A new type of oil-free moving magnet linear compressor with clearance seals and flexure springs has been designed for incorporation into a vapour compression refrigeration system with compact heat exchangers for applications such as electronics cooling. A linear compressor prototype was built with a maximum stroke of 14 mm and a piston diameter of 19 mm. An experimental apparatus was built to measure the compressor efficiencies and coefficient of performance (COP) of a refrigeration system with the linear compressor, using R134a. The resonant frequency for each operating condition was predicted using the discharge pressure, suction pressure and stroke. Refrigeration measurements were conducted for different strokes under each pressure ratio with a fixed condenser outlet temperature of 50 °C and evaporator temperature ranging from 6 °C to 27 °C. The results show that the COPs are around 3.0 for tests with a pressure ratio of 2.5 (evaporator temperature of 20 °C).


In this paper, we incorporate a set of principles that originated in cognitive psychology into the design of 3D shape analysis and retrieval systems. Based on the "visual salience guided mesh decomposition" scheme we proposed previously, a 3D shape represented in mesh form is first broken into parts such that human visual perception of the parts can be appropriately mimicked. Next, the decomposed parts are individually analyzed and quantified according to the properties of visual salience. To establish the indices of 3D meshes for the subsequent retrieval process, spherical parameterization is adopted to map the decomposed parts onto the surface of a unit sphere. In this way, the degree of similarity between a query provided by a user and models in the database can be calculated. The experiment results show that the retrieval performance of the proposed scheme is indeed efficient and powerful.


Hydroxyapatite (HA) coating has been used as a biological adjuvant for noncemented femoral stem fixation. This is a long-term concise report of a previously published prospective, randomized clinical trial, comparing plasma sprayed porous noncemented stems with and without an HA coating, with focus on wear and survivorship. Between July 1991 and October 1994, 177 patients (199 hips) underwent noncemented Ranawat-Burstein (RB) Metaphyseal-Diaphyseal fit total hip replacement in a prospective randomized clinical trial. At the 5-year follow-up, the incidence of trochanter and/or thigh pain was 12% in the HA group and 24% in the non-HA group. After the mean follow-up of 17.7 ± 0.8 years, there were 3 revisions in the HA group, 1 for fracture and 2 for poly wear. There were 4 revisions in the non-HA group, 1 for infection and 3 for poly wear. There was no revision for femoral loosening in either groups. The Kaplan–Meier survivorship for failure for mechanical reasons in the HA group and non-HA group were 97.9% and 97.1%, respectively, which was not statistically significant. Noncemented femoral stems with HA coating have excellent survivorship without any substantial deleterious effect or increase in wear.


Deeply rooted historical patterns allow us to make a correlation between imprisonment and unemployment and the marginalization of blacks. This paper examines the interrelationships among criminal activity, punishment, and cycles of the economic system based on the influence of political and economic forces on forming penal policies. The penal system is viewed as a device by which labor market fluctuations can be regulated. We examine differences between blacks and whites and between the North and the South to arrive at this paper's thesis: that race provides the link among economic cycles, employment, and crime. Copyright 1987 Western Economic Association International.


Objective To examine labour characteristics and outcomes associated with second stage caesarean section (CS) over a ten-year period within a tertiary maternity centre. Method This was prospective observational study over a ten-year period from 2003 to 2012. Labour characteristics and outcomes of all second stage caesarean deliveries were included for statistical analysis, which was performed by means of Microsoft Excel and IBM SPSS. Results The study included 87,192 deliveries during the aforementioned period. CS at full dilatation was performed in 0.7% (641) of all deliveries. 74% (472/641) of these deliveries were in nulliparous women. The majority of women who had a second stage CS had an epidural in situ (89%[570/641]) and 40% (260/641) of patients underwent induction of labour. Malpresentation was diagnosed in 18% (117/641) of parturients, with the majority of these being of occipito-posterior position (93/117). Of the infants delivered through CS in second stage, 37.5% were macrosomic and 23% required admission to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Conclusion While CS in second stage it an infrequent event it is more likely to occur in nulliparous women, with an association with fetal macrosomia and malposition in addition to an increased rates of admission to NICU.


Shank comes from the two Sanskrit words "Shum" which means something good and "Kham" meaning water. Hence the meaning of Shankam is conch holding the sacred water. It is also said that the word Shankara was been derived from Sankha-kara which means conch-blower (shankha means conch and Kara means blower).Conch is common name for certain marine gastropod mollusks. Conch shell is used as an ornament, in making cameos, or as a horn, as a trumpet. The conch shell has survived as the original horn trumpet since time immemorial.


The utility model discloses an intelligent wind-solar complementation street lighting system and network. The system comprises a storage battery, a wind-solar complementation generation device, LED (light-emitting diode) lamps, a monitoring device, a control device and a wireless communication module; and the network comprises a plurality of intelligent wind-solar complementation street lighting systems and a master control system. According to the utility model, the monitoring device is mainly used for converting monitored traffic stream and pedestrian conditions to data and then transmitting the data to the control device, and the control device can transmit the data on the traffic stream and pedestrian conditions in the position to other wind-solar complementation street lighting systems by virtue of the wireless communication module. Therefore, the control device can make an optimal power supply plan according to the comprehensive judgment on information monitored by the monitoring device and information shared by the other systems, thus adjusting the luminance of the LED lamps or turning off the LED lamps.


Model selection and parameter estimation are very important in many fields. However, the existing methods have many problems, such as low efficiency in model selection and inaccuracy in parameter estimation. In this study, we proposed a new algorithm named improved approximate Bayesian computation sequential Monte Carlo algorithm (IABC-SMC) based on approximate Bayesian computation sequential Monte Carlo algorithm (ABC-SMC). Using the IABC-SMC algorithm, given data and the set of two models including logistic and Gompertz models of infectious diseases, we obtained the best fitting model and the values of unknown parameters of the corresponding model. The simulation results showed that the IABC-SMC algorithm can quickly and accurately select a model that best matches the corresponding epidemic data among multiple candidate models and estimate the values of unknown parameters of model very accurately. We further compared the effects of IABC-SMC algorithm with that of ABC-SMC algorithm. Simulations showed that the IABC-SMC algorithm can improve the accuracy of estimated parameter values and the speed of model selection and also avoid the shortage of ABC-SMC algorithm. This study suggests that the IABC-SMC algorithm can be seen as a promising method for model selection and parameter estimation.


The objective of this work was to analyze gas exchange, photosynthetic characteristics, photochemical efficiency of photosystem II and anatomical characteristics of young plant leaves of two guarana (Paullinia cupana) clones (BRS-CG372RC and BRS-CG611RL) growing under open field. The variables of gas exchange and fluorescence of chlorophyll a were evaluated in mature leaves. The values of photosynthesis and transpiration found for BRS-CG372RC were 27% greater and 80% lesser than values found for BRS-CG611RL, respectively. The values of stomatal conductance found for the clones BRS-CG372RC and BRS-CG611RL were in the order of 224 and 614 mmol mm-2 s-1, respectively. The values of photorespiration, rate of carboxylation and rate electron transport were greater in BRS-CG372RC. The clone BRS-CG372RC exhibited stomatal density 26% greater than BRS-CG611RL. However, the area of ostiolar opening was 42% greater in BRS-CG611RL. The values of the water use efficiency in BRS-CG372RC were 134% greater than in BRS-CG611RL. High stomatal density and low stomatal conductance can be important characteristics in the selection of the clones with a good ability to assimilate carbon and optimize the use of water.


This conclusion reviews the styles of relationship between parliament and citizens visible in very different political systems across the world. It shows that increasingly this relationship follows different styles according to specific contexts and beyond the traditional perception of a specific type of representation. It then demonstrates that parliaments have finally become public institutions with the new millennium, opening up considerably by becoming more transparent, accessible and visible institutions. However, when it comes to developing real links between parliaments and citizens, the reality is very patchy. These developments are then assessed in light of levels of trust in parliament, to note that decline in trust may have little do to with poorer performance from parliaments. The study concludes by showing that re-focusing our understanding of the parliament–citizen relationship on symbolic representation allows us to understand what is missing in that relationship.


General thermal design methods for two-phase heat exchangers are emerging that are based on local two-phase flow patterns and the flow structure of the two-phases. These methods promise to be much more accurate and reliable for predicting two-phase heat transfer coefficients and pressure drops than the older, statistically-derived empirical design methods that completely ignore flow regime effects or simply treat flows as stratified (gravity-controlled) or nonstratified (shear-controlled) flows, which greatly limits their accuracy, validity, and reliability and often results in prediction errors surpassing 100% within their supposed range of application. These new flow pattern and flow structure types of design methods are particularly suited for use in modern heat exchanger design software, which are typically incremental and hence require local methods that capture the real trends in experimental data. The status of these new developments is reviewed here for intube two-phase flow and heat transfer processes.


In this study, low-voltage low-power multifunction current-controlled conveyor (CCCII) is introduced. Multifunction current conveyors are able to achieve various CCCII structures with a small modification in the circuit. The proposed circuit required ±0.5 V as a power supply, a simple circuit structure and low power consumption. The power consumption is only 4.8 µW. Low-voltage operation is achieved by using changeable threshold voltage and PMOS level-shifter current mirror. This circuit is able to operate as CCCII± with both positive and negative intrinsic resistance, which have a wide tunable range with a small modification in the circuit connections.


The 10 kV electrical distribution networks (EDNs) with 12 substations and 57 feeders in Xi'an were evaluated using the reliability evaluation procedure of EDNs developed by Chongqing University and the reliability evaluation algorithm based on fault-spreading-method. The algorithm is suitable for evaluating the relatively complex EDNs with sub - feeders. It applies fault-spreading-method to determine the classification of nodes. Then the reliability indices of node, feeder and system can be calculated. According to calculation and analysis, a number of index about the 12 substations are acquired. The reliability comparison of feeders and substations and the impact of the structure of EDNs on the reliability are studied using the Huokou EDN. The number of feeders, the type and location of switches show great impact on the reliability of EDNs. The failure of feeders has greater impact on the reliability of Huokou EDN than transformers, so it can be improved by reinforcing the management and maintain of feeders. These numerical results offer the engineers much useful information to determine the operation mode, maintenance and repair and expansion of EDNs.


Aims Rare species can indicate certain ecological significance. Studies of rare species on plant community structure and composition were still insufficient. Our objective was to compare the results of three different treatments, eliminating, downweighting and untreated rare species in canonical correspondence analysis(CCA), and to verify the influences of rare species. Methods For assessing the impact of different treatments CCA, different data of plant communities and environment from southern Luliang Mountain, eliminating rare species, downweighting rare species, and untreated data sets, were used in the CCA analyses, respectively. Spearman rank correlation coefficient was taken to test the correlation of corresponding ordination axis. Important findings The performances of three methods were basically the same when the number of environmental factors was less. But some differences were existed on the explanation tendency for each environmental factor. Base on the correlation analyses, the consistency of untreated CCA and downweighting rare species CCA was better than that of eliminating rare species CCA and downweighting rare species CCA. If the correlation analysis was based on quadrat coordinates of environmental data only, the correlation between eliminating rare species CCA and downweighting of rare species CCA was a little higher. For the first four axes, untreated CCA and the downweighting rare species CCA were correlated significantly and correspondingly. If the analysis were based on environmental and species data, eliminating rare species CCA and the downweighting rare species CCA were significantly correlated for the three first corresponding axes. However, the correlation based on species data only showed insignificant for the first four corresponding axes. Considering the interpretation quantity of species-environment variance, the downweighting rare species is the best method in the three treatments. Three methods are arranged in the order for accurately reveal species and environment relations as follows: downweighting rare species CCA, untreated CCA and eliminating rare species CCA.


Many small DC motors are used for anti-lock breaking system (ABS) and other applications. It is well-known that in DC motors the commutation arc causes a high rate of erosion and wear of brush and commutator. Therefore, it is important how the commutation arc influences the erosion and wear of brush in small DC motors.The wear and erosion of brush is caused by both mechanical sliding action and arc discharge. To figure out the wear/erosion mechanism of brush, mechanical wear and arc erosion are needed to be separately evaluated. However, it is usually difficult, because arc dis charge causes not only arc erosion but also the increase of mechanical sliding wear as R. Holm said.In this study, a switching device is newly developed and arc erosion of brush material is investigated. The brush material is Cu-graphite which is generally used in small DC motors. In the test the Cu-graphite as a brush is cathode and Cu is anode as a commutator of DC motors, and fundamental characteristics of arc duration and arc energy are obtained. Furthermore, the effect of a spark quenching circuit with a Zener diode is examined. In both cases, the arc erosion is measured by a laser microscope and the arc erosion per unit energy is obtained. In addition brush wear/erosion obtained by a commutation test could be analyzed, using the above results.


SYNOPSIS The interparticle arrangement, or fabric, of sands is a key determinant of sample rigid ity. This rigidity, in large part, determines the velocity and attenuation of acoustic transmis sions in a test specimen, as well as its resistance to liquefaction. Utilizing high frequency small-amplitude compressional wave transmissions, different fabric arrangements of standard triaxial samples of the same sand have been reliably identified from their acoustic response. Both the compressional wave velocity and attenuation were used to determine the acoustic signature of a sample. Cyclic triaxial testing of the same laboratory-prepared samples revealed that there is direct relationship between the acoustic response of a sample prepared by a particular method and its resistance to liquefaction. The effect of stress history, induced by pre-shaking, on the resistance to liquefaction of a test sample was also detected by changes in the acoustic signature.


Conventional field reconstruction model (FRM) for electrical machines has proved its main strength in efficient computations of magnetic fields and forces in healthy permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) or faulty machines in steady states. This study aims to develop a magnet library of different magnet defects and include inter-turn short-circuit (ITSC) in the FRM for PMSM. The developed FRM can model a combination fault between ITSC, and magnet defect in a PMSM in transient states. Within the framework, an 8-turn ITSC was modelled in both finite element analysis (FEA) and FRM, and then identified by the extended Park's vector approach. The air-gap magnetic field reproduced by the FRM shows a good agreement with the result from time-stepping FEA. The computation speed is over 1000 times faster than an equivalent time-stepping FEA. The suggested FRM allows for quickly understanding effect of faults in the rotor and stator on the air-gap magnetic flux density and identifying unique signatures for such defects.


The structural transformation in self‐ion‐implanted Si has been investigated using Raman spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering spectrometry. The crystal Si Raman peak at 520 cm−1 decreased, broadened, and shifted toward lower wave numbers as the 100 keV Si+ dose was increased from 0.8 to 8.5×1014 cm−2. These peak shifts can be attributed to uniaxial lattice expansion in the direction normal to the Si surface and they are substantially larger than those predicted in uniaxially strained crystal Si. The results suggest that accumulated defects generated by ion bombardment not only expand the crystal Si lattice but also reduce the force constant which in turn increases plasticity and finally gives rise to amorphization of the Si lattice.


In the past 10 years, there has been a paradigm shift in our understanding of brain development and approaches to treat degenerative diseases, including those that affect the retina. The latest knowledge includes (1) the discovery that the adult brain harbors proliferating progenitors and that neurons are born throughout life, particularly in the subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and the subgranular layer (SGL) of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus 1 and (2) the observation that glia perform dual functions, providing homeostatic support and serving as the source of stem cells in the embryonic brain and the adult SVZ and SGL. 2 In contrast to the SVZ and SGL, active neurogenesis has not been detected in adult mammalian retina. However, neurogenic changes have been observed in injured retina, and the source of injury-induced neu


Purpose We analyzed the trends and predictors of multidrug-resistant (MDR) or rifampicin-resistant (RR) tuberculosis (TB) in culture-positive cases in Shenzhen during 2012–2020, after the implementation of improved strategies (scale-up molecular drug susceptibility testing [mDST], expansion of DST eligibility, and generous reimbursement of MDR-TB outpatient care costs). Materials and Methods We retrospectively extracted and analyzed data from the TB Information System on drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis diagnosed in Shenzhen during the 2012–2020 period. We analyzed trends in RR- and MDR-TB rates in new cases during 2012–2018 and 2018–2020 periods, and among previously-treated cases during 2012–2017 and 2017–2020 periods, using Cochran-Armitage tests. We generated multivariate logistic regression models to analyze demographic predictors of MDR/RR-TB rates. Results We found 21,367 positive mycobacterial cultures in Shenzhen during the 2012–2020 period, and 19,951 (93.4%) were identified as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and had DST results (92.0% of those were mDST-based). Of these patients with DST results, 1630 (8.2%) were RR-TB, and 1142 (5.7%) were MDR-TB. Of the RR-TB, 70% were MDR-TB. The MDR/RR-TB rate in new TB cases increased significantly during the 2012–2018 period (Ptrend < 0.05), but it decreased in the 2018–2020 period (Ptrend > 0.05, with a significant trend for MDR-TB). Among previously treated cases, the temporal MDR/RR-TB rate trends did not differ significantly (Ptrend > 0.05). Our multivariate analysis showed that age younger than 30 years, housework service/unemployment, local residency, and previous TB treatment were all predictors of MDR/RR-TB. The percentage of patients with MDR-TB on treatment increased from 49.4% in 2012 to 70.5% in 2020. The treatment success rate of patients with MDR-TB during the 2012–2018 period was 71%. Conclusion During the study period in Shenzhen, the cases of MDR/RR-TB were detected, and the treatment enrollment increased and the MDR-TB rates decreased gradually after 2017. Decreasing trends may reflect the efficacy of improved strategies; however, their long-term impact on the MDR-TB burden remains to be investigated. The predictors of MDR-TB identified in our study should be considered when developing targeted MDR-TB control strategies.


The study examined the issues and challenges of community development in Nigeria with a focus on the activities of the Gombe State Agency for Community and Social Development Project (GSA-CSDP), particularly on development intervention of the rural communities in Gombe State. The methodology applied included the use of secondary data using the content analysis approach while the primary data was extracted from the Outcome study report of the Gombe state Agency for Community and social development Project (GSA -CSDP). The study reveals that, despite successive Governments' efforts to develop rural communities, the bane has remained pervasive GSA-CSDP However, is rated high in the provision of micro-projects to the rural communities. Inclusive improvements are widespread in all sectors; particularly in increase access by community members (especially the poor) to improved social and natural infrastructure services with high hopes of capability sustenance. The study indicates that community members actively participated in the planning and implementation of micro-projects in their communities and that the projects had a positive impact on the lives of members of the community. The article therefore recommends for increased awareness and sensitization; there is also a need for women's participation and the need for security and maintenance of micro projects in rural communities.


Researchers in a variety of disciples such as conversation analysis, second language acquisition, speech pathology, and computational linguistics have classified various types of communication errors that occur between humans, and between humans and computers. In this paper, we attempt to bring together insights from diverse disciplines into a common theoretical framework from which to compare and contrast various types of errors. We describe a classification scheme based on how people collaboratively resolve uncertainties by establishing the mutual belief that their utterances have been understood well enough for current purposes—a process referred to as grounding. The classification scheme not only highlights how different types of failures are related to each other through the common bond of uncertainty, but also provides guidelines for the design of error handling in automated systems.


Sorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) to the natural clay used as the liner-soil material of a solid waste landfill was investigated by batch tests.Key physico-chemical parameters such as the initial concentration of solution,pH,and the temperature of the solution were investigated.In order to understand the adsorption mechanism,the kinetic parameters of adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto the natural clay were determined.The pseudo-second order kinetic model best described the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto the natural clay.The activation energy(Ea) values for Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) were found to be 22.7 kJ·mol-1 and 26.88 kJ·mol-1 according to the slopes of the plots of lnk2 against 1/T.The Ea values suggest that the rise of the solution temperature favors adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto the clay,and the adsorption process probably occurs by chemical adsorption.The thermodynamic parameters(ΔH0,ΔS0,ΔG0) values were calculated from the slope and the intercept of the linear plot of lgKD versus 1/T.The results indicate that the adsorption of Cr(Ⅵ) and Zn(Ⅱ) onto the natural clay is endothermic.


Let p be an odd prime. Among the nonzero numbers in Fp, half are squares and half are nonsquares. The former are called quadratic residues and the latter are called quadratic nonresidues. We do not consider 0 to be a quadratic residue or nonresidue, even though it is of course a square. If a is a quadratic residue in Fp , is a+ 1 more or less likely to be a quadratic residue? If a is a quadratic nonresidue in Fp , is a+ 1 more or less likely to be a quadratic nonresidue? Let's look at some data.


Performance and scalability are two important quality attribute for web application system,and they show capability of response time of web application system from different aspects.It is a complex system engine and an urgent problem to be solved for system developer that how to build high performance and scalability web application system to reduce system-updating,to meet increasing client scale and protect enterprise investment maximum,which refers to analyzing,design,coding and deploying.Some programming strategies based on J2EE platform are presented to build high performance and scalability web application system.


The invention discloses a Machilus pauhoi full-exposure cuttage fast propagation method. The method includes: selecting a full exposure cutting bed which is leeward, good in water permeability and provided with an interval-automatic water spraying device, performing cuttage on half-lignified scions at the temperature not lower than 8 DEG C, performing moisture regulation until rooting, transplanting in nutrition cups for arranged cultivation when 80% of the scions take roots and bud, well performing weeding, fertilizer-water management and disease-insect prevention, and cultivating to obtain Machilus pauhoi nursery stock, wherein moisture regulation includes: spraying water again before water films on the front of leaves disappear completely so as to keep the front of the leaves basically wet. By the method, cultivation cycle is short, outplanting only needs five to nine months, instable survival rate caused by weather differences can be solved, cultivation season is prolonged, problems such as seed source limitation can be solved, cultivation cost is lowered, and good economical, social and ecological benefits are achieved.


We present the application of the variational-wavelet approach to the construction and analysis of solutions of Wigner/von Neumann/Moyal and related equations corresponding to the nonlinear (polynomial) dynamical problems. (Naive) deformation quantization, the multiresolution representation (exact multiscale decompostion) and the variational approach are the key points. We construct the solutions via the high-localized nonlinear eigenmodes in the base of the compactly supported wavelets and the wavelet packets. We demonstrate the appearance of (stable) localized patterns (waveletons) and consider entanglement and decoherence as possible applications.


A programed light‐responsive chiral liquid crystal (LC) containing four photochromic azobenzene moieties covalently connected to a central bicyclic chiral core (abbreviated as AZ4ICD) is newly designed, precisely synthesized, and efficiently applied as a remote‐controllable molecular knob for the optically tunable thin film. First of all, phase evolutions and ordered structures of AZ4ICD are systematically investigated by a combination of thermal, microscopic, scattering, and simulation techniques. Wide‐angle X‐ray diffractions of oriented AZ4ICD samples indicate that the AZ4ICD molecule itself basically forms layer structures: one is a low‐ordered chiral smectic A LC phase (SmA*) with 5.61 nm layer periodicity at high temperatures, and two highly ordered smectic crystal (SmCr1 and SmCr2) phases are subsequently formed at lower temperatures with the anticlinically tilted molecular packing structures. The helical superstructures of chiral nematic LC phase (N*) can be spontaneously constructed by doping AZ4ICD chiral agents into the achiral nematic molecules. Due to the bent conformational geometry of AZ4ICD, the thermal window of blue LC phase (BP) is expanded by stabilizing the double twisted cylindrical building blocks. Remote‐controllable phase transformations in the mesomorphic helical superstructures are demonstrated by tuning the wavelength of light.


The Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey (WCBS) has revealed that a number of British butterflies suffered a disappointing 2011 compared to 2010. Although the record-breaking warm spring of 2011 had helped some rarer butterflies and early spring specialists, as reported earlier this year, recorders on the latest study saw 22% fewer butterflies on average during last summer.

One reason for the decline is that the warm spring gave way to a record-breaking cold summer, but the ongoing deterioration of suitable butterfly habitat across the countryside is also being seen as a cause for the fall in numbers.

Garden favourite the Small Tortoiseshell was one of the species badly affected, with less than one seen per kilometre walked on average in the countryside. Such low numbers are a cause for concern given that less than a decade ago the butterfly was likely to be seen in almost every garden and flowery place through the summer months.

The drop in Small Tortoiseshell sightings from the WCBS mirrors an alarming and ongoing decline for this once ubiquitous species. The Common Blue and the Wall were other species to struggle in 2011. The Common Blue was present in only one-third of squares compared to over half in 2010.

The WCBS involves counting butterflies in more than 700 randomly generated 1km-squares across the UK countryside. The scheme helps assess the health of butterfly populations across the wider countryside, rather than specially managed hotspots such as nature reserves. The WCBS is run by Butterfly Conservation, the British Trust for Ornithology and the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology as part of the UK Butterfly Monitoring Scheme (UKBMS). The UKBMS is funded by a multi-agency consortium including the Countryside Council for Wales, Defra, the Joint Nature Conservation Committee, Forestry Commission, Natural England, the Natural Environment Research Council and Scottish Natural Heritage.

http://www.ceh.ac.uk/news/news_archive/Small-Tortoiseshell-decline_2012_31.html


The title compound, C18H17BrO2, is a key intermediate in the synthesis of lomitapide mesylate, a microsomal triglyceride transfer protein inhibitor. Its asymmetric unit contains two independent molecules with slightly different conformations; the mean planes of the 4-bromobutyl and carboxylate groups in the two molecules form dihedral angles of 24.54 (12) and 17.10 (18)°. In the crystal, carboxylate groups are involved in O—H⋯O hydrogen bonding, which leads to the formation of two crystallographically independent centrosymmetric dimers. Weak intermolecular C—H⋯O interactions further link these dimers into layers parallel to the bc plane.


We describe a new tracking and predicting scheme applied to a lab-made ping pong robot. The robot has a monocular vision system comprised of a camera and a light. We propose an optimized strategy to calibrate the light center using the least square method. An ellipse fitting method is used to precisely locate the center of ball and shadow on the captured image. After the triangulation of the ball position in the world coordinates, a tracking algorithm based on a Kalman filter outputs an accurate estimation of the flight states including the ball position and velocity. Furthermore, a neural network model is constructed and trained to predict the following flight path. Experimental results show that this scheme can achieve a good predicting precision and success rate of striking an incoming ball. The robot can achieve a success rate of about 80% to return a flight ball of 5 m/s to the opposite court.


There is a growing need for usable and secure authentication in immersive virtual reality (VR). Established concepts (e.g., 2D authentication schemes) are vulnerable to observation attacks, and most alternatives are relatively slow. We present RubikAuth, an authentication scheme for VR where users authenticate quickly and secure by selecting digits from a virtual 3D cube that leverages coordinated 3D manipulation and pointing. We report on results from three studies comparing how pointing using eye gaze, head pose, and controller tapping impact RubikAuth's usability, memorability, and observation resistance under three realistic threat models. We found that entering a four-symbol RubikAuth password is fast: 1.69–3.5 s using controller tapping, 2.35–4.68 s using head pose and 2.39 –4.92 s using eye gaze, and highly resilient to observations: 96–99.55% of observation attacks were unsuccessful. RubikAuth also has a large theoretical password space: 45n for an n-symbols password. Our work underlines the importance of considering novel but realistic threat models beyond standard one-time attacks to fully assess the observation-resistance of authentication schemes. We conclude with an in-depth discussion of authentication systems for VR and outline five learned lessons for designing and evaluating authentication schemes.


After mating, the eggs were deposited, or oviposited, on setae of the pleopods of the female. The newly oviposited eggs were containing all the necessary material for synthetic processes associated with embryogenesis and morphogenesis and all the compounds required for oxidative metabolism and energy production. The fertilized eggs were opaque, greenish, round or oval in shape. The diameter of the egg was approximately 0.45 mm. As the development progresses, the greenish colour changed into light green, brownish-yellow and finally to dull whitish in colour about to hatch. The incubation periods varied from 12-14 days. The process of embryonic development includes nuclear division, cleavage (blastomeres), segmentation, formation of optic vesicle, eye pigment development and larva formation. At third minute after mating the sperm fused with the egg membrane and subsequently the male pronucleus entered the egg's cytoplasm. The first and second nuclear divisions were completed without any corresponding division of the cell. Third division begun at 8 h and eight nuclei were formed after 9 h. Subsequent divisions of sixteen and thirty two nuclei stage took place at about 1 to 1.30 h interval and segmentation was completed at 18-20h. Embryonic development follows the normal blastula and gastrula stages, ending with the closing of the blastopore.


Momentum of ion bombardment in sputtering deposition process, which strongly depends on internal stress of thin film, has been evaluated regarding to a new parameter P i we previously proposed for fine-tuning of mechanical, optical, electrical and magnetic properties. In this study, we demonstrate to estimate the P i defined as ( i / a ) p , where i the ion flux, a the atom flux and p the ion's momentum, by means of Langmuir probe and multi-grid analyzer in a function of negative bias voltage applied on substrates V sub . As a result, it was found that the P i was roughly proportional to V sub except on lower voltage than 30 V. This indicates that the P i should be measured plasma-diagnostically under incident ion energy as low as plasma potential.


EDRS Price MF-$0.25 HC-$2.05 Community Services, Counseling, *Nonprofessional Personnel, *Paraprofessional School Personnel, School Aides, Social Services, Social Work, *Subprofessionals, *Teacher Aides, Volunteers, Welfare Agencies The early use of paraprofessionals by the National Youth Administration in the 1930s is briefly reviewed, followed by an examination of the three main settings in which they have been employed; 1) teaching, where a variety of programs has used students and neighborhood residents for tutoring, assisting as teaching team members, monitoring study centers, managing audiovisual equipment, strengthening school-community relations, etc.; 2) social work, where hospitals, child adoption agencies, and social service programs have been able to employ housewives and indigenous workers; 3) counseling and psychotherapy in state hospitals, mental health agencies, rehabilitation agencies, and schools. The specific functions of the paraprofessional are considered, as well as the problems which arise if they seem to threaten the status of the professional or because of different and conflicting values and life styles. The success of the programs is seen to depend on proper selection, adequate training, clear definition of the role to provide for budgeting support and career development, and the successful interaction between supervising professionals and the paraprofessionals. Many major studies of the subject are cited in the text and there is a 65-item bibliography. (MBM) .UTILIZATION OF PARAPROFESSIONALS IN EDUCATION AND THE HELPING PROFESSIONS 4 A Review of the Literature Kenneth B. Motherly Professor of Education Georgia State University


In this paper, a microstrip array antenna loaded with double-layer parasitic stacked patches is design at 77 GHz for the application of long-range automotive radar. The array antenna works as the radiation source, the parasitic patches work as directors and the ground operates as the reflector. The estimated directivity is enhanced to 22.87 dBi, 3.16 dB higher than the original microstrip array antenna. The measured half power beamwidth is 8° in E-plane and 22° in H-plane while the impedance bandwidth is from 76.15 to 77.46 GHz, which agree with the simulated results reasonably.


In the paper a method is presented for the removal of impulsive disturbances from noisy speech and musical signals. The algorithm is based on a detection-interpolation scheme. The design of the impulsive noise detector subsystem is motivated by the observation that linear prediction systems are quite adequate for the modelling of speech signals whereas they can not model impulsive disturbances. It is shown that transforming the speech signal to the glottal excitation may result in significant reduction of the scale of the speech signal to almost that of the excitation signal whereas the scale of impulsive noise does not decrease. This can lead to a significant improvement in the detectability of the noise pulses. Further improvement may be obtained by the application of a matched filter to the noisy excitation signal. The signal samples that are obliterated by impulsive noise are discarded and interpolated. The interpolation method produces a least squared error estimate of the missing samples using speech samples in the vicinity of the missing block and an estimate of the LPC model of the signal. It is shown that the performance of the interpolation system improves significantly when the LPC model incorporates long term correlation structure in addition to the usual short term correlation parameters.


Clone support can be useful for the quality and maintenance of software projects. Significant research has been done in locating code clones but not much effort has been put in tracking "Copy and Paste" operations even though these operations are the primary source for clone formation. We design and implement a code editor named CSeR, which keeps record of clones created by "Copy and Paste", and tracks and visualizes the changes made to a new clone with distinct colors. The changes are calculated by comparing the Abstract Syntax Trees (ASTs) for a pair of clones incrementally as edits are made to the code. This incremental approach makes CSeR unique and more accurate than other similar tools. An empirical study was conducted with 37 test cases collected from industry and research projects to test the robustness and usefulness of the tool. A total of 533 changes were identified and categorized into 20 different types. A comparative study with related tools is included, which demonstrates the uniqueness of CSeR. Finally, some potential extensions that can widen CSeR's scope of applications are explained as future work.


Starting from a spectral problem, we derive the well-known Heisenberg hierarchy. An explicit and universal Darboux transformation for the whole hierarchy is constructed. The soliton solutions for the Heisenberg hierarchy are obtained by applying the Darboux transformation.


AGU Advances is a premier open access journal with transparent review and with commentary accompanying the research articles that places their results in a wider context.


Culture of Mtb is the gold standard for diagnosis as it is the most sensitive and provides an isolate for drug susceptibility testing and species identification (Bernardo, 2021). Nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) use polymerase chain reactions (PCR) to enable sensitive detection and identification of low density infections ( Pai, Flores, Hubbard, Riley, & Colford, 2004). Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs) are blood tests of cell-mediated immune response which measure T cell release of interferon (IFN)-gamma following stimulation by specific antigens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens (Lewinsohn et al., 2017; Menzies, 2021) used to detect a cellular immune response to M. tuberculosis which would indicate latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) (Pai et al., 2014).


Agriculture sector is the mainstay of Pakistan's economy accounting for about 25.6% of the gross domestic product (GDP). H employs 51.15% of the labour force and earns 70% of the country's foreign exchange. Sugarcane is one of the cash crops of the growers and a major raw material input for the domestic sugar processing industry. The area under sugarcane during 1990-91 was 884 thousand hectares with the production of 35.99 million tonnes, There are 48 sugar mills in Pakistan, of which 23 arc situated in Punjab, 20 in Sindh, and 5 in NWFP. Thus, Punjab occupies an important position in cane growing provinces of Pakistan. Punjab grows sugarcane on about 0.5 million hectares with cane production of about 19 million tonnes. Consequently, it shares 58.64% area and 52.64% production of cane in Pakistan. Pakistan ranks fifth in respect of cane acreage, whereas its position with respect to average yield is eighteenth among the cane growing countries. There may be so many reasons for low production but non-adoption of agricultural innovations due to personal and situational factors seems to be of prime importance. The present study was, therefore, planned to determine the role of these factors in the adoption of recommended farm practices by sugarcane growers.


The present diploma work was carried out in Bayamo, city belonging to the county of Granma, Cuba. The same one has as title "Behavior of the social responsibility of the self-employed workers associated to the gastronomic activity around historical center at Bayamo" and it has as objective to do a practical study of the main socially responsible practices for these small businesses. An exhaustive bibliographical revision was carried out and the historical- logical and inductive-deductive methods were used that facilitated the obtaining of necessary information for the elaboration of this work….


INTRODUCTION. Partial melting is the spectacular feature of eclog ite xenoliths from kimberlites worldwide. It was descri bed for eclogites from South African kimberlites (e.g. Taylor, Neal, 1985 and references therein), while th e most detailed study of this phenomenon was performe d for eclogites from Yakutian kimberlites (Spetsius, Taylor, 2002, 2003; Misra et al., 2004; Shatsky et a l., 2005). In addition to the hypothesis considering kimberlite magma as an agent of partial melting of xenoliths (Spetsius, 1999), there is a basis to sug gest that the partial melting is related to penetration of deepseated fluids into mantle eclogites prior their cap ture by kimberlite magma (Spetsius, Taylor, 2002, 2003). There are petrological and geochemical evidences for  relation of the partial melting of eclogites with crystallization of microdiamonds or formation of «fibrous coats» (Spetsius, Taylor, 2002, 2003; Shats ky et al., 2005). Thus, the eclogite partial melting co uld proceed within the diamond stability field, i.e. ab ove 4.0-4.5 GPa. In some cases, the products of partial melting in t he eclogite xenoliths preserved glasses or mineral associations, which are products of subsequent recrystallization of these glasses. These quenched me lts show unique, but widely varying, composition (Fig. 1). The SiO2 content varies from 40 to 70 wt. %, while alkali content is above 5 wt. % and, in some cases,  reaches 15-17 wt. % (Fig. 1). In many cases, potass ium notably dominates over sodium. Alumosilicate melts of similar composition (Fig. 1) are known as inclusion i diamonds associated with eclogitic minerals, (Bulanova et al., 1993; Novgorodov et al., 1990; O.  Navon, pers. comm.). It gives additional evidence f or possible relation of such melts to the diamond formation. Similarity of compositions of partial me lts in eclogite xenoliths and that of the melt inclusio ns in diamonds shows that both types of melts could be closely related to each other. Following to the above compositional characteristics, we can conclude that such melts ca n not be produced during the isochemical melting of eclogites, rather than related to the interaction w ith highly alkalic fluids. Data on mineral assemblages in the products of partial melting of some xenoliths (especially, from the Yakutian kimberlites) allow suggest a possible composition of a fluid participa ted in the process. In some cases, the products of part ial melting involve unique phases: sanidine, djerfisher ite, phlogopite, sodalite, various carbonates Fig. 1 Compositional characteristics of silicate melts in partially molten eclogite nodules and inclusions in diamonds.


In many Indian schools, a high student-teacher ratio makes it an uphill struggle for teachers to assess the knowledge of individual students and deficiencies in the students' understanding. Teachers should have a clear picture on what concepts each student has mastered, and which concepts the teacher needs to review in greater detail. This paper investigates the students' concept knowledge, based on the interaction of the students with an intelligent tutoring system. The Feature-Aware Student knowledge Tracing (FAST) algorithm was used, since the algorithm facilitates the separation of lesson-specific skills from concept knowledge. Data from 2400 first-grade students from 28 schools were used for the analysis. Findings include a moderate fit model and an easy interpretation of the model parameters.


We propose a mobile fronthaul architecture to handle the tidal effect for dynamic provisioning, and also protect the main baseband units, using injection locking of Fabry-Perot laser diodes. Downstream transmissions at 2.5 Gbit/s to 4 Gbit/s over 20-km have been experimentally demonstrated over the proposed architecture.


The application of game theory to library networks consists of four basic subjects: the development of a systematic way to study individual coalitions, the calculation of the costs of a network, the calculation of the gross benefits for the whole network, the stability of the network. This article concentrates on the first and last of these subjects. Coalitions are compared in a systematic way by first defining coalitions and introducing the concept of a division. The latter is defined as a unique combination of coalitions such that every participating library is a member of one and only one coalition and the division exhausts all "n" libraries. The definition of division stability depends on the payoff vector being in the "core." This happens when members of the coalitions in the division have more to distribute among themselves than they would in any other division. When a division is stable, any variation in the coalition structure will reduce total net benefits to coalition members. In practice, the choices open to the individual library may not be as plentiful as the theoretical analysis suggests. Thinking of networks performing a single function, most members will belong to a single coalition with remaining coalitions in the optimal division having zero members.


We study the stability of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) with attractive twoand three-body interactions by analyzing the nonlinear, cubic quintic Gross-Pitaevskii equation (CQGPE). By employing a projection operator method we discuss the stabilization of an attractive BEC by varying the strength of the trapping potential. Our analysis suggests that the reduction in strength of the external trap potential increases the stability of an attractive BEC. These results were also confirmed through direct numerical simulations of the CQGPE.


Lyon Marchant, performed by the students of Trinity College in Lyons (1541) under B. Aneau's supervision, appears exceptional in the French-speaking drama of the 16th century. In this paper, we aim to demonstrate that, as a topical drama, the play proposes to young players to learn and master public expression, through the satirical interpretation of contemporary events. We also question the ways the language can express reality, encoding and decoding judgments by verbal puns or visual enigmas. Learning politics on stage means to learn the complexity of dramatic langage. Lyon Marchant, « french satire », is also entitled by Aneau « enigma ». The play calls players, spectators and readers to reflect and interpret, a process complexified by the marginal notes of the printed edition in 1542. Aneau, translator of Alciat's Emblemata and familiar of Rabelais's novels, uses the dramatic stage as a pedagogical experiment about the problematic relations between language, reality and signification, a crucial debate for the 16th century.


Large-eddy simulations (LES) of turbulence involve the solution of the Navier-Stokes equations for moderate-to-large length scales with the unresolved (small-scale) eddies modeled using transport (usually eddyviscosity) models. In this paper the renormalization group (RNG) techniques is used to develop LES for high-Reynolds-number flows.


Archaeological investigations of 'desert kites' in south Israel show them to have been animal traps of considerable sophistication and capacity, constructed in the Early Bronze Age or earlier. Extensive stone-wall arms gather in gazelles from their habitual trails and canalise them into a sunken enclosure, cunningly hidden from view of the galloping herd until it was too late…


1. Huber M, Kaiser A. Re.: The paper "impact of cochlear implantation on cognitive functions of older adults: Pilot test results," recently published in Otology & Neurotology (38: e289-e295_2017). Otology & Neurotology: Official publication of the American Otological Society, American Neurotology Society [and] European Academy of Otology and Neurotology 2017. Otol Neurotol 2017. [Epub ahead of print]. 2. Nelson HE, Willison JR. The Revised National Adult Reading Test-Test Manual. Windsor, UK: NFER-Nelson; 1991. 3. Cognition C. CANTABeclipse Test Administration Guide. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Cognition, 2004. 4. Cosetti M, Pinkston J, Flores J, et al. Neurocognitive testing and cochlear implantation: Insights into performance in older adults. Clin Interv Aging 2016;11:603–13. 5. Mosnier I, Bebear J-P, Marx M, et al. Improvement of cognitive function after cochlear implantation in elderly patients. JAMA Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2015;141:442–50.


Lot of research has been done in literary studies around the problem of narrative and the narrator. The category of narrative is very complex, varied, and the ways it is conveyed in the fiction text are different. The concept of narratology is closely related to the activity of telling a story in a fiction text. Scholars in the study of narratology pay attention to its functions, ways of transmission, and specific features. If we consider history and the narrator in very close interaction, it is obvious that there is a specific function of the narrator in the transmission of historical discourse in the fiction text. In this article, within the framework of historical discourse, the activity of the narrator in the work of M. Magauin «Kipchak Beauty» is comparatively analyzed. The influence of the historical and artistic text on the historical consciousness through the narrator is studied. The research work in relation to the narrative was guided by the works of such scientists as M. Bakhtin, M. Lotman, V. Schmid, J. Jeannette, E. A. Popov. No one denies that bringing historical circumstances to the reader in a work of fiction deepens the essence of historical discourse. Consequently, each of these categories becomes an object of research in its own way, and although the theoretical features are scientifically differentiated and complicated, the article studies their integral reflection in the literary text. The article attempts to identify the features of the connection between narrative and historical discourse. In the course of the study, methods of comparison, comparison-analysis, interpretation, semantics were used. As a result of the research, the relationship between the category of narrative and historical discourse is revealed, the interpretation of historical facts by the narrator in a literary text is considered.


Sexism  is  a  stereotype  of  differentiating  people  based  on  their  gender  which  causes  discrimination  and  unequal  treatment  by  one  gender  against  another.  It  can  be  displayed  in  every  aspect  of  life  especially  in  language.  Sexist  language  has  been  portrayed  in  our  everyday  activity  which  includes  media  such  as  film.  This  paper  examines sexist language in three Nollywood movies using Sara Mills' (2008) modelas its theoretical framework. The findings reveal that the characters in these movies use the following types of sexist language: overt sexism in generic noun, compound words, naming and non-parallel terms, and insult terms. This study has also found out that in these movies, overt sexism was used mainly by male characters.


Abstract : This study is a continuation of Reports 1 and 2 of this series which described Series 1, 2, and 3 tests, which were performed using different field methods of repairs and restoration of bomb craters. Results from these tests showed problem areas that needed correction when the crater repairs were trafficked with full-scale loading. Series 4 tests were run to determine (a) a way to place grout with a minimum of equipment and verify thickness requirements, (b) whether a poor-quality material could be stabilized with high early-strength cement and trafficked early, (c) whether the loose stone problem (foreign object damage (FOD)) encountered with the well-graded crushed limestone could be corrected with a cap of neat grout placed over the limestone, and (d) whether an asphalt with an indefinite storage life could be used for the binder in surface treatments and to obtain additional data with surface treatments as a possible solution for the loose stone problem (FOD) encountered with the crushed limestone. Testing was by accelerated traffic using single- and multiple-wheel gear assemblies. (Author)


The paper Illustrates potential benefits the University of Michigan Health System would gain with the implementation of a specialty hospital for cardiovascular care in an existing healthcare complex in Michigan. Through an introduction of some of the many business strategies of healthcare delivery in the American healthcare system, an overview of delivery within a specialized hospital is provided. Benefits of these various strategies are examined in the specific context of the University of Michigan Health System and the Samuel and Frankel Jean Cardiovascular Center. The Integrated Care Model of the Michigan Health Complex creates numerous benefits, including economy of scale and avoidance of double examination. Through the new construction of the Cardiovascular Center, the patient flow through the system could be improved. With a concentration on a business strategy of specialized care, they can enhance excellence in patient values and product differentiation through the focus on cardiovascular diseases.


Musculoskeletal models are effective tools for understanding living systems. To ensure proper model function, they must be checked against the literature or specimens. Existing checking methods require cadaver experimentation, highly knowledgeable medical personnel, and/or significant time. In this paper, we propose a quick and efficient method, called functional consistency checking, for use when these resources are not available. This method uses the literature to define a set of mathematical constraints, custom inverse dynamics software to interact with the model and its Jacobian in realtime and then evaluates the models consistency with these constraints. The method's usefulness will be demonstrated by constructing a human hand prototype, performing functional consistency checking, and then comparing the original to the output using data from a pianist motion capture.


Abstract Pile set-up and pile relaxation refer to the time dependent increase and decrease in the load carrying capacity of driven piles respectively. These two phenomena are governed mainly by the dissipation of excess pore pressure. In the case of pile set-up, the initially induced positive pore pressure within the soil mass becomes almost zero after some time, resulting in an increase in effective stress, whereas in the case of pile relaxation, the reduction of initially induced negative pore pressure causes a decrease in effective stress with time. For the safe and economical design of driven piles, a reliable prediction of the variation in pile capacity is essential. The researchers have tried to understand set-up and relaxation in the past, and attempted to predict the variation in pile capacity. This paper presents an insight into the pile set-up and the time dependent increase in load carrying capacity of driven piles along with some details of pile relaxation through a critical review of experimental and mathematical studies reported until recently. The review shows that the most studies are related to the set-up of driven piles because the driven piles are generally used in loose sandy and soft clayey grounds where set-up phenomenon is often observed. Some empirical relationships have been reported to predict set-up, and demonstrated reasonable success in a number of studies. A number of exploration phase field tests offering potential value in predicting set-up have been identified. A possibility of estimating pile set-up during design stage with the help of relevant subsurface exploration program is also discussed.


Since Mambo et al. introduced the concept of proxy signature in 1996, many proxy signature schemes have been proposed. Recently, Wang et al. and Zhao et al. proposed an ID-based proxy signature scheme and an ID-based anonymous proxy signature scheme, respectively. And they also claimed that the proposed scheme satisfied the required security properties of proxy signature. In this paper, we show that these two proxy signature schemes are insecure against original signer's forgery, and can not provide undeniability.


The present invention discloses a gallium nitride diode and a manufacturing method thereof. The gallium nitride diode comprises a substrate; a first channel layer disposed above the substratel a first barrier layer disposed on the first channel layer, a first two-dimensional electron gas being formed between the first barrier layer and the first channel layer; a cap layer structure disposed on the first barrier layer; a cathode disposed on the first barrier layer at one side of the cap layer structure and/or extending into the first barrier layer, a gap being arranged between the cap layer structure and the cathode; and anodes disposed at the first barrier layer at the other side of the cap layer structure and/or extending into the first barrier layer, the anodes covering to an upper surface of the cap layer structure. The gallium nitride diode provided by the present invention has characteristics of being low in threshold voltage and on resistance, high in positive breakover current and negative withstanding voltage, and low in negative electric leakage.


Dense BaTiO_3 ceramics consisting of fine grains were prepared using fine powder (average grain size of 0.06 μm; BT006) as a starting material and the spark plasma sintering (SPS) method. The powder was densified to >95% of theoretical x-ray density by the SPS process, and the average grain size of the resulting ceramics was <0.5 μm; the particle size of the initial powder significantly affects the grain size of the resulting SPS pellets. Fixed-frequency (100 kHz), room-temperature permittivity measurements of the BT006-SPS ceramics showed relatively low values (3000–3500) compared with those (typically 5000) for SPS ceramics consisting of larger grains (approximately 1 μm). Lower permittivity was attributed to poor development of ferroelectric domains in the ceramics, which originated from incomplete development of the tetragonal structure as well as the presence of a local orthorhombic structure.


Objective: To observe the index change of TNF-α and VEGF in peripheral blood and synovial joint of RA patients by the treatment of electro-acupuncture in order to ensure the clinical cure effect.Methods: 68 cases were randomly divided into an electro-acupuncture group with 34 cases and an acupuncture group with 34cases.And selected acupoints combined global and local and global chose main with yang meridian and local took pain as shu principally,dispersing meridian and dredging collateral,dispelling wind and expelling painful.One time every other day and ten times as a period of treatment and treated for 3 periods.Results: There was an obviously effect of both electro-acupuncture and acupuncture on TNF-α and VEGF in peripheral blood and synovial joint(P0.05),but seen from the comparison of absolute value and improve value of index change after treatment,electro-acupuncture group had an equal effect with acupuncture group in reduction of TNF-α in peripheral blood and synovial joint,but electro-acupuncture group was better in absolute value of index improvement after treatment(P0.05) and results were fit to clinical cure effects.Conclusion: Electro-acupuncture could effectively reduce the contention of TNF-α and VEGF in peripheral blood and synovial joints,improved the endo-environment of RA and increased clinical effect.


We have successfully fabricated a 2.78-in 1058-ppi flexible OLED display. This display exhibits the highest pixel density in the world among flexible displays using thin film transistors. The display can be bent with a curvature radius R = 1 mm and shows a high resistance.


1Predictive Biomarkers and Novel Therapeutic Strategies in Oncology, Inserm U981, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; 2Université Paris-Saclay, Faculté de Médecine, Le Kremlin-Bicêtre, France; 3Department of Radiation Oncology, Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; 4INSERM U1030, Molecular Radiotherapy, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France; 5Department of Radiology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; 6Department of Medical Oncology, Institut d'Oncologie Thoracique (IOT), Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France; 7Department of Medical Biology and Pathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Center, Villejuif, France Background: ROS1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have showed activity and efficacy in ROS1-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In the clinical practice, besides the utilization of crizotinib, less is known about the best treatment strategies involving additional, new-generation TKIs for the sequential treatment of ROS1-positive NSCLC patients. Case Presentation: A patient suffering from a ROS1-rearranged lung adenocarcinoma, after receiving cisplatin-pemetrexed chemotherapy, was treated with entrectinib, a newgeneration ALK/ROS1/NTRK inhibitor. After 16 months, central nervous system (CNS) metastases appeared, without extra-cerebral disease progression. Stereotactic brain radiotherapy was performed and entrectinib was maintained, due to the global systemic disease control. Approximately one month after radiotherapy, thoracic and meningeal progressions were detected, the latter highly symptomatic with neurocognitive disorders, visual hallucinations and worsening of psycho-motor impairment. A lumbar puncture was positive for tumor cells and for an EZR-ROS1 fusion. The administration of lorlatinib (a third-generation ALK/ROS1 inhibitor) prompted an extremely rapid improvement of clinical conditions, anticipating the positive results observed at radiologic evaluation that confirmed the disease response still ongoing after nine months since treatment start. Discussion: With the expanding availability of targeted agents with differential activity on resistance mechanism and on CNS disease, choosing wisely the best treatment strategies is pivotal to assure the best clinical outcomes in oncogene-addicted NSCLC patients. Here we have reported lorlatinib reverted an almost fatal meningeal carcinomatosis developing during entrectinib in a ROS1-positive NSCLC patient.


The ortho effect of the chloro substituents in 2,6-dichlorobenzoyl chloride sufficiently hindered attack on the acyl carbon such that an ionization mechanism was observed over the full range of solvents studied. We now compare this behavior with that of 2,6-difluorobenzoyl chloride. The smaller fluoro substituents allow the dominant pathway to be addition–elimination (association–dissociation) in all solvents except those rich in fluoroalcohol, where ionization is dominant. Ranges of operation for both mechanisms had previously been observed for the parent benzoyl chloride but with a wider ionization range than for the 2,6-difluoro derivative. This indicates that, relative to the parent, the electronic destabilizing influence of the fluorines on acyl cation formation outweighs the steric retardation to attack because of the presence of the two ortho-fluorine atoms. An extended (two-term) Grunwald–Winstein equation treatment of the solvolyses of 2,6-difluorobenzoyl chloride is reported. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


In the last two decades, the biodegradable polycarbonates have attracted much attention in biomedical application due to their excellent properties such as mechanical properties and biocompatibility and so on. Usually, biodegradable polycarbonats are divided into two classes: aliphatic polycarbonates and aromatic polycarbonates in view of their main chain structure. Recently, increasing effort was taken to adjust the structure and properties of the polycarbonates to meet a range of different demands in biomedical application. In this paper, the development of the biodegradable polycarbonates was thoroughly reviewed and the application in the biomedical field was also chiefly illustrated.


Increased emphasis has been placed on reducing the environmental impact of geothermal power developments. Part of this is the visual impact of geothermal pipelines going from wells to steam separators. This thesis compares the use of the Chamfer distance algorithm and a Dijkstra's algorithm distance transform to find the least cost pipeline route through a geothermal landscape, from borehole to steam separator, with regards to the pipeline's visual impact. The method also finds the least cost steam separator placement with regards to the least cost pipeline routes. Key observation points are taken into consideration, where each location visible from an observation point is given a cost depending on how visible the pipeline would be in that location. The view cost is used as a distance multiplier in the three dimensional distance transform. The study finds that Chamfer distance algorithm is faster than Chamfer distance algorithm when determining pipeline distances in a physical landscape subject to elevation changes, and that the visibility method directs the pipeline route away from highly visible areas.


Fix any $\lambda\in\mathbb{C}$. We say that a set $S\subseteq\mathbb{C}$ is $\lambda$-$convex$ if, whenever $a$ and $b$ are in $S$, the point $(1-\lambda)a+\lambda b$ is also in $S$. If $S$ is also (topologically) closed, then we say that $S$ is $\lambda$-$clonvex$. We investigate the properties of $\lambda$-convex and $\lambda$-clonvex sets and prove a number of facts about them. Letting $R_\lambda\subseteq\mathbb{C}$ be the least $\lambda$-clonvex superset of $\{0,1\}$, we show that if $R_\lambda$ is convex in the usual sense, then $R_\lambda$ must be either $[0,1]$ or $\mathbb{R}$ or $\mathbb{C}$, depending on $\lambda$. We investigate which $\lambda$ make $R_\lambda$ convex, derive a number of conditions equivalent to $R_\lambda$ being convex, and give several conditions sufficient for $R_\lambda$ to be convex or not convex; in particular, we show that $R_\lambda$ is either convex or uniformly discrete. Letting $\mathcal{C} := \{\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\mid \mbox{$R_\lambda$ is convex}\}$, we show that $\mathbb{C}\setminus\mathcal{C}$ is closed, discrete and contains only algebraic integers. We also give a sufficient condition on $\lambda$ for $R_\lambda$ and some other related $\lambda$-convex sets to be discrete by introducing the notion of a strong PV number. These conditions give rise to a number of periodic and aperiodic Meyer sets (the latter sometimes known as "quasicrystals"). The paper is in four parts. Part I describes basic properties of $\lambda$-convex and $\lambda$-clonvex sets, including convexity versus uniform discreteness. Part II explores the connections between $\lambda$-convex sets and quasicrystals and displays a number of such sets, including several with dihedral symmetry. Part III generalizes a result from Part I about the $\lambda$-convex closure of a path, and Part IV contains our conclusions and open problems.


The work addressed in this paper focuses on the preservation of the conceptual model within a specific class of digital objects: Relational Databases. Previously, a neutral format was adopted to pursue the goal of platform independence and to achieve a standard format in the digital preservation of relational databases, both data and structure (logical model). Currently, in this project, we address the preservation of relational databases by focusing on the conceptual model of the database, considering the database semantics as an important preservation "property". For the representation of this higher layer of abstraction present in databases we use an ontology based approach. At this higher


A new kind of health vinegar drink named asparagus vinegar beverage was processed.The formula of the drink with nice flavor were determined by orthogonal test method.Meanwhile, the effects of the drink on reducing lipid content was studied by and animal testing.The results showed that the best formula of drink was composed of 12% of asparagus vinegar, 8% of crystal sugar, 0.2% of citric acid, and the content of TC, TG, LDL-C, AI of test group reduced apparently compared with the Obesity model group(p0.01), this proved that vinegar beverage had functional effects of reducing weight.


Objective To study the pharmacokinetics of peramivir trihydrate and sodium chloride injection in Chinese healthy volunteers.Methods Thirty healthy volunteers were enrolled and administered with single or multiple doses of 150,300 or 600 mg peramivir trihydrate and sodium chloride injection by intravenous drip infusion(n = 10 for each dose level).The concentrations of peramivir in human plasma and urine were determined by HPLC-MS / MS.The main pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated with WinNonLin 5.0 software.Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of peramivir after single dose of 150,300 and 600 mg peramivir trihydrate and sodium chloride injection were as follows: c max were(10.95 ± 1.98),(20.50 ± 2.08),(44.22 ± 7.00) μg·mL-1;V were(30.54 ± 7.24),(36.36 ± 5.40),(36.45 ± 14.29) L;CL were(7.58 ±1.30),(7.02 ±0.94),(6.29 ±0.75) L·h-1;AUC 0-t were(20.28 ± 3.72),(43.54 ± 7.79),(96.47 ± 11.42) μg·mL-1·h;accumulative urine excretion rate of 24 h( Ae%) were( 72. 20 ± 22. 10) %,( 82. 25 ± 11. 61) %,( 82. 00 ± 8. 46) %,respectively. The main pharmacokinetic parameters of peramivir after multiple dose of 150 and 300 mg peramivir trihydrate and sodium chloride injection were as follows: c max,ss were( 10. 48 ± 1. 28),( 20. 19 ± 2. 73) μg·mL- 1; AUC0- t were( 19. 25 ± 2. 94),( 44. 40 ± 6. 41) μg·mL- 1·h; CL ss were( 7. 92 ± 1. 04),( 6. 88 ± 0. 94) L·h- 1; accumulation ratio were( 1. 03 ± 0. 03),( 1. 03 ± 0. 02); Ae were( 70. 98 ± 15. 91) %,( 73. 39 ± 10. 94) %,respectively. Conclusion The process of peramivir in the dosage range of 150- 600 mg dose not show any significant departure from linear dynamic feature. There is no accumulation after multiple dosing. Peramivir is mainly eliminated from urine in parent drug.


In this article, the author defends that disputes regarding the remuneration of federal public servants, in which the opposing party is the State or a Public Entity, can be solved through arbitration. This assertion is based on a broader interpretation of objective arbitrability, which is consistent with the principles of legality, efficiency, and with the public interest.


This paper focues on materials of decorative painting and new processes' inquiry.Pulp decorative painting costs very few money and production speed's time.Color-rich can be beautify on people's living enviroment.The painting can show on different sences of vision and color's conformity,pulp texture,crafts.At the same time,pulp decorative painting can be coordination with the enviroment.The painting enhanced beautiful feelings on living enviroment.Decorative painting pulp can formed series of hand-workshops,and undertaking market promotion.As a new means of artistic expression,it has a certain artistic value and market prospects.


Uncontrolled population of stray and domicile dogs with intestinal protozoan in close proximity to increasing densities of human population in urban environments is a common fact in developing countries, in conjunction with the lack of veterinary attention and zoonotic awareness, increases the risks of disease transmission. We examined using standard method 108 stool specimens of stray and domicile dogs collected randomly from Ilorin, state capital of Kwara State, Nigeria for intestinal protozoan. The prevalence of intestinal parasites from both stray and domicile dogs was 64(59.3%). Three parasites were encountered; Anchylostoma  sp, Cryptosporidium sp and Isospora sp. Female dogs were more infected (48.9%) than male dogs (11.1%) (P<0.001) while the stray dogs had more intestinal parasitic infection (68.3%) than domicile dogs (46.7). More of Cryptosporidium sp was observed among strayed dogs (36.5%). Double infection was highest in stray dogs (12.7%) than in domicile dogs (4.4%) but not statistically significant (p=0.051). Consistent sanitary education must be included in public health government actions as a first step for the control of intestinal parasites in dogs and good sanitation and hygiene should be encouraged minimize environmental contamination and contact with the infectious oocysts that may be shed by dogs. Keywords : Stray dog, domicile dog, zoonoses, Crysptosporidium, Isospora.


Compounds of the general formula (I) and their salts, in which the variables mean: n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, where the radical R may be different if n is greater than 1; Q is -C(=CHCH3)-COOCH3, -C(=CHOCH3)-COOCH3, -C(=NOCH3)-COOCH3 or -C(=NOCH3)-NH(CH3); Het is a possibly substituted pyrazol ring; R is nitro, cyano, halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, C1-C4 halogen alkyl, C1-C4 alkoxy, C1-C4 halogen alkoxy, C1-C4 alkylthio or possibly substituted phenyl, phenoxy or, if n is greater than 1, a possible substituted 1,3 butadiene-1,4-diyl group bonded to two adjacent carbon atoms of the phenyl radical; R is hydrogen or a possible substituted one or two-nuclear carbo or heterocyclic aromatic ring which is bonded to the radical Het directly or via a (-CR R -) [R , R = H or alkyl or -CR R - = (-C(=O)-) or (-C(=NOR )-); R = alkyl or alkinyl], agents containing them and the use of the compounds (I) and the agents to combat damaging fungi and animal pests.


A meta-analysis of 9 RCTs (N=30,653) compared different doses and types of statin therapy for adverse effects of hepatic toxicity, muscle toxicity, and elevation of transaminase and creatine kinase (CK) levels. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 5 years. The trials compared different doses (higher/lower) of the same drug: atorvastatin 80 vs 10 mg/d, simvastatin 40–80 mg/d vs 20–40 mg/d, lovastatin 76 vs 4 mg/d, and pravastatin 40 mg/d. In all 9 RCTs, the higher dose statin group had significantly higher transaminase levels (defined as >2 or 3 times the upper limit of normal [ULN]) compared with the lower dose group (1.5% vs 0.4%; risk ratio [RR] 3.1; 95% CI, 1.7–5.6). The analysis also showed greater increase in transaminase levels with higher dose hydrophilic statins (pravastatin and atorvastatin) compared to the lower dose hydrophilic group (5 RCTs, n=15,592; RR 3.5; 95% CI, 1.8–6.9). There was no increase in CK elevation in either hydrophilic group. The high-dose lipophilic statins (lovastatin and simvastatin) were more likely to cause increase in CK levels (defined as 3–10 times ULN) compared with the low-dose lipophilic group (2 RCTs, n=5,848; RR 6.1; 95% CI, 1.4–27). A subsequent network meta-analysis of 135 RCTs involving 246,955 patients with and without cardiovascular disease compared several individual statin therapies. Patients randomized to all statins had a clinically significant increased risk of transaminase elevation (defined as 3 times ULN) compared with controls (OR 1.5; 95% CI, 1.2–1.8). Atorvastatin (OR 2.5; 95% CI, 1.7–3.7) and fluvastatin (OR 5.2; 95% CI, 1.9–15) had higher odds of transaminase elevations compared with controls. When compared head to head, pravastatin (OR 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2– 0.7), rosuvastatin (OR 0.6; 95% CI, 0.4–0.9), and simvastatin (OR 0.5; 95% CI, 0.3–0.7) had lower odds of transaminase elevations compared with atorvastatin. When CK elevations were compared, statins as a class did not demonstrate a significant increase compared with controls (OR 1.13; 95% CI, 0.8–1.5). However there was a dose–response relationship with certain statins like simvastatin; doses >40 mg/d had significantly higher odds of elevated CK levels compared with controls (OR 4.1; 95% CI, 1.1–16).


Pulse transformer size is fundamentally linked to application pulselength, pulse power and pulse rise time. In considering long-pulse high-power applications, it has earlier been demonstrated that the large voltage-time integral associated with long-pulse operation in combination with the severe pulse rise time required to ensure high pulse efficiency strictly limits the number of transformer winding turns thereby resulting in extremely large pulse transformers. This article investigates a new way of sizing and controlling an electronic bouncer circuit in reducing the effective pulse rise time. It is demonstrated that, in considering typical long-pulse application parameters, the pulse rise time may generally be reduced by a factor of 2, implying that pulse efficiency could be retained while significantly reducing pulse transformer volume. The developed idea is used in formulating a unified design procedure for volume-optimal pulse transformers with an electronic bouncer circuit. The method and proposed design procedure are illustrated and evaluated in a case study considering the European Spallation Source klystron modulator requirements (pulse amplitude of 115 kV/100 A, pulselength of 3.5 ms, pulse repetition rate of 14 Hz, and pulse rise time of $< 120~\mu \text{s}$ ). Finally, the proposed design procedure is used to evaluate the greatest attainable pulselength for a given set of application parameters and as a function of system constraints.


Objective: To explore the cause of chronic sinusitis. Methods: The case history, sign, CT scan and the endoscopic sinus surgery of 80 patients with chronic sinusitis were analyzed retrospectively. Results: Among all cases, the rate of allergic rhinitis was 40%, os-timeatal complex (OMC) obstruction was 55%, nasal septum deviation was 67%, up respiratory tract infection was 20% and relapsed nasal polyp was 13%. Conclusion:The cause of chronic sinusitis is the common action of multiple factors.


by improving the experiment leaves out the fllowing steps:colchicum element treated the anions' root tine, carnot fixing liquid fixed and hydrochlovic acid disposed. The techndogies such as Acetic acid carmine aqua dyeing directly simplifies Karyokinesis step,time shortens,and the cost is lowers,the effect is improved


At any time, over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in hospital. Approximate 380,000 to 450,000 preventable Adverse drug events (ADEs) occurring annually in the United States. Therefore, patient safety has become a serious global public health issue. The purpose of this paper attempts to improve medication safety and reduce ADEs using RFID technology. For improvement of medical service quality in hospitals and reducing medication error, adopting RFID technologies has progressively become a trend. Medication errors and ADEs could be prevented by building a safer healthcare system. Accordingly, we developed the RFID on Inpatient Medication Administration System (RIMAS) and reengineering the inpatient medication processes. The RIMAS system integrating RFID into the existing Hospital Information Systems (HIS) may improve the efficiency of hospital management and medication safety, as well as decrease the risk of adverse drug events thereby increase higher quality of patient care.


Comparative logic is a comprehensive theoretical science,which is built upon all kinds of sciences of logic.It is predicated on the equal dialogue of the three major logic systems,and emphasizes the initiative use of the comparative consciousness,comparative thinking and comparative methods,and has its own characteristics and fields of vision and study.Comparative logic lays emphasis not or not only on logic comparison but on absorption,for it has its own field of vision.Therefore,we should make researches into it from three different levels:description,evaluation and absorption.


Several factors make long-term climate predictions difficult. New research looks at how to improve model predictability by separating climate signals from the noise.


The Directory of Precipitation Monitoring Sites contains a four-page description of each of the atmospheric precipitation-monitoring sites that has operated or was operating as part of the National Atmospheric Deposition Program/National Trends Network (NADP/NTN) on July 1, 1986. Each site description contains information, including photographs and maps. Volume 1 contains introductory material, location maps, and sites with State abbreviations in the range from A - M.


Since the oil price collapse in the mid-80s, significant efforts have been necessary to mobilize the supplies required to meet the growing natural gas demand in Europe. The consequences of regulatory changes to the legal framework in which the gas industry operates could be very serious. These changes are expected to decrease the willingness to enter into long-term Take-or-pay obligations and to increase planning uncertainties at all supply stages. Consequently, there will be hardly any motivation to invest in extending the infrastructure and improving the security of supply. It is also unlikely that producers will still be prepared to make risk-prone front-end investments in areas such as exploration, development of new reserves or transport infrastructure. This in turn will clearly be at the expense of long-term, secure natural gas supplies in Europe.


The anchor assembly is the important part of the hydraulic lift, the stresses of which under load are analyzed using finite element method. The 3D mechanical models of anchor assembly are created with different sizes. Several important positions are investigated around the holes of upper anchor and these stresses are compared between different cases. Based upon the numerical results, the safety assessment of the anchor assembly is conducted and a reasonable design scheme is proposed.


Two successive decoalescence events in the hydride region of the 1H NMR spectrum of [ReH5(PPh3)2(py)] (py = pyridine) are now firmly associated with turnstile and pseudorotation fluxionality mechanisms by eliminating an alternative pairwise mechanism. Ab intio (B3LYP) calculations on ReH5(PH3)2L (L = pyridine) have located the transition state for the turnstile mechanism, which proves to be a second dodecahedral tautomer of the starting complex with the pyridine in the normally unfavorable A site. The fluxional process can therefore be considered as an interconversion of two dodecahedral tautomers, and the barrier for the process is identical with the energy difference of the two tautomers. From a comparison in ReH5(PPh3)2L (L = 2-(acetylamino)pyridine and 4-(acetylamino)pyridine), it is clear that having a potentially hydrogen-bonding NH group at the ortho or para positions of the pyridine ring causes an acceleration of the fluxionality, as a result of intramolecular Re−H···H−N hydrogen bonding. The theo...


Reactions of 1,10-phenanthroline with halogen bridged dinuclear species, [M2X2(PPh2O)2(PPh2OH)2] and [M2X2(PR3)4][BF4]2, give the new five co-ordinate complexes, [MX(PPh2O)(PPh2OH)(Phen)] and [MX(P...


Cases research have found that the government function of developed business towns keeps a virtuous operation in such areas as public and social arrangements after taxation reform,which reveals tax reform has little impact on government of business towns.The main reasons are that finance of these towns hardly depends on agricultural tax and the towns economy develop well.


Kac distinguished between typical and atypical finite‐dimensional irreducible representations of the Lie superalgebras sl(m/n) and provided an explicit character formula appropriate to all the typical representations. Here, the range of validity of some character formulas for atypical representations that have been proposed are discussed. Several of them are of the Kac–Weyl type, but then it is proved that all formulas of this type fail to correctly give the character of one particular atypical representation of sl(3/4). Having ruled out, therefore, all such formulas, a completely new extension of the Kac–Weyl character formula is proposed. The validity of this formula in the case of all covariant tensor irreducible representations is proved, and some evidence in support of the conjecture that it covers all irreducible representations of sl(m/n) is presented.


Background Most skin-related traits have been studied from Caucasian genetic background. A comprehensive study on skin-associated genetic effects on under-represented populations like Vietnam is needed to fill the gaps in the field. Objectives To develop a computational pipeline to predict the effect of genetic factors on skin traits using public data (GWAS catalogs and whole genome sequencing (WGS) data of 1000 genomes project-1KGP) and in-house Vietnamese data (WGS and genotyping by SNP array). By using this information we may have a better understanding of the susceptibility of Vietnamese people. Methods Vietnamese cohorts of whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 1008 healthy individuals for the reference and 96 genotyping samples (which do not have any skin cutaneous issues) by Infinium Asian Screening Array-24 v1.0 BeadChip were employed to predict skin-associated genetic variants of 25 skin-related and micronutrients requirement traits in population analysis and correlation analysis. Simultaneously, we compared the landscape of cutaneous issues of Vietnamese people with other populations by assessing their genetic profiles. Results The skin-related genetic profile of Vietnamese cohorts is similar at most with East Asian (JPT: Fst=0.036, CHB: Fst=0.031, CHS: Fst=0.027, CDX: Fst=0.025) in the population study. In addition, we identified pairs of skin traits being at high risk of frequent co-occurrence (such as skin aging and wrinkles (r = 0.45, p =1.50e-5) or collagen degradation and moisturizing (r = 0.35, p = 1.1e-3). Conclusion This is the first investigation in Vietnam to explore genetic variants of facial skin. These findings could improve inadequate skin-related genetic diversity in the currently published database.


At the saturated soft silt region, the precast supporting pilesare widely adopted for foundaion work. However ,there are frequent occurrencesof sway , which are mostiy caused of ignorance in foundation excavation and negligence in construction surveillance.In order to eliminate pilesway accident , a rational slope layout and apt excavation method should befully carried out ; in addition, the vibration of pile should be strigily avoided. Would there be any improper inclinaion of pile, it should be rectified accordingly and treated with consolidation.


Chinese animated films such as Monkey King: Hero is Back in 2015, Big Fish & Begonia in 2016 and Ne Zha: I am the Destiny in 2019 won higher box office and they achieved a similar popularity as the Wolf Warriors (2015 and 2017) in China's film market. Perhaps partially because these animations bring audience a sense of familiarization such as they reveal popular culture and collective beliefs (i.e., "I'm the Destiny" as a slogan) to promote cultural identity. On the other hand, the making of Chinese animated films has been gradually getting mature in narration, adaptation, and creation. Both the production mode and the industrial scope have been formed to compete with Japanese anime and American cartoons. Though there are still many problems in making Chinese animations, Chinese School has been working on interpretating and deconstructing the essence of Chinese culture in their animated works. This attitude also marks Chinese School's determination to disseminate Chinese culture so as to rebuild its confidence towards the animation world.


The article describes the context of disagreements that marked the PCB and that gave rise to dissident movements and institutions such as C urrent National Revolutionary, the Brazilian Party Communist Revolutionary (PCBR) and PCdoB. Are analyzed, in particular, documents produced by organs of repression, especially interviews and correspondence circulated by the Intelligence Services of the Armed Forces in the 60 and 70 that comprise the collection of the Police Fund Policies of the Public Archives of the State of Rio de Janeiro . The purpose of conducting the trimming of the text was to explore the circumstances of history of Manoel Jover Teles in trying to understand how their entry into the PCdoB occurred.


By the time Queen Victoria died in 1901, transport, communications, the global economy, and many aspects of social life were recognisably similar to those of our own day. These revolutionary developments are thoroughly explored in the book's three major sections: society, technology and the world. The contributors, all experts in their fields, consider the ideas, products, inventions and social changes wrought by the Victorians, while chapters on the Far East, India, Africa and Australasia explore their interest in the wider world. Throughout the book an array of wonderful contemporary photographs, posters, paintings, sculpture, domestic ephemera, costume, medical equipment and many other images complement the lively and informative text.


The following is a statement from NASA Administrator Charles Bolden on Piers Sellers, who passed away Friday in Houston of pancreatic cancer:


Based on ultrasonic principle, the car rain protection airproof performance test method was proposed after the main problems of the current artificial rain test were put forward. In the new method, the detection and evaluation was separated which means that the real-time detection, in the use of ultrasonic, could be achieved as the car enter the venue and according to the on-site analysis of the collected data, by the master computer, the evaluation could be given. The test results show that the new test method would save time and simplify the test procedure and so on.


John Rawls justifies the utilitarianism on the conception of ideal observer that is present on the theories of 18 TH century Scottish sentimentalists, particularly on the theories of David Hume and Adam Smith. As the thesis of utilitarianism is not so explicit and accessible on the views of both Scottish philosophers, we intend, in this paper, to confront


Contents: James E. Bradley: an appreciation Introduction, Robert D. Cornwall and William Gibson Part 1 Accommodating Religious Heterodoxy: Why the third fell out: Trinitarian dissent, Thomas C. Pfizenmaier The Bowman affair: latitudinarian theology, anti-clericalism and the limits of orthodoxy in early Hanoverian England, Stephen Taylor Enlightened thought devised from Biblical principles, Rena Denton Philip Doddridge and the formation of Calvinistic theology in an era of rationalism and deconfessionalization, Richard A. Muller 'The weight of historical evidence': Conyers Middleton and the 18th-century miracles debate, Robert G. Ingram Varieties of heterodoxy: the career of Edward Evanson (1731a "1805), G.M. Ditchfield. Part 2 Religion, Politics and Society: Dissenters, Anglicans and elections after the Toleration Act, 1689a "1710, William Gibson Politics and the lay baptism controversy in England, 1708a "1715, Robert D. Cornwall Religious dissent, the church, and the repeal of the Occasional Conformity and Schism Acts, 1714a "1719, David L. Wykes Archbishop Markham and political preaching in wartime England, 1776a "77, Nigel Aston The changing legacy and reception of John Foxe's 'Book of Martyrs' in the 'long 18th century': varieties of Anglican, Protestant and Catholic response, c.1760a "c.1850, Peter Nockles Index.


*The authors would like to thank Sara Olfert for her research assistance. Many thanks to colleagues in the Canadian Agricultural Innovation Research Network and AAFC who provided comments on the manuscript. We would also like to acknowledge the financial assistance from AAFC which made this work possible. Executive Summary Stimulated by a broad spectrum of changes occurring in the global marketplace, agricultural research policy in Canada faces many challenges and opportunities. The opportunities have been created by rapidly expanding base of biological science and genetic knowledge at a time when environmental and economic pressures have increased the demand for agricultural products and the need for innovation. The policy challenges include how to create an economic and regulatory environment for agricultural research that will stimulate additional research activity in ways that will increase the rate of innovation and the gains from research in Canada. Given the potential role that agricultural innovation can play in Canadian economic growth it is important that these policy challenges are met. Using applied welfare economics, this paper develops a framework for categorizing specific research according to the types of benefits that it provides, thus enabling policy makers to identify the types of institutions that are best suited for governing that research. Specific research areas are identified and evaluated in terms of the incentives that they create for private, public and participation sector involvement, emphasizing the role that the public sector can play. The results of the analysis suggest that the public sector, the private sector, and levy funded research all have an important role to play in funding and governing agricultural research. In some critical areas of agricultural research there are limited incentives for private research, which creates a gap and therefore an important role for public sector research. When property rights are well established, private sector for-profit research can play an important role in funding research and in commercialization, however, with the non-rival nature of research this can lead to freedom to operate issues and industry concentration. Producer controlled levy-funded research can be very effective in creating a strategic industry approach to fund and coordinate research and to disseminate results. However, given existing incentive structures, the financial resources for levy funded research is often very limited. To maximize the economic gains from research, Canadian agricultural research policy should strive to create an environment with the appropriate mix of incentives and institutions which in turn are …