Antireflection (AR) coatings are some of the most extensively employed types of optical thin films. By reducing the amount of light reflected from a surface, such coatings improve system throughput, increase contrast, and enhance signal-to-noise ratio in virtually every type of precision optical system and in commercial products such as eyeglasses, flat-panel displays, and architectural windows. An optical thin film consists of one or more layers of coated material, with individual layer thicknesses typically ranging from a few nanometers to several microns. Producing a useful coating requires precise control of deposition so that the desired sequence, uniformity, material thicknesses, and indices of refraction are achieved. Good adhesion is also important if the optic is to be mechanically durable, as is the ability to retain consistent properties in the presence of temperature and humidity swings for applications requiring environmental stability. Economic factors, such as cost, also dictate the use of production equipment appropriate for large batch sizes and short cycle times. The two most commonly used deposition technologies for producing optical thin films that meet these criteria are evaporation and sputtering. There are numerous variations of both methods. In a traditional evaporative coating chamber, one or more racks hold the substrate material to be coated. The first step in the process is to pump all of the air out of the chamber to achieve a very high vacuum (10−6 torr or better). A succession of coating materials is then evaporated, typically using either resistive heating or electron beam bombardment. Because the chamber is in high vacuum, the mean free path of evaporated atoms or molecules is several meters. They stream out and condense onto any surface that has a direct line of sight to the source. Consequently, the deposition rate is highly dependent upon the distance and relative angular orientation from the source to the substrate surface. To maximize layer uniformity, the racks are rotated during coating such that every part experiences the same time-


The invention relates to a self-cleaning device which comprises a device main body, a driving module, a cleaning module and a sensing module, wherein the device main body comprises a chassis and an upper shell fixed on the chassis; the driving module is connected with the chassis and is used for driving the self-cleaning device to advance according to a preset line; the cleaning module is distributed in the device main body; the sensing module is assembled on a preset position of the upper shell and is used for acquiring the condition of barriers at the periphery of the self-cleaning device; the driving module, the cleaning module and the sensing module are respectively assembled on the device main body in a detachable way. All the function modules in the self-cleaning device provided by the invention are respectively mounted in accommodating space reserved on the device main body and can be independently detached from the device main body, so that the damaged function modules can be independently detached for conveniently repairing or replacing new function modules and the repairing efficiency of the self-cleaning device is greatly increased.


Cross docking is believed to be an efficient approach to control the physical flow of the supply chain. Due to its importance, companies these days feel the necessity of careful planning of the inbound and outbound flows. As a result, they can reach customer satisfaction milestone and also time and cost reduction. In this paper, we study fruit and vegetable cross docks which are different than the other forms of cross docks. In such cross docks, time plays an important role and it must be reduced to the minimum length possible so that we can decrease the cooling and spoilage expenses to a great extent. We modelled the inbound docks as an open shop problem in order to minimise the unloading time of the inbound trucks, then we developed a heuristic solution procedure method based on graph theory to deal with this problem.


Five IIB group complexes, [ZnL1Cl2] (1), {[CdL1Cl2]}2 (2), [Cd(L1)2(NO3)2]·H2O (3), [HgL1Cl2] (4), and [ZnL2Cl2] (5) [L1 = 1-[2-(6-methoxy-2-pyridylmethyl)]-2-[2-(6-methoxy-pyridyl)]benzimidazole; L2 = 2-[2-(6-methoxypyridyl)]benzimidazole] have been synthesized and structurally characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and X-ray single-crystal analyses. The structural investigations testify that the ionic radius and counterions (Cl− and NO3−) cooperatively affect the coordination mode of central metal. As small and medium radii, four-coordinated Zn2+ (1 and 5) and five-coordinated Cd2+ (2) possess tetrahedron and trigonal bipyramid geometries, respectively. Though Hg2+ (4) has a larger radius, its three-coordinated geometry is trigonal planar in order to eliminate repulsive forces. Further observations illustrate that Cd2+ (3) is bound to two ligands L1 when NO3− is the counter anion, forming seven-coordinated monocapped trigonal prismatic geometry. Complexes 1–5 display bright blue luminescence with the emission maxima (λmax) ranging from 399 to 499 nm at 298 K, depending on the N,N′-chelating ligand-centered π* → π transition. Upon cooling to 77 K, the complexes show rich structured emission profiles compared to those at 298 K. The emission lifetimes of L and 1–5 are on the microsecond scale. The emission efficiency of 1–5 is shown by quantum yields ranging from 0.23 to 0.40. Complexes 1–5 offer a good insight into the opportunities in the utilization of blue materials for application and function.


This dissertation uses new archival materials to analyze the intellectual journey of H.L.A. Hart and his ideas in the United States, focusing on Hart's year as a visiting professor at Harvard, 1956-57, and its immediate aftermath. The dissertation situates Hart's work in the United States in the historical and intellectual context of the Legal Process School, the jurisprudential movement that dominated legal thought at Harvard during Hart's visit. When Hart arrived at Harvard in 1956, he found himself on a harmonious intellectual trajectory with the process theorists, seeking a middle road between legal formalism and legal realism, despite the deep suspicion with which American legal theorists viewed analytical jurisprudence and legal positivism. Over the course of the year, Hart and the process theorists collaborated and debated constantly – clarifying their methodological disagreements and also their shared jurisprudential mission. In close contact with the process theorists, Hart developed an account of legal decision-making and the relationship between legal indeterminacy and the rule of law that resonated deeply with process theory. He expressed these ideas in a lost essay, Discretion , written shortly after his arrival at Harvard. Discretion spurred a year of fruitful debate in the newly formed Legal Philosophy Discussion Group on topics ranging from the value of Hart's analytical methodology to the core problems of American democracy. Throughout the year, for example, Hart exchanged views with Lon Fuller about the applicability of the fact-value distinction to jurisprudence, constituting a "pre-Hart-Fuller debate Hart-Fuller debate," largely unreconstructed until now, which informs what was really at stake in the published Hart-Fuller exchange. In the spring, Hart delivered his famous Holmes Lecture, Positivism and the Separation of Law and Morals . Understood in historical context, the lecture represented the culmination of a year of collaboration and debate with the Legal Process School, and Hart's attempt to defend a new, truly liberal formulation of legal positivism that responded specifically to the challenges his methodological outlook had encountered in the United States. Ultimately, however, Hart's ideas were unable to transcend the broiling debate over the role of the judiciary in American democracy in the wake of Brown vs. Board of Education . As progressive politics in the United States came increasingly to depend on an activist judiciary enforcing moral rights, Hart's positivism seemed to resonate more with Learned Hand's criticism of judicial review (which came out the same month as Hart's Holmes Lecture) than with justice-oriented defenses of the Warren Court. Further, Hart's process theoretic account of judicial discretion came to conflict with the Warren Court's activist judicial stance, partly due to the "botched" reception of Herbert Wechsler's 1959 lecture, Toward Neutral Principles of Constitutional Law , which was heavily influenced by Hart's Discretion essay. But at the deepest level, Hart held a view about liberalism in which open, rational democratic deliberation, not judicial intervention, was the primary force for social change – a view the Process School largely shared, yet a view that was sidelined in the Warren Court era. For largely political reasons, Hart's liberal legal positivism failed to gain traction. In telling this history, this dissertation makes an original contribution to the literature in several ways: by drawing on a wealth of new source material, by situating Hart's year at Harvard in the intellectual context of the Legal Process School, by providing a complete historical analysis of the Legal Philosophy Discussion Group, by analyzing Hart's lost essay Discretion and Fuller's forgotten "Reply to Critics," by reconstructing the interactions between Hart and Fuller before their published exchange, and by interpreting Hart's Holmes Lecture in the context of process theory's decline. Hart's extraordinary year in America and the legacy of analytical legal positivism and the Legal Process School remain topics of great importance to legal philosophy, and my goal is to contribute a new, I hope helpful, historical interpretation to the scholarly conversation.


Rap music has been one o f the most popular and controversial forms o f entertainment in the 1990's. Rap music serves as a form o f social protest used by Blacks who feel oppressed. This study defines rap music as protest rhetoric, provides a history o f rap music as an extention o f Black African and American oral traditions, and analyzes the lyrics o f Public Enemy, one o f the most powerful protest rap artists. Although Public Enemy's music does not function in a social movement as previous protest songs, a comparison o f Public Enemy's lyrics to conclusions drawn by previous researchers will show that Public Enemy's discourse is a form o f social protest without serving as part o f a


Baryte serves as raw materials in the petroleum and chemical industries for production of several end-products. Its applications are based on its physiochemical and mineralogical characteristics. Still, the primary use of baryte is as a weighting agent for oil drilling operations. In spite of Nigeria's huge baryte reserves, the multinational oil companies operating in Nigeria neglect its use on the grounds that Nigerian baryte have lower quality compared to imported baryte. This study analyses the physiochemical and mineralogical properties of Azara baryte, located in Nassarawa State, Nigeria. These parameters were examined vis a vis the American Petroleum Institute (API) standards. Results of the XRF analyses reveals that the baryte sample has a BaO content of 8.595%, and SO3 of 7.45%; Thus, equivalent to 15.885% BaSO4 (BaO+SO3). Physiochemical analyses indicate that while the moisture content (0.02), pH (7.2), and metallic contents, were within API specification for drilling, its low specific gravity value of 3.45g/cm3, makes it unacceptable for drilling operations, as it compares unfavourably with the API standards. Mineralogical analysis shows quartz as the most predominant associated mineral. These results indicate the sample's suitability for paper, glass, paint, and rubber, production. However, it requires further processing to meet globally acceptable specifications for drilling operation. Keywords: Baryte; Specific gravity; XRF; XRD; Azara.


The paper divides architectural history to two elements: perceptual history of architecture and rational history of architecture. We investigate from the relation of architectural design and architectural history, then, find the diversity between architectural design and architectural history. Based on pedagogy of architectural history, we prompt to set-up perceptual history of architecture. At the same time, the paper analyzes the peculiarity and contents of rational history of architecture. At last, the paper, roughly, envisages a theoretical frame of perceptual history of architecture.


In India and beyond, the spread of Buddhist monasteries supported by communities of lay-followers was to a great extent determined by political and socio-economic factors. Silence about Buddhism also reigns at the time of the invasion of the East by Alexander the Great (327-325 BC in India), with one possible exception. As early as the first century AD, Buddhism started expanding even further westwards to Bukhara and areas under Parthian rule in Margiana and Northern Khorsn, as is clear from the ndings of Soviet and Russian archaeologists, whose work is unfortunately still largely unknown in the West. The geographical overlap between Buddhism and Christianity was possibly even greater, involving communities in Sri Lanka, South and North-west India, Persia and Central Asia. Keywords: Buddhist monasteries; Bukhara; Christianity; Margiana; Northern Khorsn; Parthian rule; Russian archaeologist


Challenge Biaryl compounds are key building blocks in a broad spectrum of organic substances, particularly pharmaceutical or agrochemical active ingredients. Prominent examples are the angiotensin II receptor antagonists losartan and valsartan for treatment of cardiovascular diseases, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug diflunisal, the antiinfective radezolid, the virostatic ledipasvir, or GABA receptor modulators such as zolpidem. Current synthesis methodologies used for these compounds involve transition metal catalyzed cross-coupling reactions (e.g. Pd catalyzed cross coupling such as Suzuki reaction). Owing to the use of heavy metals, undesired trace impurities remain in the products which are quality-limiting. Moreover, recycling of the catalysts is complicated and expensive.


Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent primary headache disorder, affecting 0.5%~ 4.8% of the population worldwide. Psychological factors play an important role in the pathogenesis of TTH. For instance, depression and anxiety are thought to enhance central sensitization, and thus increase the frequency of headaches. In this study, we used the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and measures of anxiety to analyze personality traits associated with TTH. Speci cally, we were interested in the relationship between these variables, respiratory responses, and brain activity. Our results showed that individuals with TTH had signi cantly higher state anxiety scores compared with healthy controls. In addition, individuals with TTH showed a greater increase in RR during a stressful task involving anticipation of an electrical stimulation. During anticipatory anxiety, there was bilateral amygdala (AMG) activation in TTH patients, while only the right AMG was activated in healthy controls. Interestingly, patients in the TTH group with high levels of state anxiety and high scores on schizophrenia scales had the following MMPI personality traits : peculiar perception, poor familial relationship, dif culties concentrating, and lack of deep interest. We suggest that the psychological factors associated with the above-mentioned brain activation might induce peripheral muscle pressure, which then triggers headaches.


during follow-up, reporting a relative risk of 0.39 (95% CI, 0.19 to 0.77) among men who were statin users compared with nonusers. The emphasis on lethal prostate cancer in that study was important, given the considerable biologic heterogeneity in metastatic potential of prostate cancer over a man's life and also because the etiology of lethal prostate cancer clearly differs from that of indolent disease. 3,4 A large fraction of men harbor latent prostate cancer,andwiththehighprevalenceofprostate-specificantigen(PSA) screening in Western populations, most of the diagnosed prostate cancers are indolent in the sense that they never would have otherwise come to clinical attention. Much of the apparent inconsistency among studies on statins and prostate cancer disappears when one distinguishes associations with risk of advanced-stage—or preferably lethal—prostate cancer from overall incidence. A meta-analysis of 27 observational studies publishedin2012reportedapooledrelativeriskof0.93(95%CI,0.87 to 0.99) for total incident prostate cancer and a more pronounced inverse association for advanced disease, with a relative risk of 0.80 (95% CI, 0.70 to 0.90) on the basis of seven studies. 5 One challenge in the interpretation of thefindings is a lack of consistency in the definition of advanced prostate cancer, with investigators using various definitions and often classifying T3a or T2 as advanced. From the perspectiveofetiologyandprevention,weproposethatlethalprostate cancer is the optimal disease end point for epidemiologic investigations. Given the long natural history of prostate cancer, such studies require long-term and complete follow-up of large cohorts of men. Since the publication of the 2012 meta-analysis, five additional epidemiologic studies have reported on associations between statin use and lethal prostate cancer, all suggesting inverse associations. UsingSEERdatainWashingtonstate,Geybelsetal 6 reportedarelative risk of 0.19 (95% CI, 0.06 to 0.56) on the basis of 39 lethal cases in a case-only analysis; thesefindings are notably in contrast with the null resultsforstatinsandPSAprogressioninthesamestudy.Thisisakey issue in prostate cancer research, given that PSA recurrence is an imperfect classifier of the lethal potential of a cancer. In a Danish population registry-based study, statin users had significantly lower rates of prostate cancer mortality, with a relative risk of 0.81 (95% CI, 0.75 to 0.88). 7 However, these results were adjusted only for age and nototherriskfactorsforlethalprostatecancer.Inastudyshowingthat postdiagnostic use of metformin was associated with substantially reducedprostatecancermortalityindiabetics,Margeletal 8 alsonoted


In June 1934,Xiao Hong and Xiao Jun exiled themselves from Harbin to Qingdao in order to escape from the terror made by the Japanese aggressors and their puppets,starting the only short period of a peaceful,stable and creative life.In Qingdao,Xiao Hong completed The Field of Life and Death and her name became the cultural mark of Qingdao.In November,the political situation in Qingdao was getting worse.Together with Xiao Jun,Xiao Hong left Qingdao for Shanghai and went to Lu Xun for help.Thereafter Xiao Hong never returned to Qingdao.In order to smooth over the emotional breach between them,Xiao Hong went eastwards to Japan in 1936,during the separation,15 love letters were sent between them.Finally,Xiao Hong parted company with Xiao Jun due to the irreconcilable conflicts.In 1938,Xiao Jun reached Yan'an after passing through Qin.Xiao Hong died of illness in Hong Kong in 1942.


The aim of this article is to give an advisable engineering method applicable to the calculation forces and moments arriving from the rotor side and arisen from the aerodynamic and dynamic effects over the rotor blades. Aerodynamic forces and moments can be estimated by the using of the integrated blade and impulse theory while the unsteady effects and compressibility of the flow can be considered in the blade element theory.


This research mainly examines the factors that affect an employee's occupational commitment. Respondents of the questionnaire were all insurance agents, and a total of 246 valid questionnaires were completed. After going through correlation and regression analysis of the collected data, it is implied that insurance agents' affective occupational commitment, is higher than their affective organizational commitment. Also, their organizational commitment is positively correlated to their occupational commitment. Meanwhile, the agents' affective occupational commitment is also positively influenced by their job satisfaction. On the other hand, the respondents' job satisfaction has a positive effect on their affective organizational commitment.


The goal of developing automated off-line vision metrology systems has largely been accomplished over recent years. The emphasis of research into measurement automation has thus moved on to implementation of more flexible and robust algorithms and processes in order to both improve performance and better accommodate data errors. This paper describes key features of the automatic measurement operation adopted for the Australis off-line digital close-range photogrammetric system. Particular aspects covered include target detection and validation within image scanning; the design of an exterior orientation device to support initial image orientation; image point correspondence determination based on the geometry of epipolar planes; and the integration of these processing phases with both a preliminary and final bundle adjustment. As well as discussing the fundamental models and computational schemes adopted, the paper will address error handling strategies. It will also consider practical aspects of these developments and briefly report on results of experimental performance tests.


Innovation theory with or without marketing theory : does cases like the creation of the innovative culinary art arena Grythyttan fit into traditional innovation discourse?


The world's economic welfare is supported by its natural resources. Mapping ecosystem services (ES) is essential to understand how ecosystems contribute to human wellbeing and to support policies, which have an impact on nature. Mapping (ES) is an important tool in their assessment. ES mapping and assessment include ecosystem properties and conditions, ES potential, supply, flow and demand. Approaches to the assessment and mapping the role of Tatarstan's natural and transformed ecosystems in the carbon dioxide's balance are presented. The contribution of forest ecosystems to the species' balance composition and age of forests are estimated. The crop photosynthesis and soils' respiration are used for agricultural lands. Emissions from industrial production are considered. Fuel combustion and other processes contribute to the balance of carbon dioxide as well. Maps compiled for these purposes prove to be an important tool to assess carbon capacity.


can be used as such in the PicSOM system even though Euclidean distance calculation, inherently used in the PicSOM system, is not optimal for all of them. Also, the results indicate that the PicSOM technique is a bit slower than the reference system in starting to find relevant images. However, when the strong RF mechanism of PicSOM begins to function, its retrieval precision exceeds that of the reference system.


This paper deals with a case study on the social security system in a transition economy in Ukraine. The severe socioeconomic crisis in Ukraine, including a huge decline of production, hyperinflation, and the informalization of the economy, caused both a substantial reduction of social security contributions and an increase in the number of people who need assistance. The creation of a sustainable economic system in the country requires the development of a new model of social security suited to the realities of a market economy. The objective of this paper is to investigate the current situation, trends, and possible ways of reforms in the Ukrainian social security system, taking into account specific features of the national economy, in particular the informal sector. The analysis focuses on the key component of social security - the pension system - and combines both qualitative and model-based approaches.


The main purpose of this study was to examine the sectors of Korean textile complex based on various economic characteristics and performances. The sectors in the textile complex differed in many aspects. Man-made fiber industry showed capital-intensive characteristics even though most of the sectors in the textile complex were labor-intensive. Textile industry is composed of weaving and spinning, knitting, dyeing and finishing sectors and even within the textile industry, each sector had different characteristics from each others. Weaving and spinning sector seemed to require relatively high capital investment, while dyeing and finishing was very labor-intensive. Labor-intensive apparel industry has faced decrease in labor-productivity while wage has increased. Slow growth in labor productivity in Korean textile complex was shown to be a more problem than increase in wage or ratio of labor cost to value added. Apparel companies appeared to be in better financial states than the textile companies, even though the exports of apparel products have decreased in the 1990s. However, in overall the financial states of the Korean textile complex were not as strong as those of the other manufacturing sectors.


Aim To observe the inhibition effect of Tongxinluo on inflammation and intima proliferation response induced by interleukin-1β(IL-1β) in small swine,and to investigate its action mechanism. Methods Chinese mini-swine were randomly divided into three groups,control group,model group and Tongxinluo group.The control group and model group were fed with special diet;the Tongxinluo group were fed with special diet and Tongxinluo [1 g/(kg·d)].After 2 weeks' feeding,chest operation was done by isolation of left-anterior descending banch and circumflex branch proximate.Coronary artery membranna externa in swine was packed by paper towel absorbing saline agarose particle suspension in control group.But in model group and Tongxinluo group,coronary artery membranna externa was packed by paper towel absorbing IL-1β(2.5 μg)agarose particle suspension.After 2 weeks,lumens narrow was observed by coronary arteriogramphy.The vascular section in the treated site was taken out to be examined by pathology and the monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1),P-selection,E-selection, intercell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1(VCAM-1) mRNA expression was measured by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis(RT-PCR). Results The coronary arteriogramphy showed that atherosclerotic changes and luminal stricture in local blood vessel in Tongxinluo group was dscreased compared with control group.The pathological examination showed that the degree of luminal stricture,the macrophage accumulation and endometrial hyperplasia in Tongxinluo group was obviously lighter than that of model group.The expression of mRNA of MCP-1,P-selection,E-selection,ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in Tongxinluo group were decreased. Conclusions Tongxinluo could inhibit coronary artery early inflammation response and intima proliferation induced by interleukin-1β by inhibiting the mRNA expression of MCP-1,P-selection,E-selection, ICAM-1 and VCAM-1.


The residues of organic phosphorus pesticide were determined by large bore capillary gas chromatograph in 167 samples of 14 kinds of vegetables in Xi'an region. The results showed that the residues of methamidophos, oniethoate, monocrotophos,phorate, dimethoate, malathion and parathion were no detection ~ 2. 44 mg/kg, no detection ~ 2. 58 mg/kg, no detection ~0. 05 mg/ kg, no detection - 1. 46 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 02 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 07 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 23 mg/kg respectively in summer vegetables and the rates of exceed quota were 10. 0%, 35.0%, 3. 8%, 11. 3%, 0. 0%, 10. 0%, 7. 5% in the order mentioned;the residues of methamidophos , dichlorvos, acephate, omethoate, phorate, dimethoate, malathion, parathion and chlorpyri-fos were no detection ~ 0.11 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 07 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 02mg/kg, no detection ~ 3. 95 mg/kg, no detection, no detection, no detection ~ 0. 01 mg/kg, no detection -0. 45 mg/kg, no detection ~ 0. 25 mg/kg in autumn vegetables and the rates of exceed quota were 5.7%, 0. 0%, 0. 0%, 32. 2%, 0. 0%, 0. 0%, 1.1%, 2. 3%, 0. 0%. The qualification rate of 14 kinds of vegetables was 53. 3%.


In this work, we study the decay behavior of a two-level system under the competing influence of a dissipative environment and repetitive measurements. The sign of the second derivative of the environmental spectral density function with respect to the system transition frequency is found to be a sufficient condition to distinguish between the quantum Zeno (negative) and the anti-Zeno (positive) effects raised by the measurements. We check our criterion for practical measurement intervals, which are larger than the conceptual Zeno time, in various environments. In particular, with the Lorentzian spectrum, the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno phenomena are found to emerge respectively in the near-resonant and off-resonant cases. For the interacting spectra of hydrogenlike atoms, the quantum Zeno effect usually occurs and the anti-Zeno effect can rarely occur unless the transition frequency is close to the cut-off frequency. With a power-law spectrum, we find that sub-Ohmic and super-Ohmic environments lead to the quantum Zeno and anti-Zeno effects, respectively.


X-ray absorption spectrometry (XAS) is a commonly used synchrotron-based technique that enables  determination of the chemical state of an element of interest, including oxidation state, local atomic  geometry, bond lengths, and coordination number. The technique has been applied for a substantial  range of applications, including mineralogic determination in geosciences, chemical states of  nanoparticles, catalysts, and battery lithiation processes in operando .


This paper explores the development of job analysis by the London, Midland and Scottish Railway (LMS) in the 1930s. It argues that historians have criticised the management decisions made by railway companies during the inter-war period without having examined the process by which these decisions were reached. Only by examining the process of managerial decision-making using internal company documentation can such claims be justified. The paper examines the market environment of inter-war freight haulage at LMS, followed by a review of the terminal handling process. This provides the context for an analysis of the contribution of Lewis C. Ord and job analysis to the modernisation and mechanisation of LMS terminal. The paper concludes that, while lacking financial sophistication, the LMS, by reflecting upon internal processes, delivered more efficient although not necessarily more economical working.


Abstract—The main idea behind this project is to control and monitor the AAC block plant via a PLC based technology for industry process. AAC stand for Autoclaved Aerated Concrete. It is light weighted block having eco friendly material which possess a great acoustic and fire resistive properties. It is now gaining significance in the construction field by omitting the conventional process. AAC block consist of base ingredients like fly ash, water, cements, Aluminium powder and other items (silica). The paper deals with a manufacturing stages of AAC blocks and Siemens PLC S7-300 which comprise of processor CPU 3152PN/DP, adaption circuit, power circuit and RS 232 interface and sensors like proximity sensors, position sensors , limiting switches, water level indicators for the manufacturing of AAC blocks.


The maps they made were route maps rather than area maps in the generally accepted sense of the word, but when checked against the work of later surveyors they proved reasonably accurate, and in addition the Pundits gave information in their reports about the economic and social conditions of the areas they surveyed, and were able to provide an assessment of Russian influence in Chinese Turkestan. Their achievement was not inconsiderable. Not only did they map large areas of Afghanistan and the upper reaches of the Oxus but some of them went as far as Lhasa, while one of the pundits was in Tunhuang in 1881, many years before Aurel Stein's arrival there in 1907. The pundits played a major part in the solution of the problem of the river Tsangpo by providing evidence for its identification with the river Brahmaputra. If these men have not been given the credit due to them it is in part because of the fact that after the reports of the first pundits had been published it was decided for security reasons to remove references to them from later reports, to protect Britain from the charge of sending spies into neighbouring countries and to protect other pundits from having their cover blown. Nevertheless, some were rewarded with the gift of medals or surveying instruments, while Rinzing Namgyal ('R.N.') came to England and was presented with a gold watch on the occasion of his visit to Queen Victoria. As the conditions in countries beyond the borders of British India were changed by war in Afghanistan and incursions by British officers into Tibet, culminating in the Younghusband Expedition to Lhasa in 1903-04, it became possible for European surveyors to enter those countries, and the need for the pundits ceased. The last known expedition of the pundits was in 1892-93 when a pair of them travelled to Nepal and Tibet. Although the pundits' expeditions were not all entirely successful, Derek Waller's book, based on material from the National Archives of India and the India Office Library, gives support for the belief of the correspondent of The Times who accompanied the Younghusband Expedition that 'the work of these lonely spies in the field of Asian exploration deserves a place of honour second to none'. Faculty of Oriental Studies, Cambridge K. R. NORMAN


Already well chronicled through histories of labor, regulation, and fashion, the New York City Garment District remained, until recently, unexamined on the aspects of its physical fabric— its architecture, builders, and architects, and the financial and social forces behind its development. Enter Andrew Dolkart with his article "The Fabric of New York City's Garment District," in which he recounts the evolution of this industrial geography and its unique contributing factors: new building codes resulting from the 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist Company fire, inexpensive real estate along the blocks west of Seventh Avenue, new subway lines to the area, and, most importantly, a "Save New York" propaganda campaign started by luxury storeowners that forcibly drove garment manufacturers away from the Fifth Avenue shopping district and produced an entirely new built environment. Dolkart is an established expert on the built environment of New York. A continuous presence in historic preservation of the city for over thirty years, he is somewhat of a landmark himself in the field of "reading" buildings. His current project seeks to increase awareness and appreciation of the Garment District's littleknown effect on the physical design of New York City. As a historian, one hopes that pioneering efforts such as his will spark discussion about the unfortunate fact that not one building in the district has garnered National Historic Landmark designation, despite the architectural, historical, and social significance of these structures. In this article, he demonstrates clear causation for the physical appearance of the blocks and the buildings, but we crave more interpretation from him on the meaning of these forms. For instance, it is unclear what differentiates these spaces from their equivalents elsewhere. Comparison with concurrent industrial structures would have been worthwhile, establishing context and rationale for the claim that the New York structures were unique. For example: How did garmentmanufacturing buildings in other cities manifest new construction codes? How did buildings for other industrial categories within New York reflect those same codes? Why was steel-frame construction the best choice for building (versus concrete or masonry)? Some of Dolkart's most compelling work (check out his excellent walking tours of Manhattan and Brooklyn along with his lectures at the Tenement Museum; recordings available online) is that which seeks to distinguish original elements from their modernday adaptations. In that vein, an encore article on the tragic legacy of the Garment District would be most welcome from Dolkart, exploring how its days as the capital of textile manufacturing are largely over, and how a second transformation saw many of the old factories converted into condominiums and retail shops. Having initiated the important conversation about an industrial area whose historic significance supremely exceeds its modest geographic scale, Dolkart offers hope to historians of vernacular architecture that we may expand our conversation of the Garment District beyond labor and now, finally, talk about space.


In this paper, an improved flux-barrier geometry configuration of transversally laminated rotor synchronous reluctance machine (TLR-SynRM) is proposed to suppress the torque ripple. The flux-barrier geometry configuration has two remarkable features. First, its flux barriers are step shaped and their shapes could be described by the parameter X. Second, the widths of multi-flux barriers in the middle regions are changing in a gradient style. The conformal mapping method is introduced to calculate the reluctances of the improved flux-barrier geometry configuration, and the corresponding magnetic equivalent circuit is established to analyze how the parameter X influences air-gap flux density distribution in order to obtain the minimum torque ripple. Based on the above analysis, the results are used to improve the flux-barrier geometry configuration. Last, the effectiveness of the improved flux-barrier geometry configuration is verified by finite-element analysis.


We should focus on solving poor students issues if we want to establish a harmonious campus in college.On the one hand,we can establish a set of funding system and help students with financial difficulties finish their education;on the other hand,we can achieve people-centered concept and try to develop and explore psychological education on poor colege students,that is to achieve a comprehensive personnel training by giving them human,caring and psychological relief


This documentary research paper aims to identify the presence of bioethics, or Bioethics related themes, as subject matter in undergraduate nursing courses of Brazilian Federal Universities. As basic inclusion criteria for the sample selection, only the universities which provided the Pedagogical Political Projects of the Nursing Courses online were included. We identified in the collected results from 16 institutions (27%), which met the criteria, that eight Universities have Bioethics as curriculum component or specific theme (50% of the total number) of, and that there is no teaching of Bioethics or related themes, in the other eight universities. Seven of these Universities (43.75%) address the following issues: ethics, nursing law, nursing practice and deontology. And one university (6.25%) does not address the issue. It is concluded that the subject matter bioethics and/or related themes are not present in all curricula of the Nursing courses in Brazilian Federal Universities identified in this study. The lack of curricular standardization in relation to the offer of the subject leads to the conclusion that the professional training in nursing is impaired and that it also established discrepancy among courses offered by different institutions.


SUMMARY In this study, a group of recent law articles was examined to determine the proportion of cited resources that are easily findable online. Searches were conducted in databases such as LEXIS and Westlaw, and on the Internet, for full-text versions of every source cited in seven articles. The results have been broken down into 13 categories, including "federal cases," "books," "foreign law," and "legal periodicals pre-1990." Not surprisingly, coverage differs widely between the categories. Overall, the study found that 77% of the 1,984 citations in the articles reviewed are available online. The article concludes with a general discussion of why the percentage is likely to increase in the future.


Abstract A many-body potential model based on the second moment of the tight-binding approximation is proposed for computer simulation of lattice defects in Zn. The constructed potential satisfactorily reproduces the experimental data: cohesive energy, equilibrium lattice constants, vacancy formation energy and elastic constants, except C 33. Mechanical and structural stability has been ensured and the stacking-fault energy has been determined to be close to the lower end of experimental estimates. As an application of the model, the monovacancy migration energies and the formation energy of single self-interstitials are calculated. A significant anisotropy of vacancy migration and a low value of interstitial formation energy is found, in full accordance with the results of previous experimental and theoretical studies. The shortcomings of spherically symmetric potentials applied to the hcp metals with c/a ratios strongly deviating from the ideal value are discussed.


We consider levitation of an axisymmetric drop of molten glass above a spherical porous mould through which air is injected at a constant velocity. Owing to the viscosity contrast, the float height for a given shape is established on a much shorter time scale than the subsequent deformation of the drop under gravity, surface tension and the underlying lubrication pressure. Equilibrium shapes, in which an internal hydrostatic pressure is coupled to the external lubrication pressure through the total curvature and the Young–Laplace equation, are determined using a numerical continuation scheme. The set of solution branches is surprisingly complicated and shows a rich bifurcation structure in the parameter space (Bo=ρgV2/3/γ, Ca=μav/γ), where Bo is bond number and Ca is capillary number, ρ and V are the drop density and volume, γ the surface tension, μa the air viscosity and v the injection velocity. The linear stability of equilibria is determined using a boundary-integral representation for drop deformation that factors out the rapid vertical adjustment of the float height. The results give good agreement with time-dependent simulations. For sufficiently large Ca there are intervals of Bo for which there are no stable solutions and, as Ca increases, these intervals grow and merge. The region of stability decreases as the mould radius aM increases with an approximate scaling Ca~aM−5, which imposes practical limitations on the use of this geometry for the manufacture of lenses.


Continuing care from pregnancy to infant as a part of comprehensive regional health services is discussed. Mother-infant care given at Yukigini Yamato General Hospital consists of the following: health guidance at the midwifery outpatient clinic care and management of breasts at the outpatient clinic and home visiting counseling through home visiting participation in newborns check-ups expectant mothers classes and OB ward duties. At the midwifery outpatient clinic physical check-ups and public health counseling are given. If necessary the patients are referred to a doctor a dietitian or a public health nurse for further examination or consultation. Through home visiting mother/infant care is given on the basis of observation and counseling. Demand for assistance in the care of breasts for nursing is especially great among the novice. Family planning is included in the postpartum education. Additional information is available on request at the hospital or at home by appointment on an individual basis. The baby check-up system represents a unique feature of continuing care from pregnancy to infant. In addition to the hospital nursing staff a regional public health nurse a pediatric nurse and the midwife who witnessed pregnancy and birth also participate in 4 and 10 month baby check-ups.


In this contribution, we present a proxy-server architecture for multimedia wireless, packet-oriented, communications. In particular, we focus the attention on the scheduling management of the proxy: the goal is to dynamically allocate the available bandwidth resource to several users, minimizing the perceptual quality loss. This problem has been addressed by Girod et al.; in this proposal we extend their approach by accounting for the quality loss produced by the pauses caused by the refill of the playout buffer.


The invention relates to a device (1) for depositing a material (2) on a surface (36) of a member (31) outside. The main characteristic of a deposition apparatus according to the invention is that it includes a roller (26) mobile in rotation and of the carrier material (2) to be deposited, and means (9, 11, 12, 15, 16 ) guide adapted to cooperate with the element (31), for positioning said device (1) on said element (31) and to control its displacement along it.


Forecasting of extreme events and their impacts on the human habitat requires profound understanding of the triggering mechanisms and recurrence intervals. Since instrumental time series rarely exceed a century, geo-archives are adequate tools to examine such events on longer time scales and under different climate boundary conditions. Annually laminated (varved) lake sediments are continuous high-resolution archives of climate and environmental variability. Flood-triggered sediment fluxes of detrital catchment material into these lakes allow establishing an event stratigraphy with seasonal resolution. Precise time control of these events can be obtained by varve counting. Lake Ammersee in the alpine foreland is an ideal site for the reconstruction of long time series of flood frequencies. The annually laminated sediments enable precise dating and reliable detection of even microscopic flood layers by their sedimentological and geochemical characteristics. The seasonality of each layer can be determined by the micro-stratigraphic position within a varve. Instrumental and historical flood data of the main tributary River Ammer can be used for calibrating the palaeoflood-record. The existing high-resolution Holocene palaeotemperature reconstruction derived from ostracods in Lake Ammersee sediments (von Grafenstein et al., 1999) facilitates the discussion of changes in flood frequency patterns in relation to changes in climate boundary conditions. A combination of micro-facies analyses and high-resolution element scanning (μ-XRF) allowed reconstructing a seasonal 450-year time series of flood layers in two varved sediment cores from Lake Ammersee. A comparison between instrumental River Ammer runoff and weather regimes (Großwetterlagen) data distinguished five main flood-prone weather regimes triggering 71% of extreme Ammer flood events. The agreement of the flood layer record with flood-prone weather regimes and the correlation of flood layer frequency with solar activity suggest changes in mid-latitude atmospheric dynamics related to solar variability.


Variability in the structure of the meiobenthic copepod communities was studied among three vent sites on the East Pacific Rise. One of the sites was dominated by the mussel Bathymodiolus thermophilus, and the other two of the sites were dominated by the tubeworm Riftia pachyptila. In addition to the differences in the dominant megafauna, the maximum temperatures were much lower at the mussel-dominated sites, and the temperature to sulfide ratio was different between the tubeworm-dominated sites. A total of 22 vent endemic siphonostomatoid copepod species and 5 harpacticoid copepod species were identified among the three sites. Copepod abundance was low at all sites (< 1-31 ind. 10 cm -2 ). Species richness ranged from 6-14, Shannon-Wiener diversity indices from 1.3-2.3, and Pielou's evenness indices between 0.6-0.9 were found. Differences were detected in abundance and Shannon-Wiener diversity between the mussel site and one tube- worm site. Multivariate analyses pointed to a relative homogenous mussel bed community and a heterogenous tubeworm community. The majority of species were primary consumers feeding on detritus. Both copepod sexes and, for the first time, all copepodite stages were detected in the samples.


is created by immigrants, many thousands from undeveloped countries, to whom sophisticated urban systems are very confusing. It would not be surprising if their need for social workers to advise and refer were greater than ours. In our country, the important thing is for current practice and potential demand to be estimated in widely differing localities. (Readers may need to be reminded how small Israel is, relative to Great Britain; it is perhaps the size of Wales.) Such considerations lead us to consider the type of skill and training which 'brokerage' activities require. We should challenge the assumption that this is inherently a less skilled activity requiring a lower level of training, and therefore of lower prestige, a view which seems implicit in Jaffe's paper. This may be so but before deciding this we must finally rid ourselves of a case work mythology in which "counselling" is not simply different but higher in the hier archy of social work goals. What is certain is that some workers will be better suited by temperament to what might be described as the more extraverted activity of 'brokerage', especially if that comes increasingly to include advocacy, others to the delicacy of individual and family counselling. It is vital there should be opportunities for both to exercise and deepen their skills. ULIVE bTEVENSON


Abstract The aging population has become a crucial demographic trend worldwide, as it poses both economic and sustainable challenges to governments and societies. And, ostensibly, this unprecedented increase in the senior demographic is currently unfolding in East African nations, primarily, due to substantial advancements in the healthcare system and the commendable support and promotion of education within the region. In this context, the current article examines the relationship between the aging population, ecological footprint, consumption of renewable energy, governmental healthcare expenditures, trade, and urbanization within the context of the Republic of Djibouti. To investigate the data and explore the dynamics and interactions among variables, a comprehensive approach was employed, which involved utilizing an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model, a Granger causality test, and both an impulse response function (IRF) and variance decomposition (VD) analyses. According to the ARDL findings, urbanization has a positive relationship with an aging population. In contrast, the health sector expenditures demonstrated a negative association with the elderly population in Djibouti. This indicates an alarming scenario where government spending on elderly care fails to effectively meet the specific needs of seniors due to insufficient funding, bureaucratic inefficiencies, and inadequate program implementation. Consequently, this leads to a significant gap in coverage for a large portion of the elderly population. On the other hand, it is worth noting that the well-being of the elderly population in Djibouti sees only a slight improvement influenced by the trade performance variable. Nonetheless, this positive impact is somewhat hindered by the lack of sufficient financial inclusion measures that should have ideally been driven by trade-related activities. Moreover, the study's IRF and VR highlight a positive shock between the consumption of renewable energy and the well-being of the elderly population. Nevertheless, it is of utmost importance to recognize the detrimental impact of the ecological footprint, which significantly undermines the overall well-being of the aging population. Therefore, policymakers must carefully weigh and benefit the simultaneous effect of the advantages of renewable energy consumption on the environment, and on the well-being of the elderly population. It is also essential to emphasize the need to devise more inclusive policies that can comprehensively address this issue and improve the welfare of the elderly demographic.


Against this positive backdrop, both of Switzerland's big banks remain on track to meet the requirements of the 'too big to fail' regulations with respect to resilience. This first pillar of the regulations covers requirements pertaining to the going-concern loss-absorbing capacity of systemically important banks. Both Credit Suisse and UBS already comply fully with the final1, risk-weighted requirements. However, further improvement is needed with respect to the leverage ratio.


This research aims at figuring out what are problems faced by students when dub adapted visual novel from English to English and to know the solution coping the problems. This is descriptive qualitative research where the object is a SPARRING group consisting of 10 mentees and 2 mentor. The data gathered through observation, interview and document analysis. The results indicate that mentee tend to have improper understanding of the original story, difficulties in having clear recording, hard to pronounce words correctly and finally, making inconsistent emergence between the voice and the writing.


From the Publisher:
This is not only a continuation of Who's Afraid of C++, a basic introduction to the C++ programming language, but a guide for developing serious C++ programs. In Who's Afraid of More C++ the reader will be introduced to the development of realistic applications with C++, not just "toy" examples which often mask the more complex and challenging aspects of software engineering with C++ and preparing the reader for real world programming success. Who's Afraid of More C++ also introduces readers to difficult C++ topics such as inheritance, polymorphism, and the effective use of pointers.


A simulation model is developed for the piston ring–cylinder liner lubrication problem in a CO2 refrigeration reciprocating compressor. Patir and Cheng's modified Reynolds equation including pressure flow factors, shear flow factors, and shear stress factors is used to consider the effect of surface roughness on lubrication. The piston ring is assumed to be fully flooded at the leading edge, and both the cavitation case and fully flooded case are considered at the trailing edge. Modified Reynolds boundary condition is employed. The simulation results show that, the minimum oil film thickness has a maximum magnitude in the middle stroke region for downward stroke and upward stroke. In the vicinity of the dead centres, the magnitude of the friction force is much higher than that in the middle stroke region. The oil film pressure distribution along the piston ring thickness at different specified crank angles is indicated. The effects of ring thickness, crown height on minimum oil film thickness, and friction force are also investigated.


The use of series compensation in transmission line with capacitors may results the new problems like torsional oscillations in shaft sections of turbine-generator due to subsynchronous resonance (SSR), when system frequency matches with any one of torsional mode frequency of shaft system during fault or disturbances occurs in the transmission line. The subsynchronous current due to SSR during fault also affects the reach of a distance protection system. The diminution of SSR is enhanced by series voltage injection in to the power transmission line with static synchronous series compensator (SSSC) from the knowledge of subsynchronous components, extracted from the system. The use of SSSC in transmission line reduces the subsynchronous oscillations but it adversely affects the distance protection system leads to imprecise assessment of fault location i.e. over or under-reach. This paper investigates the SSR mitigation in presence of SSSC and its effect on distance protection scheme. A new approach is proposed for mitigating the problems associated with distance protection by using the synchrophasor measurement. The entire study of simulation is investigated by using a 48-pulseSSSC carried out with Bergeron model of transmission line in PSCAD. The simulation results represents that the suggested adaptive scheme is truthful, reliable and secure with change in compensation level of SSSC. Key wordsAdaptive distance relay, Distance relay, Phasor measurement unit (PMU), SSR, SSSC, voltage source converter (VSC).


The loading roller number and maximum stress of the bearings can not be calculated accurately through conventional methods because support manner of the roller bearings used in rolling mill is different from that of the roller bearings used in conventional condition. Based on characteristic of the bearings, the model of the bearing is made combining contact mechanics with finite element method. The loading roller number and maximum stress of the bearings are calculated through FEA. The work of this paper offers a reference to design and manufacture this kind of bearings.


In this study, the
catalyst composition in binary ZnO-Al2O3 catalyst was
initially evaluated and optimized for methanol steam reforming. Then different
Na contents were loaded by an incipient wetness impregnation method onto the
optimized ZnAl catalyst. It was found that the activity was greatly enhanced by
the modification of Na, which depended on the Na content in the catalyst. The
methanol conversion was 96% on a 0.1 Na/0.4 ZnAl catalyst (GHSV = 14,040 h-1, S/C = 1.4,
350°C), which was much higher with respect to a Na-free 0.4 ZnAl catalyst
(74%). The remarkable improvement of activity was attributed to a weakening of
the C-H bonds and clear of hydroxyl group by the Na dopant leading to an
accelerated dehydrogenation of the reaction intermediates formed on ZnAl2O4 spinel surface and thus the overall reaction.


OBJECTIVE
This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of transdermal and oral estrogen replacement therapy in healthy postmenopausal women on markers of coagulation and fibrinolysis associated with coronary artery disease.

STUDY DESIGN
In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study, healthy hysterectomized postmenopausal women received daily either placebo (n=49), transdermal 17beta-estradiol (E(2)) 50 microg (tE(2) group, n=33), oral E(2) 1 mg (oE(2) group, n=37), or oral E(2) 1 mg combined with gestodene 25 microg (oE(2)+G group, n=33) for thirteen 28-day treatment cycles. Hemostatic variables were measured in blood samples collected at baseline and in cycles 4 and 13.

RESULTS
No significant changes versus baseline and placebo were found in the tE(2) group, except for plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 (PAI-1) in cycle 13 (-32.4%, P=.01). In the oE(2) group, significant percentage changes from baseline versus placebo in cycle 13 were found in fibrinogen, -5.4% (P<.05); factor VII, -7.3% (P<.05); thrombin-antithrombin III complexes, -13.3% (P<.05); tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), -17.3% (P<.001); and PAI-1, -54.3% (P<.001). In the oE(2)+G group, respective changes were factor VII, -17.6% (P<.001); t-PA, -14.5% (P=.01); PAI-1, -36.4% (P<.01); and D-dimer, +21.8% (P<.05). No significant changes were observed in prothrombin fragment 1+2 and plasmin-alpha(2)-antiplasmin complexes.

CONCLUSION
Low-dose oral estradiol therapy was associated with an increase in fibrinolysis and small decreases in procoagulant variables. Transdermal therapy had minor effects.


Nickel-based alloys are used for various applications such as in automobiles, superalloys and ship making. Their stability in acidic environments, however, is often not sufficient due to their native oxide films not withstanding harsh conditions. Carbon-based materials, in contrast, have shown high stability in acidic environments. In the present work, 4,5-diphenyl-imidazole-functionalized carbon nanotubes were investigated as a corrosion-inhibiting barrier layer on nickel alloy surfaces. We studied the corrosion inhibition efficiency of the imidazole-functionalized carbon nanotubes coated on nickel alloys. The materials were characterized using microscopy and spectroscopy methods. DFT studies were performed as well. The corrosion inhibition was evaluated using electrochemical methods. The imidazole-functionalized CNTs were shown to be crystalline and to have tubular structures. They displayed excellent corrosion inhibition on the nickel alloy surface.


Cataract and age-related macular degeneration (AMD) often present concurrently in aged persons. There has been a longstanding controversy among clinicians as to whether cataract surgery is contraindicated in eyes with AMD. Most of previous researches indicated that cataract surgery could accelerate the progression of AMD. However recently studies suggested that cataract surgery improved visual function of the patients and didn't accelerate the progression of AMD. These are related to the development of cataract surgery and the using of phacoemulsification technique.


Children's picture books are anything but neutral. As culture moves ahead, technology within society gives and it takes away. The purpose of this paper is to explore how changes in the foundational patterns of life can be seen through the pages of a picture book, and how patterns of recognized change become harbingers of a quasi-prophetic voice pertaining to the future. Through a modified content comparative analysis coupled with the learning heuristic of epistemological shudders (Charteris, 2014), this paper examines three older children's picture books and their revisions in a later decade. In evidence of the resultant cultural changes, questions emerge. What view of culture, both past and current, do children's stories portray? How has writing in a picture book changed the perception of child and adult relationships? Results consider the perception of the family/child relationship, and what is now perceived to be a typical family life. This investigation reveals some interesting ground to be held as part of an overarching narrative, not just through the historical evidence of picture books, but within the larger fabric of hope and direction for future readers who may experience a cultural worldview that encourages them to become the stories they tell.


Robots are now becoming a part of our daily life and acting ordinary tasks much more professionally and swiftly. Robotics as a subdivision of engineering deals with proposal, structure, procedure, and submission of robots. Their mobility is as efficient as the control signal. Humans can achieve extremely accurate tasks without much effort. This project objective at giving the same mobility to the robotic arm so that it can perform tasks precisely in an environment not accessible or suitable for humans, remotely using solar energy source and the RF pair to control the robot wirelessly .The automated arm so far composed can lift the items, with a specific end goal to broaden its capacity, further developed a framework to be utilized. We infer that the proposed framework works legitimately as the order is given. The proposed framework works on Keys, according to the key is squeezed the separate piece of the arms move. The Electronic Circuit, to which the keys are associated, comprises of Arduino and RF transmitter. On squeezing specific key, we see the consequential progress on the framework. Arduino recommends bearing development to the engine and mechanical arm conferring to the information got by Arduino by means of RF recipient. A sustainable power source is exploited for control up to the Robot arm unit; sun-powered board changes over daylight into electrical vitality.


relatively infrequent in I7th-century Italy, where the more typical chamber music consisted of three or more written parts. However, the violin sonata did originate in Italy during the first decades of the I7th century, and its history to 1700 (the date of Corelli's solo violin sonatas, Opus V, Sonate a Violino e Violone o Cimbalo), though modest in extent, reflects a steady development, which profited from the great strides in technique learned in the more richly cultivated field of the trio sonata. Before proceeding to a discussion of this solo literature, it is necessary to clarify certain ambiguities in a nomenclature which, during the I7th century, is never scrupulously consistent. Just as no invariable distinction between the sonata, sinfonia, canzona, concerto, capriccio, and ricercata of the early I7th century can be maintained2, so are the very terms sonata a uno or sonata a tre often misleading. The distinctive designation, solo or trio sonata, must not be considered as applying to the number of instruments participating. A trio sonata may be intended for two instruments, as is Biagio Marini's Sonata for violin and organ, Opus VIII, 1626, in which the organ has two written parts; for four instruments, as the usual I 7th-century title specifies, Sonata a tre, due violini e violoncello (o violone) col basso continuo per l'organo (o cembalo); or even for five instruments, as in G. B. Bononcini's Sinfonie a tre ... Opus IV, i686, for which there are five part-books -first and second violin, 'cello, theorbo, and organ. It is rarely intended for three instruments alone. Similarly, the sonata a uno stromento may be meant for two instruments-violin and keyboard-, or, as more often happens, for three, in which case, a 'cello or violone doubles the bass line. Even a consistent identification of the trio sonata with three


Minimising the prevalence of cardiac diseases is key for breeders of dogs and cats, but is breed screening efficient and successful enough to allow the veterinary profession to provide them with advice? This issue was considered in an interactive panel discussion during a 'Controversies in cardiology' stream at this year's BSAVA congress. Georgina Mills reports


Inventors: Megan Shaw, New York, NY (US); Peter Palese, Leonia, NJ (US); Adolfo Garcia-Sastre, New York, NY (US); Silke Stertz, Zurich (CH); John Young, San Diego, CA (US); Renate König, San Diego, CA (US); Sumit Chanda, La Jolla, CA (US) Assignees: Icahn School of Medicine at Mounta Sinai, New York, NY (US); Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA (US); Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute, La Jolla, CA (US) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 36 days.


Drosera monticola (Lowrie & N.G.Marchant) Lowrie was first described as Drosera stolonifera Endl. subsp. monticola Lowrie & N.G.Marchant in 1992 (Lowrie & Marchant 1992). It was raised to species status as Drosera monticola by Lowrie (2005). However, this combination is a nomen invalidum under Art. 33.4 of the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (McNeill et al. 2006) because the page number given for the basionym was incorrectly quoted as 'pages 323–332' (the pagination range of the whole paper), rather than 'page 326' (the page of the basionym's protologue). This oversight is hereby rectified and the combination Drosera monticola formally validated.


...................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................. ix LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................x LIST OF EQUATIONS ..................................................................................................... xi LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... xii CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................1 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW ......................................................................5 Agility: Physical or Cognitive Training? .................................................................5 Using Muscular Strength-Training to Improve Athletic Performance ....................5 Relationship between Muscular Strength and COD ................................................6 A More Specific Exercise? ......................................................................................9 Specific Strength-Training Transferring to Athletic Skills ....................................10 Muscles used during COD athletic skills ...............................................................11 Specific Exercises Designed to Target Muscles Used in COD .............................11 MSLS and COD Performance ...............................................................................13 Analyzing Change of Direction Movement ...........................................................14 Force Vector Theory ..............................................................................................17


This article analyzes the author's style and the translator's style by presenting the English detective novelist James Hadley Chase's "Come easy go easy" in translation. The models and scales of Chinese linguists and translators Leich, Semino and Short were effectively used in their analysis.


The deceleration patterns following a leap by the Calanoid copepod, Labidoceru trispinosn were used to determine the parameters k and n in the proposed drag law Co = k( Rc )-" where CD is the drag coefficient and Re is the Reynolds number. This relation was used to calculate the rate of energy expenditure in constant velocity swimming and in acceIerating from rest to a given velocity. At the velocities and accelerations observed, assuming 1000/o metabolic and propulsive efficiency, the rate of energy expenditure is slightly greater than 0.1% of the basal metabolic rate. It was also shown that at the swimming speeds observed during vertical migrations, the rate of energy expenditure is slightly less than 0.3% of the basal metabolic rate.


ties in 5/6 MBL patients. Moreover, trisomy 12 and deletions of 13q14, 11q, and 17p have been detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) in CLL-like MBL patients [2] . We studied an 82-year-old woman with persistent lymphocytosis detected in March 2005 that required no treatment. During this time, her peripheral blood lymphocyte counts oscillated between 3.0 and 4.8 ! 10 9 /l. A bone marrow aspirate was hypocellular, with 28% normoblasts, 20% mature granulocytes, 16% myelocytes and metamyelocytes, 26% mature lymphocytes, 4% plasmatic cells, 2% eosinophils, 2% blast cells, and 2% reticular cells. The patient tested negative for chronic infectious diseases such as hepatitis A, B, and C, cytomegalovirus, Epstein Barr virus, parvovirus, and toxoplasmosis. Neither adenopathy nor hepatosplenomegaly was detected in the course of periodic clinical visits and imaging analyses. Flow cytometric analysis of bone marrow cells was performed with 2 panels of markers. The first panel included markers compatible with T cell phenotype that were consistently negative (CD1a – , CD2 – , CD3 – , CD4 – , CD5 – , CD7 – , CD8 – , CD11c – , CD43 – , CD56 – , and CD57 – ). The second panel designed to identify B cell phenotypes Monoclonal B cell lymphocytosis (MBL) is a condition characterized by the absence of clinical and hematological manifestations except for the presence of a clonal B cell population with a count ! 5.0 ! 10 9 /l [1–3] . Three categories of MBL have been recognized according to the immunophenotype of clonal cells: chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL)-like (CD5 + , CD23 + ), atypical CLL (CD5 + , CD23 – ), and non-CLL (CD5 – ) [1–3] . The most frequent form of MBL is CD5 + , with a prevalence of 0.14–12% in the general population [2, 3] , while only 1% of individuals in the general population exhibit MBL with the CD5 – phenotype [2] . MBL is associated with a preclinical phase of lymphoproliferative disorders; Landgren et al. [4] reported its previous existence in 44 of 45 patients diagnosed as having CLL, 6 months to 6 years before the clinical symptoms appeared. The risk of progression for individuals with CD5 – non-CLL MBL is not well determined, but this disorder is associated with non-Hodgkin lymphoma [2, 3] . There are few chromosomal studies of MBL patients. Han et al. [5] reported no chromosome abnormalities in 6 cases without progression, but abnormal karyotypes were observed in 3/9 MBL patients with disease progression. Amato et al. [6] also found cytogenetic abnormaliReceived: March 10, 2010 Accepted after revision: July 31, 2010 Published online: October 21, 2010


The two-stage dry desulfurization process for coke oven gas is set forward.A cheap desulphurizer for converter sludge can remove over 90% hydrogen sulphide in the first stage and TG series high-efficiency molding desulphurizers are used in the second stage.The practice shows that there is stable operation in the second stage process and H2S content in discharged gas is less than 10 mg/m3.


In this study, an appropriate commercial biomass briquetting machine suitable for use in rural communities was designed and constructed, and the performance evaluation carried out using sawdust. The physical and combustion properties of the briquette were determined at varying biomass-binder ratios of 100:15, 100:25, 100:35 and 100:45 using cassava starch as the binding agent. Both the physical and combustion properties of the briquette were significantly affected by the binder level (P < 0.05). The optimum biomass-binder ratio on the basis of the compressed density was attained at the 100:25 blending ratio having a compressed density of 0.7269g/cm and a heating value of 27.17MJKg while the optimum blending ratio on the basis of the heating value was attained at the 100:35 blending ratio with a compressed density of 0.7028g/cm. It was concluded that the heating values at the optimum biomass-binder ratios were sufficient to produce heat required for household cooking and small scale industrial cottage applications. The biomass briquetting machine had a production capacity of about 43kg/hr. Keywords—Appropriate technology, biomass, briquetting, binder level.


Recent advancements in modeling and information management for products have facilitated for engineers to cope with new challenges such as high number of product variants, short innovation cycles, high quality requirements, and severe competition. Key technologies such as integrated product modeling, knowledge based recording and application of experience and expertise, and product data management (PDM) have gained every day application in engineering. New paradigm of product lifecycle management (PLM) has been encountered in order to establish a highly integrated environment for the product engineering process from first idea to recycling. In the meantime, virtual world of PLM gains more and more communications with physical environments, utilizing time and geographical site independence of the Internet. In this talk, main concept for integrated information and knowledge representation, world of virtual products and prototyping, role and place of humans in intelligent engineering systems, trend towards wide application of engineering experience entities, and cooperation between virtual and physical worlds are presented. As one of the purposes of this talk, latest advancements in current leading industrial engineering systems are considered.


This paper presents a curriculum intervention intentionally designed to align with Next Generation Science Standards in the high-school biology classroom. The project emphasizes learning about complex systems through an agent-based modeling tool called StarLogo Nova. Five curricular units have been developed on the topics of enzymes, ecology, protein synthesis, gene regulation, and sugar transport. In this exploratory study we were interested in understanding the extent to which students demonstrated understanding and skills in NGSS areas as they were designed. Evidence is gleaned from classroom observations and interviews with 50 students selected from the larger population of 352 students who worked with project resources during the 2013-2014 school year. Findings revealed that students demonstrated understanding and skills in all NGSS scientific practices and crosscutting themes particularly in the areas of developing and using models, analyzing and interpreting data, cause and effect, and systems and system models.


An equivalent zero-dispersion wavelength distribution of a DSF span is derived from degenerate FWM measurements and genetic algorithm optimization. The resulting distribution forms the input to channel allocation routines which maximize capacity on FWM-limited fibers.


High cis -1,4 -polybutadiene has been used to prepare toughened polystyrene in an attempt to improve its low temperature impact properties. A range of physical and mechanical properties was obtained by keeping the amount of rubber and the polymerization conditions constant, and varying the rate of agitation in a purpose -built reactor system. Although a good balance of tensile and impact properties is obtained at room temperature, the rubber partially crystallizes when the polyblends are cooled to below −40°C. This should decrease the efficiency of rubber particles to create and terminate crazes. However, it is significant that the developed crystallinity decreases with the rubber phase volume, and is suppressed almost completely at about 21% rubber phase volume (RPV). The factors influencing the RPV are discussed, and a study of the phase inversion with three different types of rubber shows that its duration depends on the viscosity of the styrene/rubber system.


The community service aims at training the internship medical doctor on effective communication for doctor-patient narrative inquiry on TBC. This workshop was held due to need for the achievement on TBC contact investigation. Four-step training was conducted including exposure to effective communication and narrative inquiry, focus group discussion on problems and alternative solutions, peer doctor-patient communication practice, and reflection. The results of the current community service reveal that the achievement on TBC investigation rises due to the internship medical doctors willingness to do the follow through of the program. They have initially followed the standard norms of doctor-patient communication, and even improve their method of communication by utilizing their knowledge and understanding of the conversational maxims and use it in the narrative inquiry on TBC.


Relevance feedback, which modifies queries using judgements of the relevance of a few, highly-ranked documents, has historically been an important method for increasing the performance of information retrieval systems. In this paper, we extend the inference network model introduced by Turtle and Croft to include relevance feedback techniques. The difference between relevance feedback on text abstracts and full text collections is studied. Preliminary results for relevance feedback on the structured queries supported by the inference net model are also reported.


Guilin's construction of new countryside has made certain achievements in the promotion of agriculture and rural economic development,farmers' income and quality of life,rural development planning,management,promotion of democracy.However,there are also some questions that conclude shorting of the consciousness among farmers,slowing and unbalanced in economic development,being inadequate in the infrastructural facilities,lagged in cultural issues and so on.Therefore,we should bring into full play the main role of farmers;actively develop modern agriculture,increase agricultural production capacity;University students will be encouraged to participate in the new rural development;improve the quality of farmers through training;promote culture and civilization.


The aim of this study was to evaluate the functional and clinical outcome following medial patello-femoral ligament reconstruction using autogenous hamstring tendon grafts for patellar instability. Over a 4 year period the senior author operated on 35 patients for lateral instability of the patella. The predominant initiating event was a sporting injury. Each patient had either failed conservative management including physiotherapy, or failed surgical management including tibial tuberosity transfer. Post-operatively, all patients were allowed full flexion and extension. Sporting activity was restricted until 4-6 months post-operatively. Patients were evaluated clinically and functionally. The Fulkerson score was utilised pre- and post-operatively. The minimum follow-up was 6 months, the mean follow-up was 20 months. There were 18 males and 17 females. The mean age was 24.6 years. The mean pre-operative Fulkerson score was 59.3 (range 6-100). The mean post-operative Fulkerson score was 83.6 (range 25-100), the mean improvement was 24.3. 24 patients returned to sporting activities. The main complications were one patient with a patella fracture that was stabilised with internal fixation, one patient requiring exploration and reinforcing the ligament which had attenuated. Both patients finally had a good clinical outcome. Our study has shown that symptomatic lateral instability of the patella can be effectively treated with a medial patello-femoral ligament reconstruction and result in overall good clinical and functional outcome. We would recommend this technique.


Information technology is gradually making an impact on the organization of interlending. Bibliographic access is improving but document delivery has not kept pace. Rapid developments in electronic publishing and optical disc technology are likely to change this, although cost will be a barrier for the immediate future. Telefacsimile transmission has become a quicker and more reliable means of document delivery. Optical discs can not only store information but can be indexed and searched, and would achieve rapid document delivery, with the production of hard copy for users. It is doubtful, however, whether most users want fast supply, and whether it is worth the extra cost. The concept of copyright may need reviewing in the light of electronic media. Payment will be required for every use, and libraries could be bypassed. Optical discs and associated equipment may themselves be shared among libraries. ILL departments as such may no longer be needed, because the operations will be absorbed in line function...


To identify the English pronunciation errors made by Chinese learners, this paper utilizes uni-directional microphones to construct a superdirective beamformer for capturing high quality input speech, and integrates the techniques of anti-model and confidence measure into the speech recognizer for accurate identification of the speaker's pronunciation errors. As to the beamformer, although designing a superdirective beamformer using omni-directional microphones is widely reported, little work details the designing using uni-directional microphones. We integrate the transfer function of the uni-directional microphones into the signal model of the beamformer, and derive the expression of the superdirective beamformer under the diffuse noise assumption. As to the speech recognizer, an anti-model for each phone is trained from the training data excluding the tokens of that phone. By integrating these anti-models into the recognition network, the recognizer can align the user's speech with the prompted text more accurately. Confidence measure is utilized to judge whether a segment of utterance is mis-pronounced. To justify the proposed techniques, simulated noises are injected into utterances provided by some Chinese undergraduates in Nankai University. Recognition results are compared with the judgment made by several English linguistic experts. Experiment result shows the effectiveness of the proposed beamforming algorithm and the recognition techniques.


Two retrofitted subsea fiber optic strain monitoring systems have been deployed in recent months, with installation accomplished by remotely operated vehicles (ROVs).


There are a number of recent exciting developments in the Johannesburg alternative art scene. Alternative or experimental art spaces often exist as an alternative to commercial galleries and government or privately funded galleries as well as museums. They are therefore governed through a different set of rules, rules that often aim to transgress the institutional. These spaces, including the Parking Gallery, the Keleketla! Library and arguably the Wits School of Art's Substation gallery, invite debates about alternative art programming, collaborative art making and the necessity of institutional funding in order to maintain such spaces. In addition to these questions, it is pertinent to first determine what it is that classifies a space as alternative.


The purpose of this study was to find the effects of electronic hogu experience factor on self-efficacy and athletic performance. The subjects were taekwondo players who had experience in taekwondo competition. 361 samples out of 400 samples through convenient sampling method were adopted as a final data. We confirmed the goodness of fit test of the model, utilizing SPSS ver 18.0, and AMOS 7.0, and after which we tested each hypothesis. The results were as follows; First, feel experience of electronic hogu experience factor had a significant influence on self-efficacy. Second, act experience of electronic hogu experience factor had a significant influence on self-efficacy. Third, relate experience of electronic hogu experience factor had a significant influence on self-efficacy. Fourth, self-efficacy had a significant influence on athletic performance. This paper attempts to effect relation electronic hogu experience factor and self-efficacy, athletic performance of taekwondo players. Utilizing this relationship, it must establish the research model which can growth the taekwondo.


Ron Thomas, AICP, is on the planning faculty at the College of Environment and Planning at the University of Georgia, Athens, USA. Consulting on participatory regional planning for green sustainability, he is the former executive director of the Northeastern Illinois Planning Commission in the Chicago region where he guided their 2040 regional plan, winning the APA National Planning Award in 2006.


Pigs weaned at 27 d were mixed into groups of nine and exposed to constant illumination of 5 or 100 lx. Behavior was categorized every 10 min for 72 h and all fights were counted. Eating, drinking, lying and fighting patterns were similar in both light groups. The peak number of fights occurred 18–24 h post-weaning, concurrent with the major feeding episode. Ears and shoulders were scored for wounds 1 and 4 d after weaning; light intensity did not affect (P > 0.50) wound scores. Key words: Aggression, fight, light, pig, weaning, wound


An optimization model to get the optimal capacity of photovoltaic connected to the microgrid aimed at reducing the loss and satisfying the node voltage constraints is proposed. A microgrid with n nodes and n-1 feeders is taken as an example to set a linear programming model. Taking a microgrid with 11 nodes, first sensitivity analysis method is applied to determine the best location of the photovoltaic power, and then the optimal value of the PV power capacity is calculated by the Matlab programming. Finally, the curve of the relationship between loss and the capacity of the ptotovoltaic power is plotted through Matlab, which qualitatively verifies the feasibility and practicality of the method.


Reactive power management with distribution automation has proved to be revolutionary measures for distribution network operators (DNOs) and planners to facilitate improvement in technical, commercial and environmental aspects of distribution network (DN) operation in the real time scenario. A comprehensive teaching learning based optimization (CTLBO) algorithm has been employed in this work for reactive power sources allocation for reactive power management in the IEEE 69-bus radial distribution systems (RDS), with 24-hour practical load profiles. This paper demonstrates the simultaneous allocation of the capacitor and static VAr compensator (SVC) to reduce the operational cost of the distribution network. The effectiveness of the proposed work has been established in terms of network loss reduction, voltage profile improvement and cost saving.


Energy resolution and difference of maximum energy of Compton electrons from half-height of Compton edge was measured experimentally for cyclohexane and deuterated- cycloheane (C6D12) scintillators for monoenergetic gamma-rays using gamma-gamma coincidence technique. For 0.5- 1.2 MeV gamma rays, the energy resolution of C6D12 and C6H12 scintillators vary from 26.6 to 14.0 percent and 31.1 to 15.7 percent respectively. The corresponding energy difference between the maximum Compton electron energy and the half height of the Compton edge for C6D12 and C6H12 scintillators vary form 15.3 to 6.3 percent and 14.0 to 7.33 percent respectively. Energy resolution of C6D12 and C6H12 scintillators is 14-31 percent and 18-31 percent poorer than that of the identical C6D6 and C6H6 scintillators.


The class of joint decoder in fingerprinting codes is of utmost importance in theoretical papers to establish the concept of fingerprint capacity. However, no implementation supporting a large user base is known to date. This paper presents an iterative decoder which is the first attempt toward practical large-scale joint decoding. The discriminative feature of the scores benefits on one hand from the side-information of previously found users, and on the other hand, from recently introduced universal linear decoders for compound channels. Neither the code construction nor the decoder makes assumptions about the collusion size and strategy, provided it is a memoryless and fair attack. The extension to incorporate soft outputs from the watermarking layer is straightforward. An extensive experimental work benchmarks the very good performance and offers a clear comparison with previous state-of-the-art decoders.


Duroc, Meishan, Fengjing and Minzhu boars were mated to White composite gilts. Trained sensory panel evaluation and Warner-Bratzler shear force determinations were made on chops that had been aged 4 days postmortem. No differences (P > 0.05) were found in juiciness, connective tissue amount, flavor intensity, tenderness or shear force values among sire breeds. No differences (P > 0.05) were detected in cooking losses, although meat from the Duroc-sired pigs cooked at a faster (P < 0.05) rate, but required longer cooking (P < 0.05) times than that from the other sire breeds. These data indicate the introduction of currently available Chinese genetics into the U.S. swine population would have little effect on the palatability of pork loin chops.


A new set of linear oligoarylene thiol molecules, namely (4′-(Thiophen-2-yl)Biphenyl-3,5-diyl)Dimethanethiol (TBD), (4′-(Thiophen-2-yl)Biphenyl-4-yl)Methanethiol (TBM) and ([1,1′;4′,1′′]Terphenyl-3,5-diyl)Dimethanethiol (TD), were synthesized and used for functionalizing the polycrystalline gold electrodes. Such molecules differ for the number of anchoring groups (TBM vs. TBD) and the terminal rings (TD vs. TBD). As shown by electrochemical measurements, they form homogeneous and pinholes-free self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) when deposited on the gold electrode. Moreover, the wettability of the functionalized surface and the morphological changes of pentacene films grown on SAMs were investigated by contact angle and atomic force microscopy, respectively. OTFT has been used as organic gauge for investigating the metal–SAM–organic semiconductor structure. Charge carriers mobility, threshold voltage, contact resistance were measured in both air and vacuum to assess the influence of the anchoring groups and the terminal rings to the transistor performance. Although these SAMs do not show an improvement of mobility due to an increase of contact resistance, they allow a better modulation of the current flowing across the electrode–organic semiconductor (OS) interface, pointing out the structural differences between the three SAMs in terms of resistance drop combined with the critical voltage.


This article examines the influence of jazz in John Adams's oeuvre. Adams's interest in jazz has shaped his compositional output, developing in tandem with the minimalist traits apparent throughout his works. Part 1 chronicles Adams's early encounters with touring jazz bands during
 his formative years. Following his formal studies, Adams turned to the music of Duke Ellington as inspiration for "Sentimentals" (1973), a work that precedes his initial experimentation with minimalism. His interest in jazz has en dured throughout his compositional career, as evidenced by
 jazz references found in work titles, program notes, and anecdotal accounts from his interviews. Part 2 reframes the vocabulary of Adams's harmonic structures, particularly those subsequent to Nixon in China (1987), using a jazz-oriented approach. Timothy A. Johnson's theoretical model
 designed for the examination of Adams's harmony provides a means of comparison between a classical approach and a jazz perspective. I explore Adams's in corporation of jazz harmonic idioms, which emerge prominently soon after Nixon. I then consider how works from the 1990s onward exhibit
 a synthesis between jazz and post minimalism that characterizes his mature compositional style. In conclusion, I present a jazz "chord-scale" model analysis using an excerpt from Adams's City Noir (2009) to highlight the interaction between melody and harmony.


Objective To prepare polyclonal antibody against Brucella,with high titer and purity,as the diagnostic kit for brucelliasis.Methods Prepare B.melitensis 16M and B.abortus 544A antigens containing Freund adjuvant by routine method.Immunize rabbits with the prepared antigens by subcutaneous injection in various sites on back.Collect the sera of immunize rabbits for preparation of polyclonal antibody by extraction with caprylic acid-ammonium sulfate and purification with HiTrap Protein G HP affinity chromatography.Identify the purified antibody by SDS-PAGE,then determine its titer,protein content and IgG content by ELISA,ultraviolet spectroscopy and AlphaScreen Rabbit IgG Detection Kit respectively,and calculate its purity.Results SDS-PAGE showed that the relative molecular weight of prepared antibody was identical to that expected.The titer,protein content,IgG content and purity of antibody against B.melitensis 16M were 1:25 600,11.32 mg/ml,10.45 mg/ml and 92.3%,and those of antibody against B.abortus 544A were 1:51 200,14.03 mg/ml,13.12 mg/ml and 93.5% respectively.Conclusion The polyclonal antibodies against Brucella,with high titer and purity,were successfully prepared.It laid a foundation of development of method for detection of Brucella.


Serial studies have been designed to examine the in‐field regeneration of bone marrow in rabbit limbs treated with various fractionated dose schedules of irradiation. The total dose levels ranged from 2,000‐5,000 rads with doses of 200 rads/day to 1000 rads/week. This schedule was followed to simulate the clinical setting. A double marker of 99mTc‐S colloid and 59Fe was employed to measure the activity in the reticuloendothelium (RE) and erythron compartments. The results of these studies are at variance with the published animal data which utilized single exposures and indicated that suppression of bone marrow is permanant at doses exceeding 2,000 rads. The presented evidence indicates that bone marrow tolerance is greater for fractionated dose irradiation than for single exposures to the same levels.


With phases expressed in cycles so that 0 ≤ ϕ < 1 it is possible with a single symbol x, in the range 0 to 1, to represent several phases, say m, by ϕ = nix mod (1) where i runs from 1 to m and the integers, ni, are referred to as 'magic integers'. A starting set of phases may consist of some which fix the origin and enantiomorph, some known by Σ1 relationships for example and others given magic-integer representation in terms of x, y and z. Relationships between the starting-set phases then appear in the form Hx + Ky + Lz + b ≃ 0, and maxima of the function, ψ = \sum_{r} |E1rE2rE3r| cos {2π(Hrx + Kry + Lrz + b)} , lead to sets of possible values of the unknown phases in the starting set of reflexions. By means of the magic-integer process complex structures requiring very large starting sets may be tackled. Examples of the application of the method are given.


A computer program has been developed to minimize the present worth of the electric and thermal energy costs of a manufacturing facility as a function of the type and amount of cogeneration and thermal storage it might install. The model is particularly useful in instances where the rates paid for electricity are differentiated by time of day and season. The program has been applied successfully to two large industrial facilities located in the southern United States. It simulates the optimal electricity production and thermal energy usage patterns as a function of the equipment installed in the plant over a planning horizon of 15 years, based upon a year's worth of historical data, projected load growth, and projected rates for fuel and electricity. The historical data consists of bihourly information on total electricity consumption and central station chiller electricity usage, as well as bihourly data on the plant's process steam load. Figure 1 shows a generic industrial plant with an electricity feeder and a gas or fuel oil pipiline providing the energy needs with no thermal storage or cogeneration activity. Typically, the electricity is used for a variety of purposes, including motor drive, lighting, and other processing needs. Often, especially in the summertime, electrically driven chillers are a significant portion of the overall electricity demand. The chillers are shown in the figure as a source of cold water for the plant.