Systems composed of distinct complex networks are present in many real-world environments, from society to ecological systems. In the present paper, we propose a network model obtained as a consequence of interactions between two species (e.g. predator and prey). Fields are produced and sensed by the individuals, defining spatio-temporal patterns which are strongly affected by the attraction intensity between individuals from the same species. The dynamical evolution of the system, including the change of individuals between different clusters, is investigated by building two complex networks having the individuals as nodes. In the first network, the edge weight is given by the Euclidean distance between every two individuals and, in the case of the second network, by the amount of time two individuals stay close one another. A third network is obtained from the two previous networks whose nodes correspond to the spatially congruent groups. The system evolves to an organized state where Gaussian and scale-free-like strength distributions emerge, respectively, in the predator and prey networks. Such a different connectivity is mainly a consequence of preys elimination. Some configurations favor the survival of preys or higher efficiency of predator activity.


A motor with an exchangeable stator is provided to save manpower and a time required for repairing the motor by simply removing only a necessary part without wholly removing the motor. A motor with an exchangeable stator includes a housing(10), a stator(20), a rotor(30), and covers(40,50). The stator is fixed and installed in the housing. The rotor is rotatably installed in the stator. The covers have bearings(42,52) axially supporting the rotor. The covers are coupled to a front part and a rear part of the housing. The housing includes a semi-cylindrical lower housing(10a) and an upper housing(10b) coupled to the lower housing. Circular projections(12) for restricting forward and rearward movement of the stator are formed in the upper and lower housings.


Designing in-vehicle telematics system is specialized for vehicle characteristics. A user interface called HMI(Human-machine interface) on in-vehicle telematics system is important not only sales but for safety and functionalities of vehicles. This paper is intended to suggest a way of designing a HMI system considering vehicle environment especially for drivers. The architecture of HMI provided in this paper is based on international standards, such as OSGi framework.


Volunteered geographic information can be seen as valuable data for various applications such as within disaster management. OpenStreetMap data, for example, are mainly contributed by remote mappers based on satellite imagery and have increasingly been implemented in response actions to various disasters. Yet, the quality often depends on the local and country-specific knowledge of the mappers, which is required for performing the mapping task. Hence, the question is raised whether there is a possibility to train remote mappers with country-specific mapping instructions in order to improve the quality of OpenStreetMap data. An experiment is conducted with Geography students to evaluate the effect of additional material that is provided in wiki format. Furthermore, a questionnaire is applied to collect participants' socio-demographic information, mapping experience and feedback about the material. This pre-study gives hints for future designs of country-specific mapping instructions as well as the experiment design itself.


The invention relates to a method for preparing a ceramic particle reinforced foamed aluminum-matrix composite material, which relates to a method for preparing a foamed aluminum-matrix composite material. The method solves the problems of high production cost and nonuniform pore distribution of the obtained foamed aluminum-matrix composite material due to a foaming agent TiH2 adopted in a conventional melt-foaming method which is expensive, needs pretreatment and has a difficultly controlled decomposition rate. The method comprises the following steps of: mixing aluminum alloy powder, ceramic particles and calcium carbonate (CaCO3) powder and placing a mixture into a graphite mould; placing the graphite mould into a vacuum hotpressing sintering furnace to prepare a prefabricated body; and performing forward extrusion, heating and foaming on the prefabricated body to obtain the ceramic particle reinforced foamed aluminum-matrix composite material. By using a powder metallurgic method and taking the CaCO3 powder as a foaming agent, the method has the advantages of low price, no pretreatment, simple process, stable decomposition rate, convenience for industrial production and uniform pore distribution of the obtained composite material which has a pore diameter of 0.5 to 2 mm, a porosity of 40 to 82 percent and a compressive yield strength of 36 to 70 MPa.


Aiming at joint effectiveness partial loss failure of space manipulator, an influence analysis method of motion capability is proposed. Firstly, the general model of joint failure is constructed; then it is introduced into the kinematic model and dynamic model of the manipulator to obtain the model of the space manipulator with joint effectiveness partial loss failure; finally, the manipulability is constructed to characterize the dexterity, and the dynamic load-carrying capacity calculation model is established to calculate the load-carrying capacity of the manipulator with joint fault. The simulation experiment is carried out to analyze the influence of joint failure characteristics (fault degree and location) on the motion capability of the space manipulator.


History, Cultural Elements, and the Value of Character Education in the Legenda Sungai Naga . The purpose of this study is to describe the history, elements of culture, and the value of character education on the Legenda Sungai Naga. Data collection through interviews, documentation, and observation. Data analysis technique used qualitative analysis of inductive model with purposive sampling technique. The results obtained that the name of the Dragon River taken based on the history of Gerdu figures that dispels the Dragon Snake that pass in the river. It found three elements of culture that is naming places, namely knowledge system, living equipment system and technology, and religious system. There are three values of character education that is the value of hard work character, religious character value, and value of environmental caring character.


In this article, the author highlights the potential role of "futurism" in master of business administration (MBA) curricula and the conceivable offerings of futurism to business planners. This article serves as a corollary to educators in MBA business education and concerns to the nature of futurism, the benefits of futurism to managerial planning, the use of futurism in industry, and the various techniques for producing long-term scenarios. In addition, the author describes the results of an exploratory study on the extent of knowledge that MBA students possess on this subject. The results of this study suggest that MBA students are not well-informed about this approach.


Purpose of the paper and relevant literature: In the very beginning of the twentieth century Simmel approaches trust from sociological aspect and points out that confidence is an intermediate between knowledge and ignorance about a man, which is a logical consequence of the view that complete knowledge or ignorance would eliminate the need for, or the possibility of trust (Simmel 1950 [German original, 1908]). Trust is one base of all kinds of cooperation and network building. Trust is especially crucial factor in the shift from discrete market transactions to continuous exchange relationships (Dwyer, Schurr and Oh 1987). This aspect can have even higher importance in case of planning of relationship specific investments. More researchers use inverse approach by introducing the different losses that lack of trust may result in business life. The aim of this paper is to investigate the elaborated effects of trust on asset specificity, replaceability and information sharing among organizations in existing business relationships. These building elements of trust belong to transaction cost theory (Coase 1994; Bradach and Eccles 1989; Granovetter 1985). Lack of trust between business partners often increases transaction costs and implies inefficiency (Kwon, Hamilton and Hong 2011). On the other hand when one assumes it obtains a trust status with its partner, it is reasonable and to some extent natural to expect an equitable sharing of benefits and risks. Thus, it tends to minimize or prevent the partner"s opportunistic behaviour which in turn precipitates lowering both ex-ante and ex-post transaction costs (Williamson 1985 and 2008; Dyer and Chu, 2003; Chickland et al. 2012). Research method: In this empirical paper I used quantitative research methods and could analysed 315 valid questionnaires what I received from organizations registered in Hungary, independently from sizes and sectors of economy. The valid questionnaires were analysed by SPSS (PASW) software using factor analysis and regressions. Research findings: In this research I find that trust is really affected by asset specificity. I make distinguish between the two sides and investigated the relationships between trust and asset specificity both from the investor"s and the recipient"s side. The empirical survey confirms this assumption and shows different results from the opposite sides. The influencing role of replaceability and information sharing seems to be weaker in this research. Contribution: The existing studies focus on relationship between trust and performance of business relationships only from the cost side of processes and not from the base that builds trust and commitment which achieves global supply chain optimization (Hong et al. 2013). Trust and commitment may become more sustainable if it is formed by foundation of such commitment (social exchange theory, e.g. Anderson and Narus, 1984), and rather than just by a pure cost concept (transaction cost theory, e.g. Coase, 1937). This study however approaches and investigates empirically trust from the aspect of transaction cost factors such as asset specificity, replaceability and information sharing. Due to lack of widely accepted definition of trust in business and determinants of it, this quantitative research may bring new thoughts to researchers or even can support earlier models as well. Investigation of trust furthermore its variables is useful for managers as well because when they are able to apply trust and its building elements efficiently, they may own a relatively stable competitive advantage.


In this work we show that the standard method to obtain nucleation rate-predictions with the aid of atomistic Monte-Carlo simulations leads to nucleation rate predictions that deviate 3− 5 orders of magnitude from the recent brute-force molecular dynamics simulations [J. Diemand, R. Angélil, K. K. Tanaka, and H. Tanaka, J. Chem. Phys. 139, 074309 (2013)] conducted in the experimental accessible supersaturation regime for Lennard-Jones argon. We argue that this is due to the truncated state space literature mostly relies on, where the number of atoms in a nucleus is considered the only relevant order parameter. We here formulate the nonequilibrium statistical mechanics of nucleation in an extended state space, where the internal energy and momentum of the nuclei is additionally incorporated. We show that the extended model explains the lack in agreement between the molecular dynamics simulations by Diemand et al. and the truncated state space. We demonstrate additional benefits of using the extended state space; in particular, the definition of a nucleus temperature arrises very naturally and can be shown without further approximation to obey the fluctuation law of McGraw and Laviolette. In addition, we illustrate that our theory conveniently allows to extend existing theories to richer sets of order parameters.


From the perspective of the cultural background and social background of consumer culture,combined with the actual cases of Marlboro cigarette packaging,it analyzed the influences and restriction of consumer culture on cigarette brand marketing and packaging design.From the point of view of the consumer psychology,it analyzed the inner meaning of who fctc and GB "cigarette",discussed the important role of consumer psychology in tobacco packaging,proposed cigarette packaging trends and appropriate response measures.


I use the Baccalaureate and Beyond and the 1997 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth, together with an estimated model of occupational choice to asses the impact of rising student debt on college graduates' earnings. Using these datasets, I document an empirical relationship between debt, occupational choice, and income. I find that graduates with an additional ten thousand dollars of debt have 1-2% lower income one year after graduation. This result is not being driven by joint determinants of income and debt, such as ability, family income, and college characteristics. Student debt is permanently scarring, as graduates with debt experience no faster income growth than their unburdened peers. Debt induces graduates to enter employment faster and select jobs in unrelated fields, leading to lower income levels and growth rates. My results are driven by a subgroup of graduates who report that debt has constrained their labor market decisions. Using the model, I demonstrate that rise in debt since 1990 has contributed to income stagnation, lowering affected graduates' income by 1.9% on average. Because it does not distort occupational choices, an income contingent repayment scheme would increase income for constrained graduates by 3.5% on average. JEL Classification: E21, I22, J24, J31, J64


Electrochemotherapy has emerged as a valuable tool in the treatment of cutaneous malignancies that are unamenable to surgical resection. Despite growing recognition and recommendation in national guidelines, to date, no Level 1 evidence exists comparing its use to radiotherapy in the management of cutaneous malignancies. A systematic review and meta-analysis will be undertaken in line with the Cochrane Handbook and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and checklist. A comprehensive search strategy will be applied to MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, CENTRAL and ClinicalTrials.gov from the time period from inception to December 2021. Supplementary searches of the grey literature will also be undertaken. Studies in humans which compare treatment with electrochemotherapy to radiotherapy and report tumour response with at least a 4-week follow-up will be eligible. Studies will be included regardless of publication language or country of origin. Screening of studies and data extraction will be undertaken independently by two authors. Our primary outcome will be tumour volume response according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors. We will also extract any secondary outcomes reported, such as patient-reported outcome measures, pain, toxicity/adverse events and progression-free survival. Included studies will be assessed for risk of bias using recognized tools. Evidence quality will be appraised using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach. If studies are of acceptable clinical homogeneity and suitable data is extracted, a meta-analysis will be performed. If adequate data are present, various subgroup analyses will be performed. Publication bias will be assessed using a funnel plot and Egger's test.
 PROSPERO CRD42021285415


The X-ray 2D detectors used in the experiments at the X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) facilities produce large data. In order to reduce its data bandwidth, a lossless data compression method with modified range coder algorithms has been proposed. The performance on compression ratio and compression and decompression speed has been evaluated. One of the proposed algorithms has been implemented onto a FPGA in order to demonstrate the feasibility.


The purpose from this research indicated diferrence of real productivity rice and diferrence of income effort of rice that using sertificate seed and non sertificate in Banyubiru. Population in this research is the farmers of rice in Banyubiru a number of 2080 farmer is used sertificate seed and 2324 farmer is used seed non sertificate. This Sample of research was taken Propotional Stratiefied Random sampling and is derived 48 respondent that used sertificate seed and 52 respondent used seed non sertificate. Variable of this research is produtivity of rice and using sertificate seed and non sertificate. Data analysis method used statistic test with Software SPSS16.0 and profit analysis Return/Cost radio(R/C). Productivity of rice that used seed non sertificate 0,88 kg/ha. Value of ratio R/C for effort of rice that used seed non sertificate 4,41 and R/C for effort of rice used seed serticate 2,51. Using sertificate seed is not more better from seed non sertificate and seed non sertificate is more profit.


The tectonic development during the carboniferous Quaternary in Tarim basin could be included in one large scale tectonic cycle. The tectonic evolution of the basin can be divided into four stages: the cratonic marginal depressions, the foreland basins, the fault controlled and non-fault controlled depressions, and the compound foreland basins. The stratigraphic assemblages were obviously controlled by tectonic processes. Four tectonic stratigraphic assemblages have been identified according to the basin tectonics and sediments filling characteristics.


Achieving continuous sustained economic growth and following economic development can be the target for all countries which are looking for it. In this regard, distribution industry plays an important role in growth and development of any nation. So, estimating the efficiency and productivity of the so called industry and identifying factors influencing it, is very necessary. The objective of the present study is to measure the efficiency and productivity of seven branches of Nina Distribution Company using window data envelopment analysis and Malmquist productivity index from spring 2013 to summer 2015. In this study, using criteria of fixed assets, payroll personnel, operating costs and duration of collection of receivables were selected as inputs and people and net sales, gross profit and percentage of coverage to customers were selected as outputs. Then, the process of performance window data envelopment analysis was driven and process efficiency has been measured using Malmquist index. The results indicate that the average technical efficiency of window Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) model and fluctuating trend is sustainable. But the average management efficiency in window DEA model is related with negative growth (decline) of about 13%. The mean scale efficiency in all windows, except in the second one which is faced with 8%, shows growth of 18% compared to the first window. On the other hand, the mean change in total factor productivity in all branches of the industry shows average negative growth (decrease) of 12% which are the result of a negative change in technology. Keywords—Nina Distribution Company branches, window data envelopment analysis, Malmquist productivity index.


"Between 1850 and 1990, upland communities in Switzerland, France, Italy and Spain witnessed the demise of traditional peasant economies and the emergence of a new type of rural economy whose firm stucture and patterns of labour organization were more similar to those common in industrial societies. Evolution was the result of an institutional selection process activated by changes brought about by industrialization in the economic environment of upland communities. But, beyond these similarities, substantial differences can be found in the paths that led to evolution. The Alpine path was based on the early creation and consolidation of employment firms in industry and services, and entailed relatively low occupational gaps as compared to national averages. The path followed by Mediterranean uplands was much more dismal –considerable gaps in economic structure and living standards caused an acute demographic crisis during the second half of the twentieth century. A non-Kuznetsian pattern of structural change was then a by-product of depopulation."


Bayesian methods for modelling and inference are being increasingly used in the cryospheric sciences, and glaciology in particular. Here, we present a review of recent works in glaciology that adopt a Bayesian approach when conducting an analysis. We organise the chapter into three categories: i) Gaussian-Gaussian models, ii) Bayesian hierarchical models, and iii) Bayesian calibration approaches. In addition, we present two detailed case studies that involve the application of Bayesian hierarchical models in glaciology. The first case study is on the spatial prediction of surface mass balance across the Icelandic mountain glacier Langjökull, and the second is on the prediction of sea-level rise contributions from the Antactcic ice sheet. This chapter is presented in such a way that it is accessible to both statisticians as well as earth scientists. This work will appear as a chapter of the forthcoming book titled Statistical Modelling Using Latent Gaussian Models with Applications in Geophysics and Environmental Sciences, expected to be published by Springer in 2022.


. Let S be a complex projective surface. Lefschetz originally proved Lefschetz (1 , 1)–Theorem by studying a Lefschetz pencil of hyperplane sections of S and the Abel– Jacobi mapping. In this paper, we attack Lefschetz (1 , 1)–Theorem by constructing certain two-parameter families of twice hyperplane sections of S and then applying the topological Abel–Jacobi mapping. Our geometric constructions would give an inductive approach and some insight for higher dimensional cases. We prove a strong tube theorem which generalizes Schnell's tube theorem to integral homology groups for complex projective curves and then obtain a Jacobi-type inversion theorem. In the end, we give a geometric description for the deformation space of an elementary vanishing cycle over a generic net.


Classification features are crucial for an intrusion detection system (IDS), and the detection performance of IDS will change dramatically when providing different input features. Moreover, the large number of network traffic and their high-dimensional features will result in a very lengthy classification process. Recently, there is an increasing interest in the application of deep learning approaches for classification and learn feature representations. So, in this paper, we propose using the stacked sparse autoencoder (SSAE), an instance of a deep learning strategy, to extract high-level feature representations of intrusive behavior information. The original classification features are introduced into SSAE to learn the deep sparse features automatically for the first time. Then, the low-dimensional sparse features are used to build different basic classifiers. We compare SSAE with other feature extraction methods proposed by previous researchers. The experimental results both in binary classification and multiclass classification indicate the following: 1) the high-dimensional sparse features learned by SSAE are more discriminative for intrusion behaviors compared to previous methods and 2) the classification process of basic classifiers is significantly accelerated by using high-dimensional sparse features. In summary, it is shown that the SSAE is a feasible and efficient feature extraction method and provides a new research method for intrusion detection.


The main result isTheorem 1. If is a holomorphic function on the polydisk in , and for each fixed in some nonpluripolar set the function can be continued holomorphically to the whole plane with the exception of some polar set of singularities, then can be continued holomorphically to , where is a closed pluripolar subset of .Some generalizations are also given, along with corollaries on extension of functions with analytic sets of singularities.Bibliography: 13 titles.


While filling a container like rectangular cavity with a fluid, the level of the fluid raises with time depending upon the rate of fluid flow. The pressure at various coordinates could be estimated by solving the analytical equations involving the density and other properties of the fluid with the boundary conditions. The verification of the results can be made by comparing with the numerical results obtained and by experimental set up, if available. This paper presents the analytical equations for pressure while filling a rectangular cavitiy and proposes an opto-electronic pressure sensor for experimental verification of the results. The proposed pressure sensor employs a metallic flexible circular shaped diaphragm incorporating an opto-electronic coupling by means of a silver coated mirror attached to the diaphragm which in turn would deflect a laser beam continuously on a photo sensitive mosaic. Dynamic variation in pressure causes variations in deformations in the surface of the diaphragm elastically, and hence varies the angle of the mirror resulting in a variation angle of the deflected beam on the photo mosaic. With this variation in angle, the exerting pressure acting on the diaphragm is computed.


The bus bar differential protection based on the current phase of bus liaison CB is widely used in double bus substation over 110 kV. In order to prevent the unprospective auto reclose, the trip output of 220 kV bus protection connects to "R" of control terminal, but for 110 kV bus protection,there is a relay to inhibit auto reclose. In some design this circuit is not reliable in inhibiting auto reclose, so, the inhibiting auto reclose relay must be replaced or its circuit improved.


N OUTERWEAR FABRIC that keeps the wearer dry and comfortable has been Athe object of researchers for over 100 years. In order for a material to be waterproof and comfortable, it must have the seemingly contradictive properties of being impermeable to liquid water and yet permeable to perspiration vapor. That is, it must be non-porous, but at the same time, porous. Researchers during and after World War II have developed laboratory tests to quantify waterproofness and vapor permeability. They have also determined minimum values of these properties that are required to keep the wearer both dry and comfortable. There have been several commercial developments in this area that initially appeared to fulfill the waterproof/comfort requirements. Extensive testing of these materials shows, however, that their properties are not sufficient either in


Core-collapse supernovae (SNs) are one of the most powerful cosmic sources of neutrinos, with energies of several MeV. The emission of neutrinos and antineutrinos of all flavors carries away the gravitational binding energy of the compact remnant and drives its evolution from the hot initial to the cold final states. Detecting these neutrinos from Earth and analyzing the emitted signals present a unique opportunity to explore the neutrino mass ordering problem. This research outlines the detection of neutrinos from SNs and their relevance in understanding the neutrino mass ordering. The focus is on developing a model-independent analysis strategy, achieved by comparing distinct detection channels in large underground detectors. The objective is to identify potential indicators of mass ordering within the neutrino sector. Additionally, a thorough statistical analysis is performed on the anticipated neutrino signals for both mass orderings. Despite uncertainties in supernova explosion parameters, an exploration of the parameter space reveals an extensive array of models with significant sensitivity to differentiate between mass orderings. The assessment of various observables and their combinations underscores the potential of forthcoming supernova observations in addressing the neutrino mass ordering problem.


KEY WORDS Withania somnifera, Dunal. belongs to family Solanaceae. It is also known as Ashwagandha or Indian Genseng. Withanolides are constituents of roots of Ashwagandha. Withanolide is the major constituent with appreciable quantity of Withanone and traces of Withaferin-A. In Ayurvedic literature, is a "Rasayana" or rejuvenating drug and hence also traditionally known as Avarada which suggests the application of this plant for enhancing longevity. The seeds of Withania somnifera, Dunal. var somnifera were selected and used for following investigations. Different locations from Junnar taluka showed different response to germination and vegetative growth. From present investigation it can be concluded that soil with alkaline properties was more efficient for germination and growth of Withania somnifera, Dunal. than acidic soil. Ashwagandha, Soils, Germination, Growth


There may be no troubles if the employer is defined as the subject for the obligation of collective bargaining and unfair labor practice based on the employment relation between the employee and the employer as defined in Labor Union Act. By the way, the analysis theory, which decides the counterpart in collective labor relations on the basis of existence of employment relation, has been developed based on the consistency between employment and use. However, the current tendency of using the labor force is not absolutely based on the consistency between employment and use. That is, it may frequently happen that the employment is inconsistent with the use at the initial stage of contract. As the form of utilizing the labor force has been variously developed, it is not sufficient to define the notion of the employer based on the law related to the employment contract. In order to solve this problem, various legal principles have been suggested. Regarding the notion of the employer in Labor Union Act, the definition of Korea Supreme Court(hereinafter "KSC") is very limited to only employment contract. However, most theories have tended to specially define the employer based on Labor Union Act to expand the notion of the employer. Especially, in the case of Hyndai Heavy Industry, the Seoul Administrative Court judged that Hyndai Heavy Industry partially has acted unfair labor practice, which is totally different from the one of KSC and it drew the attention of others. The final judgment of KSC is imminent, so we need to review the legal principles of the notion of the employer. In this paper, the legal principles for the expansion of the notion of the employer will be investigated and analyzed and improvement thereof will be suggested.


The use of carbon fibre composites is growing in many sectors but their use remains stronger in very high value industries such as aerospace where the demands of the application more easily justify the high energy input needed and the corresponding costs incurred. This energy and cost input is returned through gains over the whole life of the product, with for example, longer maintenance intervals for an aircraft and lower fuel burn. Thermoplastic composites however have a different energy and cost profile compared to traditional thermosets with notable differences in recyclability, but this profile is not well quantified or documented. This study considers the key process control parameters and identifies an optimal window for processing, along with the effect this has on the final characteristics of the manufactured parts. Interactions between parameters and corresponding sensitivities are extracted from the results.


PbS(1−x)Sex single‐heterostructure diode lasers have been fabricated using a 300 °C vacuum deposition process to grow layers of p‐ or n‐PbS0.72Se0.28 onto n‐PbS0.78Se0.22 bulk substrates. At 12 K, laser emission occurs at 4.98 μm in the grown PbS0.72Se0.28 layer. Maximum power outputs are on the order of 1 mW. The 0.20% lattice mismatch at the heterojunction does not impose serious limitations on laser performance.


The dynamic vulcanizates(TPV)of EPDM/POE was prepared by dynamic vulcanization technology.The effects of carbon black,silica and silica treated by Si-69on the properties were studied.The results showed that the mechanical and thermal properties of TPV using Si-69pretreated silica significantly higher than that of normal silica.Compared with the other two reinforcements,the EPDM/POE/carbon black N330thermoplastic elastomer had the best comprehensive properties.When the carbon black content was 30phr,optimal properties were obtained and the carbon blacks were evenly dispersed in the vulcanizates.


The rainfall regime in 3 agro-climatic areas of Bačka of Vojvodina Province covering the period 1966-2009 year was estimated in this study. This period was marked by the uniformity of annual rainfall distribution relative to the occurrence of two maximal and minimal average monthly rainfalls. The monthly distributions was explored by means of box-whisker diagram on the base of median (Me) upper (Q3) and lower quartiles (Q1) and interquartile range that is a measure of dispersion of the central portion of a distribution (IQ= Q3–Q1). Not pronounced trend of precipitation for the analyzed period is detected. But, the results show high temperature variability in the winter months. Кеy words: agro-climatic region, temperature, rainfall, Bačka


Intimal hyperplasia (IH) is an important complication of arterial bypass surgery which can ultimately lead to graft failure. The pathogenesis of IH involves the migration of smooth muscle cells from the media to the intima where they proliferate and secrete extracellular matrix. This results in a thickened vessel wall which may cause stenosis and/or thrombosis of the distal graft-artery junction. It has been shown that IH is a more significant problem in stiff synthetic grafts than in more compliant vein grafts (Bassiouny et al., 1992), and that synthetic grafts have a higher failure rate (Waiden et al., 1980). Consequently, autogenous vein (or artery) grafts are used clinically whenever possible. In cases where autogenous grafts are not long enough or not available (for e.g. if they have already been harvested or have been obliterated by disease), a vein cuff interposed between the distal end of a synthetic graft and the host artery can improve long term patency by reducing distal anastomotic IH (Miller et al., 1984; Suggs et al., 1988).


Abstract : The Marine Corps must replace or upgrade the UH-1N helicopter and purchase enough aircraft to meet operational tempo. The utility helicopter mission is essential in supporting MAGTF operations. The UH-1N has been performing this mission for almost 20 years, but because of its limited capabilities and inadequate numbers it can no longer conduct this mission satisfactorily. The Huey's replacement, VMAO, is projected to enter the fleet in 2015. Considering the likelihood of increased reliance on the Marine Corps to conduct operations ranging from low intensity conflict to humanitarian relief, the demand for a utility helicopter will also likely increase. The UH-1N will not be able to support this high operational tempo in the future. The author recommends that the Marine Corps purchase the H-60 Black Hawk and maintain a T/E of 12 utility helicopters in each HMLA squadron.


Computer games are used more and more often in education. Their application in the learning process brings a lot of benefits and advantages compared to the classic form of teaching without the use of new technologies. Some of the more sophisticated games can include a variety of smaller ones, which supplement their functionality. In this article are described in detail the mini-games, which will be part of a 3D educational labyrinth game. They include: quiz, 2D puzzle, solving a Wordsearch Puzzle, rolling balls, shooting on moving inanimate objects, etc. The characteristics of mini-games are considered, and they may be mandatory or optional. The opinions of students and teachers regarding their preferences for the mini-games and the results are studied and compared. Surprisingly, according to the survey, teachers show a more positive attitude towards educational games than students. The APOGEE project aims to create a platform for automatically generating an educational 3D labyrinth game that can be easily used by teachers, even if they are not IT specialists. Thus, they will have the opportunity to choose the right mini-games and the necessary training material.


The present invention relates to a purifying device for water, comprising a housing having a longitudinal axis, an upper and a lower end and a substantially circular cross section. The device further comprises a parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing arranged for receiving a first cleaning medium, as well as parallel to the longitudinal axis of the housing arranged for receiving a second cleaning medium. The receptacle for the second cleaning medium is arranged eccentrically to the longitudinal axis of the housing.


Adropin is a peptide primarily expressed and secreted by the liver and is known to regulate energy homeostasis. Increasing evidence also indicates that adropin can exert vascular effects and its low circulating levels are associated with increased arterial stiffness, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. However, whether reduced adropin contributes to arterial stiffening in type 2 diabetes remains unknown. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that loss of adropin in non‐diabetic mice causes arterial stiffening and that the converse is also true. That is, adropin exposure reduces arterial stiffness in diabetic mice. In alignment with this hypothesis, we found that 1) mesenteric arteries from adropin knockout male mice are stiffer than those from wild‐type littermates; 2) exposure of human endothelial cells and mesenteric arteries from diabetic (i.e., db/db) male mice to adropin reduces actin polymerization and stiffness; 3) adropin‐induced reduction of actin polymerization and softening of endothelial cells and diabetic arteries is abrogated by inhibition of nitric oxide synthase; and 4) treatment of diabetic male mice with adropin for four weeks reduces arterial stiffness in mesenteric arteries. Collectively, these findings support the notion that reduced adropin may be implicated in arterial stiffening and thus represent a novel therapeutic target to lessen arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes.


With the emergence of big data and the arrival of information era, along with the continuous development of Internet technology, working mode and working methods of financial management have a broad space for further development. The development of enterprises can be prompted by the realization of financial data informatization, financial services sharing, financial payment facilitation, financial terminal mobility and other means, yet it will also result in the situation when confidential is easily to be stolen and lacking of relevant professional personnel.


The Global Multimedia Collaboration System is designed to bridge H.323, Session Initiation Protocol, Access Grid clients, and 2.SG/3G cellular phones in audio-visual collaborations. One of its key components is the H.323 gateway, which lets H.323 terminals interact with other clients, providing complete conferencing control services. This system is designed to help scientists and students who have access only to H.323 and SIP endpoints or cellular phones with scientific collaboration in the high-end Access Grid environment.


The aim of the paper is to assess the vulnerability of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Albania and explore to what extent stigma and discrimination prevent people living with HIV (accessing) entitlements and realizing human rights. The questions of individual interviews made with PLHA are divided into several sections, namely in: (i) attitudes, experiences, evocations of PLHA; (ii) models and main forms of PLHA support; (iii) PLHA perceptions of stigma and discrimination and their effect on these people"s rights. In total were recruited 36 people, 31 PLWHA accepted to be interviewed and the rest didn"t accept. PLWHA find it difficult to talk about their HIV-positive status even though many of them have been living with this disease for several years. Non- disclosure of HIV-status presents as anxiety in PLWHA, and acts as a significant barrier preventing this patient population from attaining different social and health services. Of the PLWHA that were interviewed, 80% were not sufficiently informed about HIV at the time of diagnoses, and 73% did not have information about the rights and protections that exist for PLWHA. Patients interviewed were unaware of existing services and relevant institutions that address their rights when their rights are violated. by seeing AIDS-related deaths drop (Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS 2011-2015 WHO). The increased financial commitment to combat HIV/AIDS also saw a sharp increase from 2001 to 2009 with 1.6 billion US dollars to 15.9 billion US dollars, respectively (Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS 2011-2015 WHO). Yet, challenges still persist as HIV infections are still increasing in some regions of the world ,and the number of individuals living with HIV globally remains high(Global health sector strategy on HIV/AIDS 2011-2015 WHO). With cases reported around the globe of violation and abuse of persons living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) or people who were believed to carry the disease, a challenge associated with the HIV/AIDS epidemic is stigma and discrimination (10, 19). Though the association between stigma and discrimination and the HIV/AIDS epidemic is widely accepted, a deeper understanding of this association may potentially lead to improved outcomes of PLWHA and HIV-related illnesses (The Right to Health). Stigma due to HIV-status has indeed resulted in the lack of adequate care and social support for many PLWHA (11). Consequences of stigma as a result of HIV-status acts as a barrier to PLWHA for various reasons that can impact proper treatment: delays in HIV testing, decreased exposure to prevention programs, and hindering the adoption of preventative behaviors, disclosing status (3). Non-disclosure of HIV-status to family members, friends, and service-providing institutions, thought to derive from stigma, prejudice, and discrimination, stymies adequate health care, social life, family support, and social participation of PLWHA. Abstract


In this paper, we study on a 1D BJT model, which saves the memory size and computation time and verify that the characteristic of 1D BJT model is in good agreement with 2D BJT model. We use the equivalent circuit approach to simulate the BJT device. Poisson's equation and continuity equations for electron and hole are formulated into a subcircuit format suitable for general circuit simulator in the equivalent circuit approach. In order to solve the 2D device simulation, the simulation environment needs a powerful solver. So we use the band matrix solver to replace the full matrix solver. But the 2D BJT simulation still needs a large computation time, so we must develop the efficient 1D BJT model. In 1D BJT simulation, we have overcome the base boundary condition and verified that the base boundary conditions in 1D BJT model closely approach to that in 2D BJT model. Finally, we apply it to two applications and study the operation concepts of these applications. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


I MUST ADMIT that there was a time when I would have been hard pressed to describe reading a 300-page survey as fascinating. But the Louis Harris Survey was terrific and I read it at a single sitting. I want to express my appreciation to the New York Academy of Medicine and to the Macy Foun-dation for the valuable work. It has already had an impact at the University of Utah in my sitting down with the Associate Dean for Curriculum and discuss-ing some of the sections of the survey. My reactions to the survey ranged from gratification in the confirmation of long-held assumptions to relevations of new insights -we are especially sensitive to revelation in Utah.


This article provides a historical review of the institutionality of the Brazilian Supreme Court of Justice, as well as the importance of military justice for the rule of law, establishing in detail its competences, future challenges and the areas of opportunity that must be addressed. be faced in the near future by the institutions.


Noise or vibration problems in heat exchangers may be encountered in those instances when a natural acoustic frequency of the exchanger in the direction normal to the flow direction and tube length is close to the frequency determined by the Strouhal number. In this case coupling can occur giving oscillation of a large amplitude which results in an excessive pressure drop. If the banks of tubes are closely spaced, interactioni takes place between the vortexes shedding from the various banks of tubes. Experiments on pairs of tubes, in-line tubes, and staggered tubes show the Strouhal number no longer has a value of about 1/5, as for a single isolated tube, and the critical dimension may be tube spacing rather than tube diameter. Several types of equipment alterations found useful in noise suppression are given. (C.J.G.)


Metaphor,closely related to the development of human language and thinking pattern,is both a language phenomenon and a cognitive phenomenon."上/下""Up/Down",as two basic groups of oriental words existing in Chinese and English,can be mapped into the quantity,state,time and social hierarchy domain and form different schema and metaphorical meaning as a consequence.


The ubiquitin‐proteasome system is a crucial mechanism for regulating protein levels in cells, with substrate‐specific E3 ubiquitin ligases serving as an integral component of this system. Among these ligases are SMAD‐specific E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase 1 (SMURF1) and SMAD‐specific E3 ubiquitin‐protein ligase 2 (SMURF2), which belong to the neural precursor cell‐expressed developmentally downregulated 4 (NEDD4) subfamily of Homologous to E6‐AP COOH terminus (HECT)‐type E3 ligases. As E3 ligases, SMURFs have critical functions in regulating the stability of multiple proteins, thereby maintaining physiological processes such as cell migration, proliferation, and apoptosis. The occurrence of many diseases is attributed to abnormal cell physiology and an imbalance in cell homeostasis. It is noteworthy that SMURFs play pivotal roles in disease progression, with the regulatory functions being complex and either facilitative or inhibitory. In this review, we elucidate the mechanisms by which SMURF1 and SMURF2 can regulate disease progression in non‐cancerous diseases. These significant findings offer potential novel therapeutic targets for various diseases and new avenues for research on SMURF proteins.


Inflammatory bowel diseases are the second most common chronic inflammatory disorder after rheumatoid arthritis. Of these, Crohn's disease afflicts hundreds of thousands of patients, particularly i...


Recently, the rock splitting method is often used to construct the tunnel because the blasting method is restricted in the construction site near city area suburbs. However, the working efficiency of the rock splitting method is extremely low. Therefore, the automation of rock splitting method has been receiving considerable attention to increase the working efficiency. This study is concerned with the automation of rock splitting method for tunnel construction. In order to automate the rock splitting task, the following tasks are necessary: (1) Automatic recognition of holes drilled on the cutting face. (2) Automatic control to make the tip of the bigger move to the recognized holes. (3) Automatic insert of the bigger into the drilled hole. In this study, the image processing procedure was proposed by using CCD camera and laser pointer in order to recognize the location of the holes drilled on the uneven cutting surface. Furthermore, the algorithm to insert the bigger automatically into the drilled holes by using the strain gauges attached on the bigger. It was confirmed through the model experiment that this algorithm worked well. If the hole is drilled vertically to the cutting face, it took 1 minute to complete the insert of the bigger. However, if the hole is not drilled vertically to the cutting face, it took 12 minutes to complete the insert of the bigger, and this time is much larger than that in the case that the hole is drilled vertically. Therefore, it was confirmed that the holes should be drilled vertically to the cutting face to increase the working efficiency by rock splitting method.


This article examines the Aristotelian concept of «political animals» from the ethical and politico-philosophy point of view. In addition, it studies the reason why the communitarian dimension of the human being needs political friendship, both for its improvement and for the common good of the political communityTEORIA Y PRAXIS Year 15, No.30, January-May 2017, pp.101-120


RATIONALE
Identifying patients with pulmonary fibrosis (PF) at risk of progression can guide management. We explore the utility of combining baseline bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and CT in differentiating progressive and non-progressive PF.

METHODS
The derivation cohort consisted of incident cases of PF, for whom BAL was performed as part of diagnostic work-up. A validation cohort were prospectively recruited with identical inclusion criteria. Baseline thoracic CTs were scored for fibrosis extent and UIP pattern. BAL lymphocyte proportion was recorded. Annualized forced vital capacity decline >10% or death within one year defined disease progression. Multivariable logistic regression identified determinants of outcome. Optimum binary thresholds (maximal Wilcoxon rank statistic) at which CT fibrosis extent and BAL lymphocyte proportion could distinguish disease progression were identified.

RESULTS
BAL lymphocyte proportion, UIP pattern and fibrosis extent were significantly and independently associated with disease progression in the derivation cohort (n=240 individuals). Binary thresholds for raised BAL lymphocyte proportion and extensive fibrosis were identified as 25% and 20% respectively. Raised BAL lymphocyte proportion was rare in patients with a UIP pattern (8/135[5.9%]) or with extensive fibrosis (7/144[4.9%]). In the validation cohort (n=290 subjects), a raised BAL lymphocyte proportion was associated with a significantly lower probability of disease progression in patients with non-extensive fibrosis or a non-UIP pattern.

CONCLUSIONS
BAL lymphocytosis is rare in patients with extensive fibrosis or a UIP pattern on CT. In patients without a UIP pattern or with limited fibrosis, a BAL lymphocyte proportion of ≥ 25% was associated with a lower likelihood of progression.


.........................................................................................i DEDICATION.......................................................................................iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS........................................................................iv CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Introduction and Background..............................................................1 The Research Problem......................................................................4 Pope John Paul II's Apostolic Constitution Ex Corde Ecclesiae.....................9 The Application of Ex Corde Ecclesiae for the United States........................10 The Role of Bishops in Catholic Universities...........................................13 The Mandatum..............................................................................17 Purpose of the Study.......................................................................24 Significance of the Study..................................................................25 Definition of Terms........................................................................27 Research Questions........................................................................32 Primary Research Question...............................................................33 Subsidiary Research Questions...........................................................33 Limitation and Scope of the Study.......................................................33 Organization of the Dissertation.........................................................34 CHAPTER TWO: THE REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE Introduction.................................................................................36 Historical Development of Catholic Higher Education in the United States.......37 Pope John Paul II's Explanation of the Identity of Catholic Universities..........49 Factors Responsible for Identity Crisis in Catholic Colleges and Universities....64 Strategies Needed to Preserve Catholic Identity............................................88 The Response of Catholic Colleges and Universities to Ex Corde Ecclesiae......90 Major Hallmarks of Catholic Higher Education.......................................98 Limitation on Literature..................................................................116 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY Introduction................................................................................118 Research Site..............................................................................118 Research Design...........................................................................128 Qualitative Research: Case Study......................................................128 Sample Selection and Participants......................................................129 Research Setting...........................................................................133 Role of the Researcher...................................................................134


The polarized infrared spectra of single crystals of diacetylene, as well as those of the liquid and the vapor, are presented and analyzed. Modes forbidden activity in the vapor are observed in the spectra of the condensed phases, as are combinations of molecular fundamentals with lattice modes. The crystal and liquid spectra exhibit frequency shifts and band broadenings that are characteristic of hydrogen bonding. The crystal system is found to be either orthorhombic or monoclinic with two or more molecules in the primitive unit cell. The molecules are essentially coplanar and this plane is the only symmetry element that may be present at the site. An orthorhombic structure, of Space Group P22121 with four molecules on sites of no symmetry, is proposed for the crystal.


Based on the analysis of the heterogeneity of channel mouth bar reservoir,the horizontal variation function is given and matched by using the porosity data from the multi-directional horizontal wells.Combined with the variation function of vertical wells,it is considered that the statistic distribution of the delta front mouth bar reservoir parameter in horizontal direction is similar to that of reservoir parameters in vertical direction,and the variation functions are dominated by spherical model.The vertical range of vertical wells averages about 12 m,which represents the vertical thickness of a single mouth bar;the plane long-axis range of horizontal wells ranges from 24 m to 36 m and the short-axis range of them ranges from 8 m to 16 m,which represent the length and width of single mouth bar,respectively.The ratio between the long-axis range and the short-axis range is about 2∶1~3∶1;the ratio between the plane long-axis range and the vertical range is about 20∶1~30∶1,and the ratio between the short-axis range and the vertical range is about 6∶1~13∶1.


Abstract Telluromandarinoite, a tellurite, is a new mineral species from the Wendy open pit, Tambo mine, El Indio-Tambo mining property, Coquimbo Province, Chile. The ideal endmember telluromandarinoite formula is Fe 3+ 2 Te 4+ 3 O 9 ·6H 2 O and it is the Te 4+ analogue of the selenite mineral mandarinoite, Fe 3+ 2 Se 4+ 3 O 9 ·6H 2 O. These deposits are located in rhyolitic and dacitic pyroclastic volcanic rocks of Tertiary age (8–11 Ma) that are strongly hydrothermally altered. The mineralization in the Tambo area is characterized by high-level epithermal veins and breccias located along roughly east–west structures. Hydrothermal breccias consisting of silicified clasts of dacite tuffs cemented by a silica/barite/alunite matrix are common at the occurrence. In fact, all studied specimens containing tellurite mineralization are associated with alunite. Telluromandarinoite is translucent, pale green, with a white streak and vitreous luster. It forms as individual platy crystals, 0.2 mm or less in size, but more commonly as aggregates of platy crystals. The crystals are too small to allow a Mohs hardness determination; they are brittle with an uneven fracture and no observed cleavage or parting. Telluromandarinoite is biaxial positive with α = 1.750(3), β = 1.807(3), and γ = 1.910(5), with a calculated 2 V = 76.9°. The optical orientation is Y = b , c ˆ Z = 10° in obtuse β. No dispersion was noted and no pleochroism was observed. An average of 10 electron microprobe analyses gave SeO 2 22.91, TeO 2 44.30, Fe 2 O 3 26.43, and H 2 O (calc.) 17.59, total 111.23 wt.%. The mineral loses H 2 O in vacuum, so the high totals obtained were expected. The empirical formula (based on 15 O atoms) is Fe 3+ 2.03 (Te 4+ 1.71 Se 4+ 1.27 ) Σ2.98 O 9 ·6H 2 O with Z = 4, and D calc = 3.372 g/cm 3 . Spot analyses gave stoichiometries that range from telluromandarinoite Fe 3+ 2.03 (Te 4+ 2.12 Se 4+ 0.86 ) Σ2.98 O 9 ·6H 2 O to mandarinoite Fe 3+ 2.07 (Se 4+ 1.64 Te 4+ 1.31 ) Σ2.95 O 9 ·6H 2 O. A crystal-structure analysis shows the mineral to be monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / c , with a 16.9356(5), b 7.8955(3), c 10.1675(3) A, β 98.0064(4)°, and V 1346.32(13) A 3 . The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pattern [ d in A,( I ),( hkl )] are: 8.431(44)(200), 7.153(100), 3.5753(41), 3.4631(21), 2.9964(34), 2.8261(19)(412). The crystal structure of telluromandarinoite is similar to that of emmonsite, Fe 3+ 2 Te 4+ 3 O 9 ·2H 2 O.


and controls. Results: 97 cases and 194 controls were identified. There was a male predominance in the case group (60 vs. 34) and no difference in gestational age between case and control groups. The mean birth weight was similar (3115g in cases vs. 3221g in controls). There was no difference related to mean mother's age nor the presence of maternal chronic disease. Smoking had more expression in the case group (21,2% vs. 16,3%). Moita (37,8%) is the municipality with higher frequency of cases. Musculoskeletal anomalies were the most frequent (35.4%), followed by genital (22.2%) and other anomalies (11%). During the study period, five cases with anorectal anomalies were reported, 4 of them born at 2016 and in 3 the mothers residence place was Moita. Conclusions: In this study, the high proportion of cases from Moita suggests a possible environmental exposure to a teratogenic agent. Also smoking during pregnancy could be a high risk to anorectal anomalies, as suggested in other studies. More investment in public health measures could protect population from harmful environments. Key messages: Pprenatal exposure to environemental risk factors increase the risk of congenital anomalies. Mothers residence and place of work could be a risk factor to pregnancy.


An important aspect of preparing teachers who are critically conscious is integrating and interrogating the positionalities of those who work with pre-service teachers. In turn, the process of interrogating positionalities as teacher educators also allows us to incorporate pedagogies that offer pre-service teachers an opportunity to interrogate who they are as future teachers of diverse student populations. In this paper, we therefore use Paulo Freire's concept of radical love to explore the similarities and disjunctures in our pedagogy and positionalities as international scholars of color. Specifically, we draw from our experiences as doctoral students teaching undergraduate and graduate pre-service teachers. The purpose of this paper is twofold—to discuss how our positionalities impact the practice of our teaching and to explore ways in which we enact radical love in our classrooms.


The principles of photothermoplastic (PTP) process for large format holograms are considered. Development of such holograms has required a new constructive approaches to recording system as well as working conditions and the PTP compound choice. The use of a new process principles seem to allow to solve many practical problems of holography.


Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels were the founders of scientific socialism or Marxism.Both of them took part in a great number of practical activities in theoretical publicity and ideological education among workers.The forms and methods of their work and activities were diversified.Today,research on their contribution to ideological and political education will be of great immediate significance in the innovation of our ideological and political work.


This paper developed SMCG (sparse matrix canonical grid) method with vector RWG basis function for PMCHW integral equations. According to the strength of the electromagnetic interaction between discrete elements, the dense impedance matrix is decomposed into a sparse matrix for the strong interaction and flat-surface matrices for the weak interaction. Then the SMFSIA (Sparse Matrix Flat Surface Iterative Approach) is used to solve the linear equations with CG (conjugate gradient) method. The strong interaction matrix multiplies with a column vector fast, taking advantage of the sparse matrix. If the rough surface is spilt by canonical grid, flat-surface matrices are BTTB (Block-Toeplitz Toeplitz-Blocked) matrices, so that the product can be obtained by using 2D-FFT (two dimensional fast Fourier transform). Some examples show that SMCG method and the conventional method of moment (MoM) method are in good agreement. The analysis of time complexity and memory requirement indicates that The SMCG method can greatly speed up the solution without taking too much extra memory. For scattering computation of electrically large rough surface, the SMCG method has obvious advantages over the conventional Mom method.


The Hanjiang River has a vast extensive reaches,a special geographical position,aplentiful natural resources,with the superior living condition,which has ever been a strategist place in many wars.By collecting some data,the article summarizes the war happened in the Hanjiang River.It reflects the Hanjiang people's hard fight for subsistence and development,freedom and democracy and national independence.


The judiciary's power comes from its words alone—judges command no army and control no purse. In a democracy, judges have legitimacy only when their words deserve respect, and their words deserve respect only when those who utter them are ethical. Opinion writing is public writing of the highest order; people are affected not only by judicial opinions but also by how they are written. Therefore, judges and the opinions they write—opinions scrutinized by litigants, attorneys, other judges, and the public—are held, and must be held, to high ethical standards. Ethics must constrain every aspect of the judicial opinion. One way to judge judges is to read their opinions. Although a judge's role in the courtroom is a crucial judicial function, only those in the courtroom witness the judge's conduct, and most of them are concerned with their case alone. Judicial writing expands the public's contact with the judge. Writing reflects thinking, proves ability, binds litigants, covers those similarly situated, and might determine the result of an appeal. Judges hope that what they write will enhance confidence in the judiciary and bring justice to the litigants. The heart of a judge's reputation and function rests with the use of the pen. Judges must resolve controversies. Processes in the courtroom might influence a judge's decision, but the written opinion rationalizes issues, explains facts, and settles disputes. Opinions open windows into judges' minds and show how judges fulfill their duties. They provide accountability because they are available to the public, the litigants, and higher courts to read and review. An opinion's quality is determined by tone, organization, style, method, and


The present invention relates to an optical scanning device comprising an objective lens (45) (15) having an optical axis (41). Scanning device comprises an actuator (57) capable of displacing the objective lens in at least parallel to the optical axis direction. Actuator comprises a magnetic unit (61) and the magnetic unit cooperating with electrical coil unit (63). In accordance with the present invention, the magnetic unit, in its entirety, when viewed in a direction parallel to the X direction perpendicular to the optical axis, is positioned next to and outside of the coil unit, a portion of the coil unit (95,97,101,103 , 107, 109) is present in the stray field of the magnetic unit (113 and 117). As a result, the size and mass of the moving parts of the scanning device carrying the coil unit and the objective lens, can be kept relatively small.


The methodology used in the quantification of various Salatrim mixtures in foods manufactured in combination with coconut oil, cocoa butter, and common vegetable oils is described. Salatrim is an interesterification product of triacetin, tripropionin, tributyrin, and hydrogenated vegetable oils. Approximately 95% by weight of Salatrim components are triacylglycerols with acyl carbon number (ACN) less than 42. In order to evaluate the method to measure Salatrim at various concentrations in foods containing other fats with similar ACN, 12 chocolate-coated peanut butter cup samples were made with several types of Salatrim, coconut oil at different concentrations, and other common vegetable oils and analyzed. The extraction of the crude fat from the samples by supercritical fluid carbon dioxide without the alteration of the triacylglycerol structures, separation of Salatrim from other lipids, and quantification by high-temperature capillary gas chromatography (HTCGC) with a short SIM-DIST fused-silica capilla...


We aim in this paper to study the effect of harvesting on predator–prey interaction in the case of prey herd behavior using a fractional-order model. Herd behavior has a crucial role in the surviving of species where it gave them the sufficient protection for the prey that perform it. The objective of using the fractional-order model is to model the memory effect measured by the order of the fractional derivative on the mutual interactions. Further, we aim to seek the effect of inner competition among the predators (also super-predators) on the evolution of the three species. For the mathematical results, we will show the local stability of the equilibria, and show the effect of memory rate and harvesting of the asymptotic behavior of the solution. Moreover, an efficient numerical scheme has been used to provide the numerical illustrations for our study.


Background and objectives: Irrational and repeated use of broad spectrum antibiotics for infectious diarrhea in children has resulted in their increased resistance along with several systemic toxic effects. Probiotics are also used in the management of infectious diarrhea as these are supposed to be favorable in promoting overall health benefits including stability of the intestinal flora. However, these agents are not used as an alternative to antibiotics as their exact bactericidal/bacteriostatic effects have not been evaluated on the basis of any clinical or in-vitro samples (Culture and Sensitivity test). Hence the aim of our study was to compare the culture and sensitivity patterns of standard antibiotics and two probiotics, Lactobacilli (Lactobacillus paracasei/Lactobacillus acidophilus) and Saccharomyces boulardii used for the treatment of infectious diarrhea in children less than 5 years of age in a tertiary care hospital of Karachi, Pakistan. Methodology: This prospective quasi experimental study was conducted for a period of six months. After getting informed consent from parents/guardians, the stool samples were obtained from children of ages, 6 months to 5 years, presented with signs and symptoms of diarrhea in outpatient department (OPD) or being referred to microbiology department for stool C/S (culture and sensitivity). The sensitivity patterns of the cultured isolates were assessed for standard antibiotics according to the CLSI guidelines (2018), while the two probiotics (Lactobacilli and Saccharomyces boulardii) were evaluated by means of Dried Modification method. The data was analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 19.0. Results: A total number of 325 stool samples were collected, out of which 152 samples were positive for pathogens i.e. E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella typhi. The sensitivity of combination of Lactobacilli for E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella typhi was 28.3%, 25% and 25% respectively. While, for Saccharomyces boulardii the sensitivity for E. coli, Klebsiella and Salmonella typhi was 37%, 32.1% and 25% respectively, which were slightly higher or equivalent to commonly prescribed antibiotics such as Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, Trimethoprim/ Sulfmethoxazole and Nalidixic acid. In comparison, the antibiotics which are not frequently used for infectious diarrhea showed higher sensitivities for all isolated organisms; as for E. coli the highest sensitivity was observed for Amikacin (96.7%), Gentamycin (95.7%) Imipenim (95.7%) and Piperacillin/Tazobactam (84.8%). Moreover, for Klebsiella the highest sensitivity was observed for Imipenim (98.2%), followed by Amikacin (94.6%), Piperacillin/Tazobactam (92.9%) and Gentamycin (89.3%). Conclusion: On in-vitro cultured samples, the two probiotics Lactobacilli and Saccharomyces boulardii have shown slightly higher or equivalent sensitivity in comparison to the most commonly prescribed antibiotics (Amoxicillin/Clavulanic acid, Ceftazidime, Ampicillin, Cefotaxime, Cefuroxime Ceftriaxone, Aztreonam, Trimethoprim/Sulfmethoxazole and Nalidixic acid). However, both probiotics displayed lower sensitivity in comparison to some broad spectrum but less commonly prescribed antibiotics (Amikacin, Gentamycin, Imipenim and Piperacillin/Tazobactam) in our clinical settings.


Wilke has called upon sociologists, observers as well as victims of the caste system, to describe by use of case studies and to analyze the plight of non-tenured faculty and their efforts to survive in an increasingly hostile environment. These stories reveal the human factor, too often slighted or forgotten in discussions of the precarious place of the university in today's society.


Abstract This paper uses the classical theories of liquid crystal physics to formulate the Young-Laplace equation of capillary hydrostatics for interfaces between viscous isotropic (I) fluids and nematic liquid crystals (NLC's). The equation provides an expression of pressure jumps across interfaces and determines the geometry of the interface. In addition, the force balance equation at a capillary point or line singularity containing a nematic surface defect is also derived from first principles. It is shown that the areal pressure balance and the line or point force balance equations provide a complete set to determine the geometry of an interface containing a defect. A new expression for the Peach-Koehler force for surface defects is developed. The contribution of the surface Peach-Koehler force to areal pressure balances is also identified. The equations are applied to solve for the interfacial geometry of a NLC whose free-surface contains a point defect. Consistency of the new approach developed in this paper with previously presented results is demonstrated.


In the low doping range below 1 × 1017 cm−3, carbon was identified as the main defect attributing to the sudden reduction of the electron mobility, the electron mobility collapse, in n-type GaN grown by low pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy has been performed in conjunction with C concentration and the thermodynamic Ga supersaturation model. By controlling the ammonia flow rate, the input partial pressure of Ga precursor, and the diluent gas within the Ga supersaturation model, the C concentration in Si-doped GaN was controllable from 6 × 1019 cm−3 to values as low as 2 × 1015 cm−3. It was found that the electron mobility collapsed as a function of free carrier concentration, once the Si concentration closely approached the C concentration. Lowering the C concentration to the order of 1015 cm−3 by optimizing Ga supersaturation achieved controllable free carrier concentrations down to 5 × 1015 cm−3 with a peak electron mobility of 820 cm2/V s without observing...


Late relapses are exceedingly uncommon in patients with pathologic stage (PS) I non-seminomatous germ cell tumors (NSGCT) of the testis treated with inguinal orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RPLND). We describe an unusual patient with PSI NSGCT who relapsed 40 months after surgery. The only evidence of recurrent disease was an elevated serum alpha-fetoprotein level, and complete remission was achieved following the prompt institution of combination chemotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a late relapse in PSI NSGCT of the testis manifested only as an elevated tumor marker.


In the current significant acceleration of Chinese banking to introduce foreign strategic investors,this paper wants to answer the question,after the introduction of foreign strategic investors,whether the impact of the efficiency of commercial banks has important theoretical significance and practical value.The equity structure of commercial banks can be divided into three class.Based on the theoretical model of stochastic frontier method and the amendment output method a cost and profit equation is built.The empirical study of the efficiency of commorciol Danks with foreign strategic investor in China is qloew.Empirical results show that: the introduction of foreign strategic investors,not only improves the bank's cost efficiency and promotes greater efficiency in the banking profits.The research also shows that The implemantation of "financial restructuring-the introduction of strategic investors-market-improving governance system" improves the efficiency of the banking industry.


A scalar damage measure (DM) for probabilistic performance assessment of structures can be expressed as the critical demand‐to‐capacity ratio corresponding to the component or mechanism that leads the structure closest to failure at the onset of which, the DM assumes the value of one. This DM can be employed to make probabilistic performance assessments taking into account the uncertainty in the ground motion, in the structural modelling parameters, and also in the model(s) used for determining components capacity. Nonlinear dynamic analysis methods can be used to estimate this DM in two ways: (a) applying a (small‐size) set of un‐scaled ground motion records to the structure and (b) using incremental dynamic analysis. Case (a) is suitable for making performance assessments based on demand and capacity factor design format and case (b) is suitable for estimating directly the probability of failure using numerical integration. Performance assessments using this DM are described in a case study of a RC frame in which the critical demand‐to‐capacity ratio is determined by taking into account various modes of failure for the limit state of collapse, such as weak storey mechanisms, shear failure in the columns, and ultimate deformations in the columns. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


Objective To observe the effect of the therapeutics of warming Yang and inducing diuresis with removing blood stasis and clearing away turbidness in retarding the course of chronic renal failure (CRF). Methods Sixty-five patients with CRF were randomly divided into the treated group (33 cases) and the control group (32 cases). Both groups were treated with low-protein diets,controlling hypertension and symptomatic treatment. And Chinese drugs for warming Yang and inducing diuresis with removing blood stasis and clearing away turbidness were given additionally to the treated group. The time (month) for doubling serum creatinine (SCr) level was taken to evaluate the speed of CRF progression. Results In the treated group,the time for SCr increased from (300.5±99.2) μmol/L to (602.0±199.6) μmol/L was (27.6±9.1) months,while in the control group,the time for SCr increased from (296.3±96.8) μmol/L to (598.8±198.4) μmol/L was (17.2±5.7) months. Comparision between the tow groups showed significant difference (P 0.01). Conclusion On the basis of low-protein diets and controlling hypertension therapy,the additional treatment of Chinese drugs for warming Yang and inducing diuresis with removing blood stasis and clearing away turbidness could markedly retard the progression speed of CRF.


Introduction Barbituric acid was first synthesised in 1864 by von Baeyer, and since then its derivatives have had important uses for induction of sedation, hypnosis, seizure control and anaesthesia. Barbiturates are now being used increasingly in attempts to protect against and ameliorate ischaemic anoxic brain damage. This article reviews some aspects of barbiturate pharmacology and discusses evidence for the usefulness of this group of drugs in the management of anoxic states and related conditions.


This article traces the evolution of Belgian writer Nathalie Gassel's writing practices and contends that the space of the text is akin to the artist's own self-construction as an androgynous female bodybuilder. Yet this quest for self-representation also connotes a particular subjective crisis that the writer has lived. Although Gassel represents and embodies a singular example of a woman who has consciously transformed her body into a non-normative representation of Western female physicality, her writings on themes of otherness, marginality and exile allow us to situate her work within the scope of Belgian francophone literature. These writers have turned to literature as a space through which to examine notions of selfhood and subjective identity. Through her writings - both erotic and philosophical - Gassel negotiates the space of the individual in contemporary society and attempts to reconcile a particular type of mindbody dualism that finds its articulation in her own assertion and construction of autonomy.


R500B shake table installed on IWHR 450 g-t geotechnical centrifuge is the first and largest earthquake simulator capable of simulating earthquake in both horizontal and vertical directions in the world.This paper presents the coherence analysis between the exciting waveform and output earthquake waveform based on available experiment data.The shaking mode includes horizontal excitation,vertical excitation and both excitation simultaneously by using an artificial earthquake wave with a frequency range of 90~350 Hz,and the payload is 443 kg in a 30 g centrifugal gravity field.Simulation of a sine wave of 120 Hz is also analyzed.It's shown that R500B shake table has good capability of modeling complex earthquake and sine waves.


Cryogenic propellant storage tank self-pressurization involves complex physical phenomena which are usually analytically modelled via complex multidimensional CFD codes. Unfortunately these codes, even when modelling axisymmetric domains, may takes weeks or longer to obtain transient pressure and temperature information for relatively short periods of time (several seconds to several hours). Propellant tank storage end-to-end mission simulations can last a duration of days to weeks to months. Multi-node modelling of propellant tanks is a viable alternative to traditional CFD modelling and presents the advantage of greatly reduced run times on the order of hours and days compared to the weeks or longer for CFD codes. A multi-node model represents the fluid within the storage tank, as well as the storage tank itself, as a fluid-thermal network. This type of setup is not necessarily geometrically based. This can be accomplished using a commercial generalized fluid-thermal network code, such as SINDA/FLUINT (SF). The advantage of using a fluid-thermal network code like SF lies in its extensive ability to model the external environment of the storage tank through the graphical user interface, Thermal Desktop (TD). The total heat load into the tank may be a function of heaters and a complex radiative environment as well. Thermal Desktop may be used to address the detailed radiative environment of the tank as well as building a geometrically accurate depiction of the storage tank itself.


Database connection is the key technology of database software development.In this paper,the technology of database connection based on ASP.NET has been researched.The main steps of building up a database connection are summed up and the corresponding instances are given.The proposed method can effectively solve the problem of database connection of ASP.NET.


In this experiment, silicon oxide groups (SixOy(OH)(z)) and carbon carbon double bonds (C=C) were introduced onto the PA molecular chains. In the first step, acrylic resins (PA), grafted by organosilicon groups, were prepared by solution polymerization. In the second step, UV curable SixOy(OH)(z)/PA aqueous dispersions, with a high silicon content, were prepared by hydrolyzation and condensation of PA and silane coupling agents (KH-570). Aqueous dispersions possess certain stability when the KH-570 consumption ranges from 0 wt % to 30.0 wt %. With increased content of C=C, the water absorption of UV cured SixOy(OH)(z)/PA aqueous dispersion films soaked in the water for 24 h was decreased from 78% to 0%. Furthermore, heat curing further improved the water tolerance of the UV cured aqueous dispersion films. The water absorption change of the films caused by heat curing could reach up to 17%.


The completion and detail retention of face replacement after face changing are difficult technical problems in face swapping. This paper proposes an efficient and flexible model for face swapping which can realize high-quality face swap and improve the quality of the outputs of the existing networks. The proposed face swapping network is completed by the AEI-Net. After training the AEI-Net (the AEI-Net consists of three subnets: identity encoder, multi-level attribute encoder and ADD generator), the generated image with face change effect can be obtained. In our experiment, we use the training data sets which are CelebA and FFHQ as other face swapping networks to train their model and our model and use the same test data set to evaluate it. After training, it can recover the abnormal area in a self-supervised way. The results show that compared with the state-of-the-arts, our model achieves good performance in terms of the realism of the generated face and the degree of detail reduction.


Cold Fraction IV(FⅣ) paste contains 96.00±13.52g /kg of albumin. 87.44 percent of the albumin (about 83.94±11.11g/kg) could be dissolved in 15 fold volumes of PBS saline from FⅣ pasre, of which 48.18±1.11g/kg of albumin could be recovered by a two step process with a DEAE Affi Gel Blue affinity chromatography and a DEAE Sepharose FF ion exchange chromatography. The recovery rate is 57.40±1.94%(to Fiv solution). The albumin preparation shows a little yellow colour, and is clear. The purity of albumin is 98.28±1.68%, monomer is 97.00±2.1%, and Abs1% 403nm icm 0.028±0.006. The albumin preparation is stable after heat treat at 57℃ for 50 hours. All biochemical index of albumin preparation purified from Fiv paste is capable of meeting the requirement in "Chinese Regulation of biological Products".


This paper introduces the actual situation of the evaluation of farmland productivity of Jiangxi province,analyzes some deficiencies in this work and study,and presents several corresponding countermeasures and suggestions,in order to provide effective reference for the future evaluation of provincial- level farmland productivity.


The rapid advance of terahertz technologies in terms of radiation generators, systems, and scientific or industrial applications has put a particular focus on compact sources with challenging performances in terms of generated power (peak and/or average), radiation time structure, and frequency band tunability. Free electron laser (FEL)-based sources are probably the best candidates to express such a versatility; there are a number of schemes that have been investigated over the years to generate coherent radiation from free electrons in the mm-wave and terahertz regions of the spectrum, covering a wide frequency range from approximately 100 GHz to 10 THz. This paper proposes novel schemes for exploring the limits in the performance of radio frequency-driven free-electron devices in terms of ultrashort pulse duration, wide bandwidth operation, and energy recovery for near continuous wave (CW) operation. The aim of the present work is to demonstrate the feasibility of an FEL achieving performance comparable to a conventional photoconductive THz source, which is commonly used for time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), in terms of bandwidth and pulse duration. We will also demonstrate that a THz FEL could be very powerful and flexible in terms of tailoring its spectral features.


If ethical, physiological and immunological problems can be solved, it is conceivable that the pig will be a future donor species for human xenotransplantation (Cooper et al. 1991). The pig is a discordant species which implies that all humans have natural antibodies reactive against determinants present on most porcine cells. These determinants are present mainly on glycolipids and glycoproteins present on both nucleated cells and on erythrocytes. Most probably, these determinants are oligosaccharide residues, with structures similar to ABO-blood group substances (Szymanowski et al. 1926, Good et al. 1992, Holgersson et al. 1992, Koren et al. 1993). Porcine cells are sensitive to human complement, hence, porcine tissues can be immediately destroyed by antibody-mediated reactions, such as direct cytotoxicity. Natural antibodies react with determinants present on blood leukocytes, endothelial cells and other cells in a xenogeneic graft. Therefore, discordant vascularized grafts are hyperacutely rejected. However, not all cells are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of antibodies. Sensitivity is in part determined


Disclosed is a cup holder used in an automobile. The cup holder used in the automobile comprises a cup holder body and a miniature air pump, wherein the upper end of the cup holder body is open. The cup holder body comprises a base and a circumferential wall. One end of an air inlet pipe is located in an automotive air conditioner air outlet, and the other end of the air inlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet of the miniature air pump. One end of an air outlet pipe is communicated with an air outlet of the miniature air pump, and the other end of the air outlet pipe is communicated with an air inlet formed in the circumferential wall of the cup holder body. The air inlet is formed in the lower portion of the circumferential wall of the cup holder body, and one side wall of the air inlet is tangent with the inner surface of the circumferential wall of the cup holder body. According to the invention, a cup in the cup holder can be cooled or heated through outlet air of an automotive air conditioner, the outlet air of the automotive air conditioner cannot be blocked, and the efficiency of cooling and heating of the cup is relatively high.


This report examines the economic feasibility of a commercial 50,000 barrel per day direct/indirect coal liquefaction (DCL/ICL) facility to produce commercial-grade diesel and naphtha liquids from medium-sulfur bituminous coal. The scope of the study includes capital and operating cost estimates, sensitivity analysis and a comparative financial analysis. Based on plant capacity of 50,000BPD, employing Illinois #6 bituminous coal as feed coal the total capital cost appeared 3,994,858,000(DCL) and 4,942,976,000(ICL). Also, the internal rate of return of DCL/ICL appeared 13.27% and 12.68% on the base condition. In this case, coal price and sale price of products were the most influence factors. And ICL's payback period(6.8 years) was longer than DCL's (6.6 years). According to sensitivity analyses, the important factors on DCL/ICL processes were product sale price, feed coal price and the capital cost in order.


This thesis represents the first urban case study of public houses at all levels of the victualling hierarchy (inns, taverns and alehouses) in an early modern English context. Moving beyond representational economies, and emphasising social practice, the study mobilises the administrative, judicial and fiscal records of the borough and port of Southampton to reconstruct a 'landscape of drink' in all its institutional variety: its geographical and physical dispositions; the agents who made livelihoods and joined company in it; a full range of social, economic and political functions; and its relationship to public order and urban stability. The study emphasises the local particularity of the topographical, socio-economic and jurisdictional frameworks that structured public drinking spaces and cultures, and, drawing on interdisciplinary impulses from cultural geography and architectural theory, pays particular attention to the constitutive role of the material and spatial properties of early modern public houses in determining the range and meaning of the activities which they enclosed. Far from being regarded as problematic or marginal spatial constituents of the early modern port, these distinctive urban locales emerge as central to the imaginative, economic and social worlds of early modern town-dwellers and visitors as well as to the governing strategies of the corporation itself.


In August of 2001, Surgeon General David Satcher issued a landmark reporton mental health services for racial and ethnicminorities.1 Itshowed striking disparities in mental health care for these groups—lessaccess, availability, use, and poorer quality — that impose a greaterdisability burden on minorities. Specifically, Asian Americans and PacificIslanders have the lowest rate of mental health care use among the minoritypopulations, regardless of gender, age, and geographic location. Whatsolutions did Satcher propose?

One of his six recommendations involved improving access to treatment. Oneof the methods suggested to improve access was integrating mental health andprimary care. This could be accomplished in two ways: first, by strengtheningthe capacity of primary care physicians to provide mental health servicesdirectly, and second, by encouraging the integration of primary care andmental health services. The rationale was to respond to the preference of someminorities to receive mental health care in the primary care setting. Reasonsfor this preference include the stigma and shame of mental illness and thefact that many patients would not seek specialist mental health servicesbecause they do not view their problems as psychiatric in nature.

It is particularly important for primary care physicians to be alert tothese problems

Primary care physicians see large numbers of patients with psychiatricsymptoms and disorders. Like psychiatrists, they prescribe psychotropicmedications. Given the especially low use of mental health services by AsianAmericans and Pacific Islanders, it is particularly important for primary carephysicians to be alert to these problems and disorders among patients fromthese populations.

Knowing how to interview, assess, diagnose, and treat psychiatric symptomsand disorders can be challenging when caring for patients from culturallydiverse backgrounds, both similar to and different from the provider's. Thearticles in this issue of wjm give primary care physicians specifictools and methods to approach these tasks with Asian Americans and PacificIslanders in a culturally sensitive and responsive manner. The material isconsistent with and grows out of recent work in cultural psychiatry asembodied in the DSM-IV Outline for CulturalFormulation.2

The Institute of Medicine March 2002 report, Unequal Treatment:Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in HealthCare,3reiterated for health care in general the same conclusions the Surgeon Generalmade for mental health: significant disparities exist in the quality of healthcare between racial and ethnic minorities and non-minorities. Analysis of theclinical encounter yielded evidence that stereotypes, bias, and uncertainty onthe part of the provider are important factors, among many other clinical andsystem factors, that contributed to these disparities. One recommendationcited in the report was to integrate cross-cultural education into thetraining of all current and future health professionals.

Hopefully, this issue of wjm will help to educate healthprofessionals and so reduce racial disparities in mental health care andimprove health care in general for Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders.


Method for effectiveness evaluation of fighter's Radar Location Pack(RLPK)in beyond visual range air combat was discussed.By analyzing typical working states of RLPK in beyond visual range air combat,effectiveness indexes were presented by probabilistic analytical method.Using probabilistic theory,effectiveness models of RLPK were established respectively for the different stages as long-distance guidance,search and detection/identification,threat evaluation and firepower distribution,small area search/interception/tracking,and guidance stage of air-to-air missiles.Examples indicated that:1) the shorter the operation cycle and the better anti-jamming capability,the better effectiveness of system in beyond visual range air combat;2) the target and firepower distribution stage has little effect on single fighter single target air combat,but has great influence on single fighter,multi-target and multi-fighter,multi-target air combats.


Insufficient spatial coverage of existing land-cover data is a common limitation to timely and effective spatial analysis. Achieving spatial completeness of land-cover data is the most challenging for large study areas which straddle ecological or administrative boundaries, and where individuals and agencies lack access to, and the means to process, raw data from which to derive spatially complete land-cover maps. In many cases, various sources of secondary data are available, so that land-cover map assimilation and synthesis can resolve this research problem. The following paper develops a reliable and repeatable framework for assimilating and synthesizing pre-classified data sets. Assimilation is achieved through data reformatting and map legend reconciliation in the context of a specific application. Individual maps are assessed for accuracy at various geographic scales and levels of thematic precision, with an emphasis on the 'area of overlap', in order to extract information that guides the synthesis process. The quality of the synthesized land-cover data set is evaluated using advanced accuracy assessment methods, including a measure describing the 'magnitude of disagreement'. This method is applied to derive a seamless thematic map of the land cover of eastern Ontario from two disparate map series. The importance of assessing data quality throughout the process using multiple reference data sets is highlighted, and limitations of the method are discussed.


The present invention relates to a pattern recognition based method for detecting Pool bidirectional machine, the method comprising: (1) shows the state of each infrared tubes with four variables; (2) according to step (1) of the four variables IR value and the current state of the tube, is determined through the Pool-forward mode or a machine model; (3) according to step (2) is determined and the corresponding model variable values comprehensive judgment, whether by someone; (4) repeating step (1) - (3). The present invention is by using a single-chip state infrared tube real-time detection and processing according to the collected data, the determination of the personnel access, this method saves CPU resources, higher real-time detection, speed by personnel did not special needs, adaptability, and no need to increase the number of infrared tubes, or when someone brings something is waved by a big margin will not cause erroneous judgment, but also has anti-tail function.


Information about a technique of an assessment of resistance of protective decorative coatings is provided. The method is based on an assessment of physicsmechanical properties and processing of facsimiles of coatings surface.


The course of somatic nuclear division was investigated in randomly and synchronously dividing populations of Ustilago violacea. Interphase nuclei with diffuse chromatin are found in the sporidia j...


The advent of exchange traded funds (ETFs) has rendered index trading much affordable compared to their futures counterparts. The present study attempts to examine the impact of ETF listing on the price of the constituent securities of the index that it aims to track. The sample comprises of all the equity ETFs listed in India from 1 January 2002 to 31 March 2019. Event study analysis has been used to examine whether listing of ETFs bore any price impact on the constituent stocks of ETFs. To account for robustness, both parametric and non-parametric tests have been employed. The estimates obtained from event study analysis revealed that the constituent stocks generated insignificant returns for the period extending from January 2002 to March 2009 and April 2009 to March 2013 but positive and significant cumulative average abnormal returns (CAARs) post ETF listing for the period ranging from April 2013 to March 2019, thus providing evidence in support of positive price impact. The permission granted to pension funds, insurers and Employees' Provident Fund Organisation (EPFO) to invest their funds in ETFs as well as reduction in Securities Transaction Tax (STT) account for the observed price differential. An analysis of the factors accounting for the variation in valuation effects ascertained that the stocks that were traded thinly prior to ETF listing and those forming part of ETFs with larger asset base experienced positive price impact following ETF listing. JEL Codes: G11, G14