Abstract : NATO has demonstrated a commitment and capacity to conduct out-of-area operations in areas that would not have been countenanced a decade ago. Moreover, for the first time, in June 2006, NATO exercised its NATO Response Force (NRF) in Africa, validating NATO's new expeditionary capabilities. The strategic importance of the continent of Africa has already grasped the attention of the West, and the range of strategic issues is vast. With recent announcements in the US Department of Defense about the creation of a Unified Command for Africa, what role would or should NATO have on the continent? Some questions that need to be answered before engaging in the continent are: What lessons has NATO learned from current out-of-area operations that might be applied for Africa? Is NATO equipped, trained, and manned sufficiently to assume any type of role in Africa above and beyond its current obligations? What are the competing interests that would allow or hinder NATO forces in Africa? Is NATO better off training and equipping regional and sub-regional organizations to provide forces throughout the continent? This paper will discuss these issues and provide some potential options for NATO planners who might be called upon to prepare NATO forces for the gamut of operations on the continent of Africa.


We report ab initio calculations of the lattice constants and the electronic structure of the hexagonal wurtzite semiconductors CdS and CdSe. The calculations have been carried out self-consistently in the local-density approximation employing nonlocal, separable, and norm-conserving pseudopotentials. We use ${\mathrm{Cd}}^{12+}$ ionic pseudopotentials so that the Cd 4d electrons are explicitly taken into account as valence electrons. The calculated electronic structure is compared with photoemission data. Calculated and measured bands show good agreement in the energy region of the mostly anion-derived s-p valence bands. The calculated Cd 4d bands result for both compounds roughly 3 eV too high in energy as compared to the measured data. This rigid shift of the narrow 4d bands is related to correlation effects which are not fully taken into account in the local-density approximation.


Object of the present invention is to provide a even in a shake caused by an earthquake can be suppressed resistant structure wall damaged wallpaper sheet for. Which is on a fibrous substrate laminated comprising at least a sheet of laminated structure of the resin layer foamed resin layer, the sheet strength test method for tear sheet specified JISK7128-3, the pull stretching speed of 3mm / min, the first maximum point between the clamp tensile strength from the width direction of 800mm to the second maximum point of 1 ~ 5mm, the sheet even when exposed envisaged in the resistant structure of shaking is also possible to prevent breakage, comprising interior attached to earthquake-resistant structure mounted breakage resistance sheet required by the resistant structure wall base plate.


WO3·H2O nanotubes are successfully synthesized with the aid of intercalated polyaniline (PANI) under relatively mild conditions. More interestingly, the WO3·H2O nanotubes have a rectangular cross‐section structure formed through a rolling mechanism. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X‐ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, Fourier‐transform infrared analysis, UV‐vis‐near‐IR spectroscopy, selected‐area electron diffraction, and vibrating‐sample magnetometry analysis are employed to characterize the morphology, structure, and properties of the nanotubes.


The size distribution of river bed material plays an important role in the study of fluvial hydraulic processes. It is not always easy to sample the river bed material for the determination of its size distribution, but knowledge of the frequency distribution and of bed material sizes can be used to predict its size distribution. Therefore, data on bed material size distributions of 63 streams from 10 different countries have been analysed to determine the frequency distribution which can be best fitted to them. The log normal distribution cannot be fitted to the bed material mixtures when the entire range of sizes is considered. The method of power transformation is found to normalize these mixtures. Relationships have been proposed between the parameters of the normalization and the stream slope. These relations can be used to predict the size distribution of the river bed material.


The immune system faces unique challenges in the period immediately following birth. Thrust from a sterile fetal environment, it is abruptly exposed to an immense array of foreign antigens, the major burden of which is in the form of the microbiota newly colonizing the gastrointestinal tract. Adaptive immunity at the post-natal stage is largely immature, and the newborn's immune system relies initially on innate immune effectors for protection against infections. In the early post-natal period, increasing numbers of innate and adaptive lymphocytes mature in the thymus and migrate to populate peripheral lymphoid organs including intestinal mucosal tissue. Intestinal microbiota regulate the maturation of the immune system at mucosal sites and also influence host physiology and function beyond the mucosal tract such as the brain and the pancreas. However, whether and how intestinal microbial colonization influences immune cell development in the thymus remains unknown. Here we show that the thymus of neonatal mice harbor precursor cells with distinct gene expression profiles compared to adult thymocytes that could potentially favor the development of innate-like lymphocytes. There are discrete patterns of distribution of PLZF and RORgt expressing thymic cell subsets and the prevalence of these cells is influenced by microbial colonization status of the neonatal intestine. Finally, we propose that migratory dendritic cells are one mediator of thymic-intestine crosstalk that transmit microbiota-specific signal to influence development of these thymic subsets. Thus, intestinal microbiota regulate yet another fundamental aspect of immune function- the development of lymphocytes itself in the neonatal thymus.


Rasmus Rüffer of the Bundesbank for very helpful comments. The views expressed do not necessarily represent those of the ECB, the Bundesbank or the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. Abstract This paper addresses the question of whether sterilized central bank intervention systematically affects exchange rates. Furthermore, the paper analyzes whether a central bank can conduct its intervention operations in a specific manner, in order to increase the likelihood of achieving its objectives. The methodological starting point of the paper is to recognize that standard time-series techniques may not be well suited when dealing with the analysis of intervention vis-à-vis the behavior of exchange rates as the latter are typically highly volatile on a day-today basis while intervention tends to come in sporadic clusters. Therefore, the question is addressed by applying the event study methodology, typically found in the finance literature, to daily data on Bundesbank and Fed post-Plaza intervention. Using the non-parametric sign test and the matched sample test, evidence of effectiveness in terms of a systematic association between exchange rate levels and intervention is found. The second issue is addressed by estimating binary choice models of the conditional probabilities of observing a successful intervention operation over the sub-sample of observations when at least one of the two central banks were intervening. The results suggest that central banks can in fact improve the likelihood of success primarily through coordination and, in particular, if intervention is relatively infrequent. The results presented are based on short-term criteria for success and, therefore, do not question the limitations of sterilized intervention on its own as a policy instrument for achieving long-term effects on exchange rates. 3 1. Introduction The effectiveness of sterilized foreign exchange intervention has been the focus of an ongoing and unresolved dispute since the so-called Jurgensen report (Jurgensen (1983)). 1 While empirical research often finds only weak or no evidence in favor of a link between sterilized intervention and associated movements of exchange rates, policy makers nevertheless seem to view sterilized intervention as an instrument for policy and, from time to time, make use of this instrument. 2 The theoretical justification offered by the " portfolio balance " channel, through which sterilized intervention changes the currency denomination of relative asset supplies and thereby the exchange risk premium if assets are imperfect substitutes, has received mixed empirical support (Edison (1993), Rogoff (1984)). 3 Evidence in favor of a " …


Present study describes synthesis of highly active and ordered nanoscale structures of nickel catalysts. The study reveals efficient catalytic activity for the degradation of toxic and lethal organic dye Eosin-B (EB). The stable colloidal dispersions of ordered nickel nanostructures (Ni NSs) arrays were prepared via modified hydrazine reduction route with unique morphologies in a lyotropic liquid crystalline medium using Triton X-100. The characterization studies like optimization of various parameters for preparation of nanoscale nickel structures, surface binding interactions, size and morphologies of Ni NSs were carried out by UV-Visible Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) Analysis.


High resolution intertidal DEM is a basic material for science research like sedimentation/erosion by ocean current, and is invaluable in a monitoring of environmental changes and practical management of coastal wetland. Since the intertidal zone changes rapidly by the inflow of fluvial debris and tide condition, remote sensing is an effective tool for observing large areas in short time. Although radar interferometry is one of the well-known techniques for generating high resolution DEM, conventional repeat-pass interferometry has difficulty on acquiring enough coherence over tidal flat due to the limited exposure time and the rapid changes in surface condition. In order to overcome these constraints, we tested the feasibility of radar interferometry using Cosmo-SkyMed tandem-like one-day data and ERS-ENVISAT cross tandem data with very short revisit period compared to the conventional repeat pass data. Small temporal baseline combined with long perpendicular baseline allowed high coherence over most of the exposed tidal flat surface in both observations. However the interferometric phases acquired from Cosmo-SkyMed data suffer from atmospheric delay and changes in soil moisture contents. The ERS-ENVISAT pair, on the other hand, provides nice phase which agree well with the real topography, because the atmospheric effect in 30-minute gap is almost same to both images so that they are cancelled out in the interferometric process. Thus, the cross interferometry with very small temporal baseline and large perpendicular baseline is one of the most reliable solutions for the intertidal DEM construction which requires very accurate mapping of the elevation.


The rise of Greek Historiography takes place between the end of the VI century B. C. and the early years of the V century B. C. The logographi in search of the logos and the physiologi in search of the φύσις appear at the same time. Both confront a mythical tradition and try to discover the coherent and verisimilar element in myth. Historiography looks for the historicity of the real facts hidden inside myth. The result is a dialectic struggle between myth and history.


An apparatus is provided for the ignition of a fuel/air mixture in the combustion chamber of a combustion machine, wherein the combustion chamber has at least one inlet valve and at least one outlet valve. There are further provided a laser light generating device for giving off laser light and a com bustion chamber window for coupling the laser light into a combustion chamber of the combustion machine. There is provided at least one fluid feed means which is separate from the inlet valve or valves and with which a fluid can be caused to flow at least on to regions of the surface of the combustion chamber window or between the combustion chamber win dow and the focal point of the laser light.


New ideas, methods and models for the development of physical Education in colleges and universities are very urgent and necessary for the establishment of the corresponding structure and function of physical education curriculum and teaching process. Therefore, the organic integration of association teaching and physical education provides an important reference for the innovation of efficient management of PE classroom teaching in colleges and universities of Jilin City. Based on the author's learning and practical experience, this paper first analyzed the necessity of physical education teaching reform in colleges and universities in Jilin City, and then put forward the organic integration strategy between association teaching and physical education in Jilin colleges and universities.


SUMMARY Thisstudy was undertaken toassessthefrequency ofdevelopment andthestages of evolution ofchronic liver disease inpatients with renal failure whoarechronic carriers ofhepatitis B surface antigen. Cirrhosis orchronic active hepatitis developed infive of21patients andcould not bepredicted bytheinitial histological appearanceorbyHLA-AandBtyping butwas associated withthe eantigen infour ofthefive patients. However, theantigen wasnotaconsistent indicator ofa poorprognosis, asthefourother e antigen positive patients didnotdevelop chronic liver disease during theperiod ofthestudy. Transmission ofhepatitis B tospousesoccurred infourcases, was fatal inone instance, andwas associated with e antigen inthree ofthefour. Determination ofe antigen status inrenal unit patients whoarecarriers ofhepatitis Bsurface antigen may beofvalue tothepatient andhishomeenvironment.


Through mechanical alloying treatment for V and V_(0.9)Cr_(0.1) alloy with small amount of LaNi_5,the activation properties of the both materials were improved.After more than 100 ab- sorption/desorption cycles followed by thorough desorption,both V and V_(0.9)Cr_(0.1) still maintained the single bcc structure.During the cycling the absorption plateau pressures of V increased,the ab- sorption capacities decreased under the same hydrogen pressure and the absorption kinetics declined, which could be attributed to the relaxation of the internal strain introduced by ball milling and the contraction of the cell volumes.SEM observation revealed that with increasing cycle,a large amount of deep cracks formed on the surface and in the inner of the samples,which are beneficial to the enhance- ment of the hydrogen desorption plateau pressures and the improvement of the desorption kinetics.V showed greater degradation rate of effective hydrogen desorption capacity than V_(0.9)Cr_(0.1) because of more decreases of the lattice strain and bcc cell volumes of V than those of V_(0.9)Cr_(0.1),which induced more sever decrease of absorption capacity of V after absorption/desorption cycle.


The quality and efficiency of slicing will be reduced if the abrasives on the surface of a diamond wire saw shed in sawing. Generally, the diamond abrasives are held on the surface of an electroplated diamond wire saw by a nickel-plated layer. The abrasive retention state, reflecting abrasive shedding, can be characterized by the plastic deformation of the plating layer at the interface between the nickel-plated layer and the abrasive. To gain an in-depth understanding of the abrasive shedding mechanism, a finite element model that the double-cone diamond abrasive is embedded in a nickel-plated layer was established based on the mechanical properties test of the nickel-plated layer in this paper to research the effects of the residual stress and hardness of the nickel-plated layer as well as the protrusion height of the diamond abrasive on the abrasive retention capacity. The results show that the residual stress on the surface layer of the nickel-plated layer was compressive stress. The abrasive retention capacity was increased with the increase of the hardness or the decrease of the residual compressive stress of the nickel-plated layer. For the same diamond abrasive, it was decreased with the increase of the protrusion height of the abrasive. Based on the results of the finite element analysis, a calculation procedure of abrasive shedding rate was presented. Subsequently, the slicing experiment of a single crystal silicon rod was carried out by the Meyer Burger RTD6800 multi-wire sawing machine and the electroplated diamond wire saw with a core wire diameter of 65μm. The abrasive shedding rate of the diamond wire saw caused by sawing was analyzed theoretically and experimentally. The research work is of great significance to improve the quality detection and evaluation of an electroplated diamond wire saw.


Any sociological understanding of suicide is firmly rooted in the social objectivity of the phenomenon itself. Standing in sharp contrast with the dominant medical
paradigm, what sociology seeks is the historical personality of suicide as it mirrors our lived reality. The first task is to accurately describe the parameters of
the phenomenon in order to highlight what form it actually takes in society. Having made explicit and justified this approach, this thesis reviews, in a second step, the academic discussion on age, gender and suicide, since these practical features are central in qualifying contemporary suicide. Finally, through a careful examination of gender and age specific suicide rates and age specific suicide
sex ratios, the defining characteristics of our shared contemporary suicide regime are underscored. First, the data presented clearly supports the increasing sex differential in completed suicides in Canada. Second, the data presented underscores the changes which characterize the age distribution of suicide in Canada since the 1950's which simultaneously involves an increase of suicide
rates in the younger age categories and a decrease of suicide rates in the later age categories. Thirdly, the data presented highlights the synchronicity of the
spread of the phenomenon of youth suicide across the Canadian provinces. Finally, the data presented illuminates a recognizable cohort effect within the wider phenomenon of the coming into being of youth suicide. This thesis does not set out to interpret the transformations which characterize our contemporary suicide regime, but instead seeks to underscore the precise modalities of these
changes.


Based on the documents about the cases of the athletic sudden death in recent years,this article investigates the reason of causing the athletic sudden death.The article thinks: most athletic sudden death has the reason to investigate and privention to prevent.So this article investigates the countermeasures how to prevent the cause of athletic sudden death effectly.The resault goes: discerning the danger students colony that the athletic sudden death may happen to as early as possible;emphasizing and strengthenging preventive education and supervision management;str engthening the medical test before doing sports;emphasinzing the medical supervision when and after doing sports;introducing the countermeasures amd suggestion;propagating and popularizing the knowledge and methods of first aid on the spot,and so on.


The quantitative contribution of microbial carbon to the nutrition of aquatic detritivores has been discussed for some years with no direct measurements of assimilation of bacterial or fungal carbon. Using radiotracers to specifically label bacteria and fungi on leaf litter, we have determined the rate of incorporation of bacteria and a hyphomycete by larvae of Peltoperla sp. (stonefly) and incorporation of bacteria by larvae of Tipula sp. (cranefly). Incorporation of bacterial carbon accounted for less than 1% of the carbon respired by either insect. Incorporation of fungal carbon was greater but still only 25% of the carbon respired by the stonefly larva. These findings suggest that other mechanisms may explain the frequently observed correlation between "microbial conditioning" and food quality.


The present study explains the methods of quantitative autoradiography, and especially the direct measuring of preparations by means of a selenium cell fitted into the microscope. Furthermore, the authors by inserting some examples demonstrate ihe efficiency of the stripping film method both for hard and soft BETA - and alpha radiators. (auth)


When neurological impairment is suspected in a newborn, two issues arise: whether the physician or the parents should make life-or-death judgments concerning the child and whether the interests of infant or parents should take precedence. Strong considers arguments on both sides and suggests that the key to resolving the controversy lies in understanding the physician's proper relationship to the infant and the parents. He argues that when survival of an impaired newborn would heavily burden family life, the parents should be given the opportunity to participate in crucial decisions. In certain cases, however, the physician's obligations as infant-advocate justify unilateral decision making.


The problem of optimizing the composition of building materials is currently of great importance due to the increasing competitiveness and technological development in the construction industry. This phenomenon also applies to catalog sand-lime. The respective arrangement of individual components or their equivalents, and linking them with the main parameters of the composition of the mixture, i.e. The lime/sand/water should lead to the intended purpose. The introduction of sand-lime diabase aggregate is concluded with a positive effect of final products. The paper presents the results of optimization with the addition of diabase aggregate. The constant value was the amount of water, variable - the mass of the dry ingredients. The program of experimental studies was taken for 6 series of silicates made in industrial conditions. Final samples were tested for mechanical and physico-chemical expanding the analysis of the mercury intrusion porosimetry, SEM and XRD. The results show that, depending on the aggregate's contribution, exhibit differences. The sample in an amount of 10% diabase aggregate the compressive strength was higher than in the case of reference sample, while modified samples absorbed less water.


Following the election of the President and Vice-President of the General Court of the European Union for a period of three years, the Judges of the General Court have elected from among their number, on 18 September 2013, the Presidents of Chambers in accordance with Article 15 of the Rules of Procedure of the General Court.


In this paper a new algorithm is presented for image enhancement in the discrete cosine transform (DCT) domain. The algorithm is based on a novel contrast measure that is defined for each DCT coefficient. This algorithm can be applied to the enhancement of images compressed with JPEG and it is especially useful when it is applied to enhance the direction contrast of the images. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.


This work aimed to quantify the propagation potential of two strawberry cultivars, in the community El Castillito, municipality of Las Sabanas, department of Madriz, using a plant density of 80 cm between rows and 40cm and 80 cm between plants for a density of 31,250 and 15,625 plant/ha. The studied cultivars were Festival and Bridget. In the field mother plants were cultivated with organic management, and nutrition was carried out with lombrihumus and biofertilizer from caw manure. Crowns were planted at 80 cm distance between furrows. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with four repetitions for each treatment, represented by genotype and distances between plants. Number of crowns, diameter of covering, number of runners, number of plant runners, height of plants, length of runners, and number of leaves per mother plant, and average number of leaves per runner plant were evaluated after 180 days. The distance of 80 cm between plants, presented a mean of 2.2 stolons and 7.3 runner plants, whichever the distance of 40 cm between plants presented a mean of 0.75 stolons and 4.4 runner plants. There was high variability among strawberry cultivars for number of runner plants. The largest average numbers of runner plant per mother plant were observed in cultivars Festival (7.9). And the other hand, the highest number of runner plants per mother plants was observed at the distance of 80 cm (7.3). Considering the distances and cultivar, best results were obtained in the cultivar Festival with 80 cm. Keywords: Fragaria; stolon; runner plants; propagation; crown; cultivar; mother plant; lombrihumus; biofertilizer DOI: 10.5377/calera.v9i12.6


Risk is a common name for the probability of a hazard turning into a disaster. Vulnerability and hazard are not dangerous in and of themselves, but if they come together, they generate a risk. However, risk can be reduced and managed. If we are careful about how we treat the environment, and if we are aware of our weaknesses and vulnerabilities to existing hazards, then we can take measures to make sure that hazards do not turn into disasters. Hazard from LNG (Liquefied Natural Gas) cargo begins in the first processing stage of natural gas liquefaction and loading the substance into LNG tankers. The transport itself over the sea is the safest part of the distribution process, as is demonstrated by the statistic of nautical accidents in the past 40 years (DNV, 2007, Perkovic et al., 2010 & Gucma, 2007). A review of a Rand Corporation document (Murray et al.) published in 1976 indicates a high level of safety for LNG tankers. The document indicates that in the initial 16-year history (from 1959 up to 1974) there had been no significant accidents. It should be noted, though, that in 1974 the world LNG fleet included only 14 vessels; by November, 2009, there were 327 vessels, a figure expected to increase to 350 vessels sometime in 2010 (LNG Journal, 2008). The DNV (Det Norske Veritas) counts 185 nautical accidents involving LNG tankers, all without severe consequences for the crew. The frequency of LNG tanker accidents is therefore 5.6 x 10-2 per ship year. The findings of the DNV (2007) furthermore demonstrate that the potential loss of life for the LNG crew member is 9.74 x 10-3 or less, considering the occupational fatality rate onboard gas tankers is 4.9 x 10-4. The analysis of the northern Adriatic Sea (Petelin et al. 2009), or, precisely, the gulf of Trieste, demonstrates that nautical accidents should occur with a frequency of 1.25 x 10-2 per year, assuming the current traffic density, and increases to 2.62 x 10-2 if the ship traffic increases by 100%. The hazard associated with LNG is mainly in its potential to cause severe fires resulting in heat radiation. If a large quantity of LNG is spilled into a pool, the cloud that is formed as it evaporates is a mixture of natural gas, water vapour, and air. Initially the cloud is heavier than air (due to its low storage temperature) and remains close to the ground. The buoyancy moves the natural gas upward at a gas temperature of around 170 K (-1030C), as experimentally demonstrated by ioMosaic (2007). The major influences on natural gas diffusion are environmental conditions. The cloud moves in the direction of the wind and the wind causes the cloud to mix with more air. If the concentration of gas in the air is between 5% and 15% it is flammable and burns if it contacts any ignition source. A concentration of gas smaller than 5% will not ignite and if the concentration is over 15% the air becomes saturated. The explosion of natural gas is not possible in open spaces because


The papers states the dialectical relationship between national cohesion, national sense of pride, patriotism and self examination of criticizing the traditional backward aspects of national culture, and analyses LU Xuns peculiarity and contribution on this aspect.


This study reports canine brucellosis in a threeyears- old animal. Clinical examination showed left testicular enlargment, with no evidence of local trauma. Cytologic evaluation by fine-needle aspiration of the affected testicle allowed Brucella canis isolation. Treatment was based in systemic antibiotic (rifampicin and streptomycin), and castration. Histopathologic examination demonstrated right testicular neutrophil infiltrative lesion and coagulation necrosis, and left testicular mononuclear infiltrative lesion. Blood, urine and prostatic fluid cultures were negative to agent isolation. Rapid slide agglutination test and agar-gel immunodiffusion test were positive, as well as in two contactant females.


Radionuclide accumulation in soil due to long-term irrigation is an important part of the model for predicting radiation dose in a long period of time. The model usually assumes an equilibrium condition in soil with a constant irrigation rate, so that radionuclide concentration in soil does not change with time and can be analytically solved. This method is currently being used for the dose assessment in the Yucca Mountain project, which requires evaluating radiation dose for a period of 10,000 years. There are several issues associated with the method: (1) time required for the equilibrium condition, (2) validity of constant irrigation rate, (3) agricultural land use for a long period of time, and (4) variation of a radionuclide concentration in water. These issues are evaluated using a numerical method with a simple model built in the GoldSim software. Some key radionuclides, Tc-99, Np-237, Pu-239, and Am-241 are selected as representative radionuclides. The results indicate that the equilibrium model is acceptable except for a radionuclide that requires long time to accumulate in soil and that its concentration in water changes dramatically with time (i.e. a sharp peak). Then the calculated dose for that radionuclide could be overestimated using the current equilibrium method.


Based on the ray theory of fiber grating diffraction,the sensing principle of fiber Bragg grating(FBG) was introduced.In consideration of the strain detection in practice of large scale equipments,expatiated on the principle and solution about temperature and strain cross sensitivity of FBG.Then the actuality of FBG packaging techniques in strain detection were summarized.The problems in existence and the developing direction of packaging techniques were pointed out.Finally,the way of calibration on FBG sensor and some notice was briefly introduced.


The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in adults younger than 50 years has increased in the United States over the past decades according to Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data. National guidelines conflict over beginning screening at the age of 45 or 50 years.


A comparative study of the major compounds was carried out despite the great diversity of the constituents characteristic of the essential oil of
Lippia multiflora. It was interested to note the imprint that makes each locality with the chemical characters of the gasoline. The variation in the
chemical composition of essential oils, was depended on many factors such as the method used, the parts of the plant used, the products and
reagents used in the extraction, the environment, the genotype of the plant, the geographic origin, harvest period of the plant, degree of drying,
drying conditions, temperature and drying time and the presence of pests, viruses and weeds. The effects of essential oils of Lippia multiflora were
evaluated in Wistar rats on arterial pressure (BP) and on heart rate (HR). Administration of L-NAME was caused a signicant increase in SBP in
rats from 142.4 mmHg (D0) to 172.4 mmHg (D8) and from 122.8 mmHg (D0) to 138.6 mmHg (D8) respectively for the positive control batch and
the batch subsequently treated with essential oil. Administration of the essential oil from D8 to D29 was caused a signicant decrease in the SBPof
the rats from 140 mmHg (D8) to 122.4 mmHg (D29). This decrease was markedly lower than that of the untreated rats which is 150.5 mmHg (D29).
The administration of L-NAME was caused a signicant increase in the DBPof the rats going from 93.8 mmHg (D0) to 137.5 mmHg (D8) and from
92.5 mmHg (D0) to 136.75 mmHg (D8) respectively for the positive control batch and the batch subsequently treated with essential oil.. The
administration of the essential oil from D8 to D29 was caused a signicant decrease in the DBP of the rats going from 136.75 mmHg (D8) to 99.8
mmHg (D29) and nally the administration of L-NAME caused a signicant increase in the MAP of the rats going from 109.25 mmHg (D0) to
159.75 mmHg (D8) and from 99.8 mmHg (D0) to 151.25 mmHg (D8) respectively for the positive control group and the batch then treated with the
raw extract). Administration of the essential oil from D8 to D29 was caused a signicant decrease in the AMP of the rats, dropping from 151.25
mmHg (D8) to 114 mmHg (D29) (p <0.05). These effects could be justify the use of this plant in traditional medicine in the treatment of high blood
pressure.


We studied a Norwegian patient and his family, who presented with low HDL-cholesterol. DNA sequence analysis of the apoA-I gene revealed heterozygosity for a mutation in the apoA-I gene that causes a leucine for arginine replacement at residue 160. Compared to unaffected family members, heterozygous carriers of apoA-1 (R160L)Oslo had 60-70% lower mean levels of HDL-cholesterol, 50-60% lower mean levels of apoA-I and 70-80% lower levels of apoA-II. Moreover, the serum concentration of the apoA-II-containing HDL-subclass LpA-I/A-II was decreased by 70% whereas the concentration of the apoA-II-free HDL-subclass LpA-I did not differ from that in unaffected family members. The decrease of LpA-I/A-II was associated with the lack of large LpA-I/A-II. ApoA-I(R160L)Oslo was present at increased concentrations relative to normal apoA-I in plasma, HDL3, and LpA-I. However, only trace amounts of the variant isoform were detectable in immunopurified LpA-I/A-II. Pre beta1-LpA-I contained normal and variant apoA-I isoforms. We conclude that the failure of apoA-I(R160L)Oslo to form LpA-I/A-II causes low HDL-cholesterol in heterozygous carriers of this apoA-I variant.


The first-ever high energy (∼ 1–30 keV) X-ray spectra of three z ∼ 2 radio-quiet quasars (RQQs) are presented. If confirmed, the most interesting result is the marginal, but consistent, evidence for FeKaemission lines in at least two of the sources. Further ASCA observations of high-z RQQs are needed for firm conclusions.


This paper aims to bring forth a new system of pluralistic evaluation in college English teaching and learning from ecological perspective and tends to concern how teachers and students, the principal controllers in language teaching, learning and evaluating, can be developed mutually, harmoniously, freely and continuously. Meanwhile, this new system aims to promote mutual motivation from teachers and students, focus on their affectional interaction and develop itself in humanistic direction.


Time-critical sections of multidimensional applications, such as image processing and computational fluid dynamics are in general iterative or recursive. Most of these applications require each iteration to be executed under a specific time constraint associated with the data input rate. The design of circuits dedicated to perform such repetitive tasks depend on optimization techniques to achieve the desired execution time. The retiming technique is one of these optimization tools; however the traditional retiming deals only with one dimension of the problem and has lower bound constraints in the execution time due to characteristics of the initial design. This paper presents a novel optimization technique based on the application of a multidimensional retiming. Multidimensional retiming improves the circuitry performance by inserting a fixed number of registers, which is independent of the size of the problem, into the circuit paths, and restructuring the memory elements in a legal way. This technique guarantees that all functional elements can be executed simultaneously on circuits designed to solve problems involving more than one dimension. Experiments show that the additional elements required for the performance improvement have, a small impact on the circuit area.


To assess whether the management of information security and the risks associated with its use, through computer networks, at the Peninsula State University of Santa Elena, is effective, it is proposed to implement a model that establishes the goals to achieve to advance through the different levels that make up the rating scale.
To evaluate the management of information security and the risks associated with its use, it is necessary to have a maturity model that not only allows evaluating the processes involved in the management of information security, but also those associated with the management of the risks linked to the processing of information in all its phases, since an adequate information security plan depends on it.
Based on the aforementioned, the objective of this paper is to propose a model for the management of information security and the risks associated with its use, in computer networks.


This paper presents the design and implementation of class unloading in an embedded Java Virtual Machine. Even though the Java Language specification states explicitly when a given class must be unloaded there is a surprising lack of papers on a systematized and step-by-step explanation of when and how a class becomes available for unloading. This paper presents a more formalized approach to Java class unloading as well as a design and implementation description involving a concurrent garbage collector. Index Terms — Class Unloading, Concurrent Garbage Collector, Embedded Virtual Machine, Java.


This is a collection of statistical tables that provide data on differential nuptiality patterns in Bangladesh. Variations in proportions ever married age at first marriage divorce widowhood and remarriage of ever-married women under 50 years of age are estimated according to urban or rural area and socioeconomic factors. Data are from the 1976 Bangladesh Fertility Survey (ANNOTATION)


In this paper, we propose an efficient spectral collocation algorithm to solve numerically wave type equations subject to initial, boundary and non-local conservation conditions. The shifted Jacobi pseudospectral approximation is investigated for the discretization of the spatial variable of such equations. It possesses spectral accuracy in the spatial variable. The shifted Jacobi-Gauss-Lobatto (SJ-GL) quadrature rule is established for treating the non-local conservation conditions, and then the problem with its initial and non-local boundary conditions are reduced to a system of second-order ordinary differential equations in temporal variable. This system is solved by two-stage forth-order A-stable implicit RK scheme. Five numerical examples with comparisons are given. The computational results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm is more accurate than finite difference method, method of lines and spline collocation approach


Computers have become an indispensable resource in assisting us in our daily life. While they do a good job most of the time, sometimes they can create a seemingly endless nightmare. Horrible user ...


The republican duality. In Mexico a big paradox of cultural and political tints has been built. On one hand, the indexes of functional illiteracy are enormous, in fact a non reading culture characterizes to the contemporary society. However, a group intellectual holder of a specific power that makes it exists it turns to itself with an authority him sufficiently laid the foundation as to influence and to point out the roads that the political power should continue. The constituent characteristic of the entity knows as "Republic of the Letters" are based on the appropriate handling of the language, that which refers to the possibility of better understanding of the world and even to the possibility of building it. From the power the writers are seen with mistrust and admiration, it tries to integrate them or it pursues them, it looks for that they approve their acts, their critic perturbs him. Sovereigns in their respective republics, the writers and the power constitute a duality excessively interesting for the study and the understanding of the contemporary cultural political life.


The 1990 publication 'Breakthrough pain: Definition, prevalence and characteristics' was the first to study to describe breakthrough pain as a discrete pain state. Using the definition that 'breakthrough pain is a transient increase in the intensity of moderate or severe pain, occurring in the presence of well-established baseline pain' the authors interviewed 90 cancer pain patients and identified 51 types of breakthrough pain; these varied widely with respect to severity, location, temporal characteristics, relationship to scheduled analgesia, precipitating events, predictability, pathophysiology, aetiology, and palliative factors. As a result of Portenoy and Hagen's survey, breakthrough pain has been studied as a discrete pain state for almost 30 years, and recognized as an important clinical problem in its own right. An increasing number of published studies exist, with ongoing debate about the breakthrough pain definition, pain assessment, and pain management.


In OFDM system,the least square(LS) algorithm has the shortage of noise cancelling and interference suppressing.An utility channel estimation algorithm which took advantage of the time frequency characteristic in OFDM system was proposed.The new channel estimation algorithm realized noise cancelling and interference suppressing through time-frequency transform by three times.In view of time-frequency transform could be achieved by FFT/IFFT,the new channel estimation algorithm complexity was low.In the TU channel simulation,the new channel estimation algorithm has the high performance,which was 3 dB better than the LS algorithm.In the TU channel simulation with interference suppression,the new channel estimation algorithm has only l.S dB reduction in performance.


Objective To evaluate the result of using a modified rotation flap for the reconstruction of medium-sized skin and soft tissue defect. Methods A "Z" incision was made at the pedicle of the rotated skin flap established near the defect on the head, face or limb, and dissection under the flap was performed. This modified flap was then transferred into the defect site. From Oct 2004 to May 2006, skin defects in 23 patients were repaired with modified rotation flaps. Results Flaps in all 23 patients survived with primary healing postoperatively. Sixteen of 23 patients were followed for 3~19 months. Satisfactory cosmetic outcomes were achieved and no visible scars were observed. Conclusion The modified rotation flap is an effective way to repair skin and soft tissue defects. The size of the defects which were repaired ranged from 1.8 cm×2.0 cm to 5.0 cm×6.0 cm.


A simple proof is given of the following theorem of S. Mardesic: Each arc is an inverse limit of some inverse system of copies of (0, 1) with monotone bonding maps. A continuum is a connected and compact Hausdorff space, and an arc is a continuum with exactly two noncut points. Recall that arcs coincide with linearly ordered topological spaces which are both compact and connected. Moreover, each


In view of the problems of hardness uneven of rail tread and sharp change in the hardened zone,the shortcomings of quenching technology and equipment were analyzed in Wuhan Iron Steel Co.,Ltd.Therefore,spray air cooling technology was applied and new cooling equipment was designed.Experiment results show that the new technology and equipment can meet the need of standard for rail properties.


Transformers are fundamental and widely used electric components in the industrial area and the power system. Modeling of transformers is also an essential issue. To analyze the global losses of transformers concerning harmonics conditions, this paper proposes a circuit-level simulation approach up to a few kilohertz range, which considers both the frequency-dependent magnetization phenomenon and the capacitive coupling among windings. The core model is based on the permeance capacitance analogy, the material and the geometry information of the core are also considered for an accurate estimation.


A parking information system consisting of a parking information website and roadside displays has been proposed for New York City to alleviate parking difficulties. To justify the implementation of such a system, it is necessary to investigate parking search time and its relationship with parking information. In addition, the parking information items needed for the website and roadside displays and the target markets for this information must be identified. In the investigation, a survey was conducted to collect data on parkers' demographic and trip characteristics. On the basis of the collected data, the effect of parking information on parking search time was studied, and an ordered probit model was developed. To identify parking information needs, the analysis of variance method was employed to determine the rank of the information items for the website and roadside displays. The profiles of the parkers were also identified for each information item using developed models. The results of the investigation indicated that parking search time is significantly influenced by the amount of parking information parkers possess before starting their trips. Six information items were identified to be the most necessary for the parking information website, and five as most necessary for the parking roadside display. All these information items should be considered when designing a parking information system.


Dispersion stability of fluorescent pigment / alginate fiber spinning solution and color property of colored alginate fiber was studied. The results showed that SMA fluorescent pigment and alginate spinning solution had high temperature stability. Similar to alginate fiber spinning solution,fluorescent pigment / alginate spinning solution exhibited its viscosity decreased with the increase of shear rate.K / S value and fluorescence intensity of colored alginate membrane increased with the increase of fluorescent pigments content. When the fluorescent pigment content was higher than 4%, the fluorescence intensity of colored alginate membrane decreased, and the prepared colored alginate membrane showed excellent water resistance transference.


Metal-mediated coupling reactions between alkynes and CO have led to a wide variety of new organic ligands and new organic molecules. Recent studies of the reactions of alkynes with dinuclear manganese carbonyl complexes have revealed a tendency for coupling of the alkynes to one or more of the CO ligands. A special feature of these reactions is the coordination of the oxygen atom of the CO group of the metal atoms. We have now found that the reaction of EtO[sub 2]CC[triple bond]CCO[sub 2]Et with Mn[sub 2](CO)[sub 9](NCMe) at 25[degree]C for 20 h produces the new compound Mn[sub 2](CO)[sub 8][EtO[sub 2]CC=C(CO[sub 2]Et)C=O], 1, in a 22% diffraction analysis, and an ORTEP diagram of its molecular structure is shown. The molecule contains a EtO[sub 2]CC=C(CO[sub 2]Et)C=O ligand formed by the coupling of the alkyne to the carbon atom of a CO ligand. Most importantly, the EtO[sub 2]CC=C(CO[sub 2]Et)C=O ligand has been inserted into the manganese-manganese bond. The oxygen atom of the CO group and one carbon atom of the EtO[sub 2]CC=CCO[sub 2]Et grouping are coordinated to the metal atom Mn(1), resulting in the formation of a five-membered metallacyclic ring. The carbon atom of the CO group and the carbonyl oxygen O(4) ofmore » one of the carboxylate groups are coordinated to Mn(2) to form a second five-membered metallacyclic ring. 15 refs., 2 figs.« less


The empirical optimization of the preparation of catalytically active copper-containing catalysts is far more advanced than the fundamental understanding of the catalyst performance because of the ...


Wind energy is an important renewable energy. Its utilization entirely relies on the data of wind resource. In order to promote further utilization of wind energy, UNDP/GEF implemented the testing program of wind and solar resources in Qinghai province. In this paper the implementation situation of this program was described, the data obtained by measuring was analyzed and a final conclusion on the wind energy of the testing site was submitted.


English translation of three-character pathogenesis TCM terms was investigated in this paper from the perspective of accuracy and systematization, two main principles of terminology translation. The terms were classified into five categories according to the three-character syntactic structure, i.e. attributive-modifier structure, adverbial-modifier structure, subject-predicate structure, subject-predicate-object structure and verb-object structure. Further study was conducted to investigate the English translation of attributive-modifier structure terms by comparing four prominent national and international standards of TCM terminologies.

Key words:
Three-character TCM term; Pathogenesis; Attributive-modifier structure; English translation


Paroxysmal Atrial fibrillation (PAF) is a heart problem relating to irregular and rapid beating of the heart atria. It has risk of stroke and is independently associated with risk of mortality. Early information of PAF episode is important for a patient to have appropriate treatment to reduce atrial fibrillation complications. This article presents a new strategy to detect PAF with base of statistical electrocardiographic features and a support vector machine (SVM). R-peak series of electrocardiogram were segmented and were extracted to find the statistics of RR intervals. Different approaches in relation with the segmentation were investigated. Two-class SVM with radial basis function (RBF) and the statistics of RR intervals were examined for PAF detection. Using clinical data of patients with PAF, the proposed strategy showed excellent performance of 99.17% in terms of accuracy. The experimental result indicated that the appropriate statistics of RR intervals and SVM-RBF with its suitable parameters can perform well for PAF detection.


The molecule 4,4´-azobis(3,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole) (H2azbpz) can exist in different planar conformers which differ in the relative orientation of the NH atoms with respect to the central azo bond a...


A twin screw extruder was used for continuous modification of polypropylene (PP) via UV radiation. Long chain branches (LCBs) were incorporated in the PP backbone to modify its rheological properties. Benzophenones (BPH) as photoinitiator and trimethylolpropane triacrylate (TMPTA) as coagent were utilized during PP photomodification. Radiation was carried out after mixing in the extruder on solid stretched strands with ∼0.3 mm thickness. The effects of photoinitiator concentration, radiation time, and coagent presence were studied via a replicated two-level full factorial design of experiments. It was shown that photomodification of PP can be done continuously. Formation of LCBs in the experimental runs was confirmed via rheological measurements. Gel content of the samples was also measured. It was found that LCBs can be formed in PP with and without TMPTA at certain processing conditions. The amount of gel in the samples prepared with TMPTA was higher; however, the gel content could be controlled by manipulating BPH concentration and radiation time. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 55:2423–2432, 2015. © 2015 Society of Plastics Engineers


The invention provides a chip package provided with a magnetic substrate and a method for manufacturing the chip package. The chip package comprises the substrate, a chip, a magnetic particle layer, a wire and a packaging layer, wherein the substrate is provided with a magnetic particle area, the first surface of the chip is provided with a welding plate and is far away from the substrate, the second surface of the chip is coated with the magnetic particle layer, the magnetic particle layer is opposite to the magnetic particle area so that magnetism is formed between the magnetic particle layer and the magnetic particle area, the chip is attached to the substrate through the magnetism between the magnetic particle layer and the magnetic particle area, the wire is used for allowing the welding plate on the chip to be electrically connected with the substrate, and the packaging layer is used for packaging and protecting the chip and the substrate.


Penned sheep were fed on species of Atriplex or Kochia, either alone or as supplements to a roughage diet. The intake and digestibility of the diets, and the weight change of the sheep were recorded. The digestible dry matter intake of A. nummularia and A. vesicaria was sufficient for maintenance of the sheep, provided that fresh water was available. There was little seasonal change in the quality of the Atriglex diets. The intake of a protein-deficient roughage was not altered by the addition of 150 g dry matter of Atriplex or Kochia as a supplement. Body weight loss was decreased or gain increased, but neither significantly, by the addition of these supplements which were high in nitrogen.


Discrete manufacturing products are often assembled from multiple parts through a series of discrete processes. How to effectively configure resources in a discrete manufacturing environment is an important research topic worthy of attention. Based on an in-depth analysis of the discrete manufacturing operation model and the manufacturing resource allocation process, this paper fully considers the uncertainty factors of the manufacturing resource customers and the interests of the manufacturing resource suppliers and proposes a bilevel planning model under a fuzzy environment that comprehensively considers the customers' expectation bias and the suppliers' profit maximization. The method firstly uses a language phrase to collect the language evaluation of the customers and suppliers for manufacturing tasks and uses a trapezoidal fuzzy number to convert the language evaluation phrase into a value that can be calculated. Then, we use the prospect theory to optimize the constraint indicators based on the language evaluation of customers and suppliers. Next, the bilevel planning model for optimal configuration of manufacturing resources in discrete manufacturing environment is established under the consideration of the respective interests of both the customers and the suppliers, and the fast nondominated sorting genetic algorithm (NSGA-II) is used to solve the model. Finally, an example is given to verify the validity and feasibility of the model.


496 In Age Studies, sociologist Susan Pickard has produced an important and timely conversation about the cultural, political, and scientific ideologies that shape us as subjects of age. With a focus in the United Kingdom, she joins other critical gerontologists with an emphasis on class and gender inequalities in the making of the modern life course. We learn how accepted models of human development have been naturalized in ways that diminish their social contexts. Thus, "age studies" means both the history of the study of age and how we might go about studying it differently. This dual meaning resonates throughout the book's 12 chapters as each establishes the critical issues embedded within particular life stages and then addresses alternative strategies for change. Chapter 2 is about enduring class-based advantages and disadvantages and the consequences of lifelong cycles of education, work, risk, and poverty for retirement and longevity. Chapter 3 similarly examines the gender gaps and constraints that merge patriarchal and age regimes to produce earlier and harsher forms of marginalization, devaluation, and insecurity for women who also bear the disproportionate burdens of domestic labour.


Two double component co-doped adsorbents,Fe-V-TiO2 and Ag-C-TiO2,were obtained by coprecipitation and hydrothermal method.Methylene blue and reactive brilliant red X-3B were used as target to evaluate their property respectively.The physicochemical properties of the adsorbents were characterized by XRD,FTIR and SEM.The results showed that Fe-V-TiO2 and Ag-C-TiO2 nano-adsorbents with high efficiency were successful prepared,and they have a certain selectivity.After adsorbing 30 minutes,the decolour rate of Fe-V-TiO2 for methylene blue (100 ppm) was up to 95.86% and Ag-C-TiO2 for reactive brilliant red X-3B (50 ppm) was 92.06%.


. In autumn 2015, Europe was confronted with a dramatic migration and refugee's movement – the so-called Refugee Crisis 2015. No ebbing of the migration and refugee pathways can be expected for the near future. Can simulation help to analyse the pathway of migration in such a critical case, and can simulation forecast pathways of migrants and refugees under different circumstances? This contribution first sketches variants of the Spatial Interaction Model, a model approach for any kind of population shift in certain regions. This more theoretical introduction is followed by the development of a Spatial Interaction Model for the pathway of migrants and refugees during the Refugee Crisis 2015, and by model implementation and identification of model parameters based on UNHCR data reported during the crisis. Next follows a spatial extension including the Mediterranean Sea route allowing a forecast and real data comparison for pathways of migrants and refugees in summer 2016. Last step is development of a Scenario Model allowing the study of possible control actions. The simulation model does not pro-vide direct help for the people involved, but the simulation can help in better understanding and improving the situation of migrants and refugees – the authors hope.


Thispaperdescribes thedesign, development and testing ofanX-bandfrequency synthesizer. Thesynthesizer consists ofavoltage-controll ed oscillator (VCO),aphase- lockedloop(PLL)circuit anda reference oscillator. Commercially available components usedinthedesign provide alowcostandshort timetomarket solution. Typical output powerofthesynthesizer is+10dBm.Loopfilter isdesigned fora lowphasemargin of480.Spurlevels arebelow- 119.6dBc. Thecomplete circuit isrealized using anX-band VCO,afrequency divider (:8), adigital frequency synthesizer chip (DPLL), aloopfilter andamicrocontroller. Thedesign is veryimmunetoenvironmental changes especially temperature variations andistested upto100°C.


The aim of the study is to determine that physical therapy when used along with electric modalities in order to improve the range of motion in frozen shoulder is more beneficial than using modalities alone. 20 subjects were selected for this experimental study with frozen shoulder. The subject were divided into two intervention groups; one with 10 subject treatment plan included both electrical modalities and stretching exercises, second group with 10 subject treatment consisted of only electrical modalities. Tool used for assessment were Visual analogue scale to measure pain and goniometer was used for measuring range of motion at shoulder joint. The analysis was done to measure the difference of effectiveness of both intervention, independent t-test showed significance difference between both intervention groups (<0.05 p) for both dependent variables (pain and range of motion). KEYWORDS; ADHESIVE CAPSULITIS, EXERCISE THERAPY, DEGREE OF PAIN INTRODUCTION Frozen Shoulder or Adhesive Capsulitis is a joint problem characterized by severe joint pain, stiffness and with progressive restriction of movement in all planes at the shoulder joint, this condition can persist for several years (Neviaser, 1962). It is a common joint condition that affects about 2% of general population annually. Etiology of Frozen shoulder is unknown or it occurs after trauma, the term adhesive capsulitis is used for the idiopathic cases. Other associating factors of frozen shoulder includes female gender, age above 40, trauma, immobilisation, diabetes, thyroid disease, stroke, and myocardial infarction, and autoimmune diseases, cervical spine disorders and reflex sympathetic dystrophy syndrome (Neviaser, 1962) (Goldberg , Scarlat , & Harryman , 1999) .Frozen shoulder typically involve three phases, first painful phase, leading to gradual joint stiffness, second stiffness phase, pain gradually reduce with marked increase in joint stiffness in all movement planes and the third thawing phase, slow regain in movement and pain relief (Reeves, 1975).


Background: Phacoemulsification surgery is the most frequent cataract surgery performed in developed countries because of its effectiveness and safety. However, some degree of endothelial loss is inevitable in any type of cataract surgery, including phacoemulsification. Anterior chamber depth (ACD) could be considered as one of important anatomical parameters for preserving endothelial loss from the mechanical and thermal damage that can occur during the procedure. Purpose: To evaluate the effects of ACD on endothelial cell density, hexagonality, coefficient variation (CV) and central corneal thickness (CCT) at one and four weeks after phacoemulsification using transversal ultrasound. Method: This was a prospective study conducted at Cicendo National Eye Hospital Indonesia from April to August 2018, where we performed phacoemulsification in 148 patients with ACD < 3 mm group, ACD ≥ 3 mm group. Specular microscopy examination was performed prior to phacoemulsification and repeated at one and four weeks after surgery. The changes in endothelial density, percentage of hexagonality, CV and CCT between two groups were evaluated and compared. Result: Mean (SD) endothelial density in ACD < 3 mm group and ACD ≥ 3 mm group at 1-week evaluation was 1761.9 (503.3) and 1966.1 (530.6) cells/mm2 respectively, with p value 0.030. At 4-week evaluation, endothelial cell density in ACD < 3 mm group and ACD ≥ 3 mm group was 1537.8 (504.9) and 1798.7 (554.0) cells/mm2 respectively, with p value 0.010. There was no statistical difference regarding hexagonality, CV and CCT between both groups at 1-week and 4-week evaluation. Endothelial density changes percentage also higher in ACD < 3 mm group at 1-week and 4-week evaluation. Conclusion: Endothelial cell density in ACD < 3 mm group was significantly lower compared to ACD ≥ 3 mm group at 1-week and 4-week evaluation after phacoemulsification.


The Surface Acoustic Wave (SAW) gas sensor for nitrogen dioxide (NO2) detection utilizing the Multistrip coupler (MSC) is numerically investigated. A model for SAW-MSC based on LiNbO3 as a piezoelectric substrate and employing the copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as a sensing layer for the NO2 gas sensor is explored. The sensor signal originates from surface conductivity changes induced by the adsorbed NO2. This variation in conductivity leads to a changing coupling efficiency of the multistrip coupler and, thus, to variations in the insertion loss (IL) of the device under the adsorption influence of the NO2 gas concentration. The number of electrodes has been optimized. Then, the impact of the NO2 gas concentration, up to 3000 ppb, on the change in the velocity is explored. The results reveal an almost linear behavior of the IL versus the gas concentration. The obtained results are found to agree well with the previous experimental results.


The use of the Schrodinger equation in classical physics was begun in 1950; in the classical context it is known as the parabolic wave equation. The derivation of the parabolic wave equation from the full classical wave equation is analogous to deriving the Schrodinger equation from the Klein–Gordon equation. An introduction to the Schrodinger equation by this route could be of help in introductory quantum‐mechanics classes.


[Objective]To study the relationship between high myopia and fingerprint.[Methods]7 462 students in East China Institute of Technology were mass surveyed,206 students were detected to be high myopia including(including 104 males and 102 females,and identification of fingerprint were performed to them.[Results]When compared with people with health vision,the number of ridge among students with high myopia was significantly fewer,and the incidence of radial loop was also higher. The radial loop was concentrated on index finger. Our study showed that the incidence of congenital myopia was higher among people with the radial loop on the fingers except index finger.[Conclusion]High myopia is associated with fingerprint. We could detect the high myopia and protect ourselves as soon as possible on the basis of the permanence of our fingerprint.


Article history: Received July 28, 2012 Accepted November 27, 2012 Available online December 1 2012 Today global warming is on the rise and the natural resources are getting consumed at a faster rate. Power consumption has increased many folds to cater the human need. Thus renewable energy resources are the only option available at this juncture. Wind energy is one of the renewable energy. Location selection for wind farm takes an important role on power generation. However, the location selection is a complex multicriteria problem due to the criteria factors which are conflicting in nature as well as uncertain. The process becomes more complex when a group of decision makers are involved in decision making. In the present study, a COPRAS (COmplex PRoportional ASsessment) based multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) methodology is done under fuzzy environment with the help of multiple decision makers. More specifically, this study is aimed to focus the applicability of COPRAS-F as a strategic decision making tools to handle the group decision-making problems. © 2013 Growing Science Ltd. All rights reserved.


Background: Prey often make behavioural and morphological adaptations to avoid predation, and these alternative defence mechanisms may either compensate for, or reinforce, one another. Objective: We examined correlations between anti-predator behaviour and morphology in threespine stickleback fish (Gasterosteus aculeatus) in four environments distinguished by their predation histories: marine/anadromous populations co-existing with native predatory fish (representative of the ancestral environment), and three freshwater environments with native, introduced, and no predatory fish, respectively. To determine whether morphological and behavioural defences reinforce one another (trait co-specialization) or whether they represent alternative strategies for defence (trait compensation), we related morphology of laboratoryreared stickleback to the intensity of their responses to a simulated predator attack, which had previously been assessed (Wund et al., 2015). Methods: Eight aspects of stickleback morphology were measured, all of which loaded heavily and positively on a single principal component that accounted for 61.3% of the variation in traits. Pearson correlation was used to determine whether PC1 was associated with the intensity of anti-predator response. Results: A weak negative correlation was observed between anti-predator behaviour and morphology overall. However, considering each predation environment separately revealed that populations from marine and freshwater environments containing native predatory fish displayed trait co-specialization (positive correlation) between armour and behaviour, while those from environments with recently introduced predatory trout displayed trait compensation (negative correlation). No correlation was observed in populations lacking these predators. Not all populations within the 'introduced predatory fish' category showed the same pattern of relationship, however, indicating that additional factors mediate the co-evolutionary dynamics of anti-predator behaviour and morphology. Results were similar whether we considered sizestandardized or unstandardized morphological traits. Correspondence: C.A. Marshall, Department of Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. email: email@example.com Consult the copyright statement on the inside front cover for non-commercial copying policies. Evolutionary Ecology Research, 2017, 18: 305–322 © 2017 Craig A. Marshall Conclusion: Our results suggest that over the long term, the two types of defence co-evolve to reinforce one another, but within the first few decades of exposure to predatory fish, antipredator behaviour compensates for diminished morphological defences.


Renal dysfunction is one of the most important comorbidities in patients with chronic heart failure (HF) and frequently accentuated in the setting of acute HF (AHF). Serum creatinine and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) have been classically used as markers of renal dysfunction, despite having several limitations. High (BUN)/creatinine ratio has been associated with higher mortality in patients with HF. We aimed to predict the long-term outcome of patients admitted with acute heart failure to the emergency department using renal markers.

 900 patients admitted to our emergency department diagnosed with AHF were retrospectively analysed. Patients were divided into 4 groups according to BUN and SCr on admission:
 – BUN ≤33 mg/dL and SCr ≤1.56 mg/dL (group LowBUN/LowCr), n=544;
 – BUN ≤33 mg/dL and SCr >1.56 mg/dl (group LowBUN/HighCr), n=25;
 – BUN >33 mg/dL and SCr ≤1.56 mg/dL (group HighBUN/LowCr), n=131;
 – BUN >33 mg/dL and SCr >1.56 mg/dL (group HighBUN/HighCr), n=200;
 The primary end-point of this study was the occurrence of all-cause mortality during follow-up.

 The median (IQR) BUN level on admission was 28.0 (20) mg/dL, median (IQR) SCr level on admission was 1.15 (0.73) mg/d, mean age was 81±7 years, 50.8% (n=457) were women and median follow up was 7 months. A total of 41.2% patients were diabetic, 21.7% had at least mild COPD, CAD was present in 28.9% of cases, 44.0% had valvular heart disease and 68.4% patients had atrial fibrillation.
 Creatinine, BUN and Cr/BUN ratio predicted survival at 6 months (p<0.05).
 Survival was the lowest in the group HighBUN/HighCr and the highest in the group LowBUN/LowCr. As expected, BUN/Cr ratio was the highest in group HighBUN/LowCr and the lowest in group LowBUN/HighCr.

 Despite not having the highest BUN/Cr ratio, patients with BUN >33 mg/dL and SCr >1.56 mg/dL showed the worst prognosis.

 Type of funding sources: None.


Repeated load triaxial (RLT) tests at many different combinations of confining stress and vertical cyclic stress for 50,000 loading cycles were conducted on a range of granular and glass aggregate mixtures. Results are analysed to predict the number heavy axle passes to achieve a rut depth limit that denotes failure. In the last 2 years at least 100 RLT tests have been conducted on TNZ M4 compliant and non compliant aggregates. This paper reports trends in results with observations on why some basecourse aggregates perform better than others. Different percentages of crushed glass and aggregate were also tested and results are reported. Results from RLT tests in some cases are surprising and early established theories of what makes a good basecourse do not always apply. Overall the repeated load triaxial test has proven ability to rank and predict the performance non traditional aggregates including waste and recycled materials. The introduction of the RLT test into Transit New Zealand specifications will allow more use of these non traditional materials in road construction. (a)


The second National Editors Conference, Editing in Context, will be held in Melbourne in October 2005. A member of the Society of Editors (Victoria) previews the event.


Modern day society knows about the benefits of psychoneurobics. Psychoneurobics straightforwardly impacts every one of the frameworks and organs of the body. This study inspecting social ways to deal with lighten the force and anticipate advancement of diabetes mellitus. What's more, to improve diabetes self-administration by rehearsing psychoneurobics. There were 22 male and 8 female members with diabetes .Intervention program was for 3 months. Before the intercession program began, second and third months blood investigate fasting and after nourishment were gathered. Correlation of pre-post blood test have been finished. There was a huge contrast seen at 1% level. No huge contrast found in connection with sexual orientation and also with age length of the members. The portion of the prescription routine continued as before under the convention. An adjustment in the way of life received by the member was that the act of psychoneurobics for 60 minutes. Alongside a dietary change, ideally veggie lover nourishment were prescribed


Subpicosecond time-resolved Raman spectroscopy has been used to measure the lifetime of the LO phonon mode in GaN at T = 300K for photoexcited electron-hole pair density ranging from 1016cm-3 to 2x1019 cm-3. The lifetime has been found to decrease from 2.5 ps, at the lowest density to 0.35 ps, at the highest density. Our experimental findings should help resolve the recent controversy over the lifetime of LO phonon mode in GaN.


By means of slip movement boundary condition, two decisive factors of particle group and wall friction are analyzed: friction factor and normal pressure, the expression for calculating friction is given and is used for simulating viscous flow model for descending of coke in CDQ chamber. The calculated results show that the disposal of slip boundary condition can substantially improve the simulation in expanding section of CDQ chamber; At the lower part of CDQ chamber, the wall friction has obvious influence on coke descending near the wall; the friction calculating method given in the paper is applicable to simulating viscous flow model of coke descending in CDQ chamber.


Objective:With the popularity of endoscope, case reports of duodenal varice increased year by year. Based on both literature and our experience from diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal varices, a new typing classi cation of gastrointestinal varicose was introduced and applied to the typing of duodenal found. The etiological and endoscopic treatment of duodenal varice will be discussed. Method: From November 2000 to August 2008, 85 495 cases (excluding varicosis of esophagus and found gastric) of ordinary upper gastrodoudenal endoscopy were analyzed and 8 cases of duodenal varicosis were found; 7788 cases of esophageal and gastric varicose were given endoscope examination and treatment as well as duodenal examination, and 16 cases of duodenal varicosis were found. Among the 26 cases, there are 19 female and 7 male with the age ranging from 19 to 74 and its average 46.1 years. All the cases of duodenal varicosis were found during endoscopic examination or those cannot be diagnosed by ordinary endoscope were con rmed by EUS. The 26 cases were typed by LDRf (L, Location; D, Diameter; Rf, Risk factor) classification method and their etiology, examinations and treatment methods were analyzed. Results:(1)Classi cation of duodenal varices by endoscope Ld1(5 cases,19.2%),Ld1,2(2 cases,7.7%),Ld2(19 cases,73.1%);D0(0 case),D0.3(2 cases),D1(10 cases),D2(13 cases),D3(1cases);Rf0(0 cases),Rf1(0cases),Rf2(4 cases)(.2)Etiological factor Hepatitis B-related liver cirrhosis 8 cases (47.1%),hepatitis C-related liver cirrhosis 1 case (5.9%),hepatitis autoimmune disease cirrhosis 3 cases(17.6%),portal sponge-like degeneration 2 cases(11.8%),unexplained liver cirrhosis 1 case(5.9%),HCC 1 case(5.9%) ,unexplained duodenal varices 1 case(5.9%).4 cases (23.5%)were splenectomized among 17 hospitalization patients(.3)Therapeutic methods of endoscope and follow up: the methods of 4 cases who were treated under endoscope was 2 of them tissue glue,1 sclerosing agent injection and 1 banding ligation.The 4 cases varicosis were vanish by follow up of endoscope at 2 13 months after treatment. 2 of 9 cases were die with other reasons during follow up. Conclusion: Not only this classi cation is brief and clear, clarify catchy, normative, operative easily and uni ed, but also it can guide varicose vein's therapy. However we need further research necessary in practice. Duodenum varicose vein's endosopic therapy (sclerosing agent injection, tissue adhesive injection , banding ligation) is e ective, but it's correlative factors of effective power and complication also need further research of large sample for long time .


OF THE THESIS A HEURISTIC ALGORITHM TO GENERATE TEST PROGRAM SEQUENCES FOR MOVING PROBE ELECTRONIC TEST EQUIPMENT by Bertha M. Arteta Florida International University, 2001 Miami, Florida Professor Ronald Giachetti, Major Professor The electronics industry, is experiencing two trends one of which is the drive towards miniaturization of electronic products. The in-circuit testing predominantly used for continuity testing of printed circuit boards (PCB) can no longer meet the demands of smaller size circuits. This has lead to the development of moving probe testing equipment. Moving Probe Test opens up the opportunity to test PCBs where the test points are on a small pitch (distance between points). However, since the test uses probes that move sequentially to perform the test, the total test time is much greater than traditional in-circuit test. While significant effort has concentrated on the equipment design and development, little work has examined algorithms for efficient test sequencing. The test sequence has the greatest impact on total test time, which will determine the production cycle time of the product. Minimizing total test time is a NP-hard problem similar to the traveling salesman problem, except with two traveling salesmen that must coordinate their movements.


Summary In 2 out of 3 years, lactating cows on pasture voluntarily consumed significantly more loose than block salt. However, the lower intakes of salt as block salt were adequate to meet the needs for lactation. The intake of salt was significantly influenced by the type of pasture furnished the cows.


A client tells you about her experience of childhood sexual assault. She has decided not to press charges, although remains disturbed at the possibility other such assaults are being, or have been, perpetrated on other victims. The events occurred more than ten years prior. You determine your highest duty is to maintain confidentiality - to respect the autonomy of your client to determine whether to enter the legal process.


A bacterial isolate capable of degrading alpha-isomer of the insecticide HCH used this
chemical as the sole source of carbon and energy. Pseudomonas (Ptm' strain) produced 10
times more biomass when mannitol was the carbon source and 3 times more biomass with
glucose. Binary mixtures of mannitol nnd alpha·HCH showed simultaneous utilisation of
both the molecules. Pattern of proliferation on HCH and its structural analog inositol was
similar indicating the involvement of common enzyme systems in their breakdown. Utilisation
of alpha-HCH and yeast extract increased when both substrates were added together to the
medium, suggesting some co-factors contained in yeast extract accelerated alpha HCH
degradation in Ptm+ strain, resulting in better growth. Mannitol (11.1 mM) yeast extract
(0.25%) and HCH (68.8 uM) containing medium was suitable for the biomass production of
HCH degrading bacteria.


Objective
To specifically cleave the intracellular HBV DNA using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR)/Cas9 genome editing technology.

Methods
Using of Lenti CRISPRv2 system, we designed 3 highly conserved guide RNAs (gRNAs) to specifically cleave HBV genome. The cleavage efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 targeting at HBV DNA in plasmids, the episomal HBV DNA or integrated HBV DNA in chromosome was evaluated in the cell cultures of HepG2.2.15 and HepDES19, and in a model of C57BL/6 mouse infected with AAV-HBV1.3.

Results
Viral proteins were inhibited by 30%-50% by a single site CRISPR/Cas9 cleavagein the HepG2 cells transiently co-transfected with HBV DNA, multiple sites of cleavage significantly elevated the efficiency to 70%-90%. Compared with that of HepG2.2.15 cells, HBeAg in HepDES19 cells was inhibitedby at least three-fold higher.

Conclusion
Multiple sites cleavage significantly improve the efficacy of CRISPR/Cas9 systems, and this system is more efficient to cleave the extra-chromosome HBV DNA than the integrated HBV DNA in chromosomes.

Key words:
Hepatitis B; cccDNA; CRISP/Cas9; Genes; Antivirus


In this paper, I adopt the framework of the political business cycle to derive a model of politician decision making with regard to international trade policy. To test my model, I estimate a probit regression using a unique data set of 18 U.S. Senate votes on trade liberalization from 1993-2011. My regression measures the impact of impending reelection on an incumbent politician's trade policy choice, controlling for the capitallabor distribution and employment make-up of the politician's constituency, as well as the politician's personal ideology. I find empirical support for my hypothesis that, all else equal, a politician within two years of an election is less likely to vote in favor of trade


Ultrasound and biological tools are used to predict high‐grade vesicoureteral reflux, but other markers are needed to better select patients who need voiding cystography. Our aim was to determine whether studying Escherichia coli virulence factors would help to predict vesicoureteral reflux in patients with their first acute pyelonephritis.


Magnetostriction-based actuators are finding increased applications in the general area of smart structures. This paper deals with the design methodology of magnetostriction- based actuators that use magnetostrictive material in the bulk or particulate form emphasizing the interaction between various design parameters. The design methodology is discussed under two categories, viz., constant internal stress actuators and variable internal stress actuators with examples. The simulation plots show how the parameters such as volume fraction, stiffness ratio, curing field, and internal stress affect the overall performance of the actuators.


Based on 4 period registration remote sensing data, combined with field investigation, the dynamic monitoring of forest vegetation, grass vegetation and wetland in modern Yellow River Delta was conduced by using the techniques of remote sensing and geographical information system. The vegetation cover area increased yearly between 1977 to 2004, with an average increase of 3373.68 hm2 per year, in wich the cover area of Tamarix chinesis, Phragmites communis, Suaeda salsa and cropland showed an increasing tendency, the area had increased 1066.14,314.19, 1128.87,5811.71 hm2 respectively during the period. The area of woodland Robinia pseudoacacia was fluctuated. Three kinds of wetland, including river, marsh and seabeach, existed in early years in the study, while the reservoir, paddy field, prawn pool and pond were added to the wetland in late years. Influenced by the flow of Yellow River and the activities of human,the cover area of the river and marsh tended to decrease, however, the area of reservoir, paddy field, prawn pool and seabeach increased obviously.


Social media has developed rapidly, which had already affected modern people's life style. Meanwhile, social media has produced huge amounts of data. In research, we find that there is no explicit definition of user's behavior pattern in social network. Therefore, we focused on the research of that and found people who have two types of behaviors which are inseparably intertwined. The two types that mentioned are functional behaviors and social behaviors. We have defined user's behavior, and regarded user's behavior as a vertical timeline which the object of study is individual. With adding some horizontal lines which stand for social behaviors between vertical timelines, the model linked different people. Experiment's research takes Sina Weibo as an object. For obtaining the social behavior pattern, we use the generalized sequential pattern algorithm (GSP) for data mining. And the pattern is represented by the form of [User Behavior User → User Behavior User]*n. According to the result and algorithm accuracy confirmation, the frequent behavioral patterns of a certain person can be obtained. After that we can also predict user's behaviors in the future.


The changes of sugar and related enzyme activity in kiwifruit during softening and senescence were researched.The results indicated that Ca2+ treatment could influence activity of sucrose synthase(SS),sucrose phosphate synthase(SPS) and invertase(AI and NI) effectively,but sucrose synthase and invertase played important parts in sugar metabolism,and sucrose phosphate synthase caused a less effect on softening and senescence.


Objective To explore the effect of inhalation therapy with four combined drugs of interferon Salbulamol,Ipatropine and betamethasone on patients with infant bronchiolits.Method 180 were randomly assigned to treatmental and control group,all received anti-virus therapy preventive antibiotic administration,treatment for mixed infections.Patients in the treatmental group received inhalation therapy with four combined drugs,While subjects in the control group receive inhalation therapy with α-chymotrypsin,gentamicin and dexamethasone.Result Effect of inhalation on treatmental group was signifcantly better than in the control group.Length of hospital stay of the treatmental group was shorter than in the control group.The disappeared time of symptoms and pulmonary signs was markedly lower in the treatment group than in the control group.Conclusion Effect of inhalation therapy with four combined drugs can substointially improve the symptoms and shorten duration in the absence of severe adverse reactions.


ABSTRACT In dry direct seeded rice (DDSR), weeds are the major problems limiting the productivity of crop. Sesbania co-culture with DDSR as well as seed rates of rice affect weed density by smothering effect on weeds and therefore can be a better weed management technique. Two year field experiments were conducted at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal from 2015 to 2016 to assess the effect of Sesbania knockdown dates and seed rates of DDSR on weed density and yield of rice. The experiment was arranged in two factorial strip plot design having four replications. The treatment comprised of four levels of seed rates of DDSR (25, 50, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) in the vertical strips whereas four levels of Sesbania knockdown days (21, 28, 35 and 42 days after sowing (DAS)) in horizontal strip. The data on weed densities, weed biomass, yield and yield attributing characters of rice were collected and analyzed using MSTATC statistical software. The data revealed decreasing weed density with increasing days of knockdown of Sesbania. Significantly lower weed densities were recorded when Sesbania was knockdown at 42 DAS as compared with 21 and 28 DAS at all dates of observations and in both years 2015 and 2016. The weed densities at knockdown days of 35 and 42 DAS were statistically at par with each other at 45 and 105 DAS in 2016. Similarly, weed densities were significantly lower when seed rates of DDSR was increased to 75 to 100 kg ha-1 as compared to 25 to 50 kg ha-1 in both years at most of observation dates. Sesbania knockdown at 42 DAS recorded significantly higher grain and straw yields but was statistically similar to knockdown dates of 35 DAS. Similarly, higher seed rates of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 produced better grain and straw yields than 25 to 50 kg ha-1 seed rates of DDSR. The higher yield of DDSR at knockdown of Sesbania at 35 to 42 DAS and higher seed rates of 75 to 100 kg ha-1 of DDSR was due to reduction in weed density which resulted in better yield attributes and grain yield of DDSR. Therefore, knockdown days of 35 DAS and seed rates of 75 kg ha-1 seem better option for DDSR.


Statistical evaluation of the occurrence rates for the pipe-to-soil potential difference values based on modelling of the pipeline response to the geomagnetic activity in two different locations (high latitude and mid-latitude) will be combined with the method developed for calculation of corrosion rate (metal loss). The presented approach and results of its application to different types of pipelines located at different latitudes can be used as a practical guidance for the assessments of the space weather impacts on pipeline operations.


• Received: 30 January 2018 • Revised: 25 April 2018 • Accepted: 06 May 2018 • Published: 02 July 2018 • ABSTRACT Increase in volume of waste generated by municipal residents, change in the quality of waste composition and the treatment and disposal method of waste collected are of major concern. The exploitation of the metabolic versatility of microorganisms is advantageous in biological waste treatment but the actual number of degraders of a target compound in a mixed culture may only represent 5-10% of the microbial community. To understand how microorganisms may be manipulated and exploited to reduce the frequency of such breakdowns and shorten start-up times of biological waste treatment, the important bacterial strains actively involved in the degradation of municipal solid waste were isolated, screened and enzyme assays were performed. The identified strains were then used for molecular studies by DNA isolation and 16S rRNA PCR amplification. The molecular characteristic study was done by sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree construction. It was concluded that Cellulomonas fimi, Bacillus thuringiensis, Paenibacillus favisporus, Lysinibacillus, Bacillus tequilenis, Geobacillus thermoleovorans, Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus subtillis, Bacillus halotolerans, Escherichia coli, Bacillus sp., Paenibacillus polymyxa, Bacillus cereus, Paenibacillus mucilaginosus, Ruminococcus champanellens, Serratia marcescens, Ruminococcus albus, Pseudomonas stutzeri are the most dominant species in municipal solid waste and proved effective in the degradation of the kitchen wastes. We therefore developed an efficient bacterial consortia that could concomitantly degrade different components of the organic wastes with the help of their enzymes in less span of time under natural conditions without producing any foul odour.


The research aimed to analyze the influence of mother-child attachment and child growth on social-emotional development of preschoolers children. This research used cross sectional design and conducted in the Village of Balumbang Jaya, West Bogor sub-district, Bogor City.. This research involved 100 families that were selected by purposive sampling and then involved mother as respondent. For answering the purpose of the study, the data were analyzed using multiple linear regression. This research showed that about two of five mothers (61,0%) had an insecure mother-child attachment. Moreover, about seven of ten children (70,0%) had a risk on growth disorder. Meanwhile, the study revealed that emotional social development of children were in medium categorize with the highest average index on adaptive functioning dimension and the lowest on compliance dimension. Children whose the mother did not work had higher emotional social development than children whose the mother worked. Children who had normal growth status, had higher emotional social development than children who had the risk of growth disorder status. Moreover, increasing of education level of the mother and mother-child attachment will affect the improvement of social-emotional development of preschoolers children.


Disclosed is a electrowinning using sulfuric acid-based electrolyte, lower potential for oxygen generation as compared with conventional anode can be reduced electrolytic voltage and the power per unit, and various types of anode metal electrowinning and electrowinning anode which can be used as, to provide the electrowinning method using sulfuric acid-based electrolyte, lower potential and the electrolytic voltage of the anode, the electrolytic extraction method capable of reducing the power per unit electrowinning . An electrowinning anode of the present invention is an anode of the electrowinning using sulfuric acid-based electrolyte, a catalyst layer containing an amorphous ruthenium oxide and amorphous tantalum oxide of the conductive substrate is intended to form, also electrowinning process of the present invention is an electrowinning method using a sulfuric acid-based electrolyte, it is to use a electrowinning anode of the present invention. .BACKGROUND


Testing is a key software lifecycle activity to assure software quality. Although it is of recognized importance, the work on agent testing has been scarce and has been usually tied to a MAS design methodology. This article presents a methodology agnostic testing procedure along with the description of a testing toolkit for MAS, with a practical application to a real, in production MAS. We also present some insights into our practical experience testing MAS.


After 15 years of intense research on the risks of nanomaterials, the evaluation of specific nanomaterials is still difficult. The more research is performed, the more studies which demonstrate critical effects of nanomaterials are published. In this regard, it should be noted that most published studies do not show usable toxicological results, although these are well-cited as such and appear as headlines in the daily press. There is a lack of reliability of the scientific data, especially for nanosafety research. Here, this statement is illustrated by examples and solutions are shown.


The atmospheric circulation models are deduced from the very complex atmospheric circulation models based on the actual background and meteorological data. The models are able to show features of atmospheric circulation and are easy to be studied. It is proved that existence of global solutions to atmospheric circulation models with the use of the $T$-weakly continuous operator.


The calling on livestock is increasing fast because of the population and economic broadening. In recent years, the contribution of the livestock sector to greenhouse gas emissions and climate change has been a concern. This sector accounts for the second largest share of anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions after the energy sector. The storage of animal manure is very important in this respect. Because gases such as nitrous oxide and methane, which are important greenhouse gases, are formed during storage. Therefore, it is very important to focus on this area to make manure management systems sustainable. In this study, greenhouse gas emissions that may occur in the provinces located in the region called Turkey's Lakes Region were estimated using the data on the number of different species of animals published in 2016-2020. Evolution by years has been evaluated on a provincial basis. The global warming potential created by greenhouse gas emissions has been determined. As an animal species in the study; dairy and beef cattle, buffalo, sheep, goat, donkey-mule, meat and laying chicken, turkey, duck, and goose were used. 1567000 tons of CH4 emission has occurred due to the total enteric fermentation of animal origin. The amount of CH4 calculated based on manure management is 22450 tons. The CO2 equivalent amount of CH4 emission due to manure management and enteric fermentation was calculated as 33380500 tons. The total amount of direct and indirect N2O emissions from manure management in 2016-2020 is 12566.10 tons. CO2 emission originating from N2O emission was obtained as 555743.46 tons.


Background: The quality assurance of doctoral nursing education programs is one of the priorities of educational systems, with significant effects on the development and improvement of educational programs. Therefore, identifying the strengths and weaknesses of these programs through comparison can be useful.Objectives: This study aimed to compare the doctoral nursing education programs in Iran and Japan.Methods: In this descriptive and comparative study, which was based on the model proposed by Beredy, the Iranian doctoral program in nursing education was compared with that of Japan in four stages of description, interpretation, juxtaposition, and comparison.Results: The doctoral nursing education program in Japan was older than its Iranian counterpart, based on historical records. The challenges of nursing education in Iran included the student admission system, inflexibility of the program, and emphasis on theoretical education. The strict rules regarding article publication in International Scientific Indexing (ISI) journals and the higher number of credits in the Iranian program, compared to its Japanese counterpart, were among the strengths of Iran's program, increasing the level of students' knowledge and preparation for research activities.Conclusion: Comparison of the educational systems of Iran and Japan indicated the need for a more flexible and community-based curriculum in Iran.


The modal chromosome number of the goat (Capra hircus) is 60. The autosomes are acrocentric or telocentric, the X chromosome acrocentric, and the Y chromosome submetacentric. Quinacrine-mustard staining and fluorescence microscopy make it possible to identify 28 out of 30 chromosome pairs. The X chromosome is one of the largest chromosomes, the Y chromosome the smallest. Homologous chromosomes vary considerably in length. The Q-band pattern of the autosomes in goats and cattle seem to be identical. The X chromosomes in goats and cattle presumably contain equal amounts of DNA and the same number of Q-bands, but the sequence of the latter are different.


Managers and information are key components in most management control literature, and a range of tools and concepts have been developed to better accommodate the information needs of managers so a ...