Together with the 74 lines belonging to (0,9,0)-(0,0,0) band, the high-resolution absorption spectrum of H2O+ was observed in the visible region of 16680 -17300 (cm-1) using optical heterodyne magnetic rotation enhanced velocity modulation spectroscopy for the first time, which verifies the high sensitivity and high signal to noise ratio (S/N) of this technique.


This article examines the treatment of young offenders in an inner-city area of contemporary Britain. The effect of harsher legislation on the practices adopted by agencies and practitioners is highlighted. The analysis relates to the symbolic interactionist tradition, and on the basis of the material collected, convergencies and discrepancies with such theoretical tradition are pinpointed. In a brief conclusion, while the case under investigation is said to reflect the growing punitiveness exacted on youth in general, it is also said to signal the particular British obsession with punishing children.


The hydraulic pressure power type coal mining machine oil gun makes up the oil injection and the service replacement fat liquor difficult development oil injection installment in view of the coal mining machine.Is low in view of the hydraulic pressure power type coal mining machine oil gun efficiency.The movement cost high question has carried on the analysis,after theoretical calculation,digital-analog analysis,experimental determination,proposes the structure improvement measure,enhanced the efficiency,has obtained good effect.


Proof: Let A = A. It is sufficient to prove that A c ⊆ A c . Let y ∈ A c ⇒ y/ ∈ A ⇒ y/ ∈ r R(x)⊆A rR(x) ⇒∃ x such that y ∈ rR(x) but rR(x) �⊆ A ⇒∃ x such that y ∈ rR(x) ⊆ A c ⇒ y ∈ r R(x)⊆A c r R(x) ⇒ y ∈ A c ⇒ A c ⊂ A c .


In this study, light weight mortar cubes are prepared by Styrofoam balls and Aluminium oxide. Compressive strength and density of the mortar cubes were determined for 7 days, 14 days, and 28 days. The mixture is produced by replacing Portland cement with Styrofoam balls in the ratio of 0%, 0.5% and 1% by the weight of cement and aluminium oxide in the ratio of 0%, 0.5% and 1% by the weight of cement. Rate of deterioration was higher in normal mortar cubes when compared to light weight mortar cubes. Test results clearly show that there is a decrease in density and slight decrease in compressive strength. As per the test results, the density of the mortar cubes decreases by 40%-50% when compared to the control mix and the compressive strength attained is 15 MPa.


For the difficult point and characteristics of highway tunnel construction in large section,the paper discussed how to choose suitable excavation plan,determine the best excavation footage and realize safety and rapid excavation.


We construct a cubic lattice of discrete points in superspace, as well as a discrete subgroup of the supersymmetry group which maps this ''superlattice'' into itself. We discuss the connection between this structure and previous versions of lattice supersymmetry. Our approach clarifies the mathematical problems of formulating supersymmetric lattice field theories and suggests new methods for attacking them.


Various substances have been used to investigate physiological and physiopathological processes in animals. In this study, we investigated the effects of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) on the regeneration of actinotrichia, skeletal structures of the caudal fin of teleosts. Two groups of fish (Tilapia rendalli) were maintained in aquaria with dechlorinated water at 24 o C, with one group being exposed to ASA (0.1 g/l) for 24 h. Thereafter ASA-treated and untreated (control) fishes were anesthetized and their tail fin amputated. After periods ranging from 4-12 days, the fishes were sacrified and the regenerating tissue was processed for light and transmission electron microscopy and picrosirius-hematoxylin staining. Control specimens showed normal regeneration of the actinotrichia, whereas all (except one) of the ASA-treated fishes showed no regeneration. The 20 ASA-treated fishes devoid of actinotrichia had varying degrees of caudal fin regeneration. These results indicate that, as in mammals, aspirin also affects biological processes in fish. Based on reports in the literature, we hypothesize that ASA interfered with the transcription of the fibroblast genes necessary for the synthesis of elastoidin, or altered the typical rapid turnover of this protein, thereby affecting regeneration of the actinotrichia. The use of ASA and other drugs to study the regeneration of actinotrichia could be a valuable approach for investigating cell-matrix interactions. This model could also be useful for evaluating the toxic effects of river pollution and chemical damping.


Investigation and Analysis of 960 minority female students show necessity of body-building class during their university education.The results not only meet with their physical and psychological need of beauty,but also improve female students health and shape of body.It is a tendency to have body-building class in minority universities.


Objective To observe the effects of hypoxia preconditioning on inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis after spinal cord injury in the rat model.Methods 154 adult female wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups,including the spinal cord injury group,the spinal cord injury ± hypoxia precondition (HP) group,the sham operation group.Immunohistochemistry was performed to determine the expressions of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β)in spinal cord injury area at five time points (2,6,12 h,1,3 d).BBB score was used to evaluate the function recovery of hind limb.The method of immunohistochemistry and terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase mediated nick end labeling (TUNEL) were adopted to detect the level of B cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) protein and the apoptotic cells at five time points (6 h,1,3,7,14 d)after spinal cord injury.Results The integral absorbance (IA) of TNF-α in HP group was decreased at 6 h and 12 h,compared with that in spinal cord injury group (5.187±0.628 vs.7.962±2.185; 3.219±0.724 vs.5.361 ±1.246,P<0.05).The IA ofIL-1β in HP group was lower than spinal cord injury group at three time points (6,12 h,1 d) (3.845 ± 1.669 vs.6.674 ± 1.537 ; 6.241 ± 1.142 vs.9.961 ± 2.814 ; 2.264 ± 1.476 vs.4.418 ± 0.973,P < 0.05).In HP group,the IA of bcl-2 protein was significantly higher than spinal cord injury group at any time point (4.335 ±0.563 vs.3.256 ± 1.024,P <0.05; 6.873 ±2.032 vs.5.029 ± 1.537,P <0.01 ; 11.869 ± 2.560 vs.6.893 ± 2.164,P < 0.01 ; 10.340 ± 1.469 vs.8.074 ± 2.175,P < 0.05 ; 8.143 ± 2.376 vs.5.238 ± 1.467,P <0.05).The apoptosis index (AI) of HP group was decreased on 1 d,3 d,7 d,14 d (20.63 ±5.86 vs.26.37 ±4.76,P<0.05; 29.85 ±8.12 vs.37.96 ±3.81,P<0.05; 31.56 ±4.01 vs.41.74 ±6.69,P <0.01 ; 22.66 ±5.24 vs.32.87 ±9.90,P <0.05),compared with the spinal cord injury group.The BBB scores of HP group was higher than spinal cord injury group on 7 d and 14 d (5.68 ±1.83 vs.3.06 ±1.21; 10.21 ±2.64 vs.6.45 ±1.97,P<0.05).Conclusion Hypoxiapreconditioning can inhibit the inflammatory response of local tissue damage and reduce apoptosis through the high expression of bcl-2 protein,thus promote the neural functional recovery after spinal cord injury.

Key words:
Hypoxia precondition ;  Spinal cord injury;  Inflammation ;  Apoptosis


In classical schedule problems, the actual processing time of a job is a fixed constant, but in the actual production process, the processing time of a job is affected by a variety of factors, two of which are the learning effect and resource allocation. In this paper, single-machine scheduling problems with resource allocation and a time-dependent learning effect are investigated. The actual processing time of a job depends on the sum of normal processing times of previous jobs and the allocation of non-renewable resources. With the convex resource consumption function, the goal is to determine the optimal schedule and optimal resource allocation. Three problems arising from two criteria (i.e., the total resource consumption cost and the scheduling cost) are studied. For some special cases of the problems, we prove that they can be solved in polynomial time. More generally, we propose some accurate and intelligent algorithms to solve these problems.


Severe arthritis can limit a driver's range of motion and increase their crash risk. The high prevalence of arthritis among the US driver population, especially among senior drivers, makes it a public safety concern. In this study, we evaluate the impact of arthritis on driving behavior and crash risk using the Second Strategic Highway Research Program Naturalistic Driving Study (SHRP 2 NDS), which collected continuous driving data through data acquisition systems installed on participant's vehicles. A detailed questionnaire survey was administered on demographic, health conditions, and personality information at the time of recruitment. The dataset includes 3563 participants. Among them, 78 drivers were identified to have severe arthritis, and they contributed to 414 out of 1641 crashes. We systematically evaluated the impact of severe arthritis on crash risk, secondary task engagement, and fitness-to-drive metrics. The results show there is a significant relationship between arthritis and crash risk, with an odds ratio of 1.99 with adjustment for age effects, which indicates that individuals with arthritis are twice as likely to be involved in a crash. There is no statistically significant association between arthritis and secondary task engagement, as well as the sensation-seeking scores, a personality trait.


In real world the network environment is varied and the network resource is limited. How to supply real-time and reliable transmission service with less network resource under the explosive transmission scale becomes a hot spot, this paper proposed a novel transmission scheme which supports improved hierarchical feedback architecture, under this architecture the normal group and each emergent node are treated with independent transmission strategy, and under varied network environment each strategy can self- organize transmission structure and self-adjust transmission parameters to adapt different transmission conditions, this scheme also applies partial FEC base on Bayes learning to save bandwidth. Approach was tested on MG3500 embedded platform; experiments showed this scheme can decrease approximate 60% of original error rate on average and save about half network bandwidth compared to original FEC method error.


The Ems and Loire evolved into hyper-turbid estuaries in the course of the 20th century. Winterwerp et al. (2013 a, b) argued that narrowing and deepening of these rivers induced a regime shift towards these hyper-turbid conditions. This regime shift was presumed to be driven by a positive feed-back between tidal amplification, tidal asymmetry and sediment-induced drag reduction. As also the Sea Scheldt was/is subject to narrowing and deepening, Winterwerp et al. reasoned that also this river may be at risk to become hyper-turbid.


The use of Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs) over the past several years has become an important concept for military operations. Currently, multiple UAV flights are not performed due to the difficulty in the control algorithms and the lack of redundancy to handle failures. Control algorithm designs can be achieved to provide for multiple UAV operations but single thread system failures remains a problem. Also, unforeseen circumstances such as ground controllers flying the wrong course can cause air vehicles to arrive in the same airspace at the same time, which can cause a collision. Even in the case of autonomous UAV operation, flight management errors could result in time of arrival errors and air vehicle collisions. As more of these systems are utilized, the methods to control them become even more difficult and the possibility of something going wrong increases. There is also a desire to enable UAV flights within commercial airspace. This desire cannot be achieved until a proven method to prevent air-to-air collisions is implemented. The design of an Automatic Air Collision Avoidance System (Auto ACAS) is intended to prevent air-to-air collisions between air vehicles. The Auto ACAS is not intended to replace existing designs such as the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) but is intended to accomplish a recovery at the last instant to prevent a collision. TCAS and other systems in use today provide situational awareness and traffic advisories to enable pilots to perform de-confliction and manual avoidance maneuver and remain several miles apart. In contrast, Auto ACAS assumes such deconfliction and manual avoidance attempts have not succeeded and operates in a time span that does not allow for manual pilot reactions, thus it must be highly integrated and automated in operation. An automated TCAS could be used to keep apart UAVs and commercial airliners but this kind of design may be difficult to implement due to the fact that it was initially designed to instruct the pilot to make course changes and not automatically take control of the aircraft. Automatic collision avoidance is necessary if Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are to "blacken the sky" in massed attacks, accompany manned fighters on combat missions, and transition civil airspace. These vehicles will, in some manner, have to "see and avoid" other aircraft. An automated air collision avoidance system will fulfill a part of this need. It will automatically maneuver an aircraft, at the last instant, to avoid an air-to-air collision. It will function in a manner similar to a pilot avoiding a AIAA/ICAS International Air and Space Symposium and Exposition: The Next 100 Y 14-17 July 2003, Dayton, Ohio AIAA 2003-2755 This material is declared a work of the U.S. Government and is not subject to copyright protection in the United States. collision. It is a system that must be reliable, verifiable, and partially redundant, forming the last line of defense against collisions. It must provide nuisance free operation and allow safe interoperability. The requirements for such a system will be discussed in detail. Of particular interest are criteria to enable a safe, nuisance free system that will have embedded rules of the road for all encounters. Autonomous control of unmanned aerial vehicles is a goal for the U.S. Air Force in the future. However, flying multiple unmanned vehicles in the same tactical airspace with manned fighters presents very challenging problems. Automatic collision avoidance is a necessary step in moving toward this goal.


Introduction: Auditory brain stem implantation (ABI) is an implantable electrode device to treat neural hearing loss, where cochlear implantation (CI) is not possible. ABI system consists of a receiver-stimulator, electrode array and electrode plate internally and a speech processor, microphone and transmitter coil externally. The device is kept on the cochlear nucleus and it stimulates the nucleus by which the patient perceives sound. Knowledge of the anatomical landmarks and variants in anatomy of the brainstem is vital for auditory brainstem implant surgery. Pediatric Auditory Brainstem Implantation is indicated for children with congenital cochlear aplasia, absent/hypoplastic vestibulocochlear nerve (VCN), for whom cochlear implantation is not possible. Methodology: Retro prospective study (From 2006 till 2017) at Auditory implant centre in Madras ENT Research Foundation, which includes 24 children who had undergone ABI surgery and are being followed up for 1 year, post operatively. Aims were to study the anatomical variants and the outcomes of auditory brainstem implant implantation. To determine if different anatomical variants effect placement of ABI electrode. To assess the outcomes by Categories of auditory Performance (CAP) scores and Speech Intelligibility Ratings (SIR) scores. Results: All the candidates had significant audiological and verbal outcomes after the auditory brainstem implantation. Though, there was difficulty in insertion of the electrode in subjects with anatomical variants, the outcomes were comparable with other subjects.


In aluminized CoCrAlY coatings used for oxidation tests and for in-service gas turbine blades, a boundary diffusion layer is found at the boundary between the coating and the substrate. The square of the layer thickness is roughly proportional to time. By means of this relationship, there is a possibility that the temperature at any observed area of a blade can be estimated by measuring the layer thickness. However, application of this temperature estimation is limited due to change of diffusion behavior. Regardless of operating time and of observed locations in gas turbine blades, Al-content in the coating decreases almost proportionally to the thickness of the boundary diffusion layer. From this relationship, by finding the time when the boundary diffusion layer reaches the thickness corresponding to an Al-content equal to that in substrate, there is a possibility to predict the time when the Al-content in the coating decreases below that in the substrate. An estimation of Al-content was tried by examining two blades with different operating hours. As a result, the estimated Al-contents are almost equal to the measured ones. As for aluminized CoNiCrAlY coating, the behavior of the Al-content in the coating and of the boundary diffusion layer was examined in oxidation tests, and the possibility of estimating temperature and predicting Al-content is also shown.


This thesis comprises four essays on Political Economy with two main lines of research. Each line consists of two essays. In the first essay, Bischoff and Siemers (2013)'s model is extended. Their model considers two elections and predicts that the possibility exists that a party chooses to implement a purely good (yet unpopular) policy despite persistently biased beliefs, because retrospective voting will serve as a self-correction mechanism in democracy. Differently from Bischoff and Siemers (2013), this first essay considers T elections and the conclusion is that there are two possible equilibrium situations. One is equivalent to Bischoff and Siemers (2013) and, in the other, a possible equilibrium exists in which the party with a valence advantage is led to choose the purely good (yet unpopular) policy and the other party compensates the disadvantage by choosing the purely bad (yet popular) policy. The second essay combines three features of the political process: on one hand, biased beliefs about how public policies affect economic outcomes and retrospective voting, as in the first essay; and, on the other hand, the down-up characteristic of the effects of policies, that is, policies whose positive results are only observed in the long run. It can be concluded that the policy choices in equilibrium range between the purely good and purely bad. There is the possibility that a politician may opt for a good long term policy platform despite being in presence of both biased beliefs and down-up problem, in the condition that two elements are present: the politician is to a certain degree motivated to apply a good policy, and the benefits perceived by the politician are sufficiently high. The third essay enquires whether paths to power matter for the survival of ministers. In this work, four different paths to ministerial position are defined: "Parliamentary", "Party",


Objective To observe the effect of Tongxinluo capsule on acute myocardial infarction underwent emergency coronary scent with risks of no-reflow and short-term prognosis.Methods 120 patients with acute myocardial infarction were randomly divided into taking Tongxinluo group(treatment group,n=48)and without taking Tongxinluo capsule(control group,n=72),preoperative treatment group were continuously taking Tongxinluo more than I week(2 to 4,3 times a day),the control group didni taking Tongxinluo capsule by conventional methods underwent emergency stenting.TIMI flow grade intraoperative and postoperative corrected TIMI flow grade test frames(CTFC),cardiac function and so on.Results Treatment group were with no-reflow in five cases(10.4%),in the control group of 11 patients(15.3%),the two groups showed no significant difference(P0.05).CTFC postoperative in treatment group was(26.7±8.3)frame,the control group was(29.7±7.2)frames,2 groups' difference was statistically significant(P0.05).After one week,LVEF in treatment group was(52.7±8.0)%,is better than the control group with(48.5±8.8)%,NT-proBNP was(1217±1363)pg/ml in treatment group,lower than the control group with(1815±1493)Pg/ml(P0.05).Conclusion Preoperative to king Tongxinluo capsule cannot reduce stenting in acute myocardial infarction,the incidence of no-reflow,but still can improve coronary blood flow and improve cardiac function.


The main purpose of this study is to grasp a structural relationship among customer's perceived service quality, relationship quality(customer satisfaction, customer trust, customer commitment) and customer loyalty of the customers on the rural chinese internet shopping mall, of which the market size has been rapidly expanding. For this study, a survey is carried out the rural chinese consumers who have experience of purchasing products via internet shopping mall, then the results are used for statistical analysis. The results obtained by actual analysis are as follows.
First, among three kinds of service quality(interaction quality, outcome quality, physical environment quality), interaction quality and outcome quality have statistically a positive effect on customer satisfaction respectively. Secondly, among three kinds of relationship quality, customer satisfaction and customer commitment have statistically a positive influence on customer loyalty. Thirdly, in mutual relationship of three kinds of relationship quality, customer satisfaction has statistically a positive effect on customer trust and customer commitment and customer trust has statistically a positive influence on customer commitment.
Based on the results, a few points from the relationship marketing view shall be suggested for the companies running business on the rural chinese internet shopping mall.


VertiCal is a calibration system for eSys, a family of 32-bit automotive microcontrollers based on the PowerPC architecture. To utilize the calibration system, a common scale package among the derivatives is required and a table of universal pin locations including the calibration pins is properly defined. However, the inclusion of the calibration pins has induced an uncommon structure where two balls in the package are sharing a pad on the die. This structure has created some test challenges. This paper discusses in detail the problem, followed by approaches in analysis and experimental results


This paper proposes the optimization of interval type-2 fuzzy systems (IT2FSs) through continuous ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm. The optimized IT2FS consists of Mamdani-type fuzzy rules, where the antecedent and consequent parts use interval type-2 Gaussian fuzzy sets with uncertain means. Given the structure of an IT2FS, this paper proposes the optimization of all the free parameters in it through two types of continuous ACO algorithms. The first one is ant colony optimization in real space, where a colony of solution vectors is created with each vector comprising all of the free parameters in an IT2FS. The second one is cooperative continuous ACO (CCACO), where multiple colonies are created with each solution vector in a colony comprising only the free parameters in a single rule. Simulations are presented to the show the performance of the continuous ACO algorithms for IT2FS design with comparisons with different type-1 and type-2 fuzzy systems.


For spinal cord injury,the clinical treatment methods are generally surgical treatment,drug therapy,physical therapy,etc..In recent years,on the basis of mild hypothermia widely used in the craniocerebral injury,researches on its use in spinal cord injury and researches on its protection of intramedullary incision have been carried out.The current research status of mild hypothermia used in the treatment of spinal cord injury is summarized as follows,in order to provide a reliable method for the treatment of spinal cord injury.


This paper proposes an input waveform improvement using VIENNA Rectifier(three-phase/level/switch). VIENNA Rectifier is based on the combination of a three-phase diode bridge and dc/dc converter. It features low input current ripple and sinusoidal mains current form.


Background and Aims: Dexamethasone has a powerful anti-inflammatory action with significant analgesic benefits. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of dexamethasone administered through intravenous (IV) and caudal route on post-operative analgesia in paediatric inguinal herniotomy patients. Methods: One hundred and five paediatric patients undergoing inguinal herniotomy were included and divided into three groups. Each patient received a single caudal dose of ropivacaine 0.15%, 1.5 mL/kg combined with either corresponding volume of normal saline (Group 1) or caudal dexamethasone 0.1 mg/kg (Group 2) or IV dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg (Group 3). Baseline, intra- and post-operative haemodynamic parameters, pain scores, time to rescue analgesia, total analgesic consumption and adverse effects were evaluated for 24 h after surgery. Unpaired Student′s t-test and analysis of variance were applied for quantitative data and Chi-square test for qualitative data. Time to first analgesic administration was analysed by Kaplan-Meier survival analysis and log-rank test. Results: Duration of analgesia was significantly longer (P < 0.001), and total consumption of analgesics was significantly lower (P < 0.001) in Group II and III compared to Group I. The incidence of nausea and vomiting was higher in Group I (31.4%) compared to Group II and III (8.6%). Conclusions: Addition of dexamethasone both caudally or intravenously as an adjuvant to caudal 0.15% ropivacaine significantly reduced the intensity of post-operative pain and prolonged the duration of post-operative analgesia with the significant advantage of caudal over IV route.


This review focuses on the application of nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements to the study of solvent-solute interactions. It primarily deals with solutions of low molecular weight solutes and with aqueous protein solutions in an attempt to compare the approaches to these rather different systems. Magnetic resonance has been so widely used to characterize solution chemistry of all sorts that it is difficult to distinguish clearly between those experiments that deal directly with solvent-solute interactions and those that do not. This review therefore omits major areas of activity and makes no attempt to be comprehensive. Discussion of solvent or solute relaxation measurements in systems containing liquid crystals, lipids, polynucleotides, polysaccharides, inorganic solids such as clay, and most of the data on whole tissues is largely omitted for lack of space, not interest. Fundamental aspects of NMR have previously been presented (1-7). Reviews of magnetic resonance appear regularly in several series (8-12). Discussions of NMR relaxation and related topics appear in related review series (13-15). Grandly stated, the goal is to understand solutions. Unfortunately one is limited by the observations that are possible and the preconceived notions that are brought to the problem. For example, the existence of a solvent in the first coordination sphere of the transition metal ions is clearly documented. The first coordination sphere water molecules remain bonded to chromium(III) ions in water for times exceeding a day at room temperature, while other metal ions exchange solvent more rapidly (16). In either case the first coordination sphere is included in formu lating the chemistry of these ions; we write Cr(H20)�+, rather than Cr3+. The situation is less clear for other electrolyte ions such as the halide or alkali metal ions. One may expect to discover the coordination number for an ion by using a new experimental approach; however, if the solvent lifetime in the first coordination sphere region of the ion at a temperature of interest is not significantly longer than the time required for a solvent molecule to translate one jump length in the pure


Australia's urban built environment contributes significantly to the nation's greenhouse gas emissions; therefore, encouraging urban development to pursue low-carbon outcomes will aid in reducing carbon in the overall economy. Cities and urban areas are configured in precincts, which have been identified as an ideal scale for low-carbon technologies that address energy, water and waste. Even though new governance models and systems are being created to enable low-carbon precincts to operate with a degree of independence within a broader centralised utility structure, greater effort is required to refocus governance on this smaller scale of delivery. Furthermore, at this time, no consistent carbon accounting framework is in place to measure emissions or emission reductions at this scale, thereby limiting the ability to acknowledge or reward progressive, sustainable low-carbon developments. To respond to this situation, a framework is proposed that could form both the basis of a carbon certification scheme for the built environment and provide a platform for generating carbon credits from urban development.


Partial melting of carbonated phosphate-bearing peridotites was studied experimentally between 20 and 35 kbars. Liquids equilibrated at about 1100° C are characterized by the predominance of a dolomitic component with substantial concentrations of phosphate (about 20 wt % P 2 O 5 ) and sodium carbonate. With decreasing temperature and increasing pressure the Ca/(Mg + Fe) ratios of these melts become lower. Uraninite was added to some of the experimental charges. Apatite-liquid partition coefficients of uranium were found to be in the range 0.15-0.3, while for clinopyroxene, orthopyroxene, and olivine they are below c. 0.01. Thus, carbonate-phosphate melts would extract uranium intensely from the rock-forming minerals of mantle peridotites


Purpose This study was undertaken to determine individual renal function in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Materials and Methods The authors initially examined (study t1) 25 patients with ADPKD (12 female, 13 male; ages 18 to 68 years). The serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate, measured by Tc-99m DTPA, were 1.5 ± 0.56 mg/dl and 65.7 ± 31 ml·minute-1·1.73 m2, respectively. Thirteen patients had a follow-up study (t2) 2 years after their initial evaluations. Individual renal function was assessed on Tc-99m DMSA renal scans. Results The mean (± SD) difference between left kidney DMSA (DMSA-L) and right kidney DMSA (DMSA-R) was 7.04 % ± 16.48%. In 20 patients (80%), the left kidney had a lower percentage contribution to the total renal function compared with the right kidney. When the results of the two studies were compared, deterioration in renal function was noted. In the t1 study, the mean serum creatinine concentration and glomerular filtration rate were 1.7 mg/dl and 67.02 ml·minute-1·1.73 m2 respectively, and in the t2 study these values were 2.01 mg/dl and 57.15 ml·minute-1·1.73 m2, respectively. No difference, however, was found in individual renal function in the two studies. Conclusions In patients with ADPKD, the percentage contribution of each kidney to total renal function is not equal and remains stable during the progression of renal failure.


Significance Single-cell copy number variations (CNVs) reflect genetic variation and evolutionary. The accuracy of copy number variations counting relies on the fidelity of single-cell genome amplification. Herein, a unique single-cell copy number counting was prepared by directly fragmenting and amplifying the original single-cell DNA. With the depletion of reduplicative fragments, the retained reads would represent the original DNA template for counting. Benefiting from the digital counting of copy number, dd-scCNV Seq showed an increase in uniformity in the single-molecule data, leading to more accurate CNV patterns compared to other methods with low-depth sequencing. Combination with digital microfluidics, digital counting of single-cell Copy Number Variation Seq enabled precise single-cell isolation and high-efficiency and low-cost genome library preparation.


Summary Transgenic rice ( Oryza sativa L.) containing two agronomically useful genes was generated using Agrobacterium LBA4404 with an additional virulence plasmid, virG (pTiBo542)/ virE1virE2 (pTiA6). The plants were transformed with phosphinothricin acetyl transferase ( pat ) gene for herbicide resistance and Bacillus thuringiensis ( Bt ) crystal insecticidal protein gene for insect resistance. Three different sets of primary plants expressing (1) the pat and Bt genes, (2) the pat gene and a fragmented (nonfunctional) copy of the Bt gene, or (3) the pat gene only were produced. Stable integration, expression and transmission of the transferred genes in T 0 and T 1 generation plants were confirmed by both molecular analysis and phenotype expression. The herbicide application test of the progeny from the three sets of primary plants showed that the transferred pat gene was stably expressed in the T 1 generation. The insect feeding bioassay with T 1 generation plants conferring resistance to herbicide established that the transgenic plants having a complete Bt gene were toxic to tobacco budworm ( Heliothis virescens ) larvae. The insect feeding bioassay and herbicide application test results were clearly correlated with the molecular analysis.


Window-based attention has become a popular choice in vision transformers due to its superior performance, lower computational complexity, and less memory footprint. However, the design of hand-crafted windows, which is data-agnostic, constrains the flexibility of transformers to adapt to objects of varying sizes, shapes, and orientations. To address this issue, we propose a novel quadrangle attention (QA) method that extends the window-based attention to a general quadrangle formulation. Our method employs an end-to-end learnable quadrangle regression module that predicts a transformation matrix to transform default windows into target quadrangles for token sampling and attention calculation, enabling the network to model various targets with different shapes and orientations and capture rich context information. We integrate QA into plain and hierarchical vision transformers to create a new architecture named QFormer, which offers minor code modifications and negligible extra computational cost. Extensive experiments on public benchmarks demonstrate that QFormer outperforms existing representative vision transformers on various vision tasks, including classification, object detection, semantic segmentation, and pose estimation. The code will be made publicly available at \href{https://github.com/ViTAE-Transformer/QFormer}{QFormer}.


Computation of the stability limit of systems with time delay is essential in many research and industrial applications. Most of the computational methods consider the exact model of the system, and do not take into account the uncertainties. However, the stability charts are highly sensitive to the change of input parameters, such as eigenfrequency and time-delay. Furthermore, the computation of the dense stability lobe structure is numerically intensive; however, in some cases an envelope of these stability boundaries would be sufficient. A method has been developed to determine the robust stability limits of delayed dynamical systems, which is insensitive to fluctuation of system parameters. It is shown, that the resultant robust stability limits form the lower envelopes of the stability lobe structure.


In this paper,the relation between metrizable spaces and spaces with σ locally finite cs  network or spaces with σ locally finite sequential neighborhood network are established by sequence covering σ mapping


A novel multiple audio watermarking algorithm based on vector quantization technique and DCT transformation is proposed.To accomplish the purpose of copyright protection and content integrity authentication at the same time,the robust and fragile watermarks are both embedded into the carrier audio signal.The robust watermark is embedded into the middle frequency coefficients of DCT during the codeword labeled vector quantization process,and the fragile watermark is embedded into the high frequency DCT coefficients by using the index constrained method.Blind extraction can be achieved both for the robust and fragile watermarks.The simulation results indicate that the induced distortion by watermark embedding is small,and the robust watermark can resist to most of the common attacks.At the same time,the fragile watermark can accomplish the effective location to the random substitute falsify.


Background: Postgraduate students often live with an excessive amount of stress, which can have negative academic, emotional and health-related outcomes. Aim: To examine perceived stress and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) students compared to non-pharmacy master's students (Non-MPharm). Method: The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), SF-12v2 survey and a questionnaire instruments were used to measure stress, HRQOL and factors that MPharm students believed produced and alleviated stress, respectively. Results: One hundred percent of MPharm students (n=26) and 88% of Non-MPharm students (n=100) participated in this study. The mean PSS scores were insignificantly different between the MPharm students and Non-MPharm students. Negative correlations were found between stress and mental and physical HRQOL in MPharm students. However, only negative correlation between stress and mental HRQOL in Non-MPharm students. Conclusion: MPharm students reported relatively lower levels of stress and mental HRQOL than Non-MPharm students did.


Print quality detection studied in the paper is a method to obtain qualified print images as a template through a color camera,and then transfer the printing images under the test from the production line to a computer for comparative analysis with a qualified difference.The template image that does not match the template to a certain extent will be regarded as unqualified defective.The premise of the accurate and smooth differential comparison is that the test print images and the template images are accurately aligned in space,i.e.matched each other.The speed and accuracy of the matching will have an important impact on later test results,so a fast and accurate matching algorithm is particularly important.


Distributed problem solving, which often involves an intricate network of interconnected tasks carried out by hundreds of actors, is fundamental to the creation of manmade systems 1 as well as the organization of work in biological systems 2. Here we analyze, for the first time, the statistical properties of four human large-scale distributed task networks. We find that the distribution of outgoing communication links is scale-free 3-6 (power law decay) with or without a cutoff 7-10. The distribution of incoming information flows always has a cutoff, and when both distributions have cutoffs the incoming distribution has a cutoff that is lower by more than a factor of two. The functional significance of this asymmetric topology can be explained by considering the dynamical interactions that take place in distributed problem solving. The study of many 'real-world' social, biological and technological networks 11 have been shown to be neither completely regular nor completely random. Instead, these networks are typified as " small-world " networks 11, 12 , combining the large degree local clustering of connections characteristic of regular networks with the small average path length of random graphs. Empirical work shows that the total node degree distribution of


quakes resulted in severe damage to engineering works. Extensive laboratory investigations1)-10) on this liquefaction phenomenon have been conducted by many soil engineers for many years, especially since the Niigata earthquake of 1964 which provided much valuable information of this phenomenon. Some important conclusions have been obtained, on the necessary combination of soil conditions and vibratory deformations leading to liquefaction and on the liquefaction process, from these studies. Unfortunately only a few attempts, however, seem to have been made to study this phenomenon in a quantitative way. Ref. 9) may be one of such works of solving case problem in Niigata. The present


Researchers are often interested in understanding the relationship between a set of covariates and a set of response variables. To achieve this goal, the use of regression analysis, either linear or generalized linear models, is largely applied. However, such models only allow users to model one response variable at a time. Moreover, it is not possible to directly calculate from the regression model a correlation measure between the response variables. In this article, we employed the Multivariate Generalized Linear Mixed Models framework, which allows the specification of a set of response variables and calculates the correlation between them through a random effect structure that follows a multivariate normal distribution. We used the maximum likelihood estimation framework to estimate all model parameters using Laplace approximation to integrate out the random effects. The derivatives are provided by automatic differentiation. The outer maximization was made using a general-purpose algorithm such as PORT and Broyden–Fletcher–Goldfarb–Shanno algorithm (BFGS). We delimited this problem by studying count response variables with the following distributions: Poisson, negative binomial, Conway-Maxwell-Poisson (COM-Poisson), and double Poisson. While the first distribution can model only equidispersed data, the second models equi and overdispersed, and the third and fourth models all types of dispersion (i.e. including underdispersion). The models were implemented on software R with package TMB, based on C++ templates. Besides the full specification, models with simpler structures in the covariance matrix were considered (fixed and common variance, and ρ set to 0) and fixed dispersion. These models were applied to a dataset from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, where two response variables are underdispersed and one can be considered equidispersed that were measured at 1281 subjects. The double Poisson full model specification overcame the other three competitors considering three goodness-of-fit measures: Akaike Information Criteria (AIC), Bayesian Information Criteria (BIC), and maximized log-likelihood. Consequently, it estimated parameters with smaller standard error and a greater number of significant correlation coefficients. Therefore, the proposed model can deal with multivariate count responses and measures the correlation between them taking into account the effects of the covariates.


High sports performance is inseparable from coaching that is carried out as early as possible through talent search and monitoring, nurseries, sports education and training based on science and technology more effectively. Scouting talent can be seen from physical, skill, and psychological tests. Making accurate and valid predictions about an athlete's long-term success in professional sports is probably a difficult aspect. But until now, personality profiles as general psychological indicators have not yet become a calculation in this evaluative process; and thus, their predictive utility in the talent identification process has not been adequately tested (A. Aidman, 2007). This study describes a personality profile for talent identification for primary and secondary school students in Magelang and Pekalongan. Myers Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was used to measure psychometric personality. This consists of 4 main components, namely: focus attention, get information, decision making, and assessment of the outside world. The sample in this study were 354 students in Magelang and 324 students in Pekalongan.


The current educational emphasis on the "global community" misses the most immediate and concrete area where students can make a difference: the locality. Without negating the importance of having a sense of responsibility toward the global community, a pedagogy of place argues that children cannot comprehend, much less feel a commitment toward, issues and problems in distant places until they have a well-grounded knowledge of their own place. The place that one inhabits can teach about the interdependency of social and natural systems. Understanding a pedagogy of place is understanding the purpose of education: the development of competence, care, and appreciation in political, environmental, and aesthetic areas. Two public secondary schools serving poor students in Colombia promote a pedagogy of place that defends the integrity of the community and surrounding environment. Fernandez Guerra Secondary School in the semi-urban town of Santander de Quilichao uses an interdisciplinary approach in which each grade focuses on a locally relevant theme and a social or ecological project. Tomas Herrera Cantillo Secondary School in the isolated village of Penoncito engages students in organic agriculture and animal husbandry projects relevant to sustainable community development. Examples show how the schools transmit competence, care, and appreciation in the direction of political, aesthetic, and environmental awareness and also prepare students for national standardized tests and avoid parochialism. (Contains 17


After the succesful development of reverse two stage fume dry scrubbing technology in China,it improves a lot in terms of scrubbing efficiency,gaining the attentions of its optimized scrubbing mechanism and economic running.


A multi-tenant Software as a Service (SaaS) application is a highly configurable software that allows its owner to serve multiple tenants, each with their own workflows, workloads and Service Level Objectives (SLOs). Tenants are usually organizations that serve several users and the application appears to be a different one for each tenant. However, in practice, multi-tenant SaaS applications limit the diversity of tenants by clustering them in a few categories (e.g. premium, standard) with predefined SLOs. Additionally, this coarse-grained clustering reduces the advantage of these multi-tenant ecosystems over single tenant architectures to share dynamically virtual resources between tenants based on their own workload profile and elasticity adaptation decisions. To address this limitation, we propose a multi-agent elasticity management where each tenant is represented by a reinforcement learning agent that performs elasticity adaptations based on a new technical debt perspective, and make use of debt attributes (i.e. amnesty, interest) to form autonomous coalitions that minimise the effect of the unavoidable imperfections in any elasticity management approach. We extended CloudSim and Burlap to evaluate our approach. The simulation results indicate that our debt-aware multi-agent elasticity management preserves the diversity of tenants and reduces SLO violations without affecting the aggregate utility of the application owner.


For the purpose of optimizing the technological parameter for chimonanthus tea scenting technique,the effects on organoleptic quality and main biochemical of chimonanthus tea for the scenting factors by means of orthogonal design experiment on four factors of three levels were studied.Results showed that the scenting temperature and the water content of tea affected obviously on shape and color of drying tea,while the temperature affected significantly on their aroma,taste and general quality.Effects of time and flower weight percentage on amino acids and solble sugar were significant,while effects of temperature and water content of tea on chlorophyll b content were significant.The optimum combinations of technological parameters were determined as follow: time 30~40 h,flower weight percentage about 70%,temperature 14.5 ℃~18.5 ℃,and water content of tea about 18%.


This dissertation examines ten of the United States' leading women's colleges within the dual contexts of their development and ever-fluctuating public image. It traces their struggle to become liberal arts institutions on a par with the most prestigious men's colleges, as well as the mainstream public's uneasy fascination with them and habit of both honoring the colleges as beacons of ideal womanhood and damning them for the non-normative social, political, and sexual ideologies they supposedly promote. American cultural discourse has long connected education and citizenship, and women's education has never been free of the larger debate over women's role and authority in American life. The public has long taken for granted its right to inspect, comment upon, and police that education. Added to this proprietary sense is an ingrained cultural ambivalence toward educated women, and both a fascination with and skepticism of autonomous women's environments. As a result, few institutions have felt the weight of public scrutiny as acutely as women's colleges. As wealthy colleges associated with the privileged classes that long dominated American politics, they are literally part of the elite. But as women's institutions, predicated on the belief that women are capable of and entitled to the sam e education as men, they are not only fundamentally different from the status quo, but potentially at odds with it as well. Focusing on the years between Mount Holyoke College's founding in 1837 and its centenary in 1937, this dissertation discusses the first four generations of women to pursue higher education-the "Seminary" (1837-65), "first" (1865-90), "second" (1890-1920), and "third" (1920-40) generations. It also examines the external social and political forces that made higher education for women both increasingly attractive and increasingly suspicious, and the volatile tides of public opinion that the colleges had to navigate. Between 1837 and 1937, these elite colleges emerged as the nation's most visible seats of women's autonomy, and thus as a prime location for anxieties about American women. The colleges captured public attention because of the audacity of their ambition to offer the sam e education that had for centuries represented masculine education and power. They kept that attention because of the inherent mystique exercised by an all-female community and because the public has always sensed the contradiction that lies at the colleges' core: They are simultaneously bastions of privilege and potenial engines of radical change. Neither image is more or less accurate than the other and both have profoundly shaped the colleges' actual experiences as well as popular understandings of them. The national conversation about these colleges has served as a forum in which Americans have debated not only the role and purpose of the educated woman, but also issues of women's citizenship, their expected contributions to society, and even the very definition of desirable, normative womanhood.


1. MD PhD, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, CA, USA. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6878-8189. 2. MD PhD, Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, and Urology, University of California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, CA, USA. Email: AntonioCarlos. email@example.com. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0071-4989. Obesity and metabolic syndrome are well recognized public health issues that affect the populations of many countries. Any effort aimed at addressing the problem should be praised. The work of Pescatori et al.(1) published in this issue of Radiologia Brasileira evaluated the interand intra-observer variability of visceral fat measurements made on T1and T2-weighted magnetic resonance (MR) images and compared these measurements to those obtained using computed tomography (CT) images. Thirty-one patients who had a CT and MR scan done within 90 days of each other were included in this study. Unenhanced CT and T1and T2-weighted MR images were copied into a separate workstation loaded with OsiriX. Two readers independently measured the area of visceral fat on single slice acquired at the level of the umbilicus utilizing a semi-automated tool. According to their results, visceral fat measurements obtained with MR images are accurate when compared to CT scan measurements. Furthermore, all methods have high interand intra-observer reproducibility, though T1-weighted images may be less reproducible. A critical analysis of any published study is always recommended for understanding of its results and conclusions. With retrospective studies, for example, we must examine the effect potential biases might have had on the results presented. In addition, the evaluation of any diagnostic test must always consider other existing alternatives, which may have advantages (e.g. greater availability, high accuracy, lower cost, or better safety profile) that may favor its use. As the authors acknowledge, images obtained at the level of the umbilicus (or at any other location) may not be comparable at two different time points because of changes in position of bowel, differences in breathing, or even changes in weight. It would not be unexpected for some patients to lose or gain enough fat in 90 days to impact the results of this study, particularly oncologic patients (n = 14/31) and patients with inflammatory bowel disease (n = 5/31). It would have been interesting, therefore, if the authors had reported the patient weight or body mass index (BMI) at the time of scanning. Another approach to account for these possible variations is to measure visceral fat in more than one slice, as the authors recognize. This would indeed add complexity to the process, but would have minimized the impact of existing variations. Clinical tools are not flawless, and certainly not as accurate as cross-sectional imaging to determine the volume of visceral fat. Yet, these are methods that can be quickly utilized during any office visit. BMI, for example, is an established method to define obesity and is reliable enough to screen patients who might be at higher risk of metabolic syndrome and its associated ailments. The goal of imaging, therefore, should not be to replace these tools, but to improve upon them. Cross-sectional imaging is able to provide us with an accurate estimate of visceral fat area or volume, but it is usually not practical to obtain these measurements routinely. It is clear that a simpler method of estimating both visceral and total fat is desirable. Furthermore, if one considers cost and time, it is unlikely that clinicians would request a dedicate scan, even if a limited one, to assess the extent of visceral fat. Yet, the assessment of visceral fat may have a role in a comprehensive scan that investigates a more extensive set of imaging biomarkers, for example liver stiffness, fat, and inflammation. If radiologists want to disseminate imaging biomarkers, two barriers must be overcome: limited integration of proprietary software to the workflow and lack of standardization of measurements. Until the various PACS platforms permit the easy integration of vendor-neutral plugins, the need for separate workstations and the inability to perform the same calculations across centers will hinder these efforts. Lack of a set of standards for calculating quantitative imaging parameters makes the matter worse. The main imaging societies are pursuing these initiatives, but meanwhile academicians who use "home-built" tools in research should be encouraged to make those tools freely available to others. The use of a widely available open tool as OSIRIX is a step in the right direction, as it


The invention relates to a levocetirizine preparation method and a levocetirizine dihydrochloride preparation method. Levocetirizine is prepared through a synthesis route shown in the specification, and levocetirizine dihydrochloride is prepared through hydrochlorinating the prepared levocetirizine to form a salt, and recrystallizing the salt. The preparation method which adopts cheap and easily available Pd-M/C to realize the catalytic oxidation of L-hydroxyzine as a catalyst in order to prepare levocetirizine realizes the high conversion rate of the substrate L-hydroxyzine and the high selectivity and high optical purity of the target product levocetirizine, and is an environmentally-friendly technology.


It has been stated that the only real obstacle to push-button warfare is the design of an adequate switch. Unfortunately, aircraft switch design and application have lagged behind the need of the industry. One of the most effective ways to shorten this lag is to learn more about switches and switching problems. In this regard a scientific switch-testing procedure is proposed in this article. Consideration is given to factors that determine switch merit. These factors include insulation, contact operation, peak voltage transients, and switch mechanisms. Simulation of inductive loads is discussed as a means of obtaining more realistic test results.


Background: It is generally known that, during exercise, physiological conditions may lead to significant difference of glucose concentration in the tissue when compared to blood. During several camps, the readings of real-time continuous glucose monitoring (rtCGM) measuring interstitial fluid glucose (IG) were compared to that of fingerstick SMBGs (self-monitoring glucose concentrations in the blood—BG). Deviations up to 40% were recorded at times. The choice of the sensor insertion site may have an impact on the observed deviations. Localized glucose utilization in a specific muscle group may result in marked differences between the IG and BG. A pilot study was done to assess differences in rtCGM accuracy with respect to SMBG when sensors are inserted in different sites during aerobic exercise. Methods: We enrolled 10 individuals for a 50 mile bike ride. 7 participants had Type 1 Diabetes (T1D), and 3 were healthy volunteers. Study participants wore 3 Dexcom G6 sensors simultaneously, inserted (A) in the upper arm, (B) in the abdomen, (C) in the thigh. Patients were required to take a fingerstick at the beginning of the ride, and every 30 minutes during the ride. For improving the accuracy of SMBG, a BG was taken twice from the same sample. A total of 11 samples per participant were collected. Accuracy was assessed in terms of Mean Absolute Relative Difference (MARD). In addition, the average and standard deviation (SD) of the errors of all samples (Bias) were shown. Diabetes therapy was provided during the study via the patient's own rtCGM sensor. Results: A summary of the participants' characteristics and the accuracy metrics is reported in the Table 1—MARD was different for the 3 different sites, with the arm being the most accurate. Our results indicate that wearing the sensor on the abdomen or the thigh during aerobic exercise (bike riding) may result in sensor readings that seem to have a minimal low bias, as can be seen from Table 1 where the Average % of deviation (Bias) is reported. The Bias was doubled and negative, which means that the CGM values are too low compared to the BG. Conclusion: Our pilot study indicates that during aerobic exercise involving sustained bike riding, the rtCGM worn on the arm provided the most accurate readings. This may help patients in the choice of the best site insertion, when they plan to go for exercise. Wearing the sensor on the thigh is not recommended as it provides the least accurate readings (note: the thigh is not an approved sensor wear site per the rtCGM label). No significant difference was found in the sensor accuracy between healthy participants and participants with T1D. In our study, the MARD values in the area of the upper arm and abdominal area were not so different from the values reported by the manufacturer. Guillot et al.1 shows very similar deviations in aerobic and anaerobic sessions over 30 minutes in his exercise study. But the sensor position is not specified. Also in the study of Li et al.,2 deviations during aerobic exercise of up to 18% during the training and 11% in the phase 45 minutes afterwards are named. In a study of pregnant women in the 1st trimester,3 the MARD values were calculated as a function of the different sensor positions with abdomen, upper buttock 1036756 DSTXXX10.1177/19322968211036756Journal of Diabetes Science and TechnologyMüller-Korbsch et al research-article2021


The economic's development also bring urbanization and industrialization in many countries. However, many pollutants are also discharged into the environment, especially heavy metals (Zinc) seriously affects people's life and health as well as the water environment. This study reports on the preparation of activated carbon materials modified with HNO3 from Cassia Fistula seed for heavy metal removal. The results showed that zinc removal efficiencies were 65.06%; 72.19%; 75.64%; 78.57% corresponds to concentrations of 50, 30, 20, 10 ppm at optimal survey conditions pH 5, dosage of 0.3 g/50ml and 60 minutes processing time. The research results show that the activated carbon modified with HNO3 from Cassia Fistula seed is a promising absorption material for heavy metal removal in wastewater.


The SCATS system, reputedly the first fully traffic-adaptive system in the world, was developed in the 1970's in Sydney, Australia, and installed throughout Melbourne progressively from 1980. Melbourne, Australia's second largest city and Victoria's capital, has a population of 3.4 million and is spread over an area of approximately 1700 square kilometres. There are over 2,800 sets of traffic signals in Melbourne, of which 2,400 are on arterial roads and connected to SCATS. SCATS differed greatly from the more generally used fixed time systems in that traffic management was no longer based upon rigid time of day/day of week patterns. SCATS is able to adjust its traffic control parameters in accordance with the traffic demand as measured in the street via loop vehicle detectors mounted in the road surfaces at each stop line. Its mechanism of adjustment is through variation to Splits (Proportion of Red, Green) Cycles (Time between successive Greens and Offsets (delay between Greens at successive junctions). Thus instantaneous changes in traffic demand due to incidents could be automatically handled by the system. Such incidents might include motor accidents, major sporting events or an unexpected drastic change in the weather causing hundreds of beach patrons to return home hours before normal expectations.


The paper examines the principles underlying the approaches adopted to the regulation of traffic at intersections in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Australia and New Zealand and comments upon their relevance to local conditions. It is argued that adoption of offside priority (giving way to the right whilst driving on the left) rather than either of the alternatives (giving way to the left or major/ minor roads) has proved increasingly inappropriate to modern traffic conditions as well as detrimental to urban amenity. Further it is argued that the requirement in the United States 'to yield the right of way', right of way itself being defined as a privilege, is conducive to safer driver behaviour than the creation of the obligation 'to give way' which applies in Australia. The Australian experience is specifically documented in the hope of laying to rest any notions that offside priority is a viable proposition. A major/ minor system of right of way based on a 't' junction rule, 'give way' signs and 'stop' signs is proposed instead (a).


ABSTRACT ABSTRACT Microbiota contributes a crucial part in the human hosts' health and actively provides to the emergence of various diseases. The optimal composition of healthy intestinal microbiota varies from person to person. The more various and abundant of the microbiota, the greater their resistance to outside hazards. Colonization of the microbiota in the human body starts after delivery and develops continuously from infant to adult. The largest microbial colony is constructed in the lower part of the adult human digestive tract. The composition of the human intestinal microbiota alters promptly during the beginning of life and is steady. It has been described the close relationship among dysbiosis of the intestinal microbiota with intestinal and non-intestinal diseases. Nevertheless, it is uncertain whether dysbiosis is the culprit of the disease or only as a result of the disease. Human microbiota's role must be investigated more deeply so that later it can be developed for the prevention, diagnosis of disease, and more effective treatment strategies in the future. In this minireview, we will describe the development of the gut microbiota, its interaction with our bodily systems and defense, the multiple causes of dysbiosis, and its impact on several metabolic in inflammatory diseases in humans. With this insight, it is hoped that we can be more cautious about using antibiotics, avoid things that lead to dysbiosis, and handle diseases more holistically, putting the balance of the microbiota into account. Keywords: human, microbiota, gastrointestinal tract, dysbiosis, health and disease Corresponding author : firstname.lastname@example.com


Objective To explore the clinical significance of near-infrared autofluorescence (NIA) combined with optical coherence tomography (OCT) in patients with choroidal rupture in the posterior pole of the retina.Methods Eleven (11 eyes) with choroidal rupture or combined with subretinal hemorrhage in the posterior pole of the retina were examined by fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA),NIA and OCT inspection,and recorded the results of the length of the choroidal rupture measured respectively on NIA and FFA images.Results Both FFA and NIA could show the choroidal ruptures in 8 patients with no subretinal hemorrhage,there were no significant differences between the two groups in the length measure of the choroidal rupture (t =1.06,P =0.31>0.05).OCT could display the location of the choroidal rupture and the relationship with macular fovea from section.NIA combined with OCT could bring a three-dimensional evaluation and follow-up the change of subreitnal hemorrhage in 3 patients with choroidal rupture.The examination time of NIA combined with OCT was about 35.56% of FFA,and the cost was about 38.64% of FFA.Conclusions NIA and OCT are both noninvasive examination,NIA combined with OCT can bring a more simple and economic assessment patients with choroidal rupture or combined with subretinal hemorrhage in the posterior pole of the retina.

Key words:
Near-infrared autofluorescence;  Optical coherence tomography;  Fundus fluorescein angiography;  Choroidal rupture


This paper focused on the norms of Corporate Social Responsibility(CSR) towards achieving a sustainable development and the role of United Nations in developing new human rights orientated in entrenching CSR particularly on Multinational Corporations (MNCs), With an increasing interest in Corporate Social Responsibility Issues, the pertinent question to ask is "Is Corporate Social Responsibility within the least developed countries a mere farce or fallacy? This paper analyzed the social and environmental aspects of CSR by the multinational oil corporations which operate in Nigeria, Africa's most populous nation and it was seen that the MNCs which operate in Nigeria function below internationally recognized and acceptable standards of operation. In addition, it also identified the issue of corrupt governments which the MNCs may have to face assuming their pursuit of CSR policies. It was seen that the social unrest as evidenced by the increase in oil pipeline sabotage, kidnappings and other such vices are mere symptoms, the cause being the flagrant abuse of CSR by MNCs and the corruption and complacency of the government in ignoring the enforcement of the rule of law. Furthermore, the role of the UN was highlighted by showing some initiatives put in place to ensure all round sustainability such as the Global Compact and the Millennium Development Goals. Finally, the paper concluded by showing that the responsibility of entrenching CSR within MNCs does not entirely lie on the UN, but on the management of the MNCs and the host countries within which they operate.


The quantitative alteration of activities of various enzymes in plants following infection has been well documented1-5). Peroxidase, in particular, has been of a great interest to researchers on disease resistance because of its possible role in the biosynthesis of phytoalexin6), ethylene7) and lignin8), and oxidation of phenolics9). That peroxidase undergoes qualitative changes after infection has been demonstrated in various host-parasite combinations10-15). Since individual isoperoxidases have been implicated in various biochemical processes16,17), the appearance of new isoperoxidases following infection has been attracting considerable attention, Although the appearance of new isoperoxidases in indica rice variety infected by rice blast fungus has been recently reported in India14), the authors could not detect similar changes in the electrophoretic patterns of peroxidase in compatible and incompatible combinations of japonica varieties and races of rice blast fungus18). This paper reports the results of the investigations on the isoperoxidase changes in indica, japonica and intermediate varieties infected by Japanese and foreign isolates of rice blast fungus. The abstract was partly reported elsewhere19). The following were the twenty-nine rice varieties used in this study: Te-tep, Tadukan, Wag-Wag, Raminad Str. 3, Np-125, Usen, Chokoto, Yakeiko, C.I. 5309, Shatiao-tsao P, S, Rexoro, Dular (indica), Zenith, Lacrosse, Pi No.1, 3, 5, Fukunishiki, Sensho (intermediate), Caloro, Taichung 65, Ishikarishiroke, Homarenishiki, Ginga, Aichiasahi, Norin 20, 22, Kanto 51 (japonica). These varieties were the stocks in Natl. Inst. Agric. Sci., Tokyo (NIAS) and the donations from IRRI. The isolates of Pyricularia oryzae Cav. used for inoculation were Ken 53-11 (C-1), Hoku 373 (N-1),


Objective To exposure the gender consciousness and its effects on premarital sexual behavior among young students in Beijing.Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 2738 students in selected 6 senior high schools and colleges in Beijing with self-administered anonymous questionnaire,they were sampled by stratified clustering random.The students' gender consciousness and its effects on premarital sexual behaviors would be analyzed in the paper. Results The questions about gender consciousness were scored and averaged at first,if the average score was close to 1,it meant the gender consciousness was tent to "equality of men and women",if close to 0,it tent to "inequality of men and women".The total score of all the students that surveyed was 0.394,boys,girls,senior high school students and university students were 0.302,0.445,0.362 and 0.420 respectively;and their rates of sexual behavior were 19.2%,7.7%,13.8% and 10.3% respectively,with the total rate 11.9%;gender consciousness had statistical correlation with the occurrence of sexual behavior(P0.01) and had no statistical correlation with "who make requests of sex" and "use contraceptive measures or not" at first sexual behavior(P0.05).Conclusion The students were more likely to keep the traditional gender consciousness of "inequality of men and women",and the gender consciousness was one of the factors influencing premarital sexual behaviors.There is great significance of establishing the gender consciousness of "equality of men and women" among the young students,and the joint efforts of the society,school and family are needed to achieve the goal.


The International Union's World Radiocommunication Conference (WRC) is scheduled to convene in Geneva, Switzerland, on October 15, 2007. The first of such worldwide conferences since 2003, WRC '07 includes about 25 substantive items on the agenda dealing with possible changes to the Radio Regulations. A few of these items are briefly discussed to provide readers with a feel for the diversity of issues that come up at these conferences and their possible impacts on wireless technology


In urban centers, the most important genera of termite pests are Cryptotermes (Kalotermitidae), Coptotermes (Rhinotermitidae) and Nasutitermes (Termitidae). Results obtained with plant extracts for termites control show that they may be a potential cheap control method. In Brazil, the phytopharmacological collection is still understudied, more investigations on the biological proprieties of forests species that present toxicity to xylophagous insects are needed. The goal of this paper is to test the antifeedant and repellent potential of Tachigali paniculata and Peltogyne venosa (Fabaceae) against Cryptotermes brevis (Walker) (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae). Ethanolic tested extracts were obtained from P. venosa and T. paniculata bark. The experiment was performed in Petri dishes containing filter paper impregnated with 0.1; 1; 2; 5 and 10% concentrations of cited extracts. Each Petri dish was considered as an experimental unit, containing ten pseudo-workers and a soldier. The experiment was observed during 30 days. Bark extracts from P. venosa and T. paniculata presented antifeedant activity (p < 0.0001) for C. brevis, however, only P. venosa showed an increase in mortality when compared to other treatments (P < 0.001, F3.76 = 27.296). Tests with extracts from other parts of the plants in question are recommended for future studies. Furthermore, we suggest the use of solvents with different polarities for new mortality tests, since the preliminary studies identified potential insecticide compounds, like alkaloids and saponins.


Prologue Part I: Origins 1. Definition and Theories of European Integration 1945 - 1995 2. The Impact and Significance of the European Federalist Movements and the Council of Europe 1949 3. Conditions in Europe and America and British Policies 1945 - 1949: Integration of Cooperation? Part II: Development 4. The Schuman Plan 1950 and the European Coal and Steel Community 1951 5. German Rearmament, the European Defence Community and the Demise of the European Army 1950 - 54 6. From Common Market to a Single Market: the Treaties of Rome 1957 to the Treaty on European Union 1992 Epilogue


Contents: Introduction The invisible woman? The participation of women on club scenes Gendered experience of club spaces Negotiating the night time economy: women as drug dealers, DJs and club promoters Pleasure and risk: drug use and club scenes Safety, sexuality in the club and in the city Consuming and producing club spaces: the negotiation of risk and pleasure by clubbing women Bibliography Index.


It has been a wonderful honour and privilege to serve as Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Clinical Nursing for the past several years, and as Editor for several years prior to that. Joining the editorial team in 2007, I was very fortunate to have the opportunity to learn much about editing from Professor Roger Watson who was Editor-in-Chief when I was first appointed, and then was very honoured to have the opportunity to step into his shoes when he took up his post at the Journal of Advanced Nursing. I am enormously indebted to Roger and the team at Wiley, and to each and every one of the editorial team I have worked with over the years; all of whom have helped to make the journal into what it is today - not only the largest nursing journal in the world, but a journal that is internationally respected and recognised as an authoritative voice for all areas of nursing research, theory and practice .


Biodegradation of Diphenylamine by Burkholderia sp. Strain JS667: 1 Pathway and Evolutionary Implications 2 3 Running Title: Biodegradation of Diphenylamine 4 5 Kwanghee A. Shin, Jim C. Spain * 6 7 School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., 8 Atlanta, Georgia 30332-0512 9 10 11 12 *Corresponding author 13 Mailing address: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of 14 Technology, 311 Ferst Dr., Atlanta, GA 30332-0512. Phone: (404) 894-0628. Fax: (404) 89415 8266. E-mail: email@example.com 16 Copyright © 2009, American Society for Microbiology and/or the Listed Authors/Institutions. All Rights Reserved. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.02198-08 AEM Accepts, published online ahead of print on 27 February 2009


area least challenged in teacher education.&dquo;' On the other hand, there does not seem to be &dquo;... strong research evidence regarding the value of student teaching.&dquo;2 Although the desirability of student teaching is not often questioned by educators, critics, or students, studies of the value of this training are often based upon opinions rather than upon observable changes in behavior. From the studies which have been made of teacher be-


A new amphiphilic Pluronic (F68)-PLGA copolymer, which can be used to prepare the stealth or long-circulating nanoparticles, was synthesized with Pluronic (F68), DL-Lactide, and glycolide. The structures of Pluronic (F68)-PLGA copolymer as the products were characterized with infrared spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance and their molecular weights were determined by gel permeation chromatography. Two methods, double emulsion (DE) and nanoprecipitation (NP), were employed to fabricate the polymeric nanoparticles. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was loaded into nanoparticles as a model protein. Influence of the preparation conditions on the nanoparticles size, encapsulation efficiency, and release profile in vitro was investigated. They showed the entrapment efficiency of 42.9–63.4% and the average diameter of 119.1–342.8 nm depending on the fabrication technique of nanoparticles and the type of copolymer. The stability maintenance of BSA in the nanoparticle release in vitro was also measured via sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE), circular dichroism (CD), and fluorescence spectrometry. The results showed that the new copolymer could load BSA effectively and BSA kept stable after it was released from the nanoparticles. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008


Using the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis and in situ precipitation daily data in 2003,association of 30—70d oscillations with the heavy rain over the Changjiang-Huaihe River Valley in the summer of 2003 has been studied in the present paper.The results show that the 30—70d oscillations had important contributions to the total precipitation in the summer of 2003.The low frequency circulation showed a baroclinic structure with the positive vorticitiy in the lower troposphere,and the negative one in the upper troposphere during the torrential rain period,and 850hPa positive vorticity was systematically transported northward and westward.The positive anomalies of precipitation over the Changjiang-Huaihe River valley were strongly influenced by the low frequency wave propagations(P—J)over the west and northwest Pacific regions.Water vapor fluxes vertically integrated from the earth surface to the top of the troposphere on the 30—70d time scale indicate that southwestly monsoon wind along the edge of the western Pacific subtropical anticyclone was responsible for the water transport,and the moisture is found to be transported from the South China Sea other than either the Bay of Bangle or the west Pacific.


The transition from cold forearc to hot arc is considered fundamental to subduction dynamics. However, the range and depth of the cold nose changing significantly along the strike are difficult to constrain. By incorporating the three‐dimensional high‐resolution slab topography and MORVEL plate motion field to constrain thermomechanical modelling, we estimate the subduction thermal state and petrological dehydration in Izu‐Bonin. The multilayered hydrothermal regime gradually transitions from cold to less cold forearc, associated with a large‐scale subduction dewatering process varying along the strike. The dehydration embrittlement resulting from eclogitization and harzburgitization influences the occurrence of fast to slow earthquakes on megathrusts. Impressively, the cold nose is constrained to a depth of 60 km between the arc and Moho‐depth plate interface. The lowered temperature and delay of rock harzburgitization in the cold center of the subducted plate at depth contribute to the occurrence of deep earthquakes below the hot backarc interface.


This chapter lays the foundations of operation of both unipolar and ambipolar organic thin film transistors (OTFTs). Thin film transistors are used in display back planes, digital circuits, memory addressing elements, and photodetection. The discussion describes basic transistor principles and the limitations to their performance. Transistor noise and circuit noise margin, cutoff frequency, transconductance, and gain are discussed. Several different lateral architectures including top and bottom gate, and split gate configurations, as well as vertical transistors are described. High performance OTFT materials and channel morphologies and how they are achieved along with contact patterning are discussed. Phototransistors are introduced, and their characteristics are compared with other photodetectors discussed in Chapter 7. Transistor stability and its implication for circuit performance are detailed. Finally, several circuit applications with particular focus on chemical and medical sensing, and communications are described.


In the digital planning process of a manufacturing plant, several partners like OEM, prime contractor and its subcontractors are involved. Since the partners have partially overlapping views (electricity, mechanical structure, plant controlling) on the plant to be designed, they have to exchange data during their collaboration. Due to syntactical, structural and semantical differences, data integration is necessary but also complicated. Our method of resolution comprises an ontology-based reference model, which all partners map to as well as an underlying technical infrastructure. This paper focuses on the methodology for constructing an ontology-based reference model in digital production engineering.


We report a straightforward, yet robust, VLSI implementation of sampled-data visual edge detection. Our technique adopts the well-known correlated double sampling (CDS) circuit to perform spatial differentiation of the captured image for edges detection functions. Because this circuit is significantly reduces the fixed pattern noise (FPN), it is usually an integral part of most integration-mode CMOS image sensors. Therefore, no additional area is required to include the proposed edge detection functionality in the image sensor. The imager array was implemented using active pixel sensor (APS) technology with dual mode of operation: a logarithmic (continuous) mode with wide optical dynamic range and a linear (integrating) mode with higher image quality. Real-time edge detection has been demonstrated for the both modes of operation. Our technique can be easily extended to perform temporal differentiation, providing a simple method for motion detection. The prototype chip was fabricated using standard 0.5μm CMOS process with an 64 x 64 array. Each pixel has a pitch of 30 μm, with fill factor of ~ 60%. The system operational voltage is 3.3V. Results indicate that the proposed architecture is visible for applications such as adaptive scanning and industrial inspection, where integrated functionalities are advantageous.


Multiple Criteria Decision Aid (MCDA) algorithms help making the right decision. However, choosing and using an MCDA algorithm very often represents only a short and precise event of a much longer decision aid process. Moreover, this process involves multiple conflicting criteria and various stakeholders.

In this work, we actually formalize a business process model of the MCDA process. Such a business process is a set of discrete activity steps, with associated computer and/or human operations, and rules governing the progression of the process through the various activity steps. The activities
are supported/implemented by an Information System. This Information System consists, in this study, in (web-)services (via Service Oriented Architecture, SOA) which expose MCDA algorithms. We are also studying the alignment (i.e. the extent of correspondence) of models of this Information System (i.e. the MCDA services) with the MCDA process model. This alignment results, for each activity of the MCDA process, in an inventory of the services which fulfill it partially or totally. The analysis of this alignment improves the relevance and completeness of the definition of the MCDA services which realize the process, thus contributing towards guiding/automating the process.


The post- modern trend of thoughts produces an irresistible impact on modern psychology which is based on demonstration. The points of post - modernism include: A wholesome society should be of the same, pure reason and arbitrariness; post - modernism puts its emphasis on varieties, organism and internal relationships of the world itself; It also advocates using different methods and psychological aralysing and researching from the view of relationship. All the points above contain an important significance on overcoming the prolems of single visual angle and simplification existing in modern psychology.


The possibility to replace conventional ferrites with nanoscaled ferrites is investigated. For this purpose the permeability, which gives an information about magnetic behaviour, is measured and discussed. The magnetic properties of nanoferrites are superior to the conventional ones at high frequencies. The conventional ferrites reach their application limit at frequencies of about 10 MHz. At higher frequencies resonance leads to unacceptable energy losses. Superparamagnetic nano-ferrites do not show energy losses in this frequency range and are proposed as an alternative solution.


Web 2.0 applications such as YouTube have made it likely that students participate in online back-and-forth exchanges that influence their rhetorical literacy. Because of the back-and-forth nature of online communities, we turn to the procedural, critical, and progressive qualities of dialectic as a means of accounting for what makes public deliberation effective and how we can teach students to deliberate.


The mature capsid of human immunodeficiency virus, HIV‐1, is formed by the assembly of copies of a capsid protein (CA). The C‐terminal domain of CA, CTD, is able to homodimerize and most of the dimerization interface is formed by a single α‐helix from each monomer. Assembly of the HIV‐1 capsid critically depends on CA–CA interactions, including CTD interaction with itself and with the CA N‐terminal domain, NTD. This minireview reports on the search and the design of peptides and small organic compounds that are able to interact with the CTD and/or CA of HIV‐1. Such molecules aim to disrupt and/or alter the oligomerization capability of CTD. The different peptides designed so far interact with CTD mainly via hydrophobic contacts with residues close or belonging to the interface between the dimerization helices. A CTD‐binding organic compound also establishes hydrophobic contacts with regions involved in the interface between the NTD and CTD. These results open new venues for the development of new antiviral drugs that are able to interact with CA and/or its domains, hampering HIV‐1 assembly and infection.


The aspects of the socio-natural development of the Russian reformed village, as reflected in the memoirs of some of his contemporaries, are discussed. There is a high degree of concern about the negative environmental effects of demographic and agricultural modernization of the second half 19 –early 20 th century, leading to the severe agricultural crisis.


The stable natural resources will encourage the productivity of sustainable eucalyptus replanting for the benefit of human life. Replanting eucalyptus plants is one of the things that drive sustainable productivity in eucalyptus processing. Eucalyptus replanting planning requires supporting tool decisions to increase productivity, analyze variability, climate change, measure environmental impacts, and maximize profits. The paper aims to evaluate various models in representing the replanting of sustainable eucalyptus used for crop management. In this review, the discussion started from the history of eucalyptus, the approach to the compilation of literature reviews, the method for reviewing the literature, yields and discussions, and finally providing some significant recommendations. Reviews of physiological models based on 3PG (Physiological Principles in Predicting Growth) processes are considered capable of being optimal support tools in the management of sustainability strategies to evaluate the growth of eucalyptus plant. Its usefulness in providing simulations about the impacts of climate change, simulation of forest management practices, the impact of hydrology on forests, the attributes of location to standing growth, biomass dynamics and potential disruption to forest ecosystems make this model a supporting tool in forest management sustainability strategies. Review literature was obtained relevant literature for qualitative analysis from 2010 to 2021.


The morphology and acoustic characteristics of the acoustic tracheal system were examined in certain tettigoniid species. Morphological measurements and statistical analysis reveal that in all species of bushcrickets investigated the shape of the acoustic trachea can be approximated by the equation of an exponential horn. Based on this approximation the transmission functions of the different tracheae were calculated theoretically. Because of its small size, the acoustic trachea must not be treated as an infinite exponential horn but its transmission function must be calculated by means of the equations for a finite‐length horn. The finite horn amplifies sound from a certain frequency on (cutoff frequency) in a broad range of frequencies as the infinite horn does. But the broadbanded transmission is superposed by a few resonances which are caused by reflections inside the horn. Bioacoustical measurements were made with a probe microphone. As expected from the theoretical considerations the course of the measured transmission function corresponds much better with the one calculated for the finite exponential horn than with the one calculated for the infinite horn. The present results are discussed referring to the consequences of the transmission properties of the acoustic trachea for the hearing ability of Tettigoniids. Additionally, they are compared with other investigations concerning the function of the acoustic trachea in tettigoniid hearing.


Background: Assessment of blood pressure is the most common diagnostic procedure performed in the outpatient clinic. The purpose of this study was to compare the accuracy of the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device with the universally-accepted gold standard measurement made with Korotkoff sound technique mercury sphygmomanometer.Materials and Methods: This was a randomized, crossover study with a total of 60 subjects. All subjects were at least 30 years of age. Three blood pressure readings were recorded for each subject, two with a wrist-cuff device and one with a mercury sphygmomanometer by the secondary investigator. The order of the 3 readings were determined by chance.Results: Patients (32 women, 28 men) aged 30-94 (mean age = 55, SD =16) years were included in the study. Based on the paired-sample t-test, the  data provided strong evidence that there was no statistically significant difference in systolic or diastolic blood pressure readings between the wrist-cuff electronic oscillometric device and mercury sphygmomanometer.Conclusions: The evaluation of blood pressure remains a basic diagnostic step in every clinical practice as it positively imparts the clinical well-being of the patient. It is, therefore, important to maintain a good degree of accuracy and reliability in the blood pressure monitoring device.


Objective This paper focused on adjusting the release rates of risperidone from PLGA microspheres by co-encapsulating Mg(OH)2. Methods Risperidone loaded microspheres co-encapsulated Mg(OH)2 were prepared by solid-in-oil-in-water(S/O/W) emulsion solvent evaporation method.HPLC was used to determine risperidone loading capacity and evaluate the in-vitro release of microspheres. Results The particles,about 50 μm,possessed well spherical shape.Mg(OH)2 accelerated the release rates of risperidone from PLGA microspheres.After 34 days,the percentage of released risperidone from microspheres with Mg(OH)2 was all more than 90%,but the control was not up to 70%.The in vitro release profiles of microspheres were various with different concentrations of Mg(OH)2 co-encapsulated. Conclusion The amount of Mg(OH)2 added into microspheres can improve the release behavior of risperidone from PLGA microspheres to achieve more perfect clinical effect.


The invention provides a time-sharing magnetic compensation method used for a nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out time-sharing compensation on a working magnetic field of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope according to heating pulses, wherein the heating pulses are divided into effective heating pulses and non-heating pulses, heating power of an initial moment of each effective heating pulse is used as heating power in a whole pulse period and heating power during a period of non-heating pulses is 0; and selecting magnetic field compensation parameters from each pulse period according to the heating power to compensate a heating magnetic field and a residual magnetic field after magnetic shielding. With the adoption of the method provided by the invention, the stability of the working magnetic field of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is improved, the precision of an output signal of the gyroscope is improved, and the working duration of the nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscope is also greatly prolonged.


Introduction Synthetic biomaterials have been vastly investigated for different biomedical applications such as wound healing adhesives1, implant devices2 and drug delivery systems3. The effort on this field of study promoted the development of novel medical treatments and therapies leading to a significantly enhancement on people's health and life expectancy4. However, infections are still one of the main complications related to the use of these materials.


Energetic nuclear outbursts have been discovered in luminous and ultraluminous infrared galaxies (U / LIRGs) at unexpectedly high rates. To investigate this population of transients, we performed a search in mid-IR data from the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer ( WISE ) satellite and its NEOWISE survey to detect and characterise luminous and smoothly evolving transients in a sample of 215 U / LIRGs. We report three new transients, all with ∆ L > 10 43 erg s − 1 , in addition to two previously known cases. Their host galaxies are all part of major galaxy mergers, and through radiative transfer model fitting we find that all have a significant contribution from an active galactic nucleus (AGN). We characterised the transients through measurements of their luminosities and resulting energetics, all of which are between 10 50 . 9 erg and 10 52 . 2 erg. The IR emission of the five transients was found to be consistent with re-radiation by the hot dust of emission at shorter wavelengths, presumably originating from an accretion event, onto the supermassive black hole. The corresponding transient rate of (1.6-4.6) × 10 − 3 / yr / galaxy is over an order of magnitude higher than the rate of large amplitude flares shown by AGN in the optical. We suggest that the observed transients are part of a dust-obscured population of tidal disruption events (TDEs) that have remained out of the reach of optical surveys due to the obscuring dust. In one case, this is supported by our radio observations. We also discuss other plausible explanations. The observed rate of events is significantly higher than optical TDE rates, which can be expected in U / LIRG hosts undergoing a major galaxy merger with increased stellar densities in the nuclear regions. Continued searches for such transients and their multi-wavelength follow-up is required to constrain their rate and nature.


Describes a welding apparatus and method for improving channel plate line, characterized in that the collector in a single pass welding densely arranged on the circuit board or the like of the upper and lower surfaces thereof and two electronic components.


This paper introduces Firefly, an optical lithography origination system that has been developed to produce holographic masters of high quality. This mask-less lithography system has a resolution of 418 nm half-pitch, and generates holographic masters with the optical characteristics required for security applications of level 1 (visual verification), level 2 (pocket reader verification) and level 3 (forensic verification). The holographic master constitutes the main core of the manufacturing process of security holographic labels used for the authentication of products and documents worldwide. Additionally, the Firefly is equipped with a software tool that allows for the hologram design from graphic formats stored in bitmaps. The software is capable of generating and configuring basic optical effects such as animation and color, as well as effects of high complexity such as Fresnel lenses, engraves and encrypted images, among others. The Firefly technology gathers together optical lithography, digital image processing and the most advanced control systems, making possible a competitive equipment that challenges the best technologies in the industry of holographic generation around the world. In this paper, a general description of the origination system is provided as well as some examples of its capabilities.