Heart failure with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (HFrEF) is a frequently encountered clinical scenario. Coronary angiography (CAG) is usually performed to assess obstructive epicardial coronary artery disease (CAD) and the resultant ischaemia as causes of HFrEF. Objectives To determine the frequency of obstructive CAD (OCAD) in patients with HFrEF and its independent predictors and outcomes. Methods Retrospective observational study in Tabba Heart Institute on patients who underwent CAG during the past 4 years. Patients with prior known CAD or revascularisation were excluded. OCAD was defined as per the criteria from Felker et al. Regression modelling was performed to evaluate the predictors of OCAD. Survival was compared between the groups using the log rank test. Results Out of 2235 patients who underwent CAG, 260 had HFrEF as a primary indication for CAG and, of these, 119 (45.8%) had OCAD. Major predictors of OCAD were age >50 years at presentation (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.7), presence of chest pain (OR 4.3, 95% CI 2.3 to 8.1), family history of premature CAD (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3 to 5.9) and utilisation of non-invasive (NIV) stress testing before CAG (OR 3.6, 95% CI 1.8 to 7.1). Survival was significantly lower (log rank p<0.001) in patients with OCAD with no revascularisation compared with OCAD with revascularisation or those who had non-obstructive CAD, and the latter two groups had comparable survival. Conclusions OCAD is detected in nearly half of the patients with reduced left ventricular systolic function undergoing CAG. Clinical judgement based on thorough history and use of NIV stress testing can help in appropriate patient selection for this test.


Aim: To compare outcomes following open liver resection (OLR) between patients receiving thoracic epidural (EP) versus abdominal wound catheters plus patient-controlled analgesia (AWC-PCA). Method: Patients were randomized 1:1 to either EP or AWC-PCA within an enhanced recovery protocol. Primary outcome was length of stay (LOS), other variables included functional recovery, pain scores, peak flow, vasopressor and fluid requirements, and postoperative complications. Results: Between April 2015 and November 2017, 83 patients were randomized to EP (n = 41) or AWC-PCA (n = 42). Baseline demographics were comparable. No difference was noted in LOS (EP 6 d (3–27) vs AWC-PCA 6 d (3–66), P = 0.886). Treatment failure was 20% in the EP group versus 7% in the AWC-PCA (P = 0.09). Preoperative anesthetic time was shorter in the AWC-PCA group, 49 minutes versus 62 minutes (P = 0.003). EP patients required more vasopressor support immediately postoperatively on day 0 (14% vs 54%, P = <0.001) and day 1 (5% vs 23%, P = 0.021). Pain scores were greater on day 0, afternoon of day 1 and morning of day 2 in the AWC-PCA group however were regarded as low at all time points. No other significant differences were noted in IV fluid requirements, nausea/sedation scores, days to open bowels, length of HDU, and postoperative complications. Conclusion: AWC-PCA was associated with reduced treatment failure and a reduced vasopressor requirement than EP up to 2 days postoperatively. While the use of AWC-PCA did not translate into a shorter LOS in this study, it simplified patient management after OLR. EP cannot be routinely recommended following open liver resections.


describes a toggle-type clamping unit for an injection molding machine, can be linearly moved along the machine longitudinal axis by a first drive of the crosshead. In order to be able to dimension this drive smaller, the invention proposes that one or more further operatively connected with the connection levers between the crosshead and the main levers drives are provided, with which the connecting lever relative to the cross-head and / or relative to the main levers in a substantially direction orthogonal to the machine longitudinal axis moved in order to bring the main lever in the through stretched condition, and / or that variable link lever are provided between the main levers and the crosshead in its length, wherein a further drive is provided for the connection lever respectively at least with the the length of each connecting lever is variable, to bring the main lever in the stretched state by.


Abstract: These days earthquake is a major problem for development of high rise building in seismic zone areas. Researchers have developed devices to overcome these earthquake problems. So we need to design a structure which can withstand against the seismic loads. There for it became necessity to provide passive control device "base isolation" to resists large horizontal and vertical loads which lead the structure to collapse. In present workthe effectiveness of the fixed base and Base isolation (LRB) with different type of vertical irregularities in different type of soil (Hard, Medium, Soft soil) in plan are concerned the vibration of the structure. The present work G+10 story Building of different vertical irregularities ( Regular building, vertical irregular Type-I, vertical irregular Type-II, vertical irregular Type-III ) Situated in zone IV are analyzed under the various Loading such as dead load, live load and earthquake load. Free vibration analysis, response spectrum analysis have been carried out for these model of building with a fixed base and base Isolation Devices. It is observed that story displacement in response spectrum is significantly increases at top stories with the base isolated building. And this work shows that the response of building reduced by using base isolation (LRB) devices in all different typeof vertical irregularities building, but the same isolation device is more effectively work in Vertical irregular Type-II Building Keywords: Base isolation Techniques, LRB, Base Shear and Etabs etc.


duced by this delivery system. It is clear that type-specific antibodies to the M molecule are necessary to protect the host once the streptococcus has initiated infection (7, 8). However, our studies reveal that an immune response to the non-type-specific regions will block those events necessary for streptococcal colonization of the mucosal surface in this model system. Although the conserved region used in these studies exhibits >80% sequence identity with known M molecules (24), the extent of cross-protection provided by this segment among the known M serotypes remains to be determined. Whereas the use of VV-based vaccines is not likely to be approved for the control of disease in the near future because of medical concerns regarding safety, the research reported here for the streptococcal M protein provides an example of how such vectors may be used to define the contribution of individual epitopes in the induction of a protective immune response. This approach may be applicable for protection against other pathogenic organisms for which no vaccines now exist, because of problems ascribed to either serotype diversity or antigenic variability of major virulence determinants. Note added in proof. Experiments were designed to determine if immunization with VV:M6' is also able to protect mice against colonization after challenge with heterologous streptococcal serotypes. Among 12 mice immunized with VV:M6' and challenged both intranasally and orally with M14 streptococci (strain T14/46), 17 to 25% exhibited positive throat cultures over a 6-day period while 50 to 70% of 10 animals immunized with either wild-type VV or no virus were colonized by the M14 organisms. By day 6 post-challenge, 20% of the control animals and none of the VV:M6' immunized animals had died. Although these experiments need to be repeated with this and other streptococcal serotypes, they suggest that immunization with the conserved region of the M6 molecule will significantly reduce colonization by both homologous and heterologous streptococcal serotypes.


Agronomy Journa l • Volume 109, I s sue 2 • 2017 Peanut is an important agronomic crop in the southeastern United States. It is sometimes followed by winter wheat as a cover or cash crop, and commonly rotated with cotton the following spring as a peanut–winter fallow–cotton rotation. Double cropping winter wheat as a cash crop in a peanut–winter wheat–cotton rotation is not common because wheat harvest delays cotton planting. Conservation tillage of peanut is increasingly common in the region. Th e percent of residue remaining aft er planting peanut has increased from 3.9% in 1999, to 13.7% in 2004, and 16.7% in 2013 (USDA, 2016). Cultivation for weed control decreased from 65.4% of all planted peanut land area in the United States in 1999 to 34% in 2004. Th e trend toward reduced tillage is due to the adoption of conservation tillage practices among peanut producers. Th e percentage of total planted peanut land area under no-till and mulch-till in the United States increased from 4.4 to 19.9% from 1999 to 2004, and then to 25.3% in 2013 (USDA, 2016). Availability of plant residue N to succeeding crops is dependent on synchrony of N release and N uptake by crops and therefore on residue N mineralization rates (Bruulsema and Christie, 1987). Th roughout the U.S. peanut-growing region, University Extension recommends a N credit ranging from 22 to 67 kg N ha–1 to a subsequent crop following peanut (Caddel et al., 2006; Buntin et al., 2007; Mitchell and Phillips, 2010; Jones et al., 2011; Maguire and Heckendorn, 2011; Wright et al., 2011; VDCR, 2014; Crozier et al., 2016), but the synchronicity of N from peanut residues to subsequent crops is unknown. Furthermore, N credit recommendations following peanut typically do not specify if those credits should be applied to a subsequent winter or spring crop. A laboratory incubation study showed that minimal N from post-harvest peanut residue was available for a subsequent crop on Greenville fi ne sandy loam (Rhodic Kandiudults) and Tift on loamy sand (Plinthic Kandiudults) soils (Balkcom et al., 2004). Balkcom et al. (2007) found no diff erence in growth or N content of rye (Secale cereale L.) aft er peanut with or without peanut residue on a Dothan sandy loam (fi ne-loamy, kaolinitic, thermic Plinthic Kandiudult). Th ere are many factors that impact decomposition. Litter quality and environmental factors, such as moisture, Peanut Residue Carbon and Nitrogen Mineralization under Simulated Conventional and Conservation Tillage


OBJECTIVE
To analyze the polymerase gamma(Polg) gene polymorphisms in Chinese idiopathic infertile males and evaluate the correlation of the polymorphisms with male infertility.

METHODS
We conducted a study of Polg CAG repeats in the sperm or blood DNA of 55 asthenospermia patients, 57 oligospermia patients, 34 azoospermia patients, and 104 controls with PCR and GeneScan. Phenotypic data were available in all the subjects, including semen parameters, and clinical profiles.

RESULTS
The frequency of 10/not 10 CAG genotype in asthenospermia patients was higher than in the other groups, but with no significance.

CONCLUSION
Our findings have shown for the first time that there exits an ethnic difference between Chinese and European males in the number of CAG repeats of Polg gene, and that 10/not 10 CAG genotype may affect sperm motility.


In this paper we examine the edge searching problem on pseudo 3-sided solid orthoconvex grids. We obtain a closed formula that expresses the minimum number of searchers required to search a pseudo 3-sided solid orthoconvex grid. From that formula and a rather straight forward algorithm we show that the problem is in P. We obtain a parallel version of that algorithm that places the problem in NC. For the case of sequential algorithms, we derive an optimal algorithm that solves the problem in O(m) time where m is the number of points necessary to describe the orthoconvex grid. Another important feature of our method is that it also suggests an optimal searching strategy that consists of O(n) steps, where n is the number of nodes of the grid.


The principle of atmospheric coherence length measurement via differential image motion measure of the optical wave's angle-of-arrival fluctuation is introduced. An instrument for the measurement of atmospheric coherence length both in the daytime and at night were described. The statistical characteristics of the atmospheric coherence length in the daytime and at night were analyzed from some primary observation results. It shows that the refractive index structure constant varies with the time in total layer, and the time-varying behavior is basically in accordance with that of the boundary layer, that is, the atmospheric coherence length during the period of sunrise and sundown is much larger than that in the other periods.


The invention provides a using method of chitooligosaccharides in crop culture. The chitooligosaccharides with the average molecular weight of 500-30000 are subjected to solid or liquid dilution and then applied on crops, wherein the dilution refers to blending with other fertilizers or soil or taking a water solution as a solution. According to the using method of chitooligosaccharides in crop culture, chitooligosaccharides with the average molecular weight of 500-30000 are taken as single components, and are diluted or directly or indirectly applied on crops through soil. Compared with the prior art, the using method is simple and feasible, fully exerts the function of chitooligosaccharides in activating the physiological and biochemical functions of plant growth and controlling diseases. After application, using amounts of chemical fertilizers and pesticides are reduced, and infringement on soil and crops are reduced. The chitooligosaccharides are applied on crops in a form of completely natural product, thus avoiding unpredictable harmful effects.


In this tantalizing work, Roger Connah explores the peculiar odyssey of twentieth-century architecture through the buildings and writings of Finlands iconoclastic architect, Reima Pietila. Among architects, Pietila is a cult figure, a respected but often misunderstood outsider and "arctic shaman," only recently granted the international acclaim and appreciation that are his due. Pietila's complex, geomorphic structures have been compared to the work of Gaudi and Bruce Goff and variously labeled surrealistic, romantic, or expressionistic."Writing Architecture "positions Pietila at the heart of contemporary architectural debates - the carnival of conflicting isms, modern post-modern, post-structuralist, deconstructive. From his relative isolation in Helsinki, he is thrust into the community of this century's most revolutionary artists and thinkers, including Wittgenstein, Einstein, Beckett, Borges, Magritte, and McLuhan. Through Pietila Connah reflects on architecture's progress and excess in this century, tracing a path through multiple meanings and intellectual adventures.More metaphysical inquiry than conventional monograph, this extraordinary study draws from various sources to "read" architecture as Pietila does, as a form of cultural composition in which all theory, literature, music, art, or natural phenomena are potential sources for architectural meaning. Like the existential detective in the pulp crime novels on Fantomas, the elegant French philosopher-thief, Connah offers fragmentary clues, contradictory solutions, and digressive speculations on the particular mystery, misery, and miracle that is modern architecture, but wisely leaves the final verdict up to his discerning readers.Roger Connah's extensive collaboration with Reima Pietila has provided him with a unique opportunity to trace the architect's inimitable approach to architecture and culture. Since 1986 the author has been living in India working as a freelance writer; he is visiting Professor at The National Institute of Design in Ahmedabad and The Jamia Millia Islamia University in New Delhi.


This article discusses racialized politics among women in Turin, Italy, utilizing and expanding Neil Smith's concept of the spatial politics of scale specifically in relation to an anti‐racist organization, Alma Mater, that emerged during the early 1990s. International migration is relatively recent in Italy, and popular responses over the past decade have been both supportive and hostile. Overt and implicit expressions of racism and intolerance toward migrants have become apparent throughout the country. Migrant and Italian women have retaliated by engaging in a politics of space and scale to effect local and national labor and cultural practices. Through an examination of every day cultural–ideological practices and their links to broad political and economic processes I examine the relative success of Alma Mater in its ability to challenge scales and add to an understanding of the social production and reproduction of power relations at all scales.


The upper airway of the newborn infant demonstrates much more fragility in its predisposition to develop obstruction in comparison to older children and adults. Multiple reasons account for this, including specific anatomic differences, increased flaccidity of the cartilagenous framework, incomplete neurologic development, and increased susceptibility to respiratory pathogens. When dealing with patients in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) setting, other significant factors contribute to upper airway pathologic conditions, including premature gestational age, endotracheal intubation, mechanical ventilation, and associated congenital anomalies. In the neonatal age group, congenital etiologies for airway obstruction are more common than in older children in whom acquired causes account for a higher proportion of the airway pathologic states. The management of infants with upper airway disease requires a team approach with close communication between the pediatric otolaryngologist, neonatologist, anesthesiologist, and radiologist. With a well-planned, systemic approach to the diagnosis and management of these patients, the majority of these cases should attain a successful outcome.


Dark matter halos of dwarf spheroidal galaxies (dSphs) play important roles in dark matter detection. Generally we estimate the halo profile using a kinematical equation of dSphs but the halo profile has a large uncertainty because we have only a limited number of kinematical dataset. In this paper, we utilize cosmological models of dark matter subhalos to obtain better constraints on halo profile of dSphs. The constraints are realized as two cosmological priors: satellite prior, based on a semi-analytic model of the accretion history of subhalos and their tidal stripping effect, and stellar-to-halo mass relation prior, which estimates halo mass of a galaxy from its stellar mass using empirical correlations. In addition, we adopt a radial dependent likelihood function by considering velocity dispersion profile, which allows us to mitigate the parameter degeneracy in the previous analysis using a radial independent likelihood function with averaged dispersion. Using these priors, we estimate the squared dark matter density integrated over the region-of-interest (so-called $J$-factor) of 8 classical and 27 ultra-faint dSphs. Our method significantly decreases the uncertainty of $J$-factors (upto about $20\%$) compared to the previous radial independent analysis. We confirm the model dependence of $J$-factor estimates by evaluating Bayes factors of different model setups and find that the estimates are still stable even when assuming different cosmological models.


Eutrombicula conantae , n. sp., and Toritrombicula nihoaensis , n. sp., are described from specimens taken from the Nihoa Finch, Telespyza ultima , collected on Nihoa I, and new records are given for Neoschoengastia ewingi and Guntheria domrowi from Nihoa I. Neoschoengastia gettmani , n. sp., is described from specimens collected from nest material of the Laysan Albatross, Diomedea immutabilis , on Sand I, Midway Is.


What role did race play in the rise of late twentieth-century conservatism? This has been a hotly debated topic amongst historians. Some of the earliest scholars of conservatism argued that the liberal consensus of the 1930s, 1940s, and 1950s was fractured by a backlash against perceived excesses of the civil rights and antiwar movements during the late 1960s. According to this view, the formerly solidly Democratic South abandoned its support for the party and turned to politicians who exploited their racist fears, such as George Wallace, Ronald Reagan, and Newt Gingrich. White workers, who had been the backbone of New Deal liberalism, embraced traditional moral values of patriotism and respect for authority. They abandoned their former liberal allies, who increasingly seemed to condone radical critiques of the United States.1 More recent scholarship has challenged this thesis. In his 2007 book on Mississippi and conservatism, for example, Joseph Crespino argued that modern conservatism was born in the suburban Sunbelt, not the rural Deep South. Southern conservatives developed an ideology rooted in suburban homeowners' embrace of small government and free markets, not in antediluvian views of white supremacy. This was an ideology that could resonate with non-Southerners. Both Crespino and Timothy Thurber extend that argument in, respectively, Strom Thurmond's America and Republicans and Race: The GOP's Frayed Relationship with African Americans, 1945–1974. In All in the Family: The Realignment of American Democracy Since the 1960s, Robert O. Self explores how battles over sex, gender, and the meaning of family led


Abstract Objective: This article presents an investigation of characteristics of reproductive motivation, reasons for not having children, and the propensity towards attempting a premeditated abortion in Russian women in early and middle adulthood. Method: Sixty-eight married women (34 childless women (20–25 years old) and 34 women with children (26–35 years)) were assessed on a number of measures. Results: There was no difference in reproductive motives between the two groups of women. The most significant difference is that, unlike younger women's, middle-aged women's reproductive motives correlate with life goals and locus of control. However, a large difference was found across two groups in the reasons for not having a baby. Younger women give more reasons for not having children. They specify that a child interferes with self-actualisation, limits social contacts and creates marital problems. In middle adulthood women tend to specify material (financial) difficulties as a reason for not having baby. Regarding premeditated abortion, there is no big difference between groups in attitudes towards it, but the reasons differ from a conflict between children and career in younger women to problems in the wider family system for more mature women. Conclusion: Although there is no significant difference in direct reproductive motivations between both groups, each age has its own specific instrumental reproductive and reproductive refusal motives.


Vertical aligned carbon nanotube array was fabricated by catalytic chemical vapor deposition and then transferred onto flexible polymer substrates with an effective polymer intermediate. Adhesion performance of the flexible CNTs dry adhesive was measured with a multifunctional material adhesion/friction performance test platform. A micron-drag process was implemented during the test in order to help increasing the side contact area of CNTs, which in turn results in an enhanced adhesion. The transferred CNTs on flexible PET substrates have an increasing adaptability without damaging its original structure. The normal and shear adhesion performance were both enhanced dramatically due to the pre-drag process. The fabrication and test methods provided here will plays an important role in the realization of CNTs dry adhesive for gecko-mimetic climbing robots.


FRIDAY, December 11, 1992 — While hordes of headline‐seeking journalists at Holyrood Palace competed for the latest scoop on the Edinburgh Summit, it was pleasant to travel west to the calmer setting of Quarriers Village in Renfrewshire. Success was claimed as the outcome of the Summit. Another success story is reflected in the growth and performance of the still fairly young but thriving company Teknek Electronics Ltd. Success in a period of inescapable gloom for the electronics industry is all the more newsworthy. It should also offer a glimmer of optimism to an industry where hope and enthusiasm appear dampened, if not extinguished, by successive recession‐related blows.


PKI (Public Key Infrastructure) based AKA (Authentication and Key Agreement) scheme known as Optimizing PKI for 3GPP Authentication and Key Agreement(OPAKA) has been proposed in the field of 3G wireless mobile communication system. The study of OPAKA revealed the drawback of protocol and an Enhanced version of OPAKA namely EPMOS (Enhancing PKI for Mobile Commerce Security) is proposed. The recent expansion of wireless technologies and novel applications and the advancement in mobile technology after UMTS-3G has been taken up to the next level by the 3GPP Long Tem Evolution/System Architecture Evolution (LTE/SAE). The realisation of better bandwidth, full interworking with other access/backend systems using all-IP architecture with well-defined interworking with circuit switched system becoming reality. The GSM has focussed the security for radio path whereas UMTS has enhanced it in to network functionalities. The future networks based on IP mechanism demands more security features, since the threats related to IP are also possible. The EPMOS can used to solve the vulnerabilities in LTE.


Based on Geant4 Monte Carlo simulation platform,the traditional experiment of relativity theory was simulated directly and vividly.Accurate and reliable data were obtained through the simulation,which could contribute to the students' comprehension of theoretical and experimental knowledge.On the other side,the combination of the virtual and the traditional experiments enriched the contents of the original experiment and was convenient for students to grasp modern experimental and measurement techniques.


In this paper, we introduce the notions of functional independence of elements and perceptual confidence factors of experts with reference to some specific action taken within the framework of a given knowledge domain. Consequently we propose perceptual zero as a measure of belongingness of an object to a collection in whole in case of soft decision modeling. We discuss the underlying concept of zero as a precise numerical value and the concept of perceptual zero as an approximation towards the conceptual grading between belongingness and non-belongingness in case of knowledge representation under uncertainty. Considering the notion of functional independence of elements, we define the degree of coherence of opinions of the set of n experts regarding the objects in a collection. The degree of coherence of opinions is a probabilistic measure and it is observed that it increases with the increase in the value of the cardinality of the set of functionally independent elements.


GPS accuracy is affected by multiple factors, such as satellite clock error, atmospheric delay and multipath fading. Traditionally, develop an algorithm to increase GPS accuracy requires complicated analytical modeling on each error source. Instead, this paper aims to present an approach to improve the accuracy by utilizing deep learning technique. A Long Short-Term memory (LSTM) based prediction method is presented to predict the GPS errors. A well trained model can learn and detect the underlying patterns of the GPS errors in the past time series and thus predict the future errors. Data smoothing preprocess is performed by a digital filter, which is designed and integrated into our approach, this preprocess increases the accuracy and the stability of the system by reducing the impact of unpredictable random noise. The system is set for 10 future steps prediction, with the performances been evaluated by comparing with traditional prediction models. Based on our experimental results, the overall prediction accuracy is increased by 16%, and 37.7% at the furthest prediction step.


The paper presents model-free proportional–integral–derivative (PID) type iterative learning control (ILC) approach for the nonlinear batch process. The dynamic linearisation method is considered, which uses the input-output (I/O) measurements to update the model at each iteration. Based on the newly updated model and error information of the previous iteration, optimal PID gains are updated iteratively. The quadratic performance index is employed to optimise the parameters of the PID controller, and then an optimal PID type data-driven iterative learning control (DDILC) scheme is established for nonlinear batch process. The convergence analysis of optimal PID type DDILC is also discussed which can be enhanced by the proper choice of penalty matrices. Simulation examples are also given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.


The utility model relates to an automatic wing plate or web plate positioning and clamping device in an H-shaped steel assembling or tailored welding correction device. The automatic wing plate or web plate positioning and clamping device comprises a machine seat body which is provided with a front bracket box group and a rear bracket box group; the upper part of the front bracket box group and the upper part of the rear bracket box group are respectively provided with an alignment pressure rolling mechanism; the machine seat body is provided with an alignment pressure rolling stretch driving mechanism; the alignment pressure rolling stretch driving mechanism is capable of enabling the needed alignment positioning compression to be carried out on a workpiece after the alignment pressure rolling mechanisms on the front bracket box group and the rear bracket box group are matched with each other when the corresponding alignment pressure rolling mechanisms on the front bracket box group and the rear bracket box group are driven to extend and be adjacent to each other. The automatic wing plate or web plate positioning and clamping device is simple and reasonable in structure, stable in operation and powerful in transmission feed-in force, and is capable of enabling an H-shaped steel wing plate or web plate to be accurately located and reliably clamped so as to guarantee the production processing quality of H-shaped steel; furthermore, the structure of a speed reducer is simplified, the use of a worm and gear speed reducer and precision machining parts can be greatly reduced, and the cost is more greatly lowered.


Methods hitherto proposed for vitamin D determination are not applicable to separating vitamin D from the impurities contained in fish and fish products. However, a series of experiments carried out by the authors demonstrated that a combined use of clay and gradient alumina chromatography is highly efficient for the purpose.Based on the studies on the nature of Japanese acid clay to be used for chromatography, suitable conditions and methods for activation of the clay were secured.Satisfactory results were obtained in the experiments performed by the use of sample oils prepared from various parts of fish, dried fish and fish solubles.


I Characteristics of Fish Meat and Fish Protein.- Fish Muscle Structure.- Fish Meat Compositions.- Protein Compositions of Fish Meat.- Myofibrillar Protein.- Myofibril.- Myosin.- 1. Preparation of fish myosin.- 2. Characteristics of fish myosin.- Myosin subunit.- Actin.- Tropomyosin and troponin.- Actomyosin.- Changes in Fish Protein During Storage and Processing.- Post-mortem change of fish myofibrillar protein.- 1. Solubility of myofibrillar protein.- 2. Viscosity and flow birefringence of myofibrillar protein.- Freeze denaturation.- 1. Relation between quality deterioration and protein denaturation of frozen fish.- 2. Measuring methods of freeze denaturation.- 3. Factors related to freeze denaturation.- 4. Mechanism of freeze denaturation.- 5. Control of freeze denaturation.- Denaturation by drying.- References.- II Kamaboko (Fish Cake).- Kamaboko Varieties.- Method of Processing.- General techniques of processing.- Selection of fish as material.- Treatment of raw fish material.- Washing.- Grinding.- Shaping.- Heating.- Production Process of Various Kinds of Kamaboko.- Itatsuki kamaboko.- Fried kamaboko.- Chikuwa.- Hampen.- Quality Test.- Okada gelometer.- Tension measurement.- Expressible water measurement.- Sensory evaluation and folding test.- Ingredients and Additives.- Starch.- Vegetable protein.- New Fish Material for Kamaboko.- Fish material for kamaboko in Japan.- Fish species of New Zealand, Chile, Argentina and Peru for kamaboko material.- Milkfish and tilapia.- Small pelagic fish.- 1. Sardine.- 2. Mackerel.- 3. Horse mackerel.- Mechanism of Kamaboko Gel Forming.- How kamaboko gel is formed.- Forming ability of fish meat paste.- Setting (suwari).- Modori.- Kamaboko gel.- Effect of water washing.- Determining kamaboko gel forming ability.- References.- III Frozen Minced Meat (Surimi).- What is Frozen Minced Meat (Surimi)?.- Processing Method of Frozen Surimi.- Selection of material fish.- Storing and handling of material.- Collecting meat.- Water-washing and removing excess water.- Straining and mincing.- Addition of anti-denaturants.- Molding and pan packing.- Freezing and storing.- Usage of Frozen Surimi.- Quality of Frozen Surimi.- Grade of frozen surimi.- Quality check of frozen surimi.- 1. Moisture.- 2. pH.- 3. Detecting impurities.- 4. Testing the kamaboko forming ability.- Quality of frozen surimi and protein denaturation.- Manufacturing Surimi from Small Fatty Fish like Sardine.- Characteristics of small fatty fish.- Methods for separating dark meat and ordinary meat of small pelagic fish.- Frozen Fish Block.- Processing of frozen minced fish block.- Raw material of frozen minced fish block.- Frozen minced fish block from sardine and mackerel.- References.- IV Meat Textured Fish Protein Concentrate (Marinbeef).- Method and Principle of Production.- Production process.- Principle of production.- Pilot plant.- Components and Properties of Marinbeef.- Nutritional Value and Safety.- Microscopic View of Marinbeef.- Marinbeef as Food Material.- Fish Material for Marinbeef.- Marinbeef Production Plant.- Dressing process.- Washing and dehydration process.- Kneading process.- Alcohol treatment process.- Drying.- Equipment for the recovery of ethanol.- Development of technology for safety and automation.- Yield of product and raw material.- Amount of ethanol, water and additives.- Electricity, packing material and personnel.- Conclusion.- References.- V Utilization of Krill for Human Consumption.- Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Antarctic Krill.- Proximate composition.- Lipid, vitamin, chitin and inorganic substances.- Nutritional value.- Characteristics and Components of Antarctic Krill Protein.- Protease.- Processing of Antarctic Krill.- Characteristic of krill as processing material.- Handling of krill on board.- Frozen products.- Boiled products.- Dried products.- Protein paste.- Frozen surimi.- Minced meat block.- Protein concentrate.- 1. Protein powder.- 2. Porous krill protein concentrate (P-KPC).- 3. Meat textured krill protein concentrate.- Other food products.- Questions related to krill products.- References.


This paper introduces the concept of a Telecommunications Enhanced Community (TEC). The TEC is a community which has a variable mix of real and telecommunications services for reasons of community sustainability. Some telecommunications services may be dispensed with if a population increase results from successful implementation. We examine a number of theories that can support such a concept and attempt to integrate a number to model the TEC.


Hybrid AC/DC grids have been recently proposed as an efficient solution to accommodate increasing amounts of renewable energy sources in future smart grids. Similarly to the traditional power systems, state estimation algorithms are necessary in AC/DC grids to acquire awareness about the operating conditions of the system and to enable proper operation of the control tools. This paper presents a state estimator tailored for hybrid AC/DC grids with multi-terminal dc grid configuration. The proposed estimator is based on a two-step algorithm, which uses the boundary results of the AC and the DC grid to enhance the accuracy of the estimation. Results on a simple test network are presented to show the validity of the proposed estimator and to highlight the inherent benefits.


Climate change is one of the most serious environmental threats of our day.  The Philippines being an archipelagic developing country is highly vulnerable to climate change.   Forests are given importance in the climate change issue because they both serve as carbon sinks and sources. Currently, there are existing areas in the country that serve as sinks of carbon.  However, their exact contribution to climate change mitigation has not yet been quantified.  One of these areas is the Chocolate Hills of Bohol, one of the top tourist destinations owing to its unique hill landscape. Thus, this study was undertaken to assess its potential as carbon sink.  Carbon stocks of the Chocolate Hills with 100% trees were assessed by establishing 10 nested sample plots which were randomly located within the sampling sites. Various carbon pools were measured:  trees, understorey vegetation, litter and soil. For hills with 100% grass, five sample plots each measuring 1m x 1m were laid down. Carbon pools measured for these hills  include grasses and soil. Results of the assessment showed that average carbon densities of hills with 100% trees (74.34 t/ha) are far greater than those hills that are purely covered by grass (28.81 t/ha).  The results imply that chocolate hills have big potential to serve as sinks of carbon if they are planted with trees and left undisturbed.  Assuming that the total 1,776 hills are planted with trees and protected from any disturbance, a total of 131,424 tons of carbon will be stored by the Chocolate Hills.


The present invention provides a tool for temporary support of a prefabricated panel mounting type air conditioner, the present invention through the outer screw, the outer screw is provided with an internal thread inside, the two screws, is provided with an external thread on the screw, the two screws through the outer ends respectively connected to an outer thread of the screw, the two connecting members, arranged on a precast wall, provided at the bottom of the other prefabricated air conditioning panels, two fixing nut, the fixing of each screw through a nut and a connector connection. The present invention may be made of prefabricated air conditioning plate member is fixed, and the horizontal and vertical of prefabricated air conditioning panels is adjusted by means of adjustable support length, easy to operate, easy construction, prefabricated air conditioning panels installed, the rod removable member reused, reducing construction costs.


The poor performance of British industry in international markets is partly due to a lack of sector strategic planning. Whereas the Thatcher government looks to an unfettering of the market mechanism as the key to industrial recovery, in fact this is contrary to the experience of several other capitalist countries. The role of banks and government agencies in Japan, of inter-firm co-operation in Italy, and of various corporatist instruments in France and Germany, suggest ways in which local enterprise boards could assist the re-structuring of manufacturing industry in Britain.


PURPOSE: A method for forming a storage node is provided to be capable of increasing the capacity of a capacitor and preventing the short phenomenon generated between storage nodes. CONSTITUTION: After forming an interlayer dielectric(80) at the upper portion of a substrate(70), a plurality of contact holes are formed by selectively etching the interlayer dielectric for exposing the predetermined portions of the substrate. After forming storage node plugs at the predetermined portions of the resultant structure, a silicon oxide layer is formed on the entire surface of the resultant structure. Then, a plurality of storage node holes are formed by selectively patterning the silicon oxide layer for exposing each storage node plug. The upper portion of the storage node plug is partially etched by using the resultant silicon oxide layer as an etching mask. After forming storage nodes(120a) at the resultant structure, the outer wall of each storage node is partially exposed by removing the silicon oxide layer.


Objective To study the therapeutic effect of oral activated charcoal on acute poisoning by sodium nitrite.Methods (1)In vitro:Three concentrations of sodium nitrite solutions(10 g/L,1g/L,0.1 g/L),with different pH values(pH 3.0 and pH 7.0,respectively)were used for two kinds of experiments:one group was mixed with activated charcoal,while the other one was control group.Then the concentration of sodium nitrite was measured after vibrated,incubated and centrifuged.(2)In vivo:rats were orally given lethal dose(200 mg/kg)and toxic dose(70 mg/kg)of sodium nitrite,10 min later one group of rats was intragastrically administrated activated charcoal suspension and the other group was only given saline as control,then observing the toxic manifestations and the blood metahemoglobin levels.Results (1)The sodium nitrite was significantly decreased in activated charcoal group compared with control group except that with pH3.0 and 10.0 g/L sodium nitrites.There seemed no significant difference in absorption rate among different pH sodium nitrites,and the absorption ability of activated charcoal seemed higher on low concentration of sodium nitrites.(2)In the lethal dose of sodium nitrite group,there was no difference whether in appearing time and degree of convulsion,or in death time,survival rate compared with untreated group.(3)There was no significant difference in blood metahemoglobin levels between treated group and untreated group.Conclusion In vitro experiment showed that activated charcoal can significantly adsorb sodium nitrite,but the in vivo experiment showed that activated charcoal has no definite effect on acute toxicity of sodium nitrite at all.


A pilot study has shown a significant positive correlation between anterior myocardial infarction and arterial hypertension, serum cholesterol values above 300 mg/Ioo ml, chronic lung diseases, diabetes mellitus, and the number of sibs who had suffered from myocardial infarction. The tendency for infarction to recur in the same site was significant at a 5 per cent level. This work has its origin in the idea that patients suffering from anterior and inferior myocardial infarction may differ in certain respects. In arterial hypertension greater demands are made upon the left ventricle: patients with anterior infarction may, therefore, as a group have more hypertension than patients with inferior infarction. Differences between the two types of infarction patients may be detectable in family history as well as in associated diseases and in previous environmental exposures. A similar comparison has not been found in the available literature.


Low-cost, multi-constellation GNSS receivers that output raw data (i.e. at least code pseudorange and carrier phase observations) have been introduced on the market in the last three years, enabling several advanced applications in the field of Earth observation, including atmospheric measurements, in a cost-effective way. Such receivers, in fact, combine the benefits of using low-cost hardware with those of multi-constellation receivers. The former include, for example, the possibility to make the densification of existing GNSS networks more practical in terms of cost, or to deploy receivers in hazardous locations that might put at risk the integrity of the hardware itself. The latter are at least twofold: satellites belonging to constellations estimation regards for precipitable water vapor (PWV) monitoring at a local scale, which is expected to be useful to improve the nowcasting and forecasting of localized heavy rain. However, such a densification would have a high economic impact when standard dual-frequency receivers are involved. On the other hand, when dealing with single-frequency receivers one has to take into account the ionospheric delay, which has to be removed in order to retrieve the tropospheric delay (and consequently the PWV). A second frequency onboard a low-cost GNSS receiver would allow to compensate the ionospheric delay by linear combination of the two frequencies, excluding the need of performing complex interpolations from available dual-frequency stations surrounding the single-frequency receiver. In general, all the applications requiring the processing of GNSS observations by PPP (precise point positioning), or by relative positioning over long baselines, would benefit from the availability of cost-effective dual-frequency receivers. This presentation will give an overview of the current status of low-cost receivers and multi-GNSS, describing experiments and test cases related to the combination of the two technologies. Details about the feasibility of designing cost-effective dual-frequency receivers will also be investigated and reported. In this paper we introduce the new procedure to estimate ZTD to obtain GPS PWV for numerical weather models. In general the major systematic error source of the ZTD estimation is the trade-off between the ZTD and the coordinate solutions usually simultaneously estimated in the GNSS analysis. In the analysis of the ZTD estimation, we fix the accurate site coordinates and exclude the trade-off systematic errors. In the first step of the procedure, we estimate site coordinates as well as hourly ZTD, every four-hourly atmospheric gradient, and ambiguities of all of the GEONET network sites as well as the IGS fiducial sites applying the GAMIT program. In the second step, we estimate the accurate present-day site coordinates of the GEONET sites, estimating from the recent 30-days site coordinates solutions time series applying the Kalman filtering of the GLOBK program, constraining the IGS fiducial site coordinates. Then in the final step of the procedure, we estimate every hourly ZTD and every four-hourly gradients of the GEONET sites fixing the site coordinates obtained in the second step. To evaluate the advanced ZTD estimation, we compare the PWV values calculated from the three kind of ZTDs obtained by three different analysis procedures. We assimilate the PWVs to the CReSS numerical weather model, and examine the impact of the PWVs in the heavy rain in the Southern Gifu Prefecture, Central Japan, on July 15 2010. The ZTDs are estimated by the following three procedures; (a) in the near real-time analysis applying the GAMIT program and estimating site coordinates, hourly ZTDs, four-hourly atmospheric gradient, and ambiguities simultaneously using IGS ultra-rapid orbit, (b) in the post-processing analysis applying the Bernese software and estimating site coordinates, three-hourly ZTDs, atmospheric gradient, and ambiguities simultaneously using IGS final orbit calculated by GSI (F3 solution), (c) in the post-processing analysis and applying the procedure mentioned above in this study (advanced ZTDs) using IGS final orbit. Examining the wide area distribution of water vapor in the objective analysis, (a) and (b) indicate the almost same distribution and (c) only shows the sharp contrast of the mixing ratio, dry in the north-western area in contrast with wet in the south-western area, in Central and Western Japan. The heavy rain phenomena calculated using (c) only significantly coincides with the observation. We also introduce the impact of the heavy rains applying PWVs obtained by the advanced ZTDs in the cases of the heavy rain in the Niigata Prefecture, Central Japan, in July 2011, and the thunderstorm in the Tokyo metropolis on July 15 2006. The development of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), since middle 1980s, has led to a significant change in the life of world's community. One of their most important and known application for the mass market is navigation systems for automobiles but also for aircrafts and ships. They play an important role also in several technical and scientific activities such as surveying, mapping and geographic information systems (GIS). In geophysics, the high precision measurements of multiple stations can be used to find strain and ground movement. Actually the most common system, operational and globally available, is the US Global Positioning System (GPS). Recently studies are in place to evaluate GPS application for meteorology. The atmosphere affects the GPS radio signals transmissions from space since the index of refraction is variable along the ray path. This index is a function of pressure, temperature, and moisture so GPS can be directly used for sensing properties of the atmosphere. Water vapor, located in the lowest layers of the atmosphere, significantly affects the GPS signal propagation velocity and, at the same time, plays an important role in atmospheric processes, from global climate change to micrometeorology. The information derived from GPS, which allows to quantify water vapor, is the Zenith Total Delay (ZTD) that summarizes the increase of the optical path length between GPS satellites and receiver. It has two components: the Zenith Hydrostatic Delay (ZHD), primarily affected by hydrostatic gasses, and the Zenith Wet Delay (ZWD), directly related to water vapor. While the ZHD can be modeled with high accuracy, the ZWD has a large temporal and spatial variability so it is rather difficult to model and predict. The comparison between water vapor estimated from GPS ZTD and the results obtained from other well-known technics (radio-sounding with water vapor radiometers, ground or space-based, or Numerical Weather Models) has shown the reliability of GPS data for the estimation of this atmospheric parameter. This work describes the results of preliminary studies on the integration between GPS and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF) data to derive high spatial and temporal resolution water vapor maps. The data from ECMWF, characterized by high spatial resolution but low temporal resolution (3 hours), can be used to calculate the covariance function, which quantify their spatial variability. Knowing this function, ZTD values obtained from GPS, which have a low spatial resolution but high temporal resolution (15 minutes) could be regionalized and high resolution water vapor maps, almost in real time, could be obtained. The work has been developed in the contest of a three year international program between Italy and Argentina (2011-2013). In the first two years, different analysis have been conducted, focused on the assessment of the capabilities of the SIRGAS permanent network, which is the densification of the International Reference Frame (ITRF) in South America and Antarctic continent. The ZTD derived by the SIRGAS permanent network has been compared with those obtained from the International GNSS Service (IGS) products and from the radiometer on Jason-1 altimeter satellite. The results showed the reliability of SIRGAS permanent network. The accuracy of SIRGAS ZTD values was analyzed also in terms of consistency with ZTD values obtained from the ECMWF ERA-Interim database. ERA-Interim is an "interim" reanalysis to the period 1979-present of all the data stored in the ECMWF database. The work done consists in a detailed study of the consistence of the results (in terms of ZTD) obtained from ECMWF and GPS, considering two small areas of South America. The areas chosen were characterized by different features (e.g. orography) in order to better understand their influence on the spatial variation of ZTD. A procedure is also proposed to optimize the management of data. We assess the ability of GPS data to detect volcanic plumes at Minami-dake of Sakurajima Volcano. In this study, we describe the July 24, 2012 activity at Minami-dake of Sakurajima Volcano. We analyzed the data from more than 20 continuous GPS stations, which located on the volcano flanks, and neighboring region. We used GIPSY-OASIS II version 6.3 software. We extracted the post-fit phase residual in the ionosphere-free linear combination for each pair of GPS satellites and ground stations for the detection of eruption column. The wet zenith tropospheric delays and its gradient at all the GPS sites were estimated at all processing epochs (30 seconds). Firstly, we analyze the all of the GPS data in July 23, 2012 for the reference. Obtained post-fit phase residual of the reference days showed the noise-level for the path delay effects caused by the volcanic plume. This reference post-fit phase residual contained many noise sources such as multipath effects. The noise level of the post-fit phase residual strongly depends on the each GPS satellite and ground station pair. Finally, we analyzed the data of the July 24, 2012. The post-fit phase residual clearly shows large disturbance just after the eruption. For example, the phase residual


The article deals with a vintage iron helmet owned by the Northern Kazakhstan Regional Museum (Petropavlovsk, Republic of Kazakhstan). The design and decoration of the helmet are described in detail, the dating and attribution are specified, and photographs of the headpiece are presented for the first time under all main angles. Regarding the material of manufacture of the helmet crown, it belongs to the class of iron (steel), by the construction of the crown – to the section of solid-forged articles, by the shape of the dome – to the hemispherical type. The surface of the hoop and the "box-shaped" visor are covered with inscriptions in Arabic, floral and geometric ornaments reproduced in the technique of gold incision on metal. The inscription on the hoop contains verses 255–257 from the Qur'an, Surah 2 Al-Baqarah "The Cow", while the one on the "shield" of the visor is a prayer for protection, addressed to caliph ʿAli and known as the "message of peace" recited before a long journey or a difficult and dangerous enterprise, including combat action. During the use of the headpiece, the original pommel was removed and replaced with a slightly convex copper alloy pommel. Typological analysis allows us to date the helmet within the 17th – early 18th century. The item could have been manufactured in Mawara'annahr, Xinjiang, or a certain town on the Syr Darya, for a high-ranking Uzbek, Uyghur, or Kazakh warrior. This definition may explain the combination of a solid crown and a hoop with Arabic inscriptions with a box-type visor typical of helmets worn by Mongolian and Turkic nomads of Central Asia. The closest parallels are found in the museums of Kazakhstan. Judging by the traces of repair and reconstruction, this helmet was used for a long time.


Amidst the economic backdrop of resource-poor farmers, combined research and extension efforts in developing countries have focused on developing and promoting potentially adaptable and economically acceptable agronomic technologies that suit farmers' situations. Practices like improved fallows with woody and herbaceous legumes (e.g. Canavalia sp., Crotalaria sp., Mucuna sp., Lablab sp., and Tephrosia sp.) are considered an appropriate approach to improving soil fertility management and an alternative to expensive, and often not available, inorganic fertilizers. However the challenge remains of how to target such technologies to different socio-economic and biophysical niches at the farm level. Targeting of legume cover crops (LCC) to areas with actual and potential soil fertility management problems using a GIS approach was investigated. Using available datasets it was possible to define, identify, and map potential areas for targeting of LCC soil fertility improvement technologies by overlaying maps of soil fertility status, cropping systems, population density and climate for the eastern region of Uganda. We showed that a geographic information systems based decision support system could provide targeted dissemination output to aid decision making. Shortcomings in the use of available data are discussed, as are the practical applications of this approach in choosing appropriate legume species.


The objectives of this work were to express the EC5 domain of E‐cadherin and determine its structural characteristics as well as to evaluate the binding properties of HAV and BLG4 peptides to EC5 using spectroscopic methods. Homophilic interactions of E‐cadherins are responsible for cell–cell adhesion in the adherens junctions of the biological barriers (i.e. intestinal mucosa and blood–brain barriers). The EC5 domain of E‐cadherin has an important role in T‐cell adhesion to intestinal mucosa via αEβ7 integrin–E‐cadherin interactions. In this study, the expressed EC5 has a high thermal stability (Tm = 64.3 °C); it also has two stable conformations at room temperature, which convert to one conformation at approximately 54.5 °C. NMR and FTIR showed that HAV and BLG4 peptides bind to EC5. HSQC‐NMR showed that either Asn or Gln of EC5 was involved in the interactions with HAV and BLG4 peptides. EC5 underwent a conformational change upon interaction with the HAV and BLG4 peptides. Finally, the binding properties of both peptides were modeled by docking experiments, and the results suggest that Asn‐46 and Asn‐75 of EC5 could be involved during the interaction with the peptides and that the Ser and Trp residues of the HAV and BLG4 peptides, respectively, were important for binding to EC5.


Abstract : A set of computer codes has been developed which can be used to analyze failure characteristics using a Weibull distribution. Included are codes for Weibull Parameter Calculation, Present Risk Analysis, Future Risk Analysis, Characteristic Life Calculation, and two Monte Carlo Failure Codes providing both long and short printouts. When combined with Life Cycle Cost Analyses these codes will contribute to determination of rigorous return on investment for management decision making. Keywords: Weibull analysis, Parts failure, Reliability, Parts, Logistics, Usage forecasting.


Objective To investigate the effect of execution of health education for pregnant women.Methods 800 pregnant womenwere randomized into control and experimental group,400 cases in each group.The control group was given a conventional obstetric examination;the experimental group was given another maternity guidance based on the control group.Then compare the delivery effect between two groups.Results the rates of natural labour,Cesarean section and complications are 64%,36% and 1% respectively in experimental group,while 42%,58%,4% respectively in control group.The difference was statistically significant(P0.05).Conclusion Maternity guidance in outpatient department can reduce the incidence of postpartum complications and conduce to the mother's postpartum recovery and health growth of newborn.


Background: This paper is a review of the literature on electrical stimulation of the ear to treat tinnitus. This method of treatment has been used since the 1970s and different techniques have been explored. The primary aim of this work was to review the literature on electrical stimulation of the ear to suppress tinnitus, with a specific focus on the methods and stimulation parameters used so far and the efficacy of the different methods. A secondary aim was to formulate recommendations on electrical ear stimulation parameters that suppress tinnitus. Material and methods: Four databases were searched: PubMed, Ovid Embase, Web of Science, and Science Direct. Database searches were conducted during November 2018 using the search terms: tinnitus and electrical stimulation. Inclusion criteria: All research articles on invasive and non-invasive electrical stimulation of the ear for suppressing tinnitus were included. Other inclusion criteria were records in English and involving adult human participants. Exclusion criteria: Studies on intracochlear stimulation using cochlear implants and studies where stimulation extended beyond the ear (e.g. transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, TENS) were excluded. Results: Twenty publications met the inclusion criteria and were analysed in this review. A comparison was made between invasive and non-invasive electrical ear stimulation in terms of efficacy, type of current used, laterality of stimulation, intensity and frequency of the current, duration of tinnitus suppression, and adverse effects. Due to the non-standardised methodology of the studies, there was only a low level of evidence available in terms of the advantages of a particular technique or stimulation parameter. The difficulties in comparing the effectiveness of the studies were related to many factors, and these are discussed. One factor is the variability in outcome measures, including different definitions of treatment success and limited use of standardised or validated outcome measures. Conclusions: Based on the reviewed literature, it is concluded there is no clear advantage of one stimulation condition over the other in terms of method, stimulation parameter, or effectiveness. This leads us to conclusion that the present body of evidence is insufficient to formulate definite recommendations for electrical ear stimulation.


Relatively high levels of radon emissions are associated with particular types of rocks such as granites . Because of chemical composition of granite, it sends out radioactive radiations. In recent years, regardless of its hazards demand have increased for these stone types. In this paper, health hazards of granite were assessed in terms of its radon gas emission. The radon gas was analyzed in samples collected from Buien- Miyandasht`s granite mass in Isfahan Province, central Iran. The result of this survey shows that radon content in some local stones used as basements are extremely high and these samples are main sources of indoor radon emanation


Rate coefficients for electron impact dissociation of the N2 molecule under
 the influence of crossed radio-frequency (RF) electric and magnetic fields
 are calculated for field frequencies of 13.56, 100 and 200 MHz and for root
 mean square values of the reduced electric field strength of 300 and 500 Td.
 Root mean square values of the reduced magnetic field were varied from 0 to
 2000 Hx. ?he effects of the strength of RF fields and their frequency on
 rates for the dissociation to neutral fragments and for the dissociative
 ionization are discussed. The temporal evolution of the rate coefficients
 during one period of the RF field is shown and discussed.


[Objective] To understand the current status of infectious disease prevention and control management in schools Xixia district,so as to strengthen the supervision and management of infectious diseases in schools and provide countermeasures for establishing effective regulatory approach. [Methods] The questionnaires were used for 128 middle schools and childcare agencies in Xixia to investigate the management of communicable diseases. [Results] The rate of principal responsibility in charge of kindergartens and nurseries,and implementation rate of management workers in infectious disease prevention and control were less than those in large secondary school. The rate of management standard of privately-run nurseries showed to be the lowest mainly due to lack of standard record of absenteeism and regular disinfection. The rate of establishing hospitals in primary and secondary schools and implementation of management workers in infectious diseases and outbreak management presented to be the lowest,and there existed dangers in outbreak of infectious disease. The incomplete of management of infectious disease in different schools and disease report and record,and non-implementation of system measures,but the work for checking card of vaccination and immunization showed to be good. The work for infectious disease management in school hospital and health management room showed to be worse. [Conclusion] We should strengthen the rule of law schools,the construction of infectious disease prevention and management,enhance supervision and inspection and guidance to promote establishment of long-term mode of monitoring.


A systematic way to combine an adaptive control design technique and sliding mode control methodology for trajectory tracking control of robot manipulators in the presence of parametric uncertainties and external disturbance is developed in this paper. Continuous sliding mode controllers without the unpleasant reaching transient and chattering problem are first developed by using a dynamic sliding mode. Transient performance is guaranteed and globally uniform ultimate boundedness (GUUB) stability is obtained. A conventional adaptive scheme is also developed for comparison. With some modifications to the conventional adaptation law, the control law is redesigned by combining the design methodologies of adaptive control and sliding mode control. The suggested controller preserves the advantages of both methods, namely, asymptotic stability of adaptive systems for parametric uncertainties and GUUB stability with guaranteed transient performance of sliding mode control for both parametric uncertainties and external disturbances. The control law is continuous and the chattering problem of sliding mode control is avoided. A priori knowledge of the bounds of the parameter uncertainties and external disturbances is assumed. Experimental results illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.


PURPOSEThe purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between radiation exposure and subsequent development of salivary gland tumors (SGTs). MATERIALS AND METHODSEighteen patients with SGTs as second cancers after head and neck irradiation were identified from chart review of institutional databases of 3025 patients with SGTs evaluated between 1986 and 2001. RESULTSThe median age at the time of initial radiation therapy was 22 years (range, 5–74 years). The median age of the group at the time of their diagnosis of a SGT was 54 years (range, 21–79 years). The median interval between radiation exposure and diagnosis of the SGT was 21 years (range, 4–64 years). The most common initial diagnosis for which patients received radiation therapy was Hodgkin's disease. Histology of the secondary SGT was varied, but most were malignant (N = 15), and mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common histology (N = 9). CONCLUSIONThere is an association between radiation exposure and the risk of developing an SGT. There was a wide range in the dose of radiation and the age at exposure, suggesting that exposure to head and neck radiation at any age and dose may increase the risk for SGT. This series also suggests an increased risk for developing malignant (versus benign) SGT after radiation exposure.


Conventional learning-based superresolution algorithms tend to boost noise components existing in input images because the algorithms are usually learned in a noise-free environment. Even though a specific noise reduction algorithm is applied to noisy images prior to superresolution, visual quality degradation is inevitable due to the mismatch between noise-free images and denoised images. Accordingly, we present a noise-robust superresolution algorithm that overcomes this problem. In the learning phase, a dictionary classified according to noise level is constructed, and then a high-resolution image is synthesized using the dictionary in the inference phase. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm outperforms existing algorithms for various noisy images.


We propose a loop closure detection technique for a monocular SLAM system proposed in [1], which uses planar landmarks to describe 3-D environments. In [1], the camera state and the landmark plane normal is represented as SE(3) and SO(3), respectively, which are both Lie group. Loop closing techniques for feature map which consist of Lie group elements should consider the geometrical properties of Lie group.


Objective:To study the expression and clinical significance of Her-2/neu,TopoⅡα in gastric carcinoma tissue. Methods: The expressions of Her-2/neu and TopoⅡα were detected by PV-9000 immunohistochemical technique in 90 cases of gastric carcinoma and 30 cases of gastric normal tissue and analyze the relationship between the expression of Her-2/neu,TopoⅡα and the clinical prognosis of patients. Results: The overexpression incidence of Her-2/neu in 90 cases of gastric cancer and in 30 cases of normal gastric tissue were respectively 20.0%,3.3%(P0.05),and TopoⅡ α were respectively 65.6%, 86.7%(P0.05).Overexpression of Her-2/neu was significantly correlated to Lauren type, degree of differentiation, lymph node metastasis. The expression of TopoⅡα only had a closely relationship with the degree of differentiation. 72.2%(13/18) of Her-2/neu amplification had concomitant TopoIIα amplication. Conclusion: The overexpression of Her-2/neu and TopoⅡ α may play a role in the pathogenesis of gastric carcinoma, combined detection would be of benefit in selecting chemotherapeutic agents and evaluating prognosis in gastric carcinoma.


To gauge the relevance of The Imperative of Freedom, John C. Merrill's paean to journalistic autonomy, consider the latest form of journalistic self-expression: web logs, or blogs. In the past year, newsfolk have begun generating online journals to dispense their perspectives and invite discussion. For example, CNN correspondent Kevin Sites showcased his photographs in a blog about the war in Iraq ( www.kevinsites.net ). And Denis Horgan, travel editor at the Hartford Courant, cranked out a blog with news and views on politics, baseball and sundry other subjects ( www.denishorgan.com ). On their own time, Sites and Horgan offered the kind of libertarian journalism that Merrill's book celebrates. But the journalists met the kind of fate that Merrill's book might predict: they were silenced, as CNN and the Courant ordered Sites and Horgan to stop writing blogs. The point: technology and corporatization make The Imperative of Freedom as germane today as when it was first published in 1974. On the one hand, blogs, computer-assisted reporting and other new-media applications can increase journalistic independence. At the same time, reporters are being muzzled by other trends: media consolidation, companies' preoccupation with boosting profits and stock prices, and desperate strategies to regain readers by pandering to them. As convergence piles more demands on journalists, their reports may become even more superficial—and ethics may evanesce in the newsroom. Hence, Merrill's Imperative for journalists: to thine own self be true. Not that the book is an easy read. It can appear as an attack on standards—which may seem especially contrary given the low regard the public has for the media. Merrill intended Imperative as a retort to books glorifying the Hutchins Commission and its call for a socially responsible press. Today, it serves as a counterbalance to civic (or public) journalism and its notion that community engagement should trump journalistic detachment. Merrill argues that journalism needs mavericks and nonconformists, not communitarian groupthink. He raises a voice for editorial self-determinism: that journalists—not Platonic elitists—should call the shots. With the present pasteurization of news by the corporate machine, Imperative evokes the 1977 words of Alan Barth, the legendary editorial writer for the Washington Post: "I think this country is in greater danger today from excessive press responsibility than from excessive irresponsibility." Merrill doesn't reject the need for journalistic responsibility. He writes, "A concern for ethics is important. The journalist who has this concern obviously cares about good or right actions; such a concern indicates an attitude which embraces both freedom and personal responsibility." But the sense of responsibility must come from within—not be imposed by readers or stockholders. Merrill's admonitions may fly in the face of the collaboration and teamwork now advocated in many newsrooms and journalism schools, where social animals are prized above lone wolves. While readers may disagree with The Imperative of Freedom, they are made to think, to define terms, to question assumptions. From objectivity to objectivism, Merrill requires readers to examine the fundamentals of journalism and how they apply to competing philosophies. As he promotes a libertarian worldview, he attacks concepts associated with it, such as the idea that "people have a right to know".


The comparison of documents—such as articles or patents search, bibliography recommendations systems, visualization of document collections, etc.—has a wide range of applications in several fields. One of the key tasks that such problems have in common is the evaluation of a similarity metric. Many such metrics have been proposed in the literature. Lately, deep learning techniques have gained a lot of popularity. However, it is difficult to analyze how those metrics perform against each other. In this paper, we present a systematic empirical evaluation of several of the most popular similarity metrics when applied to research articles. We analyze the results of those metrics in two ways, with a synthetic test that uses scientific papers and Ph.D. theses, and in a real-world scenario where we evaluate their ability to cluster papers from different areas of research.


1926-1934: circa 1930 - New York and New England Cuba. 1935-1938: African negro art American photographs - Evans in Middletown. 1938-1941: the making of "Many Are Called" the Wheaton College Commission on the west Coast of Florida. 1941-1955: at "Fortune" Faulkner country. 1958-1974: the polaroids and other work.


Lexical blending is a connection of the parts of two different words or a whole word and a part of another word. As a result of blending a new word is formed that is called blend, for example: biology + electronics = bionics. There are two types of lexical blending: clipping and overlap. Lexical clipping is when a whole word and one part of another word or the first part of one word and the end part of another word have concurring components and are connected (modulator + demodulator = modem). The structural scheme of the overlap may be [а (b = а) в] or [а (b = в) у], etc. Lexical overlap is when the end of one word is replaced by the first part of another word (breakfast + lunch = brunch). The structural scheme of the overlap is ^b + ав = ав]. When lexical overlap is used as a stylistic method, a certain stylistic effect is produced. Authors use this effect of the blend to create the comic, for example: mordal'on (А. Averchenko) = morDA (mug) + meDAl'ion (medallion). Functions of lexical blends were essentially extended in modernistic literature when a speech artistic form appeared separate from the content, literary form proper and language of literary work, as an "additional building part" of fiction and poetry (G.I. Klimovskaya). An example of the use of blends for the creation of an unusual and new stylistic effect is the prose of Vladimir Nabokov. Lexical blends in Vladimir Nabokov's prose perform diverse functions. For example, occasional word trUPsik in a short story "Ultima Thule" is_formed by clipping the words trUP (corpse) and pUPsik (naked baby doll). This blend performs the nominative function and signifies a baby born in a grave. At the same time this blend, arising in a dream of a heartbroken widower, contributes to the rendering of the character's state of mind. Blends Helix and Ferman from the novel Otcha-yaniye (Despair) are formed from names Herman and Felix ^b + ав = ав + ab]. These blends, on one hand, reflect the intensity of self-identification of one of the characters, Herman, with another character, Herman. On the other hand, each blend serves as a means to express the idea of similarity and depersonalization of people in a socialist society, and also as a means to express the ironical attitude to this idea.


Vedolizumab (VDZ), a gut-specific anti-integrin, is approved as a treatment for moderate to severe Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Extra-intestinal manifestations (EIMs) are frequently associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). However, the effect of VDZ on EIMs remains unknown. The aim of the current study was to describe the prevalence of EIMs in IBD patients at VDZ initiation, the evolution during continued treatment as well as the occurrence of new EIMs.

 A single-centre study was performed in IBD patients who were started on VDZ between May 2010 and February 2019. Retrospectively, the physician-reported EIMs and intestinal disease activity (clinical and endoscopic) were assessed at baseline, 6 months and 1 year after the start of VDZ.

 The cohort consisted of 134 patients, including 77 CD patients, 56 UC patients and 1 patient with unclassified IBD. At VDZ initiation EIMs were assessed in 127 patients and 17.3% had ≥ 1 EIM: 9 hepatic EIMs (2 patients with toxic hepatitis, 2 with autoimmune hepatitis and 5 with PSC), 7 arthropathies (6 patients with axial spondyloarthropathy and 1 with peripheral arthritis), 3 non-further specified axial or peripheral arthralgias and 3 cutaneous EIMs (urticaria, psoriasis and erythema nodosum). Clinical evolution of the EIMs is reported in Table 1, assessment of intestinal disease activity in Table 2. During follow-up, 23 new EIMs were seen, mainly arthralgia, which was often transient. VDZ was stopped in 39/130 (30%) patients due to active intestinal disease in 32 patients, patients' choice (n = 1) or because of deep disease remission (n = 1). In five patients, VDZ was stopped because of insufficient control of EIM.

 A good clinical intestinal response was observed. However, the clinical evolution of EIMs appears unaffected by the use of VDZ in our cohort. Prospective data are needed to confirm these results.


The utility model relates to a line pipe type electric field regular goad electrode, comprising a tubular outer electrode, an electrode central shaft, a steel baseband, discharge steel needles and a steel needle belt, wherein the discharge steel needles with the same point of needle angle are pressed in the steel baseband in an equidistant manner, and the steel needle belt provided with steel needles is spirally winded on the electrode central shaft to form the regular goad discharge electrode. In order to guarantee discharge efficiency of the needle point and penetrating performance of the steel needle into the steel baseband, angle of the needle point is designed to be a 26 to 32 DEG multi-prism structure. In order to improve electric field performance of a low temperature plasma reactor, spacing of the goad electrode discharge steel needles is 2 to 5mm, that is to say 5 to 25 needles per cm . The steel baseband and the discharge steel needles are prepared by stainless steel or molybdenum metal. The regular goad electrode can guarantee that the discharge steel needles have the same discharge distance with another electrode in circumference, each discharge steel needle is vertical to the other electrode, and spacings of the discharge steel needles are uniform and consistent.


AN ANALYSIS OF THE CRITICAL READING SKILLS OF CLASS IV AND V
AT MUHAMMADIYAH ELEMENTARY SPECIAL PROGRAM WESTERN
MINISTRY AND TEGALSARI SURAKARTA
Rino Dwi Irawan, A510150248, Teacher's Education, Faculty Of Arts And
Faculty Of Education
University of Muhammadiyah Surakarta, August 2019
The research aims to assess the evaluation of the learning and ability of the basic high
schools of high school students. This study is a kualitative research, so that it requires
detail the detail and clear that consist of the following stages: the evaluation,
observation, test of ability, and documentation. The subject at this study is a class of IV
and V SD, the first class of kottabarat, and the primary Program of the Tegalsari
Surakarta. Research results suggest that I reading the reading and students to read the
critical reading is still not yet to complete, it can provide a understanding of teacher and
students about importance to improve the critical reading of the critical reading as well
as the government of government to create a good policies that there are in Indonesia.


Depression and alcohol misuse are common co-occurring conditions. This study aimed to determine the accuracy of general practitioner identification of depression and alcohol misuse. Participants from 12 Australian general practices reported demographic and health risk behaviour data. General practitioners were asked to indicate the presence or absence of six health risk factors for individual patients. Accuracy of general practitioner identification was low at 21 per cent. Those with severe alcohol misuse, no chronic diseases and lower education levels were more likely to be identified. Routine screening prior to patient appointments may be a simple and efficient way to increase identification rates.


Micro irrigation, earlier known as Drip or Trickle irrigation is a highly efficient method of water application. It developed and expanded globally at a fast rate in the last two decades in more than 35 countries with maximum coverage in the United States and India is not too far from it, it is also developing these types of systems. This is most appropriately applicable to widely spaced crops such as fruits, vegetables, and field crops. Its different variations consist of a surface trickle, bubbler, micro sprinkler, spray, mechanical move, pulse, subsurface drip, all of which are covered under a single term Microirrigation.


Using the three functions of Virtual Reality and the user's ability to interact, the design environment is now focusing on visual and acoustic perceptions. The encoding and decoding of 2D information's to represent 3D environment will help managers in taking the best decisions. Knowing strengths and weaknesses of a prototype model will build a more effective and with positive impact environment design.


Since the 1970s, post-colonial theories have been denouncing the continuity of the power relations and domination engendered during the colonial period. By calling into question the universality of Western societies in all its aspects, but especially in political and cultural terms, this theoretical approach emphasizes the need to remark difference. In this article, the aim is to problematize the relationship between postcolonial criticism and the affirmative political actions that are adopted with the supposed objective of promoting ethnic-racial diversity. The empirical object of research is the selection process of students who identify themselves as black, allowing them entrance to the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil, through the since 2007 adopted quota system.


A nuclear fuel assembly of the type having a plurality of nuclear fuel elements disposed in parallel, and forming a plurality of longitudinal flow channels, in a closely packed array is disclosed. Axially spaced longitudinal fins formed integrally on at least some of the fuel elements, at an angle with the fuel element axis, serve to divert coolant flowing longitudinally past the fuel elements between adjacent flow channels to promote mixing and even heating of the coolant. Each fin traverses the clearance between adjacent fuel elements, tangentially contacts the body of an adjacent fuel element, and is fixedly connected thereto. Sets of the axially spaced fins are fixedly connected to adjacent fuel elements, as described, in substantially the same transverse plane relative to the longitudinal axis of the fuel assembly. At the leading end of the fins, the relative flow rate diverted from adjacent flow channels alternates; and at the trailing end of the fins, the relative flow rate conveyed to adjacent flow channels also alternates; moreover, in a given flow channel the number of flow streams diverted and converged, at the leading and trailing fin edges, also alternates.


The itenerant commerce is an expression of commercial undevelopment. The part played by this type of commercial structure is evident through three axes : economic, social and spatial. By its importance, its organisation and its functioning, it participates, with the sedentary commerce, to the development of the economic structure of the town. At the social level, it insures the creation of jobs and the absorption of unemployment in the town and in near country sides. The widening of installations makes it that the commerce evolves in association with sedentary commerce, and creates a spatial structure that could be particular and appropriate for it.


The article deals with analysis of relationship between the prevalence of emancipative values and demographic modernization in the field of reproductive behavior and fertility using the data of the latest wave of World Values Survey (2017-2020). The study is aimed to compare the commitment of respondents from different countries to emancipative values (according to the index "Welzel emancipative values"), to assess the impact this complex "value factor" has on the number of respondents' children, on their attitudes to childbirth, on the age of motherhood. Also focus of this study includes analysis of factors that affect index value, in particular individual socio-demographic characteristics of respondents. Within this study an attempt is made for the first time to model the relationship between the commitment to emancipative values and number of children controlling for the impact of both the individual socio-demographic characteristics of the respondent and the stage of demographic transition in his / her country. Other components of the research with results that potentially can contribute to the existing literature are related to studying: relationship between the prevalence of emancipative values and the attitude to the evaluative judgment on the mandatory birth of children; impact of the emancipative values' spread on motherhood age; impact of respondents' socio-demographic characteristics on their commitment to emancipative values (based on the Ukrainian data). Censored Poisson regression is used to model the relationship between the emancipative values index and the number of respondent's children. Regression model (linear regression estimated by OLS) is estimated to determine the dependence of value orientations' (according to Welzel values) on the age of respondents from Ukraine, controlling for the influence of such variables as sex, education level and type of settlement. Evaluation of the impact average value of Welzel index has on attitudes towards childbirth, as well as its effect on the mean age of mother at the first child birth is carried out at the national level based on WVS data using correlation-regression analysis. There is a statistically significant inverse relationship between index of emancipative values and number of children. The effect of this value factor is bigger in magnitude compared to the effects of such factors as age, gender, type of settlement, education level of the respondent (all abovementioned effects are statistically significant). There is a strong statistically significant relationship between the prevalence of emancipative values and the increase in the proportion of those who do not perceive the childbirth as a social duty. Also obtained results reveal that the spread of emancipative values has statistically significant positive effect on the mother's age at the first birth (i.e. with the higher level of emancipative values the mother's age at the first birth is increasing). Conducted analysis showed the statistically significant age effect in the differentiation of the Welzel index among Ukrainian respondents, as well as the effect of their settlement place and educational level on propensity to emancipative values.


The existence of asymptomatic and re-detectable positive COVID-19 patients presents the disease control challenges of COVID-19. Most studies on immune response of COVID-19 have focused on the moderately or severely symptomatic patients, however little is known about the immune response in asymptomatic and re-detectable positive patients. Here we performed a comprehensive analysis of the transcriptomic profiles of PBMCs from 48 COVID-19 patients which include 8 asymptomatic, 13 symptomatic, 15 recovering and 12 RP patients. Our analysis revealed a down-regulation of IFN response and complement activation in the asymptomatic patients compared with the symptomatic, indicating a weaker immune response of the PBMCs in the asymptomatic patients. In addition, we observed a lower expression of the cytokines and chemokines in the PBMC of asymptomatic and symptomatic patients. In contrast, the cytokines and chemokines level in the RP patients are higher than the recovering. GSEA analysis showed the enrichment of TNFa/NF-{kappa}B and influenza infection in the RP patients compared with the recovering patients, indicating a flu-like, hyper-inflammatory immune response in the PBMC of RP patients. Thus our findings could extend our understanding of host immune response during the progression COVID-19 disease and help the clinical management and the immunotherapy development for COVID-19.


1. Evidence is presented which shows that Cu+ is a much more effective agent than Cu++ in inhibiting urease, and that ascorbic acid acts as an inhibitor only in so far as it reduces C++-+ Cu+. The experimental findings on which this evidence is based are as follows: (a) Ascorbic acid does not inhibit urease when copper is absent, but does so when copper is present. (b) The inhibition by Cu++ plus ascorbic acid is of the same magnitude as with Cu+ alone. The inhibition produced by Cu+ is not increased by the addition of ascorbic acid. (c) Other reducing substances containing a dienol group and capable of reducing Cu++-* Cu+, e.g. hydroxytetronic, reductic and dihydroxymaleic acids, resemble ascorbic acid in their power to inactivate urease in the presence of copper. (d) Urease inactivated either by Cu++ plus ascorbic acid or by Cu+ alone may be reactivated by H2S, or by cysteine. It is postulated that the Cu+ inactivates by forming a derivative with an -SH group of the enzyme, and that substances like H2S reactivate by removing the bound copper and regenerating this -SH group. 2. Dehydroascorbic acid does not inhibit urease, even in the presence of copper. 2:3-Diketo-gulonic acid (produced by mutarotation when solutions of dehydroascorbic acid are left standing) inhibits only in the presence of copper, but to a less extent than does ascorbic acid. 3. Of the metallic salts tested, Cu++ and Au+++ alone had their toxicity increased by the addition of ascorbic acid. With Hg++ salts the toxicity was reduced by ascorbic acid.


This paper is devoted to concepts, approaches and some examples of the fourth industrial revolution. The basis of this revolution also well known as Industry 4.0 build so called cyber-physical systems. They contain the integrated smart software systems including the internet address to enable the communication with environment as for product itself as for means of production. All this enable the next level of efficiency and flexibility for both organizing and controlling of the valuecreation chain over the whole lifecycle of products. In the first three chapters the WEB references [1] till [8] were used. Because of multiple cross references in documents this paper is written without detailed references in each paragraph of mentioned chapters. Keywords—fourth industrial revolution, industry 4.0, cyberphysical systems, smart production


The neuronal ceroid lipofuscinoses (NCL) are a group of recessively inherited neurodegenerative disorders. The most common type found in Newfoundland is late infantile NCL; 1 in 63 of the population is estimated to be a carrier. The incidence has decreased over the years with fewer affected siblings born in families and migration away from smaller communities. For the 30 late infantile cases (24 families), most presented with generalized convulsive seizures; all had curvilinear inclusion bodies in several cell types. The mean age at onset was 2.8 {plus_minus} 0.6 yr and they lived a mean of 7.5 {plus_minus} 2.1 yr. Three of these families have been used to exclude linkage to markers on chromosome 1 and 16. There is one typical juvenile NCL family; it has been used to further define the localization of the gene on chromosome 16p. Genetic counseling for carrier status has been offered in this family. A single case of adult NCL (Kufs) has been identified. Reevaluation of the cases indicated that there are many who have clinical and neuropathological features of both late infantile and juvenile NCL. Unusual findings in these 13 cases (11 families) included the coexistence of both types of inclusion bodies. In patientsmore » with juvenile fingerprint inclusion bodies, atypical presentations were delayed milestones at age 8 mo, visual loss before 4 yr, psychomotor retardation before loss of vision and an enhanced response to photic stimulation on EEG. Molecular studies will determine the basis for this heterogeneity. Extensive family histories showed only 53% (19/36) of families were consanguinous or interelated indicating that the frequency of the gene is probably quite high.« less


Ground deformation monitoring at the open pit mine Koźmin has been conducted since 2008. The principles and results of the precise determination of the three dimensional displacements using GPS technology has been presented in this paper. In specific, establishment of the control network, patented technology of the field measurements, the strategy of GPS data postprocessing, as well as the obtained displacements in the control network with their accuracy analysis have been presented. The research conducted with the developed technology indicates a high accuracy and reliability of the determined displacements of the controlled points. ARTICLE INFO


Correct surgery should be founded on physiology and anatomy. It is on this basis that it seems to me some of the well known nasal procedures are wrong; for example, cauterization of septum or turbinates, while the submucous correction of the nasal septum is right. Likewise, in the treatment of acute or chronic frontoethmoidal infections, we should consider two factors, the physiologic functions of the nose, and of the epithelial cilia of the mucous lining. Our efforts should be to aid nature in the restoration of the activity of the parts. As suggested by Smith, Wright and others, the functions of the intranasal structures are fourfold: 1. To warm the inspired air. 2. To moisten the inspired air. 3. To filter the inspired air. 4. Olfaction. "They believe that the efficiency of each one of these processes depends to a very large extent upon the regulation of the vascular apparatus; that dilatation of the blood vessels, when it is not carried to a point of rendering the amount of air supply to the lungs inefficient, renders the air when it reaches the pharynx not only warmer and moister, and freer of dust and bacteria, but that by filling the unnecessary space in the respiratory region of the nose, it directs a more copious supply of it toward the olfactory regions." The same authorities believe there is one point on which not enough emphasis has been laid, and that is the action of the epithelial cilia. "The cilia in the maxillary sinus remove


For channel coded wireless multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communication systems,soft-output minimum mean square error (MMSE) ordering sequential interference cancellation (OSIC) detection is investigated in this paper.By Gaussian approximation of the output of MMSE filter,a posteriori symbol probability estimation based scheme is proposed to suppress the impact of error propagation due to imperfect interference cancellation so that the reliability of the log-likelihood ratio of each coded bit can be improved.According to the matrix structure of the detector,complexity-reduced implementation is also proposed by utilizing the matrix inverse lemma.The results show that the proposed detector outperforms the existing detectors with gains of 1~3dB at BER=10-4.


This two-tape Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) video production presents a Dec. 8, 1992 press conference held at JPL to discuss the final Galileo spacecraft encounter with Earth before beginning its journey to Jupiter. The main theme of the conference was centered on the significance of the 2nd and final Earth/Moon flyby as being the spacecraft's last planetary encounter in the solar system before reaching Jupiter, as well as final flight preparations prior to its final journey. Each person of the five member panel was introduced by Robert MacMillan (JPL Public Information Mgr.) before giving brief presentations including slides and viewgraphs covering their area of expertise regarding Galileo's current status and future plans. After the presentations, the media was given an opportunity to ask questions of the panel regarding the mission. Mr. Wesley Huntress (Dir. of Solar System Exploration (NASA)), William J. ONeill (Galileo Project Manager), Neal E. Ausman, Jr. (Galileo Mission Director), Dr. Torrence V. Johnson (Galileo Project Scientist) and Dr. Ronald Greeley (Member, Imaging Team, Colorado St. Univ.) made up the panel and discussed topics including: Galileo's interplanetary trajectory; project status and performance review; instrument calibration activities; mission timelines; lunar observation and imaging; and general lunar science. Also included in the last three minutes of the video are simulations and images of the 2nd Galileo/Moon encounter.


The widely diffused Wi-Fi infrastructure can be used for the indoor positioning and a lot of Wi-Fi localization techniques have been studied recently. However, for continuous indoor navigation of a mobile object, most of the existing methods do not give a satisfactory performance. The inertial measurement unit (IMU), providing the motion information of the object with a high update rate, is widely used in dead-reckoning navigation applications. By using the complementary nature of Inertial Navigation System (INS) and Wi-Fi positioning principles, an integrated system of INS and Wi-Fi is expected to form a low-cost, robust and continuous indoor navigation solution. In this paper, two loosely-coupled INS/Wi-Fi schemes and one tightly-coupled integration approach are presented.


In this note, a fifth order and a sixth order predictor are developed for use with Adams–Moulton correctors of the same order. The resulting PECE algorithms have larger regions of absolute stability than the Adams and Krogh algorithms of corresponding order.