In order to possess magnetic properties in the Mg-based composite materials, pure magnesium and Ni–Cu–Zn ferrite (FR) powders were mechanically alloyed (MAed) using a vibrational ball mill, and the produced composite powders were consolidated into the bulk materials by spark plasma sintering (SPS) . Solid-state reaction, hardness, microstructure and magnetic properties of the bulk materials were characterised by X-ray diffraction, Vickers hardness, optical microscopy and vibrating sample magnetometer, respectively. Solid-state reactions between Mg and FR in the bulk materials occurred to form α-Fe and MgO at a sintering temperature of 673 K. In contrast, the formation of Fe3C occurred at 773 K and 873 K. The Vickers hardness of the bulk materials fabricated from MAed 8 h powder at 773 K showed the highest value of 198 HV. This is due to an increase of composite phases formed the intermetallic compounds, such as MgO, α-Fe and Fe3C as increasing MA time. The magnetic property (magnetization) of the bulk materials fabricated at 673 K exhibited the highest value of 1.0×10−5 Wbm/kg due to the formation of α-Fe. The magnetic property (magnetization) of the bulk materials decreased due to the formation of Fe3C as increasing sintering temperature. Ferromagnetism of the Mg-based composite materials was enhanced by the formation of the α-Fe and Fe3C.


Owing to the increasing importance of Termites in the Pacific Sta tes to the south of us , it seems not out of place at this time to bring toge ther certain no tes on the distributi on and some of the outstanding characte ristics of the Te rmite species of British Columbia. The distri~ hutiona l re co rds are taken from the co llections at the U niversity and the habits a re described from personal unpublished notes supplied by Professor G. J. Spe nce r and by quotations from Banks' a nd Snyder's "Revision of the Nea rctic Termites," supplemented by some of m y own observations. 1 am indebted to Professo r Spencer fo r supplying me with his notes and for permission to use the materia l at the Cniversity, which is mostly of his ow n collecting.


Abstract Onifade, A.A. and Abu, O.A. 1998. Productive response of rabbits to supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs. J. Appl. Anim. Res., 13: 129–135. Effects of supplemental copper in a diet based on tropical feedstuffs on productive performance, carcass measurements and haematology of rabbits were investigated in a 70d trial. Copper as CUSO4.5H2O was supplemented at 0, 125, 250 and 375 mg kg−1 into a basal diet. The basal diet served as control treatment. Eight rabbits, each constituting a replicate, were fed on one of the experimental diets. The results showed that daily weight gain and feed intake of the rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg−1 supplemental copper were the highest followed by rabbits fed 125 mg kg−1 and the basal diet. Relative weights of the selected organs were similar except for the brain that tended to be lower in rabbits fed 250 and 375 mg kg−1 copper. Haemoglobin, packed cell volume and red blood counts were lower on 375 mg kg−1, however, haematological indices in rab...


When the number of variables p is larger than the sample size n of a dataset generated from a Gaussian Graphical Model, the maximum likelihood estimation of the precision matrix does not exist. To circumvent this difficulty, in [14], the authors assume a faithful property on the models and propose a procedure based on conditioning on only one variable. The aim of this paper is to devise a new PC-algorithm (partial correlation), uPC-algorithm, for estimating a high dimension undirected graph associated to a faithful Gaussian Graphical Model. First, we define the separability order of a graph as the maximum cardinality among all its minimal separators. We construct a sequence of graphs by increasing the number of the conditioning variables. We prove that these graphs are nested and at a limited stage, equal to the separability order, this sequence is constant and equal to the true graph. In this paper, we devise two algorithms. The first computes the separability order of a graph and the second is the uPC-algorithm. Thus we estimate the true graph from a given dataset by a step-down procedure based on a recursive estimation of the nested graphs. We show on simulated data its accuracy and consistency.


Chemicals pose every day a continuous hazard to both human health and environment. Unfortunately, Information about chemicals Mode of Action (MoA) for most of these compounds is limited. Development of approaches able to elucidate chemicals mechanisms of action is needed in order to improve risk assessment. Environmental omics aims to provide tools and methodologies to address these goals. Omics technologies in combination with system biology approaches have the potential to provide a powerful toolbox for understanding chemicals mode of action and consequently the outcomes these compounds trigger. The work presented in this thesis demonstrates the effectiveness of such approach in the context of environmentally relevant species. More specifically I focused on characterization of single chemical and chemical class toxicity mechanism in zebrafish embryos (Danio rerio) and in a fish gill cell line (Rainbow trout) and I demonstrated that the transcriptional state of an in vitro system exposed to a panel of environmentally relevant chemicals can be used as a biosensor to predict toxicity in an in vivo system. I also developed a computational model of ovary development in Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and used this to successfully identify chemical compounds with the ability to affect reproduction. Lastly, I developed a method to identify novel endocrine disrupting compounds in Daphnia magna supporting the use of this species for rapid screening in risk assessment. My results demonstrated the potential of system biology and data-driven science in identifying novel mechanisms of environmental toxicity and to develop a set of biomarkers for monitoring purposes. Further development building on these findings could potentially lead to improvements in risk assessment.


Abstract— The uptake‐storage properties and synthesis of noradrenaline, and fluorescence morphology of adrenergic nerves which have been allowed to regenerate for 4 weeks after a chemical sympathectomy produced by 6‐hydroxydopamine have been investigated in mouse iris and atrium. The regenerated nerve terminals displayed a lower formaldehyde‐induced fluorescence intensity whereas the non‐terminal axons exhibited a stronger fluorescence intensity and a more beaded appearance compared with mature nerves. The endogenous noradrenaline concentration after 6‐hydroxydopamine was 30% in iris and 45% in atrium compared to control values. Recovery of [3H]noradrenaline uptake was found to be more rapid than that of endogenous noradrenaline concentration after the 6‐hydroxydopamine treatment. [3H]Noradrenaline uptake in regenerating and adult mature nerves both obeyed Michaelis‐Menten kinetics having identical Km values. There was a close correlation between [3H]noradrenaline uptake and nerve density of adrenergic nerves regenerated after 6‐hydroxydopamine. These results show that [3H]noradrenaline uptake is a better index for the number of regenerated nerve terminals than is the endogenous noradrenaline concentration. The retention of [3H]noradrenaline taken up and accumulated in vitro was about the same in regenerated and mature nerves, although a slight tendency to less effective retention was observed in the regenerated nerves. Subcellular distribution studies showed that relatively less [3H]noradrenaline was recovered in the microsomal fraction after 6‐hydroxydopamine treatment. The formation of 14C‐labelled catecholamines from [14C]DOPA was higher in regenerating nerves than indicated by the endogenous noradrenaline concentration but lower than that indicated by the [3H]noradrenaline. It is concluded that the regenerating nerves contain less endogenous noradrenaline than adult mature nerves and that the uptake mechanism develops promptly, whereas the development of the storage mechanism lags behind.


Abstract : This report describes modifications completed for the SMITE code in transforming the axisymmetric version to plane flow. Details of several test calculations are also presented.


A diet high in fiber is associated with a decreased incidence and growth of colon cancers. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid product of fiber fermentation within the colon, appears to mediate these salutary effects. We sought to determine the molecular mechanism by which butyrate mediates growth inhibition of colonic cancer cells and thereby to elucidate the molecular link between a high-fiber diet and the arrest of colon carcinogenesis. We show that concomitant with growth arrest, butyrate induces p21 mRNA expression in an immediate-early fashion, through transactivation of a promoter cis-element(s) located within 1.4 kb of the transcriptional start site, independent of p53 binding. Studies using the specific histone hyperacetylating agent, trichostatin A, and histone deacetylase 1 indicate that growth arrest and p21 induction occur through a mechanism involving histone hyperacetylation. We show the critical importance of p21 in butyrate-mediated growth arrest by first confirming that stable overexpression of the p21 gene is able to cause growth arrest in the human colon carcinoma cell line, HT-29. Furthermore, using p21-deleted HCT116 human colon carcinoma cells, we provide convincing evidence that p21 is required for growth arrest to occur in response to histone hyperacetylation, but not for serum starvation nor postconf luent growth. Thus, p21 appears to be a critical effector of butyrate-induced growth arrest in colonic cancer cells, and may be an important molecular link between a high-fiber diet and the prevention of colon carcinogenesis. Cancer of the colon is the third most common cancer in the United States and the second leading cause of death from cancer, affecting both men and women equally (1). Numerous epidemiological and experimental studies have identified an association between a high-fiber diet and a decreased incidence and growth of colon cancer (2). It appears that the key to these protective effects of dietary fiber lie in the production of butyrate by bacterial fiber fermentation within the colon. Butyrate, a four-carbon short-chain fatty acid, is a natural component of the colonic milieu and has been shown to inhibit the growth of colonic carcinoma cells, both in vivo, as in the prevention and decreased growth of chemically induced colonic cancers in the rat (3), and in vitro in many colorectal cancer cell lines such as HT-29 and LIM1215 (4, 5). Interestingly, the concentrations of butyrate that cause growth inhibition in vitro are similar to those measured within the mammalian colon (6). Although the molecular mechanisms by which butyrate mediates its effects are not well understood, it is known to induce a variety of changes within the nucleus, including histone hyperacetylation and DNA methylation (7, 8). Of these changes, histone hyperacetylation has been the most extensively studied. Core histones, which package DNA into nucleosomes, can be acetylated on the «-amino groups of specific lysine residues of the N-terminal tails. Acetylation and deacetylation are catalyzed by specific enzymes, histone acetyltransferase and deacetylase, respectively, with the net level of acetylation controlled by an equilibrium between these two enzymes. Butyrate causes histone hyperacetylation through a noncompetitive and reversible inhibition of histone deacetylase (9). Histone hyperacetylation generally has been associated with both a decrease in cell growth and the activation of specific genes (10, 11), effects similar to those of butyrate. Effects of butyrate attributable to histone hyperacetylation can be assessed by comparing the effects of butyrate to those of (R)-trichostatin A (TSA), a compound structurally unrelated to butyrate, which has been shown to be a very potent and specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase at very low concen-


The purpose of this study was to establish the contribution education has on Entrepreneurship management and its effect on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Chipata District of Zambia. Entrepreneurs remain key relevant partners in the economic development of any country globally, and Chipata district is no exception. Due to the lack of clear evidence as to how successful educated entrepreneurs are managing their businesses in Chipata district of Zambia, this study was aimed at assessing the contribution of education to SMEs in Chipata District. The study was limited to Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Chipata district, town centre. The study implored a descriptive cross-sectional study design to address the research questions. Questionnaires were used as means of collecting data from the business owners. The study sampled 60 business units in Chipata district. The sample was identified by means of specific purposive sampling. All ethical considerations were taken account. The findings showed that most of the entrepreneurs did not possess qualifications that were higher than a first degree, however some entrepreneurs made some efforts to study business courses at local universities. The findings also showed that the SMEs' owners accepted and agreed that employees that had attained some business qualifications added value to the management of the business.


Evidence supportive of estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) in the climacteric is discussed. Various studies have shown ERT to afford protection against osteoporosis degeneration of muscle tone cardiac disorders in intact and ovariectomized women and breast and other cancers. ERT has also been shown to increase plasma levels of free tryptophan with a concomitant improvement in emotional depression. Good results have been obtained with ERT in the treatment of depression in hysterectomized women. Though there is an increased risk of thrombosis in women taking oral contraceptives the dose required for ERT is lower than that required to prevent ovulation. Further ERT should utilize naturally occurring estrogens rather than synthetic estrogens. It is recommended that ERT be provided on a cyclical basis to women with an intact uterus in order to prevent endometrial hyperplasia. Some physicians recommend the addition of progesterone during the last 5 days of the menstrual cycle. Currently operating public menopause clinics in Great Britain are noted.


Background: Anxiety is one of the psychological factors that affect hypertension. Intense, excessive, and persistent worry and fear regarding everyday situations. The Purpose This study aims to determine the effect of Murottal Al-Qur'an on reducing anxiety in the elderly with hypertension at Paguyaman Pantai Health Center. Methods: This study was carried out for two weeks using a quasi-experimental method with a two group pre-posttest design approach, namely the measurement was carried out by giving initial observations before being given an intervention, after that an intervention was given, then a posttest or final observation was carried out. There are 20 samples who suffer from anxiety where 10 people in the intervention group murottal Al-Qur'an and 10 people in the control group without murottal Al-Qur'an. The instrument used was the Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (SAS/SRAS) questionnaire. Analysis of the data in this study using Univariate Analysis and Bivariate Analysis. Bivariate analysis using Lambda Test Statistical Test. Results: The results showed that there were differences in the level of pre and post anxiety in the intervention group given Murottal Al-Qur'an, with a p-value of 0.001 or p?0.05, meaning there was a significant difference. Conclusion: The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of murottal Al-Qur'an on reducing anxiety in the elderly with hypertension at the Paguyaman Beach Community Health Center.


The goal of this study was to examine the effects of perceived risks toward GMO (Genetically Modified Organism) food on the decision-making to purchase it and demands to reveal its Identity. The major results were as follows. First, consumers strongly perceived the risk toward GMO food, and demanded labeling to identify it. But, many consumers had indecisive in the purchase of GMO food. Second, consumers with high level of perceived risks toward GMO food were more likely not to buy GMO food. In addition, the level of perceived risk was high among consumers who had many children. Finally, consumers with high level of perceived risks toward GMO food were more likely to demand the labelling for identifying GMO food. Consumers who had many children and high level of reliability for labelling food safety strongly demanded to label for revealing GMO food.


The invention discloses a fire-fighting material with excellent smoke suppression for spraying in a coal mine and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of the fire-fighting material. The fire-fighting material is prepared from the components by weight percent: 60-80% of polyving akohol flame-resistant material and 20-40% of ammonium molybdate, which are mutually mixed and evenly stirred, wherein the polyving akohol flame-resistant material is prepared from 3-7% of polyving akohol, 1-4% of phosphoric acid, 1-4% of urea, 8-25% of white emulsion, 17-33% of inorganic aggregate and running water in a reaction manner; and the inorganic aggregate is one or any combination of more of kaoline, talcum powder and mica powder. By adopting the method, the smoke suppression of the material is greatly improved; and only a trace of smoke is generated in a combustion process.


There is a tendency for the archaic and classical periods to be seen as the culmination of Delphic (and Greek) history, which is an outcome of the fact that these periods coincide with the most studied heyday of Greece history and literature. Although the short-sightedness of such approaches has been repeatedly criticised, it remains difficult to shed biases which prioritise Athenianand classical-era-centredness, a difficulty which is felt most acutely when one admits that classical Athens produced a treasure trove of historical evidence, against which we necessarily juxtapose every other polis from every other period of antiquity. In contrast to poleis which peaked in the classical era, the evidence concerning Delphi shows how the city continued to develop after the classical age and reached new heights in the Hellenistic and Roman eras; when Pausanias visited Delphi in the second century CE, it remained an important religious and cultural hub. In this volume it has been my intention, incomplete as it may be, to shed new light on Hellenistic and Roman Delphi, and, by making extensive use of hitherto unanalysed evidence, examine the dataset of Delphic honorific culture as an eye-opening case-study, offering new research avenues for scholars interested in Greek gift-giving systems, euergetism, and generally the Greek epigraphic tradition. The development and character of the Delphic honorific culture sprang from the unique opportunities offered by Delphi's renowned oracular sanctuary and the fame and importance it conferred upon the city. A bustling and urbane polis, Delphi in the Hellenistic period attracted thousands of visitors from all over the Mediterranean, including pilgrims, athletes, theoroi, artists, 'men of letters' and tourists; this large and multiregional audience made Delphi a perfect location for those looking to display their generosity and wealth to the masses. Benefactions to the Delphic polis were rewarded with various honours: gifts, privileges, exemptions, celebratory inscriptions and material accolades, such as statues and portraits. Different factors vividly distinguish Delphic honorific culture among its counterparts. For example, there is (1) the sheer number and heterogeneity of recipients of Delphic gifts. Chapter 4 of this monograph discussed the analysed material sample – over 950 epigraphically recorded honorands, with a wide geographical and chronological scope, their hometown locations spanning from Massalia (modern Marseille) to Pantikapaion on the eastern shore of Kimmeria, and whose decree dates ranged from the early fourth century BCE up to the late fourth century CE. The second highly characteristic feature of the Delphic epigraphic habit is (2) the wealth and


Customers on a fashion e-commerce platform although expressing their clothing preferences through combined imagery and textual information, they are limited to retrieve with single-round fixed inputs. At the same time, large language models (LLMs) have been gaining attention across various fields. ChatGPT is a remarkable example of an LLM, known for its user-friendly language interface, impressive conversational proficiency, and reasoning abilities. To this end, we propose Fashion-GPT, a system paradigm that integrates ChatGPT with a pool of AI models in the fashion domain to achieve a multi-round multi-modal search. Specifically, it enables the system to utilize the LLMs for understanding user queries, select retrieval models based on their function descriptions, execute each subtask with the selected fashion models, and leverage LLMs to summarize the response corresponding to the execution results. In order to boost the performance dominated by AI experts, we also introduce a novel pre-trained framework called 3M (short for Multi-view Multi-modal Matching). In particular, unlike prior studies that rely solely on one-to-one matching on image-text pair, 3M incorporates multiple texts describing the same image to achieve one-to-many alignment. Maximizing mutual information between features extracted from these views boosts capturing information about high-level factors that influence multiple views, such as the occurrence of specific objects. In addition, with the advantage of the characteristics of fashion data, multi-view images from the same product, like front-view and side-view, are naturally suitable for intra-modal self-alignment. Therefore, 3M also introduces an intra-modal contrastive objective to provide additional benefits in representation learning from the image perspective. To the best of our knowledge, our framework is the first to consider one-to-many mapping for multi-modality representation learning. Experimental evaluations demonstrate that our fashion experts are competitive and achieve state-of-the-art performance, bringing a +3.47% R@10 boost on Fashion-200K and +1.98% R@10 boost on the Fashion-IQ dress dataset compared to the previous SOTA results.


Objective: Butterfly graft inlay tympanoplasty is a well‐established technique for the repair of small perforations. However, the efficacy of the technique for medium and large tympanic membrane perforations remains unknown.


When studying or quantifying any type of process or property, a correct use of the methodology and/or the instrumentation is of utmost importance. Probably no single instrument, technique, model or method provides the perfect solution to quantify, e.g. the water flux of a forest (or of any other ecosystem type). As was clearly indicated on page 231 of the Meiresonne et al. (2003) paper, the objectives of our paper were: (i) to compare different methods and techniques; (ii) to identify and evaluate the strengths and shortcomings of each approach; and (iii) to try to quantify the water flux between the forest ecosystem and the atmosphere. Our objectives neither included the validation of the WAVE (Vanclooster et al., 1994) or SECRETS (Sampson and Ceulemans, 1999; Sampson et al., 2001) model, nor the promotion or evaluation of one or another method, but a relative comparison. After our study, we still believe that there is no perfect technique or model or approach to obtain the water flux of the forest. The discussion should be focused on how to further improve our techniques, models and instruments.


In this study a newly designed and electro-osmotic micro-mixer is proposed. This design is comprised of a channel and metal electrodes attached in the local side wall surface. To investigate the flow patterns a numerical method is employed. To obtain the flow patterns numerical computation are performed by using a commercial code, CFD-ACE. The fluid-flow solutions are then cast into studying the characteristics of stirring with aid the Mixing index Focus is given the effect on the electro osmotic flow characteristics under the curvature variation in the microchannel with the local of the electric field.


The experiments on the plasma heat pulse to the detached recombining helium plasma associated with the volumetric radiative and three-body recombination (EIR) have been performed in a linear divertor plasma simulator. Detailed observations of the time evolution of plasma parameters and helium Balmer series spectra show that the dynamic response of the detached recombining plasma to the heat pulse depends strongly on the heat transport through energetic electrons generated by the heat pulse. For the detached recombining plasma with a relatively low neutral pressure, it was found that the EIR is not sufficient to suppress an increase of ion flux to the target plate during the pulse. Several key characteristic time scales involved in this system are also analyzed.


We five construction site neighborhood changes; and Long-term construction is with and with greater negative impacts on vulner-able populations. Current NYC mitigation policies are based on general population and need revisions to consider impacts for the most vulnerable, e.g. older adults and children, to mitigate adverse health outcomes. Findings were shared with City Council members and resulted in enacting specific recommended mitigation strategies, e.g. double paned windows, etc. Seniors are highly susceptible to the effects of air pollution, noise, and environmental changes, with exposure associated with higher morbidity, mortality, and social iso-lation. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: Long-term construction may pose serious health implications for seniors resid-ing near construction sites. Standards and guidelines for the general population may not protect them. Community-driven coalitions, like community-academic partnerships, can successfully advance community priorities and inform strategies to protect the elderly. ABSTRACT IMPACT: The broad goal of this investigation is to inform the development of culturally sensitive HIV prevention strategies to reduce specific challenges pertaining to PrEP uptake and uti-lization for Latino men. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: HIV is a significant public health concern affecting Latinos in the U.S. Daily use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) effectively prevents HIV infection and has the potential to curb HIV epidemics. The objective of this study is to examine how sociocultural variables impact PrEP-related services among HIV-negative Latinxs. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: The current study is a mixed-method investigation. Participants will include Latinx adult patients seeking services at an HIV community clinic. Approximately 150 participants will be recruited for the study. Participants who are eligible will complete sociocultural, mental health and PrEP-related measures. For the applied aim, community stakeholders will be recruited who serve the Latinx community. Upon completion of data collection, the data analytic plan is as fol-lows: Aim 1, to establish the relationship ABSTRACT IMPACT: This study will be used to culturally tailor interventions to reduce maternal and infant health disparities in a Marshallese community. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Inadequate prenatal care is associated with adverse birth outcomes including preterm births, low birth weight infants, and neonatal mortality. Marshallese Pacific Islanders are less likely to receive early and consistent prenatal care compared to other racial/ethnic groups and are thus at a higher risk for maternal and infant health disparities. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: This article used a qualitative comparative analysis method to compare and contrast the perceived barriers to prenatal ABSTRACT IMPACT: Analyzing the types of technical assistance (basic, targeted or intensive) provided by the Opioid Response Network (ORN) to unique and hard-to-reach populations (UHRP) informs addiction health services and translational research by identifying technical assistance needs in these populations which may require a higher level of intensity. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: To improve ORN dissemination and implementation efforts, the project classifies TA requests into one of three categories: basic, targeted, and intensive. This TA Framework assists the ORN project team in understanding the level of TA required in the delivery of evi-dence-based practices to address opioids with communities with respect to UHRP. requests from April 1, 2019, to April 2020, were selected. The ORN classifies TA requests in one of three categories: basic (dissemination & brief consultation), targeted (services to enhance readiness and capacity), and intensive (full incorporation of innovation considering


This paper re-examines Pasinetti's vertically integrated, multi-sector and pure labor economic system for the case of integrating a developing country into the world economy. A formal treatment of full employment and equilibrium in the trade balance are both analysed. Structural change is considered to establish the conditions and under which there are gains (in income and learning) from international trade. Pasinetti's natural system is extended by finding the "natural" exchange rate, that is: the one proportional to relative labor productivity.


The kinetics of isobutylene (IB) polymerization initiated by the 2-chloro-2,4,4-trimethylpentane (TMPCl)/TiCl4 in methylcyclohexane (MeCHx)/methyl chloride (MeCl) or hexane (Hx)/MeCl 60/40 v/v at −80 °C were investigated in the range of [TMPCl]0/[TiCl4]0 > 1 using a real-time fiber-optic mid-IR monitoring technique. The rate of IB consumption was monitored by following the disappearance of the 1655 cm-1 IR band, characteristic of the C C stretching vibration. Both the area and the height of the 1655 cm-1 band were found to be directly proportional to IB concentration under the conditions investigated. From polymerization rate data the overall rate constant kp' = kpKeq was calculated, where kp is the rate constant of propagation and Keq = k1/k-1 is the equilibrium constant for the dormant/active equilibrium characteristic of living IB polymerization. The investigation revealed that kp' was very sensitive to solvent quality. kp' ≈ 0.5−1.7 L2 mol-2 s-1 was found using MeCHx, while kp'≈ 1.7−3.4 L2 mol-2 s-1 w...


DISCUSSION Lipomas are the most common mesenchymal neoplasms of adults and a number of different histological subtypes have been described. In 1996, Mai et al reported the first case of a vascular myxolipoma or angiomyxolipoma arising as a tender mass in the left spermatic cord of a 32-year-old male. Subsequent cases have been described in the posterior mediastinum, transverse colon, knee joint, and buccal mucosa. Most angiomyxomas, however, seem to arise within the skin, typically in the subcutis. Usually without symptoms, occasional lesions are tender. Surgical extirpation without recurrence is the rule. Grossly, these lesions exhibit a yellowish fatty to gelatinous appearance with occasional areas of pink or red. They are unencapsulated and at low power demonstrate an admixture of thinto thick-walled blood vessels with single and aggregated adipocytes set in a background mucinous stroma. Vessels both with and without thrombus have been reported. Myxoid areas demonstrate variable number of CD34 and vimentin-positive spindle cells. The mature lipocytes are S-100+ and scattered lymphocytes and mast cells have also been reported. Necrosis, atypia, mitotic figures, and lipoblasts are absent. Unlike with angiomyolipomas, HMB-45 staining is negative. Ultrastructually, areas of transition between the myxoid component and the lipomatous component demonstrate cells with variably sized intracytoplasmic lipid droplets believed to represent evolving adipocytes. Balanced and unbalanced chromosome 13 aberrations have been previously reported in lipomas. Sciot et al noted t(7;13)(p15;q13) and t(8;12)(q12;p13) translocations in an angiomyxoma. Spindle cell and pleomorphic lipomas exhibit similar genetic abnormalities. Angiolipomas, myxolipomas, and angiomyolipomas typically do not show similar chromosomal aberrations. Kahlen et al also found abnormalities in chromosome 13 in an angiomyxolipoma. The differential diagnosis for angiomyxolipomas includes spindle cell lipoma and its variants (myxoid, vascular, pseudoangiomatous), angiolipoma, angiomyxoma, angiomyolipoma, and angiomyofibroblastoma. Spindle cell lipomas usually exhibit "ropy" collagen, something not found in angiomyxolipomas and the pattern of vascular proliferation is different in the former compared with the latter. Angiolipomas have a morphologically dissimilar component of vascular structures and fail to exhibit mucin. Angiomyolipomas also lack mucin and display a smooth muscle component. Angiomyxomas lacks an adipocyte component and typically demonstrate a mixed inflammatory infiltrate with neutrophils. Angiomyofibroblastoma is a tumor almost always restricted to the vulva without a lipomatous element.


AbstractAs a new delivery mode, integrated project delivery (IPD) relies on highly trust-based collaboration among project parties. Thus, selecting the appropriate parties is important for successful IPD. Although traditional selection methods, which are primarily based on only the lowest tender price or multiple criteria other than price, can help select parties that can complete an integrated project, they are not completely suitable for IPD when trust and collaborative relationship among the project parties are considered. To improve upon this shortcoming of established methods, a new method based on the concept of an interorganizational transactive memory system (I-TMS) is established in this paper. The I-TMS drives group members to be mutually trusting and cooperatively integrate their professional knowledge, which reflects the idea of collaboration that underlies IPD. In this study, party selection for IPD was achieved via two processes. First, this study developed an I-TMS rating scale and conducte...


The maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII and leaf gas film production after 10 days of complete submergence at the tillering stage was compared among six Thai rice varieties. The treatments included two growth conditions (normal growing condition as control and complete submergence). The control group was treated with the conventional growing method in plastic pots, while the complete submergence was artificially simulated and transferred into plastic tubs at 15 days after transplanting with 1-meter depth of water. Compared with the control group, the submerged group showed significant increases in plant height. The flood tolerance variety, Chonlasit, presented a small increase, but there was a non-significant difference in plant elongation after submergence compared with susceptible varieties, PSL2, PTT, RD51, RD61, and KDML105. Chonlasit showed the greatest percentage of plant survival with 91.67%, while RD61 showed the lowest with 72.55%. Leaf gas films of all six varieties were observed after 6 hrs of submergence. Chonlasit and PSL2 presented much volume of leaf gas films in comparison with other varieties. There was little change in the maximum quantum yield efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm) of the flood tolerance variety, Chonlasit. In contrast, the Fv/Fm value of susceptible varieties decreased significantly.


Academic scholarship is something that we have always sought to quantify. Journal impact factor, CiteScore, h-index, hi-10, and the alternative metrics (Altmetrics) are terms that are familiar to seasoned academics. Junior scholars are often advise to use bibliometric and publication metrics to decide where to send their work. Whether we are talking about journal-level, article-level, or person-level metrics, these are all human constructs that have arisen as ways to quantify the reach and impact of our academic work. In the paper by Boudreaux and colleagues in this issue of Academic Emergency Medicine, we are introduced to a new way to benchmark scholarly productivity for faculty members. Using a normbased methodology (e.g., publications over a certain amount of time) and impact (e.g., citations that each publication gets within that group) to compare an individuals' scholarly output against that of his or her peers. We congratulate the authors on taking on this difficult problem. So often, external letters for promotion state "Based on their productivity, I believe this person would be promoted at my institution" are at best an estimate and likely a guess. Similarly, tools that go beyond popularity contests and provide metric-based benchmarks for an individual (or even a departments productivity) are welcome. But, in this editorial we ask: Are the metrics we often use the right ones? Are they equitable for individuals across disparate systems? What are the ramifications to our academic culture when we choose to use certain metrics over others? Might we create perverse incentivizes and make ourselves vulnerable to predators? SCHOLARSHIP: DEFINITIONS AND CRITERIA


The telecommunications industry is being transformed by contradictory forces: on the one hand, the trend toward global expansion by carriers, and on the other hand, fragmentation and entry in local communications. This volume discusses the complexities of the bi-polar forces and maps out the policy issues which need to be addressed.


This work proposes a fog computing-based face mask detection system for controlling the entry of a person into a facility. The proposed system uses fog nodes to process the video streams captured at various entrances into a facility. Haar-cascade-classifiers are used to detect face portions in the video frames. Each fog node deploys two MobileNet models, where the first model deals with the dichotomy between mask and no mask case. The second model deals with the dichotomy between proper mask wear and improper mask wear case and is applied only if the first model detects mask in the facial image. This two-level classification allows the entry of people into a facility, only if they wear the mask properly. The proposed system offers performance benefits such as improved response time and bandwidth consumption, as the processing of video stream is done locally at each fog gateway without relying on the Internet.


Experimental data, which confirm the practical value of the method for the automated determination of lexical ontology's of text on the basis of analysis of associative links between its word forms, are obtained. For the experiment, software in Python was developed using public linguistic resources NLTK and WordNet, as well as the LightCluster package. The results of the research can be used for the literary analysis of natural language texts, in particular classifications, their subjects, style, etc.


ABSTRACT This article reads Fadia Faqir's My Name is Salma (2007) as a narrative of insidious trauma. The text's oscillation between a violent past and a confusing present, and the mournful disposition of the narrative perspective invite questions about the role of memory in the aftermath of violence, and the link between migration and psychic trauma. And while it is not difficult to understand the protagonist's post-traumatic response to her pre-migration history of violence and cruelty, her confused reaction to the demands of the experience of migration does not fit in with classical, event-based models of trauma, which revolve around the notion of a singular, catastrophic event. Salma's experience as an immigrant, I would suggest, is best understood in light of recent postcolonial revisions of major creeds of trauma theory, particularly the idea that minor, quotidian acts of violence on the psyche could trigger a post-traumatic response.


Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) is a widely employed method for analyzing gene expression profiles. The approach uses annotated sets of genes, identifies those that are coordinately up‐ or down-regulated in a biological comparison of interest, and thereby elucidates underlying biological processes relevant to the comparison. As the number of gene sets available in various collections for enrichment analysis has grown, the resulting lists of significant differentially regulated gene sets may also become larger, leading to the need for additional downstream analysis of GSEA results. Here we present a method that allows the rapid identification of a small number of co-regulated groups of genes – "leading edge metagenes" (LEMs) - from high scoring sets in GSEA results. LEM are sub-signatures which are common to multiple gene sets and that "explain" their enrichment specific to the experimental dataset of interest. We show that LEMs contain more refined lists of context-dependent and biologically meaningful genes than the parental gene sets. LEM analysis of the human vaccine response using a large database of immune signatures identified core biological processes induced by five different vaccines in datasets from human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Further study of these biological processes over time following vaccination showed that at day 3 post-vaccination, vaccines derived from viruses or viral subunits exhibit patterns of biological processes that are distinct from protein conjugate vaccines; however, by day 7 these differences were less pronounced. This suggests that the immune response to diverse vaccines eventually converge to a common transcriptional response. LEM analysis can significantly reduce the dimensionality of enriched gene sets, improve the identification of core biological processes active in a comparison of interest, and simplify the biological interpretation of GSEA results. Author Summary Genome-wide expression profiling is a widely used tool to identify biological mechanisms in a comparison of interest. One analytic method, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) uses annotated sets of genes and identifies those that are coordinately up‐ or down-regulated in a biological comparison of interest. This approach capitalizes on the fact that alternations in biological processes often cause the coordinated change of a large number of genes. However, as the number of gene sets available in various collections for enrichment analysis has grown, the resulting lists of significant differentially regulated gene sets may also become larger, leading to the need for additional downstream analysis of GSEA results. Here we present a method that allows the identification of a small number of co-regulated groups of genes – "leading edge metagenes" (LEMs) – from high scoring sets in GSEA results. We show that LEMs contain more refined lists of context-dependent biologically meaningful genes than the parental gene sets and demonstrate the utility of this approach in analyzing the transcriptional response to vaccination. LEM analysis can significantly reduce the dimensionality of enriched gene sets, improve the identification of core biological processes active in a comparison of interest, and facilitate the biological interpretation of GSEA results.


Most researches on text duplication in Bahasa uses the TF-IDF method. In this method, each word will have a different weight. The more frequencies the word appears, the greater the weight. This study aims to detect the similarity of documents by calculating cosine similarity from word vectors. The corpus was built from a collection of Indonesian Wikipedia articles. This study proposes two techniques to calculate the similarity which is simultaneous and partial comparison. Simultaneous comparison is direct comparison without dividing documents into several chapters, while partial comparison divides documents into several chapters before calculating the similarity. Similarity result from partial comparison is more accurate than simultaneous comparison. This study uses Unicheck application TF-IDF method as a benchmark. Similarity result from Unicheck and this study are different, due to the different method applied. Similarity result using TF -IDF method is smaller than using Word2vec, this is because TF-IDF can't detect paraphrase. The limitation in this study is that the Unicheck application used as a benchmark does not use the same method as the method used in this study other than that the determination of expected value is still subjective.


Thyrotropin receptor (TSHR) is a a heterodimer G protein‐coupled receptor constituted by an α extracellular subunit (53 kDa) interacting with thyrotropin (TSH) and a broad β transmembrane and intracellular subunit (30‐42 kDa) held together by disulphide bridges. TSHR are localized in the basolateral membrane rich in lipid rafts, microdomains with high level of cholesterol and sphingolipids, that provide a platform for the assembly of signaling complexes after TSH‐TSHR interaction. This interaction was perturbed in hypogravity during parabolic flights and longer missions in Space on board the ISS. In the present work the influence of complex mechanical effects of hypergravity on TSHR, cholesterol and sphingolipid in thyroid gland in vivo was investigated. Seven mice were maintained in hypergravity in a 2g centrifuge. Our results show that hypergravity up‐regulated 65% TSHR. TSH treatment did not cause significant changes in the thyroid gland of the control mice and induced about 50% reduction of the α subunit TSHR of 2g animal. TSH‐stimulated cAMP production was similar in control and 2g samples, indicating that even if TSHR is up‐regulated in hypergravity, the loss of its α subunit that binds TSH was responsible for the lack of the expected increased response to hormonal stimulation. Immunofluorescence analysis of TSHR demonstrated that in control samples the receptor was present on the surface of thyrocytes that surrounded follicles with a precise location, whereas in 2g samples the fluorescent signal was higher and spread over the entire surface of thyrocytes. The UFLC‐MS/MS study on lipid fraction of thyroid tissue showed that sphingomyelin and ceramide species remained unchanged whereas cholesterol was reduced 49% in 2g in comparison with control samples. We thus suggest that gravity, by inducing a significant loss of cholesterol, perturbed lipid rafts modifying TSH‐TSHR interaction.


This paper represents an attempt to briefly sketch out the history of the study of ethnicity and nationalism in Serbia, as well as to present and critically analyze the basic theoretical and methodological issues with which scholars researching these phenomena were faced. I will give a systematized overview of the different eras in this type of research and the basic analytical tools and theoretical frameworks which were used, and I will point out some of the various socio-political factors which influenced the research process.


Current research explored correlation between distance learners' self-concept and academic performance at post graduate level (M.A Education). The purpose of this research was to find out relationship between self-concept of students and their academic achievement. This was a quantitative study which used questionnaire as main tool of data collection along with the analysis of end of term result of students. To achieve the purpose of the study, distance learners (240) of Master in Education (M.A.) of AIOU were randomly selected by employing table of random numbers for sample selection. The study was delimited to Islamabad region and Rawalpindi region respectively. Data was collected through "Self-Concept Scale" developed by researchers. National language (Urdu) was used in the scale to make it more understandable for the respondents. The prototype of the scale was also content validated. In this regard, opinions of five educational experts were sought and their suggestions were incorporated in the final version of prototype. Data collection process was done through mail. Academic achievement was measured in three courses' results 0512, 0652 & 0655. For data analysis, Pearson correlation was used. Analysis of results showed statistically significant positive relationship between self-concept of distance learners and their academic achievement. It was recommended that the future research and development studies may be conducted to design training programs for distance learners to enhance their self-concept.


Although much has been written about interlocal agreements for the delivery of services, few studies have examined the factors that influence the establishment of different types of multilateral agreements (MLAs). To address this lacuna, the authors draw a distinction between an adaptive and restrictive MLA and seek to understand why local governments enter into one type of arrangement over the other. The authors build our theoretical argument on the basis of previous research that suggests agreements are designed to minimize the uncertainties associated with transaction risk. On the basis of this premise, the author's general proposition is that the decision to establish an adaptive MLA is shaped by the asset specificity and measurability of the goods and services of the transaction. The authors utilize data on public safety agreements among municipal and county governments in the state of Florida. Findings suggest that local governments are more likely to form an adaptive MLA when goods and services are relatively high in service measurability difficulty and when both high and low asset specificity exit.


Two new bicyclic sesquiterpenes, namely 6α,9α-dihydroxycadinan-4-en-3-one (1) and guai-3-en-10α-ol (2), together with one known sesquiterpene were isolated from the stems of Kadsura heteroclita, which is a Tujia ethnomedicine called 'Xue Tong'. Their structures were elucidated by using spectroscopic analyses and by comparing the NMR data with those reported previously.


The study carried out in the paper is connected with electromagnetic actuator having T-shaped moving part. Results from both numerical and experimental studies of the way the winding heating influences the magneto-motive and the electromotive force are given. The numerical data are obtained with the help of a 3D computer model. The optimum current load on the winding is defined, at which maximum electromagnetic force is obtained in case of a boundary winding temperature.


William Shakespeare's longest play Hamlet, Prince of Denmark has been a point of focus of critics for centuries. What makes Hamlet so popular and perennial is due to its intricate structure and oblivion message in terms of what the real doctrine behind the work is. Hamlet's inner world has still remained unsolved though a number of interpretation sand studies have been conducted on it. The murder of the former king triggers Hamlet to change his character. It is seen that this change is actually what makes the work a deep pit. His plans and actions are formed by the sentiments that he gets as a result of discovering his father's murder and his mother's affair with his uncle, the murderer at the same time. The more he discovers, the deeper he gets into as both emotionally and mentally. In order to shed more light on Hamlet and the work, his emotional progression and state of mind were analyzed and interpreted in depth in this study.


This review analyzes randomized and controlled studies carried out with patients diag- nosed with fi bromyalgia, who had been treated with either: (1) cognitive-behavioral therapy, (2) exercise training programs, or (3) a combination of both. The main conclusions of the interventions realized up to now are summarized and proposals with a view to improving outcomes are made, especially the early detection of patients at risk of developing fi bromyalgia, the identifi cation of subgroups and the development of treatments adjusted at the patient's profi le.


C is the second leading cause of death in the United States each year. Current treatment regimens using conventional chemotherapy face tremendous challenges in drug administration and drug resistance due to their poor solubility and selectivity. These limitations have prompted researchers to develop nanomaterials and nanoparticles that can be loaded with drugs to act as delivery platforms to enhance the efficacy of cancer treatment. Silibinin (SIL), a natural derivative isolated from the medicinal plant Silybum marianum (milk thistle), is a promising candidate owing to its anticancer and antimetastatic activity. However, SIL drug activity is often undermined by its poor water solubility, which results in low bioavailability. Mohd Zobir Hussein and his research team from Universiti Putra Malaysia have developed an innovative solution to overcome the solubility issue by using biopolymerized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to carry the SIL drug into targeted cancer cells. The use of carboxylated carbon nanotubes coated with water-soluble polymers can improve bioavailability and biocompatibility, enabling transport of the drug molecules into mammalian cells. As reported in a recent issue of Scientific Reports (https ://doi.org/10.1038/ s4159 8-020-73963 -8), the hydrophobic region of the MWCNTs interacts with the water-repelling SIL, while the biopolymers provide an external hydrophilic layer protecting the inner contents from the harsh hydrophilic environment. The researchers coated SIL-loaded MWCNTs with four biopolymers, polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80, poly(ethylene glycol), and chitosan. The physicochemical characteristics of the delivery systems and efficient dispersibility of the SIL-loaded nanotubes (SIL-MWCNTs) with different coatings, and their cytotoxic effect on cells were evaluated. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) of cross-sectional bio-polymerized SIL-MWCNTs showed a thin layer of polymer coating (~1 nm) present on the surface of the nanocomposites (Figure). The external polymer coating was found to be critical in maintaining thermal stability and the characteristics of SIL-carbon nanotubes compared with free drug and free uncoated nanotubes. According to the first author Julia Tan, "The release of SIL from carbon nanotubes occurs in a controlled manner governed by different pH levels of the release medium." Tan told MRS Bulletin that, apart from exhibiting a sustained drug release performance, the polymerized nanotubes "can also keep the bioactive drug molecules intact during translocation and cellular penetration without being rapidly metabolized and immediately excreted by the human body. Hence, they can prevent degradation of the drug and further reduce the unwanted side effect which results in greater patient compliance. This makes them a versatile drug delivery paradigm in the field of nanomedicine." Arun Kumar a b


(57) Abstract: sodium smectite clay minerals in pet litter by adding urease-negative bacteria, the growth of urease positive bacteria by inhibiting several days, thereby delaying the generation of ammonia with other unpleasant odors. About 50% of sodium bentonite in litter, to aggregate litter when wet, and maintained in contact with the treated clay urea also acts as a buffer to promote the growth of urease-negative bacteria.


While everyone knows they are going to die, most of us now and again talk about it in terms of 'if' as opposed to 'when'. However, although the prevalence of death is 100%, there are remarkable inequities in the circumstances surrounding it, the quality of care before death, and support for family members. This is true throughout Europe, as well as other parts of the world. Such inequity in end of life care is expressed through unequal access to appropriate symptom relief, lack of communication about imminent death and fallible fulfilment of preferred place of care at the end of life and dying. This is particularly significant given the ongoing demographic, epidemiologic and medical-therapeutic challenges in Europe: increasing life expectancy, an increasing proportion of the population dying from chronic, life-limiting conditions – in particular cardiovascular diseases – and increasing progress in therapeutic options and possibilities. In response, an increased interest in the development of palliative care has been recognised. Accordingly, emphasis is given on improving well-being, affirming life, active relief of symptoms and alleviation of suffering, as well as early and timely introduction of such palliative actions for those with lifelimiting conditions, often alongside rehabilitative or curative goals of care and therapies. However, steps towards changed practice still need to be taken for implementation of the knowledge available. Today, society assumes the patient's home is the most preferable place for care at the end of life and dying, and this also ties in with many severely ill persons' preferences. However, European countries differ statistically in regard to the proportion of deaths occurring in actual ordinary homes, in hospitals and in nursing homes. 1 Moreover, in European countries, the proportion of people with for example dementia-related diseases who die in hospitals vary from 3–46%. 2 Place of death also varies for several other groups, such as children. 3 Only a minority of the population (although this varies) are cared for in hospices or specialised palliative care settings and the match between preferred and actual place of death is lacking. At first glance, there appear to be no problems associated with this, since health policy-makers, professionals and researchers all now agree that palliative care can and should be practiced in any health care setting. Fittingly, palliative care is considered an orientation and quality marker for the promotion of quality of life and well-being in the proximity of death related to complex chronic conditions, progressive fatal diseases and frailty in old age. However, the accomplishment of palliative-oriented care at the end of life is not fulfilled in all types of health care settings. In particular, it is remarkable that hospitals fail in this regard, when patients have 24/7 access to registered nurses and physicians. Differences related to place of care at the end of life and


Drowning is a serious social problem and occupies 6th place in the structure of violent deaths. The features of dimensions and configurations of front abdominal wall, forms of abdomen in different types of drowning have been revealed. On the basis of own anthropometry, laparometry and planktonscopy research three-staging algorithm of definition of a drowning place is offered.


Objective: To suggest an algorithm for assessing the results of the scientific activity of a teacher drawing on published works and their quotes, which should make it possible to consider the total quoting of significant publications determined by the Hirsch algorithm. To create a more advanced approach to the effective assessment of scientists' publication activities compared to the Hirsch number. Methods: A systematization approach is used to systematize the total citation array, by separating it into the following citation arrays: 1) the basic, defined Hirsch index; 2) significant publications; 3) intensity of work. The resulting arrays formed the basis of the creation of three indices: h – Hirsch's index, g – an index of significant publications and p – intensive work index. These indexes allowed us to determine the Euclidean norms gh – the index of basic significant publications and hp – the intensive work index of a teacher. The above indices make it possible to differentiate the teachers' publication activities and produce better ranking in the team. Results: The ratings of a team of authors formed by the sample from Russian Science Citation Index using the Hirsch index and the gh-index are built. It is shown that more efficient compared to the Hirsch index is the proposed approach. Practical importance: The described approach to the formation of the rating position of the authors of publications in the creative team is based on a simple calculation and comparison of the modified Hirsch indices


Breast milk provides additional protection to children less than five years against infections. In the last few decades, exclusive breastfeeding has received a growing interest as the appropriate feeding method for infants all over the world. The aim of the study was to identify family belief systems and practices that influenced infant feeding during the first six months of life among rural women in Sagu, in the Upper West Region of Ghana. An exploratory, qualitative research design was employed to obtain in-depth information required to understand and interpret family belief systems and practices that influence exclusive breastfeeding among 27 participants. Data were collected between August and September, 2016. The study found family belief systems and practices such as gender, social role, culture and religious beliefs as factors influencing exclusive breastfeeding among women. Family heads were key in decision-making regarding infant feeding. The findings showed that mothers faced multifaceted cultural and religious beliefs, gender relations and sociostructural factors that influenced their decision making regarding breastfeeding. Grandfathers, grandmothers and fathers have an important role in infant feeding decisions in rural communities; however, they required prior knowledge to provide optimum support to breastfeeding mothers. Public health education on exclusive breastfeeding is required among significant others in the family. Further research is required to explore cultural beliefs and practices influencing exclusive breastfeeding and how they can be modified to promote public interventions particularly in matters relating to exclusive breastfeeding.


All papers published in this volume have been reviewed through processes administered by the Editors. Reviews were conducted by expert referees to the professional and scientific standards expected of a proceedings journal published by IOP Publishing. • Type of peer review: Double Anonymous • Conference submission management system: Morressier • Number of submissions received: 121 • Number of submissions sent for review: 117 • Number of submissions accepted: 82 • Acceptance Rate (Submissions Accepted / Submissions Received × 100): 67.8 • Average number of reviews per paper: 2 • Total number of reviewers involved: 18 • Contact person for queries: Name: Arthur Gibadullin Email: firstname.lastname@example.com Affiliation: National Research University "MPEI"


This paper assessed the implications of Iranian nuclear deal on the politics of Middle East from the realist theoretical perspective. Data for the paper were generated from secondary sources such as books, journals, newspapers/magazines, and online materials among others. The contents of these secondary data were qualitatively analyzed. The results of this analytical discourse reveal that the deal means more of co-operation is likely to take place in the Middle East even though Iran is still perceived as a potential threat. Also, the eventual deal means the emergence of a more empowered Iran capable of dominating the region and pursuing her interests at the expense of other states. It further showed that the tendency of Iran pursuing regional hegemony is very high. The paper concludes that Iranian nuclear crisis is an indication that the intention for nuclear armament is not yet over. Based on these findings and conclusion drawn, the paper recommended that the security balance of the Middle East must be maintained in order not to experience a sudden collapse of peace and stability in the region. States in the region must be made to realize the dangers of taking measures that could lead to a race for arms, especially nuclear armament.


In this short volume, Penchansky embarks on a 'subversive reading' (91) of the Hebrew scriptures to argue that 'there exist in the Bible divine forces other than Yahweh' (51). By doing so he is challenging both the two millennia long reading tradition that assumes the Hebrew scriptures are wholly monotheistic in origin and theme and that this monotheism is fully in accord with the later readers' monotheisms. He also challenges modern scholarly assumptions of a linear evolution of Israelite paganism/polytheism into radical or exclusive monotheism – Yahweh aloneism. Instead, through a series of readings of biblical texts, Penchansky argues that the religious world encountered here is a variegated one ranging from polytheism and henotheism to varieties of inclusive monotheism and exclusive monotheism of the Yahweh alone variety. Consequently, the story of Israelite religion is not one of a smooth progress to one God but more a 'struggle... an ongoing process, with back and forth movement' (xii). Penchansky's readings are grouped into two sections – the Gods of Ancient Israel and the Goddesses of Ancient Israel respectively. The first is the longer of the two with five chapters addressing a number of narratives and biblical polemics. In the first chapter, Penchansky presents the story in 2 Kings 3 as one that clearly does not fit a monotheistic worldview. Here is the recounted the Israelite defeat at the hands of the Moabites following Mesha, the Moabite king, sacrificing his son to Chemosh on the walls of his besieged city. A 'great wrath came upon Israel' (2 Kings 3.27) causing them to withdraw and return to their own land. Penchansky argues convincingly that this wrath must be from Chemosh, indicating that, for the author of this story, 'there are many gods, whose strength is enhanced through the sacrifices of their followers', the more costly the more likely a 'particular god will overpower competing gods' (11). In chapter 2, BOOK REVIEWS


Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression seems to be associated with worse overall survival in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. The purposes of this study were to assess the prognostic values of the immunohistochemical expression of VEGF and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor‐2 (VEGFR‐2) in a cohort of patients with operable advanced laryngeal cancer who had been treated with induction chemotherapy.


According to the theory of zero elementary wave magnetic flux current transformer, a principle of computer-regulating magnetometive force compensation zero elementary wave magnetic flux current transformer is given which has the characteristics of fast and accuracy. A principle of measuring harmonics directly according to the harmonic magnetic flux in the main core of the current transformer is proposed. It is effective to improve measurement accuracy of harmonics in power system.


Main topic of this work is the modernization of military transport aircrafts of the Czech Republic. Present needs and requirements of future transport aircrafts that should be bought are described in this work. In the last chapter there are comparisons and advantages of aircrafts that are produced by aircraft manufacturers asked in advance by Czech army.


Juvenile Kinosternon flavescens flavescens (yellow mud turtles) were tested in the laboratory for substrate preference. Activity of the turtles was also noted. In pool experiments, turtles preferred a tan-colored loess "mud" substrate to a dark brown sandy-loam bottom. Addition of aquatic plants to sandy-loam portion shifted their preference to the vegetated side of the pool. Turtles did not discriminate between a substrate of dark or light contact paper, but preferred a dark loess substrate to a light-colored one. According to the literature, K. f. flavescens may inhabit ephemeral ponds with sandy or muddy bottoms. These experiments tested individuals from a mud- bottomed farm pond, and their preferred substrate was similar to that present in their home pond.


In this article,the design principles of finished hole,butterfly hole and slitting pass for angle steels are introduced. A set of pass graph for 25#large equal angle steel is designed based on the design features of rolling mill and blanks in Rail and Beam Plant of Baotou Steel. The practices prove that the pass schedule could produce products with three specifications at the same time,which could make the production costs reduced and the use ratio of rolls improved.


A neotype is designated for Aleurodes alcocki Peal, which is currently in the genus Aleuroplatus, and this species is dis-tinguished from Aleuroplatus pectiniferus Quaintance & Baker. Aleuroplatus cinnamomi Jesudasan & David is recalled from synonymy with A. pectiniferus as a valid species. A key to puparia of the Indian Aleuroplatus species is given.


The article deals with one of the varieties of metaphor ‐ synaesthesia which is used by the Kazakhstani Russianspeaking bilingual writer in creating literary images. The most frequent types of synaesthesia combinations are singled out here. On the basis of the analysis of images of language consciousness of A.Zhaksylykov attempt to define is made, whether the law of a generality of the big paradigms and identity of small paradigms of art-poetic images operates in various cultures. The images created by synthetic means are the result of cognitive processing of socially significant information and the author's intention, as well as the phenomenon, fixing the dynamics of change and consciousness of society imposes special imprint on the linguistic picture of the world of the people in accordance with the changing features of his world view and outlook. Synesthesia of Kazakh bilingual - artistic means to create a holistic psychological portrait of the hero, for an understanding of the depth of the content of the novel.


Next Flood Level of Communication: Social Networks" (2013) published by Shaker Verlag, by Professor Ştefan Vlăduţescu from University of Craiova and Professor Ella Magdalena Ciuperca from National Academy of Intelligence "Mihai Viteazul" Bucuresti, is a book of intellectual elevation and high expression of ideas. The authors' hypothesis and the nuclear idea of their book is that by their amplitude, by their performance, and by their self-generating, self-organization and self- improvement capabilities, social networks are the next flood level of communication. "The observational-wave of hypothesis is reinforced by an interrogative wave: what is next after next? If "End of Metaphysics" in Martin Heidegger is perfection of metaphysics, if the "End of History" in Francis Fukuyama is perfection of history, we believe that "next flood level" is neither the last level, nor the perfect level of communication" asserts the authors. Social network is not quite the perfection it is only the configured direction to untouchable perfection. Social network is the path to perfection in constant concern itself, in self-knowledge, and in self-superior capitalization of humanity as a whole, of humanity as a global, integrated and homogeneous and with obvious nuclei of heterogeneity macro- social network. However, next of the next is something, at the same time apparent and hidden, from the actual potential of the current concrete. The future always has its seeds in the past and the present.


Gas exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in leaves of three endangered species including Carpinus putoensis,Ostrya rehderiana and Acer yangjuechi were determined under natural conditions.The results showed that light compensation point is quite different in those three endangered species,in A.yangjuechi it is lower(21.15 μmol·m-2·s-1) than that in the other two species(respectively 164.28,417.10 μmol·m-2·s-1).Maximum net photosynthetic rate(CO2) in C.putoensis and A.yangjuechi is higher(respectively 5.52、4.17 μmol·m-2·s-1) than that in O.rehderiana(1.39 μmol·m-2·s-1),indicating that C.putoensis and A.yangjuechi had higher photosynthetic capacity and stronger utilization ability for light energy.The PS Ⅱ efficiency(Yield) in A.yangjuechi and C.putoensis were 1.24 and 1.19 times than that in O.rehderiana,and photochemical quenching(qP) in A.yangjuechi and C.putoensis were 1.03 and 1.02 times than that of in O.rehderiana.Those above results indicated that A.yangjuechi and C.putoensis had a higher quantum yield and a higher efficiency in conversion of light energy.


Nonarteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) developing within months of cataract surgery has been reported to occur on rare occasions. Bilateral NAION after immediate sequential bilateral cataract surgery is even more rarely reported. In the current literature, only a handful of such cases have been reported.


Dominant views of reading in educational contexts tend to portray reading as a solitary event, often conducted in silence and over a sustained period of time, popularized in images of reading across different contexts and times. Yet, social perspectives of reading suggest that there are multiple ways to enact reading even within the urban adolescent schooling contexts. This article shows how visual data can reveal new ways of understanding the varied everyday micro-practices of reading that are enacted across different schools. It further argues that visual juxtaposition as critical analytic method can provide new understandings of visual data and generate insights through deliberate comparison. Using the dataset from an ethnographic study of reading in Singapore secondary schools, this paper examines the varied ways that juxtaposition can be applied to the analysis of two forms of visual data, namely documentary photography and time-lapse data to show how concepts of reading, social relations and space are expanded through this form of analysis.


Odor identification is an important area in a wide range of industries like cosmetics, food, beverages and medical diagnosis among others. Odor detection could be done through an array of gas sensors conformed as an electronic nose where a data acquisition module converts sensor signals to a standard output to be analyzed. To facilitate odors detection a system is required for the identification. This paper presents the results of an automated odor identification process implemented by a fuzzy system and an electronic nose. First, an electronic nose prototype is manufactured to detect organic compounds vapor using an array of five tin dioxide gas sensors, an arduino uno board is used as a data acquisition section. Second, an intelligent module with a fuzzy system is considered for the identification of the signals received by the electronic nose. This solution proposes a system to identify odors by using a personal computer. Results show an acceptable precision.


In this paper we apply hydrodynamics for systems with continuous broken symmetries to heavy ion collisions in the framework of (1+1) dimensional Bjorken model. The temperature profile with respect to proper time determined in that context exhibits no differences with the ideal fluid. On the contrary, it is shown that the profile obtained when M\"{u}ller-Israel-Stewart second order theory of dissipation is included on top of standard hydrodynamics indicates a slower cooling of the system.


The economy of Iceland depends heavily on the fishing industry, which provides more than 60% of export earnings and employs 8% of the work force. The economy, therefore, remains sensitive to declining fish stocks. In the mid-1980s, a complete collapse of the Icelandic cod stock appeared imminent and it has remained at historically low levels since. During the last three decades, the weather conditions o the coast of Iceland have been changing. It is dicult, if not impossible to enumerate all the factors that influence the bio-equilibrium of the North Atlantic waters. Nevertheless, it is known that the climate has some considerable influence in the behavior of cod stocks. In this study, the focus is on trying to assess the relative importance of the external oceanic climate to other factors that have an impact on cod stocks. Weather covariates from the North-Atlantic air pressure field are derived. These seem to give additional information to that provided by the North Atlantic Oscillation Index. A state space model for recruitment to the cod stock, which takes into account these climate related covariates, as well as other factors, is proposed and tested using available data. Results indicate that, although the ocean climate has a significant eect on cod recruitment, it is possible, through adequate management of fisheries, drive cod stocks to more sustainable levels.


The present invention relates to a conductive paste repair, parts by weight in the calculation, the following composition: parts by I100 epoxy resin, 250 to 900 parts silver flake, I10 ~ 50 parts curing agent, epoxy diluent I10 ~ 40 parts , 3 to 20 parts coupling agent, and a composite porous particles 20 to 100 parts; wherein the curing temperature, the curing agent I, an epoxy resin and epoxy diluent I I I epoxy resin composition consisting of 60 ~ 80 ℃; the porous composite particles of the porous spherical silver powder as a carrier, the carrier has an outer wall surface of the bladder material layer, an epoxy resin composition II comprises the holes, the epoxy resin composition curing temperature ≥150 II deg.] C, the epoxy resin composition II epoxy diluent in the composition II is insoluble or sparingly soluble in water, a boiling point ≥150 ℃. The present invention also relates to a method for preparing the conductive paste repairable. The conductive adhesive to repair high efficiency, can avoid stress concentration at the crack repaired.


Amrinone, an inotrope with vasodilating properties, is of potential use in managing the right ventricular failure and pulmonary vasoconstriction induced by massive pulmonary embolism (PE). Therefore, to determine the hemodynamic effects of amrinone in a canine model of massive FE, autologous blood clot was infused into ten dogs (eight treated and two control animals) in an amount sufficient to decrease mean systemic arterial pressure (MAP) by at least 25 percent. This resulted in an increase in mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) from 13.4±3.7 mm Hg to 44.4±4.8 mm Hg (p<O.Ol), a decrease in MAP from 122±9.5 mm Hg to 35.6±9.8 mm Hg (p<O.Ol), and a decrease in cardiac output from 2.73 ± 0.834 L/min to 1.22±0.61 L/min (p<O.Ol). Amrinone was administered in an initial bolus of 0.75 mg/kg followed by an infusion of 7.5 Lg/kg/min, which resulted in significant hemodynamic improvement in all subjects, with a fall in MPAF to 35.3±5.1 mm Hg (p<O.Ol), an increase in MAP to 98.1±31.1 mm Hg (p<O.Ol), and an increase in cardiac output to 2.01 ± 0.7 L/min (not significant) at 5 mm. Cardiac output continued to increase to 2.56 ± 0. 16 L/min (p<O.Ol) at 35 mm. We conclude that amrinone alleviated pulmonary hypertension, systemic hypotension, and low cardiac output in a canine model of massive FE. (Chest 1992; 102:274-78)


First part of the bachelor thesis is focused on theoretical background necessary for optimal alternative source of corporate activity and characterization of venture capital as a form of finance these activities. Second part is itended to a research of subjects in the venture caputal market. Subject matter of examination will be situation on a venture capital markets, sources of information used in this examination will be annual reports from association associating venture capital providers and others freely available resources.


An ultrashort pulsed radar reflectometer with 24 channels in the Ka band and four channels in the X band is used for the electron density profile measurements in the Large Helical Device. An ultrashort pulse has broadband frequency components. However, we have usually utilized the discrete frequency components because we apply a filter bank system in a time-of-flight measurement. To utilize the whole frequency spectrum of the impulse we apply the switching technique of the intermediate frequency signal and the frequency modulation of the local oscillator. A more detailed reconstructed electron density profile, compared to that of the previous system, is obtained by using an Abel inversion method from the profile of the delay time as a function of the probing frequency.


The main purpose of this paper is to analyze the instability in waveform reconstruction from non-uniformly sampled signals generated by recurrent non-uniform discrete-time sampling scheme. From the applied equation, the matrix of conversion, [A], associates the uniformly sampled signals to non-uniformly sampled ones, and plays a key role in the reconstruction. To recover the uniformly sampled signals, we need to compute the inversion of [A], [A]-1. Although [A]-1 is known to be numerically unstable in some occasions, the fundamental reason and premise for this instability have not been discussed. Thus, by obtaining the closed form of det[A], this paper shows that the root cause of the instability of [A]-1 is related to the singularity of [A], which has det[A] = 0 resulting from specific patterns of timing offsets in the recurrent nonuniform discrete-time sampling scheme. Numerical results confirm the analysis.


This paper attempts to conduct a contrastive study of English and Chinese linguistics book reviews in terms of engagement in the framework of appraisal theory.After identifying different types of engagement resources,it is found that the Chinese linguistic book reviewers' voices are more likely to compress " the other" voices and claim authoritative stances in their evaluation,while their English counterparts tend to make more allowances for dialogically alternative voices in this genre.


By combining wavelet transform with the modal transform,a new method to locate the faults of a power cable is presented.The use of the new modal transform can not only avoid the influence of the breakdown outset angle existent in traditional traveling wave method,but also reflect all breakdown types by the sole module.The simulation results show that the method is feasible as it has a high accuracy in location.


The expressions for the single inclusive spectra of cumulative p, ..pi.., K...H/sup 2,3/, He/sup 3/...were obtained by using the single-particle density matrix of the nucleons in the nucleus. The dependence of the spectra on the atomic number and on the momentum of the cumulative particle is explained.


A Generalized Multiresolution Analysis (GMRA) associated with a wavelet is a sequence of nested subspaces of the function space ℒ2(ℝ), with specific properties, and arranged in such a way that each of the subspaces corresponds to a scale 2m over all time-shifts n. These subspaces can be expressed in terms of a generating-wandering subspace — of the dyadic-scaling operator — spanned by orthonormal wavelet-functions — generated from the wavelet. In this paper we show that a GMRA can also be expressed in terms of subspaces for each time-shift n over all scales 2m. This is achieved by means of "elementary" reducing subspaces of the dyadic-scaling operator. Consequently, Time-Shifts GMRA associated with wavelets, as well as "sub-GMRA" associated with "sub-wavelets" will then be introduced.


This article aims to show how to improve public services' capability and accessibility through e-government for villagers to reduce the rate of spread and infection of Covid-19 and as community participation in alternative ways of getting public services, Electronic Government (e-Gov) or digital government exists.  Electronic government (e-Gov) itself provides information and public services, business affairs, services related to governance, et cetera by using information technology tools. However, the obstacles in this e-government-based public service are in applying the information system and the knowledge and access to information on this e-government-based public service. The digital divide is found in rural communities, often uninformed and reluctant to experience new technologies. Therefore, a community service program is needed, namely Improving Community Capability and Accessibility in Utilizing E-Government Public Services for villagers in the Middle of the COVID-19 Pandemic Outbreak in Semarang Regency.


To study the influence of admixture on the strength of high volume fly ash cement,the reasonable mix ratio of primary material is determined.We analyze the chemical ingredients of the material being tested.We study the trend of the strength through 24 groups of specimens,according to different ages,different admixtures and their different quantities.The strength of cement added fly ash is less than the strength of cement added fly ash and slag is less than the strength of cement added slag.The J2 excitant improves the early strength and the later strength.The K3 excitant decreases the early strength.We make certain of the reasonable mix ratio of primary material.


A comparative study was conducted between two independent methods to estimate body fat in a total population of 27 Japanese females (aged 20-40). The two methods dealt with different body component parameters. Body fat was estimated (1) in terms of skinfolds according to the formula of Nagamine and Suzuki ('64), who used triceps and subscapular skinfolds, and (2) in terms of total body water based on the analysis of the dilution of orally ingested deuterium oxide (D20) in urine. The estimate of the percent body fat by each of the two methods showed significant difference. The skinfold estimate of percent body fat was significantly lower than the D20 estimate. The best combination of four variables for predicting total body water was found to be humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight. The prediction equation based on humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight proved to be accurate for estimating total body water (R = .903 ; SEE=1.276) than the combination of skinfolds (r=.706). Multiple regression equation was applied to the estimation of the total body water from these anthropometric measurements. Thus, the equation based on humerus breadth, femur breadth, abdomen skinfold and body weight could be instead of skinfolds to accurately estimate the criterion percent body fat.


DEVELOPMENT OF A DRUG ABUSE PREVENTION MODULE TO INCREASE PREVENTION KNOWLEDGE FOR JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS IN EAST JAKARTA. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the implementation of the drug abuse prevention module development in increasing prevention knowledge for students at the junior high school level in East Jakarta. The research method used was educational design research research method with the development model Design by Research. In this method there are 3 main phases, namely the analysis and exploration phase, the design and development phase, and the evaluation and reflection phase. The samples in this study were Guidance and Counseling teachers in East Jakarta Junior High Schools who became partners of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program of FIP UNJ. The development of a drug abuse prevention module in East Jakarta Junior High School focuses on (1) knowledge that students must know, (2) attitudes and values, and (3) skills. The results showed that the module was in accordance with the students' goals, the material was considered appropriate, although it still needed to be improved in terms of the delivery method and the media completeness needed to deliver the material in the module. Modules can also help optimize peer groups as a classical mentoring service to build drug-free youth. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that the development of a drug abuse prevention module is effective in increasing prevention knowledge for students at the junior high school level in East Jakarta.


A statistical analysis of the time‐integrated Dst index is performed over 1958–2007. The tail of the probability distribution of extreme time‐integrated Dst events, which occur during strong geomagnetic storms, can be precisely fitted by a power law function with upper cutoff, apparently not exceeded even by the 1859 Carrington event. This time‐integrated Dst is expected to be a reasonable proxy for maximum densities of MeV electrons in the heart of the outer radiation belt, which are known to pose a serious threat to satellites. During such strong events, a correlation is found between the time‐integrated levels of various physical quantities, such as interplanetary magnetic field Bz, particle energy fluxes measured during injections in the magnetotail, geosynchronous ULF wave index, and geomagnetic activity in the inner magnetosphere, suggesting cumulative effects from successive disturbances.


The ovicidal activity of calcium hypochlorite was investigated in the laboratory using eggs of Bulinus globosus collected from a fresh water stream in Ipogun Village, Ondo State, Nigeria. Calcium hypochlorite concentrations of 3mg/l, 4mg/l, 6mg/l, 9mg/l, and 15mg/l were prepared using untreated well water. One-egg-mass was introduced into 60 ml each of the test solution concentrations and also into untreated well water in separate 100 ml beakers. The assays were conducted in three replicates and were observed for 48 hours at room temperature. Results showed that calcium hypochlorite had positive ovicidal effect with an LC95 of 12.86mg/l at 48 hours. This suggests that calcium hypochlorite has effective ovicidal activity, which may be used in the control of the schistosome bearing snail, Bulinus globosus. Keywords: calcium hypochlorite, ovicidal, snail host, schistosomiasis, control.


China's rapid rise since the 2010s threatens a global hegemony of the United States, which seemed to become a permanent superpower after the post-Cold War following the collapse of the Soviet Union. Just like the United States at the beginning of the 20th century, China is building an aggressive foreign policy and a strong naval force to support it. The U.S. is also making various efforts to counter the rise of China and to deter the challenge of hegemony.
The U.S. efforts and grand strategic origins in the Asia- Pacific region were the geopolitical threat perception and foreign policy theory of Alfred T. Mahan, one of America's leading maritime geopolitical scholars and maritime strategists. Although the specific form and method have changed little by little according to the changes of the times, it is true that the actual grand strategic essence has not changed significantly in the early 20th century or in the modern era beyond the 2020s.
Therefore, the Republic of Korea, which takes the R.O.K-U.S. alliance as the basis of national security, should pay attention to Mahan's perception of geopolitical threat and foreign policy theory in its historical essence in order to accurately and soberly recognize the grand strategic origins of U.S. foreign policy. Through this, we will be able to get a little closer to what the fundamental grand strategic origins of the U.S. are and what their essence is, beyond the simple recognition of the current status quo of the U.S. foreign policy.


The effects of the ozonated water and sodium hypochlorite pretreatment on quality changes of individual longkong (Lansium domesticum Corr.) fruits stored at 15±1°C were investigated. The fruits were soaked at 1.0 ppm ozonated water for 15 and 20 min; 100 and 200 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution for 5 min and untreated for the control. After drying under cold air, six fruits were placed in a 135A—187A—36 mm polypropylene tray with a water absorbent sheet underneath and a sachet of ethylene absorber (3 g/sachet) each. Each treatment were wrapped with polyvinyl chloride film which are tightly sealed with an adhesive tape, and stored at 15±1°C. No visible symptom of fruit spoilage was observed during the first 12 days of storage in all treatments. However, all treatments significantly reduced microbial populations by analyses of the total viable, yeast and mold counts on both longkong pericarp and pulp before and after 12 days storage. At 14 days of storage, the observed L* and b* values of fruit pericarp color did not differ statistically within treatment, but the fruit spoilage was significantly lower in 100 ppm sodium hypochlorite solution pretreatment compared to the other treatments. Total soluble solids and titratable acidity gradually decreased with storage regardless of treatment. Sodium hypochlorite slightly reduced microbial population.


Starch has been isolated from barley and malted barley of the same sample of cereal. The malted-barley starch had a higher apparent amylose content, a higher gelatinization temperature, and smaller granules than that from the original barley. Pre-treatment of the granules of both starches with liquid ammonia was necessary to achieve complete dispersion prior to fractionation into their component amylose and amylopectin. The amylose from the malted-barley starch was smaller in molecular size and had a higher β-amylolys!s limit than that from the barley. The amylopectin fractions differed with regard to average chain length and β-amylolysis limit, but they were of comparable molecular size. Calculation showed the two amylopectins to have similar internal chain-lengths, but different external chain-lengths, that for the malted-barley amylopectin being smaller. This suggests that the malted-barley amylopectin had been degraded by β-amylase to a limited extent. Subfractions of amylose obtained on successive aqueous leaching of both granular starches showed a decrease in β-amylolysis limit with increase in molecular size. The properties of the components from malted-barley starch can be satisfactorily accounted for by assuming limited β-amylolysis of the amylopectin and very limited α-amylolysis of the amytose in the original barley starch.


We study a relationship between thin sets and minimally thin sets in a Lipschitz domain. In a half space this Problem has been considered by Lelong-Ferrand [6] and Jackson [5]. We show several estimates for Naim's 0-kernel ([11]) and generalize their results to a Lipschitz domain. Using those estimates, we also deal with boundary behavior of Green Potentials with L^-densities. AMS-Classification: 31B-15, 31B-25


The Arctic Oscillation (AO) and the Antarctic Oscillation (AAO) are the leading modes of high‐latitude variability in each hemisphere as characterized by the first EOF of mean sea‐level pressure. Observations suggest a recent positive trend in the AO and it is speculated that this may be related to global warming. The CCCma coupled general circulation model control simulation exhibits a robust and realistic AO and AAO. Climate change simulations for the period 1900–2100, with forcing due to greenhouse gases and aerosols, exhibit positive trends in both the AO and the AAO. The model simulates essentially unchanged AO/AAO variations superimposed on a forced climate change pattern. The results do not suggest that a simulated trend in the AO/AAO necessarily depends on stratospheric involvement nor that forced climate change will be expressed as a change in the occurence of one phase of the AO/AAO over another. This pattern of climate change projects exclusively on the AAO pattern in the southern hemisphere but not in the northern hemisphere where other EOFs are involved. The extent to which this forced climate change pattern and the unforced modes of variation are determined by the same mechanisms and feedbacks remains an open question.


In this paper we obtain a rectangular model for each closed orientable 3-manifold of genus 1 by identifications of the unit cube via unimodular plane involutions. The desirability of the model is indicated with regard to the fibring of such manifolds by circles, together with the development of a corresponding model for the connected sum of two such manifolds.


Based on the basic concept of geographical indications governance,this article analyzes the problems of geographic indications in Hanzhong tea industry by means of the diamond model on the basis of the basic control interface of the tea industry stakeholders,discusses the construction and implementation of governance-driven interface,and proposes an interface-driven approach of the tea industry to improve the geographical indication in Hanzhong,as well as some specific governance strategies for the harmonious development of tea industry in Hanzhong.


Objective Recent evidence has shown that vestibular migraine is strongly associated with cognitive difficulties. However, limited data exist on real-world effects of that dysfunction. The objective of this study is to understand the epidemiology of cognitive dysfunction with vestibular migraine and associated sequelae using National Health Interview Survey data. Study Design Randomized, population-based survey study of US adults. Setting We generated a case definition approximating probable vestibular migraine based on Bárány Society criteria and validated that definition in a tertiary care vestibular clinic. Patients Adult respondents to the 2016 NHIS, which queries a representative sample of the civilian, noninstitutionalized US population. Intervention Diagnostic. Main Outcome Measures We evaluated incidence of self-reported cognitive dysfunction with vestibular migraine and whether individuals were more likely to have impaired mobility, falls, and work absenteeism than those without either condition. Results Among individuals with vestibular migraine, 40% reported "some" and 12% reported "a lot" of difficulty thinking versus 13% and 2% of those without vestibular migraine, respectively. Vestibular migraine sufferers were more likely to have difficulty thinking or remembering compared with respondents without dizziness (odds ratio, 7.43; 95% confidence interval, 6.06–9.10; p < 0.001) when controlled for age, sex, education, stroke, smoking, heart disease, and diabetes. Individuals with both vestibular migraine and cognitive dysfunction had fivefold increased odds of falls and 10-fold increased odds of mobility issues compared with those without either condition. Furthermore, individuals with both vestibular migraine and cognitive dysfunction missed 12.8 more days of work compared to those without either condition. Conclusion Our findings indicate vestibular migraine is not only associated with cognitive dysfunction, but they are together associated with mobility issues, fall risk, and work absenteeism.


Abstract Over the last 20 years, numerous states and the federal government enacted mandatory minimum reforms, especially for drug offenses. Yet little is known about how effective these reforms have been at the state-level in lowering drug sentences. Using quasi-experimental methods and administrative data, this study evaluates the impact of state-level mandatory minimum reforms on drug sentences and their concomitant racial-ethnic disparities. We find that state-level mandatory minimum reforms do not lower drug sentences in general or change racial-ethnic disparities statistically significantly. These findings suggest that the profound racial-ethnic bias sparked by state-level mandatory minimums are not fully ameliorated by subsequent state-level reforms.