The most important factor in the regulation of gastro-intestinal calcium absorption is vitamin D (Nicolaysen, Eeg-Larsen & Malm, 1953). Though a role for parathyroid hormone in the absorption of calcium from the gastro-intestinal tract has been assumed from indirect evidence derived from clinical states associated with abnormal parathyroid activity, such a role has not been defined. Albright, Bauer, Claflin, Cockrill & Aub (1932) reported that in primary hyperparathyroidism there was increased absorption of calcium from the intestinal tract, as shown by a low faecal calcium. These findings have since been confirmed by other workers (Lichtwitz & Parlier, 1959; Lafferty & Pearson, 1963; Jaworski, Brown, Fedoruk & Seitz, 1963; Hodgkinson, 1963; Spencer, Lewin & Samachson, 1968), some of whom have also noted a gradual decrease in intestinal calcium absorption following removal of the adenoma (Lafferty & Pearson, 1963; Jaworski et al., 1963; Spencer et al., 1968). Others have reported that some but not all patients with hyperparathyroidism show evidence of increased gastro-intestinal absorption of calcium (Aub, Tibbetts & McLean, 1937; Anderson, Osborn, Tomlinson & Wall, 1964). In a patient with hyperparathyroidism resulting from a parathyroid carcinoma, Cook (1 958) noted that faecal calcium excretion was normal. In patients with hypoparathyroidism diminished absorption of calcium from the gastrointestinal tract has been reported (Lichtwitz & Parlier, 1959; Spencer et al., 1968). These latter authors also reported that in these patients the administration of parathyroid extract did not


This article presents the generalized Lorentz transformations of time, space, velocity and acceleration which can be applied in any inertial or non-inertial (non-rotating) frame.


Alternating copolymerizations of methyl methacrylate with styrene in the presence of boron trichloride at 0°C in 1,2-dichloroethane were carried out by using benzoyl peroxide as an initiator. Conversion increased proportionally with polymerization time, whereas the degree of polymerization was constant irrespective of time. The rate depended linearly on the square root of the concentration of benzoyl peroxide. The equilibrium constants for the formation of the ternary molecular complex composed of methyl methacrylate, styrene, and boron trichloride in 1,2-dichloroethane at −20, −10, and +4°C were determined by 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The concentrations of the ternary molecular complex in the polymerization mixtures were evaluated from the equilibrium constant of the formation. The rate of the alternating copolymerization was proportional to the first order of the concentration of the ternary molecular complex. The distribution of methyl methacrylate-centered triads in the alternating copolymer was different from that of styrene-centered triads. These results can be explained by a mechanism involving the homopolymerization of a ternary molecular complex.


How to optimize returns of an international equity or bond portfolio? Which bets should we make between bonds and stocks on a domestic balanced portfolio? Access to capital markets has become increasingly easier for investors. In this context, the Tactical Asset Allocation (TAA), which refers to how a portfolio's funds would be allocated, given the investor's short-term forecasts, is an essential step in the management global process. Building market valuation instruments in order to identify opportunities will be the point of departure for TAA. This paper introducts the evaluation models developed by CCF Structured Asset Management, CCF 's quantitative asset management subsidiary. These techniques cover the bond and equity markets of a group of industrialized countries. The approach involves the search of an "equilibrium" or "fair price" based on long term relationships between market prices and a set of explanatory variables and the identification of error correction mechanisms which drive observed market prices to equilibrium market prices. Model specifications have taken into account the global aspect of international economies and financial flows. In particular, the leadership of the United States, Japan and Germany are considered. The results allow for the estimation of fair prices for each market, consistent with a general financial equilibrium. Deviations from equilibria are observed, which are indeed submitted to mean reversion forces, ensuring market efficiency in average. Tactical asset allocation will exploit arbitrage apportunities offered by deviations from the fair price. Cointegration techniques have been used in model's estimation. Examples of applications using model forecasts and optimization techniques are also presented.


Pathogenic mutations associated with early‐onset familial AD have been identified in the APP and PSEN genes, all of which are primarily involved in the processing of Aβ production. However, the combinatorial effects of mutations in both the genes against AD pathology in vivo remain unresolved.


In this splendid volume, Rowan Williams offers a modern Christology re-presenting and interpreting the Cyrillian theology as expressed in the councils of Constantinople II and III. A "single Subject" Christology is built up from Scriptural, Patristic, and Scholastic sources, drawing heavily on Maximus the Confessor, Thomas Aquinas, and Nicholas Cusanus. The conceptual framework for the whole is provided by Austin Farrer, especially in his early essay, Infinite and Finite, and in his later Bampton Lectures, The Glass of Vision. Whether a Christology adhering closely to axioms of incommensurability and non-competition between Creator and creature can undergird a fully Chalcedonian Christology is the demanding query posed at the heart of Christ the Heart of Creation.


The U.S. corporate governance system is a "representative" shareholder democracy (director primacy and manager discretion, fiduciary/professional duties and aspirational preferences, reputational- and self-enforcement mechanisms), conceptually similar to Karl Popper's open society. The system is a semi-personal exchange, repeated game that helps to offset the three fundamental conflicts of principal-agency in corporate governance. From an architectural perspective, the U.S. system is a model-reference adaptive control system with three feedback mechanisms (the stock market, the material disclosure system, and the proxy solicitation system) that admit shareholder criticism (exit, voice, and precatory judgment). Constructive shareholder criticism pushes firms to adapt, brings problems to their boards' attention, and prods their managers to solve the problems early on before they fester and grow. The U.S. system relies on fiduciaries (outside directors) and professionals (public auditors). The current crisis of investor confidence can be attributed to their failure to carry out their public responsibilities, which has significantly increased the measurement and enforcement costs of public equity ownership. Representative democracy provides for the economizing of virtue. Restoring investor confidence will require the continual reinforcement of aspirational preferences for virtuous conduct by fiduciaries and professionals. The current crisis can also be attributed to the inability of corporations in economic distress to problem-solve. Representative democracy also facilitates problem-solving through time.


Asymptotic expansions of the distributions of the sample polyserial correlation coefficients and associated parameter estimators are derived up to order O(1/N) when the estimators are obtained by full maximum likelihood. The asymptotic results are given under the assumption of multivariate normality for several observed continuous variables and a single unobserved variable underlining the corresponding ordered categorical variable. Asymptotic expansions of the distributions of the pivotal statistics studentized by using the estimate of the information matrix are obtained up to the order next beyond the conventional normal approximation. Numerical examples with simulations are shown in order to illustrate the accuracy of the asymptotic results in finite samples.


The main objective established in this work was to develop a model based on artificial neural networks (ANNs) to predict the corrosion status of stainless steel involved in biogas production, analyzing the influence of the material composition and the breakdown potential value. To achieve this objective, an ANN model capable of predicting the corrosion status of the material without the need to perform microscopic analysis on the material surface was proposed. The applicability of the corrosion models was verified via the experimental data considering different factors such as stainless steel composition, biogas environments simulated by artificial solution, temperature, surface finish, and the breakdown potential of the passive layer of stainless steel obtained from electrochemical tests. The optimal prediction performance shown by the model in terms of specificity and sensitivity values were 0.969 and 0.971, respectively, obtaining an accuracy of 0.966. Furthermore, analyzing the influence of the breakdown potential on corrosion modelling, an alternative model was presented capable of predicting the corrosion status automatically, without the need to resort to electrochemical tests for new conditions. The results demonstrated the utility of this technique to be considered in design and maintenance planning tasks for stainless steel structures subjected to localized corrosion in biogas production.


METHODS:A questionnaire survey, which include the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) as PA, the Depression Self-Rating Scale for Children (DSRS-C) as DP and the Sense of Coherence Scale for children (13-item & 5-scale, SOC-13) as SOC, was conducted to 8,873 children aged 10-14 yeas on 28 elementary schools and 20 junior high schools in Japan.The latent factors of DSRS-C and SOC-13 were identified applying factor analysis. Based on the distribution, VPA was classified into 5 groups (GV1-GV5: 0-9, 10-45, 46-105, 106-165, 166(min/day), respectively) and MPA was classified 4 groups (GM1-GM4) same as VPA except for 166min/day. Extracted factor scores were compared among these groups applying one-way ANOVA. RESULTS: DSRS-C was constructed 2 factors; decline of fun (DF) (α=.784) and sense of sorrow (SS) (α=.768). SOC-13 was 3 factors, comprehensibility & manageability (CO-MA) (α=.818), meaningfulness (ME) (α=.728), and interpersonal comprehensibility ability (ICO) (α=.608). The significant(p<.05) differences observed on DF and ME score among VPA groups in each grade and gender; they were improved significantly (e.g. DF GV1: 0.52+1.04 > GV5: -0.08+0.86, p <.05) with 45 min/day or more VPA. Additionally, the long VPA made the DF variance small, however, the variance of ME was not different among groups in each grade and genders. The significant(p<.05) differences also observed on DF and ME score with homoscedasticity among MPA groups in each gender; they were improved significantly (p<.05) with 10 min/day or more MPA. It is necessary to verify the interaction between VPA and MPA in future research. CONCLUSIONS:More than 45 min/day of VPA improves decline of fun on depression tendency and meaningfulness on sense of coherence in the early adolescent. Supported by Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research (B), (15H03108) Japan.


Many scholars used the method of combining quantitative and qualitative analysis to study the disyllabic and polysyllabic words in a special books, and they get an amount of useful data based on which they draw correct conclusions. On the basis of these achievements, we sum up the tendency of single-words and the various disyllabic and polysyllabic words' development.


This article aims to detect the opportunistic EM before share buyback and its impact on the short-term and long-term abnormal return. The study also examines the relationship between EM and promoters' holdings in the company. A sample of 117 companies over 1998–2013 is analyzed in the study. The quality of earnings is measured using discretionary accruals (DAs), and it is calculated by four different methods, that is, the Healy model (1985), DeAngelo model (1986), modified Jones model (1995) and performance-matched model (2005). Cumulative abnormal return (CAR) is calculated for a short-term abnormal return at around 3 days of the share repurchase announcement. Post-buyback buy hold abnormal return (BHAR) for 1 year is calculated for long-term performance. The regression model is used to examine the impact of DA on both CAR and BHAR. The findings of the article show that share buyback companies manage their earnings downward in the previous year of share repurchase than the year of share purchase and the next year of share repurchase. The sample firms deflate their earnings more as compared to matching non-buyback firms. Firms manage their earnings downward before open market share repurchase than the tender offer. There is a significant and negative relationship between abnormal accruals and 1-year buy hold abnormal return post-open market share repurchase. The study further observed that there is a negative relationship between promoters' holdings and EM. The study is constrained by the small sample size, so the results should be viewed by keeping these limitations in mind. The article is the first study on the detection of the opportunistic EM before buyback and examination of the relationship between the earnings quality and abnormal return in the Indian context.


Smart antenna system uses adaptive system for array of antenna elements to maximize system capacity, widen radio coverage and enhance quality of service. Smart antenna system design is the combination of antenna array design, hardware for signal processing and software. The aim of this paper is to develop low cost stable test bed for testing smart antenna algorithms and compare its results with the one standard model, designed using MATLAB simulink. The DOA estimation algorithms can be tested by using this platform. The results of this platform are verified and validitated by comparing them with the results of a similar standard platform simulated in MATLAB simulink. The testbed can also be used to check enhancement in the performance of DOA detection and beamforming algorithms for smart antenna. In this paper MUSIC algorithm is put to test on this platform & the results are verified for DOA estimation.


Submitted for the DPP08 Meeting of The American Physical Society The decay of MHD turbulence in a bounded domain KAI SCHNEIDER, SALAH NEFFAA, M2P2–CNRS & CMI, Universite de Provence, Marseille, France, WOUTER BOS, LMFA CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon Universite de Lyon, France — The effect of non periodic boundary conditions on decaying twodimensional magnetohydrodynamic turbulence is investigated. We consider a circular domain with no-slip boundary conditions for the velocity and where the normal component of the magnetic field vanishes at the wall. Different flow regimes are obtained by starting from random initial velocity and magnetic fields with varying integral quantities. These regimes, equivalent to the ones observed by Ting, Matthaeus and Montgomery [Phys. Fluids 29, 3261, (1986)] in periodic domains, are found to subsist in confined domains. We examine the effect of solid boundaries on the energy decay and alignment properties. The final states are characterized by functional relationships between velocity and magnetic field. Wouter Bos LMFA CNRS, Ecole Centrale de Lyon Universite de Lyon, France Date submitted: 15 Jul 2008 Electronic form version 1.4


With facile electrochemical deposition method makes a new and unique dendritic sil ver nanostructure consist of trunk,branch and leaves.Adopts scaning electronic microscopy(SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD)to characterize the structure of silver nanostructure,combined with the structure feature to explore the formation mechanism of dendritic silver nanostructure,the den dritic nano silver has very strong symmetric construction.The unimolecule determination experiment show:because of the structure features of high aspect ratio,numerous interstital structure,single crystal leave shape silver with nano-size,the prepared dendritic silver nanostructure has excellent SERS(surface enhanced Raman Scattering)activity as SEMS substrate,it can be used for ultralow concentration unimolecule determination.


To cope with change on the construction environment as
increasing social demand to high quality, and open to
domestic and overseas construction market according to
 aggrement of UR, it is needed to settle and applicate
 of quality control system.
In spite of this situation, actural condition of quality
control on domestic construction site is very poor, and so
 it is requested to develop of quality control system to
 fit domestic construction industry.
Accordingly, as first step, this study shows actual condition
of quality control and the point of issue and improvement
 plan for domestic construction industry by questionnaire.


Supply of information has increased rapidly through the growth of commercial media and technological innovations. Yet economists still blame anti-globalists' demonstrations and public opposition to trade liberalisation on poor information. This paper analyses how the structure of the media industry affects the distribution of information on trade policy and globalisation. We present an empirical analysis of Belgian media reporting on trade policy and globalisation over the 1999-2002 period, supports these hypotheses and finds strong negative bias in media coverage. Moreover, we find that media coverage of trade policy and globalisation is highly concentrated around summit meetings of political leaders. Media attention in the popular press is heavily influenced by riots and demonstrations at summits. The paper points at important implications for public information on trade policy and globalisation and for economists. Copyright 2006 The Authors Journal compilation 2006 Blackwell Publishing Ltd .


The U.S. Agency for International Development (AID) contracted with Battelle Memorial Institute for development of a reciprocating shallow- and deep-well hand pump for use and manufacture in developing countries. The Georgia Institute of Technology was hired to evaluate the performance and acceptability of the AID pump in comparison with other pumps in local use and the feasibility of local manufacture. Costa Rica and Nicaragua were chosen as field test sites. The pump was designed to fill the need for a reliable source of potable water in developing areas and the worldwide need for a long-lasting low-cost easily-repaired locally-manufactured hand pump. The report includes many technical documents: pictures of the pump and pump parts illustrations of installation procedure cost figures tabulated information on test sites and working designs. Results of the field tests indicate that despite many field problems the pumps can be manufactured locally with a high degree of quality. The pumps seem to be cost-effective to compare favorably with competitive pumps and to be acceptable to the local rural populations. Specific manufacturing recommendations are included.


Estimates of vegetation state are required for hydrometeorological modeling and validation of satellite estimates of land surface conditions. A linkage is described between vegetation growth and ground reflected multipath at GPS stations. Reflections are sensitive to conditions over a ∼1000m2 area, larger than typical in situ observations but smaller than space‐based products. At two agricultural test sites, vegetation height and water content are inversely correlated with the magnitude of ground reflected multipath measured by geodetic‐quality GPS stations. This relationship was tested further at Plate Boundary Observatory (PBO) network GPS sites, using Normalized Difference Vegetative Index (NDVI) to gauge vegetation status. NDVI is inversely correlated with the magnitude of multipath at nine sites located in grassland, shrubland and cropland. Multipath variations lag NDVI by approximately three weeks. Multipath statistics from existing sites are calculated daily and could be used to estimate biophysical properties in non‐forested regions, which represent ∼80% of land area.


As Bangladesh tries to increase the level of foreign direct investment, the authorities may formulate a transfer pricing policy to reduce the scope for detrimental profit-shifting activities of transnational corporations. A simple model to illustrate the role of transfer pricing in intra-corporate cross-border trade is presented. It is argued that while Bangladesh's transfer pricing policy should be based on internationally accepted principles, it will have to be suitable to the situation of the country and congruent to the administrative capability of the national tax authorities. Key challenges and further research topics in transfer pricing issues pertaining to Bangladesh are identified and discussed.


The past decade has seen an explosion in "genome‐era" technologies which profile genes, proteins, metabolites and the intricate web of interconnections among them. Much of bioinformatics and functional genomics is now focused on methods to assemble these diverse measurements into models of functional networks and pathways within the cell. Mapping the genetic network underlying the response to DNA damage. We will describe our ongoing efforts to apply ChIP‐sequencing and synthetic‐lethal screens to map how the cellˈs transcriptional network is remodeled by DNA‐damaging conditions. Network‐based biomarkers for disease diagnosis and personalized medicine. Recently, we have shown that networks can also serve as powerful biomarkers and in many cases are more predictive than any individual gene. Our approach is to project gene and/or protein expression profiles of each patient onto the known human genetic network map to identify pathways that are predictive of disease. Protein network comparative genomics. We are developing a library of standard approaches for comparing protein interaction networks across species, conditions, and network types.


Lincoln et al. (1) claim that Marine Group II Euryarchaeota (MG-II) are significant contributors to glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraether (GDGT) lipids in the ocean and biosynthesize crenarchaeol, a membrane lipid generally attributed to Thaumarchaeota (MG-I). The authors present two lines of convergent evidence for their far-reaching claim.


With an analysis of the features of users and user services in digital libraries,this paper discusses the user services of digital libraries in detail,including the simplification of user interfaces,the development of individual services and the provision of consulting services and user training.


The objective was to establish a sensitive and specific SYBR Green I real-time quantitative PCR method for the detection of Necator americanus.In this study,Necator americanus were obtained from the stool and identified chiefly based on the morphological characteristics.According to the ITS-2 sequences from GenBank,the specific primers were designed.Specificity assay was determined by a series of conventional PCR,and the ITS-2 sequence was amplified and cloned into T vector which was subsequently transformed into E.coli DH5α.Following by extraction and identification,the positive recombinant plasmid was used as quantitative template to generate standard curve and melt curve.Sensitivity assay and reproducibility assay were determined.The standard curves established by recombinant plasmid showed fine linear relationship between threshold cycle(Ct)and template concentration.Melt curves were specific and the correlation coefficient was above 0.993.The real-time quantitative PCR was more reproductive and specific than traditional PCR.Besides as the real-time quantitative PCR detection had the advantage of fast testing,it only needed 3 hours from the sample treatment to result report.A SYBR Green I fluorescent quantitative PCR for detecting Necator americanus was developed successfully.It is apparent that real-time PCR for the detection of Necator americanus is rapid,sensitive and specific.


complex and subsequently transferred to Eu, from which characteristic visible red emission takes place. The inclusion of phosphate is expected to reduce the symmetry around Eu compared to the pure oxide structure, which should increase the f–f transition rate and improve the luminescence efficiency. The as deposited samples display a high degree of photobleaching when subjected to UV or X-rays. The bleaching rate has been quantified for the as deposited samples and can be controlled by adjusting the Ti-content in the samples. Annealing the samples at 500–700 C increases both the photostability and the luminescence of all compositions, while annealing at 800 C and above quenches the Eu luminescence. Annealing at 1000 C results in a broad NIR emission centred around 820 nm for most of the samples. The structure, roughness, thickness and composition of the deposited films have been studied by X-ray diffraction, atomic force microscopy, ellipsometry, and X-ray fluorescence, respectively. The optical properties have been characterized with excitation and photoluminescence spectroscopy and spectroscopic ellipsometry, while field emission scanning electron microscopy has been used to determine the morphology of the annealed samples.


We utilize degeneracy of Bragg resonance and the intersubband transitions in a quantum well bright optical lattice to propose a coherently induced purely gain-coupled distributed feedback laser. The optical lattice is generated via formation of periodic regions of resonant intersubband gain without inversion in the absence of any refractive index perturbation using a control laser field. We show that longitudinal mode intensity profile and standing wave effects of such an intrinsically single-mode intersubband laser can be coherently controlled. These features allow immunity against spatial hole burning and lasing when modal loss is higher than modal gain.


In order to study the dynamic characteristics of unsaturated loess in Xining area, this paper use GDS dynamic triaxial apparatus conduct the dynamic triaxial test indoor, the effects of different vibration times, water content and consolidation ratio on the hysteresis loop, dynamic elastic modulus and axial strain of unsaturated loess in Xining area were studied. The results show that: when the vibration times increase, the hysteresis loop from strain axis left moves to right and from sparse become tight; The higher moisture content and consolidation ratio, the hysteresis loop is nearer to large strain direction; With the increase of moisture content, the dynamic elastic modulus decreases of unsaturated loess, and the axial strain increases; With the increase of consolidation ratio, the dynamic elastic modulus and axial strain also increases. The dynamic elastic modulus and consolidation ratio have the same features of increase or decrease, axial strain, moisture content and consolidation ratio also have the same features of increase or decrease. The research results can provide reference for the study of dynamic characteristics and disaster prevention and mitigation of unsaturated loess under traffic load.


This paper discusses the application of least squares support vector machine (LS-SVM) in image inpainting. The data with strong correlation with the damaged area are selected to train the LS-SVM model, and then predict the damaged parts with the obtained model. In order to make full use of the correlation in the image, this paper employs the additive high order kernel function to improve the prediction accuracy of LS-SVM model. The experimental results show that the presented LS-SVM model improves the inpainting obviously.


Introduction: The Enigmatic Prophet Jeremiah and His Manifestations in the Dead Sea Scrolls 1. From Rewritten Bible to Reputation: A Fresh Methodological Approach to Appropriating Jeremiah in the Dead Sea Scrolls 2. The Apocryphon of Jeremiah: A Material and Synoptic Overview 3. 4QApocryphon of Jeremiah Ca (4Q385a): The Reconstructed Text and Translation with Notes, in Conversation with the Other Witnesses (4Q387, 4Q388a, 4Q389) 4. 4Q390 and the Second Temple Apocalypse Redux 5. Character and Content: The Emerging (or Diminishing?) Jeremiah in the Literature of the Yahad Conclusions: Jeremiah, Community Leadership, and the "Origins Myth" for the Yahad


Manifolds play a role of pressure balance, buffering and rectification for different branch pipelines, the flow noise of manifolds has been a serious problem all this time in natural gas transmission station. By changing the number of outlet pipes of manifolds and the different positions of intake pipes, the distribution of the Sound Pressure Level (SPL) of the manifold flow noise is analyzed based on the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings (FW-H) acoustic analogy theory and Large Eddy Simulations (LESs). The three-dimensional simulation analysis of the flow field shows that pressure pulsation is the mainly source of manifold noise, as the number of outlet pipe increases, the SPLs of fluid dynamic noise at the end of inlet pipes are significantly reduced by about 10 dB on average, when the inlet and outlet piping are oppositely connected, the SPL is 2 dB~3 dB lower than that in staggered connections. An expansion-chamber muffler is designed with the analysis of its noise reduction effect, the results show that after the muffler is installed, the noise reduction in the low-frequency ranges reaches up to 37.5 dB, which controls the maximum noise to around 82 dB.


In this paper, the mechanical behavior of marble mesovolumes is numerically analyzed by taking into account their structures. Experimental data characterizing porosity and grain structure are used to generate geometrical computer models. To model inelastic deformation, the Nikolaevskiy elastic-plastic model is used. The failure criterion, which combines plastic strain and tensile stress limits, is adopted for the description of mesovolume fracture. The problems are solved with the application of the numerical finite difference method. Mesovolumes with porosity prove to fail fast, due to pores, which are strong stress concentrators. Besides, pore-free mesovolumes withstand long-time loading without failure. Accumulation of inelastic strain and damage takes place in grains with low strength properties. These results may be necessary for mining, underground construction, and other applications.In this paper, the mechanical behavior of marble mesovolumes is numerically analyzed by taking into account their structures. Experimental data characterizing porosity and grain structure are used to generate geometrical computer models. To model inelastic deformation, the Nikolaevskiy elastic-plastic model is used. The failure criterion, which combines plastic strain and tensile stress limits, is adopted for the description of mesovolume fracture. The problems are solved with the application of the numerical finite difference method. Mesovolumes with porosity prove to fail fast, due to pores, which are strong stress concentrators. Besides, pore-free mesovolumes withstand long-time loading without failure. Accumulation of inelastic strain and damage takes place in grains with low strength properties. These results may be necessary for mining, underground construction, and other applications.


Oogenetic development is characterized by 2 phases: a lag phase and a growth phase. The lag phase is characterized by the persistence of stage 2 oocysts for from 200 hours at 65°F to 25 hours at 106°F before the initiation of the growth phase. The growth phase contains stages 22 through 9 and has its shortest duration (48 hours) at 90°F, with the other temperatures requiring more time. No ovarian development occurs at 60° or 110°F; temperatures of 65° and 106°F are suboptimal, while 70°, 80°, and 90°F are within the optimal range for ovarian development.


Electrolysis has been considered to be an interesting research topic in recent decades. With the important advances in controllable solid-state semiconductor devices, it has become relatively simple to design power converters with high voltage and high frequency outputs. In this paper, high-voltage pulsed electrolysis is considered with optimisation of the frequency and voltage as well as the separation of the electrodes for different electrolytes. This paper also describes the use of pulsed plasmolysis, giving a new way to decompose water for the production of hydrogen.


Bacground: The practice of traditional medicine for the control of fertility in most parts of India is based on the uses of plant medicines for many years. Cissampelos pareira Linn. is one of the folk medicinal plants commonly used as antifertility agent in some places of India. Objective: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antifertility effect of the methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira root with mechanism of action. Methods: The methanolic extract of Cissampelos pareira root were investigated for its effect on estrous cycle, effect on implantation and reproductive hormones in female rats at two oral dose level: 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. Serum estradiol and progesterone level were estimated by ELISA method. Serums were isolated from blood samples collected on 12th, 19th, and 21st day of pregnancy.Results: No significant effect on extending the estrous cycle has been found with methanolic extracts of Cissampelos pareira root [CPR] treated group as compared to control group. Reduction in the number of implants in CPR treated group is significant. Furthermore, there is no significant change in serum estradiol and progesterone level from day 12th to 19th in CPR treated groups as compared to control group. Conclusion: All these observations suggest that CPR neither has any effect on extending the estrous cycle nor on implantation. We may conclude that alkaloids, the chief chemical constituent, present in CPR has no role in regulating the fertility.


Jade culture has a long history in China. It is the crystalization of Han nationality's wisdoms and the expression of her cultural psychology. By using forms to show their meanings, ancient Chinese characters are the carrier of Chinese history and culture. They have close relationship with Chinese culture. In Chinese forefathers' eyes, jade could not only prevent misfortunes, protect oneself and bless babies to grow healthily, but also be used to standardize people's behavior and show the moral level of the wearer and his social status.


References 1. T. Koshy, On the family of subsets of a finite set, Math. Gaz. 88 (March 2004) pp. 118-119. 2. D. E. Knuth, Fundamental algorithms (2nd edn.), Addison Wesley (1973) p. 70. 3. A. G. Howson, A history of mathematics education in England, Cambridge University Press (1982) pp. 265-266. 4. E. T. Whittaker & G. N. Watson, A course of mathematical analysis (4th edn.), Cambridge University Press (1927). NICK LORD Tonbridge School, Kent TN9 UP


Protic mono- and dinitration of 1,3,5,7,9-pentaisopropylpyrene (1) occurred at the available α positions to give 2 and 3. Despite steric crowding, 2 and 3 did not exhibit a torsional barrier to i-Pr rotation at ambient temperatures; however, buttressing of the peri i-Pr groups was evident ( 1 H NMR, UV, and force field energy minimizations). Persistent (dihydroryiminium)pyrenium dications 2a +2 and 3 2+ were formed by low temperature protonation of 2 and 3 with CF 3 SO 3 H (TfOH)/SOf or with FSO 3 H/SO 2


Abstract: Methylxanthines can produce behavior resembling opiate withdrawal in rats. Since previous studies have demonstrated the involvement of central noradrenergic systems during naloxone‐precipitated withdrawal, the effects of 3‐isobutyl‐l‐methylxanthine (IBMX) on norepinephrine metabolism in rat brain were studied. It was found that administration of IBMX elevated levels of the major norepinephrine metabolite 3‐methoxy‐4‐hydroxyphenyl‐glycol (MHPG) in areas innervated by the locus coeruleus. The increase in MHPG was noted 1 h after administration and was maximal (270% of control) after 3 h. Levels of another norepinephrine metabolite, 3,4‐di‐hydroxyphenylglycol, followed a similar pattern and time course. Coad‐ministration of naloxone with IBMX did not affect the IBMX‐induced elevation in MHPG. Administration of the a‐agonist clonidine, however, antagonized the effects of IBMX on MHPG levels. The effects of IBMX and clonidine were dose dependent; the lowest dose of IBMX needed to elevate MHPG was 30μmol/kg (i.p.), and clonidine (180 nmol/kg) reduced the effect of IBMX (100 μmol/kg) by 50%. The data, discussed in terms of a methylxanthine‐noradrenergic interaction, suggest that withdrawal behaviors in general may be subserved by hyperactive noradrenergic neurons.


Studies have documented operator drowsiness, sleepiness, or fatigue as causal or contributing factors in aviation, maritime, and trucking accidents. However, estimates of the prevalence of drowsy drivers on the road and of the proportion of motor vehicle crashes that involve drowsy drivers vary widely. This study presents new estimates of the prevalence of drowsy drivers on U.S. roads and of the proportion of crashes that involve a drowsy driver. In a nationally representative telephone survey of U.S. drivers conducted in the spring of 2010, 41.0% of drivers admit to having "fallen asleep or nodded off" while driving at some point in their lives, including 11.0% within the past year and 3.9% in the past month. More than one in four drivers admits to having driven when they were "so sleepy that [they] had a hard time keeping [their] eyes open" within the past month. Examination of data from a nationally-representative sample of crashes that occurred between 1999 and 2008 and involved a passenger vehicle that was towed from the scene shows that 3.9 percent of all of those crashes, 7.7 percent of those that resulted in at least one person being admitted to a hospital, and 3.6 of those that resulted in death involved a driver who was coded as drowsy. However, the attention status of 45% of the drivers in the data was unknown. The statistical technique of multiple imputation was used to take into account additional information about these drivers and the crashes in which they were involved and to estimate the proportion of these drivers who were drowsy. Taking all of these drivers into account, an estimated 7.0% of all crashes in which a passenger vehicle was towed, 13.1% of crashes that resulted in a person being admitted to a hospital, and 16.5% of fatal crashes involved a drowsy driver. © 2010, AAA Foundation for Traffic Safety


The purpose of this study is to build an integrated important-performance and gap analysis-quality function deployment (IPGA-QFD) model with outperforming service quality improvement capabilities in (1) identifying key service failures and (2) seeking the most effective recovery solutions that can handle numerous existing key failures to meet customer demands at the highest level regarding travel agencies' internal management, network service, and local tour leaders. For data collection, survey questionnaires were sent to customers in Northern Taiwan using modified versions of the SERVQUAL, E-S-QUAL, and E-RecS-QUAL measurement scales. 305 valid responses of 400 distributed questionnaires were obtained (76.25%). The findings effectively point out key service failures and the most efficient improvement solutions. Travel agencies should take these findings into account when attempting to enhance overall performance and customer loyalty. This study is the first to integrate and modify the IPGA and QFD concepts to provide academicians and practitioners with an innovative method and useful guidelines for promoting service quality and sustainable competitiveness.


A few further teaching experiences and comprehension as tutor of graduate students were instructed.It concerned with the process of enrolling new graduate students,the guiding for their selection of research subjects,the writing academic dissertation and the cultivation of innovation spirit in their research work.In addition,it has discussed how to deal with the relationship between personal tutor and graduate students.


Many recent studies have shown that educational games are effective tools for learning. Nevertheless, it is hard to find any practical guidelines for the creation of such games. The goal of this paper is to develop such guidelines for the creation of educational adventure games. Keywords— educational adventure games; game design; digital game-based learning; game development; e-learning


From increasing faction of Piwei and Shen, Chinese Traditional and herbal drugs have the faction of strentheing Organisms immunization and at the same,It can decrease the maim side effect of an titumor medicine Then We hope to find some new methods that Traditional Chinese madicine Crue Cancer.


An approach for Knowledge Acquisition from decision tables containing Continuous-Valued Attributes(KACVA) is developed.The equivalence partition in the classical rough sets theory is converted into a similarity partition.A novel representation method of the positive region in decision tables with continuous-valued attributes is built.Through calculating classification abilities of each conditional cluster to decision classes,decision rules in decision tables containing continuous-valued attributes are generated.Experimental evaluation on different data sets shows that the KACVA algorithm has the better performance in the classification accuracy comparing with the knowledge acquisition approaches under classical rough sets theory and the decision tree approach,C4.5,in processing decision tables with continuous-valued attributes.


The dynamic behavior of a high speed unbalanced rotor supported on roller bearings with damping has been studied, focusing particular attention on its nonlinear aspects. The non-linearity in the rotor bearing system has been considered mainly due to Hertzian contact, unbalanced rotor effect and radial internal clearance. This is modeled as an oscillating spring-mass-damper system. Various techniques like Time Response curves, Poincaré maps, Orbits plots, fast Fourier transformation, Hopf bifurcation and Phase Trajectory are used to study the nature of response. The motion of an unbalanced rotor is categorized with respect to the ratio of the Forcing/Natural frequency of the system as Harmonic, Sub-harmonic, Quasi periodic and Chaotic. The results show the appearance of instability and chaos in the dynamic response as the speed of the rotor-bearing system is changed. Period doubling and mechanism of intermittency have been observed that lead to chaos. The outcomes illustrate the appearance of instability and chaos in the dynamic response as the speed of the rotor-bearing system is changed. This work differs from the previous studies in the way that the complex model simulates nonlinear vibrations, considering that both the lubricated nonlinear contact stiffness and damping correspond to the conservative and dissipative energies, respectively. The comprehensive model developed in this investigation is a useful tool to predict the system behavior and for performance evaluation of a rotor bearing system.


This study adds momentum to the ongoing discussion clarifying the merits of visualization and analysis in mathematical thinking. Our goal was to gain understanding of three calculus students' mental processes and images used to create meaning for derivative graphs. We contrast the thinking processes of these three students as they attempted to sketch antiderivative graphs when presented with derivative graphs. These students constructed different and idiosyncratic images and representations leading to different understandings of derivative graphs. Our results suggest that the two students whose cognitive preferences were strongly visual or analytic and who did not synthesize visual and analytic thinking experienced different difficulties associated with their preferred modes for mathematical representation and thinking. Even the student who did synthesize these modes to some extent, to good effect, experienced difficulty when he did not do so. We discuss pedagogical implications for these results in a final section.


The stability of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg)/micellar casein (MC) mixtures was examined on heating at pH 6.0 in increasing levels of lactose-free simulated milk ultrafiltrate (SMUF). Heated β-lg associated with MC to form stable particles (up to 771 nm in size in SMUF x 0.5). Higher levels of SMUF induced reductions in the charge on particles, resulting in greater aggregation and precipitation. Results indicated that the nonthiol-containing α s1 - and β-casein fractions showed greater interaction with β-lg on heating than the thiol-containing fractions (α s2 -casein and κ-casein). Casein proteins and their fractions have potential application in the development of heat-stable dairy-based beverages.


We report on an increase in emission intensity of up to 10 nW / microns2 that has been realized with a new novel two junction, diagonal avalanche control and minority carrier injection silicon CMOS light emitting device. The device utilizes a four terminal configuration with two shallow n+p junctions, embedded in a p substrate. One junction is kept in deep avalanche and light emitting mode, while the other junction is forward biased and minority carrier electrons are injected into the avalanching junction. The device has been realized using standard 0.35 micron CMOS design rules and fabrication technology and operates at 9V in the current range 0.1 - 3mA. The optical emission intensity is anout two orders higher than that for previous single junction n+ p light emitting junctions. The optical output is about three orders higher than the low frequency detectivity limit of silicon p-i-n detectors of comparable dimensions. The realized characteristics may enable diverse opto-electronic applications in standard CMOS silicon technology based integrated circuitry.


The lifetime of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) strongly depends onremoving H2O from the passivation atmosphere. Therefore, practical OLEDs require excellent passivation to block invading moisture and desiccant to remove moisture in a metal can or a glass cap. We observed the emitting area in OLEDs passivated by a glass cap. Dark spots in OLEDs passivated without a desiccant and grew more rapidly than those in OLEDs passivated with a desiccant. We speculated that the difference between both samples is caused not only by the imperfection of our passivation, but also occurrence of H2O from the OLED device.


We propose a hardware course component to a course such as Computer Organization and Architecture. Along with it, we present a delivery method of the course component. This hands-on component gives...


For two-dimensional (2D) lattice gas which consists of more than one sublattices, we show that microscopic interface energy cannot be determined uniquely. Accordingly, the interface tension has unavoidable ambiguity in choice of the origin (Wulff point) of the Wulff plot. On the other hand, interface stiffness, equilibrium crystal shape and interface entropy are free from the ambiguity. For anisotropic systems, it has been known that the interface tension in various "physical" formulas is replaced by the interface stiffness, which can be naturally understood from the ambiguity argument. As a demonstration, we consider a step (regarded as a 1D interface) on the (10\(\overline{1}\)0) surface of the hexagonal ZnS-type crystal, and calculate interface (step) quantities at finite temperatures. Critical curve is successfully obtained from zeros of the interface stiffness.


The Sao Paulo–Brasilia pipeline (OSBRA) is a collection of installations built to transport, store and deliver Diesel oil, gasoline and Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG), from the Refinaria do Planalto (REPLAN) to several distribution companies located in the Brazilian Midwestern region. The volumes of these fuels are usually measured before deliverance at two serial measurement points: at the OSBRA tank farm installations and at the customer tank farm installations. At the OSBRA tank farms, the volume of each delivered batch product is usually measured by turbine type custody Measurement Station, called EMED. On the other side, at the customer tank farm, the received volume is usually measured by tank gauge systems or, in a few cases, by the customer EMED. The procedure used by PETROBRAS in Brazil is to compute the differences between these measurements and to compare these differences each month with a pre-established data range. If the differences computed are lesser than that benchmark values, the measurement is considered good. Otherwise, inspections of the measurement installations must be done, looking for the causes which deviates the measurement differences out of the desired range. That pre-established data range was built over historical data and using statistical tools. In this paper it is proposed to use statistical tools to analyze the behavior of the already existing historical data differences, rather than see only the differences magnitudes. These tools can give more information about each pair of measurement system, like the existence of systematic errors, the variability of each individual system and even if an observed difference greater than the pre-established data has real significance. These tools can be used to analyze other measurement system, like to verify the accuracy of operational measurement devices and to check if the mass conservation among the entries and withdraws of a system is being achieved. Furthermore, a real data analyze between two tank-farms is presented.Copyright © 2010 by ASME


The First American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Scientific Forum on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research in Cardiovascular Disease and Stroke was held from May 24 to May 26, 1999, in San Diego, Calif. In this report, the Heart Failure Working Group examines efforts to assess care for patients with heart failure (HF) and makes recommendations about quality measures. The working group includes healthcare professionals (cardiologists, general internists, and nurses) from academia. Representatives of governmental agencies, industry, and healthcare systems also have input. The group has expertise in the treatment of HF and/or quality improvement. Several panel members have participated in writing guidelines for management of HF, and several were involved in the 1994 effort by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research (AHCPR) to develop guidelines for management of patients with HF and left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction.

In its effort to develop recommendations for evaluating quality of care, the working group reviewed the literature and evaluated ongoing national efforts in this area. These efforts and specific issues related to measuring structure, process, and outcome of care are reviewed here. This report is intended to provide information for future efforts by national or local organizations to develop quality measures, define research priorities for funding agencies by indicating gaps in current knowledge, and summarize current issues in this field for persons interested in improving the care and outcomes of patients with HF.

There is no universally accepted definition of heart failure. HF is a clinical syndrome manifested by characteristic symptoms and signs, none of which are specific, caused by an abnormality(ies) of ventricular function resulting in the inability of the heart to deliver adequate cardiac output at normal filling pressures at rest or during exercise. As the syndrome progresses, a variety of hemodynamic, renal, hormonal, neural, and cellular …


Objectives: To compare the efcacy of oral Vs vaginal misoprostol tablets for the induction of labor in
term pregnancies. In the present study a total of 201 women at term pregnancy with indicationMethods:
for induction of labour, admitted in AN- Ward and ELR in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gauhati Medical
College and Hospital over a period of one year were included in the study. The mean age for both the groups 23±3Results:
years. Mean gestational age was 39weeks 4days for oral group and 39weeks 3days for the vaginal group. Hypertensive
disorders of pregnancy (35.82%) constituted the largest group of indication for induction of labour followed by postdatism
(26.37%). There was signicant difference in the 2 groups when indication for which induction was given was considered.. 84%
of women in oral group and 66.34% of women in vaginal group delivered vaginally. The mean induction to delivery time in oral
group was 14±6 hours and in the vaginal group was 17±6hours with a p value of 0.013 which was statistically signicant. The
mean number of doses in both groups was similar (3 with a SD of 1) with a p value of 0.467. There was signicant difference in
the incidence of caesarean sections between the two groups (4% in oral and 21.78% in vaginal group). The incidence of failed
induction was 4% in oral and 21.78% in vaginal group which was statistically signicant. Failed induction (54.54%) constituted
the most common indication for LSCS (16.67% in oral and 62.9% in vaginal group) followed by foetal distress (32.12%)
(83.33%in oral and 32.32% in vaginal group). It was concluded that oral route of administration of misoprostol wasConclusion:
equally as efcacious as vaginal route.


The aim of this paper is to demonstrate the feasibility of Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) in solving complex control design and tuning problems of fuzzy control systems (FCSs) with a reduced parametric sensitivity. The sensitivity analysis of these FCSs implies the use of sensitivity models defined with respect to the parametric variations of the processes. The main goal is solving the optimization problems defined for servo system processes controlled by Takagi-Sugeno-Kang proportional-integral fuzzy controllers (TSK PI-FCs), through minimization of objective functions that include the output sensitivity functions. A design method is proposed in this regard, and it is validated through experimental results using a laboratory nonlinear servo system.


the rulers of the central Congolese state and (occasionally) with foreign invaders. This description is nuanced because this relationship is so complicated; the local "authorities" essentially negotiate a form of local sovereign rights for themselves and local traders that acknowledges central state authority, but never entirely submits to it. When necessary, they resist and sometimes successfully defy that central authority. For their part, Congo's rulers in Kinshasa realize both that they lack sufficient control over their own representatives to extend real sovereignty in the region, but also that they can benefit from a favorable arrangement with these local authorities. It is easier to understand Raeymakers' argument by reference to some of the views that he argues against. He distinguishes his point of view from all of the following: the notion that local traders and security enforcers are acting in the absence of any central state presence at all; the idea that they are acting consistently in opposition to the central state, rather than in negotiation with it; and the proposition that rampaging local warlords are exploiting local inhabitants in an environment of chaos, unmediated by recognized rules of politico-economic conduct. Aside from the inherent complexity of his argument, Raeymaekers' use of some vague post-structuralist language and his deployment of many avant-garde terms from social geography will obscure his argument for some political scientists. From the interdisciplinary perspective of this reviewer, however, it is well worth the effort of struggling with this language to benefit from the vivid and nuanced portrait that Raeymaekers paints of Nande culture and the unusual political economy that it has produced. Following his introduction laying out the argument, Raeymakers turns to a description of the contemporary political economy in the Congolese town of Kasindi. The major economic activity is commercial trade across the Lubiriha River, which marks the Congolese-Ugandan border. The "constriction" of the trading space represented by the border creates economic opportunities for both the Nande traders and officials on both sides of the border. Congolese agriculturalists produce foodstuffs and charcoal to be traded for processed foodstuffs and light manufactures coming from Uganda. The Nande "capitalists" controlling this trade benefit handsomely, though unpredictably, while state authorities on both sides of the border extort a portion of the profits for private benefit. Those who do the yeoman's work of the trade are displaced and dispossessed of their land, barely surviving under the harsh system. Chapter 2 traces the historical origins of the Nande entrepreneurial culture that animates this contemporary trade. Raeymaekers finds the origins of Nande "capitalist" culture first in the encounter with American Protestant (Baptist) missions, who preached self-reliance and hard work, along with Christian gospel. Second, the headquartering of a Belgian mining operation at Butembo in 1923 created a cash economy in which Nande economic culture could gain traction. The demarcation of the colonial border between Congo and Uganda, and later the advance of the first Congolese civil war (1960–1964) into North Kivu, further defined Nande trading culture as one that could negotiate virtual state absence, a violent political environment, and the economic opportunities of a nearby international frontier. Chapter 3 continues the story of evolving Nande entrepreneurial culture through the period of rule by Mobutu Sese Seko, during which time the Zairian state engaged in periodic predation, but little regulation. In this environment, local Nande businessmen consolidated their role as local "political regulators" as they extended their capitalist activities into light manufacturing and extra-continent trade with Asia. The subsequent chapter describes how Nande businessmen "re-produced" political order after the fall of Mobutu and through the official period of war in Congo (1997–2003). Although the Zairian state collapsed, Nande business elites nimbly maintained the politico-economic order of North Kivu to their relative economic advantage during this era of putative chaos. The fifth chapter describes how the Nande politico-economic elite responded to the nominal restoration of legitimate rule in Congo between 2003 and 2013. In this period, they had to reckon with the reappearance of both international (United Nations) and Congolese state authorities on the scene, and cede some political control in the renegotiation of power; on the other hand, internal Congolese markets to the west were opened to them, while their international operations gained a new legitimacy. Always, their entrepreneurial culture was flexible enough to adapt to the opportunities of "liminality" as the power of external authority waxed stronger again. In sum, Raeymaekers provides a powerful corrective to the pervasive view that the economy of Eastern Congo has been controlled by "blunt adventurists and warlords acting for pure selfish gain" (p. 142). He convincingly shows that Nande entrepreneurs have created and sustained a local political order in North Kivu beginning with the decay of Belgian colonialism, and continuing through subsequent periods of state predation, state collapse, war and invasion, and the return of "legitimate" authority. His study also shows how invaluable an ethnography of a key people's political economy can be to our understanding of politics in weak and collapsed African states.


This paper is concerned with the interaction between nanoparticles in buoyancy-driven flow. The nanoparticles suspended in a base liquid are driven to stochastic motion by rapidly fluctuating forces, this phenomenon is termed as 'thermal dispersion' resulting from the dissociation of the ambient solvent molecules taking place within the mixture. Such thermal dispersion is esteemed to play an aggressive role in the increase of energy exchange rates in the fluid. Under the influence of these forces, the suspended nanoparticles may experience interparticle collision and attachment of the colliding particles and form aggregates. The theme of the present work is to understand the thermal transport phenomena of buoyancy-driven nanoparticles as well as to analyze the enhancement mechanism of energy transport from the nanoparticles. By considering physical properties of both the base fluid and the nanoparticles, as well as the structure of the nanoparticles and aggregates, a mathematical model has been developed to predict the axial velocity and temperature of both the fluid and the nanoparticle arbitrarily moving inside the system. The model proposed is a two-equation model, one for the fluid and the other for the nanoparticles, which are later combined together to form a non-homogeneous equation in x- and y-direction respectively. The solutions to these equations are presented in this work.© 2006 ASME


Evaluating performance of participants in simulation games and experiential exercises is an ubiquitous need. A milieu of criteria may be employed, some of them, e.g., earnings, by nature being metric measures, others of them being more qualitative originally, e.g., evaluation of written plans or evaluation of role plays, and requiring assignment of metric scores by the instructor. This paper describes an alternative approach requiring original performance measures at an ordinal level, actually reducing the data scale level of inherently metric measures or making for less demanding evaluations by instructors.


Myofibrillar proteins, present in muscle fibres of skeletal muscles are potential indicators of muscle metabolism in live animals, and postmortem metabolism in slaughtered animals, and are considered as apt selection parameters to improve meat quality. These myofibrilllar proteins have not been well characterized in goats unlike other meat animals and chicken. The present study depicts various isoforms of four major myofibrillar proteins, viz., myosin, actin, tropomyosin, and troponins in four Indian goat breeds, viz., Barbari, Jamunapari, Sirohi, and Marwari. The study was carried out on 143 meat samples obtained from the thigh and breast muscles (Rectus femoris, Vastus medialis, Pectoralis major, and Pectoralis minor) of the breeds, and were analysed by SDS-PAGE. The study revealed two isoforms of myosin heavy chain (MHC) designated as MHC type-I (208 kDa) and MHC type-II (192 kDa), and three fast migrating myosin light chains (MLC) designated as MLC-I (26.31 kDa), MLC-2 (17.26 kDa), and MLC-3 (14.92 kDa). The SDS-PAGE pattern showed one isoform of actin (44.78 kDa), two isoforms of tropomyosin, viz., alpha-Tropomyosin (35.66 kDa) and betatropomyosin (38.56 kDa), and three isoforms of troponin, viz., Tn-T (30.96 kDa), Tn-I (22.01 kDa), and Tn-C (16.18 kDa). There was no significant (P0.05) difference in the frequency of occurrence of myosin isoforms between the breeds indicating that the eating quality of meat of all these breeds was alike, with no-exception of Jamunapari, which is professed to be the finest dairy goat in India, which in fact could also produce good quality meat, besides hefty amount of milk. It is inferred that this study has explored the electrophoretic pattern exhibited by major myofibrillar proteins and their isoforms in Indian goat breeds, which was not probed earlier.


The air-lift pumping system is one of the promising method for subsea mineral lifting. It is significant to figure out the relation between water flux and injected air volume or submergence ratio. In this paper, the authors conducted the experiment to obtain basic data for vertical air-lift pumping. As the results of the experiment, the water flux increased with increasing the submergence ratio. Then the water flux increased with increasing the injected air volume up to a value. In addition, the authors calculated the solid flux using large internal diameter of pipe. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental ones.


Linear Mixed Effect (LME) models are applied to the CoastColour atmospherically-corrected Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MERIS) reflectance, L2R full resolution product, to derive chlorophyll-a (chl-a) concentration and Secchi disk depth (SDD) in Lake Erie, which is considered as a Case II water (i.e., turbid and productive). A LME model considers the correlation that exists in the field measurements which have been performed repeatedly in space and time. In this study, models are developed based on the relation between the logarithmic scale of the water quality parameters and band ratios: B07:665 nm to B09:708.75 nm for log10chl-a and B06:620 nm to B04:510 nm for log10SDD. Cross validation is performed on the models. The results show good performance of the models, with Root Mean Square Errors (RMSE) and Mean Bias Errors (MBE) of 0.31 and 0.018 for log10chl-a, and 0.19 and 0.006 for log10SDD, respectively. The models are then applied to a time series of MERIS images acquired over Lake Erie from 2004–2012 to investigate the spatial and temporal variations of the water quality parameters. Produced maps reveal distinct monthly patterns for different regions of Lake Erie that are in agreement with known biogeochemical properties of the lake. The Detroit River and Maumee River carry sediments and nutrients to the shallow western basin. Hence, the shallow western basin of Lake Erie experiences the most intense algal blooms and the highest turbidity compared to the other sections of the lake. Maumee Bay, Sandusky Bay, Rondeau Bay and Long Point Bay are estimated to have prolonged intense algal bloom.


This note is an answer to the consultation published by ISDA in May 2019 regarding the amendment of documentation to implement fallbacks for certain key IBORs.


This article builds on the scant literature regarding antecedents and consequences of employee thriving, a positive psychological state characterized by the joint experience of vitality and learning. Guided by conservation of resource (COR) theory and the social embeddedness perspective, we predict that the social-network centrality of employees helps them buffer against the negative effects of abusive supervision. Via a pilot study, a field study, and two scenario-based experiments, we find patterns supporting our hypotheses. Specifically, employees' perception of abusive supervision is negatively associated with their level of thriving and, thereby also, with their performance-related outcomes such as task performance, organizational citizenship behavior (OCB), and creativity. However, abusive supervision's negative association with employees' thriving weakens when employees are more central in their advice and friendship networks. Our research adds to the sparse but growing literature on thriving, and supplements the mostly reactive- and/or dyadic-oriented strategies previously identified as ways to cope with abusive supervisors. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.


Dear Editor, Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis (APD) is a rare periodic premenstrual reaction to progesterone with variable clinical manifestations, such as erythema multiforme, eczema, fixed drug eruption, urticaria, angioedema and anaphylaxis. Although detailed pathological mechanisms remain unknown, allergic reactions to endogenous progesterone has been thought to be involved. Here, we present a case of APD that developed initially as anaphylaxis, and then turned to a fixed drug eruption-like erythematous skin lesion after an i.d. challenge test with progesterone. A 21-year-old woman had experienced a recurrent history of monthly systemic urticarial eruptions and dyspnea for 7 months. The symptoms occurred as urticarial rash with pruritus all over the body at the beginning of the menstrual period, and were occasionally associated with severe respiratory distress. She had been treated with systemic administration of steroid in an emergency department. We suspected a diagnosis of APD, and performed a challenge test with progesterone (Progehormon; Mochida, Tokyo, Japan) after the informed consent was obtained from the patient. A total 20 lL of progesterone (10 lg/lL) was injected i.d. on the left forearm for the challenge test. Within 1 min of the injection, pruritus was induced at the challenged skin area, followed by erythema and swelling (Fig. 1a), which disappeared the next day. We diagnosed her as having APD. After the challenge test, she did not develop any urticarial eruption or respiratory distress at the beginning of the menstrual period. Instead, she began to develop severe edematous erythema with pruritus at the left forearm where the progesterone challenge test was performed (Fig. 1b). She was treated with topical administration of steroid ointment, and the eruption regressed with pigmentation a few days later (Fig. 1c). Since then, the fixed drug eruption-like erythema without anaphylaxis appeared on the same site of her left forearm at the beginning of each menstrual period. We performed follow up for 6 months after the challenge test, and the skin eruption was controlled well with the topical treatment of steroid in the meantime. Skin immune responses are dynamic. It has been suggested that both T-helper (Th)1and Th2-polarized immune responses to endogenous progesterone are involved in the pathogenesis of APD. Immunoglobulin E antibodies to progesterone were detected in some cases of APD with anaphylaxis, while progesterone-specific Th1 or cytotoxic T cells were detected in other APD patients with erythema multiforme-like lesions. In our case, the patient first developed APD with urticarial rash and severe respiratory distress, which developed into fixed drug eruption-like erythema after an i.d. challenge test. It remains unclear whether a shift of immune responses (e.g. from Th2 to Th1) occurred in the current case, because we cannot provide evidence to support the hypothesis by histological or experimental findings. However, the drastic change from APD symptoms to fixed drug eruption-like erythema after i.d. challenge test suggests that the type of immune response might have been influenced by the test.


This paper studies the effect of both economic and demographic factors on the international restaurant franchising (IRF). The study utilizes regression analysis of pooled cross-section (6 countries) and time series (10 years)data. It is found that among the economic factors, the market size has a strong positive effect on IRF. On the other hand, the ratio of female workers to the total labor force is positively related to international restaurant franchising. The paper also investigates the relationship between demo-economic factors and IRF for two subsets of interest, developed and developing countries.


A thorough study and analysis on the conceptual foundations of unimodular gravity shows that this theory is essentially general relativity disguised as unimodular relativity in the literature. The main reason for this dilemma is accepting the Einsteinian paradigm: general relativistic framework, covariant divergence law for matter energy-momentum tensor, and cosmological constant as an integration constant, but introducing the artefact of unimodular description absent in Einstein's work. A new approach is proposed in this paper in which pure unimodular relativity is defined in terms of equi-projective geodesics with the fundamental metric tensor having determinant unity and the geometric tensors constructed from them. Modification of covariant divergence law for the matter energy-momentum tensor is shown to have two new consequences. In the conventional unimodular gravity an effective cosmological term comprising of two variable scalar fields, namely, the unimodular geometric ambiguity and unimodular matter energy ambiguity, is proposed. A radical departure on the cosmological constant problem is possible assuming differing evolution of the two scalars: the Einstein equations emerge when the two ambiguities cancel each other. Secondly, in the case of pure unimodular relativity the gravitational field equations are proposed consistent with the unimodular space-time structure.


With the progress of the Internet era, the audience scope of online short-form video and live broadcast platform is rapidly expanding. In this situation, the physical and mental health of minors is affected and harmed, and serious social problems have been caused. In view of the random images of minors participating in short online videos, the monitoring department should strengthen supervision and control and establish a good network atmosphere. The focus of surveillance is to identify short-form videos in which minors participate, monitor the content of short-form videos, and effectively identify minors. On the basis of analyzing and studying the existing methods of moving object extraction, the method of spatio-temporal information combined with geometric curve evolution is used to improve the effect of moving object extraction. Firstly, the time dynamic information of video frames is fully utilized and the initial contour of the target is segmented by high-order statistical algorithm. Based on the improved watershed algorithm, the spatial frames of the original image are segmented and the secondary contour of the target is obtained by combining the spatial and temporal information. The level set evolution algorithm is used to remove the noise and information void in the secondary target, and the final moving target is obtained. Through the extraction of key frames, it can effectively control the appearance of minors in short-form videos, which can actively guide the benign development of the platform, and put forward governance suggestions based on the perspective of government management.


The effects of sulfuric acid concentration,reaction temperature,potential-scanning rate and surfactants on electrochemical behavior of V5+ ion on platinum electrodes were investigated.In voltammetric curves of V5+ ion there are two reduction peaks corresponding to reductions of V5+ to V4+(R2)and V5+ to V3+(R1),which are irreversible and quasi-reversible processes respectively.Oxidation peak of V3+ to V5+ is intensively affected by pH values on the electrode surface and scanning-potential rates.Only stronger acidity on the electrode surface and faster scanning-potential rates can lead to appearance of this oxidation peak.The neutral surfactant(PCBE)and cationic surfactant(CTAB)retard the V5+ electroreduction.The anionic surfactant(SDS),even at a very low concentration,increases the currents of both the reduction peaks R1 and R2,and the oxidation peak involves with the oxidation of H2 to H+.


We created nine statistical models to examine fire incident, suppression spending, and county-level labor market data for the 346 wildfires that cost the Forest Service more than $1 million in total suppression spending from 2004-2008. For the model that includes local suppression spending, we used a sample of 135 large fires with each transaction coded to the receiving vendor's county. We analyzed how local labor market impacts varied by the economic specialization of a county, total amount of suppression spending, and amount spent locally.


It was revealed that the formation of the phase composition of the bone regenerate mineral in conditions of streptozotocin-induced diabetes became slower. The expressiveness of the deviations depended on the age of experimental animals.


Abstract This paper aims to assess the feasibility of largeeddy simulation LES as applied to a real engine configuration. Two cases of LES were performed together with a reference Reynoldsaveraged NavierStokes RANS simulation to study their performances in the prediction of the fuel injection and mixing in a highspeed directinjection diesel engine. In addition, sensitivity of the LES results with respect to mesh resolution was investigated, as LES requires a higher mesh density and the filtering process depends on the mesh size. The LES meant that detailed information could be obtained on the fuel spray development and turbulent flow field that was not possible to capture using the RANS modelling approach. It was found that the LES captures flow structures that have a pronounced impact on the prediction of the fuel injection and mixing. Highresolution LES predicted higher liquid and vapour penetration into the cylinder, which is in better agreement with the experimental data obtained at Delphi Diesel Systems than is the RANS prediction. It was also shown that using a finer mesh in LES yields improvements in turbulent flow field prediction, at the same time reducing contribution of the modelled part of the turbulent kinetic energy. Overall, it was proved that LES is a superior alternative to the traditional RANS approach for turbulent twophase flows encountered in diesel fuel injections where flow unsteadiness is prominent. Improved predictions obtained from an advanced LES can subsequently enhance the understanding of the fuel injection process and assist the engine experimentation and design.


Background: The research was based on the high incidence in Indonesia of diabetic retinopathy, reaching 42.6%, and glaucoma, at 0.46%. These conditions cause low vision and even blindness and difficulties in managing daily activities.Aims: The purpose of the research was to identify the relationship between low vision (LV) in diabetic retinopathy (DR) and glaucoma patients and Activities of Daily Living, based on two classifications: ADL (basic Activities of Daily Living) and IADL (Instrumental Activities of Daily Living).Settings and Design: The design of the study was cross-sectional.Methods and Material: The study is involving 86 respondents through probability random sampling techniques. The respondents consist of 58 DR patients and 28 glaucoma patients. The ADL was measured using the Barthel Index and the IADL was measured using the Lawton IADL Scale. The data were collected through in-person interviews using a questionnaire instrument.Statistical analysis used: The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis, Spearman rank correlation, and Pearson correlation.Results: The results showed that the characteristics of respondents were mostly severe LV, aged 41-60 years, female, housewife, history of diabetes>10 years, history of DR or glaucoma for 1 to 5 years, with mostly independent ADL and IADL. The result of the Pearson correlation test and Spearman rank shows there is a significant relationship between LV and IADL in DR patients (p= 0.000).Conclusion: The significant relationship was only found between LV and IADL in DR patients. Meanwhile, there is no significant relationship between LV and ADL-IADL in DR or glaucoma patients. The assessment of LV patients should addIADL so that the caregiver can determine the right nursing plan according to the level of independence of LV patients as the implementation of nursing care for LV patients.


Diagnostic plots of production decline of wells producing from unconventional reservoirs provide a particularly interesting field of study, given the fast-growing unconventional completion methods in the United States. In this paper, we present a method for analyzing fracture quality in horizontal wells with multiple stages of fracturing draining unconventional reservoirs. Our method, which explains a plausible cause for reduced production and rapid production decline, includes a log-log plot of the inverse production rate change vs. time. This diagnostic plot was used to analyze forty oil-producing wells drilled in the Bakken formation and ten gas wells producing from the Marcellus formation. From these graphs, we first observed that regardless of the number of fracturing stages, a plot of a system of fractures behaves as one equivalent fracture. Second, we noted that in some cases; a bilinear flow is observed, indicating strong support of the induced fractures by the formation. This is followed by a linear flow period. Furthermore, the duration of fracture linear flow indicates the quality of the induced fracture system in the formation. Crossflow among the induced fractures is noted. This can explain the deterioration of well productivity. A summary of these observations and the appropriate explanation behind this analysis method is presented. This diagnostic method used can help in monitoring causes of low production quality and low recovery factor from individual wells and in seeking solutions.


This study uses historical and geographical inquiry to examine postbellum agrarian social, political and economic unrest that in 1868 led to the formation o f the first national, secret and ritualistic, firatemal agricultural society known as the Grange. The Grange was created to unite farmers through cooperative buying and selling, to promote agricultural education, and to create a social organization that encouraged both women and men to acquire and refine leadership skills. It also sought to address concerns over monopolies and promoted state regulation of railroad rates. Although Grange membership peaked in 1875 and sharply declined through 1880, it forged the way for more radical rural organizations and reform movements such as the Farmers' Alliance (1880s) and The Populist Party (1890s). The dissertation focuses on the socioeconomic composition and geographic distribution of Grange charter members within the states of Minnesota and Louisiana during the society's initial period of organization and growth (1870-1880). Data were compiled and analyzed on Minnesota and Louisiana Subordinate Grange chapter locations, their diffusion, and certam economic attributes o f charter members. Statistical tests highlighted the differences between non-Grange farmers and Grangers within and between the two states. Grangers in both states benefitted firom "networking". At monthly Grange meetings, educational lectures on the best methods and practices of farming, home keeping skills or economics were given and agricultural subjects were discussed. These meetings also provided the members with a sense o f fraternity and community.


: Background: Luseogliflozin (SGLT2i) was originally developed as an anti-diabetic (DM) medicine. SGLT2i has several other effects such as anti-atherosclerotic, anti-NAFLD (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), and decreases heart failure in-cidence through vascular function. This study aimed to investigate the effects of luseogliflozin on liver function, brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and vascular function in DM patients with suspected NAFLD and coronary artery disease (CAD). Methods: Out of 201 patients prescribed SGLT2, 51 patients with poorly controlled diabetes (31 men, HbA1c > 6.5%; 78 ±8 years old) as well as suspected NAFLD and CAD treated with luseogliflozin at 2.5 mg daily for 12 months and measured following clinical tests were selected. Blood serum indices of liver function (serum aspartate aminotransferase [AST], serum alanine aminotransferase [ALT], γ -glutamyl transpeptidase [ γ -GTP]), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and HbA1c were measured before and every 6 months until 12 months after commencing luseogliflozin treatment. BaPVW was recorded before treatment and 12 months after starting treatment. Results: Luseogliflozin decreased body weight (BW) from 64±10 kg by 8% after 12 months of treatment, whereas no changes in heart rate and blood pressure were observed. In addition, luseogliflozin improved AST, ALT, and γ -GTP as well as FBS and HbA1c. At 6 months, luseogliflozin significantly decreased BW by 6%, and improved γ -GTP (36±35 vs. 28±19 U/L, P < 0.05), HbA1 (7.3±0.8 vs. 6.8±0.8%, P < 0.05), BNP (108±60 vs. 65±37 pg/mL, P < 0.05), and baPWV (1,810±311 vs. 1,662±233 cm/s, P < 0.05). Conclusion: Results suggest that luseogliflozin has salutary effects on anti-NAFLD, BNP, and baPWV even if some fluctuating diabetic controls exit. This might indicate possible anecdotal ameliorating effects of prognosis in diabetics with CAD by luseogliflozin.


reader's review of the situation in a district general hospital where consultants were now available as residents at night. However, the practice of rotational deliveries we reported does not seem to be unusual in the UK, with a number of other large units adopting similar practices (pers. comm.: Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh; St Mary's Hospital, Manchester; and Birmingham Women's Hospital). The increased direct presence of senior consultants, with all UK trainees in the obstetrics training programme rotating to busy tertiary centres and less busy district general hospitals, will allow most future obstetricians to gain the necessary skills in advanced rotational deliveries. Noticeably, other methods with no explicit description on how to perform them, or data on their safety or efficacy, such as manual rotation, are routinely being employed and championed by some obstetricians: they even regard manual rotation to be a safer alternative to the classical rotational methods, even in inexperienced hands. We argue that advanced Obstetrics training should include opportunities for the trainees to achieve training in all methods of delivery, including Kielland forceps. As the Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists (RCOG) recommend increasing the presence of consultants in the labour ward and reducing caesarean delivery rates in the UK, high-quality, regulated training and the performance of assisted rotational vaginal deliveries should be a goal in planning future obstetrics services. Guidelines should be in place for performing, training, anddocumenting these deliveries that require the highest level of skills in acute obstetrics practice.&


PURPOSE: An electronic photonic integrated circuit board and a manufacturing method thereof are provided to easily form an MEMS(Micro-Electromechanical System) by not forming a buried oxide layer in an MEMS region. CONSTITUTION: An electronic photonic integrated circuit board(100) includes a photonic device region(R1), an electronic device region(R2), and an MEMS region(R3). A first silicon epitaxial layer(122) is formed on the photonic device region with a first thickness(T1) from the surface of a substrate. A first silicon buried oxide layer(124) is formed on the lower side of the first silicon epitaxial layer with a second thickness(T2) in a first depth(Z1). A second silicon epitaxial layer(132) is formed in the electronic device region with a third thickness(T3) from the surface of the substrate. A second silicon buried oxide layer(134) is formed on the lower side of the second silicon epitaxial layer with a fourth thickness(T4) in a second depth(Z2).


Space Interferometry Mission (SIM) will be used to obtain proper motions for a sample of 27 galaxies; the first proper motion measurements of galaxies beyond the satellite system of the Milky Way. SIM measurements lead to knowledge of the full 6-dimensional position and velocity vector of each galaxy. In conjunction with new gravitational flow models, the result will be the first total mass measurements of individual galaxies. The project, includes developnient of powerful theoretical methods for orbital calculations. This SIM study will lead to vastly improved determinations of individual galaxy masses, halo sizes, and the fractional contribution of dark matter. Astronomers have struggled to calculate the orbits of galaxies with only position and redshift information. Traditional N-body techniques are unsuitable for an analysis backward in time from a present distribution if any components of velocity or position are not very precisely known.


The idea of law and economics is of long standing in the west.Researches on law and economics have been carried out from the perspective of not only law but also economics.The researches in different perspectives have developed the realm of law and economics.


This work highlights the role of otolithic morphometrics, shape indices and ultrastructure in the identification of three Mullidae species from the Red Sea. Differences in otolithic measurements were detectable in all three goatfish species. The statistical analysis of otolithic morphometric parameters showed that otolithic measurements are good indicators of fish size. The mean values of the six examined shape indices of the otholiths were considerably different among the three species, and the high degree of differentiation of these indices among species makes them useful for other researchers who wish to use otoliths in fish identification and classification. Remarkable variations in the morphological characteristics of fish otoliths were recorded among the studied species via scanning electron microscopy, including variations in the ornamentation of the ostium, cauda, and column of the otolith. These differences in otolithic characteristics and morphology might be useful for fisheries, biologists, archaeologists and geologists in discriminating Mulloidichthys flavolineatus, Mulloidichthys vanicolensis, and Parupeneus forsskali. This work contributes to the bioecological knowledge regarding commercially important fishes and provides key information for studying the trophic ecology of fish-eating species and fishery management.


Implementing linear algebra kernels on distributed memory parallel computers raises the problem of data distribution of matrices and vectors among the processors Block cyclic distribution seems to suit well for most algorithms But one has to choose a good compromise for the size of the blocks to achieve a good e ciency and a good load balancing This choice heavily depends on each operation so it is essential to be able to go from one distribution to another very quickly We present here the algorithms we implemented in the ScaLAPACK library A complexity study is then made that proves the e ciency of our solution Timing results on a network of SUN workstations and the Cray T D using PVM corroborates the results


In order to constrain the nebular density distribu- tion and velocity field, we model nebular lines profiles ob- tained at very high spectral resolution. The method and com- puter code applied to 2-3 nebular lines were described in ear- lier publications. In the present work we analyse 4-11 spectral lines observed simultaneously with the spectrometer ELODIE (R=42 000) for 8 planetary nebulae. For five analyzed nebulae with a (WC)-type nucleus, we found highly broadened profiles implying possible turbulent motions.


combined with the revolutions in communications, data processing, and technology, it imposes alien patterns of consumption and living on the Arabs, and represents a mortal danger to their culture. The socialist bloc is regarded as a possible ally. With Iran, Turkey, and Ethiopia there are important material causes of conflict, which may nevertheless be subject to negotiation, but the only possible outcome with respect to Israel is either continued conflict or the absorption of Israel into a democratic Palestine. Improving the Arab military position—armed forces and weapons, including nuclear arms—the authors regard as a major desideratum. The authors are cautiously optimistic. Despite conditions today, which are the worst the Arabs have suffered since independence, Arab conditions for change have not been eliminated and they should improve. Most notably, the middle class, which led the Arab awakening in the 19th century in its successful fight against colonial rule, and the progressive regimes of the 1950s and early 1960s is still vital and in a position to lead and influence popular opinion. The economic surveys and forecasts are based on studies and statistics, both published and unpublished, produced by both Arab and international organizations and institutions. The book is a major collection of important data. It is also an expression of the opinions held by a very important element in Arab society. About fifty Arab researchers and scholars helped formulate the methodology and general framework, sixteen Arab scholars and politicians contributed, and thirty-five Arab scholars completed a questionnaire on the future in the light of the various scenarios. Altogether about two hundred scholars, researchers, and assistants took part in the endeavor. Such an impressive sample of Arab opinion is probably unique.


1. Compound NSC-670224, previously shown to be toxic to Saccharomyces cerevisiae at low micromolar concentrations, potentially acts via a mechanism of action related to that of tamoxifen (NSC 180973), a widely utilized breast cancer drug. The structure of NSC-670224, previously thought to be a 2,4-dichloro arene, was established as the 3,4-dichloro arene, and a focused library of analogues were synthesized and biologically evaluated in conjunction with the UCSC Chemical Screening Center. The synthesis of a biotinylated affinity probe was also completed in order to extract the protein target(s) of NSC-670224 from yeast and human cell lines in collaboration with the Hartzog lab (UCSC MCD Biology)2. Stabilization of ruthenium nanoparticles (Ru NPs) through carbene bound ligands has led to a simple and effective means to generate new materials with unique optoelectronic properties. The affinity of freshly prepared Ru NPs to diazo compounds, specifically octyl diazoacetate (ODA), provides a robust nanostructure that can be further functionalized via metathesis of terminal olefins to generate these unique materials. Carbene-stabilized Ru NPs have provided insights into the nature of extended conjugation and intraparticle charge delocalization through covalently bound probes (e.g., ferrocene and pyrene). The growing interest to study electronic communication through Ru NPs has lead to collaborative, multidisciplinary efforts between analytical (Shaowei Chen lab, UCSC), theoretical (Haobin Wang Lab, NMSU), and synthetic organic chemists (Konopelski Lab, UCSC). With this powerful collaboration, new methods to generate stabilized Ru NPs, testing theory with experiment, and efficient means to functionalize NPs have been investigated. The syntheses of custom ligands and their applications to nanoparticle-mediated electronic communication are reported.


The effect of vibratory mill induced mechanical activation on the change of the particle size, crystallinity and the phase transformations of the minerals present in the activated material, was studied with the purpose of decreasing of the sintering temperature of talc (Mg3Si4O10(OH)2) as raw material which is the basic component of the steatite ceramics. The aims of the conducted investigation were, also, increasing of the reactivity of the comminuted raw material and establishing of the optimal activation period. The properties of the activated talc induced by mechanical force were expressed in form of the grain inertia change which was measured by means of automatic grain counter. Mechanically activated grains are the most convenient mineral form for physical concentration since the energy change of the mill-material system is recorded on them. The effect of dry grinding on the structure, particle size and shape of talc was studied by means of XRD, DTA and SEM/EDS methods. Activation of talc produced an increase of the starting surface area value progressively from 4.5 m 2 /g up to a maximum of 108.5 m 2 /g achieved at 30 min. A subsequent decrease of rate of surface area change and the rate of size reduction were observed following the prolonged grinding. Talc activated in vibratory mill for optimal 30 min showed properties which positively influence the decrease of sintering temperature and the increase of the sintering rate of steatite ceramics.


Several independent experimental techniques, including nondenaturing and denaturing isoelectric focusing, spin labeling, and enzyme immobilization, indicate that four ethanol‐active subunits of horse liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) can be classified as one of two types, designated E1 and E2. Thermal inactivation studies of LADH in solution and immobilized to two different supports demonstrate that the first‐order rate constants of deactivation of E1 and E2 differ by more than an order of magnitude. Furthermore, E1, and E 2 can be distinguished by EPR spectroscopy, with the less stable subunit type, E2, appearing to have the less compactly structured active‐site environment. The less stable enzyme form also loses catalytic activity upon covalent attachment to CNBr‐Sepharose but remains active when adsorbed to Octyl‐Sepharose. Moreover, the immobilization results in conjunction with lysine modification studies suggest that E2 immobilized to CNBr‐Sepharose cannot bind coenyzme. Overall, these results illustrate how EPR measurements in concert with activity assays can pro vide insights into the molecular mechanisms of enzyme stabilization.


This paper investigates the existence and properties of a Bernstein-Sato functional equation in nonregular settings. In particular, we construct $D$-modules in which such formal equations can be studied. The existence of the Bernstein-Sato polynomial for a direct summand of a polynomial over a field is proved in this context. It is observed that this polynomial can have zero as a root, or even positive roots. Moreover, a theory of $V$-filtrations is introduced for nonregular rings, and the existence of these objects is established for what we call differentially extensible summands. This family of rings includes toric, determinantal, and other invariant rings. This new theory is applied to the study of multiplier ideals of singular varieties. Finally, we extend known relations among the objects of interest in the smooth case to the setting of singular direct summands of polynomial rings.


Mobile station which is adapted for processing signals from at least two different radio standards, - wherein a first wireless standard, a 2G-radio standard, in particular a 2.5G wireless standard, especially the GSM / EDGE / GPRS radio standard, and a second radio standard is a 3G radio standard, in particular the TD-SCDMA radio standard is characterized, in that - in a first modem subsystem (ZSS), which is designed for the first radio standard, first components are summarized, in which a digital signal processor (DSP2), a channel encoding unit (KE) and a channel decoding unit (DE) are contained . - in a second modem subsystem, which is designed for the second radio standard, second components are combined, in which a digital signal processor (DSP3) is included, and - the first (ZSS), and the second modem subsystem are interconnected by a data line and the second modem subsystem is adapted to be encoded or to be decoded data on the data line to the first modem subsystem (ZSS) to be transmitted.