A method for reproducing digital audio data in a mobile station to a PC to download the MP3 digital audio data that has been downloaded from the Internet onto a hard drive, on an adjustment to convert the parallel data from the computer to serial data for the mobile station or may be connected in reverse to the mobile station via a download program, and the method comprising the steps of: downloading the data stored in the computer MP3 audio data in a storage device of the mobile station and selectively reproducing the data stored in the memory device MP3 audio data.


In an attempt to synthesize a homologous series of peptide peresters, we investigated the reaction of the oxazol-5(4H)-ones of Pht-(Aib)n-OH (n=2–8) and tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the presence of 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine. Unexpectedly, the major product isolated in each case proved to be the peptide dialkyl peroxide. This novel class of peptide derivatives was characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, MS, cyclic voltammetry, and X-ray diffraction. On the basis of the experimental data, a plausible mechanism is proposed for this reaction.


A unified framework for velocity structure functions, sign-singular cancellation measures, multifractal measures of the energy dissipation and absolute values of the velocity derivative ("vorticity"), and the two-scale velocity structure functions is suggested. The scaling behavior of these measures within the inertial subrange is considered and tested using one-dimensional (1-D) velocity measurements from a high Re jet flow. In these tests we used the phase-randomization procedure that appears to be an effective tool in identifying the effects of turbulence intermittency and spectral energy flux. A number of relationships between turbulence scaling exponents are derived and tested.


Abstract Thirty-four anuran species in Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast (West Africa), were checked for infestation by larvae of the intradermal chigger mite, Endotrombicula pillersi (Acarina: Trombiculidae) for 5 y (1991–1995). Endotrombicula pillersi is a species-specific parasite of Phrynobatrachus francisci (Anura: Ranidae) at this site. Up to 84% of these frogs had irregular red excrescences on their ventral side, the typical symptom of chigger mite infestation. None of the other 33 sympatric anuran species was infested, with the exception of 1 individual of Bufo maculatus (Anura: Bufonidae). Local populations of P. francisci had a similar prevalence of mites in successive years, with nearby populations showing considerable differences between 1 and 227 larval mites/host. The encapsulated larval mites were densely clumped on the ventral side of the legs and near the cloacal opening of frogs. High intensities of up to 100 parasites/host caused pathological effects. Such as necrosis or rectal prolapsus. We found no change in number and position of larval mites, nor any pathological effects, in frogs with low intensities of infestation that were kept in terraria up to 3 y. Histological examinations demonstrated that the lining of capsules surrounding embedded mites consisted of connective tissue of the host dermis. Both the gnathosoma and extremities of the larval mites were embedded in the tissue of capsules.


A novel and generic approach is presented to the hardware implementation of the RSA cryptoprocessor in deep sub-micro (DSM) technology with a redesigned systolic array. With deep sub-micro technology scaling, integrated circuit performance bottleneck has shifted from logic gates to global interconnection. Besides using the systolic architecture which is popular in hardware-based RSA systems, a block-based scheme is proposed to eliminate global signals, with a pipelined bus to convey data globally. The control signals and intermediate results used for sequential multiplications are transmitted by shift registers. All signals, except for the clock signal, are limited in one block or between two adjacent blocks. The Chinese Remainder Theorem (CRT) technique increases the decryption data rate by a factor of four. Two redundant blocks are added to adapt to the on-line partition of the multiplier and the variation of the length of P and Q in CRT mode. The block-based global signal transportation scheme and the redundancy scheme are quite different from those of previous works.


PURPOSE
Dose-volume-histogram (DVH) is widely used for plan evaluation in radiation treatment. The concept of dose-mass-histogram (DMH) is expected to provide a more representative description as it accounts for heterogeneity in tissue density. This study is intended to assess the difference between DVH and DMH for evaluating treatment planning quality.

METHODS
12 lung cancer treatment plans were exported from the treatment planning system. DVHs for the planning target volume (PTV), the normal lung and other structures of interest were calculated. DMHs were calculated in a similar way as DVHs expect that the voxel density converted from the CT number was used in tallying the dose histogram bins. The equivalent uniform dose (EUD) was calculated based on voxel volume and mass, respectively. The normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in relation to the EUD was calculated for the normal lung to provide quantitative comparison of DVHs and DMHs for evaluating the radiobiological effect.

RESULTS
Large differences were observed between DVHs and DMHs for lungs and PTVs. For PTVs with dense tumor cores, DMHs are higher than DVHs due to larger mass weighing in the high dose conformal core regions. For the normal lungs, DMHs can either be higher or lower than DVHs depending on the target location within the lung. When the target is close to the lower lung, DMHs show higher values than DVHs because the lower lung has higher density than the central portion or the upper lung. DMHs are lower than DVHs for targets in the upper lung. The calculated NTCPs showed a large range of difference between DVHs and DMHs.

CONCLUSION
The heterogeneity of lung can be well considered using DMH for evaluating target coverage and normal lung pneumonitis. Further studies are warranted to quantify the benefits of DMH over DVH for plan quality evaluation.


High-speed streak and framing photography of surface flashover across solid insulators in vacuum is reported. Experiments were performed with direct and impulse voltages. It is shown that the initial propagation of a visible arc across an alumina surface in vacuum occurs at a speed greater than 109 cm ¿ s-1 . It is shown that previously observed two-stage arcs under impulse voltages are the result of the interaction between the external supply and the arc impedance.


The technique for turf establishment and management in the square of Zhejiang World Trade Center was introduced. It was proven for the first time that large area of roof turf established with cool-season turfgrasses in Zhejiang area of China is feasible.


Photofunctional compounds have emerged as critically important materials for both fundamental studies and industrial applications. Control of the thermal decoloration speed to within several seconds while sustaining satisfactory photochromic colorability is an important challenge for the application of such materials to photochromic lenses and smart windows. Photochromic naphthopyran derivatives are utilized for photochromic lenses because of their high durability and easily controllable colorability. However, the residual color imparted by the long‐lived transient species upon ceasing light irradiation remains a hindrance to practical applications. In this study, a strategy is demonstrated for on‐demand control of the thermal decoloration speed of the transient colored species of naphthopyran derivatives. The increase in the ring‐size of the alkylenedioxy moiety on the naphthopyrans accelerates the thermal back‐reaction independently of the maximum‐absorption wavelength of the colored isomer, leading to the realization of yellow‐, red‐, and blue‐photochromic naphthopyrans with similar thermal fading speeds. This novel molecular design provides a strategy for the future development of advanced photoresponsive materials.


This is an extended abstract based on the preprint [15]. We propose four information-theoretic axioms for the foundations of statistical mechanics in general physical theories. The axioms—Causality, Purity Preservation, Pure Sharpness, and Purification—identify purity as a fundamental ingredient for every sensible theory of thermodynamics. Indeed, in physical theories satisfying these axioms, called sharp theories with purification, every mixed state can be modelled as the marginal of a pure entangled state, and every unsharp measurement can be modelled as a sharp measurement on a composite system. We show that these theories support a well-behaved notion of entropy and of Gibbs states, by which one can derive Landauer's principle. We show that in sharp theories with purification some bipartite states can have negative conditional entropy, and we construct an operational protocol exploiting this feature to overcome Landauer's principle.


Alzheimer's disease(AD) is recognized as the demeanting disorder in the elderly. Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors(AChEI) are the most potent and successful drugs for treatment of AD. Their structure activity relationships were reviewed in this article for discovering new therapeutics for the treatment of AD.


28 Patterns of invasive plants distribution and their underlying mechanisms are complex and 29 may vary with spatial scale. Within the mountainous tropical ecosystems of Bali Island, a local 30 scale of patterns of invasive plants is still poorly understood. This paper aimed to detect and 31 investigate the presence of invasive species and to evaluate their relative abundance linked to forest 32 site condition along an elevation ranges on Mount Pohen, Batukahu Nature Reserve, Bali, 33 Indonesia. To identify the importance of environmental disturbances on species invasion, the 34 disturbance-environmental factors and the species-environmental relationship were also measured 35 and examined. A total of 78 vegetation plots of 2x2 m size were established in four forest sites 36 using the stratified random sample. Ten invasive plant species belonging to ten genera and five 37 families in the study area were identified. Of these invasive species, 40% were herbs, while shrubs 38 and grasses comprised 30% respectively. Austroeupatorium inulaefolium occurred at the highest 39 frequency (45% of plots); followed by Ageratina riparia, and Brachiaria reptans (40% of plots 40 respectively), Melastoma malabathricum (37%), and Calliandra calothyrsus (27%). 41 Austroeupatorium inulaefolium was the most abundant invader, followed by Ageratina riparia, and 42 the remaining invasive species were, in order, Pennisetum purpureum, Calliandra calothyrsus, 43 Imperata cylindrica, Brachiaria reptans, Melastoma malabathricum, Lantana camara, Bidens 44 pilosa, and Blumea lacera. The results demonstrated that the distribution of invasive plants was 45 strongly linked to the disturbance level of the according habitat. The largest numbers of invasive 46 plants were present in burnt sites close to the forest edges with direct anthropogenic influence, 47 while the undisturbed forest was the least invaded site. Further, the results demonstrated that most 48 invasive species were mainly occurred at low elevations up to 1600 m a.s.l. and were rarely found 49 in higher elevations. However, few invasive species such as Austroeupatorium inulaefolium and 50 Melastoma malabathricum were also able to colonize the highest altitude (2035 m a.s.l.), and to a 51 lesser degree, Ageratina riparia and Brachiaria reptans were also distributed into high altitude 52 areas (1950 m a.s.l. and 1972 m a.s.l. respectively). This study provides a fine-scale analysis of 53 invasive species distribution in this protected area which can be used as a reliable basis for 54 conservation purposes, especially for strategic planning regarding the detection and management 55 invasive alien plants. 56 57


The film"Seediq Bale"depicted the"fog community events"happened in 1930's which was the Taiwanese aborigines'final fight against the Japanese enslavement rule.The"fog community events"reflected the conflict between Japanese colonial enslavement policy of domination,the modern concept of civilization and the traditional culture of the aboriginal communities.From the great suffer of Seediq people,we can tell that in modern times,to maintaining the legitimate rights of minorities and protecting the minorities'cultural heritage and development,we need not only to maintain their unique ethnic identity and ethnic culture,but also take the initiative to innovation itself minorities cultural system to adapt to the development needs of the population's surviving.


INTRODUCTION
Multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) is a significant health problem in some parts of the world. Three major cytokines involved in TB immunopathogenesis include IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10. The susceptibility to MDR TB may be genetically determined. The aim of the study was to assess the association of IL-2, IL-4, IL-10 gene polymorphisms with multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) in Ukrainian population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS
We observed 140 patients suffering from infiltrative pulmonary tuberculosis (PT) and 30 apparently healthy subjects. The patients were assigned to two groups whether they suffer or do not suffer from pulmonary MDR TB. Interleukin gene (IL) polymorphisms, particularly T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene, C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene and G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene were studied through polymerase chain reaction. Circulating levels of IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 in venous blood were estimated using ELISA.

RESULTS
Prior to treatment, patients with PT showed significant increase of IL-2 levels and decrease of IL-4 and IL-10 levels compared to apparently healthy subjects. Circulating IL-4 and IL-10 levels were significantly decreased whilst serum IL-2 level was significantly increased in patients with MDR TB compared to non-MDR TB. Low IL-4 and IL-10 secretion and considerable IL-2 alterations were shown to be significantly associated with mutations of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes affecting C589T polymorphism in the IL-4 gene, G1082A polymorphism in the IL-10 gene and T330G polymorphism in the IL-2 gene in patients with PT.

CONCLUSIONS
Heterozygous genotype and mutations homozygous genotypes gene in polymorphisms determining specified cytokines' production is a PT risk factor and may lead to disease progression into chronic phase. Heterozygous genotype of aforementioned cytokine genetic polymorphisms was significantly the most frequent in patients with MDR TB.


T‐cadherin is an atypical glycosylphosphatidylinsoitol‐anchored member of the cadherin superfamily of adhesion molecules. We found that T‐cadherin over‐expression in malignant (DU145) and benign (BPH‐1) prostatic epithelial cell lines or silencing in the BPH‐1 cell line, respectively, promoted or inhibited migration and spheroid invasion in collagen I gel and Matrigel. T‐cadherin‐dependent effects were associated with changes in cell phenotype: overexpression caused cell dissemination and loss of polarity evaluated by relative positioning of the Golgi/nuclei in cell groups, whereas silencing caused formation of compact polarized epithelial‐like clusters. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and IGF factor‐1 receptor (IGF‐1R) were identified as mediators of T‐cadherin effects. These receptors per se had opposing influences on cell phenotype. EGFR activation with EGF or IGF‐1R inhibition with NVP‐AEW541 promoted dissemination, invasion, and polarity loss. Conversely, inhibition of EGFR with gefitinib or activation of IGF‐1R with IGF‐1 rescued epithelial morphology and decreased invasion. T‐cadherin silencing enhanced both EGFR and IGF‐1R phosphorylation, yet converted cells to the morphology typical for activated IGF‐1R. T‐cadherin effects were sensitive to modulation of EGFR or IGF‐1R activity, suggesting direct involvement of both receptors. We conclude that T‐cadherin regulates prostate cancer cell behavior by tuning the balance in EGFR/IGF‐1R activity and enhancing the impact of IGF‐1R.—Maslova, K., Kyriakakis, E., Pfaff, D., Frachet, A., Frismantiene, A., Bubendorf, L., Ruiz, C., Vlajnic, T., Erne, P., Resink, T. J., Philippova, M. EGFR and IGF‐1R in regulation of prostate cancer cell phenotype and polarity: opposing functions and modulation by T‐cadherin. FASEB J. 29, 494‐507 (2015). www.fasebj.org


Sixty‐two patients with localized clinical inflammatory breast carcinoma were treated with curative, radical radiotherapy doses to the breast and draining lymphatics at Massachusetts General Hospital from January 1960 to December 1977. Fifty patients have died from disease, 7 are alive with disease, and 5 are free of disease at time of reporting, thus indicating the fulminant nature of this rare form of breast cancer. Median survival is approximately 18 months (mean 24 months). A five‐year actuarial survival and relapse‐free survival of 14% and 6%, respectively, are obtained. Local and regional recurrence was noted in 43 of 62 patients (69%). Twelve patients (19%) failed in the locally irradiated area only, 31 patients (50%) failed in both local, regional, and distant sites, and 14 patients (23%) failed with distant metastases only.


The objective of the paper is the presentation of a farm-household model which allows an analysis of labour input decisions of rural households in an environment with risky agricultural technologies and off-farm employment opportunities. Labour input decisions are condensed into a stochastic linear programming framework, and applied to a typical rural household in Southern Malawi. Weak adoption of yield-increasing technologies is explained by different opportunity costs of time of family members and by the risky nature of income generated using traditional or yield-increasing agricultural technologies. The view that land-saving innovations will increase agricultural production is revised. Special extension programmes for family members with low off-farm employment opportunities are proposed to increase the adoption of those technologies. These programmes have the purpose of reducing anticipated subjective income deviations for yield-increasing innovations.


Homeopathic medicines are prescribed on the basis of presenting complaints while taking into account the physical, emotional and genetic make-up that individualizes a person. This constitutional approach encompassing mind and body works at root-level. Homeopathy is very effective in managing all the acute as well as chronic expressions of gastritis; it also plays an important role in prevention of relapse of the condition. Here we are discussing detail about gastritis and its homoeopathic treatment.


Deep learning has seen dramatic improvements in remote-sensing image scene classification. However, hard categories and hard examples widely exist in the data sets, due to the intraclass diversity and interclass similarity. In this letter, we propose a novel framework to address these issues. Specifically, our method first trains a general model to obtain the confusion matrix and select the hard categories. Then a sampling strategy is proposed to restructure the training set and an expert model is trained to focus on the hard categories. Finally, the knowledge of the expert model is distilled into the student model through a novel loss function, which encourages the student model to predict the hard label provided by manual annotation. Thus, the model can match the soft label provided by the expert model and pay more attention to the hard examples simultaneously. With this method, the student model cannot only deal with hard categories but also hard examples existing in other easy categories. To empirically demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, we comprehensively evaluate the method on three publicly available benchmark data sets, the obtained results show that the proposed method outperforms the existing baseline methods and achieves superior results on all three data sets.


The article is devoted to the development of a combined methodology. We are talking about the process of sociolinguistic study of the languages of small peoples. Most of these idiom languages (in Russia they are concentrated mainly in Siberia) are younger and little-studied (in relation to speech and texts). They need extensive documentation on European standards. Documentation and subsequent processing of the collected material are made using modern technical means: computer technologies and programs. We also believe that other methods of research can be applied to them, including traditional sociolinguistic ones. The article justifies the development of a combined methodology for these languages. The essence of this approach is as follows: using methods and techniques from the arsenal of sociolinguistics, it is necessary to fix specific structural characteristics. The combined presentation of the information of sociolinguistic and structural-semantic plans gives a combined description of the desired linguistic formations as idiom languages. Most idioms of Siberia (in particular, the Soyot language, the Koibal dialect of the Khakass language) have scientific descriptions, but they are not enough. In addition, these languages are not described as idioms in them. Understanding the available materials from this angle will help clarify the ways of developing the languages of small peoples in modern times.


Residents in neighborhoods characterized by concentrated poverty and high violent crime rates report lower levels of satisfaction with police. The prevailing neighborhood-level explanation posits that such outcomes are a product of ecologically structured unconventional norms and values regarding crime and criminal justice. What remains unanswered, however, is whether variation in police behavior affects citizens' attitudes independent of neighborhood structural characteristics (e.g., concentrated disadvantage). To address this question, we use four independent sources of data from the Project on Policing Neighborhoods (POPN) to estimate a series of hierarchical linear models to assess the influence of neighborhood-level police behavior. Our results suggest that alternative patrol strategies advocated by proponents of community policing—foot and bike patrols—have a direct positive effect on citizens' satisfaction, net of neighborhood structure and known individual-level correlates (e.g., perceived quality of life). In contrast, the use of physical force is (at best) only weakly associated with neighborhood-level satisfaction.


This paper describes a feature extraction technology from event sequence of lab tests in electronic health record (EHR) for modeling diabetic nephropathy. We used a stacked convo- lutional autoencoder which can extract both local and global temporal information from the event sequence. The extracted features can be interpreted as similarities to a small number of typical sequences of lab tests. The extracted features in our prototyping experiment were promising for understanding of the long-term course of the disease.


The present investigation aims to study the feelings of job satisfaction and job burnout experienced by bank employees in Greece in correlation. The method which was preferred in the frame of the study was the quantitative research method. The tool which was used for the measurement of job satisfaction was the Employee Satisfaction Inventory, ESI, created by Koustelios, 1991. It included 24 questions, which measure six dimensions of job satisfaction: 1. Working conditions (5 questions), 2. Earnings (4 questions), 3. Promotions (3 questions), 4. Nature of work (4 questions), 5. Immediate superior (4 questions) and 6. The institution as a whole (4 questions) (total Chronbach's � = 0.75). The responses were given in a five-level Likert scale: 1 = I strongly disagree, 5 = I strongly agree. The tool which was used for the measurement of job burnout was the Maslach Burnout Inventory, MBI, created by Maslach and Jackson, 1986. The inventory included 22 questions measuring the three variables of job burnout: 1. Emotional Exhaustion (9 questions), 2. Depersonalization (5 questions), 3. Lack of personal accomplishment (8 questions) (total Chronbach's � = 0.70). The answers were given in a seven-level Likert scale: 0 = Never, 1 = A few times per year or less, 2 = Once per month or less, 3 = A few times per month, 4 = Once a week, 5 = A few times per week, 6 = Every day. High level of burnout occurs when we have high values on the scales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and low values in the range of personal accomplishment. Low job burnout occurs when we have low values on the scales of emotional exhaustion and depersonalization and high values in the range of personal accomplishment. The sample of the present study consisted of 230 employees of Greek banks and credit institutions. The results of the study showed that the feelings of job satisfaction and job burnout experienced by Greek bank employees occur in quite high levels. Furthermore, there is quite a strong negative correlation between the two variables. However, further investigation should be carried out in the Greek population, so that the phenomena of job satisfaction and job burnout are well studied and promoted.


Inverse scattering problem is a technique for finding the complex permittivity of an imaged object such that the analysis results of an imaging system, which includes the imaged object, match the experimental scattering field results. Changes in scattering caused by small lesions in tissue, which is a lossy medium, are insignificant. In contrast, the current technology cannot perfectly model the imaging model, and non-negligible analysis errors occur. For the inverse scattering problem, a highly sensitive antenna such that the variation of the scattered field caused by the perturbation of the voxel group greatly exceeds the analysis error is required. In this study, a highly sensitive antenna for early breast cancer detection is proposed; then, a new imaging sensor using this antenna and image reconstruction algorithm is introduced.


Total RNA was extracted from tissue of newborn calf,a 343 bp fragment was obtained by RT-PCR using a primer which was designed according to bovine resistin mRNA sequence from GenBank,and was cloned to pMD18-T.This construction was digested with the same enzymes(BamH Ⅰ and Xho Ⅰ) and was ligated with the pGEX-6P-1vector.Then the plasmid of pGEX-Resistin was transformed into the competent cell of BL 21(DE3).The sense clone was induced with IPTG.The expression of bovine resistin was detected by SDS-PAGE.


Physically, used cooking oil, which is an oil that has been damaged, can be seen from its brown color, rancid smell, thick, foamy and has a high free fatty acid content. This study aims to determine the potential effect of kepok banana peels (Musa acuminata balbisiana Colla) on free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil. The study used an experimental research design. Free fatty acid was measured by titration with the Alkalimetric method and expressed in percent.The mean free fatty acid level in used cooking oil without kepok banana peel powder was 0.993%, the mean free fatty acid content in used cooking oil with the application of kepok banana peel powder of 0.095%. After giving kepok banana powder, used cooking oil decreased rancidity, the color of brown cooking oil was brighter, the smell was fresher, indicating that there was a potential effect of kepok banana peel on free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil. There was a difference in the free fatty acid content of used cooking oil when kepok banana peel powder was administered (p=0.000).Administration of kepok banana peel powder affected reducing free fatty acid levels in used cooking oil.


This paper presents a first experiment using Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) to acquire argument schemes from a genetics research paper in which entities, relations, and arguments had been annotated previously. Then the ILP-derived rules are used to extract argument premises and conclusions from the text. Another contribution of this paper is a computational model of the narrative of scientific discovery in the text.


A novel rapid settling clarifier was described,in which some plates with inclined corrugated troughs were installed to incorporate hydraulic microcyclone effects with gravity to enhance the sedimentation.The working principle of the clarifier was discussed.A pilot scale experimental rig with the new clarifier was set up in a sugar mill for the trial on the clarification of cane juice limed to pH=10-10.5.The process included the addition of 0.4%~0.6% precipitation aid and 100-150mg/kg phosphate acid in the juice,liming the juice to pH=10-10.5,flocculating it with 4-6 mg/kg flocculant,and then clarifying in the clarifier.Optimum conditions for flocculation and factors influencing the throughput of clarifier were investingated.To compared with the clear juice from the limed juice in the mill production,the high pH clarified juice was neutralized by sulphitation to pH=7.0,and then filtered.The experiment showed that the residence time of the juice in the clarifier was 8 minutes,the color of the neutralized clear juice was reduced by 58% compared with the mill's clear juice,and the purity increased by 1.48(A.P.).The clarifier showed a good prospect for application.


The trichomonads used for the fractionation were prepared as follows: A bacteria-free strain (BR) of T. foetus isolated from a bovine case of pyometra was used. The organisms were grown at first on Schneider's blood-egg medium (1942), but later Plastridge's veal-infusion-serum medium (1943) was substituted for all except stock cultures. The latter mediumwas found to give as good growth and was preferable because of its lower protein content. The cultures for mass production were grown in six-ounce bottles and a yield of several million cells per ml was obtained. The cells were harvested when most of them were motile and still in suspension. They were siphoned off the top to avoid carrying over much of the precipitate at the base of the culture. The cells were collected in the Sharples supercentrifuge and washed with a 0.8% solution of NaCl until the washings were nitrogenfree, according to nitrogen determinations made by the method of Johnson (1941). The cells were held frozen until fractionated. A small amount of precipitate from the medium remained with the cells. It was possible to remove this by filtration of the cell suspension immediately after thawing through a thin layer of absorbent cotton. The precipitate, which is not readily filterable after freezing, was retained in the filter. Trichomonads were collected by this method from fifteen liters of cultures. These were shown to be bacteria-free by both microscopic and cultural tests.


This special issue focuses on administrative litigation cases in the Chinese courts, primarily those designated as model, typical, or exemplary cases (典型案例) issued by the Supreme People's Court (SPC). One of the initiatives of the Supreme People's Court (hereafter the SPC) highlighted in its 4th Five-year plan for judicial reform is "to expand fully the important role of leading cases and cases for reference." The SPC (and certain lower courts) have been designating certain cases as model cases for many years. The SPC started in the 1980s, when it started issuing the Supreme People's Court Gazette. As is so often the case in Chinese law, the term model (typical) case (典型案例) is used by the courts without definition. The model cases published by the SPC and certain lower courts do not set out the original judgments in the cases but rather include: . A brief description of the facts, . A summary of the judgment (sometimes at first and second instance), and . The importance of the case. The practice of issuing model cases has not been codified in SPC regulations, but it has issued model cases for many years, which it does as part of its authority to supervise the lower courts. 2011 Court regulations authorize provincial level higher people's courts to issue cases for reference (参考性案例). In practice, intermediate courts and basic level courts issue model cases. Model cases distributed by the SPC are generally reported to the Court by the higher people's courts, which have been selected in turn by their research offices. Another route for model cases to reach the Court is through field research that Court teams undertake when preparing judicial interpretations or regulations. The model cases selected by the higher level courts generally have been approved as model cases by their judicial committees (a committee of senior court leaders). Model cases may reach the SPC through other routes as well, such as "requests for instructions" from the lower courts. Model cases are merely persuasive and the courts can refer to them but not cite them, but they are not binding. They are needed by the local court because statutory law generally lags behind social developments, as well as the uneven social, economic, and legal development within the country. Model cases are intended to be educational, but the audience and content of the instruction depends on the type of case. They generally have both a substantive and political purpose. Some model cases are distributed to supplement to legislation and judicial interpretations, others are intended as a form of political education or have political purposes, while some have more substantive messages to convey to the lower courts, lawyers, and the general public, but also have a political purpose. They are often used as examples of correctly decided cases, often used to accompany a new judicial interpretation. none defined


ORCHID (Open linguistic Resources CHanelled toward InterDisciplinary research) is an initiative project aimed at building linguistic resources to support research in, but not limited to, natural language processing. Based on the concept of an open architecture design, the resources must be fully compatible with similar resources, and software tools must also be made available. This paper presents one result of the project, the construction of a Thai part-of-speech (POS) tagged corpus, which is a preliminary stage in the construction of a Thai speech corpus. The POS-tagged corpus is the result of collaborative research between the Communications Research Laboratory (CRL) in Japan and the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) in Thailand, with technical support from the Electrotechnical Laboratory (ETL) in Japan. In this paper, we propose a new tagset, based on the results of a prior multilingual machine translation project. The corpus is annotated on three levels: the paragraph, sentence, and word levels. Text information is maintained in the form of the text information lines and the number lines, which are both utilized in data retrieval. Both word segmentation and POS tagging were carried out by way of a probabilistic trigram model. Rules for syllable demarkation were additionally used to reduce the number of candidates in computing tagging probabilities


This untitled publication replaced the spring 1968 volume of the McMurry College Galleon literary magazine. The publication contains original student works including poetry, prose and plays.


Background:Myostatin (MSTN) is related to growth and development. MSTN gene-mutated animals are prone to dystocia and fetus enlargement, but there is no report of pancreatitis. Pancreatitis is a disease of the pancreas caused by the self-digesting effect of trypsin. In animals, pancreatitis often occurs in dogs or cats and manifests as edema, congestion, bleeding, or necrosis of the pancreas. Clinically, symptoms such as abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, vomiting, and fever appear. Elevated levels of amylase in blood and urine. Pancreatitis is very dangerous to the survival of animals. We must pay attention to it.Case presentation: This is a fatal case report of a myostatin (MSTN) gene-mutated calf diagnosed with pancreatitis. Analyses of the blood biochemistry, blood routine, postmortem anatomy and tissue section of the 2-month old calf showed that the pancreatitis indexes α-amylase and serum lipase were higher than those of normal MSTN gene-mutated and wild-type cattle. The pancreas was found to be swollen, dark red and bloody. The structure of the acinar cells of the pancreas was unidentifiable, and massive coagulation necrosis and lysis necrosis filled in the lobules of the pancreas. The interlobular spaces became enlarged, the vessels among the lobules were dilated and congested with obvious edema and blood stasis.Conclusions: Evidence from anatomy, histology, blood physiology, and biochemistry parameters indicate that the myostatin mutated calf died of pancreatitis. There are few reports on the pathology of gene-mutated animals. This is the first case of MSTN gene-mutated bovine pancreatitis.


R ESEARCH AIM This research brief is part of a series on the changing demography of the Northern Territory's 'Midtowns' - Tenant Creek, Katherine, Jabiru and Nhulunbuy. This brief explain the major characteristics and changing nature of the resident population of Jabiru from 2006 to 2011, based on  Census data and population  estimates. We compare and contrast the changing resident population of the town of Jabiru and the surrounding West Arnhem region to other jurisdictions.


The objective of this study is to characterize the tensile properties of New Zealand flax (Phormium tenax) technical fibers to be used as potential reinforcement in polymer matrix composites. Single fiber tensile tests were performed at three gage lengths to assess the effect of gage length on tensile strength and Young's modulus. The results were analyzed through a two-parameter Weibull distribution. The morphology, diameter, and fracture modes of P. tenax fibers were also characterized through optical and scanning electron microscopy.


Polylactide (PLA) composites with aluminum hydroxide (ATH) and montmorillonite (Clay30B) were prepared via direct melting compounding using a twin-screw micro extruder. It was found that the modified clays were either intercalated and or exfoliated in the matrix observed by XRD analysis and TEM micrographs. The limiting oxygen index, LOI, of the PLA composite can be increased from 20.5 for the PLA without fillers to 36 for that with 50 wt% of ATH, and the LOI can be further raised to 42 for the PLA composite with 5 wt% of clays and 45 wt% of ATH. The V-0 rating of the PLA nanocomposite with 39 wt% of ATH and 1% of montmorillonite was verified by UL-94 testing. The thermal degradation of the nanocomposite was further evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and Ozawa method. It was found that the activation energy of degradation of the PLA nanocomposite under air is higher than that without addition of ATH and montmorillonite. The tensile strength of the PLA composite contains ATH, at PLA:ATH=60:40 in weight, is about 45 MPa, it can be increased to 52 MPa with partial substitute of montmorillonite at PLA:ATH:clay=50:37:3.


The stamping process of the locking pieces including blanking,forming,bending,etc. was analyzed and the overall structure of the mold was designed. Reasonable nesting program was selected. Inclined wedge structure was adopted to adjust the location of bending die and die debugging and die cutting edge grinding became easy. Column-oriented suppress discharge guide plate was adopted,so that precision die stamping was guaranteed. By practice,it is proved that the die structure is reasonable,the processing quality is good and the productivity is high,which has an important reference value for designing the progressive die of this kind of part.


The author presents a general description of his 'phonetic typewriter' system that transcribes unlimited speech into orthographically correct text. The purpose of this paper is to motivate certain choices made in the partitioning of the problem into tasks and describe their implementation. The combination of algorithms he has selected has proven effective for well-articulated dictation in a phonemic language such as Finnish and Japanese, whereas for English and many other languages that are organized differently in the phonological sense, an optimal solution may look completely different.<<ETX>>


Neuroethics is a discipline that has emerged to act preventively against the use of strategies or experiments based on neuroscience which could threaten the rights of privacy, intimacy, health, and life of people. This research aimed to determine the impact of neuroethics on the work environment of a Peruvian industrial company. From the methodological perspective, the research is qualitative, interpretive hermeneutic paradigm, and case study; It begins with an in-depth interview with the workers of the company under study. The results indicate that its members are highly engaged with the objectives of the organization, where its managers are recognized as transformational leaders, who must assume their role and accept the responsibility regarding the economic results of the entity. Because of the existence of an adequate structure of the company organization, it is concluded that there is an evident influence of neuroethics in its work environment which was applied empirically due to its determining characteristics, such as ethics, morals and social instincts.


The principle of half bridge LLC resonant converter is introduced.The paper emphasizes on the modeling of the steady state of half bridge LLC resonant converter.The soft MATLAB is used to draw the curve of the DC gain,on the basis of this the influence of the main parameters to the converter is analyzed.At last,a prototype is designed to validate the correctness of theory analysis.


Seismic exploration is one of the most informative geophysical methods. It gives thorough information on deep and spatial structure of the Earth using features of seismic waves propagation in geological layers with different physical properties. Wave field excited with seismic source propagates in space and time, therefore for its registration we need availability of many observation sites simultaneously resulting in considerable rise in prices cost of seismic information. In turn, absence of numerical seismic data renders impossible development of basic seismicity, seismic monitoring and long-term observation of seismically dangerous processes in big areas of man-made objects. The paper presents autonomous seismic stations developed at the Institute of Geophysics NAS of Ukraine. Universality of seismic stations allows their use for a wide range of seismic and seismological problems. Small weight and size make their transportation easier as well as their mounting in unequipped observation sites in boggy hard-to-reach areas. Long-continued registration of seismic information and big capacity of operative internal memory makes possible their use for passive long-term observations. Several variants of wireless connection have been realized in seismic stations for control of technical condition of the station, inspection of seismic record quality in real time and remote programming for alternation its working regime. Likewise historical review has been presented on development of autonomous seismic stations the most popular in Europe and North America used in large-scale international projects on studies of deep structure of the Earth during the latest 50 years. In addition up-to date passive and active seismic stations used in economic seismicity have been described.


Segregation and exclusion were traditionally the ways more trodden by thoses that suffer mental disorder in the model of treatment by asylum, bringing injuries to the life of who is suffering this disease. Nowadays, the ancient conceptions are starting to be re-told through the movement of psychiatric renewal, that resee the ancient paradigm of segregation and present new propositions based upon psychosocial habilitation of the mentally sick subjects. In this context, the objective of the research was to understand the social representations about the work in the sick. The study was founded upon the Theory of Representations and as empyrical field two Centers of Psychosocial Attention(CAPS) of Fortaleza-Ceara. The subjects were seven users and eight professionals of the mentioned CAPS.As considerations we observed that the relations among the world of work and the mental sickness remain silenced, acurring through prejudice and the historically built logic of incapacity.


As fabrication technology continues to improve, smaller feature sizes allow increasingly more integration of system components onto a single die. Communication between these components can become the limiting factor for performance unless careful attention is given to designing high performance interconnects. Amongst various components of the interconnect, a high-performance arbiter in a scheduler decides the speed of scheduling. An intelligent centralized scheduler is needed to configure the crossbar fairly and with high utilization. The main contribution of this paper is the design and optimization of fast roundrobin arbiters and the design of a On-Chip Scheduler embodying I-SLIP algorithm. An iterative, round-robin algorithm, iSLIP can achieve 100% throughput for uniform traffic, yet is simple to implement in hardware. Iterative and noniterative versions of the algorithms are presented, along with modified versions for prioritized traffic. Scheduler is expressed here in verilog RTL and simulation results are presented to indicate the performance of iSLIP under benign and bursty traffic conditions. Prototype and commercial implementations of iSLIP exist in systems with aggregate bandwidths ranging from 50 to 500 Gb/s. When the traffic is nonuniform, iSLIP quickly adapts to a fair scheduling policy that is guaranteed never to starve an input queue. We describe the implementation complexity of iSLIP algorithm in a round robin scheduler which configures 8x8 crossbar. Further, we have synthesized the accept and grant arbiters and optimized its area and timing using TSMC's library [tcb015ghdbc] with TSMC8k_Conservative wire load model. The request is processed pretty fast and reaches at grant output of the arbiter in 0.59 ns. The total cell area of the proposed arbiter design is 445.Further the scheduler is synthesized to obtain its cell area 20393 while the longest path takes 0.52 ns time. It becomes the most optimized scheduler in an On-Chip Interconnect. The designs were optimized under the same operating conditions with similar area and timing constraints using TSMC's library [tcb015ghdbc]. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology Vol. 21, August, 2010 70


ABSTRACT Multiple communicative erasures are embedded in the labor practices of migrant domestic work. The parallel experiences of South Asian workers laboring in Noida (India) and Singapore as experiences of (im)mobilities and expulsions are discussed amid the construction and importation of the "The Singapore Model" across Asian cities. We specifically hear the voices of workers in Noida as scripts of the global margins that exist within neoliberal meccas. These storied realities of performing reproductive labor disrupt the celebration of neoliberal development in model cities for work and play. Domestic work continues to function in precarity with multiple layers of structural (im)mobilities.


Ground-based measurements of stratospheric slant column NO{sub 2} amounts made at Halley Bay, Antarctica in 1987 are compared with ozone and temperature profiles from balloon-borne sondes. Sunrise-to-sunset (am/pm) ratios of NO{sub 2} have been calculated in autumn and spring by using the sonde data in conjunction with a simple photochemical model for the conversion of NO{sub 2} to N{sub 2}O{sub 5}. These calculations can be reconciled with the spectrometric measurements of column NO{sub 2}, provided that the bulk of the NO{sub 2} layer is assumed to lie at a height of about 25km. The small amounts of NO{sub 2} that are present in the stratospheric column during the first 6 weeks of spring are therefore confined to altitudes above the ozone depletion region. Slow recovery of the NO{sub 2} column in spring compared with the rate of its decline in autumn indicates slow photolysis of depleted levels of N{sub 2}O{sub 5} inside the polar vortex.


Spent mushroom compost(SMC) contained a large amount nutrients,for instance protein,organic substances and other active compounds,which made SMC become a potential recourse of reused materials.This paper introduced the development of SMC from five aspects,which were using SMC as animal feed,plants feed,secondary materials for producing edible fungi,the materials for fuels and energy and soil improvement and fixing agents.


In clinical practice the net result of delays between specimen isolation and plating may be inability to grow or identify the organisms present. 2 specimens each from 70 patients at a gynecologic office were prepared for either transport or mailing to a laboratory in order to test the effect of time and less-than-ideal conditions of transport on rates of microbial recovery. The 1st 39 patients were studied for presence of anaerobic bacteria and the remaining 31 for aerobic bacteria yeast and Trichomonas vaginalis. Specimens taken to the laboratory at the end of office hours had a maximum lag time from collection to plating of 9.0 hours with a mean of 4.5 hours while specimens mailed at the end of office hours were received by the laboratory 2-5 days later. Standard microbiologic techniques as described in the Centers for Disease Control Laboratory Manual were used throughout the study. Pretests of microbiologic materials for sterility showed that 10 of 30 control mailing envelopes cultured positive for a variety of organisms while 8 aerobic transport media showed no growth. Control culture plates opened at a variety of sites for no longer than 10 minutes showed growth of E. coli in 2 of 10 plates in a laminar flow hood 5 of 10 in a laboratory 3 of 10 in Cook County Hospital and none of 10 in an obstetrics and gynecology clinic indicating that airborne contamination is a real possibility in clinical settings. Cultures were positive for anaerobes in 14 of 39 transport samples (36%) versus 2 of the mailed samples (5%). All 31 cultures were positive for growth of aerobes after transport whereas 22 of 31 (71%) were positive after mailing. After transport the number of species isolated per woman ranged from 1 to 5 with a mean of 31 but after mailing 18 samples were positive for 1 organism and only 4 for 2 organisms. Streptococcus organisms were isolated in 74% of transported but only 23% of mailed cultures and gram-negative rods were found in 68% of transported and 25% of mailed cultures.


This paper studies a downlink single-input-single-output (SISO) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) systems in which a transmitter and a pair of legitimate receivers communicate with each other by using improper Gaussian signalings. There is an eavesdropper who overhears the information transmitted to the pair of legitimate receivers. Proper Gaussian signalings have been known as optimal on channels without interference, due to which proper Gaussian signalings have been widely used in many areas. Recently, it has been shown that improper Gaussian signalings improve achievable rates of NOMA systems. In this paper, we extend the application of improper Gaussian signalings to the secure NOMA systems. More specifically, we derive closed-form expressions of secrecy outage probability for users and analyze the effects of impropriety on the secrecy outage probability. Based on the mathematical analysis, we propose an algorithm to find the optimal impropriety degree for the secure NOMA. To confirm the analytic results, we perform extensive numerical evaluations and show that the analytic and numerical results are well matched each other. In addition, the NOMA systems based on improper and proper Gaussian signalings are compared in terms of the secrecy outage probability. The comparison substantiates our claim that a better secrecy performance is achievable with the improper Gaussian signalings.


This study first introduces the development history of new energy industry. In order to evaluate the development capability of new energy industry, the study set up an evaluation model for development capability of new energy industry. Using this model the study evaluates the development capability of new energy industry in Tianjin.


Whether all parties to the employment relationship benefit from workplace partnership and with what consequences is one of the most persistent research questions in industrial relations scholarship. Three dominant theoretical frameworks are identified. They are the mutual gains, pessimistic and constrained mutuality perspectives. Using both quantitative and qualitative case study data, the article queries the prevailing view that it is possible to categorize partnership outcomes as fitting neatly into one of these three theoretical perspectives. The article investigates the critical role of employees' perceptions of the distribution of partnership gains for their orientation to their employer and union, and in regard to their support for a continuation of a partnership approach.


This article presents the development,main resist system and reaction mechanism of EB resist in last ten years In addition,the future directio n of EB resist is illuminated


"And the question which I have for you (Professor Anita Hill) is how reliable is your testimony in October of 1991 on events that occurred 8, 10 years ago, when you are adding new factors, explaining them by saying you have repressed a lot?," asked Senator Specter. (Republicans and Democrats alternate in questioning, 1991). It is October 11, 1991, and the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee is considering the controversial nomination to the Supreme Court of Judge Clarence Thomas. Toward the end of the nomination process, there is a surprise witness. An attorney, Anita Hill, who used to work for Thomas, claims he sexually harassed her a decade earlier. Hill, now a University of Oklahoma law professor, reluctantly agrees to testify in front of the Senate Judiciary Committee, and much of the nation watches spellbound as she testifies on television. "My working relationship became even more strained when Judge Thomas began to use work situations to discuss sex. … His conversations were very vivid. He spoke about acts that he had seen in pornographic films involving such matters as women having sex with animals and films showing group sex or rape scenes. … One of the oddest episodes I remember was an occasion in which Thomas was drinking a Coke in his office.


The research presents, in a detailed scientific way, the stages of strategic planning to achieve comprehensive development. In the third chapter, the research explains development from the perspective of Islamic thought and positive economic systems, while the fourth chapter presents the most important new global variables ((globalization and economic developments)) for the purpose of adapting to them in order to benefit from strategic planning to achieve comprehensive development.


Ecology has been variously defined 'the scientific study of the interactions between organisms and their environment' or 'the scientific study of the interactions that determine the distribution and abundance of organisms'. Many local floras contain accounts of the environment; all give information on the distribution and abundance of plants. In spite of this, there is rather little flow of information between ecologists and flora writers. Among possible explanations are the disparity in the spatial scale of interest, the subtlety of plant life histories, the obscurity of key environmental factors, and the emphasis of floras on rarities rather than on the 'ecosystem engineers'. Nevertheless, some interesting analysis of flora data is possible, both of spatial patterns and of temporal change.


Abstract We have investigated the hysteretic electro-optic behavior of super-twisted nematic (STN) displays with the twist angies larger than 270°. A pair of Lagrange's equations based on the continuum theory were solved numerically. The Gibbs energy and elastic energy of the nematic liquid crystal medium under the influence of external electric field were calculated. The director configurations at an applied field may be significantly different depending on the initial conditions. The elastic energy of the liquid crystal medium is used to describe its bistability. The total Gibbs energy, which represents the stability of the system, is discussed with each bistable state. The effects of cell twist angle, elastic constants, thickness to pitch ratio, dielectric parameter, and surface pretilt angle are presented.


Lightning discharges radiate broad band frequency electromagnetic waves from ULF to UHF. Using sensors which detect this radiation is an effective technique to detect lightning flashes, even if they are in a cloud. Using multiple sensors, a lightning flash can be located using various techniques. At low frequencies, the power radiated by lightning is very high, but because the wavelengths are long, the location resolution is somewhat low. At very high frequencies, the wavelengths are much shorter allowing for much better location resolution, but the power radiation is also much lower, making it more difficult to detect. The VHF band is a good compromise between good location resolution, and good detection efficiency. One effective technique to locate VHF signals from lightning is interferometry. With this technique, the signals arriving at least three VHF broadband antennas are coherently combined to produce an 2D image of the lightning flash. The current generation broadband lightning interferometer being developed in Japan by RAIRAN and the University of Osaka called Lightning Interferometer via VlHF Emission (LIVE). In 2016 summer season, LIVE is installed in Kaizuka, a city to the south of Osaka, near Osaka Bay to observe Japanese summer lightning with four VHF antennas. In the current study, we are tring to calibrate the detailed antenna locations and cable delays which is difficult to measure physically from cross correlate imaging, and comparing the high detail lightning maps produced by LIVE to the lower detail, 3D maps produced by a low frequency time-of-arrival system called the Broadband Observation network for Lightning and Thunderstorms (BOLT) which is spread around Kansai area in Japan.


The unpleasant pain sensation is a sub-modality of somatic sensation that exerts fundamental warning and protective functions. Pain is the more frequent complain in a neurological outpatient clinic. In a series of 200 consecutive patients in a neurological outpatient clinic, 51% of them complained of some type of pain, the more frequents were headache and carpal tunnel syndrome. The role of oxytocin in pain regulation was reviewed. It seems that oxytocin may play a major role in the mechanism of pain regulation, particularly through the endogenous antinociceptive neuronal system. Pain and the endogenous antinociceptive neuronal system: physiologic role of oxytocin. Headache Medicine. 2011;2(4):182-6


Vocal cord leukoplakia is a clinical diagnosis that comprises a spectrum of benignities, premalignancies, and malignancies. Accurate recordings of the visual characteristics of the affected area are important for communication between physicians and are helpful in further management. The objective of this study was to determine the laryngoscopic characteristics among patients with vocal cord leukoplakia and the reliability of examinations between different raters.


Melatonin is synthesized by the pineal gland and is released into the blood. In the last several years, some studies have shown that melatonin has anticancer properties; however, the mechanisms behind the antitumour traits are unclear, especially in pancreatic cancer. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the antitumour effects of melatonin on the human pancreatic carcinoma cell line MIA PaCa‑2 and explored its biological mechanisms. MIA PaCa‑2 cells were treated with melatonin, and we used a CCK‑8 assay to evaluate the cell viability. We also used flow cytometry to observe cell apoptosis and western blot analysis to assess the protein expression. Our study found that melatonin inhibited cell viability, suppressed colony formation and reduced cell migration and invasion and induced cell apoptosis in MIA PaCa‑2 cells. Our results showed that melatonin treatment inhibited NF‑κB p65 activation. Moreover, melatonin treatment activated the mitogen‑activated protein kinase pathways (c‑jun N‑terminal kinase and extracellular‑regulated kinase 1/2), which increased Bax protein expression and caspase‑3 cleavage and decreased Bcl‑2 protein expression. These new developments demonstrate that melatonin plays a potential role in anticancer treatment and may act as an effective therapeutic agent in the future.


This paper will discuss some practical methods of leveraging digital distraction as an avenue for learning rather than being a time burglar.


On July 2, 1999, the Service dropped a bombshell on sponsors of employee stock purchase plans ("ESPPs") with the issuance of Field Service Advice 1999-26034 ("FSA"). The FSA dramatically changes how amounts received under an ESPP should be treated for purposes of the Federal Insurance Contributions Act ("FICA"). The FSA concludes in part that the amount by which the fair market value of the ESPP stock on the exercise date exceeds the option price is wages under FICA at the time of the exercise of the ESPP option. Prior to this release, the consensus was that these amounts were not subject to FICA at all. At the heart of the issue is the distinction drawn by Congress between items of income characterized as ordinary income and those characterized as capital gain; a distinction that implicates many aspects of taxation. Now the distinction enters the fray of FICA taxation of ESPPs. Even the Service recognizes the importance of the ordinary income/capital gain dichotomy in section 13 of the FSA where it declares that compensatory amounts, but not proprietary amounts, are subject to FICA. This Article reviews the statutory language governing ESPPs and FICA as well as the legislative history of ESPPs and the relevant case law interpreting FICA, characterizes each element of income derived from an ESPP, and identifies each element's proper treatment under FICA. It will be shown that contrary to the Service's position in the FSA, there are three, not two, elements of income: the "employer-provided discount," the "Option Gains," and the "Stock Gains." Each of these elements is discussed more fully in Part II, which provides a brief overview of ESPPs. Part III analyzes the FICA and its applicable case law. Two theories emerge that potentially support the proposition that the Option Gains are not subject to FICA. Part IV summarizes the taxation of stock options in general. Part V reviews the legislative history of ESPPs as well as the historical and current taxation of stock options to identify the proper characterization of each element of income derived from an ESPP option. Part VI applies the two theories developed in Part III to the findings set forth in Part V and concludes that only the employer-provided discount (or, if lower, the excess of the fair market value of the stock at the time of the disposition or the employee's death over the exercise price) should be subject to FICA.


We give efficient algorithms for finding power-sum decomposition of an input polynomial $P(x)=\displaystyle \sum_{i\leq m}p_{i}(x)^{d}$ with component $p_{i}s$. The case of linear $p_{i}s$ is equivalent to the well-studied tensor decomposition problem while the quadratic case occurs naturally in studying identifiability of non-spherical Gaussian mixtures from low-order moments. Unlike tensor decomposition, both the unique identifiability and algorithms for this problem are not well-understood. For the simplest setting of quadratic $p_{i}s$ and $d=3$, prior work of [11] yields an algorithm only when $m\leq\overline{O}(\sqrt{n})$. On the other hand, the more general recent result of [13] builds an algebraic approach to handle any $m=n^{O(1)}$ components but only when d is large enough (while yielding no bounds for d=3 or even d=100) and only handles an inverse exponential noise. Our results obtain a substantial quantitative improvement on both the prior works above even in the base case of d=3 and quadratic $p_{i}s$. Specifically, our algorithm succeeds in decomposing a sum of $m\sim\overline{O}(n)$ generic quadratic $p_{i}s$ for $d=3$ and more generally the dth power-sum of $m\sim n^{2d/15}$ generic degree-K polynomials for any K$\geq$2. Our algorithm relies only on basic numerical linear algebraic primitives, is exact (i.e., obtain arbitrarily tiny error up to numerical precision), and handles an inverse polynomial noise when the $p_{i}s$ have random Gaussian coefficients. Our main tool is a new method for extracting the linear span of $p_{i}s$ by studying the linear subspace of low-order partial derivatives of the input P. For establishing polynomial stability of our algorithm in average-case, we prove inverse polynomial bounds on the smallest singular value of certain correlated random matrices with low-degree polynomial entries that arise in our analyses. Since previous techniques only yield significantly weaker bounds, we analyze the smallest singular value of matrices by studying the largest singular value of certain deviation matrices via graph matrix decomposition and the trace moment method.


Laser based detection of gaseous, liquid and solid residues and trace amounts has been developed ever since lasers were invented. However, the lack of availability of reasonably high power tunable lasers in the spectral regions where the relevant targets can be interrogated as well as appropriate techniques for high sensitivity, high selectivity detection has hampered the practical exploitation of techniques for the detection of targets important for homeland security and defense applications. Furthermore, emphasis has been on selectivity without particular attention being paid to the impact of interfering species on the quality of detection. Having high sensitivity is necessary but not a sufficient condition. High sensitivity assures a high probability of detection of the target species. However, it is only recently that the sensor community has come to recognize that any measure of probability of detection must be associated with a probability of false alarm, if it is to have any value as a measure of performance. This is especially true when one attempts to compare performance characteristics of different sensors based on different physical principles. In this paper, I will provide a methodology for characterizing the performance of sensors utilizing optical absorption measurement techniques. However, the underlying principles are equally application to all other sensors. While most of the current progress in high sensitivity, high selectivity detection of CWAs, TICs and explosives involve identifying and quantifying the target species in-situ, there is an urgent need for standoff detection of explosives from safe distances. I will describe our results on CO2 and quantum cascade laser (QCL) based photoacoustic sensors for the detection of CWAs, TICs and explosives as well the very new results on stand-off detection of explosives at distances up to 150 meters. The latter results are critically important for assuring safety of military personnel in battlefield environment, especially from improvised explosive devices (IEDs), and of civilian personnel from terrorist attacks in metropolitan areas.


Ultraviolet absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy have been used to determine the nature and extent of photo-decomposition of fluorescent whitening agents in polymer films and in surface-whitened wool. Irradiation of the coumarin (I) in polymer films at 365 nm gives rise to a mixture of photodimers which rapidly revert to I on irradiation at wavelengths less than 320 nm. Irradiation of the stilbene (II) at 365 nm also gives a photodimer which absorbs strongly around 350 nm, but this reverts only slowly to II on irradiation. Fluorescence studies indicate that there is an increase in the degree of aggregation of I in polymer films with increasing whitener concentration, and that the kinetics of whitener photodecomposition change from first-order at low whitener concentration (0.0025%) to second-order at the higher concentration (2.5%) used in surface-whitening. The coumarin (I) is more stable to light in poly(vinyl acetate) film cast from formic acid than in films cast from less polar solvents, probably because of differences in the degree of whitener aggregation. The photostability of I in poly(vinyl acetate) film is also improved if the film is heated for short periods or stored at room temperature for longer periods.


Proposing Illeris's Tension Triangle as a framework for Interprofessional Education: conclusions from the PIPE Project, Concurrent session in theme "New Developments in Theories and Models of IPL", 1st International Interprofessional Health and Social Care Conference, University of Salford, 1-2 July 2008


Abstract Geographers are challenged to find tools to enhance students' appreciation of the environmental implications of the development process. This paper discusses a novel method of engaging students in the analysis of the environmental impacts of transnational corporations (TNCs) by having them create a "politically incorrect mutual fund." The goal is for students to determine whether it is financially rewarding to invest in the stocks of TNCs with poor environmental records in developing countries compared to the returns possible from other types of investments, including socially responsible mutual funds. The project involves intensive student use of the World Wide Web, including creation of their own Web sites.


The concept of patient safety has been developed due to the increased incidence of medical error in Indonesia.Although incidents related to patient safety occurs in health servicessuch as the Independent Practice ofMidwifery or BidanPraktikMandiri(BPM), it has not received enough attention from the stakeholders. Thisresearch discusses the implementationof Patient Safety Model atthe Independent Practice of MidwiferyinBogor District, West Java Province. The research was conducted with mixed method approach, using threewayphase. The first phase is the construction on patient safety goals in BPM by doing focus group discussionon 3 groups and 2 in-depth interviews with 2 informants. The second phase is the model development inthe form of validation based on findings in the first phase. Additionally, phase 2 is done by using crosssectionaldesign of 90 midwives and SEM analysis using PLS. The third phase is conducting a quantitativeevaluation model with pre and post design at 30 BPM which have had training on Patient Safety Model. Thefindings show allvariables (patient safety goals, knowledge, attitudes, motivations, and behaviors related tothe patient safety) are valid in shaping Patient Safety Model. The results on Model application evaluation(phase 3) indicate that the model effective in increasing knowledge (p 0.000), attitude (p 0.000), motivation(p 0.000) and behavior (p 0.001) on patient safety in BPM.


eorg Hübner laf Lademann niversity of Greifswald nstitute of Hygiene and Environmental Medicine reifswald, Germany Abstract. Regardless of the fact that several highly efficient antiseptics are commercially available, the antiseptic treatment of chronic wounds remains a problem. In the past, electrical plasma discharges have been frequently used in biometrical science for disinfection and sterilization of material surfaces. Plasma systems usually have a temperature of several hundred degrees. Recently, it was reported that "cold" plasma can be applied onto living tissue. In in vitro studies on cell culture, it could be demonstrated that this new plasma possesses excellent antiseptic properties. We perform a risk assessment concerning the in vivo application of a "cold" plasma jet on patients and volunteers. Two potential risk factors, UV radiation and temperature, are evaluated. We show that the UV radiation of the plasma in the used system is an order of magnitude lower than the minimal erythema dose, necessary to produce sunburn on the skin in vivo. Additionally, thermal damage of the tissue by the plasma can be excluded. The results of the risk assessment stimulate the in vivo application of the investigated plasma jet in the treatment of chronic wounds. © 2009 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers. DOI: 10.1117/1.3247156


Many higher education institutions are considering the transition to active learning approaches. Traditional lecture theatre settings are used, but some of the most effective techniques such as design-based learning are easiest to apply in collaborative group spaces. However, the costs of building new learning spaces can be prohibitive while convincing busy staff to re-think their teaching approach an unenviable task. In this work, the journey to Swansea University's first reconfigurable computer lab and active learning studio is explored as an approach to solving both these issues and opening doors to innovation and new programmes. Feedback is presented from both staff and students to show the impact on student learning and the adoption of new pedagogies. The introduction of the active learning studio has led to new initiatives, including funding to link a Swansea University collaborative space with further education colleges in the region. It has also led to the College of Engineering at Swansea being invited to join a globally delivered group design module with partners in the US, Brazil and France. This collaborative approach paves the way for consideration of new funding and educational models where students can study elective modules outside their home institutions while retaining the benefits of active methods.


A widely tunable quasi-phase-matched optical parametric oscillator that uses periodically poled LiNbO 3 with a multigrating structure is reported in this paper. With a 1064 nm acousto-optically Q-switched Nd∶YVO 4 pump laser, a tunable IR output from 1.436 μm to 1.7 μm is obtained. The threshold is 10.3 μJ with pulses repetition rate 10 kHz. The maximum output energy of signal is 4.25 μJ with the conversion efficience of 12.5%.


Most clinicians and professionals working in the field of trauma psychology are now familiar with the diagnosis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) as a constellation of symptoms. This chapter focuses on these symptoms and attempts to make the reader aware of the similarities between them and the psychobiological manifestations of a disrupted attachment system (Zulueta 1999, 2002, 2006). It is with such a conceptual formulation in mind that professionals can approach the treatment of PTSD in its more complex manifestations (Herman 1992). You may have noted these have not been addressed in the recent NICE guidelines for PTSD (NICE guidelines 2005).


In the Resume' the reviewers state that "...In the first submission, the highly ambitious economics component was deemed full of...potential...but the application was unclear about how much of the proposed work was feasible. This question of feasibility has been satisfactorily addressed... though it is still not clear whether the tools to be developed will be able to be practically used outside of the intervention sites."


Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text Abstract To evaluate the rib fracture detection performance in computed tomography (CT) images using a software based on a deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) and compare it with the rib fracture diagnostic performance of doctors. We included CT images from 39 patients with thoracic injuries who underwent CT scans. In these images, 256 rib fractures were detected by two radiologists. This result was defined as the gold standard. The performances of rib fracture detection by the software and two interns were compared via the McNemar test and the jackknife alternative free-response receiver operating characteristic (JAFROC) analysis. The sensitivity of the DCNN software was significantly higher than those of both Intern A (0.645 vs 0.313; P < .001) and Intern B (0.645 vs 0.258; P < .001). Based on the JAFROC analysis, the differences in the figure-of-merits between the results obtained via the DCNN software and those by Interns A and B were 0.057 (95% confidence interval: −0.081, 0.195) and 0.071 (−0.082, 0.224), respectively. As the non-inferiority margin was set to −0.10, the DCNN software is non-inferior to the rib fracture detection performed by both interns. In the detection of rib fractures, detection by the DCNN software could be an alternative to the interpretation performed by doctors who do not have intensive training experience in image interpretation.


Objective: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint injection to spastic cerebral palsy.Methods: 397 patients of pastic cerebral palsy were divided into 2 groups randomly.The control group had 199 cases while the therapy group had 198 cases.Both groups received combined therapy and the therapy group received acupoint injection as well,the clinical effect was under contrasted.Results: The therapy group had higher excellence rate(55.05% vs 39.20%) and total effective rate(94.44% vs 82.40%)than the control group,there was significance difference between 2 groups(P0.05).Conclusion: Acupoint injection has excellence effect to spastic cerebral palsy,it can improve the quality of life of children.


Quality assurance (QA) is a system in which the tasks to be performed are planned to meet the quality requirements of the project activities. It is one of the six major disciplines for product assurance (PA) according to European Corporation for Space Standardization (ECSS). This paper focuses on presenting the brief structure of PA and QA standards for space projects and summarizes the required systematic scheme of quality assurance tasks. The importance of establishing and maintaining a QA system that can prevent major nonconformities or take appropriate dispositions in case of occurring nonconformance has been emphasized. For such a QA system, it is necessary to benefit from various standards that are the result of many years of experience in different places of the world. General guidance for the establishment of a successful QA system is provided by defining key standards. After defining the PA and QA approaches according to the major authorities, the differences between the terms PA and QA are clarified. Then, the QA tasks to be performed as part of the project activities in accordance with the ECSS are defined according to the phases of the project.


Magnesium alloy is a material used for mobile phone, electronic components and automobile parts due to light weight. Electro-deposition technology with Magnesium alloy material has been applied to multi-layer chrome plating for decoration of electrical goods after electro-deposition technology on magnesium die-casting (AZ 91D) used in 2000. Magnesium alloys such as rolled products of magnesium sheet (AZ 31) and extrusion magnesium (AZ 60) are a hot issue now days. But present Electro-deposition technology with Magnesium alloy is similar to past one and it is considered that surface treatment is not possible due to the material defect. Durability of the goods is improved by new material used and proper surface treatment technology. It will make the material market for components growth. So it is important to study the characteristic of material and treatment method of magnesium alloy surface treatment. Plating with magnesium alloy possible to cause corrosion on the material because of pit and void that come from sub surface treatment. So this research focus on the treatment before plating with magnesium alloy to avoid that problem. This research study on electro deposition layer formation base on characteristic of phosphate (zincate). The problems of magnesium alloy plating layer formation will decrease by understanding the influence of surface resistance and adhesion of zincate layer on the sub deposition layer according to fluorine amount of zincate solution using zinc compound salt and pyrophosphate salt. This research covers zincate processing condition and characteristics of electro-deposition with the zincate layer using magnesium sheet (AZ 31B) to improve decorative plating technology.


Designing Experiences is an easily accessible and thoughtfully designed book. While it offers theory and a significant amount of academic support to buttress its thesis, the book is written in a ma...


This paper looks at the cruise ship industry in Bar Harbor, Maine, with an emphasis on the economic impact of passenger spending and the likelihood of return visitation. The analysis is based on 1,080 passenger surveys conducted in 2002. Study findings show that cruise ship passengers have higher household incomes, and are older and more likely to be female than the typical Maine visitor. Survey respondents stayed an average of five hours and twenty minutes in port, and a large number of passengers took a tour of Acadia National Park. The typical respondent spent an estimated $105.82 in Bar Harbor, including cruise-line sponsored tours. Collectively, cruise ship passengers had a $12.1 million impact on local sales revenue, including multiplier effects, and supported 275 full and part-time jobs in Bar Harbor in 2002. The cruise ship industry is especially important to the Bar Harbor economy in October, when passengers accounted for an estimated 64 percent of retail sales and 26 percent of restaurant and bar sales. About one-third of the survey respondents indicated that they were planning to return to Bar Harbor within a two-year time frame. Econometric analysis shows that the distance between a person's place of residence and Bar Harbor has a negative effect on the likelihood of return, while the number of past visits a passenger has made to Bar Harbor and the amount of time spent in town during the one-day cruise ship visit both increase the prospects of a return trip. BACKGROUND The North American Cruise Industry has experienced substantial growth in recent years. Within the United States, direct spending by cruise lines and passengers increased from $9.4 billion to $16.2 billion (72 percent) between 2000 and 2005 (Business Research & Economic


To study the influence of suspension weight on the progressive collapse performance of unbonded prestressed reinforced concrete (UPRC) frames in the scenario of an interior column removal, two UPRC frame substructures were fabricated and tested. Experimental results showed that, comparing with the frame without suspension weight on the beams, the frame substructure with suspension weight possesses higher stiffness, its ultimate bearing capacity improved by 48.5 percent at least. Hanging weight on the frame beams was adverse to the ultimate deformation capability of the frame in turn. Catenary action is an important working mechanism against collapse for the UPRC frames. Structural members such as frame beams and columns adjacent to failed columns can provide lateral restrictions, which is helpful for frame structures to resist collapse. When collapse tests are conducted on substructures by static methods under laboratory conditions, more realistic experimental results can be obtained by hanging weight on the frame beams.


SUMMARY

Treating oat seeds of ten cultivars with an organo-mercurial fungicide (Ceresan) and a dust formulation of the growth regulator chlormequat (2% a.i.) increased survival of seedlings growing under natural and simulated winter conditions. Treatment increased frost hardiness in less-hardy cultivars, increased soluble sugars in stem base tissues and protected them from attack by soil fungi. It also increased root length in some cultivars but did not affect leaf area. Foliar applications of 10-3 m decenylsuccinic acid did not increase frost hardiness and also increased disease on stem base tissues. The possibility that sugar concentration may influence frost- and disease-resistance of seedlings is discussed.


Nestle's Cereal World is a new facility in foodservice industry, which people can explore and obtain a new experience about cereal through 4 main facilities: attraction, discover, dining, and shopping. Nestle's Cereal World design will use Nestle's interior branding, which the tangible and intangible design will represent the Nestle's Cereal identity.


It is essential for contemporary architecture to produce healthy and sustainable environments for our habitation. While health has always been of central concern in human existence the changes brought on by globalization have negatively influenced the quality of 'healthy space' in architecture. The proposed project for this thesis is the design of a recreation facility situated on the Bayview Yards site in Ottawa. There is a contentious relationship between this contaminated brownfield site, and the recreational program for uncontaminated bodies. This thesis will investigate the capacity for architecture to create a 'healthy site' and 'healthy building' for 'healthy bodies' through integrating the Chinese Five Elements (Wood, Fire, Earth, Metal, and Water), traditionally used in Chinese medicine to create balance producing health in the body, and the Cycle of Balance, a system engaging the Five Elements in various phases of interaction, both physically and qualitatively. These traditional systems will be integrated with contemporary healthy building practices to inform the 'healthy' design of the proposed recreation facility, revealing the capacity architecture has to address the concern for a healthy environment.


Geopolitical changes over the last twenty years and new forms of war and military technology have had unnoticed effects on contemporary towns and cities. Areas and properties used by the military in very different ways and locations have become available for new civilian functions. Similar questions have been addressed by various disciplines, which have shown traits common to other types of abandoned areas and at times the problems have been simplified. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the complex process of abandonment and use in Italy over the last twenty years and the most significant EU programmes. It highlights issues that are to be addressed in this service and which will be used to compare projects and experiences in Italian and European towns and cities.


The review discusses the features of the manifestations of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children. The various methods of treatment of idiopathic hypercalciuria in children are discussed.


A set of simple linear regression models for predicting diameter at breast height (dbh) from crown diamter and a set of similar models for predicting crown diamter from dbh were developed for four species groups in Harding County, TN. Data were obtained from 557 trees measured during hte 1989 USDA Southern Forest Experiment Station survey of the forest of Tennessee, with supplemental aerial photographic observations. Estimates of individual tree crown diameter were obtained from ground measurements and from measurements made on 9 x 9 in. color aerial photographs (with nominal scale of 1:4,800) taken during the fall color season. In practice, users of aerial photographs can estimate dbh by measuring crown diameter, converting it to feet using the photo scale, and applying the appropriate equation. Similarly, crown diameter can be estimated from a ground measurement of dbh. This procedure may be useful in reducing the time required for field measurements. It may also be used to calculate crown diameters for datasets that include dbh but no direct measurement of crown attributes.


This is the continuation of my previous study on the two-dimensional problem of an elastic foundation compressed by a pillar with a rectangular cross section . In this paper, we treat the problem of a shaft, press-fitted with a collar or a wheel. The problem has long been left out of theoretical investigation, regardless of its importance from technical point of view. Considerable mathematical difficulties will be encountered in finding the exact solution of the problem, but an approximate solution can be obtained by a usual way, though the analysis becomes somewhat complicated.


Aim: The aim of present research was making a test of perception of lovemaking between single students and survey of psychometric features of this tool.
Methods: The research method was mixed. For this purpose, first during a qualitative study based on data-driven theory using a semi-structured interview technique, 32 students (18 girls and 14 boys) were interviewed. The sampling method was purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. The text of the interviews were identified using MAXQDA10 qualitative data analysis software. Students' coding and perception of lovemaking were identified in three categories: ethics of logical obedience, emotional self-obsession and immoral self-obsession. In the next step, based on the codes obtained from the qualitative part of the research, a questionnaire appropriate to the cultural and educational context of Iranian society was developed to measure the perception of lovemaking of single students and then 560 single students ranging in age from 19 to 33 years. (314 girls and 246 boys) Bachelor's and Master's degrees from 5 governmental and Islamic Azad universities in Tehran (Allameh Tabatabai, Shahid Beheshti, Imam Sadegh (AS), Research Sciences and Amirkabir Universities), which are in a multi-stage cluster method Were selected and answered the test.
Results: The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that the scale of love perception contains 18 questions and includes three confirmed categories of ethics of logical obedience (questions 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6), emotional self-obedience (questions 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18) and immoral self-obsession (questions 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12) of lovemaking. Model fit indices in confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the validity of this scale.
Conclusion: Therefore, based on the findings, the students' love perception test can be used as a valid and valid tool to measure and evaluate the love perception of single Iranian students.


Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a staple food for more than half of the world's population. Globally, rice is grown on 161 million hectares, with an average annual production of 678.7 million tonnes. Germination is one of the important stage in rice life. In order to investigate the relationships among AFLP markers and germination traits in rice plants, 192 Rice lines were evaluated. Lines were used in the form of an augument design with 100 seeds per line. The purpose of this study was to identify linked markers for gene controlling plumule length, root length, coleoptile length and germination percentage. 21 primer combinations of EcoRI and MseI a total of 376 bands were produced, of which, 303 bands were polymorphic and had an average of 75.03 percent polymorphism. The most variation in plumule length were determined by E080-M140-11 (19.55%), E060-M160-11 (17.92%) and E080-M150-11 (17.87%).060-M160-11, E080-M150-11, E110-M150-8 and E120-M150-5 Markers were associated with both shoot and root length, which represents an extremely close association of the traits together, or possibly are affected multi-effect genes. Using linked markers with germination traits in this study, we can use markers to help them improve them.


This guide includes information about how to locate print and electronic theses or dissertations produced by students at Queen's as well as those produced by students at other institutions, both in Canada and overseas.


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Change in climatic conditions directly affects the hydrologic cycle and gradually the groundwater table. Rise in temperature increases the evaporation of surface water and transpiration in wetlands. This results in low precipitation amounts, timings and intensity rates; which impacts on surface water bodies (rivers and lakes) as well as subsurface water bodies (change in volume and distribution of groundwater recharge process) and direct changes in major long-term climate variables such as air temperature, moisture content, precipitation and evapo-transpiration. Geomatics encompasses Survey of India (SoI) Toposheets, Remote Sensing (RS) Satellite Images, Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Global Positioning Systems (GPS) with limited Ground Truth Check (GTC). Efforts have been made to evaluate the data from 27 representative rain gauge stations and analyzed the season-wise rainfall variation over a period of 26 years (1984–2009). 36 representative well samples are considered to study the groundwater table fluctuation from season to season of about 12 years (1998–2009). The spatial variability of mean annual precipitation depends upon the topographic factors like exposure of station to the prevailing wind, elevation, orientation and slope of the hills/mountains. The average and mean rainfall over the area are calculated using arithmetic mean, thiessen polygon and iso-hyetal methods. Average rainfall is the simple arithmetic mean rainfall measured in the area; while Iso-hyetal method has been adopted for spatial distribution of rainfall with respect to a particular direction. Rain gauge stations are plotted on a base map with their respective amount of rainfall and then the contours of equal rainfall (isohyets) are drawn using Surfer v8.5. The different rainfall intervals obtained (area between the two adjacent lines) are helpful in understanding the variation of rainfall over the study area. The final results highlight the impacts of climatic change over groundwater table fluctuation in typical Precambrian rocks of Chamarajanagara District, Karnataka, which is a suitable model in similar geological conditions.


Visual inspection of EEG signals in their unprocessed form is still the predominant way of discriminating EEG patterns in the medical community and requires highly trained medical professionals. To overcome this problem, automatic EEG analysis using Fourier transform methods are popular since most EEG signals consist of the spectral power in the range of /spl delta/, /spl theta/, /spl alpha/ and /spl beta/, i.e. from 0 to 30 Hz. However, this method suffers from high noise sensitivity and is not suitable for short and variable length signal segments. We analyse EEG signals with time series analysis using autoregression techniques. We classify these extracted features for different mental tasks using a fuzzy ARTMAP classifier. We study the effects of different EEG segment or window lengths and different overlapping lengths on the overall performance of the classifier. Our results show that the segment length affects the performance and that overlapping the segments improves the performance greatly.


Grove School, the first "industrial" school in England, in which she successfully adapted the progressive ideas of Emanuel de Fellenberg, follower of Pestalozzi, to educate workingclass boys. Instead, Marcus concentrates on the personal. The book's claim to originality lies in its being a group biography, as she combines accounts of Lady Byron, her daughter the mathematician Ada Lovelace, who was the first to explore the concept of programing a calculating machine, and Annabella's adopted daughter, Medora Leigh, believed to be the offspring of the poet and his half-sister. The soap opera of the intertwined lives of Annabella, Augusta, Ada, and Medora does demonstrate Annabella's determination to stand by other women even if "fallen." Particularly brave was her support of the troubled Medora, who, through the complaisance of her mother, had been seduced and ruthlessly exploited by her brother-in-law as a teenager. However, Marcus tries to cram in too much material when bringing in the associated stories of Annabella's closest friend the art historian Anna Jameson and her relationship with Elizabeth and Robert Browning. Marcus wears her research lightly and seems afraid the reader will be bored if the narrative does not move at a cracking pace. Although these characters' sub-plots are fascinating, they distract attention from Lady Byron, who remains, as she was in life, an enigmatic figure viewed from the outside. It was disappointing not to have more insight into Lady Byron's Unitarian bluestocking ideology—in order to find out what drew her away from aristocratic life and toward social reform and made her an unlikely heroine for Victorian feminism.