My thesis will trace the literary and historical depictions of slave children, beginning with twentieth-century monographs on slavery and the oral and written slave narratives that historians have utilized in their research. By analyzing varied portrayals of slave children in historical studies, I will explain the flaws in early work by White scholars and trace the responses of African American scholars such as Willie Lee Rose, John Blassingame, and Herbert Gutman. I will execute close readings of two contemporary novels that feature slave children as prominent characters: Ernest Gaines's Miss Jane Pittman (1971) and Toni Morrison's Beloved (1987). I will examine the effectiveness of the novelists who imaginatively attempt to fill gaps in the historical scholarship on the subject of slave children. My research focuses on how African American historians and writers have responded to the pervasive apologist rhetoric of slavery.


We realized efficient second harmonic conversion of orbital angular momentum (OAM) in a periodically-poled LiTaO3 crystal, and the conversion efficiency reached 3.2% even when the OAM index of the fundamental wave was 15.


A comparative survey was done of the formation of radiolabeled end-products during 35S0,2reduction measurements in coastal sediments of Denmark. The distribution of reduced 35S in acidvolatile sulfides (AVS), pyrite, and elemental sulfur in the upper O-15 cm of sediment depended on the sulfur chemistry and on the overall sulfate reduction rates. In sediments with relatively low metabolic rates, undetectable H,S, and low FeS : FeS, ratio ( 1 : lo), the 35S recovery in AVS was 63-92%. The relative contribution of Fe35S2 formation showed little depth dependence, whereas the formation of 35So was highest in the more oxidizing sediment layers near the surface. Inclusion of 35S-labeled FeS, and So in the sulfate reduction measurement yields more accurate rate data than are obtained from AVS alone. Due to possible isotopic exchange reactions and unknown pathways of H,S transformation into AVS, So, and FeS,, however, the radioactivities of the three pools cannot be used directly to calculate their differential rates of formation.


The problem of single moderately large solid two-layer cylindrical aerosol particle thermophoresis in inhomogeneous temperature monatomic gas is solved. Formulas found for the particle thermophoresis velocity allow estimation of its value taking into account dependence of the nucleus thermal conductivity coefficient on radial coordinate. The analysis has shown that the surface gaskinetic effects have growing influence on a particle thermo physical motion with increasing the Knudsen number, while the influence of non-uniformity of the thermophysical properties of particle decreases.


This practice-led research flows through fields of Performing Arts and Creative Writing. Its research contexts included playwriting, composition, recording studio practice and live performance. Through writing, recording and performing musical comedy, the aim of the research was to induce practices conducive to the transference of humour between the live and recorded domains.

A recording of original music was researched, written, demoed, recorded and released over 18 months, and live performances, deliberately located between music and theatre, adaptable for the comedy, cabaret and music stages were conducted. This interdisciplinary research responded to historical conceptions of genre and pastiche as well as Humour theory in its conception, and in its execution uncovered new approaches to live performance, the role of the audience and mixing related to the comedy vocal.

The writing of framing text and structural work of the live performance element consciously shifted away from dramatic conventions towards more musicalized methods of generating and editing text. The research outcomes encompass a 6 song EP for general release in hard copy and streaming audio (16 minutes duration) 3 blog posts, 1 working paper of 4300 words summarising the practical and theoretical elements of the project, 1 10 minute documentary, 1 live to air performance on Radio 4zzz and 4 performances in music/cabaret venues in Brisbane and Melbourne, greeted with positive reviews


The use of Concrete Filled Steel Tube columns becomes increasingly popular in the structural engineering field due to the advantages such as high bearing capacity, ductility and economic efficiency. Many experimental and numerical studies have been undertaken to investigate the behaviour of normal aggregate concrete filled steel tube NACFST columns under quasi static loads. However, few research has been conducted to study the behaviour of the recycled aggregate concrete filled steel tube RACFST columns under compression loading particularly the eccentric loading. This paper reports the findings of the experimental and numerical study investigating the behaviour of the NACFST and RACFST columns subjected to axial concentric and eccentric loading. Eighteen structural circular hollow tubes with a length of 458 mm and an outer diameter (D) of 114.3 mm were tested; half of them were filled with recycled aggregate concrete while the others were filled with normal aggregate concrete. The study has been carried out to examine the influence of several parameters such as the tube thickness i.e. 3 and 3.6 mm, the concrete type and the load eccentricity. The average 28-day compressive strength of the normal and recycled aggregate concrete cubes was 55 MPa and 52 MPa, respectively. The finite element models were developed using commercial code ABAQUS/Explicit, which were validated against the experimental results. There are two main constituent materials considered to model the compression behaviour of RACFST and NACFST columns i.e. the concrete core and the steel tube. In addition, the type and the contact properties between the steel tube and the concrete core are very important to simulate this type of structural members. Three dimensional eight nodes solid element with reduced integration C3D8R was used to simulate the concrete core and the steel tube. The stress-strain curve of the steel tube is assumed to be elastic perfectly plastic, the elastic modulus and Poisson's ratio were 200 GPa and 0.3, respectively. The Concrete Damage Plasticity available model in ABAQUS 6.13 is used in this study to describe the behaviour of the confined concrete core with both tension stiffening and compression hardening definition. The results indicate that both the RACFST and NACFST specimens have a similar deformation shape, and the compression capacity of the RACFST specimens is slightly lower than that of the NACFST. The numerical simulations were in a very good agreement with the experimental results in terms of load-displacement traces and deformation modes for both RACFST and NACFST specimens. It is recommended to use the Recycled Aggregate (RA) concrete in the CFST structural members with consideration of the effect of the RA on the maximum compression capacity.


In this paper, a medical diagnostic solution for a patient is implemented to measure a Glucose level in the blood using low cost LED Spectrophotometer rather than a commercial one that used in laboratory. This can be done by calculating the concentration of biochemical components within some solutions in cuvettes placed at eight different positions which is achieved by measuring the absorption of monochromatic light passing through the sample in the cuvettes. By using eight LEDs of different wave lengths as light source and eight phototransistors as light detectors, the delivered analog signals from the phototransistors which represents the absorbance of light in the cuvettes are converted into digital values using one of the eight Analog to Digital Converter channels. The digital values are then used to calculate the concentration of the component in the corresponding cuvette. Beside some external components, resources on Terasic VEEK-MT2 Board are used to implement this design which is mainly based on FPGA logics and modules in the Intel System-on-Chip (SoC) FPGA Cyclone® V SE 5CSXFC6D6F31C6N device to generate needed control signals. The seven segments placed on the board are then used to display the resulted values in hex-decimal, finally the LCD touch panel is used for displaying the results.


The objective of this study was to evaluate the author's recent, preliminary experience with the sentinel lymph node procedure in patients with vulvar melanoma and to compare this experience with treatment and follow‐up of patients with vulvar melanomas who were treated previously at their institution.


Combined with Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade National Quarantine Bureau(1998) No.113 Document,Ministry of Foreign Economic and Trade National(1999) No.108 Document and(2002) No.560 Document,the paper introduces the problems needing attention in the review of the commodity inspection table of the aid foreign completed project of the design general contracting enterprise to ensure the quality of the aid foreign export material.


Orit Halpern's ambitious book Beautiful Data: A History of Vision and Reason since 1945 offers historical insight into why we naturally perceive data as valuable in our contemporary society. Unlike many studies on data, big data in particular (e.g., MayerSchonberger & Cukier, 2013), the main focus of this volume is not data per se. Rather, this book presents a genealogy of contemporary society where we are regularly obsessed with big data and visualization. With a particular focus on cybernetics, the author critically traces the trajectory of vision and reason after World War II and thus discusses the relationship between our historically trained attention and contemporary biopolitical rationality.


Mincer's human capital earnings function has been widely used in empirical studies for estimating the rate of return to education. However,OLS estimates of Mincer's function potentially suffer from omitted variables,measurement error,sample selectivity bias, heterogeneity and so on. Many econometric approaches are developed correspondingly to reduce the above-mentioned problems. This paper aims to conduct a thorough review of the results associated with those corrective approaches in order to provide an accurate estimate of China's rate of return to education.


As the processing power and clock rate of CPUs and GPUs increase, there is a need for increased I/O bandwidth to enable chip-to-chip communication. I/O pin limitations demand faster links at low power to enable integration of high chip-to-chip bandwidth. However, the channel losses and impedance discontinuities increase at high data rates making it difficult to equalize the channel at low power. In this work, we target reliable, differential, bi-directional links at 20 Gb/s over 6" FR4 PCB trace and flip-chip packages with a total loss budget of 20 dB at Nyquist. In a half-duplex link, one TX and RX are connected on each side and the link direction can be turned around by the controller. A link-turnaround latency of <;10 ns is achieved by placing several key circuits on standby when not in use and by designing fast bias circuits. When fast turnaround is not required, the circuits not in use are powered down permanently and the link is reduced to the simplex case. The top-level transceiver architecture is shown. An LC-VCO-based PLL oscillates at 20 GHz and generates quadrature I/Q clocks at 10 GHz. Both TX and RX use a half-rate architecture to optimize power. The clocks are distributed through an on-chip transmission line to 16 I/O lanes arranged in 2 rows. The links are capable of data rates as low as 14 Gb/s to save power when full bandwidth is not required.


In view of the problem of a caving roof along different parts of the same roadway in a mine, this study classifies the mechanical characteristics of the local instability of the roof based on differences in the rock mass media and types of damage. We determine the factors influencing the quantitative relationship between the failure height of the roof and the environment to establish an indicator system for classifying the grades of risk of the roof caving. This is used to predict the height at which the roof caves along the roadway in a coal seam through fuzzy variable weighting analysis. We also develop software for the grading system of risks of caving of the roof and draw a grading map to represent this risk for a roadway in coal seam No. III in Zhaogu Coal Mine No. 2 in Jiaozuo City of Henan Province, China. According to the zoning characteristics of the coal mine, a targeted support design test is carried out in the same intake airway of working face 11030 of the mine. The results show that the proposed classification method conforms to safe practices in underground mining. The stability of the roadway during service and the grades determined using the proposed method were consistent. This has important theoretical significance and practical value for designing support for roadways and timely reinforcements in areas with a high-risk grade to guarantee the safe operation of coal mines.


ABSTRACT The theoretical calculations of the 2,4-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazine (DMT) molecule were performed with the help of density functional theory (DFT) calculations using 6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The conformational analysis of the DMT molecule was carried out and the most stable molecular structure was predicted. The structural parameters and vibrational wavenumbers of the title molecule were also calculated. Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR) and Fourier transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectra of the molecule were observed and simulated. The ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra of the molecule were simulated in the gas phase as well as in the liquid phase. The frontier molecular orbitals of the molecule were simulated, which confirms the bio-active nature of the molecule. The molecular electrostatic potential surface was visualized to confirm the reactive regions of the molecule. The natural bond orbital analysis reveals the bio-activity of the molecule. The thermodynamic functions of the molecule were computed. The molecular docking analysis confirms that the title molecule could act as a potent inhibitor of protein kinase, casein kinase (CK2), which is a key protein for breast cancer. The obtained results show that the title molecule is a potential bio-active agent which may be valuable for the designing of drugs for the treatment of breast cancer.


Nanostructured composites built with microporous cellulose fibers and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have potential impacts in the fields of energy storage, sensors, and flexible electronics. Few results have been shown for high mechanoelectrical sensitivity of CNT‐paper composite because of numerous current paths in the network. Here, CNT‐paper‐based nanostructured composite sensors whose sensitivities are generated by controlled tensile fracture of the composite are presented. Under uniaxial load, the cellulose fibers in the paper experience straightening, stiffening, and fracture. The cellulose fibers originally parallel to the tension are fractured while those inclined and perpendicular to the tension are reorganized to form crossbar junctions in the vicinity of a crack. The cross junctions exhibit resistive and capacitive sensitivity to the out‐of‐plane force by the compression of the junctions. Such piezoresistive and piezocapacitive sensitivities are characterized and evaluated for human behavior monitoring.


Abstract Pretreatment of first instar larvae of 28 resistant strains of Lucilia cuprina(Wiedemann) with the inhibitor of microsomal oxidases, piperonyl butoxide, resulted in a biphasic response to the phosphorothioate insecticide diazinon. Analysis of the data revealed a complex response in which both synergist-dependent and independent effects occurred. The responses varied markedly from strain to strain. A laboratory susceptible strain and field strains with resistance factors of less than 20-fold exhibited, in the presence of piperonyl butoxide, an increased LC50 with respect to diazinon whereas those strains with > 20-fold resistance were synergized by the compound. We conclude tentatively that microsomal mixed-function oxidases play a contributory role in the development of resistance and that the variation in synergist effect from strain to strain may be attributed, at least in part, to the two-fold effect of these enzymes on phosphorothioate insecticides such as diazinon.


Single crystals of CuAlS2 were grown by the chemical vapour transport using iodine as a transporting agent and doped by the elements Zn, Cd and Hg in the growth process or in atomosphere of vapour. The cathodoluminescence investigations of annealed samples at the temperatures 77 and 300 K allowed to determine the recombination mechanism. The outlook of this material for light-emitting devices is presented.


The context of socialization in the second half of the 20th century is far different than any previous socialization environment. Children in the United States and in other industrialized countries grow to adulthood in an age of science and technology. Despite these changes in the socialization environment, there has been little systematic study of the effects of growing up in a scientific and technological world on the formation of attitudes toward science and technology. The Longitudinal Study of American Youth (LSAY) is one effort to better understand the process of socialization. The LSAY will follow parallel national samples of seventh and tenth graders for four years, collecting data from the students and their parents, teachers, and school staffs. The base year for collection was 1987. This paper uses the preliminary results from the LSAY base year data set to examine attitudes toward science courses and student participation in informal science education, using a set of multivariate log-linear models tc examine the structure of parental and peer influences on these attitudes. Several path models are advanced and evaluated to help explain the relationship between variables. (CW) Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original document. ************** ******* *** ****** *** ********** ************ ********* ******* Parental and Peer Encouragement of Formal and Informal Science Education Jon D. Miller Director Public Opinion Laboratory Northern Illinois University DeKalb, Illinois 60115 815-753-0555 "PERMISSION TO REPRODUCE THIS MATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED BY


Objective: To characterize the heparanase (HPA) mRNA expression on the esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) tissues and its adjacent tissues and on esophageal biopsies from esophageal cancer patients and from the symptom-free subjects in Linzhou, a high incidence area for ESCC in northern China.Methods: HPA mRNA was determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)in freshly surgically resected ESCC tissues (n=38) matched with its adjacent esophageal tissues (n=38) and the normal esophageal tissues (n=20).Results: Expression of HPA mRNA was more prevalent in ESCC tissues (68.6%) and its matched adjacent tissues (62.5%) rather than in normal esophageal tissues (10%) from the symptom-free subjects (P0.01). But, the difference between the cancer group and its adjacent group was not significant (P0.05). The expression rate in the mild (70%) and poorly differentiated (77.8%) ESCC groups was much higher than that in the normal group (P0.01), however, the significant difference was not observed between the mild and poorly differentiated ESCC groups (P0.05). The positive rate in the samples with deep invasion (83.3%) and local lymph metastasis (86.7%) was higher than in those without deep invasion and lymph node metastasis (40%).Conclusion: HPA may play an important role in the development of invasion and metastasis of ESCC in the high incidence area for esophageal cancer in northern China. It was indicated that ESCC patients with positive HPA mRNA expression may have higher risk for metastasis and a poor prognosis.


Among men receiving early androgen deprivation therapy for biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy, obesity appears to be a significant risk factor for poorer prognosis.


The paper examines the role of prior on-premise enterprise systems use on the confirmation and perception of the infrastructure-specific system quality of cloud enterprise systems. The research model is built on expectation-confirmation theory conceptualizing and interlinking the different elements of system quality which differ strongly between on-premise and cloud solutions. To answer the research question, an empirical study using survey-methodology was conducted. The data was analysed using SmartPLS. Results show that most of the confirmation can be explained through SaaSspecific system quality. In addition, we identified a significant relationship between past experience with on-premise and confirmation.


This papers investigates the application of first order Taylor expansion considering reciprocal intervening variables for estimating second order statistics of the response of un- certain linear static structural systems. Results presented in this contribution indicate that for estimating second order statistics, the applied expansion is more accurate than approaches based on first and second order Taylor series proposed in the literature while numerical efforts associated with the implementation are similar.


Contemporary critical discussion of romance centers chiefly on poetry, drama, and the novel, that is, on the learned literary tradition. The most notable theorizer of the genre and the one who has done most to democratize that tradition, Northrop Frye, refers in his Secular Scripture chiefly to the major Greek romances by Heliodorus and Apuleius and to the English romances by Sidney, Spenser, Shakespeare, Scott, and Morris. In her Inescapable Romance, Patricia Parker examines the poetics of romance from Ariosto to Stevens, and even Frederic Jameson illustrates the characteristics of romance from the novels of Manzoni and Stendhal.1 Yet romance is essentially a popular genre, being "uncritical," unlearned, and unliterary in the sense that only occasionally in its long, uninterrupted history from Heliodorus to Barbara Cartland, and then only in the hands of a major genius, does it emerge into literary respectability. Today romances comprise 40% of the paperback market, a phenomenal readership to which contemporary critics respond with embarrassed silence. Yet in any age, one may speculate, there have been a dozen readers of romance for one of all the other genres combined. In this essay I propose to center on Elizabethan prose fiction, the Harlequin romance of the late 16th century, for it reveals most clearly the defining characteristics of romance. Also, it heralds the English literary tradition as its origin, or substratum, or-not to be locked into any one metaphor-


The clinical staging of the malignoma of the uterine corpus according to the FIGO classification corresponds in only 85.7% in stage I and 35.7% in stage II to the histopathologic staging after operation. Tumor grading and histology from D and C differ in 31.8% and 9.4% respectively from the hysterectomy specimen. We propose therefore to prefer surgical and histopathological staging to the pure clinical FIGO-staging in order to plan adjuvant therapy and for comparing therapeutic results of different patient groups as well.


The utility model discloses a dining table on a wheel chair. The dining table comprises a panel, sleeve rods and a connecting rod. One sleeve rod is respectively arranged on the back of the panel and on an armrest rod on one side of the wheel chair. Two ends of the connecting rod penetrate through the two sleeve rods respectively to enable the panel and the wheel chair to be connected and turned vertically. The dining table has the advantage that the movable dining table is arranged on the wheel chair so as to facilitate dining of wheel chair users. Simultaneously, the dining table can be adjusted forward and backward and can also be turned vertically, is simple in structure, convenient to adjust and detach and meets living needs of the users conveniently.


The work proposes a new approach to study the Sardi nian late gothic architecture, so far limited mainl y to the historical aspects. The intent is to study such architectures from differen t points of view, starting with historical known da ta, enriching them with information concerning the shape and the geometry that generate d it. I believe that any construction that shows co ntinuity encloses a project design and a geometric construction, then the detai led knowledge of dimensional and material aspects a llows a comparison between similar elements to highlight relationships and dif ferences between buildings and construction element s. The relation of proportion in the design of constructive elements such as doorway s, windows, etc., can supply important information on the design choices of the builders, who certainly drew from a vocabulary of c oded shapes and pre-established sizes, well known w ithin the Gothic builders. The study takes as examples the late Gothic portals of the Sardinian churches. I intend to assess whether there are pre-established rules, which go beyond the stylistic comparisons and exten d the cognitive framework on the architecture they belong.


We have concluded (MacKay and MacKay 1 ) that in the albino rat the kidney weight has practically the same relation to body surface at all ages. In a broad sense this is true. However, a close inspection of the data presented at that time, omitting the less reliable figures obtained after 400 days of age, shows a slight but definite fall in the kidney weight: body surface ratio with increasing age. It has seemed desirable to call attention to this fact and to point out the cause. Attention has been drawn (MacKay and MacKay 2 ) to the decrease in the caloric intake with increasing age so that with a given protein concentration in the diet the older the rat the less protein is ingested each day in relation to body surface. The protein taken in the food has been shown (MacKay and MacKay 3 ) to be an important factor in determining the weight of the kidneys. This relationship is expressed for casein as protein intake = 0.0183 renal weight — 2.75. With this formula there are 150 mg. of kidney per 100 sq. cm. body surface with a zero protein intake. Calculated from the latter factor any kidney weight above 150 is then due to the dietary protein. Some of our data have been corrected in this manner and reduced to a zero protein intake basis. The original and corrected data are plotted in Fig. 1. When corrected for the effect of the dietary protein the kidney weight (average of both kidneys) in relation to body surface is more nearly the same at all ages. Each point represents an average of from 12-24 male rats.


Inevitably, interpreting treaties potentially involve contentious results when the opinions of parties differ. The Convention on the Rights of the Child is no exception. What to include during the process of interpreting the Convention could therefore be controversial. Thus, the legal significance of the interpretative output of the Committee on the Rights of the Child, as understood through principles of public international law, does not have an incontestable answer. Thus, there is reason to be cautious regarding the legal significance of the Committee interpretations.

The significance can be assessed both as a source of law and as a means of interpretation. For either of these concepts to encompass the Committee interpretations, quite an extensive understanding of the concepts is required. The provision on subsidiary means of interpretation in the Vienna Convention, on the other hand, is more ambiguous due to the non-exhaustive list permitting several different interpretations regarding what is permissible to include. If custom is deemed to permit Committee interpretations hereunder, or if the provision is viewed less restrictively, the interpretations could be allowed as a subsidiary means of interpretation. The Committee interpretations could also have an auxiliary function and indicate the states parties' position on subsequent agreements via practice, through the reaction of the parties. Departing from the strictly legal significance, the Committee interpretations can also have secondary influence on the interpretation of the Convention. Such influence derives from inter alia the ability to influence law makers, convince judges or states, or otherwise normatively shift the perception of the Convention. The ability to do so originate from the strength of the argument presented in the Committee interpretations.

This thesis concludes that the arguments that attach legal significance to the Committee interpretations as a means of interpretation require an extensive interpretation of the Vienna Convention. Whether the Committee interpretations can be applied as a subsidiary means of interpretation remains unclear. If the interpretations are instead assessed through their secondary influence, their significance appears dependent on the strength of the argument presented in the interpretations.


The topological charge of the vortex beam can be from negative infinity to positive infinity, which provides a theoretical basis for orbital angular momentum reuse and high-dimensional quantum communication. Based on the analysis of the characteristics of vortex beam, the variation of the intensity and phase of the vortex beam with the topological charge are simulated and studied, which lays the foundation for the theoretical and experimental research of the vortex beam.


The intense field of high power microwave causes ionization of neutral particle in atmosphere and the plasma comes into being. The ionization frequency of neutral particle relates to electric field intensity and atmospheric pressure. This paper presents the interaction between electron and air neutral molecules in comparatively wide region. When an impulse of high power microwave is propagated, the variation of electron concentration and refractive index accompanying with that of effective electric-field also intensity is also introduced.


En In this article, a very general construction of Sperner spaces with given collineation group is given that produces a very large number of non-isomorphic subgeometry partitions of projective paces as well as new focal-spreads. Also, a generalization of 'algebraic lifting' for Sperner 2-spreads is given.


This study focuses primarily on a qualitative exploration of the perceived social role patterns in youth. In this article we aim to elaborate on the following research questions. First, what characteristics are involved to describe role identity as well as role antagonists? Second, which role patterns and descriptions are composed of role models in university students? According to research questions Pearson's chi-squared test was used. Finally, we conclude with a discussion on how role models contribute to other aspects for instance when role model narratives are not just self-expression but have relevant power constituting knowledge, practices, and collectively generating the cognitive structure of social experience. We hope this article encourages further work to a deeper understanding of the developmental processes behind social influence at the intersection of psychology and social studies, putting role models center stage.


As new technologies are invented, research in the discovery of new active pharmaceutical moieties is reverberating now a day. Drug solubility is an extensive challenge for formulation scientists as approximately 35-40% of newly discovered drugs show lipophilicity. Low solubility is a rate limiting step for drug dissolution and extends of drug absorption to the systemic circulation. Poor dissolution results in low bioavailability, leading to difficulty to achieve desired therapeutic effect. Drug solubility can be increased by different methods like micronization, solid dispersion, salt formation, complexation etc. Self-micro emulsifying Drug Delivery System (SMEDDS) is in fame for enhancing solubility of poorly aqueous soluble drugs. Self-emulsifying drug delivery system, Self-micro emulsifying drug delivery system (SMEDDS) are isotropic mixers of oil, surfactant, drug and co-solvent which spontaneously form transparent micro-emulsions. When SMEDDS formulation administered orally, the solution disperses in GI fluid and instantly forms a fine emulsion by which drug gets a larger surface area which leads to quick dissolution of the drug. Objective of the present review is to update about advancements associated with SMEDDS preparation. It elaborates the evaluation tests required to analyse selfmicro emulsifying drug delivery systems. This review article also highlights on recent patents on SEDDS, SMEDDS and SNEDDS formulations.


Rapid economic growth in China has lead to the increase in the installation of underground utility infrastructure across the country. Major international events including the 2008 Olympic Games in Beijing and the 2010 World Expo in Shanghai have spearheaded this growth. As a result, trenchless technology has seen an increase in application due to its minimal impact on the environment, increased productivity, cost effectiveness, and worker safety. For example, there are currently over 5,200 horizontal directional drill rigs in operation from approximately 30 Chinese manufacturers. This paper presents the results of a survey questionnaire distributed to 58 professionals in the underground utility including contractors, designers, manufacturers, agencies, and research institutions. Information on trenchless construction methods utilized, pipe materials, industry sector involvement, origin of equipment, and method for detecting existing underground utilities was solicited. Additionally, influence factors inherent to trenchless construction were quantified based on practitioner sector. Existing utilities and experience of personnel were found to be the most critical factors when assessing an underground utility infrastructure project. These were closely followed by equipment capacity and soil features. Understanding the perception of practitioners should lead to more success underground utility infrastructure projects in China.


Asthma is a common condition that results from the interaction of an unknown number of genes with environmental factors. Here, we describe the recent advances in this field including results of genome-wide searches for susceptibility genes.


Context awareness is one area that can be explored in developing mobile health (mHealth) application. Context refers to items such as user location, time, environment etc. applications can provide better services to the user by taking this information into consideration. One of the major challenges in developing context aware mHealth application is to store and process raw context data. This paper proposes ontology based model for the management of context data in proposed mHealth application. Ontology based model was compared with other competing models in literature for its suitability in developing mHealth application. Furthermore preliminary design details of proposed mHealth application are also provided.


We present luminosity profiles, colour profiles and disk parameters based on near-infrared JHK surface photometry of a sample of blue low surface brightness galaxies (BLSBGs). The results are discussed along with previously obtained optical data. We find


In recent years, electro hydraulic servo systems are more and more widely used in the aerospace, manufacturing industry and the agricultural machinery. As a result, higher requirements are put forward for the performance and application environment, including better tracking precision and respond speed. Aiming at the shortcomings of conventional PID controller, such as the large overshoot, long transfer time and poor robustness performance, a robust control scheme with dual-loop structure is proposed in this paper. Simulation results show that better performances are acquired in the novel approach in contrast with the PID control scheme and the structure of the proposed scheme is simple and easy to implement.


The aim of this study was to present a neglected, unclassifiable case that involved a central type polydactyl adult with 7 toes and metatarsals, 4 cuneiforms and 1 cuboid. A 22 year-old male soldier with a right polydactyl was referred to our hospital. He suffered from the need of excessively wide-shoes and occasional shoe irritation. He was evaluated with plain radiography and 3D tomography. The patient had central-type polydactyl with 7 toes and metatarsals, and 4 cuneiforms and 1 cuboid. Ankles and hind feet were completely normal. All toes were capable of tendon flexion and extension. His medical and family history was unremarkable. We planned to excise the excessive toes and metatarsals, but the patient denied the surgery. We present a very rare case with a central polydactyl having 7 toes and metatarsals, 4 cuneiforms and 1 cuboid. The striking point in our case was that he was a neglected, unclassifiable case.


Abstract : A periodic process can be characterized in terms of three periodicity (or p-) attributes: the periodicity (or period-length), the periodic wave-shape or pattern and the wave-magnitude or the scaling factor; all three attributes can be time varying in a real-life situation. In this report, we hypothesize that an analysis of the dynamics underlying a nearly periodic physiological process, such as appearing in a rhythmic blood wave pattern, can be quantified in terms of the dynamics of its periodicity attributes. This report analyzes data obtained from archival studies in which the photo-plethysmograph signal (PPS) is recorded from the finger. Each specific blood wave signal is decomposed into a regular component, which is nearly periodic and an irregular residual process. The dynamics of the PPS p-attributes of the regular part are analyzed individually as well as collectively to assess the general cardiovascular state. A new class of surrogate series based on the shuffling of the p-attributes is proposed to detect the nonlinear determinism in the PPS. The dynamics is further studied by mapping the variations of the p-attributes in a novel p-space, defined by the three orthogonal periodicity-attribute components; each point in the p-space represents one nearly periodic segment. Novel complexity measures based on global and temporal variations 0 dynamics in the p-space are proposed. A correlation is explored between the complexity measures derived from the p-space mapping of PPS that closely matches the cardiovascular state of a typical human subject. The mathematical algorithms derived from a simple blood flow wave pattern can be easily applied for assessing other physiologic signals in the cardiovascular system obtained during perturbations caused by dynamic exercise, thermal stress, and potentially high terrestrial physiologic effects during hypobaric stress.


ABSTRACT The ecological crisis has intensified in many respects. Prominent proposals to deal with the crisis are discussed under the header 'sustainability transformations' or even 'Great Transformation'. We argue that most contributions suffer from a narrow analytical approach to transformation ignoring the largely unsustainable dynamics of global capitalism and the power relations involved in it. Thus, a 'new critical orthodoxy' of knowledge about transformation is emerging which runs the danger to contribute to a spatially and socially highly uneven green capitalism. This article claims that the current debate on social-ecological transformation can be enriched by a Polanyian understanding but also based on regulation theory. We distinguish between three types of transformation: incremental adaptation of the current institutional systems, institutional change in favour of a new 'green' phase of capitalism, and a post-capitalist great transformation that implies a profound structural change of the mode of production and living.


Candida spp., Aspergillus spp., and Pneu11locystis caril/ii arc the most common causes of opportunistic fungal infections in humans 11,-,31. In the lung, the most common opportunistic fungal infections arc those due to Aspergillus spp. and Pl/eulllocystis cariIlii [4,51. Manifestations of pulmonaty infection by Aspergillus spp. arc protean, and they include various disease patterns with overlapping clinical and histopathological characteristics. In addition to saprophylic colonization of preexisting cavities in immunocompetent patients, 3 disease patterns are recognized: These include 0) noninvasive or superficially invasive tracheobronchitis, (2) chronic progressive and destructive infection in mildly immunocompromised hosts, and (3) rapidly progressive invasive infection in severely immunocompromised individuals [11. Three other possible hypersensitivity states have in common the presence of Aspergillus antigen in the lung: (1) mucoid impaction of the bronchi, (2) bronchocentric granulomatosis, and (3) allergic bronchopulmonaty aspergillosis [1 I. In Great Britain, mucoid impaction and bronchocentric granulomatosis are regarded as components of allergic bronchopulmonaty aspergillosis. In the United States and other countries, however, many cases of mucoid impaction and bronchocentric granulomatosis lack hypersensitivity to Aspergillus spp., and they arc regarded as separate entities. Bronchocentric necrosis and bronchial wall destruction arc the major histopathological features ofbronchocentric granulomatosis [61. Colby and associates [6) describe bronchocentric granulomatosis as a necrotizing bronchocentric process in which the airways show acute and chronic inflammation. Although most cases of bronchocentric granulomatosis occur in the setting of aspergillosis, other infectious agents, such as MycobdtteriUIll tuberculosis, have been identified [71. Clinically, a mass ora localized lung infiltrate is apparent in these patients. Most often the patient will have a histoty of asthma or manifestations ofallergic bronchopulmonatyaspergillosis. Cases of branchacentric granulomatosis in nonasthmatic patients arc only occasionally recognized. In this issue of Jourl/al of !Illellsive Care Medicil/e, Collier and associates describe a previously healthy, immunocompetent, nonasthmatic, 42-yearold woman with bronchocentric granulomatosis, complicated by a spinal Aspergillus spp. abscess following corticosteroid therapy. This case report is medically important because it appears to contradict the notion of the noninvasive potential of Aspergillus in the setting of bronchocentric granulomatosis. Most previous reported cases of dissemination occurred in patients with allergic bronchopulmonaty aspergillosis [8-141. There have been no previously reported cases of dissemination in the setting of bronchocentric granulomatosis. However, noninfectious extrapulmonaty involvement may occur in other anatomical sites, such as the eye, resulting in scleritis [151. What led to dissemination of Aspergillus in the patient reported by Collier and associates? As noted by Strieder [161, invasive aspergillosis in normal hosts is exceptionally rare. Typically, invasive infection with Aspergillus spp., with or without dissemination, is associated with neutropenia, hematological malignancy, or corticosteroid use [171. T-cell dysfunction is also recognized as a risk factor; however, this dysfunction does not commonlyoccur in the absence ofgranulocytopenia. This finding perhaps explains why disseminated aspergillosis is not a frequent problem in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Clearly, functioning neutrophils, and perhaps pulmonaty macrophages, are the most important determinants in invasive disease or dissemination from a primaty focus in the lungs. The patient in the report by Collier and associates received corticosteroid therapy, thus creating the potential for dissemination. The association of long-term corticosteroid therapy with increased susceptibility to systemic fungal infection, including Aspergillus spp., is well documented [161. Studies in mice have shown that corticosteroids diminish fusion of lysosomal vacuoles with the phagocytic vacuoles of neutrophils containing phagocylized Aspergillus spores [181. Steroid therapy therefore leads to diminished neutrophil killing activity for Aspergillusspp. and hence to predisposition for invasive or disseminated disease. As Collier and associates point out, it is likely thatcorticosteroid treatment of the bronchocentric granulomatosis in their patient created a predisposition for Aspergillus dissemination from the lung. The message is straightforward: Although corticosteroids represent the main-


US health officials have released new clinical guidelines backing routine mammography for women aged 40 and over in the wake of growing controversy over the value of such testing in reducing deaths from breast cancer.

Although it is widely accepted that screening mammography leads to earlier detection of breast cancer, questions have been raised over whether such early detection actually translates into greater survival, and these have led to a heated media debate in the United States (16 February, p 432).

A media debate began in January, when the Physicians Data Query screening and prevention editorial board, an independent panel of US …


A series of spin crossover iron(III) complexes with the general composition [Fe(4OH-L6)]X (H2-4OH-L6 = 1,8-bis(4-hydroxysalicylaldiminato)-3,6-diazaoctane; X = Cl, 1a; Br, 1b; I, 1c) was prepared. A combination of the results following the single crystal X-ray analysis, infrared and EPR spectroscopy, and temperature dependent magnetic experiments revealed that the Fe(III) atoms occur in the low-spin state below room temperature and the crystal structures of the complexes involve rich networks of non-covalent intermolecular contacts resulting in two-dimensional supramolecular structures. Alterations in the halide anions influence the strength of the non-covalent contacts and affect the magnetic properties of the studied complexes. The antiferromagnetic exchange interaction between the non-covalently bound cations is the most obvious in the case of 1a and it weakens with the growing anionic volume of X. The 1D and 2D spin Hamiltonian models were applied to quantitatively extract the information about the intermolecular magnetic exchange (fit on 1D infinite chain gives J(1a) = −2.86 cm−1, J(1b) = −2.02 cm−1, J(1c) = −1.16 cm−1). Furthermore, gradual spin crossover behaviour for all of the compounds of the series was observed above room temperature in the solid state. Spin crossover accompanied by thermochromism was also demonstrated by EPR experiments in solution.


Over the last 3 decades, a growing body of work has demonstrated a relationship between volume and outcome for a variety of complex surgical procedures and medical conditions. Two large-scale reviews have systemically evaluated the methodology and results of many of these studies across a broad range of conditions.1,2 In 2000, Dudley et al1 found that, among 128 studies examining 40 different procedures or conditions, 80% reported a statistically significant relationship between higher institutional case volume and better clinical outcomes; none of the published studies reported an association between higher volume and worse outcomes. In 2002, Halm et al2 evaluated 135 studies for 27 procedures or conditions, many of which were included in the previous review; a preliminary version of this report served as the focus of an Institute of Medicine workshop examining the volume-outcome relationship in the context of healthcare quality.3 The authors concluded that 70% of comparisons examining either institutional or physician case volume noted a statistically significant relationship between higher volume and better outcomes. Once again, none of the reports found the opposite to be true.

Article p 2652

Pediatric cardiac surgery is the only surgical procedure performed in children for which a volume-outcome relationship has been documented. In 4 large studies conducted in the United States (2 studies4,5 included in the review by Dudley et al,1 3 studies4–6 in the Halm et al2 review, and 1 study7 published subsequent to these reviews), larger annual surgical case volumes were associated with substantial reductions in in-hospital mortality. These results were quite consistent despite the fact that the studies used different data sources, different patient selection, different risk adjustment methods, and different definitions of volume. Jenkins et al4 used aggregated hospital discharge data from California (1988) and Massachusetts (1989) …


A review and summing up is made of the experiences in developing the regional cooperation in the earthquake-related scientific an technological information work in East China during the recent ten years. It is suggested that under the situation of highly developed economy and science and technology it should be an ideal choice for earthquake-related scientific and technological information work to take the regional cooperation road,and to realize the resource sharing and common development.


ii OPSOMMING iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS vi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 2: ALTERNATIVE METAPHORS OF A HISTORICAL MOMENT 40 CHAPTER 3: THE CONTROVERSY OF NATIONAL INTEREST' 68 CHAPTER 4: ―A STRUGGLE WITHIN A STRUGGLE‖: CENTERING FEMALE PERSPECTIVES ON THE ZIMBABWEAN CRISIS. 110 CHAPTER 5: HOLDING THE STATE TO ACCOUNT IN POST-2000 ZIMBABWEAN FICTION 163 CONCLUSION: CONTESTED NARRATIVES OF THE ZIMBABWEAN CRISIS ......... 211 WORKS CITED 231 Stellenbosch University http://scholar.sun.ac.za


With Chinese chive as an experimental material,four treatment factors including S(4 g/m2) and nitrogen intensity(0,12,24,36 g/m2) were designed to study nitrate reduction and assimilation of Chinese chive in the experiment.The results showed that as the concentration of nitrogen rises,the nitrate content and the activity of nitrate reductase increased,while the activity of glutamic-oxaloacetic-transaminase(GOT) and glutamate-pyruvate-transaminase(GPT),the content of free amino acids and soluble protein,the dry content rate in Chinese chive increased at first and then descended.Sulphur can reduce nitrate accumulation and improve the activity of NR,GOT and GPT in Chinese chive under different nitrogen concentration,especially for 24 g/m2 of nitrogen.The increase amplitudes of NR,GOT and GPT activity,the content of free amino acids and soluble protein were 21.23%,20.15%,17.74%,22.79%,25.27% respectively.In conclusion,S and suitable concentration of nitrogen improved nitrate reduction and assimilation,which,meanwhile,brought transaminations into play vigorously,and promoted turning NO-3 into free amino acid and dissolvable protein.


A substantial proportion of ammonical fertilizers applied to lowland rice is lost as gaseous N from the soil–plant system. Besides various environmental factors, the low N use efficiency of flooded rice is also attributed to this factor. As atmospheric ammonia found in the leaf environment of the plants could also be responsible for differences in N use efficiency and fertilizer N losses from lowland rice, a greenhouse study was conducted on three rice cultivars varying in physio-morphological characteristics for their dry matter and nitrogen distribution to grains at maturity in response to ammonia (NH3) exposure at tillering and anthesis growth stages. The results revealed that ammonia exposure of plants at two growth stages did not affect the total dry matter and total N yield of the rice cultivars at maturity; however, the grain yield and grain N yield were negatively effected by NH3 exposure of the plants at anthesis. The variation observed in dry matter and N partitioning at maturity to grains/roots of the plants exposed to NH3 at anthesis indicated that the growth stage of the plants at which they are exposed to NH3 has an influence on N use efficiency of crop plants and subsequent vegetative as well as total N losses from the soil–plant system.


Disclosed herein are methods (1000) and a system (20) for analyzing EEG data. The processed EEG recording (200) the parameters are analyzed to produce the EEG. EEG recordings (200) is analyzed to detect a plurality of spikes through the tissue lesion, based on the detected spikes by counting lesions to determine the relative frequency, a plurality of spikes detected by averaging the like lesions.


Objective: internet addiction was linked both theoretically and empirically with attachment insecurity and dissociation; however, there is a lack of studies exploring the associations between attachment disorganization, dissociation, and problematic internet use. Method: in this study, an internet-based survey administered by means of the internet Addiction test (iAt) was conducted among the players of an italian multi-user dungeon in order to select a subsample of people who showed above the iAt cut-off for a problematic internet use. these players were contacted for a second phase of the study in which they were administered the Adult Attachment interview and the revised dissociative experience scale. Results and Conclusions of attachment disorganization on the internet addiction scores, thus supporting the idea that people higly involved with the internet role-playing games can use dissociation to protect the self from memories of loss, neglect and abuse experienced in the attachment relationships.


The June War of 1967 and its consequences have confirmed the United States and Russia as the chief external factors determining the future in the Middle East, as they still are in world politics as a whole. Although China and Europe may be seen as growing influences in the area, and both might become more important for different reasons during the coming decade, their effect has remained marginal, since neither are yet capable of living up to the hopes of diplomatic or military support pinned upon them by different Arab elements which regard them as potential avenues of escape from dependence upon the Soviet Union and America. For the Arabs, therefore, it has been vital to understand the nature and limits of American and Russian policy. In this they have not always been successful, even allowing for the degree to which the odds at the moment are against them and the difficulty sometimes of understanding rationally what Washington is up to.


Theoretical Foundations • Supports and reinforces each parent's strengths, emerging parenting competencies, and positive parent-infant/very young child interactions and relationships Direct Services Skills • Establishes trusting relationship that supports the parent(s) and infant/very young child in their relationship with each other, and that facilitates needed change • Formally and informally observes the parent(s) or caregiver(s) and infant/very young child to understand the nature of their relationship, developmental strengths and capacities for change What does it take to raise a happy, healthy child? Much has been written about parenting and the ideal qualities, attributes, and interactions that go into effective parenting. As a society we have access to information, suggestions, and research about parenting in magazines, books, television programs, and syndicated columns. We can interpret this to mean that we recognize the crucial role that parents play in the healthy development of their children. However, with all the information and opinions we are exposed to about parenting, we may also come to the conclusion that there is a perfect parenting formula, which if followed to the letter, will produce the most intelligent, well adjusted, and happiest children. And if we buy into this belief, we may also become critical of parents who do not seem to be parenting at this " advanced level " of performance. This can become a challenge for home visitors as we develop relationships with the families we serve if we approach our work from this evaluative position. The question we need to ask ourselves is what yard stick are we using to measure the level of effectiveness of the parents we are working with? And if a parent is not " measuring up " in our minds, is our yard stick a fair one, and could our judgments interfere with the relationship we are trying to establish with that parent? Winnicott talks about the " good-enough mother " and describes this concept as " …one who makes adaption(s) to the infant's needs…success in infant care depends on the fact of devotion, not on cleverness or intellectual enlightenment " (Winnicott, 1958). The


Elongation rates of maize roots showed to be independant of the root type but dependant on the genotype and steady over time, with a high heritability.The variations in source-sink relationships during the devel-opment of the root system was found to be highly geno-type-dependant according to our indicators.With an increased reliability, better root support and higher image quality, our next aeroponic phenotyping platform will allow us to develop a fully automated, model-assisted analysis pipeline. Aeroponics has proven to be an efficient and cost-effective way to phenotype non-invasively dynamic root traits (e.g. elongation rates, emergence dynamics) in addition to static characteristics on a large number of plants with a high temporal resolution [De Dorlodot


Fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) have recently been introduced into the construction market in various applications: rebars for concrete reinforcement, tendons for prestressed concrete, bolts for grouted anchors and more. In all the applications, the composite technology is used to produce a material that is as strong as steel, durable- with high resistance to aggressive environment, high strength to weight ratio and easy for handling and installation. Fibers of high properties, such as carbon, glass and Kevlar, are used for this purpose and together with a good polymeric matrix they can meet the above requirements. However, a weak link exists in the system that transfers the loads from the carrying fibers to the surrounding concrete, namely `bond'. In all the applications, the polymeric system at the surface of the rods is the one that transfers the loads between the two; therefore special demands are required from this system. An extensive study has been carried out in the last decade to establish the bond properties of FRP rebars and tendons as well as the load-slip relationship during pullout, effect of rod and tendon configuration on the bond, bond at the anchors and more. Part of this extensive study is covered by a review prepared by Cosenza et al., 1997, hence later data will be presented here. The understanding of these parameters can allow a better design of new FRP materials and accurate prediction of the behavior of reinforced and prestressed concrete members. The following paper presents a state of the art review on bond behavior of FRP rebars and tendons, the parameters affecting the bond with respect to rebars and tendon configuration, external parameters affecting the bond and models for bond behavior. Finally, points where lack of knowledge still exists and need further investigation in the future will be highlighted.


About a third of patients who present with upper respiratory infections are diagnosed with acute rhinosinusitis, and 80% of patients with this


Helicobactor pylori infection has been associated with peptic ulcer disease and is currently treated with proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), which have reduced the complications of the disease. Perfora...


This paper proposes a method of passively estimating the parameters of frequency-modulated-continuous-wave (FMCW) radar signals with a wide range of structural parameter values and analyzes how a malicious actor could employ such estimates to track and spoof a target radar. When radars are implemented to support automated driver assistance systems, an intelligent spoofer has the potential to substantially disrupt safe navigation by inducing its target to perceive false objects. Such a spoofer must acquire highly accurate estimates of the target radar's chirp sweep, timing, and frequency parameters while additionally tracking and compensating for time and Doppler shifts due to clock errors and relative movement. This is a difficult task for millimeter-wave radars due to severe Doppler shifts and fast sweep rates, especially when the spoofer uses off-the-shelf FMCW equipment. Algorithms and techniques for acquiring and tracking an FMCW radar are proposed and verified through simulation, which will help guide future decisions on appropriate radar spoofing countermeasures.


This is the second supplement to Professor A.S. Householder's KWIC index for numerical Albegra, ORNL-4778, revised June 1975. The first supplement (ORNL/CSD-18) is included in its entirety in this Index, together with the subsequent corrections and recent journal citations. Together with ORNL-4778 Revised, this constitutes the KWIC index for numerical algebra to date.


We present a new algorithm for detecting transiting extrasolar planets in time-series photometry. The Quasiperiodic Automated Transit Search (QATS) algorithm relaxes the usual assumption of strictly periodic transits by permitting a variable, but bounded, interval between successive transits. We show that this method is capable of detecting transiting planets with significant transit timing variations without any loss of significance—"smearing"—as would be incurred with traditional algorithms; however, this is at the cost of a slightly increased stochastic background. The approximate times of transit are standard products of the QATS search. Despite the increased flexibility, we show that QATS has a run-time complexity that is comparable to traditional search codes and is comparably easy to implement. QATS is applicable to data having a nearly uninterrupted, uniform cadence and is therefore well suited to the modern class of space-based transit searches (e.g., Kepler, CoRoT). Applications of QATS include transiting planets in dynamically active multi-planet systems and transiting planets in stellar binary systems.


The invention discloses a temperature-controlled intelligent liquid-supply system. The system comprises a device main body which is provided with an inlet pipe and an outlet pipe, an elastic infusion pipe arranged in the device main body, an extrusion rod for extruding the outer wall of the elastic infusion pipe, a driving mechanism for driving the extrusion rod to rotate and a temperature sensor for detecting the temperature of to-be-transported liquid, wherein two ends of the elastic infusion pipe are respectively connected with the inlet pipe and the outlet pipe correspondingly; liquid in the elastic infusion pipe flows from the inlet pipe to the outlet pipe when the extrusion rod rotates; the driving mechanism is controlled according to the temperature signal received from the temperature sensor, so that the rotating speed of the driving mechanism can be controlled. The temperature-controlled intelligent auxiliary liquid-supply system has the characteristics of simple structure, reliable work, blood flow intelligent control, stable flow rate, large flow adjusting range, high blood pressure, small size, animal implant safety, excellent biocompatibility and the like.


The Potential Consequences of the Elimination of LIFO as a Part of IFRS Convergence EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The SEC has proposed the full adoption of IFRS by U.S. filers by 2014, with larger firms adopting the international standards as early as 2010. One important change to U.S. accounting standards that would accompany a move to IFRS is the elimination of the Last-in First-out (LIFO) accounting method for inventory. Moreover, because of the LIFO conformity rule, a move away from LIFO for financial reporting purposes also means that the advantages of LIFO for tax purposes could be lost to these firms.


BACKGROUND: Two models are mostly used to predict survival in cirrhosis, the Child-Pugh score (CP score) and the model for end-stage liver disease (MELD). AIMS : The aim of this study is to evaluate the CP score and the MELD for short and long-term prognosis in cirrhosis, as well as CP-creatinine, MELD-Na and UKELD. METHODS : 1047 patients from five referral centres were included. Men/women: 620/427, median age: 58 years (IQR: 48-66), median follow-up: 33 months (IQR: 12-74), CP (A/B/C): 493/357/147, CP score: 7 (IQR: 5-9), MELD: 12 (IQR: 9-16). The performance of each score was evaluated by the Cox hazard model in terms of their: discrimination ability (C-index and Sommer"s D) and calibration (3, 12 months). Internal validation was done with bootstrapping (100 samples). RESULTS : 352 patients (33.6%) died. All scores were significantly associated with overall mortality, when assessed by univariate Cox analysis. CP-creatinine score performed significantly better than all other scores (Bootstrap C-index 0.672, 95% CI 0.642-0.703, Bootstrap Sommer"s D 0.344 (0.285-0.401)), apart from CP score, which showed similar performance. Inclusion in the multivariable Cox model of age together with CP-creatinine improved the discriminative ability of the model (Bootstrap C-index (95%CI): 0.700 (0.661-0.740)). In terms of calibration, CP-creatinine was the best for both 3-month and 12-month survival in the total population. CONCLUSIONS : CP score and CP-creatinine have better prognostic value compared to MELD, MELD-Na and UKELD scores for predicting short and long term mortality in patients with stable cirrhosis.


This article aims to determine the impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on public service motivation (PSM) and organizational performance. Based on a survey of Swiss cantonal public employees (N = 3,131), this study shows that several HRM practices may be considered as organizational antecedents of PSM and strong predictors of perceived organizational performance. Fairness, job enrichment, individual appraisal, and professional development are HRM practices that are positively and significantly associated with PSM and perceived organizational performance. Moreover, these results suggest that HRM practices are stronger predictors than either PSM or organizational commitment when explaining the individual perception of organizational performance.


San Martin and Saracho (2010) show that an incumbent, in a duopoly, prefers licensing an innovation through ad-valorem rather than per-unit royalties. In this note, we consider an outsider and oligopoly. We show that an outsider innovator prefers ad-valorem royalties. For an oligopoly that is not a duopoly, the incumbent prefers ad-valorem royalties if she can negotiate with the entire industry. If she has to negotiate separately with each firm, she prefers per-unit royalties.


Title of dissertation: FOURTH GRADERS' EXPOSITORY TEXT COMPREHENSION: INDICATORS FROM NAEP ON THE ROLE OF INCOME, OUT-OF-SCHOOL READING EXPERIENCES AND IN-SCHOOL READING EXPERIENCES Heather Ruetschlin Schugar, Doctor of Philosophy, 2008 Dissertation directed by: Dr. Mariam Jean Dreher Department of Curriculum and Instruction University of Maryland, College Park Researchers have long supported the notion that students' out-of-school and in-school experiences with reading may be related to their overall academic success (Snow, Barnes, Chandler, Goodman, & Hemphill, 1991), and some have argued that these experiences may be particularly important for children from low-income backgrounds (Darling-Hammond, 1995). Others have claimed that fourth grade may be a pivotal year for students from low-income families because this is when the demands of reading and comprehending exposition often become apparent (Chall, Jacobs, & Baldwin, 1990). Given these perspectives, the purpose of my study was to explore the contributions of fourth graders' out-of-school and in-school reading experiences to their expository text comprehension. In addition, I investigated the associations between students' family income and their abilities to comprehend


It was the idea of Calvin Elgot [4] to use Lawvere theories for the study of the semantics of recursion. He introduced iterative theories as those Lawvere theories in which every ideal morphism e : n → n+p (representing a system of recursive equations in n variables and p parameters) has a unique solution, i. e., a unique morphism e† such that the equation e† = [e†, idp] ·e holds. Elgot proved that for a finitary signature Σ the theory RΣ of rational trees over Σ is a free iterative theory on Σ. Later Stephen Bloom and Zoltan Ésik introduced iteration theories where there is an operation (−)† assigning to every morphism e as above a solution e† subject to additional axioms, see [3]. They then prove a completeness theorem stating that iteration theories axiomatize all identities valid for the least fixed point operation in domains. We recently gave an category theoretic explanation of this completeness theorem, see [2]. In fact, Bloom and Ésik had proved that the rational tree theory RΣ⊥ , where Σ⊥ is the finitary signature Σ extended by a new constant symbol ⊥, is the free iteration theory on Σ. More precisely, the forgetful functor U from the category ITh of iteration theories to the category Sgn = Set/IN has a left adjoint given by Σ 7→ RΣ⊥ . We proved that, moreover, U is monadic, and from this result one can obtain the completeness theorem mentioned before. In recent years, we have studied a category-theoretic generalization and extension of the classical work of Elgot, see [1]. We proved that for every finitary endofunctor H of a locally finitely presentable category there is a free iterative monad RH on H, and we gave a coalgebraic construction of RH . In this talk we present a generalized version of (our monadicity result for) iteration theories. We work with a base category A that is locally finitely presentable and hyper extensive, i. e., countable coproducts are disjoint and universal and, in addition, the copairing of a countable family of disjoint coproduct components is itself a coproduct component. In this setting we define the notion of an Elgot monad, viz. a finitary monad M together with an operation (−)† that assigns to any equation morphism e : X → M(X + Y ), X finitely presentable, a morphism e† : X → MY subject to certain axioms. These axioms resemble very much the axioms of iteration theories. One example of an Elgot monad is the finite power set functor. More generally, any finitary monad M is an Elgot monad on A if and only if the full subcategory of the Kleisli category AM given by the finitely presentable objects of A is traced cocartesian and the trace is uniform for all morphisms ηB · f : A → MB, where f : A → B is ∗Joint work with Jǐŕı Adámek and Jǐŕı Velebil.


representations that could aid reasoning when situations were uncertain. The way in which knowledge benefited complex task performance was therefore not


An effective method was established to determine simultaneously the residual contents of 15 glycol ethers in leather and leather products. Residual glycol ethers in leather and leather products were microwave-assisted extracted at 85℃, using methanol as the extraction solvent. Then the extracts were purified by solid phase extraction column, followed by the analysis of gas chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry technique. The concentration of each analyte was calibrated by external standard method. The spiked average recoveries varied from 81.30% to 92.52% under three different spiked levels while the relative standard deviation(RSD) changed from 2.91% to 6.93%. The limits of quantification(LOQ) changed from 5 g/kg to 20 g/kg at the condition of signal to noise(S/N) of 10. The proposed method was simple, rapid, accurate and sensitive. It could satisfy completely the technicaldemands of the determination of residual glycol ethers in leather and leather products. The proposed method was applied in the determination of residual glycol ethers in commercially available leather and leather products and glycol ethers of different content levels were detected in some samples.


Background Very few reports have addressed methods of treatment for idiopathic serous (IS) pigment epithelial detachment (PED). Objective The purpose of this report was to describe clinical courses of two patients with ISPED in whom reduced-fluence photodynamic therapy (RFPDT) was performed. Case reports Two patients (a 38-year-old woman and a 42-year-old man) were diagnosed with ISPED. In both patients, indocyanine green angiography revealed an area of choroidal vascular hyperpermeability including hyperfluorescent PED, which was evident at the subfoveal area. Both patients underwent RFPDT at an energy of 25 J/cm2. The PED was seen to have resolved 1 month after the treatment and visual acuity was maintained or improved. There was no posttreatment recurrence of PED after 6 months to 1 year, and no treatment-related adverse events were observed. Conclusion RFPDT may be an effective and safe method of treatment for ISPED with choroidal vascular hyperpermeability.


Muthmainnah Nasaru. 2013. Personification in Emilly Dickinson's poems. Skripsi English
Department Letters and Culture Faculty, Gorontalo State University. The objectives of this research are
identifying personification in Emily Dickinson's poems. The method that used in this research is a
qualitative descriptive by using data some steps, they are identification, clasification and conclusion. To
get the data, the researcher used data collection of this study is by using document. The document that
mean in this case is taken from Emilly Dickinson's Poems.Based on the data the researcher concluded
that Emilly Dickinson's poems use figurative language of direct personification. From those seventh
poems, the researcher found 20 data of the personification, the reseacher did not find indirect
personification. Hence, it could be conluded that language style that is used by Emilly Dickinson
contains of maany personification.
Key word.Figurative language, personification in poems, Emilly Dickinson's poem


Radar has established itself as an effective all-weather, day or night sensor. Radar signals can penetrate walls and provide information on moving targets. Recently, radar has been used as an effective biometric sensor for classification of gait. The return from a coherent radar system contains a frequency offset in the carrier frequency, known as the Doppler Effect. The movements of arms and legs give rise to micro Doppler which can be clearly detailed in the time-frequency domain using traditional or modern time-frequency signal representation. In this paper we propose a gait classifier based on subspace learning using principal components analysis(PCA). The training set consists of feature vectors defined as either time or frequency snapshots taken from the spectrogram of radar backscatter. We show that gait signature is captured effectively in feature vectors. Feature vectors are then used in training a minimum distance classifier based on Mahalanobis distance metric. Results show that gait classification with high accuracy and short observation window is achievable using the proposed classifier.


In this paper, we study a fading broadcast channel (BC) with perfect channel state information at the receiver (CSIR) and only a quantized version of it at the transmitter due to limited-rate links for channel feedback at each user. We find an achievable region for the fading BC under this condition using super-position coding and show that it is sumrate optimal. We also derive a closed-form expression for finding channel partitioning, which turns out to be the same in form as that for water-filling of power over time in fading channels. Using the derived closed form expression with temporal waterfilling of power at the transmitter in an iterative manner, we show numerically that a single iteration is adequate to achieve most of the capacity. Thus the complexity of finding the optimal (global maximum) or close to optimal (local maximum) channel partitioning is greatly reduced as compared to using a searchbased k-mean clustering algorithm like Lloyd's algorithm that requires multiple iterations.


The crystallite size and strain of CaO ceramic powder have been determined from X-ray line-broadening analysis at different decomposition temperatures. The CaO powder has been prepared from decomposition of calcium carbonate CaCO3 at different temperature which have been characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Differential, Thermal Analysis (TG, DTA) methods. Correction of the FWHM by Warren – method has resulted in corrected values of crystallite size. The crystallite size has been found to increase with increasing decomposition temperature from 30.2 nm at 800°C to 58.7 nm at 1200°C. Strain on the other hand decreases from 2.89 × 10 -3 at 800°C to 1.53 × 10 -3 at 1200°C. Estimation of micro hardness on compacts of different crystallite sizes has showed that crystallite size may influence the bearing load that compact can endure.


This thesis introduces an analysis and dimensioning of a solar powered solution for enabling clean and sustainable cooking in developing areas. Access to clean cooking is a great  challenge  hinder ...


Enzyme has been used widely in industries today due to its capability in catalyzing various types of biochemical reactions. However, the high cost of enzyme gives problems to the enzyme industries. A research was done to optimize the pullulanase activity from Bacillus Acidopullulyticus using experimental design. Two level Full Factorial design was applied in the screening process of four parameters for pullulanase activity and only three parameters were recognized as significant and effective factors for pullulanase activity. The three significant parameters were pH, enzyme and substrate concentration. Thus the three parameters were selected for further optimization studies using response surface methodology (RSM) in Design Expert version 7.1.6 software with Central Composite Design (CCD) mode. Thirty four sets of experiments with different parameter values were suggested. The predicted optimum values with R2 of 0.8729 for pH, enzyme concentration, substrate concentration and pullulanase activity were 6.60, 11.11 U/ml, 4.44% (w/v) and 3.17 U/ml respectively. One validation experiment was run using the optimized parameter and resulted 3.05 U/ml pullulanase activities as compared to the suggested values of 3.17 U/ml. As a conclusion, this research was successful to increase the pullulanase activity with a minimum numbers of experiments.


A theory is proposed that "negative symptoms", which are usually associated with schizophrenia, are manifestations of a traumatic stress disorder that is fundamentally similar in terms of the clinical phenomena and pathophysiological disturbance to chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as defined in DSM-Ill-R. Wider theoretical implications are explored briefly.


: Article by invading viruses, particularly in depth analysis Stuxne, Flame and other super-virus main characteristics, pointing out the invasion of viruses have in common is purposeful, targeted. And very subtle means of spread, damaged large. Some super virus has become an important weapon cyber warfare. Not only is the focus of competition for research and development of virtual weapons, but also has become a cyber-criminal, cyber-terrorism in the hands of a sharp knife. Therefore, should strengthen the cultivation of virus attack and Defense personnel to improve existing methods of teaching content and teaching method of computer viruses. Article proposes different types of talents should be different categories of virus and anti-virus teaching or training. Through three levels of implementation of the reform of the teaching content of the invasion of viruses, in order to promote the development of talent to meet social needs.


The multiple system loops refers to a two pair of particular radios on both side of the loop. But, multiple system loops wireless mesh networks occurred often link failures because of channel clashing, obstacles, and/or based on demand of bandwidth requirement. This cause major efficiency degradation in WMNs or more expensive manual network management. This paper deals about Autonomous Link Recovery System. This makes a Multi-radio WMN automatically recall its local network channel and radio. Autonomous Link Recovery System has been implemented on ns2 based simulation and improvement of 90% efficiency.


Although Argentinorhynchus bruchi (Hustache) from northern Argentina and Paraguay is extremely rare, it has the potential to cause heavy damage to waterlettuce ( Pistia stratiotes L.). In the laboratory, adults ate 1 cm2 of leaf surface/day. Field-collected females laid an avg 1575 eggs each on the leaf surface after they were brought into the laboratory. The eggs hatched in 7.6 days. First instars fed within the spongy leaf tissue, and 2nd and 3rd instars fed in the crown. Larvae developed through the 3rd instar in 12 days. The 4th instars could not be reared; they always exited from the plant and drowned in the water of the container. Adults fed and oviposited only on waterlettuce (except for slight feeding on Spirodela ) among 26 plant species tested. Larvae fed slightly on 6 species of plants, but all died within 7 days except those on waterlettuce. In the laboratory, 6, 8, or 10 larvae/plant killed waterlettuce within a month.


Based on words interpretation of scholars in "Qi Lu Deng", and supported by modern reference documents, this thesis gives supplementary interpretation to nine phrases such as bi pa(笔帕) ,ding zhe shen(顶着神) ,lao guan ban (老官板) ,ma zi (马子) ,ping kou(瓶口) , aiming at additional study on morden Chinese vocabulary.


The mitochondrion is a unique organelle that predominantly functions to produce useful cellular energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Unlike other non-nuclear eukaryotic organelles (with the exception of chloroplasts), mitochondria have two lipid membranes that enclose their own mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and ribosomes for protein production. Similar to nuclear DNA, mtDNA is equally susceptible to mutations that may be classified as either pathogenic or nonpathogenic. Myoclonic Epilepsy with Ragged Red Fibers (MERRF) and Mitochondrial Encephalomyopathy, Lactic Acidosis, and Stroke-like Episodes (MELAS) are mitochondrial diseases originating from pathogenic point mutations located within mtDNA. Currently, there is no cure and patient care primarily focuses on treating each disease's associated symptoms. When considering the multiple barriers existing between the extracellular surface of the plasma membrane and the location of the mtDNA within the mitochondrial matrix, developing a pharmacological therapeutic that can both overcome these barriers and correct an mtDNA causing mitochondrial disease remains difficult at best. Interestingly, the field of gene therapy may provide an opportunity for effective therapeutic intervention by introducing a genetic payload (to a particular cellular gene) to induce the correction. This review primarily focuses on understanding the principles of mitochondrial biology leading to the mtDNA diseases, MERRF and MELAS, while providing a landscape perspective of gene therapy research devoted to curing these diseases.


The present invention provides a composition comprising at least the following components: A) a first composition comprising a first composition based on ethylene polymer, wherein the ratio of I21 (the first composition) / I21 (a first ethylene-based polymer) of greater than or equal to 30; and B) an amount of 10μg / g to 40μg / g (based on the weight of the composition) of one or more azide compounds.


An M S 6.4 earthquake occurred in Yangbi, Yunan Province, China, on 21 May 2021. The epicenter was on the blind branch fault in the west of the Weixi–Qiaohou–Weishan fault, but no surface rupture was obvious. In the present study, the continuous vertical component of waveforms that were recorded in six nearby permanent stations was collected and the noise cross-correlation and autocorrelation techniques were utilized to investigate velocity changes that were induced by the Yangbi Earthquake. Velocity changes based on the single-station autocorrelation method reveal mainly coseismic declines, and a maximum of .09% was recorded in the EYA station. Results from the cross-correlation technique show both positive and negative velocity changes, and these lasted for approximately 3 months. The volumetric strain that was generated by the Yangbi Earthquake at a depth of 5 km exhibits an obvious four-quadrant distribution. Station pairs in the dilatation region (e.g., EYA–HEQ) mainly display a decrease in velocity, whereas those in the contraction region (e.g., BAS–TUS, TUS–YUL, and LUS–TUS) show an increase in velocity. Based on the depth sensitivity of scattered waves, velocity changes that were obtained using the noise cross-correlation involve the highest weight coefficients near the related two stations. Regarding stations of one station pair in different stress loading regions, the static stress of the station that is nearest to the epicenter exerted a greater impact on the velocity change. The observed velocity changes are likely attributed to a combination of near-surface physical damage and static stress changes. The validation of clock errors with magnitudes of seconds that were obtained using the noise cross-correlation and effects of these errors on measured velocity changes are also discussed.


Tidal Stream Turbines (TST) have the potential to become an important part of the sustainable energy mix. One of the main hurdles to commercialization is the reliability of the turbine components. Literature from the Offshore Wind sector has shown that the drive train and particularly the Pitch System (PS) are areas of frequent failures and downtime. The Tidal energy sector has much higher device reliability requirements than the wind industry because of the inaccessibility of the turbines. For Tidal energy to become commercially viable it is therefore crucial to make accurate reliability assessments to assist component design choices and to inform maintenance strategy. This paper presents a physics-based prognostics approach for the reliability assessment of Tidal Stream Turbines (TST) during operation. Measured tidal flow data is fed into a turbine hydrodynamic model to generate a synthetic loading regime which is then used in a Physics of Failure model to predict component Remaining Useful Life (RUL). The approach is demonstrated for the failure critical Pitch System (PS) bearing unit of a notional horizontal axis TST. It is anticipated that the approach developed here will enable device/project developers, technical consultants and third party certifiers to undertake robust reliability assessments both during turbine design and operational stages.


The research and development of soyasaponins at home and abroad in recent years are summed up in the following five aspects: structure, physical and chemical qualities, physiological function, extraction and isolation, application.


MOST PROGRAMMES OF adult Christian learning today expect students to engage in theological reflection. The theoretical underpinning for this is often drawn from secular models of reflective practice, made 'theological' by the subject matter for reflection. This article aims to establish an explicitly theological basis for the use of the metaphor of reflection to characterize Christian learning. The insights of this approach are explored in relation to a validated programme of education for Christian ministry on which the author teaches, and some implications are suggested for all church-based learning.


A material charging system is a critical process in a blast furnace. Raw materials are transported from the stock house to the top of furnace and distributed into the furnace. To put defined amounts of materials into the preset position, the control and detection of angular positions of flow control valves and the distributing chute on the top of the furnace is crucial. A synchro transmitter, used in combination with a synchro indicator, provides remote indication and control of the opening of valves, gates, dampers, and mobile equipment. In the proposed system, the synchro transmitter outputs a three-phase signal. The signal is finally transformed into a digital angular signal. By appropriate PLC control codes, the signal is a mapping of real mechanical angles or traveling length for operation and control. As a real application in a blast furnace, it is proved a robust, environment insensitive and stable solution of angle measurement and process control.


Modular development of ontologies proves beneficial at different stages of the ontology lifecycle. In our previous work, we proposed aspect-oriented ontology development as a flexible approach to modular ontology development and a-posteriori modularization of existing monolithic ontologies, inspired by aspect-oriented programming and based on so called cross-cutting concerns. Similar to other formalisms for modular ontologies (e.g. E-Connections), aspect-oriented ontologies rely on an extension of the used ontology language. This derivation from the standard in turn requires specially adapted tools in order to use these ontologies in applications. In this paper, we present an approach to the recombination of aspect-oriented ontology modules to standard OWL 2 ontologies by using an aspect-weaving service. The weaving service relies on a preconfigured catalog of structural ontology design patterns. We show that the use of the weaving service yields syntactically correct and semantically complete ontologies while still allowing ontology developers to fully benefit from modular ontology development.


Disclosed is an imaging NMR methods in which a subject to be examined object a stationary magnetic polarization field B¶0¶ and an alternating electromagnetic field is exposed and nuclear resonant processes are induced in the object that are detected as measured signals and visually. Likewise, a corresponding device will be described. DOLLAR A The invention is characterized in that the stationary magnetic polarization field, spatially limited volume area within the object with a larger magnetic flux density at least as in the remaining area of the object that measurement signals are detected by the induced within the limited volume range nuclear resonant processes and that the spatial position of the volume area is changed at least once controlled and the measurement signals are respectively detected again from the spatially altered volume range.


In this study we demonstrate the representation of sets of spectral signatures such that the representation is optimal in the user-defined sense. The basis functions for the sets are defined by minimizing the reconstruction error using the user-defined metric. In our proposal the basis functions are non-uniform rational B-splines (NURBS). NURBS representation is compared to the respective representation from the principal component analysis (PCA). The optimization setting is defined such that the proposed NURBS representation is capable to provide parallel reconstruction quality as PCA representation. The experiments indicate that for a low number of basis functions, i.e. for one or two basis functions, NURBS representation gives mainly better results than PCA. When the number of basis functions gets larger, i.e. to three of four or more basis functions, then PCA representation is always better independent of the metric used. The drawback of the proposed procedure is the time consuming optimization in defining the control points for NURBS basis functions.


Research Article It is aimed to develop a valid and reliable measurement tool that will help to evaluate anxiety related to pandemic in this study. Quantitative research method is conducted in this study. For data analysis, it is collected in two stages from 627 individuals aged 18 and older who lives in various regions and provinces of Turkey. Both construct validity and criteria validity are used to ensure validity. For construct validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) are conducted. Reliability of the tool is enabled by calculating Cronbach alpha internal consistency coefficient and item-total score correlation coefficients. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, it is noticed that the Pandemic Anxiety Scale (PAS) explains 56.54% of the total variance, and the scale consists of 26 items gathered in four factors: contagion anxiety, somatic responses, psychosocial effects and dysfunctional beliefs. According to the confirmatory factor analysis, it can be said that the structure revealed in EFA has been confirmed. In the criteria validity analysis, it is concluded that PAS has a moderately positive relationship with the Anxiety Sensitivity Index-3 scale adapted to Turkish by Mantar (2008). In the internal consistency analysis conducted to find out the reliability of the scale and the result of the level on this scale is confirmed to be high. It is observed that itemtotal score correlation coefficients differ from .36 to .75. In consequence of validity and reliability analysis, it is realized that Pandemic Anxiety Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. Received:17.04.2021 Revision received:23.05.2021 Accepted:25.05.2021 Published online: 26.05.2021


Background: Bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia infarcts were observed among infants, who presented with features of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). Thiamine is successfully tried in the management of the neurological condition, with basal ganglia involvement. Here we are comparing the treatment and outcome differences between infants who received multivitamins (thiamine), with infants who received only supportive care. Methodology: In this retrospective study, done from the hospital medical record of a secondary level hospital in Assam, Northeast India, between 2011-2015; 50 infants had bilateral basal ganglia infarcts, encompassing our study population. Depending on the exposure to multivitamins (thiamine), introduced in May 2014; 27 infants were grouped in the non-exposure group (Sep 2011-April 2014), and 23 infants were grouped in the exposure group (May 2014-Sep 2015). Results: Common presenting symptoms included seizures (100%), lethargy (90%), fever (70%), and feeding difficulties (76%). In the exposure group 1 (3.7%) infant died and in the non-exposure group 20 infants (86.9%) died (relative risk, 0.04; 95% Confidence Interval [CI], 0.006 to 0.29; P=0.00013). The infants in the exposure group have 96% less risk of death, compared with the non-exposure group. Two infants in subsequent follow-up, in the exposure group, did not have any neurological sequelae. Conclusions: Intravenous multivitamin (thiamine) supplementation may be associated with less risk of death in infants who had bilateral symmetrical basal ganglia infarct in the brain and presented with symptoms of Acute Encephalitis Syndrome (AES). The study suggests the possibility of subclinical thiamine deficiency, mitochondrial diseases, or SLC19A3 gene mutation in this population.


The present invention relates to processes for the microbial oxidation of bicyclic heteroaromatic compounds which comprise contacting these compounds with a microorganism, or a Suitable mutant thereof, and incubating the resulting mixture under conditions Sufficient to yield an amount of their respective carboxylic acids. The present processes optionally further comprise the isolation and puri fication of the product carboxylic acids.


We consider the loading of an elastic perfectly plastic body governed by the Prandtl‐Reuss law. It is shown that the stress velocities of the body have fractional derivatives of order ${1 \over 2}$ ‐ δ up to the boundary in the direction of the loading parameter, and of order ⅓ ‐ δ in the interior of the body in direction of the space variables.


Abstract Despite a number of recent studies on the production of multiphonics in woodwinds, an exhaustive study on the perception of these sonorities is still missing. In this work we undertake a comparative study of saxophone multiphonics from the musical, perceptual and acoustical points of view. We propose four major classes based on the analysis of the musical attributes and playing techniques of a set of 118 alto saxophone multiphonics, spanning all the possible sonorities previously reported. Then, we perform a dissimilarity rating experiment for all possible pairs of a subset of fifteen representative multiphonics. This experiment provides confidence in the suggested classification, since the four classes are segregated in a Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) representation. We also find two possible acoustical correlates of the perceptual dimensions: the spectral centroid (SC) and the modulation frequency (MF). Finally, this last representation is explored through morphing trajectories, which correspond to multiphonics that change the timbre and musical interval organization with fixed fingering.


To reveal the function of the biological macromolecular assemblies at atomic level, three‐dimensional structure of the complex molecules is essential. The beamline including detectors is designed to collect high resolution and high quality diffraction data from macromolecular assembly crystals with large unit cells. This beamline uses a standard undulator of SPring‐8 as a light source. X‐rays from the undulator are monochromatized by a liquid nitrogen cooled double crystal. The monochromatized X‐ray beam is collimated or focused reflected by a Rhodium‐coated mirror, and it is also used for elimination of higher‐order harmonics. At downstream of the Beryllium window, we place a fast shutter system, two quadrant slit systems, and an ionization chamber in this order. Size of the X‐ray‐beam can be changed by the slit systems from 1 μm to fully‐open. Typical photon flux is about 1011 photons/sec. with the slit size of 0.07 × 0.07 mm2 at 0.9 A. A sample is cooled either to 90K by a nitrogen or to 30K by a heliu...


: Reference dependency refers to that decision makers evaluations for the value of outcome are based upon certain reference point. That is, if the decision maker perceives his current wealth to be higher than the reference point, he feels a gain; conversely, if his current wealth falls short of his reference point, he suffers a loss. Reference dependency exists in almost all fields of everyday life. This paper introduces three psychological mechanisms of reference dependency, namely, prospect theory, regret theory and tri-reference-point theory. Then, we introduce influential factors of the reference dependency in terms of experience, emotional state, culture, goal and cognitive object characteristic. Future researches of reference dependency are expected to concern its origin and neural mechanism, and explore deeply dynamic reference point, multiple reference point and reference dependency in group.