After brutally suppressing the Bar-Kokhba Revolt, Hadrian proceeded with his plans to rebuild Jerusalem as a pagan Roman city called Aelia Capitolina. Hadrian, whose full name was Publius Aelius Hadrianus, followed the precedent established by Alexander the Great centuries earlier and gave the refounded city his own name. Capitolina refers to Capitoline Jupiter, who replaced the God of Israel as the city's patron deity. The name Aelia stuck for centuries; even under Muslim rule (after 640 C.E.), the city sometimes was referred to as "Ilya." Aelia Capitolina was a pagan city in more than name alone. In punishment for the Bar-Kokhba Revolt, Hadrian prohibited Jews from living in Aelia Capitolina and its environs, a ban that remained in effect for at least a couple of generations. Instead, Hadrian populated the city with Roman military veterans. The Tenth Legion was stationed in Aelia Capitolina until the emperor Diocletian transferred it to Aila (modern ʿAqaba) on the Red Sea around 300 C.E. Hadrian gave Aelia Capitolina a typical Roman city plan: a roughly square layout, with the four sides of the square oriented toward the cardinal points, and one main gate in the center of each side. These gates gave access to two main roads that bisected the city from north to south and east to west, and intersected in the center. Other roads were laid out parallel to the two main roads, creating a grid of streets running north-south and east-west. The Romans called a north-south road a cardo , and an east-west road a decumanus . The main north-south road was the cardo maximus , and the main east-west road was the decumanus maximus . This type of city plan is related to the layout of Roman military camps, like those at Masada. It represents an adaptation of the Hippodamian town plan common in the Hellenistic world, which had a grid of streets running north-south and east-west, but did not have a regular (square) layout or two main roads bisecting the city.


Cultural competence is a continual process that is ever expanding. Cultural competence is defined as proficient knowledge, skill development, and the application of that knowledge and skills to demonstrate cultural awareness, understanding, sensitivity, and humility. The objective of a health science-related cultural competence seminar is to provide meaningful and in-depth discourse expounding upon cultural attitudes, expressions, and experiences that shape and direct interactions between patient and health providers, allied health professionals, medical and allied health students, and faculty. The current health care infrastructure is "ill-equipped to provide effective health care to underserved populations in the United States" (Roberts et al., 2015, p. 1408). As such, the Post Baccalaureate Seminar was developed to mitigate the gap between what students know upon entering medical studies versus what they need to know to provide culturally competent care, particularly in medically underserved areas. The Post Baccalaureate Seminar is a 15-week course given during the fall semester of the one-year program in preparation for matriculation into medical school. Students have required readings, small group didactics, and group activities which address professionalism, medical ethics and experimentation, informed consent, cross-cultural communication, Lesbian/Gay/Bisexual/Transgender/Questioning (LGBTQ + ) concerns, and other aspects of cultural diversity. The required texts were selected as a pedagogical strategy to introduce the constructs of valuing diversity in a holistic manner. Upon completion of the seminar, premedical students indicate increased knowledge and skills for displaying cultural awareness and a greater level of sensitivity for their medical studies.


Abstract Howell, Smith, and Stanley (1981) found no significant differences between normal readers and specific reading-disabled children in spatial-frequency-dependent visible persistence durations as previously demonstrated by Lovegrove, Heddle, and Slaghuis (1980). Howell et al. (1981) argued that the difference between these two sets of results may have been due to their use of a flicker-free oscilloscope which reduced transient involvement whereas Lovegrove et al. (1980) used a tachistoscope which included some physical flicker. Four experiments are reported which investigate the role of physical flicker in visible persistence in controls and SRDs. The results indicate that the presence of stimulus flicker plays a role in determining visible persistence differences between the groups and are consistent with the proposal of a transient system deficit in the SRD group.


The utility model discloses a water faucet capable of guiding standard hand washing. The water faucet comprises a handle, a water outlet and a water faucet connected in order, wherein the middle of the water faucet is provided with a player, the top of the player is provided with a record chip, an inductor is arranged on the left side of the player, the bottom of the water faucet is provided with a water pipe, a bracket is fixed at the back of the water faucet, and a liquid crystal display is arranged on the bracket. A voice prompter and the liquid crystal display are arranged on the water faucet, the standard hand-washing process is recorded in the record chip, and the video of the content of please washing hands carefully and the hand washing process is recorded to be displayed by the liquid crystal display, the video is in loop playback so that people can wash hands according to the standard, the disease virus and bacterium are completely eliminated, and the epidemic disease is not spread and effectively controlled.


Abstract This case‐study research investigated mentroing interactions at five elementary schools within a district‐wide, state‐mandated induction program. The subjects of the study were five mentor teachers and their five first‐year colleagues. A literal replication of cases described both the objective and subjective features of mentor/first‐year teacher interactions. Typologies were developed to illustrate types of interactions and mentoring styles. Results indicate that school and district administration, in order to facilitate successful mentoring, should develop a formally structured approach to the selection, training and assignment of mentors.


Diabetes has become a chronic disease that seriously threatens human health. It is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia and there is no role of the age factor involved. The long-term of diabetes disease causes chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels, and nerves. Most of the time people are not sure about this common disease at the early stage and unluckily the patient moves to a critical situation to meet with major disease due to the continuous effect of diabetes. This research is conducted to build the machine learning-based web application platform for the early diagnosis of the disease, freely accessible anywhere anytime. We used the benchmark dataset named PIDD (Prima Indian Diabetes Dataset) and performed the comparative analysis among the Naïve Bayes, Logistic Regression, K-Nearest Neighbors, Decision Trees, Random Forest and Support Vector Machines. Based on the classification performance, we found that SVM performed the best among the pool of mentioned algorithms and, therefore, adopted for the development of the intelligent web application for the diabetes diagnosis.


The aim of this work is focused on the application of electrospinning technology, an innovative manufacturing technique to design nanostructured polymers, for energy storage, energy harvesting and sensor applications. These nanostructures are suitable to increase specific performances of components: from the reduction of internal resistance of Lithium-ion batteries to the increase of specific electrical response of materials for energy harvesting. The increase of specific power of Lithium-ion batteries represents one of the key factors for the development of competitive storage systems for automotive and power grid. Indeed, electrochemical performances at high currents significantly decay, strongly limiting the competitiveness on the market beyond portable applications. Furthermore, recovery of dissipated energy will be one of the most promising challenges for the establishment of green technologies and for the reduction in power consumption. Finally, health monitoring and/or impact sensors could represent suitable technologies for the growth of smart materials. This Ph.D. thesis covers the study of PVdF-based polymers to develop enhanced materials for Lithium-ion batteries and energy harvesters.


A collection of thirty cultivars/clones of a red pitaya was used to investigate flowering response to lighting supplementation in the winter season of 2013-2014 in southern Taiwan. The night-breaking treatment was conducted during the period of 10 Oct. 2013 to 5 Mar. 2014 with 4-continuous hours (22.00 – 02.00 hrs) of additional lighting daily using incandescent bulbs (100W). Among cultivars and clones tested, twenty-three genotypes, most belonging to the red-magenta flesh type, were found to have positively flowering response to the lighting treatment. The duration of night-breaking treatment for successful flowering initiation varied from 3348 days. The lighting-sensitive genotypes bore 1-2 flowering flushes. Floral and fruiting stages took 21-26 and 46-59 days, respectively. Among sixteen fruiting genotypes, the highest fruit set rates were found in Damao 9, D4, D13, Chaozou large, Chaozhou 5, Small Nick and F22. Five cultivars and clones (Orejona, D4, Chaozhou large, Chaozhou 5 and Small Nick) produced fruits with an average weight of more than 300 g per fruit which were higher than those of the fruits formed in the summer of 2013. Fruits produced during off-season containing total soluble solids (TSS) from 17.5 to 20.7Brix, which were higher than those produced inseason. Keywords—Flowering response, long-day plant, night-breaking treatment, off-season production, pitaya.


From the ancient times, plants have afforded themselves for the treatment of wide variety of diseases. This herbal basket of the nature has been explored in this review to highlight some of its potential herbs for the cure of Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD). The motto behind the review on PUD was due to the wide spreading nature of peptic ulcer in all class of population, which may be due to the rapidly changing food habits and stress, causing an imbalance between the gastric offensive and defensive factors. Plants are getting more reliability in current days, because they lack significant side effects and are safe. On the other hand, the synthetic antiulcer drugs are constantly reported to possess critical adverse effects like arrhythmia, gynaecomastia, impotency, arthralgia etc. The relapse rate of ulcer has also been reported to be high in such molecules. A few plants have been reviewed to bring their mechanism of anti-ulcerogenic properties to the front, to promote more research on them. Some phytoconstituents have been discussed along with the research conducted by researchers in different ulcer models for better understanding the activity of the plants. The review may hopefully put some light on this particular section of research oriented towards searching new herbal moieties to treat the PUD. Keywords: Ulcerogenic, H. pylori , Defensive factors, ethnomedicinal, phytoconstituents, gastroprotective.


Aceclofenac loaded agarose beads were prepared by ionotropic gelation method and drug release profile, swelling index (SI %) and entrapping efficiency (EE %) of aceclofenac were investigated. The drug was dissolved in melted 4 % agar solution in different ratios. Beads were prepared by dropping the hot aqueous solution into a beaker of different percentages of chilled CaCl2 solution followed by filtering the solution and drying at room temperature. The entrapment efficiency was 100±5 %. The swelling index was found to be highest (18.22 % in 4 hours) for beads containing aceclofenac-agar (1:2) in 4 % electrolyte solutions and the swelling property was decreased with increasing electrolyte concentration. In vitro dissolution of beads was carried out in USP apparatus-II (paddle method) at 75 rpm. The drug release was measured by using UVSpectrophotometer at λmax of 268 nm for acid media and 274 nm for buffer media. The dissolution data were treated with zero order, first order and Higuchi model. Half of the formulations were fitted to Higuchi model and rest half to first order model. Finally it can be concluded that with the increasing polymer (agar) concentration, the release rate of aceclofenac was decreased and swelling index was increased and with the increasing electrolyte concentration, the release rate was increased and swelling index was decreased.


This is the final publisher edited version of the paper published as Leidschrift, 2006, 21 (1), pp. 27-43. This version was first published at http://www.leidschrift.nl/.


Despite their wide use and importance, target functional dependencies (fds) are still a bottleneck for the state-of-the-art Data Exchange (DE) engines. The consequences range from incomplete support to support at the expense of an important overhead in performance. We demonstrate here ChaseFUN, a DE engine that succeeds in effectively mitigating and taming this overhead, thus making target fds affordable even for very large-sized, complex scenarios. ChaseFUN is a custom chase-based system that essentially relies on exploiting chase step ordering and constraint interaction, so as to piecemeal process, parallelize and dramatically speed-up the chase. Interestingly, the structures and concepts at the core of our system moreover allow it to seamlessly uncover a range of usually opaque details of the chase. As a result, ChaseFUN's two main strengths are: (i) its significant scalability and performance and (ii) its ability to provide detailed, granular insight on the DE process. Across our demonstration scenarios, we will emphasize our system's practical performance and ability to scale to very large source instances and sets of constraints. Furthermore, we will aim at providing the user with a novel, behind-the-scenes view on the internals of the ongoing chase process, as well as on the intrinsic structure of a DE scenario. CCS Concepts •Information systems Ñ Data exchange;


Texasite, PrrOr(SOn), occurs as a supergene alteration product of primary rare-earth minerals at the Clear Creek pegmatite, Burnet County, Texas, and at the Rode Ranch pegmatite, Llano County, Texas. Associated minerals include gadolinite, allanite, yttrofluorite, bastnaesite, behoite, rowlandite, tengerite, and chlorine-bearing jarosite. Crystals are small (0. I mm), translucent, and apple-green in color. It is orthorhombic, space group Imm2 or 1222. The unit-cell constants area:4.139(5), b:4.243(5), c: 13.431(t5) A,Z:2.The strongest lines in the X-ray powder pauern are 6.72(3)(002),4.051(7X0t1),3.960(6)(l0l), 3.358(6X004),3.082(10X013),2.238(2)(006), and 1.980(2)(202). These areessentially identical with those of synthetic PrrOr(SOn). Texasite is biaxial (-), 2V : 26-31., with refractive indices a : 1.862(2), P : 1.917(2), 7 : 1.921(2). Density (calc) is 5.769. The name is in honor of the state of Texas, the location of the Barringer Hill rare-earth pegmatite district.


Telehealth has seen a rapid growth period in the last a couple of years globally, partly propelled by the pandemic. Now many patients and healthcare providers have seen the potential benefits of telehealth, many people are in the process to drive sustained growth of this new paradigm of healthcare. The panel will be focused on two key enabling factors of the future growth of integrated telehealth, i.e., remote monitoring and AI. They will use specific cases to discuss the Opportunities and Obstacles in the development, deployment, and commercialization of these technologies.


Abstract Objective to gain insight into what older adults after hip fracture perceive as most beneficial to their recovery to everyday life. Design qualitative research approach. Setting six skilled nursing facilities. Participants 19 older community dwelling older adults (aged 65–94), who had recently received geriatric rehabilitation after hip fracture. Methods semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 older adults after hip fracture. Coding techniques based on constructivist grounded theory were applied. Results four categories were derived from the data: 'restrictions for everyday life', 'recovery process', 'resources for recovery' and 'performing everyday activities'. Physical and psychological restrictions are consequences of hip fracture that older adults have struggled to address during recovery. Three different resources were found to be beneficial for recovery; 'supporting and coaching', 'myself' and 'technological support'. These resources influenced the recovery process. Having successful experiences during recovery led to doing everyday activities in the same manner as before; unsuccessful experiences led to ceasing certain activities altogether. Conclusion participants highlight their own role ('myself') as essential for recovery. Additionally, coaching provides emotional support, which boosts self-confidence in performing everyday activities. Furthermore, technology can encourage older adults to become more active and being engaged in the recovery process. The findings suggest that more attention should be paid to follow-up interventions after discharge from inpatient rehabilitation to support older adults in finding new routines in their everyday activities. A conceptual model is presented and provides an understanding of the participants' experiences and perspectives concerning their process of recovery after hip fracture to everyday life.


The aim of the current study was to estimate influenza- and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)-associated mortality and hospitalisations, especially the influenza-associated burden among low-risk individuals ≤65 yrs old, not yet recommended for influenza vaccination in many European countries. Retrospectively during 1997–2003, Dutch national all-cause mortality and hospital discharge figures and virus surveillance data were used to estimate annual average influenza- and RSV-associated excess mortality and hospitalisation using rate difference methods. Influenza virus active periods were significantly associated with excess mortality among 50–64-yr-olds and the elderly, but not in younger age categories. Influenza-associated hospitalisation was highest and about equal for 0–1-yr-olds and the elderly, and also significant for low-risk adults. Hospitalisation among children was mostly due to respiratory conditions, and among adults cardiovascular complications were frequent. RSV-active periods were associated with excess mortality and hospitalisation among the elderly. The highest RSV-related excess hospitalisation was found in 0–1-yr-olds. Influenza-associated mortality was demonstrated in 50–64-yr-olds. Among low-risk individuals ≤65 yrs of age, influenza-associated hospitalisation rates were highest for 0–4-yr-olds, but also significant for 5–64-yr-olds. These data may further support extension of recommendations for influenza vaccination to include younger low-risk persons. The respiratory syncytial virus-associated burden was highest for young children but also substantial for the elderly.


Fifty-three Cyprinus carpio specimen were induced with three gonadal inducers: broiler chicken (BCPE), rabbit (RPE) and carp pituitary extract (CPE), as control. The average semen volume, spermatic concentration, total number of spermatozoa released in semen were higher in the males treated with BCPE and CPE (p 0.05) for progressive motility, spermatic vigor and hatching rate as result of different hormones used in males. The hormones BCPE and CPE (p < 0.05) showed better results than RPE in females, considering spawning, accumulated thermic unit, number of oocytes/g of released oocytes and hatching rate. The results suggest BCPE utilization to induce males and the development of new researches relating to females. RPE did not show satisfactory response in males nor in females.


Americans are overweight and incredibly stressed and there is no indication of this being reversed. The obesity epidemic in this country continues to escalate rapidly. Both children and adults are suffering the physical and mental effects of this crisis. Fuel For Learning (FFL) is an eight week nutrition and stress prevention intervention targeted primarily at third graders in order to give them the skills necessary to make healthy choices for themselves. The program focuses on nutrition, yoga movement, and stress prevention while meeting selected third grade education standards so that it fits into the school curriculum.. These topics and associated activities are presented in DVD format and classroom teachers function as the program facilitators. One of the most influential forces in the lives of children is their parents, especially at a young age. Parents who practice good health habits are not only benefiting themselves, but also setting an example for their children. For this reason, it is crucial that both the parents and children be educated about these topics. Parents of participating students were given educational handouts that outline the lesson that the children learned that week along with specific, practical advice for adults. This study was a non-equivalent, wait list control study. It evaluated the impact that this program had on parents/caregivers' selected food behaviors and dietary habits, stage of change for ten selected health behaviors, and the level of perceived stress. Demographic data was also collected. Fifty-six parents participated in the study. Parents' food behaviors changed significantly for one of the thirteen selected food behaviors, their stage of change improved significantly for two of the ten selected health behaviors, and there was no observable change in parents' level of perceived stress following the intervention.


This article analyzes the main elements of the discourse of the Spanish political party, Espana 2000, conceived as a formation attached to the current "radical populist right". For this, the methodology of content analysis is used and the model of "Ideological Totalism" proposed by Robert Jay Lifton, which describes the elements that characterize radical ideologies, is applied. As sources of information the statements of the leaders of the formation during a conflict happened in the city of Valencia (Spain) are used. The research shows the totalitarian particularities of the discourse of the Spanish formation and its main ideological axes, which like other Europeans, is based on the question of immigration and national identity and with which they generate xenophobic attitudes.


The complexity and function of transportation are evolving following the advancements in technology. This phenomenon is correlated to the needs of transportation users and also the requirement to develop new and safer transportation which will ease the commuting process. Using communication technology, transportation systems gain an added advantage on top of its conventional purpose. The technology of communications and computing embedded into transportation branches into a field named Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS). To enable such frameworks, the communication support infrastructure has to be well defined and planned systematically. The integration of communication into transportation systems and vehicles helps broadcast information to help the driver make informed decisions. Users of transportation can also benefit from the updated information regarding routes and options to travel. Besides that, the introduction of wireless sensors will help autonomous systems facilitate public transportation. This paper describes a framework to address the challenges in public transportation service in campus, more specifically, to improve the smoothness and reliability of service. The communication network can improve the overall efficiency and bring comfort to travelers.


Her study investigates personality of King George VI reflected in The King's Speech movie viewed from psychoanalytic approach. Her research is aimed to analyze personality of King George VI viewed in character of King
George VI based on psychoanalytic perspective and analyze the movie based on its structural elements. In achieving the objectives, the researcher uses descriptive qualitative
method as the type of the research. The object of her study is The King's Speech movie by Tom Hooper. The data sources are the primary data and secondary data. The primary data are the movie itself and the secondary data are the other data which have relationship with the study, such as some biography of the author, the books and other relevant information. In collecting the data, the researcher uses
documentation method and the technique of the data analysis is descriptive analysis. Based on the psychoanalytic analysis, in The King's Speech, Tom Hooper describes how the personality of King George VI is one of causes the story
become interesting, because he has an interesting personality. He is a kind person who can give influence for the audiences because King George VI has good personality, even though he has stammer, but he is very responsible for his duty. Structure of King George VI's personality shows interesting conflict between id, ego, and superego. It can be seen from King George VI has done in this movie,
such as when King George VI's superego pressures id to be a king although he knows that he never wishes to be king of England. He knows the limitations he has. He has stammer but he always strives to recover his stammer.


Kibera is the largest slum in Nairobi County and also the largest urban slum in Africa. Despite many challenges facing the masses in Kibera like HIV/AIDS, negative ethnicity, poverty, diseases, illiteracy and insecurity, the people of Kibera have formed a strong partnership with the Christ-Centered Organizations (CCOs) to ensure social transformation within. However, Christ-Centered organizations have faced diminishing resources, corruption and low capacity thus exacerbating many of the challenges identified above. Whereas a lot of basic research has been done in the region, very little study has been done to profile and ascertain the contributions of Christ-Centered organizations within Kibera slums. The study relied on 10 focus group discussions and 301 questionnaires to profile and establish the roles of Christ-Centered organizations in Kibera slums which included Facing the future (FAFU) an FBO which is Christ Centered, Christ Co-Workers (Chrisco), African Inland Church (AIC), Anglican Church of Kenya (ACK) and the Catholic church. It also examined challenges and measures that have been put in place to tackle challenges which Christ Centered Organizations are facing. To achieve the above objectives, the study relied on descriptive research and this was critical in enabling the communities to evolve questions and actions on issues that are significant. The data was organized, tabulated, interpreted and described. Consequently, the study that was funded by St Paul's University builds onto the institution's pioneer works on integral mission and spiritual formation in the study site. The study concludes that reliance on domestic resources and ensuring strong working relation with the state agencies is likely to ensure a sustainable social transformation of the people and the area. Key Words: Christ Centred Organizations, Role, Challenges, Kibera, Slums


This study investigated the relationship of continuing education in the area of Physical Education with thedevelopment of teaching pedagogical activity, based on the perspectives and experiences of a group of twenty one PhysicalEducation teachers from the state public network that teach in the State of Rio Grande do Sul South. Participants answered aquestionnaire with the purpose of confronting ideas, experiences and experiences, as well as the association with the problemsfaced in teaching practice in order to respond to the challenges in the classroom. It is understood that, in identifying the trainingneeds expressed by the educators, this study may present as indicative contributions to (re) think about the formative actions inthe area of physical education, so that they correspond adequately to the reality that the teachers are inserted in their areas ofaction for the satisfactory outcome of the teaching and learning process in school physical education.


The construction industries are relatively conservative type of business that takes a longtime to adjust for new methods and embrace new ideas. It dose not matter if the newmethod seems to be an im ...


Researchers constantly attach importance to Wen Yiduo's theory of neo-poetry metricalization,but few pay attention to the "hypostasis" and "non-poetic" ideas of neo-poetry he raises,which are nevertheless the most important propositions of neo-poetry theories.Only by fully understanding the relation between his "non-poetic" idea and metricalization theory can we hope to comprehensively understand and grasp Wen's contribution to neo-poetry theory.


Learning is benefiting from the development of information technology. The ideological and political education in universities plays a key role in the cultivation of what kind of people students are. Mobile learning based on information technology, especially with the help of smart phones, can be an important supplement to the traditional form of Ideological and political education. Starting from the improvement of learning effect, and emphasizing problem-solving as the core concept of mobile learning, this paper puts forward the construction path of ideological and political mobile learning system from four aspects: learning concept, content innovation, interactive mechanism and incentive mechanism.


The electroplated hard chromium coat was selected as precoating to improve surface properties of 40Cr. Then electron beam alloying process was experimentalized. The relation rules were summarized between alloying process parameters and overall surface properties by surface morphology observation, surface energy spectrum analysis, EDX analysis in section, and XRD. Experiment results showed that the microcracks appeared on surface of electron beam alloying specimen. Microcracks could disappear when the orthogonal experimental optimum process was used. The matrix metal elements diffused into metal coating surface after electron beam treatment. The maximum depth of alloyed layer could reach 8 μm after electron beam alloying treatment, and electron beam alloying process generated new residual austenite phase.


Abstract ―Vapor pressure of HFC-404a and polyol ester system were measured at 56 points from 263.15to 323.15 K and from 0 to 90 mass %polyol ester. It was found that below 273.15 K, the effect of the polyolester on the vapor pressure was negligible up to 30 mass % polyol ester. The vapor pressure of the systemsignificantly decreased as the mass fraction of polyol ester increased over 50 percent. Raoult's model andFlory-Huggins model were tested for data reduction. Empirical vapor pressure equations were obtained in termsof temperature and mass fraction of polyol ester. Key words : vapor pressure, bubble point, HFC404a, Polyol ester, mixture, vapor-liquid equilibria. 1. Introduction In view of ozone layer depletion and global warm-ing, developing new alternative refrigerants has been akey issue in refrigeration industry. The refrigerantHFC-404a{4-52-44 blend of 1,1,1,2-Tetrafluoroethane(HFC-134a) + 1,1,1-Trifluoroetane (HFC-143a) +Penta- fluoroethane (HFC-125)} is recognized as an en-vironmentally safe refrigerant in place of chlorodi-fluoro ethane (HCFC-22) and chlorodifluoroethane


I first studied international law 35 years ago. As a candidate for what was then Section D of the LL.B. (the public international law papers) at Cambridge, I attended lectures and seminars on the International Court of Justice (ICJ) and on international, that is inter-state, arbitration. It was a wonderful time to be a student of these subjects, not least because we were studying case law when there were comparatively few cases to study, which left plenty of scope for the enjoyment of other aspects of student life. The ICJ, whose reports for 1977 are only four pages long, had only one case pending before it (over which it would soon decide that it lacked jurisdiction).1 The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) was then the only functioning human rights court and its entire jurisprudence could still fit into a single volume of law reports, although the European Commission of Human Rights, to which at that time all applications had to be made, had decided many more cases. Investor-state arbitration was largely unknown. There were no international criminal courts or tribunals and almost no serious discussion of the possibility of creating such bodies. Moreover, it would be difficult to argue that the proceedings which did take place at that time occupied a central place in international relations. Although some of the judgments given by the ICJ during the 1970s were to have an important effect on the development of the law, they had less obvious impact at the time. Between 1971 and 1980 only nine contentious cases were brought before the Court. One of those was withdrawn2 and one was still pending at * Judge, International Court of Justice. 1 Aegean Sea Continental Shelf (Greece v Turkey), Judgment, ICJ Reports 1978, p. 3. 2 Trial of Pakistani Prisoners of War (Pakistan v India), Interim Protection, Order of 13 July 1973, ICJ Reports 1973, p. 328. An Order officially recording the discontinuance of the proceedings was issued on 15 December 1973.


The purpose of this study is to analyze the characteristics of partnerships to achieve sustainable competitive advantage based on management alliance capabilities. The attribute of partnership, behavioral communication, and technique of solution conflict were found as a mutually effective of the characteristic of partnership to gained success. However, it is not enough without management alliance capabilities. Previous studies have shown several failures in making partnerships. The development of a management alliance approach to the company was needed as a priority in the alliance strategy because although many companies knew about the importance of this, only a small number were aware of how to take this seriously. This study presents to overview of the associated with a characteristic partnership as a source sustainable competitive advantage based on management alliance to gained success.


Transparent conducting films has high properties of transmittance and conductance in the visible range. Because of its special optical and electrical properties, it is used for many application. We report in this paper our study on Aluminum -doped ZnO (AZO) thin films and three-layered thin films, in which a Ag thin film is sandwiched in between two AZO thin films. First of all, AZO thin films were deposited on glass substrates using an RF magnetron sputter deposition method. The optical and electrical properties of AZO thin films with different deposition parameters, including sputtering power, T-S distance, working pressure and oxygen pressure, were investigated. According to the above analysis the best deposition parameters of AZO thin film can be determined. And then a three-layered thin film (AZO/Ag/AZO) was grown on the glass substrate to enhance the electrical conductivity. The Ag thin film was deposited between a fixed AZO thin film (5 ~ 15 nm) using a E-Beam deposition method. The different thickness of Ag thin film were applied. All the films obtained were characterized for the electrical and optical properties. The variation of the properties with Ag film thickness was investigated. For the physical property analysis of the AZO thin films, the microstructure and roughness of the AZO thin films which had been interlayer with different Ag thickness were measured by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM), respectively. For the optical property analysis of the AZO thin films, the transmittance and reflectivity of the AZO thin films which had been interlayer with different Ag thickness were measured by the ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer (UV-VIS). For the electrical property analysis of the AZO thin films, the carrier concentration and the carrier mobility were measured by hall effect measurement system . In the experiment results,the FE-SEM and AFM analysis present the variation of the surface microstructure is as a function of Ag layer. In the transmittance part, the AZO thin films interlayer with Ag thickness of 10 nm is over 91.89 % of maximum transmittance in the visible part of the spectra (300 ~ 800 nm): the carrier concentration of 8.563 × 10-21 cm-3;mobility of 9.265 cm2/V-s;low resistivity of 3.71 × 10-4 Ω-cm. Due to the above results, the appropriate Ag layer can enhance the crystal structure, optics and electricity properties of AZO thin films. The AZO/Ag/AZO multilayer thin film is suitable as transparent conductive component for transparent electronics.


Exhibition Review of A History of the Future: Imagining Melbourne, 12 May to 12 August 2016, City Gallery, City of Melbourne, curated by Clare Williamson.


Comparative analyses were performed at the immunological, biological, and genetic level to establish the degree of relatedness of a group of four cytotoxic enterotoxins and aerolysins produced by different isolates of Aeromonas: SSU [16], Ah1 [13], Ah2 [18], and Ah65 [21]. Results obtained from Western blot analysis, neutralization studies, and Southern blot analysis indicated that although the members of this group of toxins displayed structural similarities they also differed from each other at the immunological, biological and genetic level.


Companies have been witnessing major changes in their environment and environmental models have been developed aiming to improve their strategic planning. The objective of this study was to examine the environmental approach adopted by companies within the Pulp and Paper, Metallurgical and Sugar and Alcohol sectors, in order to evaluate their environmental performances. The analysis was based on a matrix which relates managerial functions with a set of environmental approaches and performance indicators, classifying the company environmental performance as weak, moderate or strong. The managerial functions approached in this model are: Management (General, Legal Affairs, Finance, Human Resources and Purchasing); Product and Process Development; Production and Maintenance; and Marketing. The analyzed indicators include: international insertion; capital origin and location. The pulp and paper and metallurgical companies obtained average scores of 54.5 and 51.56 points, respectively, being classified as having a strong environmental performance. On the other hand, the sugar and alcohol companies obtained average score of 46 points, being classified as moderate in environmental performance. The high level of environmental performance of pulp and paper and metallurgical companies can be attributed to the following factors: larger international insertion, presence of foreign capital in controlling shares, performance in the international market and company location near large population centers. Pulp and paper and mainly sugar and alcohol companies are less efficient in meeting the requirements of the environmental legislation, particularly those related to the conformity of permanent protected areas and legal reserves.


The size and shape of thermal lesions induced by high‐intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) are key factors in treating disease. Studies are being conducted to determine how HIFU beams and exposures can be designed to produce useful lesion attributes in specific target tissues. The studies include radially asymmetric beams and tissues with different acoustic absorption coefficients; sharp thermal gradients at such boundaries can significantly affect lesion geometry. Ocular tumor therapy uses asymmetric beams that produce lesions with ellipsoidal cross sections to facilitate treatments with closely packed lesion matrices. Three‐dimensional simulations have analyzed heat patterns and lesions induced by these beams in irregular tumors whose geometry is derived from clinical serial‐plane scans using 50‐MHz diagnostic ultrasound. The simulations documented difficulties in treating boundary regions adjacent to the waterlike vitreous humor. Lesion results were consistent with in vitro and in vivo animal experiment...


This paper presents an e cient algorithm for generating a continuous precise contact motion between planar geometric models bounded by piecewise polynomial C1-continuous parametric B-spline curves. A system of algebraic constraint equations is formulated and then e ciently solved for the two/three-contact con guration between two planar B-spline curves. The result is essentially the same as the generation of con guration space obstacle for a moving curve (with translation and rotation) against a stationary curve. The two-contact motion can be characterized as the intersection curve in the boundary of the con guration space obstacle. The topology of the reconstructed solution is guaranteed to be correct up to a prescribed tolerance and we demonstrate the e ectiveness of the proposed approach using several test examples of continuous contact motion among planar freeform smooth geometric models.


OBJECTIVE
Through analysis of variation and function of five endogenous hormones (IAA, GA3, ABA, ZR and JA) in the formation of microtubers of Pinellia ternata in vitro to explore the physiological and biochemical mechanism of tubers' development.

METHOD
The endogenous hormones of microtubers were isolated in different stages of tubers expansion when the leaf stalks of P. ternata were cultured on MS + 6-BA 0.5 mg x L(-1) + NAA 0.1 mg x L(-1) + sucrose 5% medium to induce the formation of microtubers, then them and stems were detected with Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA).

RESULT
The results showed that the content of IAA, ABA, JA and ZR in the intumescentia period of microtubers were rapidly rising. The curve of GA3 appeared the type of anti-S.

CONCLUSION
IAA, ABA, JA, ZR and GA3 played an important role in controlling formation of microtubers in P. ternata.


A voltage controlled oscillator (VCO) in a rather new topology is presented. The architecture is based on the classical Colpitts oscillator in common-gate configuration. In order to achieve a higher effective transconductance the gate is not biased with a DC voltage. Instead the biasing voltage has a phase shift of 180deg to the signal at the LC-tank. The design goals have been a wide tuning range and a low power consumption with at the same time the least possible phase noise.


An on-board-unit for use in a vehicle identification system including an energy harvester capable of providing at least a part of energy required to operate the on-board-unit.


Dual fuel engines are being utilized more due to stricter emission standards, increasing diesel fuel cost, and decreasing natural gas cost. These engines are originally sold as diesel engines. They are converted to dual fuel operation with an aftermarket dual fuel kit. Natural gas is blended with the intake air. As this occurs the amount of diesel used is reduced. The maximum natural gas substitution is limited by knock or emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and total hydrocarbons (THC). In this work a John Deere 6068H diesel engine is converted to operate as a dual fuel engine. The engine is a tier II 6 cylinder, 6.8 liter, 4-stroke compression ignition engine with a compression ratio of 17:1 and a power rating of 168 kW at 2200 rpm. This work aims to evaluate emissions and efficiency of a diesel derivative dual fuel engine. A natural gas fuel system was installed to deliver fuel upstream of the turbocharger compressor. The engine was operated at 1800 rpm through five different load points in diesel and dual fuel operating modes. Fuel consumption and pollutant emissions were measured. Elevated carbon monoxide and hydrocarbon emissions were observed at low loads for dual fuel operation. Overall CO and THC emissions increased for dual fuel operation. However, particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) on average were significantly decreased.


The present invention discloses a multi-cylinder sequential telescoping hydraulic systems and construction machinery. The sequential multi-cylinder telescoping hydraulic system comprises a main valve, a first cylinder, a second cylinder, a first switch valve, second switch valve and a valve, wherein: the main valve and the first working port, respectively, the second actuator port a first port and a first switching valve connected to a first port of the second switch valve; oil inlet valve and the return port are respectively connected to the second switching valve and the second port of the first switching valve rodless chamber of the second port, the first operating valve and a second working port connected to the second port, respectively, and the cylinder rod chamber of the first cylinder; a first cylinder rod connected to the first chamber two cylinder rod chamber of the first cylinder rod chamber to the first switching valve to the first port or the second actuator port connected to the main valve. The present invention is of simple structure, without using a one-way sequence valve or a hydraulic lock, to ensure the reliability while reducing the overall cost.


This article introduces how to choose the appropriate compensating elevation of projective planes to compensate the length deformation as a result of reducting the side length of the reference elliptical surface on the Gauss projection plane to the greatest extent;and also introduces the conversion method while the projection elevation plane is changed;and to verify the effectiveness of the correct selection of counter elevation plane through the actual data.


Over the past few decades, fuller lips have been considered a desirable trait. Numerous therapeutic options exist for aesthetic lip augmentation, ranging from temporary and permanent injectable fillers to implants and other surgical techniques.This article discusses lip augmentation, including fillers, surgery etc. as correction for this process.  Composition of the various fillers is discussed in conjunction with their respective outcomes and duration of effect.


A new method of calculation of patch dimensions of a rectangular microstrip patch antennas using Artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been adopted in this paper. An ANN model has been developed and tested for rectangular patch antenna design. It transforms the data containing the dielectric constant (�r), thickness of the substrate (h), and antenna's dominant-mode resonant frequency (fr) to the patch dimensions that is, length (l) and width (w) of the patch. The results obtained using ANNs are compared with the simulation findings. The simulated values are obtained by designing the microstrip antenna using IE3D electromagnetic simulator. The ANNs results are more in agreement with simulation findings.


This fifth edition covers the Troubles from 1968 to 1998. It contains: a chronology of events; an alphabetical dictionary of people, parties, organizations and key places; sections on election results, systems of government and the security system; and a comprehensive index.


An important problem in the design of some array beam- formers is to find the number of array elements and their spatial locations necessary to meet a given response. In this paper we present a new technique for simultaneous determination of the minimum number of array elements, their locations and the shading weights necessary to meet some response specified in terms of a set of linear inequality constraints. Results are presented for the design of optimally sparse linear and circular arrays for narrow band applications.


This paper summarized the analysis technology of inkjet materials at home and abroad,including analysis of coating composition and characterization of surface structure of the coating.The coating composition was analyzed by infrared reflection-absorption spectrum(IRAS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS),and the surface characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM) and atomic force microscope(AFM).In addition,the methods of quality evaluation of product were reviewed,including whiteness,glossiness,color density,gamut,image definition,water fastness and light fastness.These methods would provide target selections for the final applications because only excellent inkjet materials would be received and applied by more consumers.The advantages and disadvantages of the analysis technology of inkjet materials and the methods of quality evaluation of product were summarized.


To achieve the artificial manipulation of the acoustic wave front, and to produce high-efficiency acoustic focusing effect, this paper designed an $H$ -type locally resonant metamaterial structure based on a two-dimensional three-component local resonance unit. The transmission characteristics of acoustic waves in this model were analyzed by using COMSOL, which is a finite element simulation software. We found that the incident acoustic energy was absorbed by the model, and the transmission path was consistent with the model structure. We also found that in different frequencies, the transmission characteristics of acoustic waves were different. The acoustic transmission characteristics improved as the waves approached the resonant frequency. Because of the flexibility and controllability of metamaterials, the structure can be designed according to specific conditions in practical applications to meet the resonant frequency required for transmitting acoustic signals, thus, improving the acoustic transmission efficiency. In addition, if the point excitation source of spherical waves was replaced by the line excitation source of plane waves, a plane acoustic wave focusing phenomenon would occur, which further proved that the local resonance acoustic metamaterial has good focusing characteristics and manipulation characteristics. The result of our research provides a new direction for underwater acoustic imaging, acoustic communication, and acoustic detection.


To study the performance of alfalfa roots and production capacities,root traits and their correlation with forage yield were studied with eight alfalfa varieties on an experimental farm of Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities.The results showed that in the seventh year after planting,field density of Algonquin was the highest while it was the lowest for Alfalfa King among eight alfalfa varieties;the rates of rotted roots of WL-324 and Algonquin were lower than that of the other varieties,WL-323HQ and Alfalfa King were obviously higher;diameter of root of Vernal and Algonquin were higher,Alfalfa King and Treasure of Farmer were lower.In 0~50 cm soil layer,the number of lateral root,the tap root dry weight,the lateral root dry weight and the root total dry weight of Algonquin species were all highest,and with the depth increasing of the soil layers,the number of lateral root,the taproot root dry weight,the lateral root dry weight and the root total dry weight of eight alfalfa varieties decreased.The forage yield of eight alfalfa varieties in 2008 and the forage yield of total weight in 2002—2008 of Algonquin species were all highest,and lowest of Alfalfa King.The density,the forage yield in 2008 and the total forage yield 2002—2008 showed extremely significant difference.The root total dry weight.The diameter of root and the forage yield in 2008 showed significant association.Rotten rate of root with the forage yield in 2008 and the total forage yield 2002—2008 showed negative correlation.Synthetically,taking these factors into account,such as forage yield and root traits,Algonquin would be the best variety in the region.


I read with interest the report of two cases of uvula necrosis following anaesthesia (Anaesthesia 1994; 4 9 457-8). I have also seen two very similar cases in patients whose tracheas have been intubated, and, talking to colleagues, I have heard of further anecdotal reports. It is perhaps not as rare as one might think. Like Dr Commins and his colleagues, I assumed that it was likely to be due to pressure from the tracheal tube. However, whilst suctioning the pharynx of another patient under direct vision, I noticed the uvula being drawn up inside the Yankauer sucker. I released the suction immediately and the patient did not suffer any consequences. This made me suspec; that this was a very likely mechanism for the occurrence of uvula necrosis, particularly if the uvula is held inside the sucker for any length of time, for instance during blind suctioning. This mechanism was indeed suggested by Stubbing [l] in his letter quoted by Dr Commins and his colleagues.


A charging method for charging a battery and associated charging structure. Said charging method comprising: providing in association with a charge cycle in the residual capacity during the warranty life of the non-constant voltage charging characteristic curve of the rechargeable battery; The number of charging current to the rechargeable battery to the non-constant charge cycles find the residual capacity of the rechargeable battery voltage characteristic during the charging voltage curve to arrive at a desired residual capacity limit a charging voltage; and by adjusting the battery charging current to charge the rechargeable battery so that the terminal voltage of the actual arrival time of charging limit voltage residual capacity approaching the expected residual capacity of the found. The structure comprises a charging power supply device and a terminal device, the terminal device includes a rechargeable battery and a battery management module. The present invention can achieve a balance between both the rechargeable battery and shortening the lifetime of the rechargeable battery charging time.


The utility model discloses a waterproof radiating box body of an electric appliance, in particular a waterproof radiating control box of an electric appliance, belonging to the technical field of box bodies. The waterproof radiating box body is particularly suitable for outdoor or damp special environments and comprises an upper cover, a base and at least one wire outlet. The wire outlet, the upper cover and the base are movably connected in a water sealing way. At least part of the upper cover and part of the base are made of radiating materials. Elements emitting heat in the electric appliance are closely attached onto the radiating materials. The radiating materials can be metallic materials or heat-conducting ceramics or other radiating materials with good performance. The utility model has the advantages that the structure is simple, the cost is low, the installation, the repair and the maintenance are convenient, most heat generated by electronic elements which emit heat can be dissipated towards the outside world through the box body, and the defects of the prior art that the heat is left in a sealed space and cannot be dissipated in time, the operation and the service life of the electric appliance are affected and the like are overcome.


In this paper,the series data of dynamic chasing monitor to the first Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel red tide in Tianjin coastal sea areas of Bohai Bay in 2006.It is found that:(1) A sudden eruption of the first Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel red tide causes less damage to marine life.To a certain extent,a conclusion from the laboratory experiment was validated that the Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel cells in lower temperature waters accumulated rapidly to the climax,but it also decreased the yield of the toxin and lightens its toxic action.(2) The occurrence of Phaeocystis globosa Scherffel red tide consumes a large quantity of nutrients and this releases the serious eutrophication to some degree.The concentration's changes of nitrate and phosphate are the limiting nutritive factor and they preferably reflect the progress of the red tide.(3) The ration's unbalance of N,P and Si urged by the quick-rising of the inorganic nitrogen and the serious eutrophication status are the main reasons of this red tide.Therefore,further strengthening the supervisory to the discharge of the land-sourced pollutants is rather important to alleviate the serious eutrophication phase and to reduce the probability of the red tide's occurrence once again.


"No other volumes so well and so briefly tell so much of the scenery, physical geography and Indian lore of our North Pacific Wonderland."


Objectives: To evaluate whether BMI-for-age Z-score (BAZ), Waist Circumference (WC), or Waist-to-Height ratio (WHtR) accurately identifies dyslipidemia in a school age population. Study Design: This was a cross-sectional design study from a city of South of Brazil. A total of 592 children and adolescents from 11 schools were stratified into four groups: boys 6-11 years; boys 12-17 years; girls 6-11 years; girls 12-17 years. Area under the Curve (AUC) for ROC distribution evaluated anthropometric tools' performance to identify two or more alterations on lipid profile (Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol). Youden Index was used to extract optimal cut-off points for each anthropometric tool. Results: All anthropometric indices achieved moderate to high ability to identify dyslipidemia. WHtR was among the best performances for AUC in all groups, when compared to other anthropometric tools, and presented the strongest performance for boys at 12-17 years (0.902±0.04). According to best performances, optimal cut-offs points were: 0.74 for BAZ, 63.25 cm for WC, and 0.485 for WHtR in boys at 6-11. WHtR's cut-off of 0.5 for boys at 12-17 presented the highest accuracy (0.757) when compared to all indices among all groups. Girls at 6-11 presented optimal cut-off values of 1.71 for BAZ, and 0.499 for WHtR, while the older ones presented 71.25 cm for WC and 0.498 for WHtR. Conclusions: The three anthropometric indices were useful to identify dyslipidemia in school children and adolescents. Overall, WHtR can improve and simplify the screening process and should be encouraged as an index of cardiovascular risk factors.


The paper is to perceive accurately speed of the train through redundant processor operation. When Slip/slide is occurred at the axle, the train is applied brake force using the Tachometer and the Doppler sensor which assistance equipment. One of the main features of railway signaling system is that rolling stock is made stop to avoid collision with the rolling stock ahead when the rolling stock exceeds its maximum operating speed in line. In addition, in the case of the rolling stock with automatic train operation, it carries out activities such as braking and propulsion using the difference between its actual speed and target speed at the point. To perform these functions, it is essential to calculate the exact speed of the rolling stock in signaling equipment on vehicles. Train speed detection unit are composed of the Tachometer and the Doppler sensor, and speed information is sent to the SDU unit. The processor of SDU unit calculates the speed of the train using compare logic the received speed information. Even if there are Slip/Slide, signaling system is available to apply exact braking, to improve stop on position and to guarantee the safety of trains.


We were granted NASA support for partial sponsorship of an international conference on Galactic science, held June 15-17, 2003 and hosted by the Institute for Astrophysical Research at Boston University. This conference, entitled 'Milky Way Surveys: The Structure and Evolution of Our Galaxy' drew some 125 scientific experts, researchers, and graduate students to Boston to: (1) Present large area survey plans and findings; (2) Discuss important remaining questions and puzzles in Galactic science; and (3) To inform and excite students and researchers about the potential for using large area survey databases to address key Galactic science questions. An international Scientific Organizing Committee for this conference crafted a tightly packed two-day conference designed to highlight many recent and upcoming large area surveys (including 2MASS, SDSS, MSX, VLA-HI, GRS, and SIRTF/GLIMPSE) and current theoretical understandings and questions. By bringing together experts in the conduct of Galactic surveys and leading theorists, new ways of attacking long-standing scientific questions were encouraged. The titles of most of the talks and posters presented are attached to the end of this report.


The new energy vehicles,energy-saving and environmental-friendly,are undoubtedly a trend of automotive industry in the future.Efficient diffusion in the market of the new energy vehicles largely depends on consumer's acceptance behavior.This paper proposed a model of consumer's purchasing intention to new energy vehicles from the respective of perceived risk and involvement extent.Additionally,it also carried out a research on the influence of demographic variables.It made the investigations on 264consumers in several cities in China,and used the software of SPSS and AMOS17.0 to do data analysis and tests the research model and hypotheses.The conclusion is mainly showed as follows:(1) Consumers' perceived risk has negative influence on consumers' purchase intention towards the new energy vehicles.And,the influence of financial risk,physical risk and performance risk are significant.(2) Consumers' involvement level has positive influence on consumers' purchase intention towards the new energy vehicles.And,product knowledge and product symbol have positive influence on consumers' involvement level.(3) Demographic variables have partially influence on the perceived risk,involvement and purchase intention.Finally,the paper put forward some suggestions which are valuable to the government and car companies engaging in the marketing work of new energy vehicles.


This article presents the consequences caused by the war in Afghanistan (1979-1989) upon the participants from Republic of Moldova. A number of evidence are offered through biographies, interviews etc.. They highlight the impact that this event had both economic, and social as well, upon the active participants in this war


The reduction of stereotypic behavior is important for individuals with developmental disabilities because it may interfere with learning new skills. A common procedure used to reduce stereotypic behavior is differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO). A DRO schedule is a procedure in which reinforcement is delivered given the absence of a target response for a period of time. Although DRO schedules have been shown to be effective in reducing a variety of stereotypic behavior, empirical studies have not yet determined the most effective way to thin the reinforcement schedule. The current study examined the extent to which the relationship between the inter-response time (IRT) and the DRO requirement affects the reduction of stereotypic behavior. Results of the current study showed the DRO requirement that was set to the 25th percentile of the IRT distribution was more effective in reducing stereotypic behavior when compared with a DRO requirement set to the 95th percentile of the IRT distribution. Copyright # 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.


The simple formulas for range estimation of the attacking aircraft and missiles were derived from the angle of accomplishing threat degree ordering by means of combination of IR radiation variation and kinematics.


An error was introduced during the production process. A fixed-width font should have been used for the sequences in Table 3. The publisher apologizes for the error. Please view the corrected table here: distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.


Tourism market is a system consisting of the elements operating in the integrity and conformity. Precisely this integrity provides effective functioning of the tourism market's sistem. The article based on a systematic approach and methods of analysis of systems theory considers the essence, as well as peculiarities and patterns of development of tourism market.


The objectives of this study were to determine the seed dormancy and germination characteristics of F5 strains from common vetch x big seeded vetch hybrids. White flowered common vetch accessions and red-flowered accessions were crossed and a totally 24 high forage and seed yielding strains were developed from F5 generation of different hybrid combinations. Standard germination tests were performed at a temperature of 20°C, without light, for 14 days. The seeds were subjected to (a) no treatment (control); (b) chilling; (c) mechanical scarification; and (d) mechanical scarification + chilling. First counts were taken on day-5 and final counts were made on day-14. Hard seed percentages were very low in the tested common vetch cultivars and strains. Chilling slightly increased the germination rate in some accessions. Big seeded vetch seeds showed very high hard seed contents with the germination percentage of Ericek strain were only 5-15% and almost nil in ICARDA-5283. Big seeded vetch seeds required scarification + prechilling treatments to overcome seed dormancy. The strains differed in the persistence of hard seed in all hybrid combinations. Untreated control seeds of some strains had very high germination rates. Contrarily, some hybrid seeds required prechilling and/or scarification treatments to induce germination.


Through Leo XIII's Aeterni Patris, Thomism became the staple Catholic response against the threats of modernity. Two things immediately ensued as a result of this papal intervention: the revival of Thomistic philosophy, and with this revival, the transformation of the same as a polemical tool. While it serves well the Catholic Church's campaign for orthodoxy, it is arguable however whether such polemical shift has philosophical merit, or if it has, whether it is compatible with the tradition of doing philosophy championed by Thomas Aquinas himself. This tension within Thomism, I believe, warrants the necessity of Catholic philosophy represented by Thomism to be rethought. The goal of such rethinking, it should be emphasized, is not to undermine the gains of Thomism's revival but to locate more precisely the critical potential of Aquinas' philosophy against modernity's philosophic claims. In this paper, I will adopt Alasdair MacIntyre's hermeneutics of the aforementioned problematic, and towards the end, I will indicate the possibility of an alternative mode of reviving Thomism. First, I will rehearse the basic claims of modernity. In the ensuing part, I will show the hermeneutic conflicts that render it impossible to tell the story of modernity in a single narrative. This is followed by an account of Kant's attempt to resolve the crisis of modernity by reinstating reason in its primacy. By employing MacIntyre's tradition-constituted rationality, I will then show the divide between Kant's and Aquinas' philosophy and how the oversight of such divergence led modern Thomists to misconceive the possibility of compromise between the two. Towards the end, I will narrate the complicity, albeit the inadvertent nature, of the Kantian project with the revival of Thomism, thus posing the necessity of selfcritique on the part Catholic philosophy.


A mixed variational principle based on a bilinear material model and on complementary potential energy is applied to the analysis of plane problems. Two discrete models are used to the construction of the fundamental equations. The first model consists of rigid rectangular panels connected along the edges by springs acting in tension, compression and shear and the other one is based on the standard finite element method. The application is illustrated by the solution of a numerical example.


Fungi are among the most prolific sources of pharmacologically relevant natural products.1 This large diversity of fungal small molecules serves important functions in fungal ecology, for example as virulence factors and as chemical defense agents. However, only a fraction of the biosynthetic capabilities suggested by genomic analyses has been observed under laboratory conditions, because expression of many, perhaps even most biosynthetic pathways depends strongly on environmental conditions.2 Here we demonstrate the use of comparative metabolomics3 for the analysis of knock-out, overexpression, and knock-down strains to identify metabolites derived from two nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) gene clusters in the aflatoxin-producing ascomycete Aspergillus flavus, a crop contaminant4 and opportunistic pathogen that causes aspergillosis in immunocompromised humans.5


A novel copper-catalyzed formal O-H insertion of α-diazo-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds to carboxylic acids has been developed, providing a straightforward synthetic method for α-acyloxy-1,3-dicarbonyl compounds, in which the activation of carboxylic acids by isocyanide plays a crucial role.


Piezoelectric energy harvesting is one of the methods of obtaining energy from environment. It is often a cantilever beam with or without tip mass poled with piezoelectric material. The fixed end of cantilever beam is subjected to either base excitation or translation as occurring from an environmental source such as automobile or vibrating engine. The piezoelectric energy harvester generates maximum energy when it is excited at resonance frequency and the little variation below or above the resonance frequency will drastically reduce the power output. In this line, present work studies a broadband nonlinear piezoelectric energy harvester driven by periodic and random oscillations. The simulated response to the base excitation is illustrated in terms of harvested power. By introducing magnetic force, we can broaden the frequency zone so as to capture more energy even the beam do not vibrate close to source frequency. A magnetic tip is included at the free end of the cantilever beam and is excited by two permanent magnets fixed on either sides laterally. The symmetric bimorph cantilever beam piezoelectric energy harvester with magnetic tip is modeled as Single-degree of freedom lumped parameter system. The time domain history and frequency response diagrams for the cantilever displacement, voltage and power at the constant load resistance gives a stability picture as well as the amount of energy harvested. The effect of various parameters of energy harvester system on induced voltage and output power is studied. The distributed parameter model is formulated by using Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and Galerkin's approximation technique. The finite element modeling equations are presented with piezoelectric coupling terms. Novelty in the work include; (i) adding a magnetic force in the system to make it as broadband harvester (ii) validation of approximation solutions with spring-mass modeling.


Objective To observe the effect and safety of Mailuoning Injection(MLN) in treating patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus accompanying lower extremity atherosclerotic obliterans.Methods The selected patients were assigned by randomized digital table to a treated group (120 cases treated with MLN) and a control group (60 cases treated with alprostadil). The clinical efficacy was assessed after 4 weeks of treatment. Results The total effective rate in the treated group was 95.0%, better than that in the control group,83.3%(P<0.01).Conclusion MLN has the effect of activating blood circulation.dissolving stasis and dredging collaterals, reducing the formation of thrombi. MLN is effective and safe when applied in clinical practice for the treatment of lower extremity diabetic atherosclerotic obliterans.

Key words:
Mailuoning injection; Type 2 diabetes mellitus; Lower extremity atherosclerotic obliterans


The effect of surface energy on the yield strength of nanoporous materials is investigated in this letter. The conventional micromechanics method is extended to consider the surface effect and an analytical expression of the yield surface of nanoporous materials in a complex stress state is derived. It is seen that surface energy has obvious effect on the overall yield strength of nanoporous materials, and the smaller the nanosized void, the more significant the effect of surface energy. The yield strength of nanoporous materials is size dependent.


Bell Labs' software development paradigm is based on the practice of total quality control. This is a framework in which quality of the development (and other) processes is used as the driver for product quality, efficiency, cost, commitment, and employee and customer satisfaction. The authors discuss some tools and enhanced languages that have been found to be valuable. The quality metrics used and the results obtained with this approach are also considered.<<ETX>>


This paper established a three-dimensional(3D) finite element model by using ANSYS to analyze the moment-resisting performance of dowel-type timber connections with slotted-in steel plates.The research includes experimental program,numerical investigation,design parameter study.The conclusions show that the predicted results obtained from the finite element models agree well with the experimental results.A configuration of the steel plate with 6mm,two steel plates,and 3-row dowel was proposed.Both the simulation method and the conclusions could provide references to the study and application of the timber structure.


Abstract : The purpose of this research was to determine the capabilities of two different microwave scanning technologies. This research focuses on each system's ability to detect the presence of defects within materials consisting of Lexan or Nylon. The defects for this evaluation consist of four inline holes of known diameter and varying depth across a dielectric plate. Special consideration was given to the each systems ability to dimension the plate defects accurately with repeatability. It was found that the XY Table Scanner and Handheld Scanner are both capable of detecting the induced defects in the Lexan and Nylon plate. It was concluded that the XY Table Scanner is a better system for increased accuracy in dimensioning with a percent error range of 44.452% to 94.899% compared to a range of 191.713% to 338.693% for the Handheld Scanner. The XY Table was also shown to produces higher quality images and was easier to use than the Handheld Scanner. However, it was also found that neither scanning technology was capable of determining the depth of surface or sub-surface defects.


All judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and in such other inferior courts as are established by law. Accordingly, a single judicial hierarchy decides administrative as well as civil and criminal actions. Since Japan is a unitary (non-federal) state, all courts are national courts. Thus the organization and power of the courts are determined by the Japanese Constitution and the national Court Law. The hierarchy of the courts is as follows: the summary courts are at the bottom, the district courts and the family courts at the second level, the high courts at the third level and the Supreme Court at the top. There is no limitation to the right of appeal from sllmmary courts to district courts, or from district courts, as the courts of first instance, to a high court. A re-appeal may be made to a high court against appellate judgments of the district court, and to the Supreme Court against judgments of either first or second instance rendered by a high court. The grounds for re-appeal in civil cases are restricted to violation or misconstruction of the law or the Constitution.


A Research Project Submitted In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Award of the Degree of Master of Arts in International Conflict Management, Institute Of Diplomacy and International Studies, University of Nairobi


By use of cluster sampling method a total of 530 teachers from ten Vocational Institutions in Guangdong,Guangxi,and other eight provinces.The result shows that these teachers are under too much strain;bear with poor occupational stress and mental health problems.There is distinctive positive correlation between working condition,occupational stress and mental health.Teacher's working condition and occupational stress can influence mental health obviously,when occupational stress influences mental health,working condition will adjust this process somewhat.On this basis,this paper proposed the establishment of vocational teachers for the social support system and EAP system of mental health


Interplanetary spacecraft tend to be large, heavy and expensive, due mainly to the substantial velocity increments necessary to achieve their objectives. This results in the need to carry considerable quantities of propellant. Thus it is not possible to avoid using a large launch vehicle, further adding to the overall mission budget. In aiming to reduce the mass and volume of the spacecraft, it is widely accepted that the propellant load can be reduced by an order of magnitude or more by employing electric propulsion (EP). With advances in other technologies also becoming available, particularly in the areas of solar cells, batteries, communications and attitude control systems, further reductions in spacecraft mass are possible. Ultimately, if the spacecraft can be made sufficiently small, the low costs associated with an auxiliary passenger launch may be realised for an interplanetary mission. This is the theme developed in this paper, which has established the feasibility of performing a scientifically effective rendezvous mission with an asteroid, using EP to achieve the necessary velocity increment, but within the constraints of a 120 kg spacecraft placed into geostationary transfer orbit as an Ariane-5 auxiliary payload.


This report describes a patient with well-documented chronic pancreatitis whose preoperative Se75 selenomethionine pancreatic scintigram failed to demonstrate the pancreas. Six months after sphincterotomy and sphincteroplasty, pancreatic function testing and the pancreatic scintigram became normal.The value of pancreatic imaging in providing an objective means of assessing the physiologic efficacy of operation for chronic pancreatitis is discussed.


Coastal hazards are an urgent issue of global concern considering the increasing population pressure in coastal regions, retreating coastlines, and rising seawater levels. Here we demonstrate the process of assessing the vulnerability of a coastal urban environment using the case of Kuala Terengganu, a coastal town in Malaysia, and evaluating the potential social, environmental, and economic impacts. Uncertainties in the human dimensions of global change deeply affect the assessment and responses to environmental, climatic, and non-climate impacts on coastal city population growth and communities. We address these uncertainties by combining a Delphi-Analytical Hierarchy Process (Delphi-AHP) model and Geographic Information System (GIS)tools to determine mitigation and adaptation probabilities as part of a Coastal City Vulnerability Assessment. We conclude by presenting calculations of the short- and long-term suitability for land use and recommending hazard mitigation measures to equip city planners and decision-makers in evaluating hazards and potential impacts on coastal city areas.


Abstract The equilibrium partial pressures of vapour species generated in halide activated pack powder mixtures at high temperatures were calculated for a series of compositions using thermochemical analysis tools. The results obtained were applied to identify suitable activators and pack compositions for codepositing Al and Si to form diffusion coatings on nickel base superalloys by the pack cementation process. The calculation results suggested that compositions of the packpowder mixtures activated by CrCl3.6H2O may be adjusted to create deposition conditions favourable for codepositing Al and Si, but, those activated byAlF3or AlCl3 may only deposit Al.A series of coating deposition experiments were also carried out at 1000 ° C and 1100 ° C and the results obtained confirmed that, with adequate control of pack compositions and deposition conditions, codeposition of Al and Si can be achieved with CrCl3.6H2O activated pack powder mixtures. A mixture of elemental Al and Si powders may be used as a depositing source instead of using Al-Si master alloy powders as conventionally recommended. The coatings could be formed either through the inward diffusions of Al and Si or through the outward diffusion of Ni together with other substrate elements such as Cr and Co, depending on the deposition temperature used. Prolonged deposition at 1100 ° C ledtothe formationofa coatingwith amultilayeredstructure consistingofanouter nickelsilicide layerand a middle Simodified NiAl layer followed by a diffusion zone. The pack compositions and deposition conditions may be adjusted to control the microstructure of the coatings formed by the codeposition process.


Eddy current (EC) stimulated thermography has been proven to be an emerging integrative nondestructive approach for detecting and characterizing surface and subsurface cracks. In this paper, numerical simulation study has been conducted to understand EC stimulated thermography for defect inspection on metallic sample. It has been investigated that transient EC distribution and heating propagation for cracks with different lengths and depths. The simulations are carried out by using AC/DC module of COMSOL mul-tiphysics software. Image processing technique is proposed to analyze the thermal images obtained during the heating and cooling period of the inspection process. The proposed approach is proved to be capable of tracking the heat diffusion by processing the images sequentially. Understanding of transient EC distribution and heating propagation is the fundamental of quantitative nondestructive evaluation of crack inspection with EC stimulated thermography.


ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article history: Received: 27 September, 2020 Accepted: 18 November, 2020 Online: 24 November, 2020 Reconfigurable systems are considered as promising technology that enables the design of more flexible and dynamic applications. However, actually existent design flows are either low-level (so complex) or they lack support for automatic synthesis. In this paper, we present an ontology-based modeling approach for reconfigurable systems. Our approach is based on model-driven engineering process and addresses dynamic features on application-level enabling early exploration of the execution behavior of the system. The model is characterized by a logical and syntactical description conform with application domain knowledge and respect a number of metamodel constraints. These elements are semantically presented by an ontology language. We successfully implemented a system model with several tasks and resources and made scheduling test for the application graph.


A three-step laboratory sequence for the undergraduate organic laboratory is described. This series of experiments requires a student to use the product from one reaction as the starting material for a subsequent reaction, and thus the affords the student a "real world" experience of multistep synthesis. Thermal extrusion of sulfur dioxide from sulfolene is used to generate 1,3-butadiene in situ for a Diels-Alder cyclization with maleic anhydride. The anhydride is then reduced to the diol with lithium aluminum hydride. Oxidation of the diol to the chiral lactone is catalyzed by horse-liver alcohol dehydrogenase. This enzymatic oxidation illustrates in situ cofactor regeneration and allows students to measure simple enzyme kinetics.


We study totally asymmetric simple exclusion process (TASEP) where particles move on a single-chain lattice which diverges into two parallel lattice branches. At the branching point, the particles move to one of the two branches with equal rate r/2. The phase diagram and density profiles are investigated by using mean-field approximation and Monte Carlo simulations. It is found that the phase diagram can be classified into three regions at any value of r. However, a threshold is identified. In cases of r > rc and r < rc, the phase diagram exhibits qualitatively different phases. The analytical results are in good agreement with the results of Monte Carlo simulations.


A SERIES of startling archaeological discoveries in old Izumo province during the 1980s has changed our vision of how that region developed from Yayoi through early imperial times. Of particular interest is the way in which this new evidence is expanding our understanding of political organization and rulership in early Japan. Japan's early history as it is known in the West is largely Yamato-centered. That is hardly surprising, for the Yamato area saw the emergence of an early political hegemony that subsequently became the center of Japan's first unified state. In recent years, however, widespread construction work and popular support for archaeology have brought the buried past to light in many other regions of the country. The new data fills critical gaps in the written record even as it challenges parts of that record. Although historians in Japan as elsewhere have traditionally preferred written sources as the basis for their research, they have recently taken a great interest in the work of archaeologists and ethnologists, seeking a broader array of data and methods by which to trace the evolution of society, polity, and culture. A fuller understanding of historical processes and a firmer sense of chronology have resulted. In the twenty years since Professor John Hall provided English-language readers with a first look at this kind of work for the old Inland Sea region of Kibi in his Government and Local Power in Japan, 500 to 1700, a great deal has been learned about other regions as well. My attention was drawn to this progress when I took part in the Early History Seminar (Nihon Kodaishi Sama Semina) in Matsue City during July 1987. The seminar is a yearly event that brings together early historians, archaeologists, and ethnologists. In 1987 discussion focused on recent discoveries in former Izumo province, part of present-day Shimane prefecture.


We establish a parameter-dependent pseudo-differential calculus on an infinite cylinder, regarded as a manifold with conical exits to infinity. The parameters are involved in edge-degenerate form, and we formulate the operators in terms of operator-valued amplitude functions. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000). Primary 35S35; Secondary 35J70.


Iterative analysis of the second-order ABX spin system in the 1H n.m.r. of the title compound gave coupling constants which are consistent with a conformation involving a H-C-C-H dihedral angle of about 90o. The structure was confirmed by X-ray analysis. The 1H n.m.r. of the related compounds 2,2-dimethyl-5-pheny1-6,6,6-tri(phenylthio)hexan-3-one and 1,3-diphenyl-4,4,4-tri(pheny1-thio)butan-1-one were also analysed and found to have similar conformational characteristics.


Headache is often inadequately treated and the impact of headache on patients' lives under-recognized. As a consequence, there is significant scope for improving the care of these patients, as patient satisfaction levels are low. There is an important role for specialist nurses in the management of headache. Guidelines from the British Association for the Study of Headache provide a framework for diagnosing and managing the common causes of headaches.


The statistics of the intensity fluctuations of light that has propagated through atmospheric turbulence are described as the product of an optical field that obeys Rice-Nakagami statistics and a lognormal modulation factor. The probability density function that results contains two parameters: the coherence parameter of the Rice-Nakagami field and the variance of the logarithm of the modulation factor. If it is assumed that turbulent scales less than the Fresnel zone size contribute to the loss of coherence of the wave and that turbulent scales greater than this size contribute to the random modulation, both parameters can be calculated from physical parameters such as turbulence strength, inner scale, optical wavelength, and path length. In very weak path-integrated turbulence, the probability density function described here is very nearly lognormal, in agreement with the data. A scaling constant in the parameter calculation is chosen so that the intensity variance in this limit is that predicted by the first-order Rytov theory. In very strong turbulence, this density asymptotically approaches a negative exponential, in agreement with a number of theoretical predictions.


The information viewed today as a strategic resource for the organization, has led to its management evaluates the same way you do with the other resources that exist in the organization.This assessment uses the information audit be an invaluable tool in processes related to information management.This research stems from the need posed by the School of Library, Documentation and Information An evaluation of information resources required for the fulfillment of objectives and decision making in order to determine the level of management them through the application of an Audit of Information.The development of this audit was conducted through several phases, which allowed to obtain the following results:- Identification of strategic information resources that the school needed to develop properly, from the analysis of different information structures.- The description of each of the resources to meet all its features and importance to the school.- Knowing the different information flows that occur at school.- An analysis of the current resource situation, the informational balance and overall assessment of the resources to determine the strengths and weaknesses in its management.- The presentation of opportunities for improvement that timely applied can help optimize the management of resources.- And finally submit a proposal to manage an information resource that had weakness in its management.Overall, the implementation of the audit of the School was very relevant and timely as possible identify and evaluate information resources as expected in this type of process.


The study was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the Media Instruction Program (MIP) of the Ateneo de Manila Grade School through the MIP Modules taught to selected Grade Five students enrolled for SY 2015-2016. Students were given a pre-test at the beginning of SY 2015-2016 to measure their information literacy skills. After attending MIP sessions at the Katigbak Educational Media Center (KEMC), they were given post-test to measure the difference in their pre-test and post-test scores. There was an observed increase and significant improvement in the test scores of Grade Five students after they have been exposed to Media Instruction Program.


One of the criteria for high performance cellular systems is having low outage probability. In literature outage probability has been evaluated for the whole cell. In this paper, we develop a method to study a specified sector of the cell instead of the whole cell. We evaluate analytically exact solution of outage probability of a sector of circular cell based on path loss threshold for uniformly distributed users. These outage probabilities are evaluated numerically and compared for various criteria. Finally, simulation is performed based on Long Term Evolution (LTE) parameters in order to validate the analytical solution.


For the next generation of Soft Robotics novel materials are needed that overcome the limitations of established active materials like shape memory alloys or dielectric elastomer actuators. These new actuator types should offer fast actuation and good electromechanical coupling. In this publication, the manufacturing process and the resulting prototype of a helical dielectric polymer actuator are presented. The actuator material consists of several layers of thermoplastic elastomer and thermoplastic polymer layers with conductive fillers that are thermally bonded and stretched afterwards, which leads to self-coiling into a helical configuration. In the targeted set-up the thermoplastic dielectric layer, that is compressed by Maxwell pressure, is significantly thinner but much easier to handle than silicone films frequently used in dielectric elastomer actuators. Several manufacturing strategies are discussed and experimentally evaluated. This includes the use of different materials, their preliminary treatment, the implementation of electrically conducting layers functioning as electrodes and the contacting of the conducting layers. By identifying feasible settings and properties for these parameters, potential defects occurring during manufacturing or high-voltage activation can be minimized. By pre-stretching and then releasing a thin strip of the laminate structure, a helix is formed. The resulting prototype actuator set-up is characterized under voltages of 3 kV and shows high-speed actuation at deformation speeds of > 5 %/s. Due to the helical configuration, the observed contraction is orders of magnitude higher than the theoretical value for the corresponding flat configuration, showing the potential of the newly developed actuator material.


A good doctor was defines in the form of the doctor with a good bedside manner.they got the most patients and did half the healing just by their behavior interactions,their touch or the way they spoke.As the total ecosystem of the medical profession changes because of the medical technology etc the "good"doctor based on an ethics of care and healing has disappeared.The quality of doctor patient interaction has gone down


We commonly represent time-varying values as polyline charts or heatmaps; however, both type of techniques are difficult to simultaneously observe short-term features of time-varying values and cluster transitions. This poster proposes storyline-based visualization technique for consecutive numerical time-varying data. Storyline is a visualization technique to show associative feature among elements over time. Our technique measures similarity of each elements and draw similar elements as proximity storyline. The technique also reflects differential values on storyline as a visual variable to emphasize the amount of line changes.


As economy goes fast,the traditional fossil energies have led to a severe environmental pollution.The solar energy as a new renewable energy becomes popular and develops very fast.It's capital is mainly from governmental support and enterprise operation,which is basically used for research and industrial development.Hence a reasonable use of the capital is a key step in keeping the sustainable development of solar industry.This paper,based on Cobb-Douglas model,studies the capital allocation in China's solar industry,which can provide a helpful reference for governments and enterprises to optimize the capital allocation.


Oximes are cholinesterase reactivators of use in poisoning with organophosphorus ester enzyme inhibitors. Pralidoxime (PRX) is the oxime used in the United States. Clinical experience with pralidoxime (and other oximes) is disappointing and the routine use has been questioned. Furthermore oximes are not equally effective against all existent enzyme inhibitors. There is a clear demand for 'broad spectrum' cholinesterase reactivators with a higher efficacy than those clinically available. To meet this need over the years new reactivators of cholinesterase of potential clinical utility have been developed.


The main objective of the project SCIA (Sviluppo di algoritmi per lo studio della Criosfera mediante Immagini PrismA) is the development and optimization of methods for generating products related to the cryosphere. The project foresees the development of a robust processing chain of PRISMA hyperspectral data for the estimation of snow and glacier parameters in Alpine areas, through a combined use of satellite images, field data and radiative transfer models (RTMs). The image spectroscopy measurements provided by PRISMA will make possible to investigate radiometrically complex surfaces and obtain geophysical parameters currently only achievable through airborne hyperspectral sensors.


ABSTRACT The efficiency of a hydraulic reaction turbine is significantly affected by the efficiency of its draft tube. The shape (profile) and velocity distribution at the inlet affect the performance of the draft tube. So far, the design of draft tubes has been improved through experimental observations resulting in 'rules of thumb' and empirical formulae. In the last two decades the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) for research and designing complex profiles has improved significantly due to its flexibility and cost-effectiveness. A CFD-based design can further be aided with robust and user-friendly optimisation. Numerical analysis of fluid through a draft tube is challenging and time consuming due to complex flow features. Hence there is a need for developing accurate and reliable CFD models together with efficient optimisation. Studies of the principles of draft tube, internal flow pattern, various turbulence models and associated divergence along with results have been presented in this paper. The objective of this paper is to present the application of CFD simulation in design and flow analysis of the draft tube and also find out the factors which influence the deviation of CFD results with experimental results. From the literature, it has been observed that there are several factors (accurate inlet conditions, turbulent models selected for simulation, modification in geometric parameters and accuracy in measurement of experimental results) that influence the draft tube design and performance. Thus, there is a scope of research for optimisation of geometrical parameters of the draft tube for its best performance at full load condition using CFD simulation. It is carried out by applying 3D velocity as an inlet boundary condition measured with particle image velocimetry/laser Doppler velocimetry.


The results of experimental studying the emission of Zn and Mn from worked portable batteries in water medium are made. As the objects of biotesting the ecological hazard were taken fishes Poecilia reticulata Peters. Aspects of solving the problem of recycling the electric current small chemical sources in Russia and abroad are considered.