Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities have been reported in patients with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus after treatment with ventriculo-peritoneal shunt (VPS). The exact pathophysiology is unknown, but it likely results from mechanical damage due to dorsal midbrain structures and their connections. Here, we describe two patients who developed progressively worsening transtentorial pressure fluctuations, Parkinsonism, and oculomotor abnormalities after VPS. A 35-year-old man underwent VPS placement after aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus were incidentally discovered upon CT brain for head trauma. One year later, he developed progressively more severe fluctuations between intracranial hypertension (headache, altered consciousness, and hydrocephalus) and intracranial hypotension (orthostatic headache with slit-like lateral ventricles). Any attempt to recalibrate VPS settings to treat hypertension resulted in a progressively faster return to hypotension. Similarly, any attempt to recalibrate VPS settings to treat hypotension resulted in a progressively faster return to hypertension. Three years later, he presented with diplopia and tremor. Two weeks after changing VPS to treat hydrocephalus, examination revealed eyelid retraction, supranuclear gaze palsy, and right-sided predominant Parkinsonism (MDS-UPDRS-III=39) (Supplementary Video, segment 1). Three weeks later, he presented with severe orthostatic headaches. Ocular findings were unchanged, but Parkinsonism worsened to include drooling, motor blocks, and severe right-hand tremor (MDS-UPDRS-III=51) (Supplementary Video, segment 2). CT brain revealed slit-like lateral ventricles and significant upwards displacement of the midbrain. Carbidopa/levodopa 187.5/750 mg/day was started with moderate improvement (MDS-UPDRS-III=33) (Supplementary Video, segment 3). Transtentorial pressure fluctuations were resolved with endoscopic third ventriculostomy, but Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities persisted. Case 1 is summarized in Figure 1. A 26-year-old man with a pineal tumor underwent VPS placement for aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus. Six months later, he developed transtentorial pressure fluctuations and mild, right-sided predominant Parkinsonism after VPS externalization for biopsy of the pineal tumor. Similar to Case 1, these fluctuations were aggravated by any attempt to recalibrate VPS settings (Figure 2). Ten days later, Parkinsonism worsened despite carbidopa/levodopa 75/300mg/day (MDS-UPDRS-III=59) and he developed slowed vertical fast-phase ocular movements (Supplementary Video, segment 4). Transtentorial fluctuations stabilized after pineal biopsy and VPS internalization, but Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities persisted. Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities were likely secondary to midbrain displacement, stretching, and compression due to fluctuating transtentorial pressures. External CSF drainage from the supratentorial compartment in patients with aqueductal stenosis could create a pressure gradient with the infratentorial compartment that predisposes to significant midbrain displacement through the tentorium, as well as third ventricle expansion and contraction. As previously reported, downstream frontal lobe dysfunction might be associated with levodopa-resistant Parkinsonism in these patients. Remarkably, therapeutic attempts to recalibrate VPS settings were associated with progressive worsening in transtentorial pressure fluctuations and further midbrain displacement in the opposite direction. In Case 1, the fluctuations became clinically evident 1 year after VPS placement for congenital aqueductal stenosis. Midbrain damage was clinically apparent 2 years later and continued to progress until fluctuations were stabilized by endoscopic third ventriculostomy. In Case 2, worsening transtentorial pressure fluctuations and midbrain damage were triggered by VPS externalization for pineal tumor biopsy. Clinical progression continued until fluctuations were stabilized by VPS internalization. Dorsal midbrain compression by the pineal tumor caused aqueductal stenosis in this patient and could have contributed to the midbrain syndrome as well. Similar to previously reported cases, Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities stabilized but persisted after transtentorial fluctuations resolved. This persistence might reflect irreversible damage to dorsal midbrain structures and their connections. As opposed to VPS, endoscopic third ventriculostomy may decrease the risk of creating or abruptly changing the supratentorial/infratentorial pressure gradient with subsequent midbrain damage in these patients. In conclusion, some patients with aqueductal stenosis and hydrocephalus may develop transtentorial pressure fluctuations with midbrain displacement, compression, and shearing leading to Parkinsonism and oculomotor abnormalities after VPS placement. Recalibration of VPS settings in these cases could worsen the pressure fluctuations and provoke further midbrain injury despite subsequent stabilization of intracranial pressure.


Geo-Studio program is used in this study with its sub-programs named SEEP/W and CTRAN/W 2012 to represent and analyse the phreatic line, the amount of seepage through the dam, the pressure head, the discharge, the total head and the amount of contaminants that transport through the body of the dam. The problem of transportation of contaminants through homogeneous earth dam due to seepage flow was studied and simulated using the computational fluid dynamic technique with the help of Geo–slope programs. The paper also studied the prediction of future contaminants' levels in the specified dam. The study also discusses the effect of pool water level fluctuation from maximum to a minimum level on the seepage flow and the time of pollution transmission. From the Geo-studio software, it is deduced that when the water level is at the maximum height (20m), it needs 12 days, at normal height (15m) it needs 30 days, while at a minimum height (8 m) it needs 100 days to reach the drain zone.


In seismograph exploration, the author has encountered acoustic horizons which do not transmit seismic energy readily. The first impulse on the seismogram has a short period with small amplitude, and requires considerable energy to make it apparent at long distances. This horizon is underlain by one of slightly higher velocity which transmits the energy readily and has a distinctly different wave form. On account of the difficulty of energy transmission, the horizon which has the small "forerunner" wave might be interpreted as a lens and not a continuous horizon. By making use of the character of the wave form on the seismograms, the two horizons may be definitely identified, and the one which is a poor conductor of energy definitely proved to be a continuous acoustic hor zon.


Library is a vital learning resource in an institution of higher education for teachers and students. It offers continuously updated information on a variety of subjects. When digitized, it is called digital library. There is a big difference in digital libraries and traditional library (conventional library) as they allow users to access on-line, electronic versions of documents and images. Digital library does not limit the space as was the case with traditional libraries. For the purpose of study various variables were identified like usage of E library, usage of library website, automation of E library and a well-structured questionnaire was prepared. 129 responses were received and chi square test and one way ANNOVA was used to test the differences and association between the variables. It was found that E library was more accessible and useful than other traditional libraries.


A secondary battery includes an electrolyte injection hole having an improved sealing structure. In the secondary battery, a sealing unit for sealing an injection hole of a cap plate is installed such that the sealing unit is aligned with or disposed below a top surface of the cap plate and thus does not protrude above the cap plate. Thus components adjacent to the cap plate such as a protection circuit module may be closely adhered to the cap plate, and a compact secondary battery may be manufactured and the volume utilization efficiency of the battery may be increased.


This paper describes the use of an FPGA-based rapid prototyping framework to develop a PC-AT card with a DSP chip on board. This permits the reconstruction of computed tomography images using the filtered backprojection algorithm. The framework enables the rapid construction of the card with the DSP chip and its control logic and memory. DSP operation is controlled by the PC, with its program downloaded from hard disc. The coprocessor card provides a speed-up of five times compared to execution on the PC alone. (5 pages)


This experiment was conducted to study the effect of long term selection for breast circumference (BC) of Gimmizah (GM) chickens on some body measurements of males at 12, 25 and 45 weeks of age such as body weight (BW), BC, shank length (SL), and secondary sexual characters as comb length (CL) and wattle length (WL), besides fertility with hatchability and their genetic parameters. Two hundred and twenty GM hens with twenty males were randomly chosen and considered as base population (G0). Chicks produced from G0 were selected for BC at 12-wk of age and selected through additional five generations. The results revealed that selection for BC significantly increased BW at 12-wk of age for selected line compared to control one among 4 and 5 th generations. Comb length for selected lines had significantly increased compared to control lines for CL12 in G4 and G5. Wattle lengths for selected lines were increased (p˂0.05) in the last three generations compared to the rest ones among all the experimental ages. There were a significant improvement of fertility and hatchability of fertile eggs percentages among the subsequent selected generations. Most of heritability ( estimates for CL and WL were considered high and ranged between 0.50 and 0.78. Low estimates of were recorded for which ranged between 0.02 to 0.14 and for hatchability of fertile eggs between 0.02 and 0.05. Furthermore, CL represented high genetic correlation with fertility among the bird's ages and generations. In conclusion, body circumference could be used as selection tool for improving body weight and secondary sexual characters without detrimental effect on fertility, besides suggesting other body measurements as shank, comb and wattle lengths could be included in selection index.


The concept of literate programming was developed by Donald Knuth in the early eighties. Knuth believes the programs should be treated as works of literature. He developed the scWEB system to promote this style of programming. A scWEB system incorporates at least two languages: a high-level programming language and a formatting language as well as scWEB rules and constructs which tie the languages together. From a scWEB source, one can generate a high-level language source suitable for input to a compiler and eventual execution or a source suitable for input to a text formatter.
This research involved the creation of a prototype editing environment that would be supportive of the scWEB style of literate programming. The environment is based on GNU Emacs, a commonly available extensible editor.
The environment was subjectively tested with three different types of users. A group of student programmers who had limited scWEB experience used the environment successfully to perform a maintenance task on a significant scWEB code. An intensive user familiar with the scWEB style of literate programming used the environment in the development and debugging of a significant scWEB code over a four month period. An experienced scWEB programmer also used the environment in the development of a small code.
Since the environment was used successfully by three different types of users, we feel that the environment is viable and should be incorporated with other tools to form a complete literate programming environment. This tool and other should be integrated to make the scWEB style of literate programming more appealing to a wider user community.


Abstract The rate of vacancy formation during straining of irradiated copper‐tin alloys has been investigated by means of repeated yielding experiments, and was found to increase with neutron doses in excess of 1·6 × 1016 n.v.t. The rate of formation was very high immediately after yielding, but fell to a constant value after 3% strain. Transmission microscopy was used to identify two distinct types of damage. Small dislocation loops with an average diameter of 40 A and a density of 1016 cm−3 were observed, together with large dislocation loops with a diameter of 380 × and a density of 2 × 1014 cm−3. The overall increase in rate of vacancy formation was attributed to the interaction of glide dislocations with the small dislocation loops and the initial high rate to the presence of heavily jogged dislocation sources.


Arylglyoxylic acids can be readily obtained from solid my1 methyl ketones by permanganate oxidation of the latter in pyridine solution at 15 °C. Decarboxylation of the glyoxylic acids in NN-dimethyl-p-toluidine affords good yields of the aryl aldehydes containing 1, 2, 3, and 4 aromatic rings.


THE TERM 'BLASTING AGENT' IS USED FOR FUEL-SENSITIZED AN (AMMONIUM NITRATE) EXPLOSIVES WHERE THE FUEL ALONE IS NON- EXPLOSIVE AND THE (CAP-INSENSITIVE) PRODUCT NEEDS POWERFUL BOOSTERING TO DETONATE IT. THE NEW AGENTS, CALLED 'SLURRY EXPLOSIVES' OR 'SLURRY BLASTING AGENTS' ARE LESS HAZARDOUS THAN CONVENTIONAL EXPLOSIVES. THEY CAN BE DETONATED EITHER BY THE CONVENTIONAL EXPLOSIVES OR BY ALUMINUM, SULFUR AND SOLID HYDROCARBON. THIS ARTICLE DISCUSSES THEIR MANUFACTURE, USE AND GENERAL ADVANTAGES. /AUTHOR/


ABSTRACT This paper combines renewed attention to science diplomacy with the rising interest in material and ontological aspects of science studies. It examines nuclear diplomacy by reviewing negotiations over three tons of natural uranium that the Japanese government requested from the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) in 1958. The uranium was half the amount required for the Japan Research Reactor-3, which reached criticality in 1962 and became Japan's first domestically developed nuclear reactor. Japan's request provided an opportunity to reaffirm the IAEA's raison d'être and set in motion the process of establishing a safeguarding system against the military use of atomic energy. The IAEA Board of Governors deliberated on the issue from October 1958 to April 1959. Although Japan's request was generally welcomed, it sparked confrontations between countries that accepted IAEA safeguards and those against them. By analysing the IAEA Board's official records, this paper shows how the negotiations transformed the uranium into a 'diplomatic object'.


Superseded by working paper 13-37.> A tractable production-externality-based circular city model in which both firms and workers choose location as well as intensity of land use is presented. The equilibrium structure of the city has either (i) no commuting ("mixed-use" form) or (ii) a central business district (CBD) of positive radius and a surrounding residential ring. Regardless of which form prevails, the intra-city variation in all endogenous variables displays the negative exponential form: x(r) = x(0)e¯Oxr (where r is the distance from the city center and Ox depends only on preference and technology parameters). An application is presented wherein it is shown that population growth may lead to a smaller increase in land rents in cities that cannot expand physically because these cities are less able to exploit the external effect of greater employment density.


The synthetical development of agriculture,as the important part of the work of supporting the agriculture of the state finance,is the effective channel on achieving the agriculture gain and the peasants' income. It has a superiority and an important effect which can't be taken the position by anything else in the building of new countryside. In the recent years,the County of Yizhang in Huan Provin ce has made unremitting efforts and greatly carried out the synthetical developmentof agriculture on taking the farmland of mid-low yield as the important point,and has promoted the fast and normal development of the agricultural economy and various social causes in the whole county,and has carried the building of new countryside forward effectively.


A novel heterocyclic chemical entity, 2-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)-3-(3-(4-nitrophenyl)-1-phenyl-1Hpyrazol-4-yl)acrylonitrile) (1f) has been synthesized and characterized. Computational studies were carried out using Gaussian 9 program with DFT/B3LYP/6311(++G) basis set. The structural optimization was computed successfully. Further, HOMO–LUMO analysis promises the incidence of inter electron transfer within the molecule. The theoretically determined hyperpolarizability value is nearly 9.5 times better than standard urea, suggesting its future utility as an efficient NLO optic material or its utility as an effective intermediate to construct better NLO materials


In contrast, totalistic discourses within civil society tend to be targeted by the monolithic discourses of sectarian groups, for example, the oppositional Babi movement in 19th-century Iran, which challenged the Shi↪i religious establishment, whereas totalistic ideologies characteristic of bureaucratic–authoritarian states generated their mirror image in the monistic discourse of radical fundamentalism. According to Moaddel, the logic of the latter possibility is contained in the challenge to Egypt's republican regime by Sayyid Qutb and his disciples, and in the authoritarian discourse of Algeria's FIS (Islamic Salvation Front), which constituted an uncompromising, Islamicized version of the secular nationalism of the FLN (National Liberation Front). In both cases, fundamentalist challengers attempted to turn the practice and ideology of state sovereignty on its head. Moaddel is mindful of the existence of variations to his model. He points to the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, where a relatively diverse state ideology did not provide the necessary conditions for the rise of extreme fundamentalism, and to the Islamic Republic of Iran where the balance of power among spiritual leader, president, and parliament has mollified totalitarianism and prompted the emergence of a pluralistic oppositional trend represented, most notably, by Abdol Karim Sorush. In formulating his approach, Moaddel questions the theories of Marx, Weber, and Durkheim, each of whom posited, in different ways, a correspondence between ideology and social structure. Such theories, according to Moaddel, are overly reductionist. The Marxist theory of class, for example, cannot explain why fundamentalism in Egypt was spearheaded by the modernizing middle class and in Iran by the ↪ulama↩ and bazaaris. However, he also rejects the postmodern approach of Foucault and Edward Said. Although he agrees with Said that religious and cultural texts are poor indicators of Muslim social behavior, he does not believe as Said that discourse is shaped primarily by power. Rather, Moaddel draws inspiration from the works of Robert Wuthnow and Randall Collins in his contention that ideologies are produced within specific historical environments. This approach frees him to consider the myriad resources, intellectual influences, economic structures, and sociopolitical encounters that provide each of his episodes with historical specificity. It is an approach that might be fruitfully adopted to investigate other ideological shifts in the region. One wonders how it might be applied, for example, to understanding the emergence of the Islamic fundamentalist globalism recently investigated by Olivier Roy. Moaddel is explicit about his methodology, but the bulk of his book consists of case studies, which are fleshed out in detail. He references the important secondary works in the field, as well as many primary sources. Teachers and advanced students of Middle East history will appreciate and benefit from the care with which he has assembled his narrative of change and revolution in the heartlands of the Islamic world. In these middle chapters of the book Moaddel provides historical legitimacy to his central claim that "the greater the state's intervention in culture, the higher the likelihood of the rise of political ideologies; and the lower the state's intervention in culture, the higher the likelihood of the rise of social ideologies" (p. 17). Mansoor Moaddel has produced a work of comparative historical sociology that supplies a cogent paradigm for the evolution of modern Muslim ideologies.


Combining literariness with college English teaching has different effect compared with dull linguistic rules teaching.It's an effective teaching method which suits the characteristics of language and teaching objects.


Having children is a transformative experience and may change the way people think about the future. Parents invest time, energy and resources to ensure the survival and reproductive success of offspring. Having children may also induce environmental concerns and investments in actions aimed at guaranteeing the quality of natural resources available to offspring. However, there is limited empirical support for this parenthood effect, and little is known about how environmental attitudes and behaviour change over time following the birth of a child. This pre-registered study uses data from the first seven waves (2009–2015) of the New Zealand Attitudes and Values Study—a longitudinal national probability study of social attitudes, personality, and health outcomes—with multilevel interrupted time series analysis. Respondents' belief in the reality and causes of climate change, sacrifices to standard of living to protect the environment, and changes in daily routine to protect the environment did not change significantly following the birth of a child; and nor were there changes in the underlying trends of attitudes or pre-birth anticipation effects. The study further found no gender differences in the attitudinal effects of childbirth. Additional exploratory analyses suggest that becoming a parent for the first time may increase beliefs in the reality of climate change but does not appear to change other environmental attitudes. Overall, our findings provide little empirical evidence for parenthood effects on environmentalism.


In this work various approaches to the description of conductivity in the anisotropic medium typical for geophysical applications were considered. Four types of the tensor conductivity coefficient were designed. Their influence on modeling of the electromagnetic field at anisotropic medium was investigated. Only one type among this set of tensors was identified as correctly describing the conductive properties of the medium. The results of numerical modeling confirm our theoretical findings.


Abs tract-Pur pose: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a prevalent infection in children. Over the years, the sensitivity and antimicrobial resistance patterns against uropathogens causing this infection have continuously changed. Pediatricians need updated knowledge of the antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns of common uropathogens to provide appropriate treatment. This study aimed to determine the spectrum of causative uropathogens' antimicrobial sensitivity and resistance patterns in pediatric patients. Methods: A single-center, cross-sectional study was conducted from February 2021 to January 2022 at the tertiary care hospital in Rangpur, Bangladesh's northernmost division. A total of 200 children aged 0 months to 12 years with clinically suspected UTIs were enrolled in the study. Researchers reviewed the study participants' medical records and sent the urine sample for routine and microscopic examination and culture sensitivity testing.


Measurements are presented of the dissolution rates in neutral pH simulated lung (SLF) of several man-made vitreous fibers (MMVF) and crocidolite asbestos that were recently in chronic rodent inhalation studies. The measured dissolution rate depended strongly on the fiber composition. The MMVF tested dissolved from 30 times to nearly 1000 times faster than the crocidolite asbestos. Measurements were made in flow-through equipment in four different laboratories in North America and Europe. The standard deviations of the measured values for each fiber were typically between 30 and 50% of average value. It is believed that in order to be relevant to the dissolution of long fibers the extracellular fluid of the lung, the in vitro measurement must be performed at a rate high enough that corrosion products do not accumulate in sufficient concentration affect the dissolution rate.


An ultrasonic sensor (10) usable in an MRI (70) simultaneously with imaging by the MRI (70), the ultrasonic sensor (10) comprising: an ultrasonic transducer (12), an electrical resistor (14), a CTG cable (20), via which the ultrasonic oscillator (12) and the electrical resistance (14) are connectable to a CTG electronics (30), and a housing (17) in which the ultrasonic oscillator (12) and the electrical resistance (14) are housed, wherein the ultrasonic sensor (10) is made of a non-ferromagnetic material, so that it behaves neutral to an external magnetic field, wherein the electrical resistance (14) to the ultrasonic transducer (12) via twisted cables (13) is connected in which housing (17) is further provided a shielding foil (16) which is connected to an inner shield (24) of the CTG cable (20), the inner shield (24) being connected to the CTG mass (32). is connectable, u nd wherein the housing (17) is metallized on the outside, wherein the ...


Petri net is used widely to analyze and model various systems formally. Recently, Many Petri nets mania devote their efforts to enhancing and extending the expressive Power of Petri nets. One such effort is to extend Petri nets with object-oriented concepts. An object-oriented paradigm provides excellent concepts to model real-world problems. Object-oriented concepts allow us to build software systems easily, intuitively and Naturally. Although several high-level Petri nets with the concept of objects are suggested, These nets do not fully support the object-oriented concepts. Object Oriented Methodology lacks the rigor to verify formal validate the designed system. Petri Nets provide formal graphical representation, incorporate concurrency and parallelism. In Colored Petri Nets (CPNs), Objects and object attributes can be modeled with data structures. The hierarchical structure of (CPNs) is useful in representing Class Inheritance and to describe dynamics of objects. To check the correctness of the designed system, there is a need to integrate Object Oriented techniques at design level and use of (CPNs) at the Verification and Validation level in software system development. This paper presents a technique to transform an Object Oriented Design (OOD) into Hierarchical (CPNs) model with Object Oriented Petri Nets Model (OOPNM) approach.


A reduced size planar electromagnetic bandgap structure (EBG) is presented in this study. Method of suspended microstrip line is utilized to examine the transmission characteristics of the EBG and transmission phenomenon are analyzed. The stopband performances of the EBG are also invetigated by varying the dielectric constant and the thickness of the substrate. With the compact geometry a wide band of 17.56 GHz is achieved and the coupling reduction level is around -60 dB. All of the simulated results are presented and discussed. The results validate the effectiveness of the proposed configuration for wide range of applications to improve the system efficiency.


Helioseismic tomography is a promising new method for probing 3-D structures and flows beneath the solar surface. It is based on observation of solar acoustic waves, and provides great possibilities for studying the birth of active regions in the Sun's interior and for understanding the relation between the internal dynamics of active regions and chromospheric and coronal activity. We discuss observational requirements, challenges and limitations of this technique for investigating physical processes in the solar interior on their intrinsic spatial and temporal scales.


Proposes a generalisation of the method of group analysis of differential equations to the symmetry groups more general than Lie-Backlund groups, in particular, to the non-local groups of transformations.


The Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) molecular structure contains lot of important information which is unique in every human being. Storage, processing and manipulation of DNA's structural information in a computer system are still in its infancy. For perfect handling of such type of data, we need a Database Management System. Our research work described in this paper arose from the observation that existing data models and query languages (and the database systems realizing them) do not offer sufficient support for the modelling of DNA structure. This is an attempt to find a good representation for DNA structure and solution to the problem representation of DNA is given in form of an object oriented data model by using the idea of bar code technology. It is shown that the chemical structure of DNA can be encoded in bar code which makes storage of DNA structure a lot simpler than existing approaches. In the end we have proposed a query language (DNA-QL) to store, retrieve and manipulate the biological data. To achieve these objectives, we intend to propose a data model to model DNA structures in a uniform fashion. Development of this type of model and query language enables us the development of DBMS for storing biological structural information of DNA.


In presenting this brief account of the development of our organisation it has been impossible to pay tribute to all those who have contributed so much and who have enabled us to reach our present status. It has been necessary to mention a few names and to highlight parallel developments in the Scottish Association of Occupational Therapists and the Association of Occupational Therapists, and we regret that many names connected with major developments have had to be left out of this short survey covering half a century.


The nutritional value,medicinal value,the processing products economic,social benefits and developing prospect of planting the fruit mulberry were introduced,so as to improve the development of industrialization of fruit mulberry.


Problems found in pre-research at SDN Cangkiran 02 were the lack of use of technology-based learning media and less than optimal learning outcomes focusing on science learning. The research problem formulation is how to develop feasibility and improve student learning outcomes after using storyline-based Spedatua media that conveys material on the human body's circulatory system. This development research aims to develop learning media to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of articulate storyline-based Spedatua media. The research was conducted using the R&D (Research and Development) research model in Sugiono, which includes 10 stages, namely: (1) potential and problems; (2) data collection; (3) product design; (4) design validation; (5) design revision; (6) product testing (7) product revision; (8) trial use; (9) product revision; (10) producing products. The research aims to determine the results of the development and effectiveness of articulate storyline-based Spedatua media. The research results show that the articulate storyline-based Spedatua media is a learning media that can be used in material on the human body's circulatory system in science learning for class V elementary school. The articulate storyline-based Spedatua media was developed by looking at feasibility assessments by material, media, and language experts according to feasible criteria. The material suitability percentage was 91.6% with very feasible criteria, the media suitability percentage was 89% with very feasible criteria, and the language suitability percentage was 86.6% with very feasible criteria. The t-test results after using the articulate storyline-based Spedatua media showed differences in the average pretest and posttest scores. They have increased student learning outcomes by 33.2%. Meanwhile, the n-gain test results on the pretest - posttest showed that the average difference in learning outcomes was 0.638 in the medium criteria. So, there was an increase in learning outcomes before and after using the articulate storyline-based Spedatua media.

Keywords: Spedatua, Learning Media, Science, Articulate Storyline.


Direct CP-asymmetries in inclusive decay modes can be cleanly calculated by exploiting quark-hadron duality. This is in sharp contrast to CP-asymmetries in exclusive channels, where unknown strong phases prevent a clean extraction of CKM parameters from measured CP-asymmetries. We have calculated the inclusive CP-asymmetries in B^{+/-}-decays into charmless final states with strangeness one or strangeness zero. In our results large logarithms are properly summed to all orders. We find
a_{CP} ( Delta S=0 ) = ( 2.0 +1.2 / -1.0) % and
a_{CP} ( Delta S=1 ) = (-1.0 +/- 0.5 ) % .
The constraints on the apex (rho-bar,eta-bar) of the unitarity triangle obtained from these two CP-asymmetries define circles in the (rho-bar,eta-bar)-plane. a_{CP} ( Delta S=0 ) measures sin(gamma) times |V_{cb}/V_{ub}|. The presented work has been done in collaboration with Gaby Ostermaier and Alexander Lenz.


The effective production practice is an important step for the training of talented personnel with the ability of logistics engineering.And the plan of production pratice for logistics engineering is the key factor.The problems existing in the current teaching of the production practice are analyzed.Then,the organization mode,the advanced teaching method,the implementation process is designed using the experience of domestic and abroad successful teaching as reference.Finally,the optimum method of the circle plan for the production practice is put forward based on information integration and the dynamic capability of the enterprises.


Introduction: Malignant tumors in children are rare but serious conditions as they can impair function and survival. Tumors in pediatric patients can originate from the orbit. Rarely, the tumor spreads to the adjacent areas and occasionally it may metastasize. Objectives: The objective of this study is to present the common symptoms and the clinical and radiological characteristics of most common malignant orbital tumors in children. Materials and methods : Through the discussion of 4 clinical cases of children presenting with exophthalmos due to a tumor, the authors highlight that clinical symptoms are usually less specific, and that imaging has an important role in diagnosis, determining location, and local and regional expansion of the tumor in order to find the adequate therapy. Results: Our patients' ages ranged from 2 to 5 years. The revealing sign in each case was a unilateral exophthalmos due to a tumor, which could only be reduced minimally or not at all. Its evolution has been rapidly progressive. Orbital imaging and histologic study, if biopsy was possible, allowed guiding the positive diagnosis of the malignant nature and its local and regional spreading, as well as the adequate treatment. Conclusion: Orbital tumors are rare in the pediatric population. However, due to recent remarkable progress obtained through both complimentary diagnostic tools and treatments, these malignancies deserve the attention of both the ophthalmologists and the pediatricians.


A sensor barrier consists of a subset of sensors that divide an area of interest into two regions so that no intruder can move from one region to another without being detected by at least one sensor. The length of time over which the sensors protect the area can be maximized if the sensors are divided into disjoint barriers, and only one barrier is active at a time. Dividing the sensors into a maximum number of disjoint barriers can be done with the well-known Stint algorithm. However, recently, a new security problem was discovered, known as a barrier-breach, that allows an intruder to cross the area undetected by taking advantage of the time when one barrier is replaced by the next. This is dependent not on the structure of an individual sensor barrier, but on the relative shape of two consecutive sensor barriers. There have been several heuristics proposed in the literature that attempt to maximize the number of breach-free barriers. In recent work, we proposed a heuristic that outperforms earlier heuristics. In this paper, we refine our previous heuristic to deliver even better performance than before by the careful elimination of redundant nodes. In addition, me present a simple modification of the Stint algorithm that results in a method that outperforms all others when the density of sensors nodes is very high. Keywords–Sensor networks; Barrier coverage; Security breaches.


On Monday, July 22, the annual Chapter Chair luncheon and training held during the 2019 IEEE International Symposium on EMC+SIPI was a big success! Over 32 Chapter chairs or Representatives, Angels and guests came to check out what wonderful activities the Chapters have organized this year.


In contemporary society, the Internet has sharply redesigned both the scenario of communication and education. By connecting computers and portable devices, the Net has allowed access and planetary sharing of information. This has resulted in a new cultural revolution called "infosphere" by philosopher Luciano Floridi. This revolution needs a specific philosophy. The philosophy of education as a philosophical science can play a critical role in the age of the Infosphere. Based on these premises, this paper aims to deepen, by a hermeneutical methodology approach, the meanings of philosophy of education within the age of digital culture. Secondly, it seeks to understand its possible role and function as a science of digital education within contemporary communication scenarios. To explore this second aim, we have conducted some focus groups with secondary education teachers. A text analysis software has analysed the qualitative data collected through the focus groups. Thanks to this analysis, we have been able to sketch a concept map of the philosophy of education and show its potential as an educational science capable of understanding and removing possible paradoxes, criticalities, obscure and hidden aspects of the Internet. The paper will conclude by highlighting the relevance of the philosophy of education as a critical tool for contemporary teachers and educators who deal with the Internet and ICT.


The visual attraction of adult Tabanus nigrovittatus to various hues and intensities was studied in a Spartina salt marsh in Essex Co., Massachusetts, USA, using 2-dimensional sticky panels. Collections consisted mainly of host-seeking parous females (98%); the remainder were nulliparous females and males. Parous females were strongly attracted to blue and moderately attracted to black and red, all of which have low reflectance from 400 to 800 nm. Yellow, yellow-green, and white were consistently unattractive. Attraction to white panels, with and without UV reflection, and aluminum foil varied inversely with the amount of UV reflected. Increasing or decreasing intensity of hues increased attraction of flies, a result of increased contrast with the background.


Intramolecular aromatic substitution by a N-chloro-N-methoxyamide group to a suitably situated aromatic ring in the molecule is performed by using anhydrous zinc acetate and nitromethane as solvent to give nitrogen heterocycles in good yield.


Background  Different oral lichen planus (OLP) scoring scales have been developed, though none has received unanimous acceptance from all authors. This study involves the clinical application of two symptom and sign measurement scales for assessing OLP.


Simulations of ozone loss rates using a three-dimensional chemical transport model and a box model during recent Antarctic and Arctic winters are compared with experimental loss rates. The study focused on the Antarctic winter 2003, during which the first Antarctic Match campaign was organized, and on Arctic winters 1999/2000, 2002/2003. The maximum ozone loss rates retrieved by the Match technique for the winters and levels studied reached 6 ppbv/sunlit hour and both types of simulations could generally reproduce the observations at 2-sigma error bar level. In some cases, for example, for the Arctic winter 2002/2003 at 475 K level, an excellent agreement within 1-sigma standard deviation level was obtained. An overestimation was also found with the box model simulation at some isentropic levels for the Antarctic winter and the Arctic winter 1999/2000, indicating an overestimation of chlorine activation in the model. Loss rates in the Antarctic show signs of saturation in September, which have to be considered in the comparison. Sensitivity tests were performed with the box model in order to assess the impact of kinetic parameters of the ClO-Cl2O2 catalytic cycle and total bromine content on the ozone loss rate. These tests resulted in a maximum change in ozone loss rates of 1.2 ppbv/sunlit hour, generally in high solar zenith angle conditions. In some cases, a better agreement was achieved with fastest photolysis of Cl2O2 and additional source of total inorganic bromine but at the expense of overestimation of smaller ozone loss rates derived later in the winter.


The Covid-19 pandemic and ensuing economic crisis have introduced manifold dislocations in Americans' lives. Using novel survey data samples of SNAP recipients and Census Pulse survey data, we examine the socio-economic insecurities faced by low-income/benefits-eligible households during the early months of the crisis. Five repeated online surveys of SNAP recipients included measures of perceived and realized housing insecurity, food scarcity, new debt accrual, and recent job loss as indicators of Covid-induced shocks. We then compared our SNAP beneficiaries data to the Census data from a similar period on job loss, food insecurity, and housing precarity. Food insecurity and debt accrual worsened significantly between April and June 2020. Job losses also compounded, albeit at a slower rate. The proportion of respondents reporting multiple types of precarity increased over the month. Compared to Latinx and White respondents, Black respondents were more likely to experience Covid-induced precarity across three out of four indicators, and they experienced more types simultaneously on average. The results provide early systematic evidence on the economic impact of the Covid-19 crisis on poor Americans and racial disparities therein.


Let G be a graph of size n with vertex set V (G) and edge set E(G). A ρlabeling of G is a one-to-one function h : V (G) → {0, 1, . . . , 2n} such that {min{|h(u)−h(v)|, 2n+1−|h(u)−h(v)|} : {u, v} ∈ E(G)} = {1, 2, . . . , n}. Such a labeling of G yields a cyclicG-decomposition ofK2n+1. It is known that 2-regular bipartite graphs, the vertex-disjoint union of C3's, and the vertex-disjoint union of C5's all admit ρ-labelings. We show that for any odd n ≥ 7, the vertex-disjoint union of any number of Cn's admits a ρ-labeling.


The poetic beauty lies in artistic conception,which consists of various images including cultural images.As far as translating cultural images is concerned,there exists a distinction of literal translation and free translation in the practice of translating classical Chinese poems into their English counterparts.The latter is not feasible in that it abandons the concrete images for the Abstract meaning at the cost of either the poem's artistic conception or its entailment.The former is superior to the latter,and having images is better than having none.


Despite the attractive merits of high-capacity strands, the application in bridge girders is limited due to concerns, including concrete cracking, excessive stress, and cambers. An efficient and defect-free production is the first step to wide application. The objective of this research was to alleviate the production concerns of prestressed concrete bridge girders using high-capacity strands. A gigantic prestressed concrete box girder using 18-mm strands was produced; its entire fabrication process (from strand stressing to detension) was introduced. Sixteen temperature gauges were embedded in the girder to monitor the hydration of the large volume of concrete and the adjacent environmental temperature. Moreover, displacement transducers were used to measure the camber at detension; load cells were installed to monitor the variations of the prestressing strand tensile forces during fabrication. Monitoring and analysis showed that the timing of the detension is determined by the hydration of the concrete, the compressive strength of the concrete, and its modulus of elasticity or age. Since the tensile forces in strands are affected by the concrete's internal temperature, the detension is conducted after the concrete temperature falls back (close to its initial value); otherwise, unfavorable and considerable prestress losses are caused. Finally, a 4-d detension was suggested since the hydration was not a concern at the time; the predicted prestress loss and camber were acceptable and the concrete material properties at 4 d satisfied the requirements.


In this research study, a novel metaheuristic approach using nanotechnology is proposed, known as Artificial Carbon Nanotube Synthesis Optimization (ACNSO), in order to develop a vaccine cold chain network in north of Thailand. The scope of the study emphasizes Area 1 of the Office Disease Prevention and Control in the Chiang Mai region. Vaccines must be transported both to the Provincial Health Offices and hospitals in the region. This study seeks to arrange the transportation routes involved in order to achieve the shortest possible total distance. The algorithm must first of all assess the travel conditions between each point in the network, and then generate the starting solution. Efficient solutions to this problem will cut the total processing time. The study then made a comparison between the results produced by ACNSO algorithm and those of other algorithms used in earlier studies. Full factorial design was the statistical approach used to evaluate the optimal parameters for the algorithm. The experiment was designed to examine the various factors which influence the algorithm performance. The results showed that ACNSO algorithm found the best solution in experimental algorithms and 3 processing time.


Formal recognition in the Philippines of the importance of education for economic and social development has facilitated the development of non-formal education programmes. This article reviews this development through a detailed discussion of the five major sectors of non-formal education programmes including livelihood skills and certification and equivalency programs. Despite significant progress in the development and delivery of non-formal education over the last twenty years, it is concluded that a shortfall remains between actual achievements and the potential to enrich the whole educational system. Problems contributing to this shortfall are identified and policy makers are encouraged to address the imbalance of resources directed to non-formal educational programmes.


Digital signal processing (DSP) cores are an essential component of consumer electronics (CE) systems. These DSP intellectual property (IP) cores are prone to threats such as piracy and counterfeiting and therefore need security using sophisticated low-cost techniques. This paper presents a novel low-cost security approach for designing a low-cost DSP hardware core using a signature-free steganography algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO). The proposed security methodology achieves higher robustness (i.e., stronger digital evidence as evident from the lower probability of coincidence) and lower design cost than state-of-the-art watermarking approaches. The proposed method integrates IP steganography with PSO-based Design Space Exploration (DSE) to generate low-cost secured DSP hardware architecture. This work also demonstrates the proposed approach on discrete cosine transform (DCT) IP core.


Through substrates vias (TSVs) are an important design feature to facilitate chip mounting, to enhance electrical performance especially at high frequencies and to yield good heat spreading. To process TSVs in silicon carbide (SiC) as base material, the SiC wafers are bonded by means of a temporary wafer bond process to a supporting carrier, thinned to the desired target thickness, furnished with an etch mask, and then etched by means of a plasma etch process. We have analyzed the stress in the wafer stack due to the bonding and plasma etch processes. We found that the stress in the wafer-carrier sandwich due to bonding originates mainly from the different coefficients of thermal expansion of the materials. The bow of the wafer-carrier composite during the etch process in the plasma reactor was measured in real time with an on-line sensor. The effects of the mechanical mounting of the composite in the reactor and the helium back cooling as well as the impact of the etch plasma could be determined independently. This allowed to develop an etch process that exerts less stress and minimizes mechanical failure of the wafers.


Introduction A basic understanding of the Indian legal and criminal justice systems is essential for comprehending the subsequent chapters of this book. Hence, in this Chapter, I provide a brief introduction to the Indian criminal justice system. I discuss, among other things, the hierarchy of courts, pre-trial and trial processes, and the appellate process. The Legal System The Constitution of India provides for a federal system, in which legislative powers are divided between the central, state and local governments. Article 246 read with Schedule VII to the Constitution, demarcates legislative powers between the centre and the states. Schedule VII consists of three lists – the 'Union List' (List I), the 'State List' (List II), and the 'Concurrent List' (List III). Matters enumerated in the Union and State Lists are within the exclusive legislative competence of the Union Parliament and State Legislatures, respectively. Both the Parliament and State Legislatures are competent to legislate on matters in the Concurrent List. However, in the event of repugnancy between a state and a central law, the central law prevails to the extent of repugnancy. Criminal law and criminal procedure find a place in the Concurrent List, whereas police and prisons are in the State List. The Indian judiciary is unitary in nature, with courts having the power to adjudicate on both central and state laws – there is no separate federal and state judiciary in this respect. The Supreme Court of India sits at the apex of the judicial system. Additionally, each state has its own High Court, although Parliament has the power to establish a common High Court for two or more states. High Courts are at the apex of the state judiciary, below which are a set of subordinate courts in the districts. One major distinction between India and other common law countries is that India does not follow the jury system. Trials in serious criminal cases are generally conducted only in district courts, by judges sitting individually. The High Courts and the Supreme Court are appellate courts. Judges in the Supreme Court and the High Courts generally sit in panels of two or more (depending on the nature of the case) and do not sit en banc .


Motors built with high-temperature superconductors are smaller, lighter, quieter more powerful, use no fuel, don't pollute-and have application in all aspects of everyday life.


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Translational research in head and neck on- cology is subject to the same laws as all oth- er solid tumors. It is based on the one hand on a solid framework of well prepared clinical studies and / or workflows according to con- sensus criteria with comparable documenta- tion of clinical outcomes, while on the oth- er on methodolgically solid and reproducible laboratory research within an effeciently in- teracting network. Translationally applicable single molecular markers from basic research


human being, a condition characterized by an infinite and unfulfilled desire of a unity without contradictions, by the ignorance of the last meaning of our existence, by suffering and weakness. Following the lines of reasoning of authors such as Maurice Blanchot, Jean Luc Nancy, and Roberto Esposito, the awareness of a common ontological condition characterized by basic emotional tonalities such as anxiety, joy, fear, tedium, suffering should stimulate us to think of social solidarity more in terms of need than in terms of what we have in common. Finally, this common ontological condition should press us to think about tolerance in terms of epistemic modesty towards our own claims, more than in terms of indifference or radical relativism, and should foster a sense of ethical responsibility towards other people and their authenticity.


—The artifacts described in this document belong to the paper 'Socio-technical anti-patterns in building ML-enabled software: Insights from Leaders on the Forefront'. We conducted a large-scale qualitative analysis of existing videos from an online community employing reflexive thematic analysis. This way, we generated 17 anti-patterns in seven contexts and development activities with corresponding causes and recommendation. The artifacts contain initial, interim, and final themes and corresponding codes, showing the evolution of codes and naming of the themes.


Objectives: In this study, it was aimed to evaluate the sleep and quality of life of patients who applied to the pain center with the complaint of chronic low back pain(CLBP). Patients and methods: This prospective observational study was conducted between May and June 2018 at the diyarbakır state hospital pain center. Fifty adult patients aged between 20 and 78 years {group 1 = PSQI ≤ 5 12 patients (24%) with good sleep quality, group 2 = PSQI ≥5 38 patients with poor sleep quality (76%)} were included in the study. The Sociodemographic Form, Short Form 36 (SF-36), The Roland-Morris Low Back Pain and Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) were used in the evaluation of the data. Results: The average age of participants was 42.9 ± 7,67 (range 20 78) years. The mean RMDQ score of the participants was 18.1 ± 4.4. Sleep quality was good in 12 (24%), sleep quality in 38 (76%) was poor (mean, 8.76 ± 4.04 points). The highest rated PSQI components were sleep latency, sleep disturbances, and daytime dysfunction. The relationship between the RMDQ score and sleep quality was assessed by t test and the RMDQ scores of the subjects with poor sleep quality were found to be higher, the difference between the groups was statistically significant. There was also a weak relationship between functional disability and sleep quality (Spearman = 0.31; p = 0.025), so the higher the disability, the worse the sleep quality. Patients with PSQI sleep quality of 5 and above showed lower SF-36 values and a statistically significant negative correlation between them (r = 0.35, p <0.001). Conclusion: The results obtained from the study indicate that it is important to evaluate individuals with CLBP in terms of sleep and quality of life.


This work is devoted to the production of flexible continuous ceramic fibers based on refractory aluminum and silicon oxides using the Sol-gel method. The processes of transition of water-soluble components of the precursor solution to the oxide form during primary firing of gelified fibers are studied. Structural and phase transformations in fibers under high-temperature heating are examined. The sequence of phase transitions from the amorphous state to the crystal stable phase of α-Al2O3 is shown. The dependence of the mechanical properties of oxide fiber samples on the firing temperature is studied. The conditions for obtaining flexible fibers for textile processing into thrown-twisted heat-resistant yarns are determined. A batch of yarns has been made with additional introduction of organic yarns to protect oxide fibers. The article shows the possibility of manufacturing flexible high-temperature insulation from oxide fibers in the form of a braid for sealing cords and current conductors.


Abstract Biuret, a common impurity in urea fertilizers, is toxic to plants, but little is known about the physiological mechanisms underlying its toxicity. Here, we analyzed biuret toxicity in rice (Oryza sativa) plants. We carried out uptake experiments using 15N‐labelled biuret and demonstrated that biuret could reach sub millimolar concentrations in rice plants. We also demonstrated that the hydrolysis of biuret in plant cells could confer biuret tolerance to rice plants. This occurred because transgenic rice plants that overexpressed an exogenous biuret hydrolase cloned from a soil bacterium gained improved tolerance to biuret toxicity. Our results indicate that biuret toxicity is not an indirect toxicity caused by the presence of biuret outside the roots, and that biuret is not quickly metabolized in wild‐type rice plants. Additionally, it was suggested that biuret was used as an additional nitrogen source in transgenic rice plants, because biuret hydrolase‐overexpressing rice plants accumulated more biuret‐derived N, as compared to wild‐type rice.


The different manufacturing processes automatization and creating a modern digital document transferring system is an important problem for enhancing factory performance. This paper presents the results of developing an automated information system for manufacturing monolithic integrated circuits. Server and client solutions have been developed supported features of electronic covering documents, making automated on-wafer electrical characteristics measurement, and measurement data analysis.


Sheng Mai San (SMS), a compound formulation in traditional Chinese medicine comprising Panax ginseng, Schisandra chinensis and Ophiopogon japonicus, is used for the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. In the present study, we have demonstrated the presence of both in vivo and in vitro antioxidant activities in SMS, as indicated by its ability to protect against CCl4 induced hepatotoxicity in rats and to scavenge superoxide radicals generated in an in vitro system. Our results indicate that the antioxidant activity of SMS is derived mainly from Schisandra chinensis.


The effect of heat treatment performed at 800 °C, 900 °C and 1000 °C for 1 hour on structural and martensitic transformation properties of Ni-25.5 at.%Ta high temperature shape memory alloy has been examined. Morphological observations by SEM-EDS showed that the heat treatment affected directly microstructural properties of the alloy. Microstructure of the heat treated samples is composed of intermetallic Ni-rich Ni8Ta and Ta-rich NiTa2 compound in the Ni3Ta matrix. In addition to these phases, orthorhombic Ni3Ta phase was only observed in the sample heat-treated at 1000 °C. Structural investigations of alloy the samples by XRD indicated that the martensitic crystal orientation of the samples changed with heat treatments. DSC measurements revealed that all the samples displayed high temperature shape memory behavior with martensitic transformation temperatures of above 200 °C. Vicker's microhardness measurements showed that the microhardness of the alloy influenced dramatically by applying heat treatments, especially at 800 and 900°C.


Genetic algorithms (GA) have been widely applied to digital circuit optimization. With the increase of the complexity and the larger problem scale of digital circuits, GAs are most frequently faced with the problems of premature convergence, slow iterations to reach the global optimal solution and getting stuck at a local optimum. A novel chaos genetic algorithm (CGA) based on the chaos optimization algorithm (COA) and genetic algorithm (GA), which makes use of internal randomness of chaos iterations, is proposed to overcome the problem of premature local optimum and also to increase the convergence speed of genetic algorithm. CGA integrates powerful global searching capability of the GA with powerful local searching capability of the COA. Two measures are adopted in order to improve the performance of the GA. The first one is the adoption of chaos optimization of the initialization to improve species quality and to maintain the population diversity. The second is the utilization of annealing chaotic mutation operation to replace standard mutation operator in order to avoid the search being trapped in local optimum. The Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm[11-13] and multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA), n-cardinally alphabet and a two stage fitness function genetic algorithm (NGA), which often used as benchmarks for contemporary optimization algorithms and evolutionary computation, are first employed to evaluate the performance of the GA and CGA. The test results indicate that CGA can improve convergence speed and solution accuracy. Furthermore, the developed algorithm is applied to several test circuits and it is benchmarked with different optimization algorithms. The results show that CGA has the best and its convergent speed not only is faster than dynamic programming largely, but also overpasses the standard GA.


Trimetallic double hydroxide (NiFeCo-OH) was prepared by co-precipitation, from which three different catalysts were fabricated by different heat-treatments, all at 350 °C maximum temperature. Among the prepared catalysts, the one that has been prepared at a heating and cooling rate of 2 °C min -1 in N 2 atmosphere (designated NiFeCo-N 2 -2 °C) displays the best catalytic properties after stability test, i.e. high current density (9.06 mA cm -2  @ 320 mV), low Tafel slope (72.9 mV dec -1 ), good stability (over 20 hours), high turnover frequency (0.304 s -1 ), and high mass activity (46.52 A g -1  @ 320 mV). Stability tests reveal that the hydroxide phase is not suitable for long-term usage, compared to catalysts with an oxide phase. We identify two causes for the loss of stability in the hydroxide phase. (a) Distribution function of relaxation times (DFRT) modelling reveals increase of resistance contributed by various relaxation processes. (b) Density functional theory (DFT) surface energy calculations reveal that the higher surface energy of hydroxide phase catalyst impairs the stability. Our findings show a new strategy to optimize the best catalyst for water splitting.


Three simple colorimetric anion sensors (1, 2, and 3) containing anthrone, 1,3-indanedione, and malononitrile as signaling chromophores and an indole binding site have been designed and synthesized. The introduction of electron-withdrawing groups can not only provide chromogenic signal output, but also tune the sensitivity and selectivity of indole-based anion sensors by electron push–pull features. Their anion binding and sensing properties were investigated in detail by dramatic color changes, UV–vis absorption, and 1H NMR. As results revealed, sensor 1 showed high selectivity for F- over AcO- and H2PO4- with a distinct change in color due to the deprotonation of indole NH group. The excellent selectivity of 1 for F- can be attributed to the fitness in the acidity of its NH-group, which is tuned to be able to distinguish the subtle difference in the affinity of F-, AcO-, and H2PO4- to NH proton.


The purpose of this study is first, to identify the elements of the existing Housing Act which give it characteristics of a special law, and second, to ascertain its problems and corresponding solutions. The current housing market is undergoing significant changes. As a result, there is a growing need for an improvement of the existing Housing Act, which revolves around the 1) "Mass Supply-oriented Policy" and 2) "Excessive Intervention". This study will offer an analysis focusing on problems arising out of "promotion laws" existing in the Housing Act, especially the legal fiction of the First-class District Unit Plan (the act on the planning and use of national territory). The problems and resolutions that result from the analysis are as follows: First, in order to avoid inclusion in the First-class District Unit Plan most housing developers carry out the development of their housing development projects under the Housing Act. Therefore, an improvement in the development approval system is needed. Second, with the rise in the number of commercial buildings that do not fall under the Housing Act, there has also been an increase in the number of residential complexes to which the Housing Act also does not apply. Thus, with the current Housing Act, there is a need for a supplementary plan to systematically manage small-scale residential development projects. Third, with the gradual easing of the housing shortage of the past, the Housing Act must now undergo a legislative shift from being supply-centered to demand-centered. Thus, supplementary measures are required to improve the Housing Act, and the authority to manage housing policies must shift from the central government to the regional government.


The Zagreb Collection of human brains was founded at the University of Zagreb School of Medicine in the early 1970s by Professor Ivica Kostović. Over the last 40 years, the Collection has been augmented with over 100 000 histological slides of the brain tissue (1,2). The tissue samples were obtained from more than 1300 human brains in all stages of development, including fetal and early postnatal period, both from healthy individuals and individuals with developmental, psychiatric, and neurological conditions (3-11).


Social networks place an important role in sharin g knowledge, retrieving information from various websites.Recent studies suggest that an increasing participation of people in online activities like c ontent publishing, different kinds of relationships and interactions a mong people in online social network web sites. Web Data Extraction is an important problem that has been st udied by means of different scientific tools and in a broad range of application domains. This survey aims at providi ng a comprehensive overview of the research efforts made in the field of Profile Extraction from the Academic Socia l Network. In this paper tried to review some of th e accomplished research of expert finding and profile extraction. The contribution of this paper is base d on the extraction of social networks and a research framew ork for analyzing the experts in specified topics a nd co-author relationships in researcher network using various a lgorithms and tools.


Because lignites contain acidic and other functional groups, the inorganic matter associated with them can consist not only of discrete mineral phases but also of cations associated with the organic matter. That much of the inorganic matter can be held in the latter way is likely to have an important influence on the role or fate of inorganic matter in processes utilizing lignites. A number of elements (Ca, Mg, N, K, Sr, Ba, and Mn) were found to be present in all samples largely or partly in ion-exchangeable form, little variation with depth in the seam being observed. In particular, 70 to 90% of the calcium in all samples was ion-exchangeable, so that the formation of calcite deposits in liquefaction reactors is likely to be a general phenomenon when low-rank coals are used. Certain elements (Be, V, Al, Ti, Fe) appeared to be present largely or partly as chelated organic complexes decomposable by acid. Since such complexes will often be soluble in organic liquids, poisoning of liquefaction catalysts by Ti is likely also to be a common phenomenon. A number of elements (Si, Al, K, Mg, Zr, Ti) were largely or partly associated with detrital mineral phases. A variety ofmore » trace elements (e.g., Be, V, Cu, Yb, Sc, Ge, Ga), and also acid-soluble Ti, showed major enrichments in the margins of the seams, implying important influences of the organic matter on the trapping of the elements. It also follows that the concentration of a number of elements that may be deleterious to a process or environmentally hazardous could be materially reduced by a selective mining process that rejected, or diverted to other use, a relatively small fraction of a seam near the margins.« less


Watermelon commodity has the highest productivity compared to other superior fruit commodities in Banyuwangi Regency. However, the land area and production of watermelon commodities are still quite volatile and their distribution is uneven. Therefore, a regional approach for watermelon commodities is needed in Banyuwangi Regency. This study aimed to determine the watermelon commodity base area, the characteristics of the watermelon commodity distribution, and the carrying capacity of the watermelon commodity on fruit horticultural crops in the Banyuwangi Regency. The determination of the research area was carried out intentionally in Banyuwangi Regency. The analytical methods used were Location Quotient (LQ) analysis, localization and specialization analysis, as well as Basic Service Ratio (BSR) and Regional Multiplier (RM) analysis. The results of the analysis show that the sub-district area was the basis for watermelon commodities in Banyuwangi Regency. The characteristics of the distribution of watermelon commodities in the Banyuwangi Regency were not localized. Watermelon farming activities are not concentrated in one sub-district but spread to several sub-districts in Banyuwangi Regency. The results of the analysis of the Basic Service Ratio (BSR) and Regional Multiplier (RM) of watermelon commodities produce more than one value. The existence of watermelon commodity farming activities can support fruit horticultural farming activities in Banyuwangi Regency.


The predicted growth in electrification of the grid-storage and transportation sectors has seemingly left the research community a significant responsibility in developing a more robust portfolio of materials solutions. Specifically, it has become clear that beyond simply meeting/exceeding the current technical requirements, new technologies would do well to align with the goals of sustainable development in supporting market growth. Current state-of-the-art, Li-ion cathodes, based heavily in Ni, will continue to play an important role. However, alternatives to these chemistries will be critical in diversifying supply chains and expanding the available portfolio of electrode materials towards a more sustainable future. Among the potential candidates for next-generation cathodes are Lithium- and Manganese-rich oxides. These oxides remain attractive because of their intrinsically high, specific capacities/energies and the economic benefits they offer through earth-abundant, Mn-rich (>50%) compositions.
 This presentation will discuss research and development efforts at Argonne National Laboratory aimed at advancing cathode materials that are rich in manganese and have the potential to be cost competitive for electric vehicle applications and beyond. Research efforts into mitigation of issues related to several identified critical barriers, such as impedance, will be discussed.


This article analyses Book V of De Aedificiis, specifically focusing on Aed. V, 6–9. Building on previous studies that demonstrate Procopius' journey within this book along an ancient road traditionally used by pilgrims, it is noted how, in what can be considered the second part of the book, the historian focuses on the churches built by Justinian for the Theotokos, all situated on high points in Palestine. Based on this, the article seeks to explain how this insistence on the churches of the Virgin on hillsides, combined with the theme of pilgrimage, serves court propaganda, which may have promoted a de-Judaization and a de-Nestorianization of Palestine. Additionally, it is hypothesized that Procopius may have drawn inspiration, given the subject matter, from a genre closely related to pilgrimage, such as that of itineraria.


An infrared laser heterodyne spectrometer has been developed to measure solar absorption lines of atmospheric minor constituents by using a PbSnTe diode laser and a CO2 laser as local oscillators. The system is capable of operating aboard an airplane in order to detect stratospheric molecules in very low concentrations by observing the sun near sunset or sunrise at the horizontal direction. The test operation on the ground shows that the sensitivity of the photomixer attains the quantum noise limit when a diode laser as well as a CO2 laser is used and the number of absorption lines of stratospheric ozone are successfully measured.


1. In t roduc t ion Up to now a l o t of var ious d e f i n i t i o n s of the not ion of a measure of noncompactness have been proposed (see e . g . b i bliography in [ 8 ] ) . Almost in a l l d e f i n i t i o n s a measure of noncompactness i s a f u n c t i o n which i s def ined on,the family of a l l nonempty and bounded subse t s of a metr ic space with r e a l nonnegative values and ye t s a t i s f i e s some other condi t i o n s ( c f . [ 8 ] ) . Among those condi t ions the most c h a r a c t e r i s t i c i s t ha t which r e q u i r e s the measure of noncompactness to be equal to zero on the whole family of a l l r e l a t i v e l y compact, s e t s . The most important measures of noncompactness are the Kura towski measure a and the Hausdorff measure 2 [ 8 ] . The l a s t one i s def ined hy the formula


Summary and Conclusions The results of this study support thecommon investment advice calling forriskier portfolio allocations for longerinvestment horizons. This support is con-sistent whether the risk measure of inter-est is standard deviation or semivariance,with optimal portfolio allocation sugges-tions based on the Sharpe ratio and thereward-to-semivariability ratio. For invest-ment horizons from 5 to 20 years, thereward-to-semivariabity ratio suggestsmore aggressive allocations for portfolioswith large and small stocks. For portfoliosof large stocks and long-term corporatebonds, more aggressive allocations are sug-gested for investment horizons through 15years, based on the reward-to-semivariabil-ity ratio. At the 20-year investment hori-zon, the Sharpe ratio indicates a 70 per-cent large stock and 30 percent long-termbond portfolio as optimal, compared withthe R/SV recommended allocation of 68percent to large stocks.Investors may benefit from reducingtheir investment risk by allocating approxi-mately 50 percent to bonds when theinvestment horizon is only five years (a 59percent bond allocation based on theSharpe ratio and 40 percent based onR/SV). A 50 percent bond allocation, how-ever, on average, would have reduced port-folio-ending value by approximately 50percent, on average, compared with an all-large stock portfolio over a 20-year invest-ment horizon. Investment time horizonsare a significant consideration in the assetallocation decision and should not beignored. Investment advisors should takeheed and base asset allocation recommen-dations on reward-to-risk measures derivedfrom investment horizons similar to thoseof their client.B


Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is an important pathogen in salmonid aquaculture and is responsible for furunculosis, a common infectious disease in salmon, trout and char. The type-three secretion system (T3SS) is considered as the major virulence attribute of A. salmonicida. It is used by the bacterium to secrete and translocate a large number of toxins and effector proteins into the host cell. Some of these factors such as the bi-functional ADP ribosylating – GTPase activating protein AexT have been shown to have a detrimental impact on the integrity of the cell cytoskeleton, and hence contribute to impair phagocytosis. Other effector proteins that are injected to the host cell such as AopP act by inhibiting the NF-κB signalling pathway blocking the translocation of NF-κB (p65) into the nucleus, thus influencing the host's inflammatory response. Several additional effectors that are secreted and translocated via the T3SS including Ati2, AopN and ExsE have been suggested to modulate the host's immune response in particular by down regulating the inflammatory reaction. The analysis of the immune response in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected with virulent, T3SS harbouring A. salmonicida subsp. salmonicida revealed that the infection leads to a rapid and strong downregulation of several immune-relevant markers affecting both the innate and the adaptive immune response, leading to mortality of the infected fish. In contrast, infection with a T3SS deficient mutant causes a normal immune reaction and clearing of the pathogen. These findings show that T3SS-delivered effector molecules and toxins of A. salmonicida do not only impair the host's cytoskeleton thus damaging cell physiology and phagocytosis, but also affect the transcription of critical immune markers including the shut-down of important warning signals to recognize infection and induce immune defense.


We have performed large-scale CO observations with the millimeter/submillimeter telescope NANTEN toward a FIR looplike structure whose angular extent is ~20° × 20° around (l,b) ~ (109°, - 45°) in Pegasus. Its diameter corresponds to ~25 pc at a distance of 100 pc, adopted from that of the star HD 886 (B2 IV) near the center of the loop. We covered the looplike structure in the 12CO (J = 1-0) emission at 4'-8' grid spacing and in the 13CO (J = 1-0) emission at 2' grid spacing for the 12CO-emitting regions. The 12CO distribution is found to consist of 78 small clumpy clouds of mass 0.04-11 M☉, of which ~83% have very small masses <1.0 M☉. 13CO observations revealed significant 13CO emission in 18 of the 78 12CO clouds. 13CO emission was detected in the region where the column density of H2 derived from 12CO is >5 × 1020 cm-2, corresponding to AV ~ 1 mag, which takes into account that of H I. We find no indication of star formation in these clouds in the IRAS and 2MASS point source catalogs. The very low mass clouds, M ≤ 1 M☉, identified are unusual in that they have a very weak 12CO peak temperature of 0.5-2.7 K and that they aggregate in a region of a few parsecs with no main massive clouds; in contrast, similar low-mass clouds <1 M☉ in other regions previously observed including those at high Galactic latitude are all associated with more massive main clouds of ~100 M☉. Comparison with a theoretical work on molecular cloud formation suggests that the very low mass clouds may have been formed in the shocked layer through thermal instability. HD 886 may be the source of the mechanical luminosity via stellar winds to create shocks, forming the looplike structure where the very low mass clouds are embedded.


Cross-Cultural Hermeneutics: A Call One of the great and exciting facts of our times is that the Church has truly become global. "The whole of Christianity is undergoing a rapid `de-Europeanization,' a jarring demographic metamorphosis that is dismantling the thousand-year old idea of `Christendom.1But the change is not merely demographic. Christianity has become truly polycentric. In spite of the continuing financial power of the Western churches, the creative theological strength and the vitality of Christian faith in areas outside the traditional Christendom are remarkable. The theological voices from Third World countries are increasingly loud and clear. Cultures around the world have come to shape the human voices that answer and articulate the voice of Christ in hitherto unheard-of ways. It is also the case that when there is a clear lack of confidence in the gospel in the West and churches are increasingly marginalized, the gospel is lived out and witnessed to vibrantly in more diverse languages and cultures of the South than ever before. As we step into the first decades of this millennium, well over sixty percent of Christians live in the South and worship and witness to Christ in idioms previously unimaginable in Christian history. Lambeth 1998 is a dramatic manifestation of this reality. As one who was present at both Lambeth 1978 and 1998, I can testify to the visible change within the Anglican Communion. From the colorful and multicultural opening worship, through the daily eucharistic celebration in the tradition and cultural idiom of one or another of the member churches to the closing moments, Lambeth 98 was a testimony to the irreversible fact that the Anglican Communion is, indeed, global. Lambeth 98 has also demonstrated in no uncertain terms that doctrinal discussions within the communion can no more be undertaken within a Euro-American framework. For the fullness of the truth, it now appears clear, the diverse cultural expressions of faith must be brought into a healthy dialogue. These developments in almost all Christian world communions point also to the enormous potential within the churches to be credible signs and instruments of a reconciled human community that God intends for all humans across all cultural, racial and ethnic divides. Yet it is the stark and painful reality of our times that both in the Church and in the world at large, diversity itself has become a central problem threatening the very life and unity of the Church and the very fabric of human community. Several post-Lambeth 98 developments in the Anglian Communion betray the fact that for many, the diversity of expressions of faith and practice in the Church is deeply disturbing. That James Solheim titled his extensive reflection on the Conference as Diversity or Disunity?2 is suggestive of the problem. Across all the churches around the world, many find it difficult to experience diversity as "a rich blessing upon the church, bestowed by the Holy Spirit who leads us into all truth." Instead, forms of pluralism are seen as dangerous to the very identity and integrity of the Church; therefore, greater and centralised teaching authority and clearer and uniform formulation of truth are seen by some as urgent for the very survival of the Church. My sense is that even those of us who can tolerate a certain amount of pluralism often tend to speak of the Christian tradition as homogenous and value expressions of unity over diversity. Essentialist description of reality and valorising the homogenous over the diverse seem to be significant features of much of Western thought and culture. For can it not be argued that the dominant tendency in Western metaphysical and theological traditions has been to privilege and valorise unity, harmony, and totality and thereby to denigrate, suppress and marginalize multiplicity, contingency, and particularity? Much of Anglicanism is not free from such an essentialist perspective either. …


The mixed convection regime is a transitional heat transfer regime between forced convection and natural convection, where both the forced component of flow, and the buoyancy induced component are important. Aiding flow is when buoyancy forces act in the same direction as the forced flow (heated upflow or cooled downflow), while opposing flow is when the buoyancy force is in the opposite direction of the forced flow (cooled upflow or heated downflow). For opposing flow the buoyancy always increases the rate of heat transfer over the forced convection value. For aiding flow, as the heat flux increased, a reduction in heat transfer is encountered until a condition known as laminarization occurs, where the heat transfer is at a minimum value. Further increases in the wall heat flux causes re-transition to turbulence, and increased heat transfer. In this paper, for the first time, experiments were performed to characterize the effect of surface roughness on heat transfer in mixed convection, for the case of aiding flow. A correlation was developed to allow calculation of mixed convection heat transfer coefficients for rough or smooth tubes.


The new synthesized material has been tested as a potential sorbent of uranium for the purpose of treating the liquid radioactive waste. The sorption batch-experiments were performed on polyamide material. The experiments revealed the ability of polyamide-GO to uptake uranium from the solution.


Abstract Pipistrellus deserti is a small, pale-coloured bat occurring in the most arid parts of the Sahara, in Morocco, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, and the Sudan, and marginally also in sub-Saharan Africa. Although most authors consider P. deserti as a full species, others regard it as a subspecies, or even as a junior synonym of Pipistrellus kuhlii. We analysed the topotype material of P. deserti from Libya using both morphologic and molecular characters, and compared them with samples from other Saharan countries and with P. kuhlii from around the Mediterranean. The Libyan samples of deserti are morphologically very similar to other populations from arid parts of North Africa (Morocco, Algeria, Egypt, Sudan), but differ markedly in the size of most skull dimensions when compared to P. kuhlii sampled in more mesic areas. However, phylogenetic reconstructions indicate that mitochondrial haplotypes of typical P. deserti from Libya and those from Morocco do not form a monophyletic group but are fully embedded within the larger radiation of P. kuhlii from Africa and Europe, rendering this species paraphyletic. Limited nuclear information (five microsatellite loci) also failed to provide evidence of significant differences between the two morphotypes, as pipistrelles are instead grouped by geographic origin. Altogether, these genetic data suggest that the morphological uniqueness of P. deserti may result from recent adaptations to arid habitats, rather than reflect a long independent evolutionary history. In the absence of more compelling evidence of barriers to gene flow, we therefore suggest Pipistrellus deserti to be considered a junior synonym of Vespertilio kuhlii (=P. kuhlii).


A major feature of the international political and economic structure in the 21st century is the increasing development of multipolarization, which is resulted not only from the rise of the newly developed countries, but also from the surge of regionalism characterizing unity of regional economy. At the same time, the interdependence of economic globalization and national security has strengthened the common awareness and big powers tend to maintain a status of more cooperation and less conflict. The game between newly developed countries and the developed countries is increasingly intense and an "all-win" situation will be maintained.


This paper describes a BASIC computer program which performs a profile analysis for two independent samples. Data may be read either from a disk file in the form of raw scores or from DATA statements within the program in the form of mean vectors and a pooled covariance matrix. Three F ratios are computed to test for parallel profiles, for coincident profiles, and for level profiles.


An asperity spring friction model that uses a variable anchor point spring along with a velocity dependent force is presented. The model is incorporated in an explicit timeintegration finite element code. The friction model is used along with a penalty-based normal contact model to simulate the dynamic response of a two-pulley belt-drive system. It is shown that the present friction model accurately captures the stick-slip behavior between the belt and the pulleys using a much larger time-step than a pure velocity-dependent approximate Coulomb friction model.Copyright © 2003 by ASME


There are striking inequities in health outcomes between racial and ethnic groups in the United States, with many groups experiencing significantly poorer health outcomes than members of the racial majority, White (non-Hispanic) health care consumers. These disturbing health disparities exist even when controlling for differences in income and health insurance. Racial disparities in health outcomes are related to communication problems within the health care system, which lead to unequal access to health information and inadequate participation in health care decision making. Specific strategies for improving health communication to overcome these problems and to help reduce disparities in health outcomes are suggested.


1,3- Oxazine-2-amines synthesized by sonochemical method using green catalyst
lithium hydroxide monohydrate to enhance effect in reaction time when compared to traditional
methods under acoustic energy.

Hostile to microbials accept a noteworthy activity in the treatment of infections to
the individuals and at the same time, strange, medication of higher enemy of contamination changes
protections in the quality level and may turn into the purpose for the anti-microbial opposition.

In this assignment, an undertaking has been made to join a couple of auxiliaries of 1, 3-
oxazine-2-amines by ultrasonic irradiation with shorter reaction time also their in vitro screening
was coordinated against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa,
Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans.

Five compounds were produced by under ultrasonic illumination within the use of lithium
hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH.H2O) as a catalyst, which gave the items in great yields after short response
times under mellow conditions The proposed concoction structures were affirmed by various
spectroscopic systems like FTIR, 1H NMR and Mass spectroscopy. TLC was utilized to realize that
the reactants were depleted and the development of the item happened. Sharp melting point of the
compounds concludes the purity. All the molecules assessed for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal
exercises. Antibacterial and antifungal exercises were tried utilizing the agar dispersion technique.

From the screening thinks about it was seen that a large portion of the compounds have
indicated moderate antibacterial and antifungal inhibition at 500 μg/mL and 100 μg/mL fixations
individually. The MIC of the molecules like C (Chloro), N (Nitro) demonstrated promising activity
at the conenctration of 1.6 μg/ml and F (Fluoro) – 3.12 μg/ml when appeared differently in relation
to measures like Pyrazinamide-3.125μg/ml, Ciprofloxacin 3.125μg/ml, Streptomycin-6.25μg/ml
against Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

The results are extremely promising which on further assessments may provoke medicine
particles against different microorganisms. Especially, C, N can be considered as a far reaching
range master due to its solid development against different microorganisms like Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia and Candida albicans.


It is well known that the performance of lining fabric as one part of the garment plays a very important role in the whole comfortableness of clothing. Combined with investigation, the comfortable performance and the development of lining fabric are elaborated in detail.


Feminist Political Discourses in the Digital Era: A new materialist discursive analysis of the #BringBackOurGirls cyber-campaign Increasing use of cyber-campaigns is being made by social movements and political groups. Nevertheless, this popularity is often accompanied by the undesirable consequences for social movements such as the violence denounced by contemporary feminism. Thus, some digital mobilisations create a rift between the physical and digital worlds — something that often gives rise to homogenisation of socio-cultural categories such as gender, race, and age. In this paper, we analyse the #BringBackOurGirls campaign, which sprang to life five years ago. Its path reveals the success of these cyber-campaigns in the field of contemporary feminism. This paper adopts Feminist Critical Discourse Analysis (FCDA), taking a feminist genealogical approach of new materialisms. In doing so, it examines the temporal and spatial trajectory of the campaign to reshape affirmative Feminist politics. These politics involve reconfiguring pre-established notions such as 'girl', 'agency', and 'otherness' to provide social movements with the capacity to respond. We therefore undertake an ethnographic examination of the hashtag (Bonilla & Rosa, 2015) to compare the beginning of the campaign with the situation now. We draw on these results to localise the shift from the local scale to the global one, in which structural powers, individual agency, and 'glocal' [local-global] and Feminist affirmation policies become diluted.


Objective To observe the heart allografts survival time after administration of immunosuppressive agents CD25mAb or associated with donor splenocytes in a single dose on the time of operation.Methods A simplified heterotopic rat heart transplantation model was established and the CD25mAb(1mg/kg)were injected through vein or associated with donor splenocytes(1×109 cells/100g).The grafts survival was observed by palpating over the abdominal wall postoperation.Results In using CD25mAb group,the average of the survival of heart allograft was 12.10±4.04 days,which had a significant difference compared with those of the no therapy group(8.5±2.42 days,P0.05).In using CD25mAb+donor splenocytes group,the average survival of heart allografts is 12.80±3.61 days,which had no significant difference with those of using CD25mAb alone(P0.05),and much longer than those of using donor splenocytes group(8.40±3.50 days,P0.05)and no therapy group(P0.05).Conclusion The findings demonstrate that a single injection of CD25mAb or associated with donor splenocytes can induce stable longterm acceptance of heart allografts.


This paper presents a geometric approach to path planning for a UAV under kinematic constraints. The locations that the UAV must visit are all within close proximity, and the footprint of the onboard surveillance sensors is small enough that the UAV is limited to visiting only a subset of locations with each ∞yover of the surveillance area. The goal of this work is not to determine an actual continuous path between all the locations, but rather groupings of the locations that can each be visited with a ∞yover without violating the kinematic constraints. A greedy approach is presented that attempts to minimize the number of groups. It is based on the geometry between the locations and the minimum turn radius of the aircraft.


BACKGROUND
Two consecutive trials were carried out to study the effects of dietary supplementation of rumen protected methionine (RPM) on nutrient digestibility, nitrogen (N) metabolism (Trial 1), and consequently the nitrous oxide (N2 O) emissions of urine in beef cattle (Trial 2). Eight 24-month old castrated Simmental bulls with liveweight of 494 ± 28 kg and four levels of dietary supplementation of RPM at 0, 10, 20 and 30 g head-1 ·d-1 were allocated in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square for Trial 1 and the N2 O emissions of the urine samples collected in Trial 1 were measured using static incubation technique in Trial 2.

RESULTS
Supplementation of RPM at 0, 10, 20 and 30 g head-1 ·d-1 to basal ration deficient in methionine (Met) did not affect the apparent digestibility of dry matter, organic matter, neutral detergent fibre or acid detergent fibre (P > 0.05), but decreased the urinary excretions of total N (P < 0.05) and urea (P < 0.001), increased the ratio of N retention/digested N (P < 0.05) in beef cattle, and decreased the estimated cattle urine N2 O-N emissions by 19.5%, 23.4% and 32.6%, respectively (P < 0.001).

CONCLUSION
Supplementation of RPM to Met-deficient ration is effective to improve the utilization rate of dietary nitrogen and decrease the N2 O emissions of urine in beef cattle. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.


Erasure coding has been increasingly replacing replication in distributed storage systems, thanks to its lower storage overhead with the same level of failure tolerance. However, with lower storage overhead, the reconstruction overhead of erasure codes can increase significantly as well. Under the ever-changing workload, in which the data access can be highly skewed, it is difficult to achieve a well trade-off between the storage overhead and the reconstruction overhead. In this paper, we propose Zebra, a framework that encodes data into multiple tiers by their demand. Given the overall storage overhead and the number of failures to tolerate, Zebra determines the parameters of erasure coding in each tier by solving a geometric programming problem. Based on the demand of data, Zebra can dynamically assign data into the corresponding tiers to minimize the overall reconstruction overhead, and achieve a flexible tradeoff between the storage overhead and the reconstruction overhead in multiple tiers, such that hot data can enjoy less overhead of reconstruction and cold data can be stored with lower storage overhead. When demand changes, Zebra can adjust itself accordingly with a marginal amount of network transfer.