Careless manufacture or assembly will yield an incidence of unsatisfactory output, the percentage of which will drop very rapidly when greater precautions are taken, but will not result in a perfect performance level, and indeed as that ideal is approached, the effort expense required to ensure higher quality rises inordinately for each small gain in quality. For a given complex of conditions of manufacture, importance of adequate supply, cost and adequacy of inspection, consequence of an unsatisfactory product, and the like, some particular level of acceptance of unsatisfactory product is to the consumer's benefit as well as to that of the producer. Recognition of this problem and discovery of solution in the form of a formalized acceptance testing plan on a sampling basis occurred in the Bell Telephone System 1 and in Germany 2 in the 1920's. A status report of progress to the end of World War II was furnished a Symposium at the Cleveland meeting of the American Statistical Association in January of 1946. 3 A survey of post war developments appeared in 1963. 4


Each of 22 amino acids in the proposed alpha‐helix‐turn‐alpha‐helix operator binding motif of the Tn10 encoded Tet repressor was replaced by alanine and one residue was replaced by valine to determine their role in tet operator recognition by a 'loss of contact' analysis with 16 operator variants. One class of amino acids consisting of T27 and R28 in the first alpha‐helix and L41, Y42, W43 and H44 in the recognition alpha‐helix are quantitatively most important for wild‐type operator binding. These residues are probably involved in the structural architecture of the motif. A second class of residues is quantitatively less important for binding, but determines specificity by forming base pair specific contacts to three positions in tet operator. This property is most clearly demonstrated for Q38 and P39 and to a lesser extent for T40 at the N‐terminus of the recognition alpha‐helix. The contacted operator base pairs indicate that the N‐terminus of the recognition alpha‐helix is located towards the palindromic center in the repressor‐operator complex. Although the orientation of the recognition alpha‐helix in the Tet repressor‐tet operator complex is inversed as compared with the lambda‐ and 434 repressor‐operator complexes, the reduced operator binding of the TA27 mutation in the first alpha‐helix suggests that the hydrogen bonding networks connecting the two alpha‐helices may be similar in these proteins.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)


This study compares how Canadian industrial engineers (IEs) and ergonomists 'position themselves' to influence human factors and ergonomics (HFE) issues. The study examined how these stakeholders perceived their influence on HFE issues, constraints they operated under, and strategies used. The results contribute to an understanding of decisions and processes surrounding HFE practices, showing that organisational entry points and stakeholder expectations on IEs and ergonomists affect their influence on HFE issues. Ergonomists influenced HFE issues by leveraging their knowledge of other stakeholders' priorities, and were more dependent on accessing the issue via a 'problem owner'. IEs were often entrusted with greater freedom to act on improvements. Expressing HFE improvements in terms of business benefits was a successful strategy for both. It was found that ergonomists operated as 'partial solution builders', trying to influence the HFE issue as an expert, lobbyist or facilitator. Based on the results, an existing framework was modified. [Received 5 August 2011; Revised 10 October 2011; Revised 28 March 2012; Accepted 30 October 2012]


Comprehension is one of the four basic language activities required to use a foreign language efficiently both in speech and in writing. In language didactics as part of Polish studies, relatively little attention has been given to this skill although the difficulty experienced by foreigners in understanding spoken Polish is often pointed out. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the current methodological practice in teaching aural comprehension in the context of psycholinguistic analysis of the processes involved in the reception and understanding of spoken text, which forms the basis for a revision of the existing assumptions.


A low-cost, compact, copper-coil ignition tokamak is the focus of design studies in FY85. For a minimum-cost machine, the toroidal field (TF) coils must be as compact as practical. On the other hand, smaller TF coils inhibit the assembly and maintenance of the components entrapped by the TF coils, such as the plasma vacuum vessel, limiter, poloidal field coils, etc. If the compact TF coil has at least two demountable electrical joints, removal of the outer part of the TF coil will permit servicing of the entrapped components. The vertical straight leg of a TF coil has the smallest cross-sectional area, but it experiences the largest tensile and compressive forces. The tensile load on the vertical leg can be eliminated if the demountable joints can slide. A possible sliding joint design concept is described here. The sliding joint transfers only current. No forces are transferred from the outer curved leg to the straight leg of the TF coils. The outer curved leg can be separated at the sliding joint to gain access to the components inside the TF coil bore.


A method to reduce the detrimental effect of shorting defects in OLED devices is presented. The method involves the application of a transparent thin film of appropriate electrical resistance between two electrodes in order to divert the current away from the shorting defects.


Time series of ac conductivities at 2 kHz were measured along the direction perpendicular to the c -axis of cerium nitrate crystal at temperatures from 200 to 11 K in three measuring processes of both cooling and heating cycles. Nonequilibrium nonlinear phenomena were observed above 120 K and below 190 K in the first cooling cycle. Anomalies were found in the probability distribution functions derived from the time series data. The limit cycle was observed in the phase portrait constructed from the data.


In order to provide a new model of mass data processing for aircraft manufacturing industry, it proposes a model of mass data processing for aircraft manufacturing industry based on Hadoop software platform, introduces the HDFS and the Map-Reduce programming model, analyzes the demand of mass data processing for aircraft manufacturing industry, introduces a kind of data processing model. This system can divide the data format into several major fields, mine the data from sharding deeply and firstly according to the data format, store the extracted data in HDFS in the format of key-value and the defined storage format, sort and partition the storage data in the method of Map-Reduce. Lastly, it illustrates a parallel data mining algorithm based K-NN,and analyzes the expansibility, instantaneity and quick processing of this kind of mass data processing model.


The present invention provides an image with an optical lens assembly, comprising sequentially from an object side to an image side: a front group lens group, an aperture stop, and a rear group lens group; wherein the front group lens group from the object side to the image side, comprising: a first lens having a negative refractive power, the image-side concave surface; a second lens having a negative refractive power; a third lens of a positive refractive power; a positive refractive power and a fourth lens; wherein the rear group lens group comprises, in order from the image side to the object side: a fifth lens having a positive refractive power; and a sixth lens having a negative refractive power; wherein the engagement of the fifth lens and the sixth lens It is a doublet lens. Lens group by the above configuration, the system can provide a sufficient angle of view, the aberration correction system in order to obtain good imaging quality.


The photochemical formation of the open merocyanine forms of several naphthoxazine-spiro-indolines in different solvents have been studied using both picosecond transient absorption (PTA) and picosecond time-resolved resonance Raman (PTR3) methods. The PTA studies have established the presence of several metastable species in the photochemical formation of the coloured merocyanine form of these photochromic compounds. The primary photochemical step occurs on the sub-ps timescale and is followed by the formation of a cisoid intermediate over the next 6–30 ps. This cisoid species then isomerises to the equilibrated distribution of transoid isomers of the merocyanine form with a lifetime that is dependent upon both solvent viscosity and polarity as well as the nature of the substituents on the naphthalene part of the molecule. However, the rate of this cis → trans isomerisation is unaffected on changing the N-alkyl group on the indoline part of the molecule from a methyl to an isobutyl group. The PTR3 studies have demonstrated that, in butan-1-ol, there are at least three different transient species with characteristic vibrational spectra which evolve with different lifetimes to give the final isomeric distribution over the first few ns of the reaction. In cyclohexane it is likely that the formation of a single species is being probed, which is fully developed after the first 200 ps of the reaction. This single species has a spectrum which is the same as the equilibrated steady-state resonance Raman merocyanine spectrum. It is likely that the evolution in the PTR3 spectra obtained here, in butan-1-ol, results from an equilibration of initially formed transoid merocyanine isomers to give a more stable distribution in this polar hydrogen-bonded solvent. Such an equilibration appears to be unnecessary in a non-polar solvent such as cyclohexane and it is suggested that this is because the transoid isomer, initially formed, is already in its most stable form.


Several studies in dielectrics have reported the presence of a thin heat-affected layer underneath the ablation crater produced by femtosecond laser irradiation. In this work, we present a time-resolved microscopy technique that is capable of monitoring the formation dynamics of this layer and apply it to the study of a phosphate glass exposed to single pulses below the ablation threshold. A few nanoseconds after laser excitation, a melt front interface can be detected, which propagates into the bulk, gradually slowing down its speed. By means of image analysis combined with optical modeling, we are able to determine the temporal evolution of the layer thickness and its refractive index. Initially, a strong transient decrease in the refractive index is observed, which partially recovers afterwards. The layer resolidifies after approximately 1 μs after excitation, featuring a maximum thickness of several hundreds of nanometers.


A reason for the widespread use of condenser tube alloys is attributed to their high corrosion resistance. However, they often suffer from unreasonable current of water. The ferrous ions have been added for the protection of condenser tube alloys, but we have a difficulty to explain this effect. In this study, the potentiodynamic polarization measurements, rotating immersion tests and spectrophotometric analysis for condenser tube alloys were carried out in 3% NaCl aqueous solution containing ferrous ions. The results obtained were as follows: 1) The addition of ferrous ions is a useful method for the protection of condenser tube alloys in sea water. 2) When a cathodic current is applied to the alloys, the protection with ferrous ions becomes more effective.


Crystalline films of poly(hexamethylene-hexamethylenediurethane) were found to grow on the basal plane of graphite during polyaddition of diol and diisocyanate in a homogeneous solution containing a graphite substrate. Direct observations by scanning tunneling microscopy indicate that the film has been grown epitaxially. Also, an epitaxial film of poly(hexamethylene sebacate), an aliphatic polyester having the same number of bonds per monomeric unit as the polyurethane, was grown on the graphite surface during polycondensation of diol and dichloride. These results demonstrate that step polymerization induces epitaxy of polymers during polymerization. Then, the same polycondensation procedures were applied to study the films of an aromatic polyester, poly(hexamethylene terephthalate), and a polyester containing a triple bond, poly(butynyl sebacate) on graphite. The aromatic ring and the triple bond can be considered as the structural «kinks» on the aliphatic backbones that cause a misfit with a polyethylene-like repeat of the graphite hexagonal lattice. Formation of epitaxial films of these polyesters indicates the importance of having molecular structures capable of forming a close packed state in two dimensions for this epitaxial growth. Lastly, ring-opening polymerizations of cyclic dimethylsiloxanes were performed with the presence of a graphite substrate either in a good solvent at room temperature or in melt at 160 o C. Formation of crystalline films even at the temperatures much higher than the melting point of bulk polymer (-42 o C) and entropically driven polymerization of siloxanes suggest the two-dimensional nature of the crystallization process. On the basis of the present results and the previous studies, a mechanism of the late stage of epitaxial growth induced by polymerization is proposed


This document outlines operational considerations to support the continuity of national surveillance systems and public health laboratories for epidemiological and virological surveillance for influenza, SARS-CoV-2, and potentially other respiratory viruses (such as RSV or new viruses of public health concern) in the 2022/2023 winter season and beyond. It builds on previously published documents on COVID-19 and influenza surveillance. The intended audience for this document is those with national responsibility for influenza and COVID-19 surveillance in Europe.


User experience has become a key concept in investigating human-technology interaction. Therefore it has become essential to consider how user experience can be explicated using psychological concepts. Emotion has been widely considered to be an important dimension of user experience, and one obvious link between modern psychology and the analysis of user experience assumes the analysis of emotion in interaction processes. In this paper, the focus is on the relationship between action types and elicited emotional patterns. In three experiments including N = 40 participants each, it is demonstrated that the types of emotions experienced when people evaluate and use technical artefacts differ based on the stances they take toward these artefacts. One cannot approach user experience irrespective of the careful analysis of the situation-specific emotional themes. It is essential to any theory of user experience to consider the nature of the situation and relevant actions.


Abstract In this paper, we first formulate a number of working hypotheses about the likely contributions of exchange rate policy to economic development on the background of the famous "trilemma" which exchange rate policy has to face. Then, we broadly review experiences made by developing countries with different exchange rate regimes in the past 30 years. We find that in addition to the classical trilemma put forward by Bob Mundell (1968) vis-à-vis the exchange rate system, emerging economies have to solve at least one more trilemma located in their domestic financial markets. We show that the alternatives "flexible" or "fixed" exchange rates can only be chosen based on sound economic reasoning with regard to the stance and control of domestic financial markets. From this perspective, one can expect contributions to economic development and even give some advice to China and its current exchange rate policy.


Abstract: The article deals with the complex process of creating a country image, both at home and abroad. It consists of two parts, being interrelated with each other, however not in a direct way. In part one the focus is laid on the image of India created by Indians themselves, which is partly a result of the grand economic transformation initiated in the beginning of the 1990s, and partly a heritage of much older cultural and political tradition. In part two the case of India's changing image in Poland is analyzed, viz. the case of a country, which unlike other European states, never ventured to establish its own political presence overseas, but nevertheless it was able to build a complex structure of various images of the civilization it hardly had any direct political contact with.Keywords: India, Poland, history, country images.The main objective of my article is to demonstrate the complex process of creating a country image. It consists of two parts, being interrelated with each other, however not in a direct way. In part one I focus on the image of India which is partly a result of the grand economic transformation initiated in the beginning of the 1990s, and partly a heritage of much older cultural and political tradition. The selection of texts, I have made to analyze this complex process of image-creation, may appear to be a subjective one, but I tend to believe that the selected texts faithfully reflect a wide and popular spectrum of opinions and convictions. I dare to think the phenomenon of "clashing images" is a never-ending story, as nowadays a country image is always in statu nascendi. In part two I deal with the history of India's image in Poland. In other words I attempt to present the case of a country which, unlike other European states, never ventured to establish its own political presence overseas, so it was not able to use the powerful state-machinery to acquire the knowledge very much needed to control a subjugated territory but nevertheless it could build a complex structure of various images of the civilization it hardly had any direct political contact with. The accuracy and intensity of this image-building process often depended on genuine interest in the culture of "a distant land", on the creativity and sensitivity of the local elite and political circumstances which could positively or negatively affect its receptivity. By the end of the 18th century Poland was probably the most religiously, linguistically and culturally diverse country on the European soil, located - and Poles often emphasized the fact - between "the West and the East" (with its own diversity the pre-partition Poland resembled, toutes proportions gardees, the most culturally diverse Indian subcontinent). No wonder Poles drew inspirations for their own cultural identity both from the countries in the West (mostly France and German-speaking princedoms/kingdoms) and the East, which had a bit more obscure location in their minds but generally comprised the Russian and Ottoman empires plus Persia, although the latter one had probably more mythical dimension for Poles as they hardly ever had a chance to visit it. India gradually started to occupy a very important place, first in their poetic imagination, then in their scholarship and art. The process of building various images of India in Poland was somehow different from the one in Western Europe, as it was, at least in its early stages, mostly founded on imaginary concepts, poetic association with Polish folklore or extremely brave religious comparisons, and much later, on common striving for freedom, both spiritual and political. I assume that the phenomena of image-building of India in the Western countries, especially in the ones that played the global game in the 19th and 20th centuries, have been described and analyzed quite satisfactorily whereas the same process in Central European states, i.e. in the ones that had very limited direct contacts with South-East Asia yet gradually developed their interests in this region, has not been dealt with sufficiently. …


Digital networked and graphical technology is having a significant impact not only on the processes for creating, disseminating, and sharing information, but the practices for organizing information. These changes need to be studied and understood in order to keep apace of new developments and to consider how they may improve information organization. This paper considers theories of evolution and cultural diffusion for explaining and contextualizing the change in organizing information practices. The paper discusses these theories and their value for studying change. A case study focuses on the Dryad repository for data underlying published research in the field of evolutionary biology. This inquiry indicates that the theories of evolution and cultural diffusion are applicable to Dryad and reflective of change.


I chose to approach this theme - F. Suarez's metaphysics - because it gives me the opportunity of a great opening, both to scholasticism and to modernity. From this point of view,Suarez may be considered a lanus Bifrons. My project aims at achieving a triadic structured thesis. It is about a: 1) historical ; 2)critical and 3) reflexive perspective. The historical perspective consists in a diachronic analysis,in trying to grasp the novelty of the Suarezian moment in scholastic metaphysics. The critical perspective allows me to analyze properly the metaphysical system elaborated by Suarez, at the same time trying to interpret the unpublished elements proposed by the Jesuit in Disputationes Metaphysicae. The reflexive perspective consists in problematizing the Suarezian project in the light ofthe Byzantine theology. The leading wire is represented by the analogy.Through this thesis, I wanted to have the opportunity to say what is won and what is lostonce with "the F. Suarez moment".


In this article,with domestic and foreign advanced energy-saving technology of sintering,it is analyzed that the energy consumption structure of working procedure and reasons for higher energy consumption in Sintering Plant of Baotou Steel.It also introduces the main new technics taken to reduce the energy consumption and the marked effects.


Limestones in the basal 10m of Upper Greensand at Wolborough. Newton Abbot, are, in ascending sequence, sandy glauconitic Orbitolina biosparite; sandy biosparite; and biosparrudites, some with intraclasts. Grains mainly have a calcite cement, but some neomorphic recrystallization of bioclasts and (in intraclasts) of peloids and micrite has occurred. The centres of some bioclasts and intraclasts are silicified. Staining of thin sections demonstrates the following chronological sequence of cements: (i) non-ferroan dogtooth spar, (ii) granular ferroan calcite, (iii) granular non-ferroan calcite. Intraclasts show the first two, or all, or the cements, but outside intraclasts only granular ferroan calcite cement is present. The early cement was possibly generated by the excess calcite resulting from the dissolution of aragonite particles in the subaerial freshwater diagenetic environment, although a marine origin cannot be excluded. The granular ferroan calcite cement probably formed in the freshwater phreatic zone, the source of the cement being uncertain.


In this collection of essays leading Canadian policy analysts focus on a range of issues and implications arising from the 1997 federal budget. Essays include a comparative assessment of the Paul Martin and Michael Wilson budgets, an assessment of the emerging fiscal dividend and an evaluation of alternative ways in which it can be spent, a comprehensive overview of the proposed child benefits package, an in-depth examination of new proposals for both the Canada Pension Plan/Quebec Pension Plan and employment insurance, and an empirical review of the fiscal stance as it relates to employment and the output gap. Essays also examine provincial budget issues, including a retrospective on the series of budgets tabled by retiring Alberta treasurer Jim Dinning and an overview of the deficit and deficit performance of the provinces over the last decade.


We study the electronic structure of a new type of Fibonacci superlattice based on Si δ-doped GaAs. Assuming that δ-doped layers are equally spaced, quasiperiodicity is introduced by selecting two different donor concentrations and arranging them according to the Fibonacci series along the growth direction. The one-electron potential due to δ-doping is obtained by means of the Thomas-Fermi approach. The resulting energy spectrum is then found by solving the corresponding effective-mass wave equation. We find that a self-similar spectrum can be seen in the band structure. Electronic transport properties of samples are also discussed and related to the degree of spatial localization of electronic envelope-functions.


In Qianlong and Jiaqing times,textual criticism held the very important status in the Chinese academic history which played the historical role the practical significance in inheriting the past and giving enlightenment to the following generations.Since the last years of the Qing Dynasty,senior scholars,Liang Qichao,Zhang Taiyan and others,all made the thorough researches.Because of the difficult abstruse of the academic researches on the Qing Dynasty,and the impetuosity of the academic circle in the Qing Dynasty,the researches on the Qing Dynasty were quite few.Researches on Schools of Thoughts by Chen Zu-wu were published,which is a real masterpiece.In the academic writing,Chen successfully lessens the controversies among different schools of thoughts,rectifies some biased opinions,by combining the method of "knowing people and commenting matters" with distinct cases.Chen Zu-wu wrote the book at a strategic commanding height.


This article examines the lead-up to the recent Palestinian legislative elections, looking especially at the Fatah9s long-brewing internal crisis, born of Fatah9s inability to reconcile its role as a national liberation movement with that as ruling party of the Palestinian Authority. The author assesses the impact of the new reality presented by Hamas9s victory on Hamas, Fatah, and the international community, specifically addressing the post-election strategy put forward by certain Fatah elements, and backed by the United States, to undermine Hamas9s victory by shifting power away from the Hamas-dominated legislative branch to the executive under the presidency of Mahmud Abbas.


Firstly,the classification,definition and characteristic of emergency response map are discussed.The problems of emergency response map symbolization are analyzed and the concept of emergency response map multi-pattern symbol is put forward.Then,this paper discusses the design principles of emergency response map multi-pattern symbol,and designs lots of emergency response map symbols which are of multi-equipment,multi-state,and multi-style.


Whether it includes traditional liposuction or not, experts say combination treatments deliver better results for fat reduction, body sculpting and skin tightening.


It is known that keeping the power balance between generation and demand is crucial in containing the system frequency within acceptable limits. This is especially important for renewable based distributed hybrid microgrid (DHμG) systems where deviations are more likely to occur. In order to address these issues, this article develops a prominent dual-level "proportional-integral-one plus double derivative {PI−(1 + DD)} controller" as a new controller for frequency control (FC) of DHμG system. The proposed control approach has been tested in DHμG system that consists of wind, tide and biodiesel generators as well as hybrid plug-in electric vehicle and an electric heater. The performance of the modified controller is tested by comparing it with standard proportional-integral (PI) and classical PID (CPID) controllers considering two test scenarios. Further, a recently developed mine blast technique (MBA) is utilized to optimize the parameters of the newly designed {PI − (1 + DD)} controller. The controller's performance results are compared with cases where particle swarm optimization (PSO) and firefly (FF) techniques are used as benchmarks. The superiority of the MBA-{PI − (1 + DD)} controller in comparison to other two strategies is illustrated by comparing performance parameters such as maximum frequency overshoot, maximum frequency undershoot and stabilization time. The displayed comparative objective function (J) and JFOD index also shows the supremacy of the proposed controller. With this MBA optimized {PI − (1 + DD)} controller, frequency deviations can be kept within acceptable limits even with high renewable energy penetration.


Working capital management is important for every organization as it refers to the effective management of current assets and current liabilities. The aim is to make sure that the firm is capable to continue its operations and it has sufficient cash flow to satisfy both maturing short-term debt and upcoming operational expenses. In this paper, an attempt has been made to study the management of working capital in Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Limited, a leading public sector enterprise in India over a period of 10 years (That is from 2009-10 to 2018-19). The paper also attempts to study the components of working capital and analyze the relationship between liquidity and profitability of HPCL. The study is based on secondary data collected from annual report of HPCL for the past 10 years, Pearson correlation and regression model are used for this purpose. From the study it is found that there is a significant relationship between liquidity and profitability.


Introduction In view of the growing number of older people in our society and the related consequences for health and well-being, research focussing on healthy ageing is essential. Already, the associations between supportive social relationships and healthy ageing have been established. However, there is as yet no consensus about whether or not it is the structure of the social network, its function- ing or a combination that is most important for health, and in addition, about which aspects of structure and function are important. Aim The main objective of this thesis was to investigate aspects of the structure and functioning of social relationships and their influence on mental, physical and social health in older people. This was relevant to obtain scientific evidence for practice-based research to support local policy making on healthy ageing. Methods Different characteristics and functions of social relationships, such as frequency of contact, different sources of social network ties, satisfaction with relationships, positive and negative perceptions of social support and social engagement have been analysed in cross-sectional and prospective studies. Cross-sectional data are from six community health services in the eastern part of the Netherlands. The overall sample size constituted of 24,936 people aged 65 and over (response 79%). Prospective data are from the Doetinchem Cohort Study. The first examination round (1987-1991) comprised 12,448 men and women aged 20 to 59 years. The overall response rate was 62% for the baseline measurement and 79%, 75% and 78% for rounds 2, 3 and 4 respectively. Results Cross-sectional analyses showed that satisfaction with the social contacts was strongly related to physical (OR 2.36; 95% CI 2.11-2.64), mental (OR 4.65; 95% CI 4.20-5.15) and self-perceived health (OR 2.52; 95% CI 2.29-2.78). Longitudinal analyses underlined this finding by showing that unfavourable levels of social support were predictive for health-compromising behaviours and poor health over a 10-year period of follow-up, and for increased mortality risk over a 15- year period of follow-up (HR 1.57; 95% CI 1.03-2.39). Furthermore, neighbours were found to be an important source of the social network ties of older people in relation to physical (OR 1.87; 95% CI 1.68-2.07), mental (OR 1.53; 95% CI 1.39-1.69) and self-perceived health (OR 1.42; 95% CI 1.30-1.54). Further exploration of the relationship between social support and loneliness using structural equation modelling identified that social support in everyday situations may serve as a good start- ing point for health promotion activities to prevent loneliness. To better target health promotion activities for healthy ageing, analyses were performed to group older people into subgroups with similar social engagement activity patterns. Five clusters were identified: 1) less socially engaged elderly; 2) less socially engaged caregivers; 3) socially engaged caregivers; 4) leisure-engaged elderly; and 5) productive-engaged elderly. Older people who were not engaged in any social activity other than the care for a sick person, were identified as a possible target group, given the relatively high share of unhealthy people among them. In this non-socially engaged target group, the prevalence of loneliness was 48%, compared to 30% in the socially engaged groups; poor self-perceived health: 41% compared to 14%; poor mental health: 25% compared to 9%; poor physical health: 27% compared to 2%. Conclusion Well-functioning social relationships were favourably associated with health. By integrating all results, the local data have strengthened the scientific evidence-base for local policy making and have contributed to the development of an evidence-based community intervention supporting social participation among older people.


Abstract Since 'multicompetence' was proposed by Cook, there have been debates about the nature of distinction between monocompetence and multicompetence, the distinctiveness of languages in the mind and the homogeneity of language knowledge across speakers and contexts. The paper will address these issues from a linguistic perspective and make an attempt to define multicompetence. The paper claims that trends in linguistics have affected bi and multilingualism research either directly or indirectly. Consequently, in order for us to understand approaches to multicompetence we should review the latest changes in linguistics research. All debates about multicompetence boil down to three major issues: (1) The interplay of the linguistic level and conceptual level in multilingual development and language use, (2) nature of difference (qualitative or quantitative or both) between monocompetence and multicompetence and (3) methods of analysing differences between monocompetence and multicompetence. Addressing these issues I will argue that there is not only quantitative but also qualitative difference between monolinguals and multilinguals, which is reflected mainly in the nature and organisation of knowledge in the multilingual mind. I will also argue that it would be a mistake to overemphasise the role of usage in multilingual development. Language is both structure and usage. Both are equally important: structure develops as a result of usage and structure serves as one of the underlying factors of usage. 'Community practices' exist within and across languages so they cannot substitute what we understand by 'language'. In the first part of the paper I discuss the relationship between current trends in linguistics research and approaches to multicompetence. In the second part I have taken a stand on the major issues of the debate about multicompetence.


A measurement of the dipole anisotropy in galactic coordinates for different charged cosmic rays has been performed with the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer (AMS) onboard the International Space Station (ISS). Results are presented for the first 7.5 years of data taking for protons, Helium, Carbon and Oxygen, and 6.5 years for positrons and electrons. All the species are found to be consistent with isotropy and upper limits to the dipole amplitude have been computed. In particular, for energies above 16 GeV a limit of delta < 1.9% and delta < 0.5% at the 95% C.I. is found for positrons and electrons respectively. For rigidities above 200 GV a limit of delta < 0.38%, delta < 0.36%, delta < 1.9% and delta < 1.7% is obtained for protons, Helium, Carbon and Oxygen.


A content synchronization method, including the steps of: setting synchronization policy; real-time monitoring of files and directories specific server; check for modified content; if not modified, performing the monitoring step, but if there are changes, real-time notification CD master server modified; confirm whether there is a fault CD master server, the CMS server, CAS server; if there are changes, select a content routing path; if not modified, the contents of a selected routing path; a synchronization command issued to the contents of the modified sent to the target server; server sends the content to the target; notification transmission result; confirm whether there is a next contents routing path; if there is a next contents routing path again executing step for confirming whether there is a fault, but if there is no path, the completion of the content synchronization.


A novel theory based on dual-feedback circuit methodology is proposed to explain the kink phenomenon of transistor scattering parameter S/sub 22/. Our results show that the output impedance of all transistors intrinsically shows a series RC circuit at low frequencies and a parallel RC circuit at high frequencies. It is this inherent ambivalent characteristic of the output impedance that causes the appearance of kink phenomenon of S/sub 22/ in a Smith chart. It was found that an increase of transistor transconductance enhances the kink effect while an increase of drain-to-source (or collector-to-emitter) capacitance obscures it. This explains why it is much easier to see the kink phenomenon in bipolar transistors, especially heterojunction bipolar transistors, rather than in field-effect transistors (FETs). It also explains why the kink phenomenon is seen in larger size FETs and not in smaller size FETs. Our model not only can predict the behavior of S/sub 22/, but also calculate all S-parameters accurately. Experimental data of submicrometer gate Si MOSFETs and GaAs FETs are used to verify our theory. A simple method for extracting transistor equivalent-circuit parameters from measured S-parameters is also proposed based on our theory. Compared with traditional Z- or Y-parameter methods, our theory shows another advantage of giving deep insight into the physical meaning of S-parameters.


Relay selection is an effective way to achieve considerable performance gains in cognitive relay networks (CRN). In practice, the best relay may not always be selected, thus the study of the small Nth best relay selection will be very beneficial for CRN design. In this paper, performance analysis for underlay cognitive decode-and-forward relay networks with the small Nth best-relay selection scheme is studied over independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.) Rayleigh fading channels. Closed-form expression for the exact outage probability is derived, which can be used to evaluate the impact of the relay selection scheme, the number of relays, the interference power constraint and the transmit power limit on the outage performance. The theoretical analysis is validated by Monte-Carlo simulations. The results show that both the relay selection scheme and the number of relays have great impact on the outage performance of cognitive relay networks.


Objective To study the 12-year-old children's oral health status and the changing tendency of oral diseases in Henan Province,and to provide evidence for children's oral health care.Methods By use of multi-stage stratified random sampling method,784 12-year-old children both from urban and rural areas in Henan Province were surveyed oral diseases and oral health behaviors.Results It was found that caries prevalence of permanent teeth was 19.13%,the average dental caries of permanent teeth was 0.29,and the percent of filled dental caries was 4.0%.As to the oral diseases,the prevalence of gingival hemorrhage reached 29.61% and the detection of dental calculi was 48.85%.Conclusion The prevalence of both dental caries and filled teeth in 12-year-old children is somewhat low in Henan province.For it,early detection and treatment as important controlling measures for dental caries should be strengthened,especially in rural areas.


For efficient wide area surveillance, smart cameras should provide large observed data and many intelligent analysis functions. In order to extend the surveillance area and overcome occlusion, integration of data from multiple cameras and post analysis of it are required. The surveillance data includes low level multimedia data, recognized feature data, event alarms and others. Integration of those data needs interaction between cameras. This paper presents the design of smart camera network and the distributed data management scheme such as data structuring, interchanging and deployment. An overwhelming amount of surveillance data is generated by smart cameras. The data contained in them if properly structured, integrated and analyzed, can induce useful context information. This work builds a hierarchical data deployment structure and exchange related data arriving to and from multiple smart cameras. Proactive data deploying provides the main concepts and properties to model a hierarchical data structure. Our simulation and implementation of the strategy shows efficiency and usefulness.


An analytical model of the bidirectional reflectance for optically semi-infinite plant canopies has been extended to describe the reflectance of finite depth canopies with contributions from the underlying soil. The model depends on 10 independent parameters describing vegetation and soil optical and structural properties. The model is inverted with a nonlinear minimization routine using directional reflectance data for lawn (leaf area index (LAI) is equal to 9.9), soybeans (LAI, 2.9) and simulated reflectance data (LAI, 1.0) from a numerical bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) model (Myneni et al., 1988). While the ten-parameter model results in relatively low rms differences for the BRDF, most of the retrieved parameters exhibit poor stability. The most stable parameter was the single-scattering albedo of the vegetation. Canopy albedo could be derived with an accuracy of less than 5% relative error in the visible and less than 1% in the near-infrared. Sensitivity tests were performed to determine which of the 10 parameters were most important and to assess the effects of Gaussian noise on the parameter retrievals. Out of the 10 parameters, three were identified which described most of the BRDF variability. At low LAI values the most influential parameters were the single-scattering albedos (both soil and vegetation) and LAI, while at higher LAI values (> 2.5) these shifted to the two scattering phase function parameters for vegetation and the single-scattering albedo of the vegetation. The three-parameter model, formed by fixing the seven least significant parameters, gave higher rms values but was less sensitive to noise in the BRDF than the full ten-parameter model. A full hemispherical reflectance data set for lawn was then interpolated to yield BRDF values corresponding to advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR) scan geometries collected over a period of nine days. The resulting retrieved parameters and BRDFs are similar to those for the full sampling geometry, suggesting that the limited geometry of AVHRR measurements might be used to reliably retrieve BRDF and canopy albedo with this model.


This article focuses on two questions regarding cancer mortality in the Federal Republic of Germany: whether the risk of cancer mortality has increased in recent decades and whether the risk increases monotonically with age, even for the highest age groups. It is noted that factors such as changes in age structure, diagnostic errors, and declines in the incidence of other causes of death create problems in interpreting cancer mortality data. When these factors are controlled, it is found that the risk of cancer mortality has increased in recent years and that it does increase with age.


This paper presents a method of intelligent perception assist (IPA) with optimum force vector modification for an upper-limb exoskeleton robot to assist the perception of the user to interact with environment in addition to power-assist. The exoskeleton assists not only the motion but also the perception of the user. In the case of perception assist, the exoskeleton assists user to interact with the environment by monitoring the userpsilas interaction with the environment. The exoskeleton is equipped with a sonar sensor and a stereo camera to gain information on the userpsilas interaction with the environment. When the user interacts with the environment, if the exoskeleton found any problem in the userpsilas motion, the optimum force vector modification (i.e., the modification of power-assist force vector with the optimum amount of force) is carried out by the exoskeleton to modify the userpsilas motion to solve the problem without giving any uncomfortable feeling to the user due to motion modification. IPA ensures that the userpsilas interaction with the environment can be monitored by the camera all the time by rotating the camera to track the location of the userpsilas hand. The effectiveness of the proposed concept was experimentally evaluated.


We are accustomed to distinguishing activities that occur on or through the Internet as distinct from activities that occur in the physical world: online versus offline, virtual reality versus reality, and so on. As Internet-based services have evolved, this distinction has continued to blur. We now have a converged reality: the online does not merely augment the offline, rather, the two are increasingly indistinguishable. Mobility, cloud computing, service-driven technology, cognitive computing, and Big Data analytics are some of the distinct but related innovations driving this shift. Because the shift is happening in pieces across multiple areas and sectors, our converged reality is emergent and grassroots, not a carefully planned joint effort. There are therefore areas that have been and will be slow to acknowledge and adapt to this shift, data management is one of these areas. This paper describes how this converged reality grew from previous research into bridging online and offline worlds, and how it will lead to a cognitive reality. It identifies enablers and dampeners, and describes a data management research agenda specifically for converged reality. The proposed research agenda is intended to spark discussion and engage further work in this area.


There is potential for an Intelligent Virtual Agent to provide good emotional support for carers; however, its text-based messages lack context and may be misconstrued. One possible solution is to use gift emoticons to convey support. I investigate how supportive an emotional support statement is when paired with a digital gift of flowers, varying the modality (text/graphics) and explicitness of the gift (implicit/explicit). Adding a graphical emoticon improved support, measured on four scales of appropriateness, helpfulness, effectiveness and sensitivity. Images of flowers were rated higher than text; additionally, appropriate and sensitive ratings were consistently higher than effective and helpful ratings. There was no difference between explicit and implicit gifts. Participants reported that adding flowers to the support message was sympathetic and represented an effort to cheer the carer up.


It may come as a surprise, in view of the generic force of the term Gothic , that there is no established genre called Gothic cinema or Gothic film . There are Gothic images and Gothic plots and Gothic characters and even Gothic styles within film, all useful to describe bits and pieces of films that usually fall into the broader category of horror , but there is no delimited or demonstrable genre specific to film called the Gothic. This is at least in part due to the fact that film, as a medium born with the twentieth century, is both a late-comer to and an avid, unashamed plagiarizer of earlier, literary forms of the Gothic. As such, the Gothic does not "belong" to film, and the film medium must content itself with providing a home for that catch-all category of terror and spookiness, the horror genre. Nonetheless, if it is surprising that there is no such thing as Gothic cinema, that is because we perfectly well know the Gothic when we see it. There is, in fact, something peculiarly visual about the Gothic. As William Patrick Day has pointed out, the Gothic tantalizes us with fear, both as its subject and its effect; it does so, however, not primarily through characters or plots or even language, but through spectacle (Day, Circles of Fear and Desire , p. 63). The fearful effect of the Gothic, at least in its literary forms, depends on our ability to cast certain conventionalized images from the text onto the "screen" of our mind's eye. The Gothic is thus particularly suited to the cinema, trading as the latter does in images that affect the individual psyche, albeit in culturally legible terms. Indeed, this is both the strength and weakness of the Gothic on screen: its ability to capture the spectacular element of the Gothic effect and encode it in culturally recognizable – ultimately perhaps in all too recognizable – forms.


We study the time averages of continuous functions along the trajectories of the distal projective flow induced by an ergodic family of Schrödinger equations. General conditions guaranteeing that the set of nonconvergence points is a residual subset are found. Applications to the study of the ergodic structure of the projective flow are given.


In this work an implicit finite element model of a Printed Circuit Board (PCB), connectors, and stiffener is developed. The effect of several parameters on the strain distribution on the board was analyzed. The PCB was bolted to an aluminum stiffener. The simulation went through several steps to consider the effect of the solder reflow process as well as bolt pretention forces and plug-in forces of the connectors. Based on the simulation, board warpage and bolt pretention forces had significant effect on board strain.


A brief review of the state of the film and entertainment industry in the 1950s and early 1960s reveals how pivotal A Hard Day's Night (1964) was to this era. At this time, after losing ownership of theaters following the Paramount Decree, Hollywood was also adjusting to the ascendance of television, the emergence of the youth market, the increasing popularity of rock music, and the development of the LP record. All of these constituted new markets that the film industry slowly moved to incorporate. A Hard Day's Night is the most successful work of this era to capitalize doubly on music and a movie. The film, which cost only 0.5 million dollars, went on to earn over $13.5 million. It also effectively set a new standard for cross-promotion: a possibility so unanticipated at the time that "EMI and Capitol, The Beatles' record distributors, neglected to include soundtrack rights in the original contract negotiated with [the band's manager, Brian] Epstein." This situation left United Artists with both the rights to the film and the soundtrack album, modeling a formula that has been imitated since. Before A Hard Day's Night, soundtracks never matched the profits of the feature film and typically "consisted of an expanded theme song and instrumental fillers." With a full-length LP that contained numerous successful singles, A Hard Day's Night initiated a change that became a common practice. The Graduate (1967), Easy Rider (1969), and Superfly (1972) are three examples of successful soundtrack tie-ins that followed A Hard Day's Night's model. While the place ofAHard Day's Night in soundtrack history is well established and researched, its relationship to genre history has not been as widely noted or studied. In this article, I focus on A Hard Day's Night's engagement with the musical biopic genre. Unlike the inclusion of rock music in both the film and separately sold soundtrack, which left a lasting influence, A Hard Day's Night's work with genre is more exceptional. It did not introduce a model of the musical biopic that was widely


NiTi alloys are one type of shape memory alloys which are called as functional materials. It is a binary alloy of nickel and titanium which has striking properties namely corrosion resistance, electrical resistance, good fatigue life, shape memory and super-elasticity. Because of these properties NiTi alloy finds application in almost all industries such as manufacturing of medical devices, recreations, safety gears, clothing, industrial and military. This study discusses the modeling and simulation of single discharge during machining of NiTi workpiece using ANSYS finite element software. A three-dimensional axis-symmetric model has been developed to simulate the temperature field during machining of NiTi alloy using Electrical Discharge Machine and to estimate the material removal rate of NiTi alloy. Experiments were carried out to validate the numerical results. The coefficient of correlation for MRR obtained from numerical method is 98.6148 % with the experimental MRR. The average percentage error obtained between numerical and experimental is 7.1 %. Thus, the numerical model can efficiently predict material removal rate of NiTi alloys.


The paper describes the implementation of a Bayesian model to assess novel gravimeters and gradiometers, which employ recent advances in cold matter wave interferometry to accurately measure micro-gravity. This has application to the resolution of underground structures, as an array of measurements at the surface can be used to infer what lies beneath. Potential applications of this technology include: improved identification of oil reservoirs; the detection of sink-holes to support civil engineering; detection of underground buildings; and geophysical mapping as a means to navigate in GPS denied environments. For the challenge of detecting underground voids at depths 10m beneath the Earth, the utility of the posterior distribution for computing probability of excavation maps is described and the impact of different sampling configurations and densities is investigated.


The theory of intense Raman scattering, generated by dipole active vibrational modes of molecules adsorbed on small metal particles, is reformulated here to make use of our recently developed approach to calculating the polarizability of small metal spheres and to include terms missed in our earlier development. The approach is based on the local‐dielectric‐response approximation and requires a knowledge of the conduction electron density profile at the metal/ambient interface. The modulation of the polarizability of a metal particle, due to the quadrupolar field generated by a phonon mode of the adlayer, is calculated using an integration procedure that incorporates both electron density and induced charge density profiles determined by Lang and Kohn for jellium. Scattering intensities for both Raman and dipole active modes of CO and CO2 on small silver particles are calculated and compared. The results show that the ratio of the scattering intensity for a Raman active molecular mode to that for a dipole active mode increases rapidly with the particle radius, being comparable for the two stretching modes of CO2 on Ag particles of radius 25–50 A.


Focusing on the present mediocre situation of economic benefit of Yunnan construction indusry,the paper makes an analysis on the structure industry of it.It indicates that,the organization structure is appearing as an"In- verted Pyramid"form;the diverse pattern of ownership structure is being formed;the level of scale structure is un- balanced;the industry structure matches unreasonably.It also makes an exploring research on the structure reform- ing of the future construction industy of Yunnan,aiming to make structure converse to benefit,promote the industry benefit.


ABSTRACT An experimental characterization of the hydrodynamics of a mixing interface at an open channel confluence is presented. In the laboratory experiments, both a confluence and a cylinder set-up were studied in order to validate the bluff body analogy, which has been proposed to characterize the mixing interface. The experimental characterization included flow visualization and the computation of the mean flow field, time scales of the coherent structures, and turbulent kinetic energy. The comparison among the two configurations confirms the validity of the analogy as similar features were found for the mean flow field and time scales of the coherent structures. However, differences in the length of the stagnation zone, the flow velocity deficit, and the turbulence intensity were observed. These differences should be taken into account when the bluff body analogy is used to characterize the confluence hydrodynamics and to quantify the mixing at the confluence interface.


Libraries will remain recognizable as we now know them in the near future. There will be an increased demand and utilization of the library by the public, where the library will function as an information evaluation and referral agency. It will successfully compete economically with vendors offering commercial information products. It will adapt service functions and its organizational structure to meet the demand for a more highly trained professional who possesses a greater arsenal of skills and has more perceived expertise than librarians now do. Specialization in assignments will come through knowledge of subject fields; there will be a sharper division between administrative personnel and the professional group, and there will be a smaller corps of clericals. Most technical service functions will be done in bibliographic processing centers outside the library. Technical service librarians will be absorbed into the public service ranks, become systems analyst consultants, work in bibliographic record ...


It is a device (1) for dispensing and applying labels (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) to objects (6) are disclosed. The labels (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) are applied to a carrier tape (2) detachably, that in the device (1) along a conveying path (20) is guided. The device (1) includes a label dispensing unit (4) having a dispensing edge (41) over which the carrier tape (2) is so deflected that at their labels (3, 3a, 3b, 3c) of the carrier tape (2) and solve respectively to an object (6) can be applied. At least one convex-shaped deflection roller (5, 5a, 5b, 5c) is arranged in the conveying path (20) of the carrier tape (2), so that the carrier tape (2) at a constant desired height (H) is self-guided. It is also a labeling machine (10) with such a device (1) is disclosed.


The present paper is devoted to the investigation how the disk structure is depending from the one-point wind one in microquasar CYG X-1. The results show that when the region in which the wind is absent in the vicinity of one-point has the size less or equal to 0.07 the disk radius is very small, order of 0.08 in units of orbital separation. When this size is increased to 0.115 the disk radius becomes to be of standard size to be equal to 0.22 in units of orbital separation. By the other words these results show that the disk structure is strong depending from many factors including and the donor's wind configuration in the vicinity of one-point. This configuration is inherent to microquasars only. Indeed, since microqausars are the massive close binary systems; the donor in these systems is massive star from which the strong radiation- driving wind is blowing. On the other hand, in microquasars accretion disks are present and it means that one-point stream is also present in microqausars. It in turn means that the matter configuration in the vicinity of one-point is very complicated since the high mass loss rate donor's wind and one-point stream must be existing in the vicinity of one-point simultaneously. This situation maybe resolved when we suppose that the central source in an accretion disk will influence on the donor's atmosphere structure in the vicinity of  one-point and in turn will be result in the break of wind in the vicinity of one-point. This finally will be means that one-point stream will be existing in one-point without a wind and it, flowing in the accretor's Roche lobe, will be result in an accretion disk forma- tion. Here one problem is arising: what is the configuration of wind in the extended vicinity of one-point  and from what the parameters this configuration is depending and haw this configuration will be results to the disk structure change. We good understand that this situation is arising in the case of microquasars only and we try to resolve this problem in the present paper.


Eczema vaccinatum in a mother and son with Darier's disease is described. The infection was accidentally transmitted from a recently vaccinated grandchild. Vaccinia virus was isolated from the blister fluid in both cases. The mother was treated with hyperimmune anti‐vaccinial gamma‐globulin and N‐methylisatin β‐thiosemicarbazone (MarboranR). Both patients recovered.


Through analysis of the interaction between university education and social development and the significance of building harmonious society for the reform and development of Universities,this article expounds the responsibilities and roles of universities in building harmonious society from the aspects of talents training,knowledge innovation,social services,harmonious campus construction.This article pointes out that at this stage,China's universities should fulfill their mission initiatively,rationally and scientifically,develop and improve themselves through contribution to the building of a harmonious society.


Rencently O. Kaleva and S. Seikkala[2] introduced the concept of fuzzy metric spaces, and first investigated some fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces. In this paper, we obtain some near fixed point theorems in fuzzy metric spaces, which develop the results in [2]. Moreover, we imbed fuzzy metric spaces (x, d,min,max into abstract metric spaces, which provides a new method to the study of the fuzzy metric space x,d, min, max.


A case of a supernumerary der(18) marker chromosome is presented. The chromosomal origin of the marker chromosome was not evident by traditional chromosome analysis, but was determined by PRimed IN Situ labelling (PRINS) with chromosome specific centromere probes as primers for chain elongation in situ. For this purpose a strategy was developed which, in a few simple reactions, makes it possible unequivocally to determine the origin of any small marker chromosome. The approach does not require any hints about the origin of the chromosome prior to the analysis, since the chromosomal origin of the marker is established through PRINS reactions with pooled and single chromosome‐specific centromere probes. Identification, mosaic screening and structural analysis require a total of 8–9 such reactions and may, due to the extreme speed of the PRINS reaction, be obtained within a single working day.


Objectives -research of stochastic brain function in respect to creation of artificial intelligence. Material and methods. Mathematical modeling principles were used for simulation of brain functioning in a stochastic mode. Results. Two types of brain activity were considered: determinated type, usually modeled using the perceptron, and stochastic type. It is shown, that stochastic brain function modeling is the necessary condition for AI to become capable of creativity, generation of new knowledge. Mathematical modeling of a neural network of the cerebral cortex, consisting of the set of the cyclic neuronal circuits (memory units), was performed for the stochastic mode of brain functioning. Models of "two-dimensional" and "one-dimensional" brain were analyzed. The pattern of excitation in memory units was calculated in the "one-dimensional" brain model. Conclusion. Relying on the knowledge of the stochastic mode of brain function, a way of creation of AI can be offered. а-rhythm of a patient is a recommended focus of the therapist's attention in diagnostics and treatment of brain disorders. It was noted, that the alpha wave amplitude and frequency could indicate the cognitive, creative and intuitive abilities of a person.


The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pathway is associated with the promotion of endothelial cell proliferation, migration, and survival necessary for angiogenesis. VEGF and its three receptor isoforms are often overexpressed in many human solid tumors. Tivozanib is a potent, selective inhibitor of VEGF receptors 1, 2, and 3, with a long half‐life. The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effect of ketoconazole, a potent inhibitor of CYP3A4, and rifampin, a potent inducer of CYP3A4, on the pharmacokinetics of tivozanib. Two phase I, open‐label, 2‐period, single‐sequence studies evaluated the effect of steady‐state ketoconazole (NCT01363778) or rifampin (NCT01363804) on the pharmacokinetic profile, safety, and tolerability of a single oral 1.5‐mg dose of tivozanib. Tivozanib was well tolerated in both studies. Steady‐state ketoconazole did not cause a clinically significant change in the pharmacokinetics of a single dose of tivozanib; therefore, dosing of tivozanib with a CYP3A4 pathway inhibitor should not cause a clinically significant change in serum tivozanib levels. However, coadministration of tivozanib with rifampin caused a significant decrease in the area under the curve from 0 to infinity and half‐life and an increase in clearance of tivozanib, which suggest increased clearance via the enhanced CYP3A4‐mediated metabolism of tivozanib.


Although rearranging school organizational features is a popular school reform, little research exists to inform policymakers about how grade spans affect achievement. This article examines how grade spans and the school transitions that students make between fourth and eighth grade shape student performance in eighth grade. The authors estimate the impact of grade span paths on eighth-grade performance, controlling for school and student characteristics and correcting for attrition bias and quality of original school. They find that students moving from K-4 to 5–8 schools or in K-8 schools outperform students on other paths. Results suggest four possible explanations for the findings—the number and timing of school changes, the size of within-school cohorts, and the stability of peer cohorts.


Time-resolved x-ray scattering has been used to study the isothermal crystallization kinetics of the binary metal-boron glasses Co 2 B, Fe 76 B 24 , and Co 3 B, for crystallization times as short as ≃1 s. For alloys which crystallize into a single phase, a simple model of the transformed volume fraction, based on steady-state homogeneous nucleation of crystallites which then grow at a constant rate, explains the results. There is no evidence for a transient in the nucleation. A one-parameter fit to the slowest diffraction data allows volume fractions as small as 10 -4 to be measured. The observed crystallization kinetics agree well with calorimetric and resistivity measurements


To effectively extract the characteristics of weak imbalance fault of aircraft hydraulic pump, autocorrelation function (AF) is combined with wavelet transform (AFWT) instead of threshold denoising. Meanwhile, power ratio (PR) was obtained by extracted characteristic frequency and applied to the identification of weak imbalance fault. A contrastive analysis was conducted among different signals, including acceleration and displacement signal. The results indicate that displacement signal, rather than acceleration signal, can effectively identify a weak imbalance fault.


Purpose
Despite the abundance of research in open innovation, few contributions explore it at inter-organizational level, and particularly with a focus on healthcare ecosystem, characterized by a dense network of relationships among public and private organizations (hospitals, companies and universities) as well as other actors that can be labeled as "untraditional" player, i.e. doctors, nurses and patients. The purpose of this paper is to cover this gap and explore how knowledge is transferred and flows among all the healthcare ecosystems' players in order to support open innovation processes.

Design/methodology/approach
The paper is conceptual in nature and adopts a narrative literature review approach. In particular, insights gathered from open innovation literature at the inter-organizational network level, with a particular attention to healthcare ecosystems, and from the knowledge transfer processes, are analyzed in order to propose an interpretative framework for the understanding of knowledge transfer in open innovation with a focus on healthcare ecosystem.

Findings
The paper proposes an original interpretative framework for knowledge transfer to support open innovation in healthcare ecosystems, composed of four main components: healthcare ecosystem's players' categories; knowledge flows among different categories of players along the exploration and exploitation stages of innovation development; players' motivations for open innovation; and players' positions in the innovation process. In addition, assuming the intermediary network as the suitable organizational model for healthcare ecosystem, four classification scenarios are identified on the basis of the main players' influence degree and motivations for open innovation.

Practical implications
The paper offers interpretative lenses for managers and policy makers in understanding the most suitable organizational models able to encourage open innovation in healthcare ecosystems, taking into consideration the players' motivation and the knowledge transfer processes on the basis of the innovation results.

Originality/value
The paper introduces a novel framework that fills a gap in the innovation management literature, by pointing out the key role of external not R&D players, like patients, involved in knowledge transfer for open innovation processes in healthcare ecosystems.


The global deglaciation event that followed Last Glacial Maximum was punctuated by a sequence of rapid climate changes. This began with the Laurentide Ice Sheet derived calving event called Heinrich Event 1, continued with the Bølling‐Allerød warming that occurred synchronously with meltwater pulse 1a, and was in turn followed by the Younger‐Dryas abrupt return to cold conditions. Although it has long been believed that these events are consequences of the response of Atlantic meridional overturning circulation to freshwater inputs, it has always been assumed that these inputs were applied directly to the Atlantic Ocean itself. We address the question of how the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation would have responded to the recently hypothesized addition of freshwater into the Arctic Ocean at the time of onset of the Younger‐Dryas, and thereby demonstrate that this response is essentially identical to the response to North Atlantic freshening.


To mitigate climate change, there has been a recent focus on reducing computing's carbon emissions by shifting its time and location to when and where lower-carbon energy is available. However, despite the prominence of carbon-aware spatiotemporal workload shifting, prior work has only quantified its benefits in narrow settings, i.e., for specific workloads in select regions. As a result, the potential benefits of spatiotemporal workload scheduling, which are a function of both workload and energy characteristics, are unclear. To address the problem, this paper quantifies the upper bound on the benefits of carbon-aware spatiotemporal workload shifting for a wide range of workloads with different characteristics, e.g., job duration, deadlines, SLOs, memory footprint, etc., based on hourly variations in energy's carbon-intensity across 123 distinct regions, including cloud regions, over a year. Notably, while we find that some workloads can benefit from carbon-aware spatiotemporal workload shifting in some regions, the approach yields limited benefits for many workloads and cloud regions. In addition, we also show that simple scheduling policies often yield most of the benefits. Thus, contrary to conventional wisdom, i) carbon-aware spatiotemporal workload shifting is likely not a panacea for significantly reducing cloud platforms' carbon emissions, and ii) pursuing further research on sophisticated policies is likely to yield little marginal benefits.


The cow productivity is closely associated with basic metabolic level of animals. The intensity of the metabolic processes varies significantly at the particular stages of cow lactation. The study of the metabolic mechanisms could significantly assist in the regulation of these processes by feeding. The following biochemical parameters of cow blood were studied: total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, amilase, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and some enzymes, as well as milk proteins and fats. Using these biochemical parameters of blood and milk, the changes in metabolic processes (protein, lipid, carbohydrate and mineral) of black-motley breed cows at the age of 3 and 5 years at different stages of lactation were studied.


Nowadays, the constitution is the fundamental legislative act determining social relations, which lays down, inter alia, the principles of the state's system, the scope and scale of the state interference in social relations and the rights and obligations of its citizens. The latter also include rights and obligations regarding taxation: the principles of imposing tax obligations and taxation limits, on the one hand, and measures for protecting taxpayers' rights, on the other. A tax matter is generally considered to be a matter that is explicitly or implicitly governed by constitutional rules. The subject of the in-depth analysis are the diverse tax issues provided for in the constitutional provisions of the European Union Member States. The way in which taxation matters are 'described' in those states' constitutions is an interesting and hitherto insufficiently analysed topic.


: The Areca nut, often known as betel nut, is a tropical crop. India is the world's second-largest producer and consumer of areca nut. A multitude of illnesses afflict it throughout its life cycle, from root to fruit. The current method of disease detection is simple observation with the naked eye, and farmers must thoroughly study each crop on a regular basis to detect diseases. We proposed a method that uses Convolution Neural Network (CNN) and Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to detect whether the given areca nut is of bad quality or good quality. We created our own dataset comprising of 208 photos of good and bad quality areca nuts to train and test the model. By using CNN we have obtained the accuracy of 97.12% and by using SVM we obtained the accuracy of 93.68%.


The peaceful uprising of February 2019 has shaken the Algerian political system and resulted in the forced resignation of President Abdelaziz Bouteflika. While the rejection of the presidential election scheduled in April of the same year was a key motive behind this popular mobilization, its root causes are also economic. Over the past decade, pervasive socioeconomic unrest has been increasingly articulated with political claims. The strategies implemented by past social movements are also a source of inspiration for the current mobilization. Popular calls for institutional changes are thus coupled with demands for social justice.


Topographic seismic amplification can have a relevant effect in hilly and mountain areas and it assumes a relevant role in urban planning and seismic slope instability. On the other hand, recent studies on this topic strongly suggest the necessity to assess or predict topographic effect as a frequency depending variable and in an adequate way, in contrast with the simplistic models that use an inadequate uniform spectral scaling factor. Following this suggestion and taking into account the results of the aforesaid studies, a computerized model was developed based on common topographic attributes such as DTM, slope angle and curvature, taking into consideration the uniform rigidity of the relief. The model is defined as grey box model due to the fact that it is constructed on the awaited physical behaviour along the relief and initially trained on topographic amplified data of uniform regular relief, data product by 2D numerical analysis The validation of model was performed on two well-known areas. The results show a high prediction capacity of the model and how it can be driven for the optimization of performance in different real areas.


Atmospheric environmental quality of resource type cities during the transitional period was studied by taking Fuxin City as an example.Based on the atmospheric environmental monitor data from 2006 to 2010for Fuxin City,with the help of grey cluster method,the atmospheric environmental pollution of Fuxin City during the Eleventh Five-Year Plan Period was evaluated quantitatively;reasons for the atmospheric quality changes were analyzed comprehensively;the existing problems were also raised accordingly.Results show that atmospheric environmental quality of Fuxin City had been markedly improved from2006 to 2010,and was mainly between LevelⅡ and LevelⅢ;During the year 2006 and 2007,atmospheric environmental quality was worse with the primary pollutants of dust fall and SO2;In the year 2008,it exhibited obvious decline of dust fall andPM10,SO2 and NO2 were also in gradually decreasing tendency.Our results indicate that the economic transformation of Fuxin City had beneficial effect on the atmospheric environmental quality,and the reconstruction of coal mine shanty towns and comprehensive regulation of mining areas were also good reasons for the better atmospheric environmental quality.


Experiments at the future colliders LHC and ILC will, for the first time, explore electroweak reactions at energies in the TeV region, i.e. far beyond the masses of the W and Z bosons. In exclusive processes without the emission of massive gauge bosons double-logarithmic contributions, so-called Sudakov logarithms, will then become relevant. Precise theoretical predictions require the knowledge of the complete logarithmic two-loop corrections in the high energy limit, thus exceeding the approximation through the leading powers of logarithms known so far. This PhD thesis is focussed on the calculation of analytic two-loop corrections to the form factor of an Abelian vector current. It also studies with the help of evolution equations the consequences of these results for electroweak cross sections of four-fermion processes. Contributions from the Higgs boson and the mass difference between the W and the Z boson are considered as well, and the factorization of the singular contributions from the massless photon is demonstrated. The results represent theoretical two-loop predictions for four-fermion processes in the accuracy needed for the precision experiments at the ILC.


. This research aims to determine the effect of celebrity endorsers on online purchase intentions. The population is the people in Denpasar City using purposive sampling. The data analysis technique used multiple regression analysis. It was found that attractiveness, trustworthiness and expertise, influence simultaneously and partially on the purchase intention in food and beverage MSME products in Denpasar City. If before the Covid 19 pandemic conditions consumers were still hesitant to buy food and beverage products online, it is hoped that using celebrity endorsers that display food and beverage products in a real and honest manner, can increase the purchase intention of consumers who previously were still hesitant to buy food and beverage products by online. With the increase in consumer purchase intentions, it is also hoped that MSME players who sell food and beverages online can increase their sales turnover significantly.


Reliability is an important issue in cascaded H-bridge converters (CHB converters) because they use a high number of power semiconductors. A faulty power cell in a CHB converter can potentially lead to expensive downtime and great losses on the consumer side. With a fault-tolerant control strategy, operation can continue with the undamaged cells; thus increasing the reliability of the system. In this paper, the operating principles and the control method for a CHB multilevel rectifier are introduced. The influence of various faults on the CHB converter is investigated. The method of fault diagnosis and the bypassing of failed cells are explained. A fault-tolerant protection strategy is proposed to achieve redundancy in the CHB rectifier. The redundant H-bridge concept helps to deal with device failures and to increase system reliability. Simulation results verify the performance of the proposed strategy.


To create a technology for selection the optimal RPM method the simulation on a sector hydrodynamic model of the field has performed. Different injection modes (continuous injection, alternating, cyclic), injection agents and completions of injection wells were tried during the modeling. The key factors, which influence the choice of the RPM method, were determined. Pilot industrial works include short-term nitrogen injection, long-term APG injection, and production from pilot wells in various modes. Well research include pressure testing, well testing after gas injection, recording of inflow profiles, laboratory studies of the Priobskoye field's own core. Evaluation of the potential of gas enhanced oil recovery methods shows their significantly higher efficiency compared to stationary waterflooding. The suggested approach can minimize the risks in the transition to previously untested development methods and methods of enhanced oil recovery in ultra-low-permeability reservoirs of the Achimov deposits. The analysis and the results of partially conducted pilot projects (at the moment) have showed a high potential for gas injection in certain areas of the field.


This research aimed to investigate on the effects of glycerol/water and sorbitol/water on the plasticization of hydroxyethylacryl chitosan (HC)/sodium alginate (SA) films. The HC/SA films were prepared with different amount of glycerol or sorbitol as a plasticizer (25, 40 and 50% w/w) and kept at different relative humidity (0% RH and 50% RH) in order to restrict the content of water within the films. The results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) showed the miscibility of polymer and plasticizers (glycerol and sorbitol) for all blend compositions. A remarkable reduction of glass transition temperature (T g ) could be obtained by adding glycerol over 40% w/w. For sorbitol plasticized films, although the addition of sorbitol could reduce T g , it was still higher than room temperature. It was claimed that glycerol could gain more effective plasticizing than sorbitol in the HC/SA films. In the cooperation with water as co-plasticizer (glycerol/water or sorbitol/water), the T g values of all films were dramatically decreased to -50 °C for glycerol/water plasticized films and down to 0 °C for sorbitol/water plasticized films. The reasonable flexible films could be obtained by the use of either glycerol/water or sorbitol/water as couple plasticizers.


In 1967 Moser proved the existence of a normal form for real analytic perturbations of vector fields possessing a reducible Diophantine invariant quasi-periodic torus. This normal form turns out to be a powerful tool in the study of dissipative systems. In this paper we present a proof of existence of this normal form in terms of an inverse function theorem in analytic class. In this more conceptual context it becomes natural to deduce some other particular normal forms, depending on the different structures of systems under study. As an application, by a technique of elimination of parameters set up by R\"ussmann, Herman and other authors in the 80's, we prove a KAM-type result for the dissipative spin-orbit problem of Celestial Mechanics, a problem recently presented by Celletti-Chierchia and Stefanelli-Locatelli.


Understanding newborn communication patterns and emotional states greatly depends on the ability to recognize infant vocalizations like screams and chuckles. This study provides an automated method that uses machine learning and audio signal analysis to discriminate between newborn cries and laughs. For training and assessment, a datasets of pre-processed audio recordings with weep and laugh parts was used. The results of the studies show how effectively and precisely the suggested method can distinguish between baby cries and laughter. With an average accuracy of 94.7% on the test dataset, the generated model performed admirably. Childcare, pediatrics, and human-computer interaction can all benefit from this study's contributions to the field of infant vocalization analysis. The findings of the study lay the groundwork for creating intelligent systems that can recognize and react to newborn emotions, ultimately promoting improved caregiver-baby relationships.


Periprosthetic infection is one of the most challenging and dreaded complications in orthopedics, often resulting in repeated surgeries, patient distress and disability, increased cost and utilization of medical resources, and in rare cases even mortality. The biggest challenge to date is to correctly diagnose periprosthetic infection preoperatively or intraoperatively and implement effective treatment regimens capable of eradicating the organism. This article reviews the various methods used in the diagnosis of periprosthetic and postarthroplasty infection.


From the files of the X-ray departments of the university hospitals of Lund and Malmo (Allmanna sjukhuset), an excerption was made of all patients, born 1870-1946, who had had an X-ray verified gastric or duodenal ulcer in the twelve year period 1951-1962. To make the selection as complete as possible, all patients were included who had been registered with the following designations (the percentage within brackets) : Manifest gastric ulcer (20 % ) , manifest pyloric or duodenal ulcer (35 %), deformed stomach or duodenal bulb (5 % and 25 %, respectively), and gastric operations (15 %). The figures are approximate and based on samples from one year. Under the heading of gastric operations appear also gastric tumours (cancer, polypi, etc.), the number of which was estimated at about 3 % of the whole sample. I n the files of the X-ray departments in Lund, 6492 such individuals were found for the appointed period. The corresponding figure for Malmo had to be estimated by sampling, as the registers there are made up separately for each year, making it possible for the same individual to reappear in different years. I 9, I 26 registrations had been made, estimated to represent I I, I 20 individuals. The whole primary sample thus includes about I 7,600 individuals and should well represent the population of the district, as the region of admittance for the hospital in Lund consists of rural parts and small and medium-sized communities (altogether about 200,000 inhabitants), while, in Malmo, the city population (also about 200,000 inhabitants) is the basis of hospital admittance. In-patients as well as out-patients were included in both samples, the greatest proportion being out-patients. Using the dates of birth, the primary sample of about 17,600 individuals was then confronted with a card-index prepared by the department of psychiatry of Lund, of all registered twin-births in the province of SkAne, the southern part of Sweden, in the years 1870-1946, a total of about 20,000. Thus it was shown that 180 individuals in the primary sample had had a twin of the same sex born in S k h e within the period in question. Twins of different sexes were not include'd. Among the 6492 individuals from the X-ray register in Lund, 80 twins were found, which gives a frequency of 1.23 %. From the


The invention relates to a preparation method of (S)-indoline-2-carboxylic acid. Indoline-2-formic acid is used as a raw material which is subjected to acylation, hydrogenation, acid hydrolysis and resolution in the presence of a chiral catalyst to prepare the (S)-indoline-2-formic acid. The synthesis method provided by the invention has the advantages of mild reaction conditions, high chemical yield and low cost, is simple in operation and convenient for purification, and is suitable for industrially produced indoles chiral compounds.


The dissertation is an attempt to understand the genesis of Hegel's thought on two levels: within a social and historical setting and within an intellectual setting. In the one case the relation between human thought and the social context from which it springs is thematized, in the other an attempt is made to reconstruct a development within the history of ideas. These two perspectives are integrated into one presentation. The basic thesis is that classical German philosophy from Kant to Hegel can be understood as an attempt to come to grips with the central problem of the age, that is, with the transition from "l'ancien regime" to modern bourgeois society, a transformation that for the progressive intellectuals of 1789 was spelled out as the realization of reason. (Less)


ENGINE WITH COOLING AIR IN THE TURBINE BLADES IS FREE FROM ROTATION AND LARGE LOAD LOSS. IT INCLUDES: COMPRESSOR 12, COMBUSTION CHAMBER 16, TURBINE ROTOR 18, PROVIDED AROUND A CENTRAL AXIS OF THE ENGINE, ASSOCIATED WITH ROTORS 22 OF TURBINE AND A ROTATING SHAFT 24 OF TURBINE, AND A COOLING AIR CIRCUIT FOR SENDING COOLING AIR INTO THE TURBINE ROTATING 18, THIS COOLING AIR CIRCUIT HAVING AN ADJUSTMENT 34 WHICH ACCELERS THIS COOLING AIR TANGENTIALLY TO THE TURBINE ROTATING SHAFT 24 AND IN THE DIRECTION OF ROTATION OF THE TURBINE, A DEVICE 36 THAT RECEIVES ACCELERATED COOLING AIR DELIVER BY ADJUSTING 34 AND ALTER THE DIRECTION OF THIS AIR TO PASS THROUGH 32 HOUSEHOLDS IN THE ROTATING SHAFT 24 OF THE TURBINE WITH NO LARGE LOAD LOSSES. APPLICATION TO AIRCRAFT ENGINES .


An Ultra-wideband (UWB) pentagon antenna is examined and simulated using CST microwave studio for detecting the tumor present in the brain. It is operating at the range 3.67GHz to 13.2GHz in free space. The substrate of the microstrip antenna is designed using Flame Retardant (FR-4) substrate. The dimensions of the antenna are $44\times 30\text{mm}$. For improving the bandwidth and directivity modifications is made in the patch and ground. The input radiations from the antenna are allowed to penetrate into the human head phantom containing tumor and the reflection coefficient is analyzed. The result shows that tumor head phantom has high reflection compared to tumor free model.


By-catch and discards have received a great deal
of scientific attention, their minimisation being a goal
of marine fisheries management (Powers, 2006). The
Nordic workshop (Nordic Council of Ministers, 2003)
defined by-catch as "the proportion of the catch which
is taken on the board, or brought to the surface by
the vessel and which is subsequently thrown back to
sea, dead or dying or likely to die". Most of the earlier
studies deal with optimisation of fishing efficiency and
minimisation of fishing impact, but by-catch and
discards data have rarely been used to learn about
the distribution, abundance and biology of the incidental
species being caught, although several recent studies
have indicated the informative value of by-catch
concerning food habits (Koen Alonso et al., 2001),
feeding ecology (Rheeder and Sauer, 1998) and
recruitment indices (Payne et al., 2005).


### What you need to know

Hypertension is a leading global cause of morbidity and mortality. More than 25% of the adult UK population has hypertension, and in about 30% blood pressure remains uncontrolled.1 In August, the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) published its updated guideline on the diagnosis and management of hypertension. The guideline reviews further evidence that has emerged since it was last updated in 2011 from randomised trials investigating the initiation, monitoring, and choice of antihypertensive treatment. The scope of the updated guideline has increased to also include people with type 2 diabetes, but does not make recommendations for people with chronic kidney disease, established cardiovascular disease, or hypertension in pregnancy.

This article summarises the most recent recommendations from NICE and includes information considered to be most relevant to primary care clinicians. Key changes to current practice include offering drug treatment to people at a lower threshold for 10 year risk of cardiovascular disease, emphasis on maintaining blood pressure below target, and clarifying criteria for same day specialist review in people with accelerated hypertension.

NICE recommendations are based on systematic reviews of best available evidence and explicit consideration of …


Optical fiber cable distribution points are vital nodes accepting client access optical cable in China Mobile's cable access network.It has decided development prospect of China Mobile's cable access multi-service to meet the demand of customers.In order to take some reference of planning optical fiber cable distribution points,some tries in quantity are proposed in this paper.


This paper presents a parameterisation and test of an algorithm to calculate distributions of the major nutrient cations between the solution and exchangeable phases of soil when cation exchange capacity (c) may vary. Two contrasting soils were considered: a volcanic subsoil where c is dominated by variable-charge surfaces, and an alluvial silt loam topsoil with stable c. Experimental treatments consisted of applying either water or solutions of CaCl2, KCl, MgCl2, or NaCl. Solution concentrations of Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ varied by up to two orders of magnitude, and were simulated well, particularly when using log10-transformed data. The ratios of the solution concentrations of K+, Mg2+, and Na+ to Ca2+ also were generally simulated well. However, the algorithm's description of soil acidity needs further checking. For the variable-charge soil, cation concentrations were strongly influenced by fitted parameters associated with anion exchange. For the alluvial soil, fitted parameters had little influence, and the cation calculations were dominated by information gathered from the initial (equilibrium) distributions between phases. The algorithm has strong potential for forecasting changes in solution concentrations of the major nutrient cations, using relatively small amounts of fitting data.


The SLME network is a massively parallel recurrent, iterative, multiple constraint satisfaction neural network. It is capable of learning to solve problems including segmentation and vision tasks. It develops its own knowledge and feature set during iterative training. It consists of a retina of cells that learn their behavior and function during training. The cells are local processors that achieve consistency in an iterative manner using knowledge gained through learning, combined with vertical and horizontal communication of state between cells of neighboring regions. The SLME network can be used to extract structure from gray scale images of a naturally variable population for which it has been trained. Examples included are reconstruction and extraction of basic primary and secondary structure of noise corrupted objects and patterns, filling in objects, figure ground separation, and extraction of center axes of noise corrupted blobs.<<ETX>>


Protest movements are struggles to be seen and to be heard. In the last
 60 years protest movements around the world have mobilized against
 injustices and inequalities to bring about substantial sociocultural,
 sociopolitical, and socio-economic changes. Whilst familiar repertoires
 of action persist, such as strikes, demonstrations, and occupations of
 public space, the landscape is very different from 60 years ago when the
 so-called 'new social movements' emerged. We need to take stock of the
 terrain of protest movements, including dramatic developments in digital
 technologies and communication, the use of visual culture by protestors,
 and the expression of democracy. This chapter introduces the volume and
 explains how aesthetics of protest are performative and communicative,
 constituting a movement through the performance of politics.


Pure and doped single crystals of hematite were investigated using microwave techniques. Our results show that both the field required for resonance and the linewidth increase with Ti doping, and that the linewidth of the Ti‐doped samples favors a slow relaxation process. It is found that values of HD′, the canting field determined by resonance, and HD, the static canting field are related by HD′=HD+4HMHK0′/HD. However, Ti‐doped samples must be treated by considering a three‐sublattice model.


The conditions of formation of pure carbon dust in the envelopes of R CrB stars are investigated. Based on a sketchy equilibrium chemistry of the condensation process, a model is presented which is able to explain the occasional onset of the decline events as well as their development. In maximum light, the drift velocities of small carbon clusters due to radiative pressure are larger than the sound velocity. Since the chemical rates are too small to compensate the loss of carbon molecules by drift, a non equilibrium situation arises with abundances of carbon clusters far below the equilibrium values. During a shock, produced by stellar pulsations, the drift of the clusters becomes slower and the chemical rates increase


The present invention relates to a sweet tea functional drink for acne removing. The sweet tea functional drink is prepared from the following materials, by weight: 20 to 50 parts of a mixed extract, 20 to 40 parts of dextrin, 15 to 40 parts of xylitol; and the mixed extract is a hot water extract of cucumber, aloe, kelp, cabbage, capsella bursa-pastoris and dry sweet tea. According to the present invention, a variety of materials corporate with each other through different mechanisms and create synergy effect; various mechanisms such as expansion of the skin capillaries, supplement of vitamin E, resisting bacteria, alleviating inflammatory, expelling toxin, beautifying face, restraining sebum secretion, promoting secretion of the sebaceous glands discharge, controlling acne deterioration, clearing heat, moisturizing lung, eliminating harmful free radicals, enhancing the ability of red blood cells carrying oxygen, strengthening capillaries, resisting oxidation and the like are combined; a manifestation and root cause treatment of acne removing through internal adjustment can be achieved; a preventive effect also can be achieved. The present invention further provides a method for preparing the sweet tea functional drink for acne removing.