporeal experience rather than on appearance), this article examines what blind people know about their bodies, how they imagine their bodies, how their identities relate to their blindness, and how they experience their bodies. From interviews with 13 blind people in England (one adult woman, nine female adolescents, and three male adolescents), several conclusions are drawn about each of the above areas of enquiry (knowledge, self-image, identity, and experience). The most significant result to emerge is a refutation of the initial hypothesis: blind people are by and large quite concerned with their appearance (they are extremely self-conscious) and place very little emphasis on their corporeal experiences.


Combined with general situation of engineering construction, the external wall exterior insulation technology was discussed.The basic constitution of ZL polystyrene granule external wall exterior insulation system was introduced,and the flow process and quality control of key material were illustrated.The problem need attention in construction was proposed.The results showed that the applied effect is good through checking calculation and practice.


According to the United States Environmental
Protection Agency, radon is the number one cause of lung cancer
among non-smokers, and it is responsible for about 21,000 lung
cancer deaths every year in the United States. In the State of
Ohio, 14% of lung cancer deaths are caused due to radon. It is
essential to have the radon concentration data for every location
(i.e., zip codes) so that necessary preventive measures can be
taken up. Measuring the radon concentration across the entire State
of Ohio will be very expensive and time consuming. This research
focuses on the application of six geographical information system
(GIS) based interpolation techniques to estimate the radon
concentration in the unmeasured zip codes in the State of Ohio. The
radon concentration in homes has been obtained by The University of
Toledo researchers from various commercial testing services,
university researchers, and county health departments. The data are
divided into two sets. The first set uses 80% of the data for
training different interpolation schemes, and the second data set
includes 20% of the data to evaluate the interpolation techniques.
Statistical performance measures such as coefficient of correlation
(r), Spearman correlation coefficient (??), slope of the regression
line (m), ratio of the intercept of the regression line to the
average observed concentrations (b/Co), fractional variance (FV),
fraction of prediction within a factor of two of the observations
(FA2), model comparison measure (MCM2), geometric mean bias (MG),
geometric mean variance (VG), normalized mean square error (NMSE),
fractional bias (FB), revised index of agreement (IOAr), accuracy
for paired peak (Ap), maximum ratio (Rmax), scatter plots, quantile
– quantile (QQ) plots and bootstrap 95% confidence interval
estimates based on extreme-end concentrations (i.e.,
peak-end/low-end), and the mid-range concentrations of indoor air
quality (IAQ) models are performed on the predicted data points to
evaluate the best interpolation technique.
 Considering the statistical indicators for
peak-end, low-end and mid-range estimates, it has been found that
cokriging is a suitable technique for peak-end estimates, and the
radial basis function (RBF) technique meets all the acceptable
criteria for low-end and mid-range estimates. After considering the
closeness of the greater number of measures to their respective
ideal values, graphical representations of the scatter plots and QQ
plots, the RBF technique surpasses the other six interpolation
techniques. Again, the summary of the bootstrap confidence interval
estimates among the techniques indicate that the RBF technique is
not significantly different from the other five interpolation
techniques under all situations. Therefore, the RBF technique may
not be the best technique always when applied to similar sets of
dataset from other states and countries. The RBF technique is
tentatively suggested in this thesis to perform the interpolation
of radon concentration for the unmeasured zip codes in the State of
Ohio.…


This Diploma Thesis deals with the development strategies of the selected micro-region in accordance with the principles of regional policy, regional development and also requirements of the population of the specific region. In the theoretical part are theoretical concepts related to the regional development defined; for instance the region, the regional policy or the strategic plan. In the practical part is an analysis of current state of micro-region Bystřicko, which is followed by a strategy development proposal and then specific plans of municipalities that meet the proposed strategy.


The IFMIF/EVEDA Accelerator Prototype will be a 9MeV, 125mA CW deuteron accelerator to validate the technical options for the IFMIF accelerator design. The Radiofrequency Quadrupole (RFQ), buncher cavities and Superconducting Radiofrequency Linac (SRF Linac) require continuous wave RF power at 175 MHz with an accuracy of ±1% in amplitude and ±1o in phase. Also the IFMIF/EVEDA RF Power System has to work under pulsed mode operation (during the accelerator commissioning). The IFMIF/EVEDA RF Power System is composed of 18 RF power generators feeding the eight RFQ couplers (200kW), the two buncher cavities (105kW) and the eight superconducting half wave resonators of the SRF Linac (105kW). The main components of each RF power chain are the Low Level Radio Frequency system (LLRF), three amplification stages and a circulator with its load. For obvious standardization and scale economies reasons, the same topology has been chosen for the 18 RF power chains: all of them use the same main components which can be individually tuned to provide different RF output powers up to 200kW. The studies and the current design of the IFMIF/EVEDA RF Power System are presented in this contribution.


'innocence' and the way that it is conceptualised and represented within two different texts: Painted Babies (1995) and Little Miss Sunshine (2006). We have selected these texts to emphasise contradictory discourses that constitute understandings of childhood 'inno- cence'. Painted Babies presents its audience with an in-depth view of the world of the beauty pageant, leaving the viewer to ponder the sexualisation and commodification of young girls and childhood innocence. Directed by Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, Little Miss Sunshine cleverly deploys competing discourses of childhood innocence in order to critique adult constructions of childhood. We use these texts as a pivot to consider hegemonic discourses around childhood and sexuality, adultchild relationships, and constructions of 'difficult knowledge'. Within hegemonic discourses of childhood, innocence is viewed as natural, and moral panic is often associated with a perceived risk of the child's innocence being compromised. Within these discourses, stemming from philosophy and developmental psychology (Piaget 1929; Rousseau 1762), childhood is perceived as a universal natural state of human development, epitomised by angelic purity and innocence. 1 Adulthood and childhood become mutually exclusive polarised worlds with the child becoming the powerless 'other' in the world of adults, a world in which adults become the 'gate-keepers' of knowledge and experience in an effort to preserve the perceived essence of childhood; that is, 'innocence'. Adults often have a nostalgic longing for childhood, reminiscing that it is a time of carefree fantasy that is too quickly lost. Within this constructed dichotomy, certain kinds of knowledge become the exclusive rights of adulthood. Politics, sex and death, for instance, become adult knowledge from which children are excluded (Silin 1995). The moral panic around the potential loss of childhood innocence, or more specifically childhood itself, reaches its extremities when considered within the realm of sexuality (Robinson 2008). Sexuality is an area of identity that is often represented as 'adults only', one from which children are perceived to be in need of protection (Robinson 2005a). We argue that childhood innocence is complex, constructed and contradictory, a concept that is manufactured by adults for adults (Gittins 1998) and consequently has critical impacts on children's agency in their lives (Robinson and Davies 2007). In addition, we draw on the work of Judith Butler and Michel Foucault to critically examine relations between gender, sexuality, power and agency in children's lives. Judith


ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol using fixed dosing (BUD/FORM) with inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) alone or alternative ICS and long-acting β2-agonist (LABA) regimens for adults with moderate/severe asthma. Methods: BIOSIS, CENTRAL, EMBASE and MEDLINE were searched for abstracts and papers. All searching was completed in July 2006. No restriction was placed on language. Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) using a fixed effects model. RCTs were included if the comparator with BUD/FORM had an equivalent daily dose of ICS at the start of the trial. The primary outcome measure was, 'treatment failure', defined as: asthma-related serious adverse event, oral glucocorticosteroid treatment, A&E visit and/or admission to hospital, withdrawal due to a need for additional asthma therapy. Results: Of the 330 papers identified in the literature search, 15 met the inclusion criteria. The following alternative treatments were found: ICS alone (BUD), BUD/FORM adjustable maintenance dose (BUD/FORM-AMD), and salmeterol/fluticasone in a single inhaler (SALM/FP). Meta-analysis of treatment failure demonstrated a 50% increase with BUD versus BUD/FORM (Relative Risk [RR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 1.12–2.02, p = 0.007; 2 RCTs); a trend in favour of a reduction with BUD/FORM-AMD versus BUD/FORM (RR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77–1.02, p = 0.09; 11 RCTs); and no evidence of a difference with SALM/FP versus BUD/FORM (RR 0.99, 95% CI: 0.83–1.16, p = 0.86; 3 RCTs). Significant heterogeneity was not detected in the primary analyses. Secondary analyses demonstrated the following significant differences: hospitalisations/A&E visits (49% increased risk with SALM/FP vs. BUD/FORM, RR 1.49, 95% CI: 1.07–2.08, p = 0.02, and 28% reduced risk with BUD/FORM-AMD vs. BUD/FORM, RR 0.72, 95% CI: 0.52–0.99, p = 0.04); and use of oral steroids (51% increase in risk with BUD vs. BUD/FORM, RR 1.51, 95% CI: 1.10–2.09, p = 0.01, and 19% reduced risk with BUD/FORM-AMD vs. BUD/FORM, RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.70–0.95, p = 0.01). Conclusions: Fixed-dose BUD/FORM is an effective treatment option for adult patients with moderate/severe asthma when compared to BUD and SALM/FP, with adjustable maintenance dosing demonstrating important advantages over fixed dosing in relation to exacerbation prevention and reduced treatment load.


Transient hyperglycemia (TH) represents an acknowledged adverse event that occurs during treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and has recently been associated with an increased risk for developing metabolic disturbances in future life. Our aim was to estimate the incidence of TH and to identify risk factors, thus serving as markers for identifying candidates for prevention interventions.


We study the influence of two resonant laser beams (to be referred to as the control and probe beams) on the centre-of-mass motion of ultra-cold atoms characterized by three energy levels of the Λ-type. The laser beams being in the electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) configuration drive the atoms to their dark states. We impose the adiabatic approximation and obtain an effective equation of motion for the dark state atoms. The equation contains a vector potential type interaction as well as an effective trapping potential. We concentrate on the situation where the control and probe beams are co-propagating and have orbital angular momenta (OAM). The effective magnetic field is then oriented along the propagation direction of the control and probe beams. Its spatial profile can be shaped by choosing proper laser beams. We analyse several situations where the effective magnetic field exhibits a radial dependence. In particular, we study effective magnetic fields induced by Bessel beams, and demonstrate how to generate a constant effective magnetic field for a ring geometry of the atomic trap. We also discuss a possibility of creating an effective field of a magnetic monopole.


The attack graph model is an effective method for analyzing multi-step attacks. Most existing related works only focus on networks with static topology and are unsuitable for the satellite Internet, whose backbone network periodically changes in topology. They are inefficient in path retrieval and unreasonable in attack path inference. To improve the retrieval efficiency of attack paths, we first propose a network logical attack graph with periodic changes. It can reduce retrieval space while preserving the exploitation relationship among hosts in a period. Then we design a hierarchical parallel search algorithm to quickly retrieve attack paths by dividing the path retrieval space into independent subspaces that can compute in parallel. To reasonably infer the attack paths, considering the impact of attack moment and topological connection duration on the selection probability of the attack path, we calculate it in combination with the basic exploitability probability, the total attack duration intention, the asset value, the time-based PageRank centrality, and the attack completion ratio. The experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our method.


The European Council applauds the way in which South Africa has resolutely committed itself to democratic transition, through the exercise of moderation and national reconciliation. It welcomes the start of the reintegration of the country into its region and the larger world community and also pledges to support the government of this new South Africa, as it addresses the needs and legitimate aspirations of all its people, whom it now represents. The European Council confirms its intention to establish contractual relations between the European Union and South Africa in order to promote economic development, trade relations and political dialogue with South Africa. The European Council will also encourage the political stabilization and economic development of the Southern African region as a whole. In this context, the European Council recalls the decision to hold a ministerial Conference in Berlin on 5 and 6 September 1994 with the SADC Member States and South Africa.


Since mast cells were first described by Ehrlich in 1877, much of interest has been learnt about them. The term " mast cell " coined by him, literally means " well-fed cell ". He gave them this name because he found them in large numbers in connective tissue in which the metabolism had been increased, as in chronic infiammation or in the proximity of tumours, and noted the metachromatic property of their granules in the presence of basic dyes.


In this article, the shared and non-shared aspects of military- and police-based interrogations are described. Current events, such as the war in Iraq and the increasing number of identified false confessions, warrant the empirical comparison of these two interrogation forms. In regard to shared characteristics, both military and police interrogations utilize psychologically oriented techniques. In regard to non-shared characteristics, the types of interrogation diverge in their main purpose (intelligence gathering vs. confession/self-incrimination), the people they question, the degree of training interrogators receive, the use of direct questions, and the permissible use of torture. Implications for innocents in military and police interrogation settings are addressed.


Terror management theory (TMT) posits that the awareness of one"s inevitable mortality creates incapacitating terror and anxiety in humans resulting in increased adherence to the cultural worldview. The current study draws upon TMT and examines the effects of mortality salience (MS) on verdict and sentencing decisions of a defendant with facial tattoos. It was predicted that MS participants exposed to the tattooed defendant would be more likely to choose the guilty verdict, rate the defendant more guilty and less innocent, and recommend harsher punishments compared to other groups. The data did not support the hypotheses. However, a significant interaction between MS induction and facial tattoos for ratings of recommended fine severity was found. Implications for future research are discussed. Effects of Mortality 5 Effects of Morality Salience on the Verdict and Sentencing Decisions of a Defendant with Facial Tattoos This study examined how mortality salience impacts sentencing of a defendant with a socially deviant appearance, specifically facial tattoos. Participant self-esteem was assessed before participants were introduced to a mortality salient or neutral induction. Participants also reviewed a court brief accompanied by a photograph of a defendant either with or without facial tattoos. Participants were asked to give a verdict of guilt, rate the defendant"s guilt and innocence, and rate recommended fine and sentence severity. The goal of this study was to determine how mortality salience affects the verdicts and recommended sentences provided by simulated jury members when the defendant has facial tattoos. Terror Management Theory In the 1970"s cultural anthropologist Ernest Becker argued in his book titled, The Denial of Death, that all animals, including humans, share an instinctive drive for survival and selfpreservation (Becker, 1973). However, due to their advanced cognitive abilities, humans differ from other animals in the awareness of their own eventual and certain death. In essence, Becker argues that humans face an existential dilemma comprised of a conflict between the drive for survival and an awareness that one"s life may end at any time, regardless of preventative actions (Becker, 1973). The instinctive drive for self-preservation and survival combined with the unique awareness of inevitable death creates the potential for incapacitating terror and anxiety in humans (Becker, 1973; Greenberg, Solomon, & Pyszczynski, 1997). These observations of human nature by Becker led to the development of the social psychological theory of terror management [Terror Management Theory (TMT)] (for reviews, see Greenberg et al., 1997; Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, Arndt, & Schimel, 2004; Arndt & Vess, 2008). Effects of Mortality 6 The central thesis of TMT is that the debilitating fear created through human awareness of mortality is coped with through a cultural anxiety-buffer which includes of a cultural worldview. An individual"s cultural worldview consists of the concepts and ideas that create stability and meaning in one"s subjective reality and allow one to obtain a sense of personal value (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, Solomon, Simon, & Breus, 1994). The cultural worldview provides humans with a reason for existence, standards for appropriate behavior, and comfort by offering opportunities to achieve literal (e.g. religious) or symbolic (e.g. family, contributing to a nation) immortality for those who live up to the valued standards of living (Greenberg et al., 1997). When an individual believes they are upholding the standards provided by the cultural worldview, he also experiences an increase in self-esteem which functions to buffer anxiety. In the last few decades, two general hypotheses have been derived from TMT. The first hypothesis, termed the anxiety-buffer hypothesis, states that self-esteem protects an individual from anxiety triggered by feelings of one"s mortality (Greenberg et al., 1994). Research shows when high self-esteem is dispositional or experimentally induced, participants report less anxiety, less physiological arousal, and less anxiety-related defensiveness when exposed to threatening stimuli (Greenberg et al., 1994). The second hypothesis derived from TMT, related to the first, is known as the mortality salience hypothesis [mortality salience (MS)]. The mortality salience hypothesis asserts that awareness of mortality increases the commitment to and defense of the cultural worldview as well as the desire to meet the standards presented in the cultural worldview (i.e. self-esteem striving) (Greenberg et al., 1994; Arndt & Vess, 2008). Numerous studies support the two major hypotheses of TMT and show that reminders of death motivate people to invest in and defend their cultural worldview. For example, following an MS induction, people are more likely to seek information that maintains a stable view of Effects of Mortality 7 reality which leads them to think in stereotypical ways and to favor those who conform to social stereotypes (Schimel, Simon, Greenberg, Pyszczynski, Solomon, Waxmonsky, & Arndt, 1999). As a result, MS increases the accessibility of death-related thoughts as well as increases in-group favoritism, out-group prejudice, and harsher penalties for those who deviate from the social norm or violate social expectations (Arndt, Lieberman, Cook, & Solomon, 2005; Greenberg, Pyszczynksi, Solomon, Rosenblatt, Veeder, Kirland, & Lyon, 1990; Schimel, Hayes, Williams, & Jahrig, 2007). Providing support for TMT and the MS hypothesis, Rosenblatt, Greenberg, Solomon, Pyszczynski, and Lyon (1989) found American participants reported more favorable reactions to a person who voiced strong allegiance towards the United States and more negative reactions to someone who reported strong aversion towards the United States following an MS induction. Because religious beliefs can also be an example of a differing worldview, Greenberg et al. (1990) asked Christian participants to report their impressions of both Christian and Jewish target persons. Half of the Christian participants experienced an MS induction while half served as the control. The researchers reported MS led to more positive evaluations of the in-group (Christian) target person versus the out-group (Jewish) target person (Greenberg et al., 1990). Along with increased prejudice of out-group members and those who violate the cultural worldview, reminders of death also result in heightened support for those who are seen as upholding the cultural worldview. For example, Rosenblatt et al. (1989) demonstrated that MS leads to a larger recommended reward for a hero who upholds cultural values. Moreover, when faced with MS, people are more likely to support charismatic leaders because of their assumed ability to provide security from threats and to unite one"s culture in the fight to overcome an identifiable "evil" (e.g. terrorism) (Cohen, Solomon, Maxfield, Pyszczynski, & Greenberg, 2004). Effects of Mortality 8 Similarly, Pyszczynski, Greenberg, Solomon, & Maxfield (2006) found reminders of mortality in American participants led to increased support of radical military action against countries perceived as a threat to the United States, even when this action could kill innocent civilians, compared to control participants. This study demonstrates the preference for those who are seen as upholding the cultural worldview, even when their actions may harm others. As Arndt and Vess (2008) point out, TMT has provided a useful framework to help us understand many important social issues, including applying TMT to the criminal justice system. Pickel & Brown (2002) found that simulated jury members who were asked to imagine their own death in a crime-related car accident were more likely to convict the defendant and recommend longer prison sentences. Similarly, Rosenblatt et al. (1989) found judges primed with MS cues set bail amounts an average of $400 higher for a defendant accused of prostitution compared to control judges. Rosenblatt et al. (1989) also found that participants receiving an MS induction who previously held negative attitudes towards prostitution recommended more severe punishment than those who did not previously hold negative attitudes. This finding suggests MS leads to harsher punishments for a defendant who violates the participants" previously held worldview. Similar to Rosenblatt et al."s (1989) findings, Lieberman, Arndt, Personius, and Cook (2001) found that MS results in more lenient punishment for a hate crime offender if the victim of the crime threatens the participant"s worldview. Participants read essays describing a hate crime committed against a person leaving a Gay Pride Rally or a Jewish Pride Rally and the offender shouted either anti-gay or anti-Semitic insults during the attack. Researchers found MS participants were less punitive than control participants (Lieberman et al., 2001). These studies provide evidence for the MS hypothesis which posits people who are reminded of their mortality Effects of Mortality 9 will consistently recommend harsher punishments for those who defy their cultural worldview and more lenient punishment for those who defend it. Because the justice system in the U.S. is founded on the assumptions of fairness and rationality, the application of TMT to understanding trial decisions is important and relevant. Understanding the impact of TMT on the legal system is significant because reminders of death are an unavoidable hazard for all those who observe or participate in trial proceedings. Because blatant reminders of death are not required to activate terror management processes, it is important to keep in mind any covert reminders of mortality present in the justice system. Arndt et al. (2005) state covert reminders of mortality may be elicited during trial proceedings through charges or details of a case (e.g. homicide, manslaughter), attorney or witness statements, or in the


Background The effect of high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) on hemodynamic data of the patients is still unknown. This was a pilot study to evaluate the effect of HFNC and conventional oxygen therapy (COT) on post-upper abdominal surgery. Methods This was an open-label randomized controlled trial (RCT) at tertiary hospital between February-June 2019. Inclusion criteria were ASA III, aged 18-65 years, BMI 18,5-29 kg/m. Exclusion criteria were patients with unstable hemodynamic with vasopressors, general oedema, and uncooperative. Thirty patients were recruited and divided into HFNC group (n=15) and COT group (n=15). Hemodynamic parameters were recorded using the bedside monitor (heart rate, respiratory rate, and mean arterial pressure) as well as the electrical cardiometry using ICON® measurements (stroke volume index, cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index); laboratory parameters were ScVO2 and lactate serum. Data were collected at 0, 30 and 60 minutes postextubation. Results The General Linear Model (GLM) tests on clinical parameters (HR, RR and MAP) were P= 0.20; P =0.72; P = 0.18, ICON® parameters (SVI, CI and SVRI) were P= 0.02;P =0.64; P =0.64 meanwhile ScVO2 and lactate were P = 0.35 and P = 0.22. Despite those results, at some period of measurements there were a tendency of a better outcomes of most parameters for the HFNC group. Conclusion According to the results, the only statistically significant outcome was SVI (P =0.02) after the analysis between those two groups. However, the HFNC group showed a clinically improvement of the other outcomes among post-upper abdominal surgery patients.


character of taxation after the war, on whether banking systems will collapse, whether the issues of paper money will be increased, whether emigration from Europe will be large or small, whether the tides of international trade will abstract gold from this country, whether new inventions, stimulated by the war, will materially affect industry, and on other possibilities beyond the ken of man. All that we can do at present is to make arbitrary assumptions as to such unknowns,-to assume, for instance, that the United States will still remain out of the conflict, that the paper money situation will not grow much worse, if at all, that emigration from Europe will not constitute any considerable exodus, that national bankruptcies will, for the most part, be avoided, that taxation, after the war, though heavy, will not be comparable to the sacrifice of current income during the war, that no great influences on international trade, beyond those which are already obvious, will come forward, and that inventions will grow out of the war which will be of great use in industry and will require the investment of much capital.


By introducing the oil price shock into the new Keynesian Phil-lips Curve(NKPC),this paper investigates the effects the oil price pass-through to inflation in China.According to the theoretical results,the influencing extent of international oil price fluctuation to China's inflation is determined by the dy-namic characters of NKPC and the share of oil input in production in China.The results of empirical analysis show that the oil augment NKPC in China has the classical dynamical characters of NKPC,the short run pass through effects of oil price to various inflations are positive,as well as the long run effects are not statistically significant.


Professor SHU Peng had a unique effect in the treatment of digestive tract tumors especially gastric cancer. Through literature and combined with her own clinical experience,she thought that the spleen and stomach weak was critical factor of the incidence and development of gastric cancer. In order to reduce recurrence and metastasis of postoperative gastric cancer or change the cancer microenvironment,we must attach importance to strengthening spleen and nourishing stomach,emphasize on regulating Qi and activating blood or removing phlegm and dissipating a mass,don't forget the combination of syndrome differentiation and disease differentiation in the treatment of gastric cancer.


The research is aimed at studying the process of establishment and development of Eurasian-Cuban partnership under new geopolitical conditions and its role in the emerging global economy and geopolitics. The author reviews the methodical work of Eurasian Economic Commission as well as the system-forming role of Russia in building a mutually beneficial partnership with the Republic of Cuba, the priorities of interaction and the factors of influence are defined.Aim. To appraise significance and potential of the Cuban direction in the Eurasian Economic Union strategy in the context of the emerging multipolarity.Tasks. To study the process of institutionalization of the Eurasian-Cuban partnership, main areas of cooperation, current trends and factors of influence, determining the prospects for interaction.Methods. A combination of general scientific theoretical and special methods is used. The method of comparative analysis and the logical method are of prime importance. When working with regulatory and legislative sources, the normative method is used.Results. The potential of EAEU — Cuba relations has not been implemented yet; there are clear disproportions between the member countries; and the growing role of Chinese factor in the context of Eurasian-Cuban relations requires due consideration.Conclusion. Effective coordination within EAEU — Cuba — China can provide joint implementation of global challenges targeted at states' sustainable development under the formation of a multipolar world order.


lipoprotein(a), exhibits sequence similarity to plasminogen and can inhibit binding of plasminogen to cell surfaces. Plasmin generated on the surface of vascular cells plays a role in cell migration and proliferation, two of the fibroproliferative inflammatory events that underlie atherosclerosis. The ability of apo(a) to inhibit pericellular plasminogen activation on vascular cells was therefore evaluated. Two isoforms of apo(a), 12K and 17K, were found to significantly decrease tPA-mediated plasminogen activation on HUVECs and THP-1 monocytes and macrophages. Lp(a) purified from human plasma decreased plasminogen activation on THP-1 monocytes and HUVECs but not on THP-1 macrophages. Removal of kringle V or the strong lysine binding site in kringle IV 10 completely abolished the inhibitory effect of apo(a). Treatment with carboxypeptidase B (CpB) to assess the roles of carboxyl-terminal lysines in cellular receptors lead in most cases to decreases in plasminogen activation as well as plasminogen and apo(a) binding; inhibition of plasminogen activation by apo(a) was unaffected, however. Our findings directly demonstrate that apo(a) inhibits pericellular plasminogen activation in all three cell types, although binding of apo(a) to cell-surface receptors containing carboxyl-terminal lysines does not appear to play a major role in the inhibition mechanism. The construction and expression in human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells of the r-apo(a) variants utilized in this study (KIV 5-8 , 12K, 12ΔV, 17K, 17KΔLBS 10 , and 17KΔV) has been previously described (17,33,34,45-48). Variants were purified from conditioned medium, harvested from stably-expressing cell lines, using lysine-Sepharose affinity chromatography as previously described (17,33,34,45-48). Protein concentrations were determined spectrophotometrically (17,33,34,45-48) and assessed for purity by SDS-PAGE under non-reduced and reduced conditions followed by silver staining.


Hilary Harper on her difficult journey to motherhood. Ramona Koval on the search for her biological father. Neil Boyack on being born into State care.


This study demonstrates the application of laser‐induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and hyperspectral imaging to the investigation of coprolite and fossil samples. Solid samples from the Permian (seven coprolites and one fossil), Cretaceous (one coprolite) and Oligo‐Miocene (two coprolites) periods were directly analysed, and emission spectra from 186 to 1042 nm were obtained in several areas covering coprolite/fossil and rock material. Initial exploratory analyses were performed using principal component analysis with the data set normalised by the norm (Euclidean norm = 1). After identification and selection of emission lines of eleven elements (Al, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Ni, P and Si), the signals were normalised again by the relative intensity of the selected element. Phosphorus was identified mainly in the coprolites, while K and Na were primarily found in the rock material. In several cases, there was a positive correlation between Ca and P. A sample from the Oligo‐Miocene series was also analysed using inductively coupled plasma‐optical emission spectrometry (ICP‐OES) (rock and coprolites were analysed separately). Based on the quantitative results from ICP‐OES, it was confirmed that the tendency was the same as that observed with the results obtained from LIBS directly in the solid sample.


The recently developing sensitivity calculation method and direct integral method of reliability calculation are firstly introduced in this paper. Thereafter, a practical engineering calculation method is suggested and the concerned failure function of thick-walled cylinder under internal pressure is established. Last, failure probability and sensitivity factors of thick-walled cylinder structure are calculated and analyzed. Results of sensitivity calculation are shown that the influence of σ_s, q on the failure of thick-walled cylinder is much greater than the other elsments. The effect degrees of σ_s, q are respectively 41.60%, 29.01%. Therefore, it is suggested that during designing, manufacturing, using, these two elements should be controlled strictly. The internal radium and external radium are almost same in failure affect of cylinder structure under internal pressure. The research results and methods proposed by authors are useful in practical purpose.


Based on classical bacterial transformation and viral infection experiments, DNA (de oxyribonucleic acid) has been established as the genetic material which carries infor mation from one generation to the next [1-4]. The presently accepted double stranded plectonomically coiled antiparallel model of DNA had been proposed by Watson and Crick in 1953 [5] on the basis of fiber diffraction data [6,7]. Watson and Crick [5] proposed that DNA is a regular helix of two antiparallel polynucleotide chains with a complete turn of 34 A and a diameter of 20 A. Nucleotide, the monomeric unit of the polynucleotide chain, is composed of phosphate and heterocyclic base bonded co valently to the'pentose sugar. The nucleotides are linked together by phosphodiester bridge. The constant diameter of the helix led them to conclude that the bases in each chain face inward and are restricted so that a purine (A & G) is always opposite to a pyrimidine (T & C). They also proposed that the two polynucleotide chains in the double helix are not connected by covalent bonds, but are associated through hydrogen bonding between the nitrogeneous bases A with T (A-T) and G with C (G-C). The G-C base pair has three hydrogen bonds and has greater stability than A-T base pair which has two hydrogen bonds. Structural scrutiny of the molecules -from fiber diffraction studies to single crys-


This article considers semi-flexible composite (SFC) pavement materials made with 11 reclaimed asphalt planings (RAP) and geopolymer cement-based grouts. Geopolymer grouts were 12 developed and used to fill the internal void structure of coarse RAP skeletons with varying levels 13 of porosity. The geopolymer grouts were formulated at ambient temperature using industrial by14 products to offer economic and environmental savings relative to conventional Portland cement15 based grouting systems. They were characterised on flowability, setting time and compressive 16 strength. The effect of grout and RAP on SFC material performance was evaluated using permeable 17 porosity, compressive strength and ultrasonic pulse velocity. SFC performance was significantly 18 influenced by both grout type and RAP content. Improved performance was associated with 19 mixtures of high-flowability/high-strength grout and low RAP content. A practical limitation was 20 identified for combination of grout with low-flowability/fast-setting time and well-compacted RAP 21 skeletons. Solids content exceeding 49% by volume was not feasible owing to inadequate grout 22 penetration. A suite of SFC materials was produced offering performance levels for a range of 23 practical pavement applications. Preliminary relationships enabling prediction of SFC elastic 24 modulus based on strength and/or ultrasonic pulse velocity test data are given. A pavement design 25 is given using SFC as a sub-base layer for an industrial hardstanding. 26


Electrical transport has been investigated in amorphous and polycrystalline (α-phase) iron phthalocyanine (FePc) thin films grown by molecular beam epitaxy. Measurements carried out in the temperature range of 150–300 K showed hysteric current-voltage (I-V) characteristics at temperatures above 200 K. The I-V characteristics measured during the increasing voltage scan showed a transition from the Ohmic conduction to the trap controlled space charge limited conduction followed by a trap free conduction. During the decreasing voltage scan, trap free conduction was observed in full voltage range. The I-V hysteresis is attributed to the filling of deep surface traps created by chemisorbed oxygen. Amorphous films showed higher hysteresis as well as chemisorbed oxygen content.


In the given work the prospect of use of unique properties of films of linearly-chained carbon for creation of long-term memory with high density is considered.


Despite the steady wave of democratization in recent decades, the progress towards and the levels of democracy vary considerably across Europe. Many studies have been conducted to provide a differentiated outlook at the quality of democracy in each individual country; however, very few attempts have been made to aid the aggregation of discrete information in order to provide some comparative yardsticks for the evaluation of continuing developments. A fresh analytical framework broadly defines the quantitative indicators for democratization and good governance, which in turn allows us to draw meaningful distinctions between liberal democracies and non-democracies, and also to identify certain sub-types of democratic and non-democratic cases.


Cloud computing can improve the processing efficiency of applications in a smart city. For instance, in a future smart house, the home-based health care system may take advantage of cloud computing to provide real-time disease management services. However, because cloud is an Internet-based computing system, in which everything is processed online, the transition time of uploading medical images through the Internet will be a concern. Therefore, the image size cannot be too large. In addition, for the privacy concern, when uploading personal medical images to the Internet, they security level of these images should be enhanced. To deal with the abovementioned problems, this paper presents a novel data hiding method, which hides arbitrary data in block truncation coding compressed images. Experimental results show that the stego images produced from this work achieve both high data capacity and pleasing image quality.


The research investigated relevance of city branding of Beautiful Malang through city brand index and city brand personality approach. City brand index describes the competitive advantages of Malang which are reviewed from six aspects that are presence, potential, place, people, pulse and prerequisite. City brand personality identification of personal characteristics of Malang City which are viewed from the five dimensions that are sincerity, excitement, competence, sophistication, and ruggnedness.  The city brand index that, place get the high score. Brand personality of Malang City represent five dimension of city brand personality.  The City brand index aspects of Malang City that relevant to city branding "Beautiful Malang"  are place, people, pulse and potential, while indirect relevant  that are prerequisites and presence. The city brand personality scale of Malang City also shows that there are a few items the brand personality of Malang City has direct relevance to the "Beautiful Malang". The other items have indirect relevance, can be become supporting into personality of Malang City. Based on the results of this research, it is suggested that the Government of Malang should to pay attention on aspects of potential and city personality into process of development or evaluation at City Branding "Beautiful Malang". Keywords :  Malang City, Beautiful Malang, City Branding, City Brand Index, City Brand Personality ABSTRAK Penelitian ini membahas mengenai relevansi city branding " Beautiful Malang " melalui pendekatan city brand index dan city brand personality . City Brand index menjelaskan potensi unggulan Kota Malang yang ditinjau dari enam aspek yaitu presence , potential , place , people , pulse dan prerequisite . City brand personality mengidentfikasi karakteristik pribadi Kota Malang yang ditinjau dari lima dimensi ketulusan, kegembiraan, kecakapan, kecanggihan dan ketangguhan. Hasil city brand index menunjukkan bahwa aspek place mendapatkan penilaian tertinggi. Brand personality Kota Malang mewakili lima dimensi city brand personality . Aspek city brand index Kota Malang yang relevan dengan City branding " Beautiful Malang " adalah place, people, pulse dan potential , sedangkan yang tidak langsung adalah prerequisites dan presence . City brand personality scale Kota Malang juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat beberapa item yang membentuk brand personality Kota Malang memiliki relevansi langsung dengan city branding " Beautiful Malang ". Item yang lain tidak memiliki relevansi langsung, dapat menjadi pendukung dalam personality Kota Malang. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, disarankan agar Pemerintah Kota Malang memperhatikan aspek potensi dan personality kota dalam proses pengembangan ataupun evaluasi pada city branding "Beautiful Malang" . Kata Kunci : Kota Malang, Beautiful Malang, City Branding, City Brand Index, City Brand Personality


Address is one of the most commonly used spatial data in everyday life. Comparing two addresses (e.g., if they are referring to the same location) is a fundamental problem for address-related record linkage. In this paper, a fast, reliable, expandable address parser/standardizer/geocoder has been developed as an initial step towards spatial record linkage. First, a CASS-based geocoding test set was created and performance of on-line geocoding API providers (Google, Yahoo, Bing) was evaluated. Considering high time consumption and geocoding precision flaws, we developed an in-house TIGER/Line based hierarchical geocoder, Intelius Address Parser (IAP) that provides on-par geocoding precision compared to on-line geocoding APIs. Given over one billion addresses, on a 25-node Hadoop cluster setup on with Amazon AWS, the time consumption and cost are reported and compared with commercial solutions. Strategies for using geocoded addresses for record linkage is presented and plans on expanding the use of geocoded result are discussed.


SUMMARY
The ectomycorrhizal fungus Paxillus involutus Fr. was grown in the presence of root exudate of Pinus resinosa Ait, for two weeks. The effect of root exudate on the synthesis of ethanol-soluble antifungal compounds by P. involutus was determined by a bioassay based on microconidial germination of Fusarium oxysporum Schlecht emend, Sny. & Hans f. sp. pini. Cultivation of P. involutus on root exudate led to a greater than two-fold increase in fungitoxic activity when compared to cultivation on modified Melin Norkrans medium in Petri dishes. Inoculation of P. resinosa root exudate with both P. involutus and a spore suspension of F. oxysporum led to an 80 % suppression of the sporulation of F. oxysporum when compared to controls lacking P. involutus. The increased resistance of P. resinosa P. involutus associations to Fusarium root rot may, therefore, be the result of biosynthesis of antifungal compounds by P. involutus which is stimulated by P. resinosa root exudate.


Abstract In this paper, we present design and measurement of LNA(Low Noise Amplifier) based on GaN HEMT(Gallium Nitride High Electron Mobility Transistor) to reduce the total noise figure of radar receiver and for robustness of LNA. In radar receiver using LNA based on GaAs(Gallium Arsenide) technology, limiter is necessary at the very front of the radar receiver to protect LNA. As a result, total noise figure of radar receiver is deteriorated. In this research, measured noise figure of LNA based on GaN HEMT is below 2 dB. In the case of commercialized GaAs LNA, recommended maximum input power is about 30 dBm. On the other hand, GaN HEMT LNA which is designed and measured is burned-out when input power is 43 dBm and robustness is guaranteed at input power 45.4 dBm. Key words: LNA, GaN HEMT, Robustness, Current Limit ‡wxˆ3‰Š 5wx‹9Œwx . Ž '+C'"(Department of Wireless Communications Engineering,, Kwangwoon University) *ˆ3‰Š(Samsung Thales, Co, Ltd) `Manuscript received December 24, 2014 ; Revised February 5, 2015 ; Accepted February 6, 2015. (ID No. 20141224-105)`Corresponding Author: Jin-Joo Choi (e-mail: email@example.com)


This chapter on Africa and Kenya presents an overview of economic environmental population land use political and ethnic and class issues with a gender perspective. Kenya does not have an explicit policy on womens development but the prior three 5-year development plans addressed the issues of womens contributions to agriculture and their disadvantaged position in modern sector employment health education and decision making. Kenya in 1991 had 23614 registered and unregistered womens groups throughout the country. Women hold 6 out of 188 elected seats and none of the 12 nominated seats in Parliament. Enrollment of boys and girls in primary schools is almost the same. Female literacy is still lower than male literacy by a wide margin. During the recent economic decline female college enrollment declined. This decline reflects womens lower status which is a result of the combination of traditional African gender discrimination and new forms brought about by colonialism Christianity and Islam. Estimates place women as managers of 27% of small landholdings in female-headed households and as managers of 47% of small landholdings in families with absentee husbands. Kenya has special problems that arise due to class and ethnic competition for national resources an unbalanced power structure and economic and political vulnerability. Only a small proportion of the population has reaped the benefits from global economic linkages. 80% of the population live in rural areas and 46% live in rural poverty (52% of subsistence farmers). Kenya must implement development strategies that address income distribution and equity issues migration agricultural production of small farmers agricultural productivity and employment opportunities in rural areas. Most African countries are engaged in the international market but the value of African exports is declining. Governments and international donors must not ignore the narrow margins of survival that characterize most African countries.


Introduction Chronology 1588 Elizabeth I, Speech to the Troops at Tilbury 1589 Jane Anger, from Her Protection for Women 1592 Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, from A Discourse of Life and Death 1593 Elizabeth I, Speech at the Dissolving of Parliament 1601 Elizabeth I, The Golden Speech 1602 Mary Sidney Herbert, Countess of Pembroke, "A Dialogue between two shepherds, Thenot and Piers, in Praise of Astraea" 1611 Aemilia Lanyer, Salve Deus Rex Judaeorum 1613 Elizabeth Cary, The Tragedy of Mariam, the Fair Queen of Jewry 1617 Rachel Speght, from A Muzzle for Melastomus 1621 Lady Mary Wroth, Pamphilia to Amphilanthus 1630 Diana Primrose, from A Chain of Pearl 1642 Anne Stagg, et al., A True Copy of the Petition of Gentlewomen, and Tradesmen's Wives 1648 Elizabeth Poole, A Vision: Wherein is Manifested the Disease and Cure of the Kingdom 1654 Anna Trapnel, Strange and Wonderful News from Whitehall 1663 Mary Carleton, from The Case of Mary Carleton 1667 Katherine Philips, from Poems 1668 Margaret Cavendish, Duchess of Newcastle, The Convent of Pleasure 1673 Bathsua Makin, from An Essay to Revive the Ancient Education of Gentlewomen 1678 Anne Bradstreet, from Several Poems 1688 Aphra Behn, Oroonoko, or The Royal Slave 1688 Aphra Behn, The Widow Ranter, or The History of Bacon in Virginia Notes Biographical Notes Bibliography Index of themes


Abstract The authors investigate Robin Lakoff's dual claim that women use tag questions in more conversational situations than do men and that such questions signify an avoidance of commitment, causing the speaker 'to give the impression of not being really sure of himself, of looking to the addressee for confirmation, even of having no views of his own'. They find that in an at least one genuine social context, men did, and women did not, use tag questions, both formal and informal, so the claim is open to serious doubt. (Sex differences in speech; sociolinguistic method.)


1. A composition for destroying biofilms comprising: i. from about 0.005% to about 10% means the destruction of biofilms comprising at least one unsaturated long-chain aliphatic alcohol or aldehyde of formula: R (CR H) R (CR H) RCHRgde r and independently of one another represent H-, HO-, O = CH-, CH- or CH = CH-, (OCH-) R, (-OCHCH-) R, (-OCHCH (CH) -) R; R and independently from themselves and from each other represent HO-, O = CH-, alkyl or alkene C-Cc branched or unbranched carbon chain, -CHOH, -CHCHOH; Independently represents a single bond or -O-; Independently represents a single bond, -O-, (-OCH-), (-OCHCH-), (OCHCH (CH) -); Independently from itself represents H-, HO-, O = CH-, CH- or CH = CH-; n represents an integer from 1 to 10; m represents an integer from 0 to n / 2 if n is even, or (n-1) / 2 if n is odd; x is an integer from 0 to 10; y is an integer from 0 to x / 2 if x is even, or the (x-1) / 2 if x is odd, and z is an integer from 0 to 5; s represents an integer ≤n; and t represents an integer ≤x, provided that if none of the groups R, R, R or Rne contains unsaturated bond C = C, then m + y is at least 1; r and R components are those in which Rne is (-OCH-), (-OCHCH-), (OCHCH (CH) -) and Rne is (OCH-) R, (-OCHCH-) R, (-OCHCH (CH) -) R; carbon length Rdo carbon chain of R, continuously or intermittently, from 8 to 13 carbon atoms; and at least one of any R, R, r and Rsoderzhit HO- or O = CH-; ii. optionally therapeutically active substance; and iii. a carrier selected from the group consisting of a carrier not used for the oral cavity, a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, a carrier that is acceptable for


Background/Aim: Night shift work, exposure to light-at-night and the consequent circadian disruption may increase the risk of hormone-dependent cancers. We evaluated the association of exposure to ...


Under such a circumstance that the Central Party Committee is vigorously promoting the socialist construction of new rural areas,Sanmenxia municipal Hubin district Party Committee,by seizing such a good opportunity,sets a goal,takes measures,and bravely makes practices and explorations to solidly promote the socialist construction of new rural areas.


BACKGROUND
Adiponectin is involved in the regulation of energy homeostasis and more recently in the reproductive functions. We have previously shown that adiponectin receptors (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2) are expressed in human granulosa cells. However, it remains to be investigated whether both AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 or only one of these receptors serve as the major receptor(s) for adiponectin in human granulosa cells.

METHODS
The RNA interference (RNAi) technology was used to specifically knockdown the expression of either AdipoR1 or AdipoR2. Progesterone and estradiol levels in the conditioned media were measured by radioimmunoassay, and determination of cell proliferation by tritiated thymidine incorporation. The levels of adiponectin receptors and proteins involved in the steroidogenesis and in the signalling pathways were examined by western blot.

RESULTS
We generated AdipoR1 (R1) and AdipoR2 (R2) knockdown KGN cell lines. R1 cells were apoptotic and had increased expression levels of cleaved caspase 3 and decreased levels of BAD phosphorylation and PCNA as compared with control or parental KGN cells. R2 cells had similar morphology to control or KGN cells. However, they produced less progesterone and estradiol and expressed lower levels of StAR protein in response to FSH or IGF-1 stimulation compared with control cells. Furthermore, the increase of MAPK ERK1/2 phosphorylation in response to human recombinant adiponectin and FSH was lower in R2 than control cells.

CONCLUSIONS
In the human granulosa KGN cell-line, AdipoR1 seems to be involved in the cell survival whereas AdipoR2, through MAPK ERK1/2 activation, may be implicated in the regulation of steroid production.


Six novel μ - oxamido heterobinuclear complexes, namely Cu(oxap)Ln(NO2 - phen)2·(ClO4)3, where oxap denotesN, N' - bis (2 - aminopropyl) oxamido dianion, NO2 - phen represents 5 - nitro - 1,10 - phenanthroline and Lnstands for La, Nd, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, have been synthesized and characterized. The variable - temperature magnetic susceptibility of Cu (oxap)Gd (NO2 - phen)2 (ClO4)3 was measured over 4 - 300K and the susceptibility data were least -squares fit to the susceptibility equation derived from the spin Hamiltonian operatorH = - 2JS1·S2. The exchange integral was found to be 1.15cm-1, indicating that a weaker ferromagnetic spin - exchange interaction operates between the metal ions. The weaker interaction can be interpreted using the spin - polarization theory.