After the normalization era of the pandemic (New Normal Era) in Indonesia with the new variant of the corona virus, the government issued a policy for the Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) on the islands of Java and Bali, considering the number of corona virus sufferers is increasing. Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions (PPKM) all activities are carried out online (online) to avoid community gatherings. Various policies were issued by the government to stabilize economic growth. To maintain State Finance revenue in terms of tax revenue, the government issued a new policy for SMEs and MSMEs considering that the contribution of SMEs and MSME business actors has quite potential. With this policy, what are the efforts and strategies carried out by the government and business people during the COVID-19 pandemic and the imposition of restrictions on community activities. This policy aims to maintain the business continuity of SMEs and SMEs, encourage public participation and knowledge of taxation. Qualitative data analysis techniques are carried out by collecting and analyzing data, and finally concluding the data. Based on the results of in-depth interviews with three respondents, the business strategy carried out by SME and MSME actors is in the form of product innovation, so that business opportunities can increase sales at online stores during the Covid-19 pandemic and the Enforcement of Restrictions on Community Activities. Tax incentive policies and SMEs and SMEs have taken advantage of these tax incentives and continue to improve compliance with tax obligations. SMEs players expect socialization and assistance to obtain more detailed information related to the latest tax regulations or policies.


Deficiency of the ability and authority of the on-site examination of foreign banks in China can be easily observed, although this activity is undertaken widely throughout our country. Learning from the experience of the developed countries, carry out on-site examination of foreign banks through external auditing has great significance in the present process of optimising and strengthening the monitoring mechanism over foreign banks in China.


The present study was envisaged to assess the adaptability of four improved Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L) varieties (Arerti,Monino, Shasho, Ejere and a local check (Harere) at Haro Sabu Agricultural Research Center sub sites, to see their adaptability potential under western Oromia. These varieties were sown in RCBD with three replications during 2013/14 at Hawa Galan and Tabor sub sites. Combined analyses of data from the two experimental sites(Hawa Galan and Tabor )revealed very highly significant varietal differences (P < 0.05) in grain yield, days to 50% flowering and days to 95% maturity, seed per pod and hundred seed weight and significant for plant height. However, no significant varietal differences were observed in main branch per plant and pod per plant. The location effect was highly significant (P < 0.05) for hundred seed weight and significant for plant height. There were no significant differences between the two locations with respect days to 50% flowering, days to 95% maturity, main branch per plant, pod per plant, seed per pod and yield. The replication across location effect was not significant (P < 0.05) for all characters studied. A variety x Location interaction effects was highly significant (P < 0.05) only for hundred seed weight. Regarding the mean performances of varieties over the two locations, Arerti was the highest in grain yield (20.1 Qt ht -1 ), followed by Shasho (19.8 Qt ht -1 ).On the contrary, the lowest grain yield was obtained from Monino (5.2 Qt ht -1 ). Keywords : Chickpea (Cicerarietinum L); varieties; adaptability


BACKGROUND & AIMS
The role of two forms of cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) in gastric mucosal lesions is not well understood. The regulation of both forms of COX and the effect of COX-2 on the repair process of gastric mucosal lesions in mice were investigated.

METHODS
Gastric mucosal erosions and ulcers were induced experimentally in mice. The level of COX messenger RNA (mRNA) was determined by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. COX proteins were detected by Western blot analysis, and COX activity was determined in the presence or absence of NS-398, a specific COX-2 antagonist. The effects of long-term administration of NS-398 on gastric ulcers were examined.

RESULTS
COX-2 mRNA levels were not detected in control conditions but were high during the acute stages of gastric erosions and ulcers. COX-2 protein was detected 5 days after ulcer induction but not in control mice. Gastric ulceration was not associated with a change in COX-1 mRNA and protein levels. Administration of NS-398 to mice with ulcers at acute stages impaired the healing of ulcers.

CONCLUSIONS
High levels of COX-2 mRNA and protein during the acute stages of gastric mucosal lesions may be involved in the repair process of these lesions in mice.


The present invention relates to a thermoelectric module (1) comprising the inner circumferential surface (2), the shaft (3) and an outer peripheral surface (4). It comprises a thermoelectric material (6) in the direction of a plurality of semiconductor elements (5) along the shaft (3) is provided on the inner circumferential surface (2) and the outer circumferential direction (4) surface and alternating electrically interconnected. Said semiconductor element (5) having at least a portion of at least one inner frame portion (7) or the outer frame portion (8), and at least some of the inner frame portion (7) formed in the inner circumferential surface of the interruption (2) or at least a these outer frame portion (8) formed in an outer circumferential surface of the interruption (4).


Under the development of artificial intelligence technology, the technical level of machine learning and machine vision has been significantly improved. For testing, machine vision can input the characteristics of the inspected object into the computer, while machine learning ability enables the computer to better analyze the characteristics of the inspected object and make the testing conclusion. Compared with traditional testing methods, this process has the characteristics of high accuracy and high speed, and its excellent performance can be used in all aspects of material testing.


We report a rare case of a 78-year-old woman with metastasis from renal cell carcinoma to the right cheek. The patient had undergone left nephrectomy due to renal cell carcinoma. Four years later, the right cheek appeared swollen. A solitary tumor was resected and diagnosed as metastatic renal cell carcinoma to the cheek on histopathological examinations. We describe the clinical course of this case with a review of the literature.


The present invention particularly relates to a passenger vehicle tire, wherein the crown reinforcement consists of three separate elements, composed of the three separate components as follows: a radial carcass reinforcement (2), the radial carcass reinforcement member (2) connected by the two beads of the tire (3) together form a reinforcing member; crown belt (4), said crown belt layer (4) mainly parallel to the tire circumferential direction, constituting the reinforcing member; and the crown triangulation layer (5), the crown triangulation layer (5) mainly composed of the tire circumference is formed between 10 degrees and 80 degrees in the direction of an angle of the reinforcing elements (55), and the triangulation layer (5) of the reinforcing member (55) having a flattened cross-section.


Background: Dry eye syndrome arises due to chronic lack of sufficient lubrication and moisture on the surface of the eye. Symptoms of dry eye syndrome includes burning sensation, itchy eyes, blurred vision, and fatigued eyes, redness of eyes, gritty and dry eye sensation / foreign body sensation. Studies reveal that post-menopausal women are at greater risk of developing dry eyes than men of same age. Aims and objectives were to determine the prevalence of dry eye syndrome among post-menopausal women at tertiary care center, Hyderabad and to assess the socio-demographic factors related to dry eye syndrome among study population.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out from March to June 2017 among post-menopausal women attending Gandhi Hospital, in Hyderabad, Telangana. A convenient sample of 200 post-menopausal women was taken. Schirmer's test was used to determine presence of dry eyes.Results: The mean age of study population was found to be 51.66±5.8 years. The mean age of onset of menopause in study subjects was 45.63±1.8 years. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome was found to be 39.5%. Mild dryness of eyes was most common among study subjects (20.5%). Prevalence of dry eyes increased with age and had significant association.Conclusions:Dry eye syndrome is not a life threatening disease, but causes ocular discomfort and compromises quality of life. If neglected, can even lead to blindness and debility due to complications arising due to dry eye.


Atmospheric aerosol particles (small nm to μm sized particles floating in air) are an important part of the atmosphere and the climate system. Aerosols directly scatter sunlight and influence cloud formation, thereby causing a net cooling effect on the climate which counteracts global warming caused by greenhouse gases. Aerosols, particularly those from anthropogenic pollution, also deteriorate human health. Aerosols originate either from direct particle emissions or are formed in the atmosphere from gas-phase vapours through nucleation. Aerosols have both anthropogenic and natural sources. In the atmosphere, particle formation occurs frequently in continental areas all around the globe, and it is an important source of aerosol particles and cloud condensation nuclei. Sulphuric acid is one of the main compounds in atmospheric particle formation, and it participates both in nucleation and particle growth. This thesis studied the process of atmospheric particle formation and specifically its connection to gaseous sulphuric acid, based on analysis of field measurement data and modelling. New particle formation rates were observed to correlate with sulphuric acid concentration to the power between 1–2. This correlation was notably different than expected on the basis of nucleation theories. Based on the observed linear and squared correlation, new semi-empirical parameterisations for atmospheric nucleation rate were proposed: the activation and kinetic nucleation mechanism. Empirical nucleation coefficients were determined from atmosperic field data measured at two field stations in Hyytiala, Finland, and Heidelberg, Germany. The correlation of new particle formation with sulphuric acid and the factors affecting the correlation were further investigated by performing simulations with an aerosol dynamical model. Atmospheric relative humidity was observed to correlate negatively with sulphuric acid concentration and particle formation rate. It was proposed that cloudiness at high relative humidities could decrease the amount of UV-radiation reaching the ground, thereby decreasing the formation of sulphuric acid through a photochemical reaction pathway. This thesis also investigated the ability of aerosol particles in boreal forest to act as cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). New particle formation events were observed to produce significant amounts of potential CCN. The results of this thesis provided new insights on atmospheric particle formation and its connection to sulphuric acid. The developed nucleation rate parameterisations are useful for modelling of aerosol formation in regional and global climate models. The CCN parameters determined for boreal forest environment can be applied in climate modelling to predict boreal forest aerosols' effects on climate.


RNA interference (RNAi) involves the specific repression of the translation of a gene through mRNA degradation. Its application has been extended to a variety of studies both in vitro and in vivo. The Ber-Ab/ translocation is the cytogenetic marker for chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and has been studied extensively. The K-562 cell line possesses the Ber-Ab/ fusion gene and has been established as a model for RNAi. lmatinib mesylate (Gleevec) is a proven specific inhibitor of the Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase. The aim of this study was to combine K-562 cells primed with short inte,rfering RNA (siRNA) targeting the Ber Abl fusion site with treatment with Gleevec. Two different preparations of siRNA: homogenous-synthetic Ber-Ab/ and heterogeneous-transcribed-digested Ber-Ab/ were used to silence the Ber-Ab/ fusion gene. The synthetic siRNA consisted of a homogenous mixture of 21nt long double stranded RNA duplexes specific for the Ber-Ab/ fusion site. The transcribed-digested Ber-Ab/ siRNA were generated using an in vitro transcription method producing a 450 bp cloned fragment with the Ber-Ab/ fusion site in the center of the cloned region. This cloned fragment was further digested with RNAse ' Ill to produce a heterogeneous mixture of Ber Abl 19-21 nt siRNA duplexes. We demonstrated a 70% down-regulation of the Ber-Ab/ mRNA through real time PCR and RT-PCR as well as a 75% down regulation of the Bcr-Abl and Bcl-xL proteins in K-562 cells transfected with synthetic Ber-Ab/ siRNA. The ICso of Gleevec alone in the K-562 subline F 1 was lowered from 0.2μM to 0.06μM in cells transfected with both preparations of Ber Abl siRNA, while no effect was observed in an irrelevant siRNA control. This


One of the consequences of the current drought will be reduced herbicide degradation. In some situations, this prolonged persistence will lead to damage to the rotational crop next spring. The risk of carryover injury will vary widely from field to field depending on several factors (Table 1); thus, it is important to evaluate each field individually.


Friction and load disturbance are important factors in high resolution control for 3-axis turntable servo system. LuGre dynamic friction model is adopted to describe the mathematic model of the pitch axis servo system with friction. Due to the dynamic LuGre model is built on three unknown parameters. Besides, system torque and inertia are also uncertain due to the motor torque ripple or disturbance. A dual sliding mode observer is adopted to estimate these parameters, and Lyapunov function is used to design the update laws. Based on these estimated parameters, adaptive control law is designed to compensate the unknown friction and load disturbance. Simulation suggest that the proposed method is global asymptotically convergent, which guarantee the position and speed signals track the desired trajectories asymptotically.


Land-based controlled-source frequency domain electromagnetic methods (FEM) using horizontal electrical dipole (HED) source create a lot of interpretational problems associated with the finite transmitter-receiver distance and with conductivity inhomogeneities in the vicinity of the transmitter. For elongated conductivity structure the developed 2.5D finite difference forward modelling code makes it possible to investigate non-planewave-, source overprint- and shadow effects. These source effects are investigated both in broadside (TE mode) and in collinear configuration (TM mode). Because the investigations covered the transition zone to present these effects impedance amplitude and impedance phase sections were applied. For the investigated models the shadow effect develops similarly in the two modes and greater source overprint and non-planewave effect were observed in TM mode than in TE mode. These source effects manifest themselves characteristically in case of simple 2D structures and numerical modelling may help the interpretation of the multi-receiver FEM measurements using HED sources in the two modes.


Reinforced concrete (RC) frames, exhibiting non-ductile behavior, have been widely used in low-to-moderate seismic zones in the US. Several retrofits schemes and techniques have been developed to address deficiencies in these structures. However, the efficiency of these retrofits depends on several factors. As part of a large scale project that aims to validate classes of retrofits for these buildings, this paper presents the risk assessment of three sample buildings. The buildings represent (1) an as-built, pre-1970s RC frame, (2) said frame with retrofitted columns to address deficient lap splices, and (3) the frame with a retrofitted beam-column joint region to prevent slip of inadequately anchored beam reinforcement. Fragility curves are developed using nonlinear time history analysis and are used to evaluate and compare the vulnerability of the frames. Results show that retrofitting the columns improves the seismic performance, while retrofitting the joints without addressing column deficiencies decreases performance. (CSUS) prior to the 1970's. The ACI 318-63 Building Code (ACI 1963) and the CRSI Design Handbook, Volume II, 1963 ACI Code (Reese 1965) were used throughout the design process. In this study, all modeling parameters are selected to match the test frame design. Frame elevation is shown in Figure 2. Geometry and reinforcement layouts of beams and columns are shown in Figure 3. Figure 2. Test frame – elevation view. In accordance to typical practice at the time (Bracci et al. 1992), no consideration was given to lateral loads during the design. While structures designed for gravity loads still possess inherent lateral strength that may be capable of resisting moderate earthquakes (Hoffmann et al. 1992, Kunnath et al. 1995), potential deficiencies in detailing of members may result in poor performance during seismic activity (ACI 2002, Beres et al. 1992, Bracci et al. 1995). For example, Beres et al. (1992) identified the following details as potentially critical to safety during an earthquake: (1) longitudinal reinforcement ratio in columns not exceeding 2%, (2) lap splices of column reinforcement at the maximum moment region, (3) wide spacing of column ties that provides little concrete confinement, (4) little to no transverse reinforcement within the joint region, (5) bottom beam reinforcement with a short embedment length into the column, (6) construction joints near the beam-column joints, and (7) columns having bending moment capacities close to those of the beams. All deficiencies except (1) and (6) were considered in this study. For this study, nonlinear finite element analysis was performed in OpenSees (McKenna et al. 2010). Finite element modeling allows for explicit consideration of column and beam moment capacities. To capture the effects of other deficiencies, component and material models validated by previous researchers were incorporated into the structural frame. A general overview of these models is shown next. For detailed descriptions, the reader is referred to the corresponding studies. Lap splices in regions of maximum moment (e.g. just above the foundation – Fig. 3) have been shown to contribute to strength and stiffness degradation in columns (Aboutaha et al. 1996, Melek & Wallace 2004). Barkhoradary & Tariverdilo (2011) developed an analytical model to capture this degrading behavior. The model was validated with experimental tests from Melek & Wallace (2004) and Aboutaha et al. (1996). These tests had column geometry and reinforcement layouts comparable to those of the test frame columns (e.g. 24" lap splice length, #8 rebars). Therefore, the model of Barkhoradary & Tariverdilo is used in this study. The spliced reinforcement backbone relationship is shown in Figure 4. Corresponding parameters are shown in Table 1. Figure 3. Beam and column geometry and reinforcement details (not to scale). To assess the performance of the beam-column joint region, joint shear behavior and poor anchorage of beam reinforcement are considered. The model proposed by Celik & Ellingwood (2008) is used to establish a joint moment-rotation (M-θ) relationship. The M-θ backbone is derived from the shear stressstrain relationship of the joint using the joint geometry and equilibrium as described in Equation 1:


Summary The Structured Pediatric Psychosocial Interview (SPPI) has been developed to gain information about children's social background and the process by which they relate affective distress. To detect patterns of covariation in such data, a variety of factor analytic approaches have been applied to independent samples of 500, 400, 519, and 1,000 pediatric patients and public school children. No single method of analysis adequately accommodated the complexity of interview responses. Combined use of image factoring and square root methods, however, produced acceptable solutions.


Abstract This paper has both a descriptive and a theoretical aim. The descriptive one is to demonstrate that the phenomenon of clustering is not limited to verbs, but that it also affects adpositions. The theoretical one is to develop a formal analysis that captures the common properties of verb clustering and adposition clustering. For that purpose we employ the framework of Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar. Both the descriptive and the theoretical part are backed up with quantitative data about the use of adposition clusters in a sample consisting of one million words of spoken Dutch and one million words of written Dutch.


We review our recent experiments on the fabrication of nano-electronic devices in single-layer graphene. A graphene nanoribbon device was fabricated by conducting local anodic oxidation lithography using tapping-mode atomic force microcsope. The conductance of the graphene nanoribbon at the charge neutrality point was suppressed at low temperature, which suggests the opening of an energy gap due to the lateral confinement of charge carriers. A single quantum dot was fabricated by using the conventional electron beam lithography combined with plasma etching of the graphene layer. The quantum dot works as a single-electron transistor, which shows Coulomb blockade characteristics. These results suggest possibilities of the future application of the nano-electronic devices based on graphene.


This study investigates the diffusion of two early Information technologies across 1348 institutions of higher education: (1) the adoption of Because It's Time Network (BITNET), a precursor to the Internet as we know it today and (2) the adoption of the Domain Name System (DNS) with its registration of domain names, an essential feature of the modern Internet. We find that the time paths of adoption for both generally exhibit the typical S shape found for other innovations. We identify factors likely responsible for the patterns observed and in the process extend the scope of the diffusion literature by incorporating insights from the optimization behaviour of nonprofits. Using a proportional hazards framework, we find that faster adoption occurred among institutions focused on research and doctoral education as well as among select liberal arts colleges relative to nonselect colleges. Faster adoption also occurred for larger institutions, suggesting that they benefited from economies of scale. Adoption was slower for institutions having a larger percent of female faculty members. Also, there is some evidence to suggest that public institutions were faster to innovate than private institutions, while institutions in the South tended to innovate more slowly than institutions located in other regions of the country.


Normal enteral feeding cannot be maintained after trauma. Post-aggression metabolism or socalled "flow phase" usually results from hormonal changes, including rise in catecholamine and cortisole, drop in testosterone as well as T3 and T4, and relative hGH deficit. Glucose intolerance, increased demand for energy, and catabolism are the consequences along with reduced protein uptake and increased protein breakdown with all associated complications. Indirect calorimetry is an important method to determine energy requirements and, above all, is used to monitor nutrition and other therapeutic interventions. Substrate requirement and distribution of substrate supplies are discussed in some detail. All-in-one solutions and tube feeding have quite often proved helpful in providing patients with sufficient and properly adapted nutrition. On top of adequate nutrition, catabolism is therapeutically controlled by medication, using beta-blockers and hGH. The need for supervision of nutrition is also discussed.


Purpose: Several study trials have used stem cells to treat stress incontinence in an animal model. In this study, we compared injecting either periurethral mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or normal saline (C) to increase the leak point pressure (LPP) and closing pressure (CP) in a rat model of stress urinary incontinence. Materials and Methods: Sprague Dawley rats (250g each, 12 weeks old) were divided into the MSC group (n=5) and group C (n=5). They were anesthetized and the pudendal nerve was transected bilaterally via a ventral incision in order to denervate the external urethral sphincter. The MSCs were obtained from both femurs of Sprague Dawley rats (150g each, 6 weeks, n=10). After 1 week, the MSCs were stained by 4'-6-diamidino2-phenylindole (DAPI), which was injected into both sites of the proximal external urethra (n=1.5x10). At 3 weeks after injection, cystometry was performed and this was followed by cord transection at the T9-10 level with the rat under anesthesia. Visually identified LPP and CP measurements were evaluated with using a vertical tilt/intravesical pressure clamp. The urethral tissues of the rats were harvested for histology. Results: Both the LPP and CP measurements were significantly higher in the MSC group when compared with that of the C group (p<0.05). The mean LPP of the MSC group and group C was 42.3±2.1cmH2O and 25.8± 1.7cmH2O, respectively. The mean CP of the MSC group and group C was 31.7±2.5cmH2O and 21.3±1.1cmH2O, respectively. The existence of DAPI-stained MSCs in the injected periurethral tissue was verified by histology after the completion of the study. Conclusions: Injection of MSCs into the periurethal tissue after transection of the bilateral pudendal nerve in rats led to an increase in the LPP and CP. This finding suggests that MSCs can be used as one of the potentially effective cell therapies for stress urinary incontinence. (Korean J Urol 2008;49:432-438) 󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏󰠏


As a representative type of outlier, abnormal data in displacement measurement has often inevitably occurred in full-field optical metrology and significantly affected further evaluation, especially when calculating the strain field by differencing the displacement. In this study, an outlier removal method is proposed which can recognize and remove the abnormal data in an optically measured displacement field. An iterative critical factor least squares (CFLS) algorithm is developed which distinguishes the distance between the data points and the least squares plane to identify the outliers. A successive boundary point algorithm is proposed to divide the measurement domain to improve the applicability and effectiveness of the CFLS algorithm. The feasibility and precision of the proposed method are discussed in detail through simulations and experiments. The results show that the outliers are reliably recognized and the precision of the strain estimation is greatly improved by using these methods.


Although there is growing evidence of metformin's pleiotropic effects, including possible effects on pain, there is a lack of studies investigating the association of metformin with the prevalence of musculoskeletal pain among a large cohort with type 2 diabetes cohort.


In the view of space remote sensing,such as satellite detection,space debris detection etc.,visible band is usually used,in order to have the all-weather detection capability, long wavelength infrared (LWIR) detection is also an important supplement. However, in the tow wave band, the earth can be a very strong interference source, especially in the dim target detecting. When the target is close to the earth, especially the LEO target, the background radiation of the earth will also enter into the baffle, and became the stray light through reflection, the stray light can reduce the signal to clutter ratio (SCR) of the target and make it difficult to be detected. In the visible band, the solar albedo by the earth is the main clutter source while in the LWIR band the radiation of the earth is the main clutter source. So, in this paper, we establish the energy transformation from the earth background radiation to the detection system to assess the effects of the stray light. Firstly, we discretize the surface of the earth to different unit, and using MODTRAN to calculate the radiation of the discrete point in different light and climate conditions, then, we integral all the radiation which can reach the baffle in the same observation angles to get the energy distribution, finally, according the target energy and the non-uniformity of the detector, we can calculate the design requirement of the system stray light suppression, which provides the design basis for the optical system.


In this paper, we study one-dimensional Newtonian filtration equation including unbounded sources with multiple delays. The existence of nonnegative non-trivial time periodic solutions will be established by the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem based on some suitable Lyapunov functionals and some a priori estimates for all possible periodic solutions.


The paper introduces the common organizations strategy which PDM software-IMAN5.0 uses in product data organizing, and problems emerged in the process in Windows NT environment. Relevant solutions are also introduced.


The eradication of extreme poverty is a key component in the post-2015 Millennium Development Goals process and the African Union's Agenda 2063. This paper uses the International Futures forecasting system to explore this goal and finds that many African states are unlikely to make this target by 2030, even when modelling a package of aggressive poverty reduction interventions. In addition to country-level targets the authors also argue in favour of a goal that would see Africa as a whole reducing extreme poverty to below 15% by 2030, and below 4% by 2045.


Restriction endonucleases were used to show the excretion of an identical strain of cytomegalovirus (CMV) by two brothers over a 21/2‐yr period. The same enzymes were used to show that the younger brother, case report, excreted an adenovirus over at least a 3‐mo period. We are unable to determine the contribution of each virus to this child's clinical picture; however, this is the first report of a prolonged excretion of an adenovirus associated with CMV excretion in an immunocompetent host.


The best and most detailed knowledge of car use in Sweden and how car use is changing comes from travel surveys. There are also many studies of how the number of car journeys and kilometres driven is affected by petrol price changes and other cost increases. The most important cost items in terms of car use are petrol, purchase of the vehicle and maintenance. Car ownership is widespread and relatively sensitive to purchasing costs and income changes. On the other hand, car use is not sensitive to petrol price increases. The number of car journeys and car kilometres is not greatly affected by petrol price increases. An explanation for that is that the average household expenditure for petrol accounts for a relatively small proportion of total household expenses, in average between three and seven per cent. Another conclusion is that insufficient is known about how households adapt to increased costs (A). This document is also available at http://www.vti.se/EPiBrowser/Publikationer/R545.pdf


There is considerable evidence that stem/progenitor cells reside in the vasculature during the prenatal and postnatal stages. The stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of human adipose tissue is markedly rich in blood vessels, and it is a source of mesenchymal/stromal cells (MSCs). Therefore, we hypothesized that, in addition to MSCs, the SVF may contain other mesodermal precursors. However, the SVF has a high content of CD34+ cells with high proliferative capacity, which can prevent the growth of the most quiescent cells. By using an antifibroblast (FIB) antibody coupled to microbeads, we show that ∼90%–95% of the nonhematopoietic CD34+ cells were retained in the CD45−FIB+ fraction. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the CD45−FIB−CD34− cell fraction expressed higher mRNA levels of KDR and GATA2 than its complementary CD45−FIB−CD34+ cell fraction, which contained the SVF endothelial cells. Surprisingly, when CD45−FIB−CD34− cells were cultured in endothelial growth medium, the...


Motor activity during encoding of verbal information has been suggested to reduce age differences in episodic memory. Here we examined memory for sentences encoded with enactment (SPTs, subject-performed tasks) or without enactment (VTs, verbal tasks) in a population-based sample consisting of 10 groups ranging in age from 35 to 80 years (N = 1000). Memory performance was assessed by immediate free- and category-cued recall. Degree of clustering was measured by the adjusted ratio of clustering score. Recall of cognitive activities served as a complementary measure of memory for performed tasks. Sentence recall showed a gradual decline across age, of about the same magnitude for SPTs and VTs, in both free and cued recall. Clustering in free recall was higher for SPTs than for VTs, but there were no age differences in clustering. A pattern of gradual decline from age 35 was observed also in activity recall, regardless of whether the activities involved motor activity or not. Across the memory measures, differences in education accounted for all of the age-related variance in performance among the younger (35-55 years) but not the older groups (60-80 years), suggesting that genuine aging effects in these measures are more prominent in old age. Together, the results indicate that age differences in episodic memory, in line with most, if not all, types of encoding support, generalize across the performed/non-performed distinction.


The present article reports the preparation and characterization of polypropylene (PP) composite with pulque (Agave cantala) leaf fibres treated with sodium hydroxide or sodium chlorite. PP composite material of untreated fibres was also prepared for comparison. The composite samples prepared by hot press-moulding machine were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis and tensile mechanical tests. SEM analysis pointed out that in the case of PP composite with alkali-treated fibre (AF), the multi-cellular nature of fibre filament appeared more clearly, and the fibre surface became rough as compared to other composite systems that may be the cause of better interlocking between PP matrix and fibres. Consequently, the PP composite with AF (i.e. PP/AF 80/20) exhibited higher values of elastic modulus than other composite systems. The composite of PP with alkali-treated pulque fibres also displayed higher thermal resistance than the composite of PP with raw or bleached fibres.


SnCl4·5H2O as raw material,SnO2 ultrafine particles were prepared by spray pyrolysis method.The results showed that particle sizes and morphologies of SnO2 ultrafine particles could be effectively controlled by adjusting temperature,concentration,gas flow and organic additives.When reaction conditions are chosen at 600℃,0.6mol/L concentrate,124L/h gas flow rate and 0.004mol/L additives,spherical SnO2 ultrafine particles with a particles size about 1.4μm,a narrow particle size distribution,good crystallinity and few shells and holes are obtained.


The linguistic expression of information structure, i.e., the formal reflexes of anutterance's discourse integration, has begun to receive increasing attention in the study of first aswell as second language acquisition. The primarydimensions of information structure often addressed in the acquisition literature include "givenness" (maintained vs. new information) and "aboutness" (topic vs. comment), aswell as emphasis andhighlighting (e.g., contrastive topic, focus and their interaction with focus sensitive operators of different types) (Dimroth and Narasimhan 2012). A substantial body of research demonstrates that children acquire –with little apparent effort – the basic aspects of the ambient language by the age of five years. But in addition to acquiring the phonology, lexicon, and morphosyntax of their language, children must also learn how to tailor their use of these linguistic devices according to the informational needs of their interlocutors across communicative contexts. However we do not yet understand how children learn to mark information structure in their language. Prelinguistic children possess the rudimentary socio-cognitive capacities underpinning information structure, such as the ability to distinguish referents based on their novelty or familiarity (Friedman 1972; Slater et al. 1982) as well as sensitivity to others as beings with informational states (O'Neill 1996). In addition, children also produce, at an early age, the language-specific devices that adults use to mark information structure, such as prosody, varying referential forms (lexical vs. pronominal forms), and different word orders and construction types, among others (Hoff 2009). Nevertheless, children's ability to use these devices to mark information structure in an adult-like manner develops over a protracted trajectory (Höhle et al. 2016) which "may be caused by the fact that producing and understanding linguistic means of encoding. . . IS [information structure] in a communicatively adequate way not only requires grammatical and pragmatic knowledge but is also based on an advanced system of social-cognitive abilities" (2016: 2). Second language learners, in particular at an adult age, come equipped with mature variants of the social-cognitive abilities underlying information structure distinctions in language. As a consequence, potentially universal principles such as "learn forms for given information", or "topical information first" seem to have an important impact on utterance structure in beginning second language learners (Perdue 1993), even though the expression of information structure is rarely taught. However, language-specific associations of form and function signaling the different information structure dimensions pose a serious challenge for second language learners. The target-like interpretation of ambiguous forms (e.g. pronouns) that is guided by discourse-dependent preferences as well as the exact match of native speakers' choices for signaling information structure in production might turn out to be "the final hurdle" (Verheijen et al. 2013) for native-like attainment in second language acquisition. Different reasons for that difficulty were proposed in the literature. These include the subtle and non-transparent interaction of grammatical and information structure principles in connected discourse (Carroll et al. 2000), the high degree of variation andmultiplicity of factors influencing information structuremarking in the native input, and the cognitive load resulting from the need to pay attention to both grammar and context embedding (Sorace and Filiaci 2006) during online processing (Hopp 2016). Some of the core questions that are addressed in this area include the following: Do first and second language learners adapt their utterances to their hearer's informational needs from early on?When do language


A summary is given of the multi-nozzle opposed coal-water slurry pressurized gasification process and water quality features,and the water treatment mechanism is put forth of the coal gasification system.Based on the actual operation for nearly 7 years,the influencing factors are analyzed of the scaling of the water system of the coal gasifier and flocculation,and proposals are put forward for long-term stable operation of the coal gasifier.


In this session, we will summarize the results of a research project designed to learn about how students and instructors experience inquiry-based learning.  We will engage participants in dialogue about how the results of this study might influence inquiry-based classroom practices in a range of disciplinary contexts.


Since the Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreements (hereinafter "FTA") was signed in 2007, it seemed to be inevitable to introduce consent order system in Korea. A consent order is a series of executive procedure expressing a voluntary agreement between two potential parties - a defendant being investigated especially for unfair trade practices and the government regulatory body - to a law suit. That is, without admitting guilt, the defendant might agree to cease the activities alleged by the government to be illegal, in return for closing the case. At the same time, the government might efficiently accomplish regulatory purposes thereby. This article tries to give some significant advices in introducing the institution of the "Consent order" in Korea from the standpoint of the domestic legal system. For that purpose, the article explores the definition, institutional characters and functions, and other relevant information of the consent order system. Given that inquiry, it discusses some issues and alternatives that should be considered in relation to the Bill for『Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act』on August 7, 2007. Specifically, the article maintains that the institutional advantages of "Consent order" should not wrongfully be taken as to be adding another arbitrary leverage to apply rules to the existing list of measures for government's intervention. It is necessary to deliberate the possibilities of moral hazard, unpredictability of the government affairs, or the government's over-regulation problems which may follow the "Consent order" system. These problems, however, can be solved by existing rules or procedural-complements, such as making public the agreement reached between the parties or having a certain period of time seeking public comments related to the "Consent order". In sum, the "Consent order" system should be introduced in Korea as a form that fits well into the domestic legal system. For that purpose, it is highly recommendable to refer to the "Consent order" practiced in the U.S., where the system originated from. The Bill『Monopoly Regulation and Fair Trade Act』of 2007 proves to be by and large a very positive one, in which sets institutional devices to soften unexpected impacts of the new system. Nonetheless, there still remain some shortcomings, such as limitation of scope to apply "Consent order" and exclusion of a defendant's right to advance opinions.


The unsaturated RuRu double-bonded complexes [Ru2(µ-CO)(µ-C2R2)(η-C5H5)2](R = Ph 1a or CF31b) react at room temperature with [Fe2(CO)9] to produce the new mixed-metal trinuclear complexes [Ru2Fe(CO)3(µ-CO)(µ3-CO)(µ3-C2R2)(η-C5H5)2](R = Ph 2 or CF33) in good yield. Similarly, complexes 1a and 1b react with [Ru(CO)4(C2H4)] at room temperature to afford the analogous triruthenium complexes [Ru3(CO)3(µ-CO)(µ3-CO)(µ3-C2R2)(η-C5H5)2](R = Ph 4 or CF35). The new complexes exist in two geometric forms which can be regarded as 'rotamers', differing only in the metal atom to which the alkyne ligand is π bound. The structure of complex 2 has been determined by X-ray diffraction and shows a triangular metal core with a triply bridging alkyne ligand bonding parallel to the (C5H5)Ru–Ru(C5H5) edge, π bound to the Fe(CO)3 unit, giving the molecule a plane of symmetry. The major isomers of 3 and 4 and the minor isomer of 5 also have this structure. An X-ray diffraction study on the major isomer of the latter, 5b, revealed that this adopts the other geometric form which has the alkyne π bound to a Ru(C5H5) unit, with no plane of symmetry. The rotation of the alkyne relative to the {M(C5H5)}2M(CO)3 triangle is accompanied by a shift of the µ-CO ligand to bridge a {M(C5H5)}M(CO)3 edge of the M3 triangle, i.e. as in the other isomer, the edge opposite the π-bound metal is bridged. A similar structure is observed for the minor isomers of 3 and 4. Fluxional interconversion was observed for the isomers of 4 at elevated temperatures. Reaction of 1a with [Co2(CO)8] at room temperature gives the tetranuclear cluster [Ru2Co2(CO)4(µ3-CO)2(µ4-C2Ph2)(η-C5H5)2]6 as one of the products. An X-ray diffraction study showed that this 60-electron complex has a closo-Co2Ru2C2 octahedral core with each CoRu2 face capped by a µ3-CO ligand. Complex 6 can also be regarded as a 'butterfly' type structure with the Co atoms at the wing-tips and the diphenylethyne ligand bridging all four metal atoms.


Many general education educators have little pre-service preparation or in-service professional development for teaching students who are English language learners (ELL). Yet, ELLs are one of the fastest growing student populations in the United States. While teachers typically espouse the view that all students can learn, they do not often have the knowledge and skills necessary to support ELLs in their academic and language development. This lack of preparation for teaching ELLs often leads general education teachers to rely heavily on bilingual paraprofessionals and language teachers for educating ELL students. This paper describes a 5-year professional development initiative, Project Alianza, during which the researchers sought to present texts, narratives, experiences, and encounters which generated dissonance during which teacher participants named and questioned their current assumptions, biases, beliefs, and practices. A teacher inquiry project emerged from the analyzed data as a critical experience that caused teachers to make changes in their beliefs and professional practices as they developed a sense of agency for educating and advocating for ELL students.


The amount of the primordial germ cells in embryonic blood from stages 14 through stages 20 in the Sheldrake's and mule-duck's embryos were counted by PAS reaction. The results showed that the highest concentration of primordial germ cells was at stages 16 both in Sheldrake and mule-duck, and the concentration was 8.975 2% for Sheldrake and 2.187 1% for mule-duck. Meanwhile, GFP report gene transfer into Sheldrake's blood PGCs in vivo was processed. The results showed that the expressions of GFP were found in 3 embryos.


Understanding the Radicalism Movement in Indonesia: a Conflict Approach to the Rise of Terrorism. This study will describe the genealogy, reason, and patterns of salafism movement in Indonesia. The reason why this study seeks to understand the theme because the movement of salafism in Indonesia has emerged dramatically. It can be understood from the acts of terrorism that occurred. There are at least 4 acts of terrorism in 2000; 3 acts of terrorism in 2001; And 1 acts of terrorism in the 2000 Bali bombing which Is the most dramatic act of terrorism and the bombing action at J.W. Marriot hotel in 2003. These acts of terrorism are facts which suggest that the movement of salafism flourished in Indonesia. The data also encourages the study of why terrorism appears in Indonesia? What are the reasons? What is the root of the movement of salafism in Indonesia? The questions above are the research questions. And it all comes from the research paradigm chosen in this study, which is the paradigm of conflict. Assuming that acts of terrorism can be understood as a conflict process. It is not a single process that is the complete reason why terrorism arises, especially in Indonesia. The perspective of Marxism is considered quite possible to explain the factors causing terrorist acts and the growing of the network in Indonesia. Actually, by using the paradigm of conflict; Violence, and horror acts perpetrated by terrorist networks can be detected why such malicious acts occurred in Indonesia. To analyze the data, this study uses the interpretative method. And it's a concern to analyze the conflict between salafism, and others. This process allows the conclusion that the causal factor is the difference in doctrine between terrorism and the others-state, and the notion of neo-liberalism.


A method of magnetically welding an end fitting (14,16) to a metal tube (12) includes assembling a driver ring (24) over an end of the tube (12) and inserting a cylindrical land (20) of the end fitting (14,16) into a bore of the tube (12). An overlap region of the tube, the driver ring (24) and the cylindrical land (20) are encompassed by an inductor assembly of a magnetic pulse welding apparatus and the tube (12) is welded to the end fitting (14,16) using the magnetic welding apparatus.


By controlled deposition, TiOPc, a molecular semiconductor with anisotropic interactions can generate a molecular film with a characteristic pattern repeat size of 15 nm. This structure then served as a nanotemplate for a superlattice of C(60) clusters with characteristic diameters of 7 nm. As a result, C(60) deposition on the TiOPc film template forms a pattern of nanophase-separated C(60) and TiOPc domains with a characteristic domain size of 7 nm. This feature size is matched to the exciton diffusion length in photovoltaic materials composed of small organic molecules. A dislocation network in a molecular film provides a promising method for generating pattern features on the several-nanometer length scale, bridging the practical limits of "bottom up" and "top down" strategies.


The invention discloses a polishing method and device based on magnetorheological glue, and aims to overcome the defect of low reliability of a polishing process in the prior art. The polishing method includes the steps of a), fixing a to-be-polished part on an inner wall of an airtight vessel of a polishing device; b), filling the magnetorheological glue containing grinding materials into the airtight vessel of the polishing device; c), by external force, allowing the magnetorheological glue to move back and forth oppositely to the surface of a to-be-polished part, in the airtight vessel of the polishing device, and regulating polishing process parameters by controlling the status of the magnetorheological glue through a magnetic field. The polishing device based on the magnetorheological glue is further provided, and the polishing device is characterized in that a middle cylinder is fixedly and respectively mounted with an upper cylinder and a lower cylinder to form the airtight vessel, a control coil coaxially mounted with the middle cylinder is arranged on the outer side of the middle cylinder, a clamping apparatus for fixing the to-be-polished part is fixed onto an inner wall of the middle cylinder, and the airtight vessel is internally filled with the magnetorheological glue. By controlling the status of the magnetorheological glue through the magnetic field to polish, processing efficiency and accuracy can be regulated, and the polishing method and device is suitable for polishing of the parts.


The paper is dealt with multiple-delay wireless sensor networks with multiplicative noises which occurs in state equations, and packet loss occurs in many measurements. The re-organized innovation analysis approach is used to deal with such a problem. l + 1 Riccati equations and one Lyapunov equation are solved to the Kalman filter. The all equations are of same dimension with the standard equation.


GaN epilayers grown by molecular beam epitaxy were photoelectrochemically (PEC) oxidized in an aqueous KOH solution. The oxidation effect was investigated by defect-related photoconductivity and photoluminescence. The PEC treated GaN show decreased extrinsic photoresponse and concentration of deep level states in comparison with the as-grown sample. The PEC process also results in enhanced donor-bound exciton photoluminescence at 3.47 eV and restrained 3.4 eV band. No strain is detected in the PEC oxidized GaN. The 3.4 eV band is related to structural defects instead of oxygen impurities. Rather, the defects can be passivated by the PEC oxidation.


An apparatus has been developed in two stages which permits optical studies to 200 000 atmospheres pressure. The use of NaCl windows permits studies in the near ultraviolet and in the infrared as well as in the visible. The design of the pressure cells and of a press suitable to fit in a spectrometer are described with essential dimensions. A calibration tested against Bridgman's data to 87 000 atmospheres is given.


Preface Present IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering covers selected papers in the field of Material Science and Engineering presented during The Wood and Biofiber International Conference (WOBIC 2017), 21-23 November 2017, Hotel Bangi-Putrajaya, Selangor, Malaysia. All papers selected for IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering after peer review process. The IOP Proceeding will give a broad updated survey and information of the major innovation in the field of natural fibres, nano cellulose, polymer composites and nanocomposites for industrial applications and provide a reference material for future research in polymer-based composites and nanocomposites.


Objectives: This study aim to determine sequence of Mozart songs in the analyzing differences in dendritic density of cerebellum and cerebellum of new born Rattus novergicusMaterials and Methods: Experimental study randomized post test only control group design using Rattus norvegicus. Animal subjects were divided into three groups which were control group, and the treatment group that were given exposure to default sequence and reversed sequence of Mozart's music from gestation day 10. We used a comparison test in the analysis expression of BDNF.Results: In the cerebrum there was a significant difference in the Mozart group in reverse rather than with Mozart standard sequence and in standard Mozart group with no exposure group, with p=0.003 and p=0.000. In the cerebellum there was a significant difference in the group in reverse rather than with standard Mozart and in the standard Mozart group with the control group, with p=0.000 and p=0.000. However, there was no significant difference between control group and Mozart group upside down in cerebrum and cerebellum with p=0.109 and p=0.077Conclusion: The density of dendrites in the cerebrum and cerebellum of Rattus norvegicus newborn exposed to Mozart's music during pregnancy with standard Mozart sequence was higher than that in those receiving reverse order and without exposure. There were no significant differences between the density of the cerebrum and cerebellum dendrites between groups exposed to reversed sequence of Mozart composition and those without exposure.


The design of safe electric and hybrid vehicles (EVs) poses several unique engineering challenges. First, the large battery mass in an EV gives the vehicle significantly more kinetic energy to dissipate in a crash than a similar–size internal combustion powered (IC) vehicle. In addition, the rapid advances in EV technology yield a platform life for electric vehicles that is significantly shorter than for IC vehicles, thus requiring that physical testing costs be minimized. and shortened design cycles be developed. These considerations have emphasized the importance of integrating vehicle crashworthiness modelling into the 'Virtual Prototyping' design process and using physical testing for design verification rather than design development. This paper discusses crashworthiness simulation methodology improvements in automatic contact and shell element formulations and illustrates the role of these improvements in shortening model development time and improving simulation reliability. These capabilities are then used to examine several EV–specific crashworthiness characteristics of upfit vehicles, including a pickup truck and a passenger sedan. Concluding remarks address the extension of these virtual prototyping and crashworthiness simulation methods to lightweight vehicles constructed of advanced materials such as aluminium and composites.


In order to observe the germicidal efficacy of the ozone water generated by Multifunctional Ozone Water Disinfector, suspension quantitative and carrier quantitative germicidal tests were used for examination. The results showed that the ozone water containing ozone 1.94 mg/ L generated by the Disinfector killed 100% of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in suspension exposed for 5 min. The killing rates of Candida albicans and spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger exposed for 60 min were 99.26% and 99.09% respectively. The killing rate of spores of Bacillus subtilis var. niger on cloth strip exposed to ozone water of this concentration for 60 min was only 98.76%.


We thank Dr. Guo for the comment on our article.1 We did not collect specific information on statin use in the current study. We, thus, cannot examine whether statin use was associated with altered risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Published studies regarding the relationship between statin use and ICH generated inconsistent results. For example, although Ribe et al.2 reported an association between statin use and reduced ICH risk, McKinney et al.3 reported a trend between low LDL-C concentrations due to statin therapy and higher ICH risk (OR, 1.08; 95% CI, 0.88–1.32; p = 0.47). Thus, more studies are warranted to understand a relationship between lipid-lowering medication use and risk of ICH.


The 1930s Soviet press is full of inner paradoxes not only due to the rapidly changing criteria applied to the evaluation of events and personalities, but also due to the drastic change in the usual worldview. Though relying heavily on everyday details, the ideological tools are far away from reality and consider it from a superior position. The paradoxes of newspaper information are illustrated by means of visual images that are meant to support the text and solve propaganda tasks, attack political adversaries, mock at household hardships as well as unconscious citizens. Being ideologically tuned, approved by certain structures and double-checked, cartoons, drawings and posters did not repeat the text of the article but provided it with a new meaning and uncovered the implications of events. The Za Tyazheloye Mashinostroyeniye ("For Heavy Engineering Industry") newspaper that for many years was the main media organization of the Ural Heavy Engineering Plant (Uralmash Plant) was following the uniform informational policy. The Editorial Board's independence is most evident in the production coverage and the most academically attractive material is connected with the life of Uralmash and the depiction of local events and people. The cartoon here is an essential tool for castigating vice; for this reason, the antagonists produce a stronger impression than the stale and inarticulate depiction of pacesetters and heroes. The system of graphics in the newspaper, i. e. the poster with its relative language and its longing for extreme situations, the drawing aiming at nature and everyday realia, the cartoon with its pronounced punitive function, does not only turn out to be uncoordinated but internally inconsequential. The emphasized simplicity of drawings, noticeable carelessness and clumsiness seem intentional and one may even speak about a certain Soviet newspaper style characterized by a syncretism of images and the printed word. However defective, the visual language turned out to be more truthful than newspaper language, unwillingly disclosing the mechanisms of manipulation proper. The casualness, glibness, dynamicity and expressiveness as well as aggressiveness of drawings correspond to the intensive life of the Soviet state, the swift and heroic changes and bravura of the epoch; on the other hand, once can recognize in them the deadly petrifaction of plaster giants and the appalling recurring hypnotic sleep. These all make an impression of oppressive silence. Unwillingly, in their words newspaper artists reflected the contradictory character of the epoch that claimed victory over time and found itself coming to a moral dead-end of social stagnation.


The unitary Critical Pomeron connects to a unique massless left-handed SU(5) theory that, remarkably, might provide an unconventional underlying unification for the Standard Model. Multi-regge theory suggests the existence of a {\it bound-state high-energy S-Matrix} that replicates Standard Model states and interactions via massless fermion anomaly dynamics. Configurations of anomalous wee gauge boson reggeons play a vacuum-like role. All particles, including neutrinos, are bound-states with dynamical masses (there is no Higgs field) that are formed (in part) by anomaly poles. The contributing zero-momentum chirality transitions break the SU(5) symmetry to vector SU(3)xU(1) in the S-Matrix. The high-energy interactions are vector reggeon exchanges accompanied by wee boson sums (odd-signature for the strong interaction and even-signature for the electroweak interaction) that strongly enhance couplings. The very small SU(5) coupling, ~ 1/120, should be reflected in small (Majorana) neutrino masses. A color sextet quark sector, still to be discovered, produces both Dark Matter and Electroweak Symmetry Breaking. Anomaly color factors imply this sector could be produced at the LHC with large cross-sections, and would be definitively identified in double pomeron processes.


In order to apply successfully the fuzzy clustering algorithms like shadowed C-means (SCM) to image segmentation problems, the spatial information related with each pixel in the image should be carefully calculated and appended to the clustering algorithms. In this paper, the non-local spatial information calculation is introduced to SCM. Because the data in the kernel space demonstrate more linearly-separable shape and the distances calculated in it shows the property of robust to noise and outliers, the proposed clustering algorithm is conducted in the kernel space (aka feature space) mapped from the original space by some implicit mapping functions defined in the kernel functions. Simulations results on some noise images and the comparison with traditional methods demonstrate the efficiency and superiority of the proposed new approach.


Accurate information about the wind resource and the wind energy potential is required for federal and local authority policy initiatives that will expand the use of wind energy. This paper presents the experience of creating an information-analytical system (IAS), based on GIS technologies, for wind energy potential (theoretical and practically achievable) of Leningrad and Pskov regions, located in the North-West of Russia. IAS consists of GIS database coupled with models for support of decision making for regional planning. The paper presents the general methodological approaches and possible practical difficulties during the creation of such systems.


The Working Formulation of non-Hodgkin's lymphomas (NHLs) for clinical usage defines the composite lymphomas (CLs) as those with "two distinctly demarcated types of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma or the rare association of Hodgkin's disease with a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma within a single organ or tissue." This definition is based entirely on morphologic features, and is essentially identical to that proposed by Kim and colleagues in 1977, when they broadened the original concept of Custer and of Rappaport and co-workers. Immunologic heterogeneity of lymphomas was already well-established at that time; nevertheless, the definition was suggested because the morphologic subclassification of lymphomas, and not the immunophenotype, was the major determinant for the prognosis and the treatment of patients. Since then, immunologic, molecular genetic, and cytogenetic studies have added considerably to the understanding of malignant lymphomas. Partly because of this progress, the publications in the last decade have reflected varying definitions of CL, and include those in which CL is defined as two lymphomas that differ as to their presumed cell of origin. This paper reviews recent publications on the subject of CL and related disorders.


It used to be said that it takes a village to raise a child. And it was not only comforting, but the norm, for people other than parents to watch out for children, no matter who they were. Not so the case today, where we see a vile and indecent organization attempting to lure children away from parents and into a life of immorality.


Abstract Ngũgĩ's early novels evoke three kinds of home for me: the hilly landscapes of The River Between, the repressive Emergency years in my home region of central Kenya in the 1950s, and the nationalist imaginary celebrated at the end of the liberation struggle. The River Between worked for me by evoking familiar landscapes and foregrounding the issues the inhabitants had to negotiate in the early years of colonial contact. The specter of darkness descending in Weep not, Child captured the relatable trauma that still troubled the inhabitants of my village that had only recently emerged from the Emergency-era terror in the 1950s. I connect the major characters' stoical belief in the sun rising again to a traditional Gĩkũyũ worldview that I also plumb further in the discussion of A Grain of Wheat where traditional notions of trauma witnessing complicate the traitor/hero binarism that has clouded the analysis of Mugo. I probe the coercive nationalism into which Kihika sucks him and then discuss the invented traditions that attempt to naturalize the idea of Kenya before concluding with reflections on a "Prospero moment" that highlights the value of the Nairobi attempt at decolonizing the mind.


Introduction: The use of severity scores for community acquired pneumonia (CAP) is recommended by many clinical guidelines. However, debate about the preferred system is ongoing. Objective: To compare the performance of 4 systems to identify severe CAP. Material and methods: We reviewed 176 patients diagnosed with CAP, admitted in a Pneumology ward, from January 2007 to July 2009. We compared 4 systems: Pneumonia Severity Index (PSI), CURB65, modified American Thoracic Society criteria for severe pneumonia (ATSm) and SCAP score. We divided the patients in 2 groups: low/intermediate risk and high risk, the later defined as CURB65 ≥3, PSI classes IV/V, ATSm – ≥1 major criteria or ≥ 3 minor criteria and SCAP score – ≥1 major criteria or ≥ 2 minor criteria. We evaluated the performance of these systems in predicting patient adverse outcomes, defined as mortality and need for ICU admission, based on sensitivity, specificity and area under the ROC curve (AUC). Results: Sensitivity and specificity (95% confidence interval in brackets) were, respectively: CURB65 – 27.3% [9.7 - 56.6] and 91.5% [86.3 - 94.9]. PSI – 81.8% [52.3 - 94.9] and 55.8% [48.1 - 63.1]. ATSm – 54.6% [28.0 – 78.7] and 95.8% [91.5 - 97.9]. SCAP – 81.8% [52.3 - 94.9] and 70.9% [63.6 - 71.3]. AUC was: CURB65 – 0.594, PSI – 0.688, ATSm – 0.752 and SCAP – 0.764. Conclusions: PSI and SCAP were the most sensitive systems, while CURB65 and ATSm were the most specific. Although the best discriminative capacity was found in SCAP, it presented many false positives. Probably, a good approach would be to rely on clinical judgment, triage of high risk patients with PSI or SCAP and use of ATSm to determine need for ICU admission.


An experiment was conducted in drakes of Kuttanad, White Pekin and Muscovy breeds to study the macroscopic and microscopic parameters of semen quality. Manual massage method was used for the collection of semen. There was no significant difference in the semen volume between the breeds and also between the drakes within breeds. Majority of the semen samples were white and the appearance score was similar in the 3 breeds. Semen pH was slightly alkaline in all the breeds. The density of spermatozoa differed significantly between the breeds with a significantly lower value in Muscovy drakes. The percentage of live, dead, normal and abnormal sperms did not differ significantly between breeds and also between drakes of the same breed. Methylene blue reduction time (MBRT) was higher in Muscovy when compared to White Pekin and Kuttanad. But, MBRT showed no significant difference when estimated using 2 different extenders, viz. lake poultry semen extender (LPSE) and Beltsville poultry semen extender (BPSE) in White Pekin and Muscovy. The spermatozoa of the 3 breeds were able to withstand heat shock for 10 min and cold shock for up to 1 h.


Introduction. The theoretical and practical approach on the base of the discrete parameter's method to the acoustic insulation of the thin partitions by Candidate of Science, Prof. Zakharov A.V. is given in this issue. The method allowed to develop a logically conclusive and consistent physical airborne sound insulation model for one-layered massive and light partitions either. This issue concentrates on providing of the engineer calculation technique of the sound insula-tion for the thin partitions and, also, on comparison of the technique's results with the computations by the current normative documents.
Materials and methods. The application of the same "Mass Action Law's" formula both for the normal and the oblique noise wave's incidence on the sound isolating plate, regardless the sound waves angles, is mathematically and physically approved. The essence of the concentrated parameters, such as concentrated and reduced material's mass, is revealed. The equations of momentum conservation law and kinetic energy conservation are used to obtain the coefficient of the oscillation velocity transmission. The formulas for airborne sound insulation at the diapasons before and after the sound wave's coincidence frequency are written.
Results. The damping air property's influence on the thin partition's sound insulation is considered, and it's formulas are represented. The formulas for taking into account the reduction of sound insulation at the resonances in sound protective slab or in a partition are also given. The general equation for the thin partition's sound insulation by the method of localized (discrete) parameters are derived. The example of detailed calculation of the sound isolation of the thin asbestos-cement partition is demonstrated. The comparison between the medial three octave deviations of the sound isolation values and the experimental results in case of the SP (Russian normative document) method and in case of the introduced author's method for the different construction materials is represented.
Conclusions. The proposedsound insulation calculation method for the thin light partitions, which is based on the concentrated parameters model, gives very close to experiments results. So, it enables to find the insulation figures across the entire standard frequency range, according to the initial physical and technical materials' and constructions' features.


We numerically study the vortex lattice dynamics in presence of pseudorandom potential in rotating Bose-Einstein condensate. The rotating condensate displays highly ordered triangular vortex lattice. In presence of pseudorandom potential the vortex lattice gets distorted. The histogram of the distances between each pair of the vortices shows how the long-range order of the triangular vortex lattice is destroyed in presence of pseudorandom potential.


Software process improvement is a critical problem that is currently addressed both at the academic and industrial level. The field is relatively young, and there is no "ultimate approach" to the problem. The related scientific literature is rapidly growing, and is more and more difficult to make our way in the plethora of different perspectives, approaches, and case studies. This paper provides a guide to the process improvement literature: we think that both newbies and experts of this field can take advantage from it.


Globally, falls from height (FFH) are a substantial public health peril and are among the foremost causes of serious and fatal injuries sustained to a victim. Falls are the second leading cause of accidental or unintentional injury deaths worldwide. This retrospective study consisting of 182 cases was undertaken to study the sociodemographic profile and injury pattern in victims of fall from height for a period of 2 years . Males outnumbered the females (3.04:1). Most of the victims were construction workers (43.40%) by occupation . Most of incidents 117 (64.28%) took place in semi urban area and 45 (24.72%) victims occurred in the Urban locality. 49.45% of the cases (90) occurred in the summer season.37.91% of the events were seen between 12 Noon to 6 PM. In majority of cases, side of the body was the primary site of impact (25.27%) followed by head injury (21.43). 12.08% of the cases turned fatal. Implementation of adequate safety measures would effectively reduce the incidence of mortality and morbidity associated with fall from height .


The acid-catalyzed cycloaddition of N-substituted sulfamides 1a–f with cyanogen affords 2-substituted 4-amino-2,3-dihydro-3-imino-1,2,5-thiadiazole 1,1-dioxides 5a–f which, in turn, could be easily hydrolyzed to give the corresponding 3-oxo derivatives 2a–f by acid treatment. Direct spectral evidence of amino – imino tautomerism in aminothiadiazole 1,1-dioxide derivatives has been observed for the first time in compounds 5.


At present, distribution grids are required to become modern and intelligent to be able reliably and efficiently supply customers. This can be done by the application of Smart Grid technologies such as battery systems, electrical vehicles, demand response, renewable energy sources, intelligent metering and much more. The main goal of this paper is to review usage of batteries that reach the end of their first life. These batteries are then referred as second life batteries. They could provide auxiliary services for voltage and frequency regulation. As well as easier integration of RES and electrical vehicles. Battery systems made from second life batteries have a huge potential to improve the efficiency of entire energy system.


10040 Background: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumor in children. For those with relapsed or metastatic disease, the five-year survival rate is approximately 20%, and survivors often suffer from long-term disability from current therapies. The high morbidity and mortality for these patients highlight a great need for improved therapies. One such novel therapeutic approach is oncolytic herpes simplex virus (oHSV) immunovirotherapy. We previously demonstrated that M002, an engineered oHSV that contains deletions of the neurovirulence gene preventing infection of normal cells, effectively infects and kills neuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma. Currently, similar oHSVs are being evaluated in early phase clinical trials for children and adults with relapsed or refractory brain tumors. To date, there has been limited investigation of oncolytic virotherapy in osteosarcoma. Thus, we sought to examine the ability of oHSV, M002, to infect and kill osteosarcoma cells in vitro. Methods: We evaluated two long-term passaged human osteosarcoma cell lines, U2-OS and MG-63. Flow cytometry was used to assess baseline expression of oHSV viral entry-mediated receptors (CD111, CD112, syndecan, HVEM). Single and multi-step viral recovery experiments measured virus infectivity and replication. Cells were infected with increasing multiplicity of infection (MOI) of M002, and cell viability was measured 72 hours post-infection via alamarBlue assay. Results: Both MG-63 and U2-OS cells expressed HSV entry molecules (Table) including high levels of the primary HSV entry molecule CD111. Single step virus recovery experiments in MG-63 cells infected at a MOI of 10 plaque-forming units (PFU)/cell demonstrated a 3 log-fold increase in virus titer from 12 to 24 hours post-infection. For multi-step experiments, MG-63 cells were infected with a MOI of 0.1 PFU/cell; viral replication significantly increased from 1.1x103 PFU at 6 hours post-infection to 3.8x1010 PFU at 72 hours post-infection. M002 successfully decreased osteosarcoma viability with a lethal dose in 50% of cells (LD50)of 2.82 and0.67 PFU/cell for MG-63 and U2-OS cells, respectively. Notably, at a virus MOI of 5 PFU/cell, viability was decreased by 64% ± 0.1% (p<0.001 vs control) in MG-63 cells and 96% ± 0.1% (p<0.001 vs control) in U2-OS cells. Conclusions: MG-63 and U2-OS osteosarcoma cells express high levels of HSV entry receptors. Virus recovery experiments demonstrated the ability of M002 to infect cells and replicate over time. The viability of osteosarcoma cells significantly decreased following infection with M002. These data suggest M002 may be a promising novel therapeutic option for patients with osteosarcoma and warrant further investigation for translation to the clinical setting.[Table: see text]


Wildlife values appear to be very sensitive to whether species are evaluated separately or together, and value estimates often seem inconsistent with neoclassical economic theory. Wildlife value estimates must therefore be used with caution. Additional research about the nature of individual value structures for wildlife is needed.


A micro-physiological system is another term for an organ-on-a-chip. Due to the idea's widespread use in drug discovery, precision medicine, and drug screening, interest in it has increased recently. The primary message of this article is to illustrate how artificial drug proof can closely imitate the human body in every regard. Important work for a biomimetic system of physiological organs based on a microfluidic chip using cell biology, engineering, and biomaterials technology. In addition, the use and effectiveness of the gut-on-a-chip, liver-on-a-chip, lung-on-a-chip, and heart-on-a-chip are examined. We have discussed the current status of this project, OOC prospects for the future, and opportunities for microfluidic devices and organs on a chip in this section.


Abstract. Despite the wealth of existing climate forecast data, only a small part is effectively exploited for sectoral applications. A major cause of this is the lack of integrated tools that allow the translation of data into useful and skilful climate information. This barrier is addressed through the development of an R package. CSTools is an easy-to-use toolbox designed and built to assess and improve the quality of climate forecasts for seasonal to multi–annual scales. The package contains process-based state-of-the-art methods for forecast calibration, bias correction, statistical and stochastic downscaling, optimal forecast combination and multivariate verification, as well as basic and advanced tools to obtain tailored products. Due to the design of the toolbox in individual functions, the users can develop their own post-processing chain of functions as shown in the use cases presented in this manuscript: the analysis of an extreme wind speed event, the generation of seasonal forecasts of snow depth based on the SNOWPACK model and the post-processing of data to be used as input for the SCHEME hydrological model.


The mass transfer coefficients between particles and liquid were correlated for single particles and for fixed beds with specific power group including the energy dissipation rate defined for a particle. The following empirical equations were obtained over a wide range from laminar to turbulent flow, assembling the published data including those of the authors for fixed beds: for single particles where e is energy dissipation rate per unit mass of liquid flowing around a particle, Dpis particle diameter, and v is kinematic viscosity of liquid. These equations, almost identical, are also practically the same as published ones for stirred tanks, suspended bubble columns, and two-phase tube-flow. The agreement suggests that specific power group maybe useful as a general parameter in the study of mass-transfer phenomena between liquid and particles where the liquid is either quiescent or turbulent and the particles are either fixed or suspended.


Although LCZ 696 (Sacubutril/valsartan) induced angioedema is rare, itshazardousness is linked to their predominant oropharyngeal localization which can be life threatening in case of upper airway obstruction due to a tongue or laryngeal swelling, we report a new case of fatal laryngeal angioedema induced by LCZ 696.


............................................................................................................................. ii Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................... iii List of Tables .................................................................................................................... iv List of Figures .................................................................................................................... v Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Literature Review ............................................................................................................. 3 Hypothesis .......................................................................................................................... 5 Data .................................................................................................................................... 6 Subsamples ...................................................................................................................... 6 Variables .......................................................................................................................... 7 Summary Statistics .......................................................................................................... 7 Methodology ...................................................................................................................... 8 Empirical Analysis ............................................................................................................ 8 Regression Analysis ........................................................................................................ 8 Regression Results for All Funds .................................................................................... 8 Investment Grade vs High Yield Funds .......................................................................... 9 Crisis vs Noncrisis ........................................................................................................... 9 Investment Grade Crisis vs Noncrisis ........................................................................... 10 High Yield vs Noncrisis ................................................................................................ 10 Conclusion ....................................................................................................................... 10 References ........................................................................................................................ 12 Appendix .......................................................................................................................... 13 Tables ........................................................................................................................... 13 Figures .......................................................................................................................... 23


The present invention improve the exhaust performance of a toxic gas when the polluted air or the fire station by reducing the friction of the abundance slab construction when the concrete panel and the air for the ventilation system installed in the tunnel and underground passage to form a gas flow grooves on a concrete panel vehicle to provide a slab abundance and its manufacturing method and construction so as to have its purpose. Abundance slab according to the present invention for achieving the above object is a concrete panel having a predetermined width and thickness; Air flow groove is formed integrally with an upper surface of the concrete panel; Shearing grooves formed in a predetermined shape at both ends of the concrete panel; And a tension member is embedded and installed in the lower portion of the concrete panels, the configuration of any one of a reinforcing bar, steel bar, wire PS; It is installed on a bottom surface of the concrete panel, characterized by consisting of a refractory material consisting of refractory or fire-resistant paint panel. In addition, the abundance slab manufacturing method according to the present invention for achieving the above object, but placing a die of predetermined shape, and making the abundance slab has a constant thickness and width by pouring concrete in the formwork, wherein the abundance slab concrete panel having a predetermined width and thickness, and; Air flow groove is formed integrally with an upper surface of the concrete panel; Shearing grooves formed in a predetermined shape at both ends of the concrete panel; And a tension member is embedded and installed in the lower portion of the concrete panels, the configuration of any one of a reinforcing bar, steel bar, wire PS; It is installed on a bottom surface of the concrete panel, characterized by consisting of a refractory material consisting of refractory or fire-resistant paint panel. And abundance slab construction method according to the present invention for achieving the above object, but securely fixed to abundance slab to the jaw, mounted on both sides of the inside of concrete lining a tunnel forming a jaw, wherein the mount, the abundance slab predetermined width and thickness, the concrete panels and having; Air flow groove is formed integrally with an upper surface of the concrete panel; Shearing grooves formed in a predetermined shape at both ends of the concrete panel; And embedding provided at the lower part of the concrete panel, the tension member is configured of any one of a reinforcing bar, rod, wire and PS; It is installed on a bottom surface of the concrete panel, characterized by consisting of a refractory material consisting of refractory or fire-resistant paint panel.


Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases in human beings which annually leads to death of 30000 individuals in Iran. Prevention, diagnosis and treatment of cancer is one of the major scientific challenges all around the world. It seems that increased incidence of several cancers such as colon and prostate and their mortality are connected with obesity. It is suggested that obesity and metabolic syndrome are associated with endocrine related cancers and ghrelin pathway may play a role in cancer progression. Ghrelin is a potent regulator of the growth hormone (GH)/ insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) axis, which is frequently implicated in the development of several neoplasms, including colon cancer. It has been reported that changed ghrelin level as a main regulator of energy homeostasis plays an important role in carcinogenesis. Also, antiproliferative effects of ghrelin in lung and breast carcinoma cell lines have been detected in some studies . In this paper, ghrelin and its role and function in cancer is discussed.


Supplemantal figure The phosphorylation of Akt stimulated by VEGF under 40mM high glucose condition. Confluently-gro wn EPCs in 6-well mult iplates were cu ltured with Mediu m 199 containing 40 mM g lucose (40mM HG) fo r 72 hours. After the starvation with 0.5% FBS for 24 h, EPCs were cultured with VEGF (25 ng/ ml) for the indicated time. One of three experiments with similar results is shown.


Event understanding aims at understanding the content and relationship of events within texts, which covers multiple complicated information extraction tasks: event detection, event argument extraction, and event relation extraction. To facilitate related research and application, we present an event understanding toolkit OmniEvent, which features three desiderata: (1) Comprehensive. OmniEvent supports mainstream modeling paradigms of all the event understanding tasks and the processing of 15 widely-used English and Chinese datasets. (2) Fair. OmniEvent carefully handles the inconspicuous evaluation pitfalls reported in Peng et al. (2023), which ensures fair comparisons between different models. (3) Easy-to-use. OmniEvent is designed to be easily used by users with varying needs. We provide off-the-shelf models that can be directly deployed as web services. The modular framework also enables users to easily implement and evaluate new event understanding models with OmniEvent. The toolkit (https://github.com/THU-KEG/OmniEvent) is publicly released along with the demonstration website and video (https://omnievent.xlore.cn/).


HOW TO REFERENCE THIS ARTICLE: Miranda KSP, Salviano CF, Fernandes AGO, Martins G. Children with bladder and bowel dysfunction treated in a specialized nursing outpatient service. Cogitare Enferm. [Internet]. 2022 [accessed "insert day, monh and year"]; 27. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/ce.v27i0.74374. ABSTRACT Objective: to describe the clinical-epidemiological characteristics of schoolchildren with bladder and bowel dysfunction treated in a specialized Nursing outpatient service. Method: a retrospective study with a quantitative, descriptive and documentary approach, conducted from April to May 2019 with medical records of children treated in an advanced Nursing practice service specialized in Uropediatrics and located in a university hospital from Distrito Federal, Brazil. The data were analyzed both in a descriptive manner and through Pearson's chi-square test for associations. Results: All the children presented functional intestinal constipation associated with urinary symptoms, with prevalence of voiding urgency (80%) and retention maneuvers (70%). A statistically significant difference was identified between gender and voiding urgency symptoms, as well as with increased and reduced urinary frequency. The main comorbidity was Urinary Tract Infection (33%). Conclusion: this study contributed to planning and implementing more sensitive and specific interventions regarding the care process in Uropediatrics.


Hereditary cancer that has monogenic inheritance affects every tenth patient, on average, who is diagnosed with cancer, and it has been suggested, based on twin studies, that approximately 30% of all cancer patients have a genetic predisposition to developing cancer. In this article, the author posited that familial syndromes become more organ specific with increasing age at tumor presentation to the point that very late in life, only a few organs are affected by tumors. The reason for this could be that the tumor originates from a more differentiated, organ-specific progenitor/stem cell later in life, while the progenitor/stem cell might be involved in organogenesis in different organs earlier in life. Examples are given for skin cancer, colon, endometrial and breast cancer. Patients with familial cancer who present with cancer at an older age have a more organ-restricted disease. This could be because the tumor has a more differentiated progenitor/stem cell origin. Examples are given for families with breast cancer, melanoma, non-melanoma skin cancer, endometrial and colon cancer. (Less)


In Xiong Shili's philosophy real existence is reduced to the "original mind " or "entity". The original mind has two - dimensional meanings: individuality and universality. As to the two dimensions, Xiong's philosophy represents an orientation from highlighting individuality towards emphasizing u-niversality and finally getting into a universalistic position, thus dissolving individuality.


BACKGROUND: Although the medial and lateral hamstrings are clearly distinct anatomically and have different functions in the transverse plane, they are often considered as one muscle during rehabilitation. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the study was to compare the electromyographic (EMG) activity between the prone position and the supine position during maximal isometric contraction and to additionally confirm the effect of submaximal isometric contractions on EMG activity of medial and lateral hamstrings, and force. METHODS: In the prone position, EMG activities of the long head of biceps femoris (BFLH) and semitendinosus (ST) were measured during the maximal isometric contraction. In the supine position, hip extension force with EMG activity were measured during the maximal and the submaximal isometric contractions. RESULTS: EMG activity in the prone position was significantly decreased in the supine position. In the supine position, there was a significant difference between the BFLH and ST during the maximal isometric contraction, but not during the submaximal isometric contractions. CONCLUSIONS: The dependence on the hamstrings could be relatively lower during hip extensions. When the medial and lateral hamstrings are considered separately, the lateral hamstrings may show a more active response, with increased muscle length, in clinical practice.


In the crystal structure of the title compound, C10H11ClN2O2, the 1,3-diaza ring exists in the skew-boat conformation. Supramolecular aggregation is effected by the formation of an infinite two-dimensional network of O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O interactions.


In this contribution, we propose a novel approach to the segmentation of tomographic image data considering topological properties of binarized image components expressed in terms of the Minkowski Functionals in 3D. Electron tomography is a non-invasive method for three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction of cellular sub-structures from a series of projection images (i.e. from a tilt series) recorded with a transmission electron microscope. Data obtained by electron tomography provide a rich source of quantitative information concerning the structural composition and organization of cellular components. It allows to obtain 3D information on structural cellular arrangements at a significantly higher resolution than any other of the currently available imaging modalities. A major challenge, in this context, is the segmentation of the image data with respect to the identification macro-molecular structures such as the actin-cytoskeleton or cell organelles. We introduce a morphological filtering algorithm based on the Minkowski Functionals in 3D for segmentation of macromolecular structures in intact eukaryotic cells depicted by cryo-electron tomography. In mathematical topology, multi-dimensional convex objects can be characterized with respect to shape, structure, and the connectivity of their components using a set of morphological descriptors known as the Minkowski functionals. In a 3D-Euclidian space, these correspond to volume, surface area, mean integral curvature, and the Euler-Poincare characteristic. The morphological filtering procedure is applied to a 3D image data of an intact, ice-embedded Dictyostelium cell obtained by low dose transmission electron microscopy using a tilt series of -50° to +41.5° with an increment of 1.5°. Our method allows to separate cellular components with predefined textural properties, e.g. filamentary or globular structures, from the image data, which may then be studied and interpreted further.


In Al, Κ, Si doped (AKS) tungsten wires, the socalled recrystallization temperature, TSR, rises to a very high value due to the pinning effect of bubble rows against grain growth. However, TSR can also be influenced by several other factors, like: intermediate heat treatments during wire drawing, annealing the wire at different temperatures or times, or applying further strain e.g. by coiling or torsion. As a model material, AKS tungsten wire with an excess cobalt dope was investigated, in which the variations in the solute cobalt content were easily followed by measuring thermoelectric power. In this way e.g. diffusion governed processes, like segregation-desegregation, the rapid or slow out-diffusion of Co and the effect of different heat treatments on TSR can also be investigated.


We address the application of using short erasure correcting codes for cognitive radio applications. In order to optimize the efficiency of secondary user in cognitive radio we need to find the optimum functioning point on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for sensing impairments. This optimum functioning point depends on the parameters of sensing impairments, the activity of PU, and code parameters including minimum distance, length and rate. We have given preference to short codes over long codes in order to minimize the latency of whole system. We have compared the efficiency achieved using short codes with short and long LDPC codes. We have also discussed the scenario of multiple secondary users for cognitive radio application (for example using WiFi in TV white spaces), erasure correcting codes can be used for the recovery of erased data of all secondary users. We show that there is a trade-off among PU's activity, the code properties (length, rate, minimum distance, etc.) and the maximum achievable efficiency.


The eradication of cancer is one of the important research subjects for humankind toward the 21st century. In the course of our research on potent cancer chemopreventive agents from edible plants and fungi, and from crude herbal medicines, we have found that various sterols and triterpene alcohols and their oxygenated derivatives showed activity in in vivo primary screening assay of antitumor promoters by inhibiting the inflammatory ear edema induced by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in mice. In this review, we discussed the inhibitory activity of sterols and triterpenoids toward TPA-induced inflammatory ear edema, and tumor promotion during two-stage carcinogenesis with 7, 12-dimethylbenz [a] anthracene (DMBA) and TPA. This activity was also noted in several other assays on antitumor promoters such as that on the activation of Epstein-Barr virus by TPA, and TPA-stimulated Pi incorporation in HeLa cells. Sterols and triterpenoids are minor but ubiquitous components in the human diet, and are considered to be non-toxic. These compounds may possibly prove useful for producing cancer chemopreventive agents.