[Extract] This essay, which is accompanied by a collective online sketchbook on the American Anthropologist website, is about drawing as a research methodology.1 Drawing, like writing, is a craft that can be learned. It is a radical social research method, recalling the lost, undisciplined roots of research into "folk, work, place" in Britain—roots that this essay explores through the Foundations of British Sociology: The Sociological Review Archive at Keele University (Keele University 2010). Too many scholars now research "materiality" as an armchair topic. Multimodality—a young, cross‐disciplinary, and still unformed aggregation of research topics, designs, methods, and methodologies—is threatened by the haste to adopt ever‐new technologies. Through "slowest" practice, we can begin to understand, first, how salvaged methodologies might transform current practices and, second, how human capacities are limited, channeled, and lost in the race to innovate. Through practicing and developing material methodology, researchers can reshape dominant theories of modernity, because how we make knowledge is critical for fashioning alternative pasts, presents, and futures.


Background: The utilization of bilateral (B/L) mastectomy for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been rising within the last two decades. This is occurring despite the lack of convincing evidence to support the positive impact of this approach on disease-specific or overall survival (OS.) Notably, the estimated annual risk of developing a contralateral breast cancer is only 0.1% per year. Method: This is a retrospective cohort analysis of National Inpatient Sample database between the years 2005 and 2014 of adult females who underwent B/L mastectomy. ICD-9-CM procedure codes were used to identify two subpopulations; those who had only DCIS without invasive breast cancer or high risk genetic syndrome (DCIS mastectomy) and all others. The aim of this study is to assess the demographic predictors of undergoing B/L mastectomy for DCIS. Statistical analysis done using STATA. Results: The total number of B/L mastectomies performed within the study period was 144,754, of which 24,766 (17.1%) were performed for DCIS with no invasive cancer and no high risk genetic syndrome. There was no significant difference between the two groups in age (average 52.8 years), length of stay (average 2.34 days) and total charge for hospitalization (average $51,209). Among DCIS mastectomy patients, 56.3% were >50 year-old and only 0.7% were 18-30 year-old, 80.7% were Caucasian and 7.5% were African American, 42% were from highest income quartile neighborhoods and 12.6% were from lowest income quartile neighborhoods and 77.8% had private insurance while 15.9% and 5.2% had Medicare and Medicaid, respectively. Interestingly, 95.6% of B/L mastectomies for DCIS were performed at urban centers, 63.6% in teaching hospitals and 64.2% were in large hospital by bed size. Univariate regression showed no significant predictive value for undergoing B/L mastectomy for DCIS indication by age, race, hospital geographic region, teaching status of hospital or hospital size. The odds of undergoing B/L mastectomy for DCIS was higher for age category for 30-50 year-old compared to 18-30 year-old (OR=2.6, p Conclusion: A significant proportion of B/L mastectomies are being performed for DCIS. While this approach has not convincingly yielded an OS benefit, it has significant clinical and psychological morbidity along with considerable financial toxicity. We found inequity in populations that receive this procedure by age, race, insurance status, income quartile and urban or rural location of center. Further studies would be helpful to delineate this disparity among patients and assess the utility of B/L mastectomy in the era of molecular prediction and superior therapeutic modalities. Citation Format: Sindhu Janarthanam Malapati, Sunny RK Singh, Rohit Kumar, Jason Mouabbi, Ahmed Abdalla, Carrie Dul, Tarik Hadid. Bilateral mastectomy in ductal carcinoma in situ: 10-year analysis of national inpatient sample database [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2019 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2019 Dec 10-14; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-08-04.


In 1929, Hotelling presented a model for spacial competition between two firms in which they compete in a two-stage game. First, both firms choose their location and after they choose their prices. In this work, we assume that the establishment of prices occurs in a dynamic way instead of a static one. We will use two different dynamics, namely, the Myopic Dynamics and the BestResponse Dynamics. Our main goal, will be to study the stability of the Nash Price Equilibrium. We also study the conditions that make the set of prices, for which every firm has a non-empty market share, a forward invariant set. For last, we will address the extension of the Hotelling model to a network, proposed by A. A. Pinto and T. Parreira. Again, we assume a dynamic establishment of prices and our goal is to study the stability of the Nash Price Equilibrium.


Introduction Lipomas are the most common benign musculoskeletal tumors, comprising 50% of musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors. Intermuscular lipomas are occur deep within muscle compartments and comprise 0.3% of all lipomas. As with other deep lipomas, they are often asymptomatic, being identified only when they have reached a large size or are compressing local neurovascular structures or both. Deep lipomas are most commonly found in the lower limbs, and in decreasing order of frequency affect the trunk, shoulders and arms; the intermuscular subtype has a particular predilection for the abdominal wall. We here report a rare case of giant intermuscular lipoma involving the brachialis, coracobrachialis and triceps muscles, traversing between the anterior and posterior compartments along the course of the radial nerve.


The likelihood function is modified substituting the empirical distribution by a kernel estimator. The parametric estimate that is deduced by maximizing the modified likelihood has only a bias of order o(l/n) under certain conditions. Thus the bias of Maxi¬mum Likelihood Estimates is reduced. A modified version of the Maximum Likelihood Estimator of the shape parameter of the Weibuii distribution is studied as well for un-censored samples as for censored ones


So far coverage problems have been formulated to address area coverage or to maintain line-of-sight visibility in the presence of obstacles (i.e., art-gallery problems). Although sensor networks often are employed to track moving targets, none of the existing formulations deal with the problem of allocating sensors in order to achieve track-formation capabilities over a region of interest. This paper investigates the problem of finding the configuration of a network with n sensors such that the number of tracks intercepted by k sensors is optimized without providing redundant area coverage over the entire region. This problem arises in applications where proximity sensors are employed that have individual detection capabilities, and that obtain limited measurements from each track, possibly at different moments in time. By assuming that the target travels along a straight unknown path, and that the sensors are omnidirectional with limited range (i.e., their visibility can be represented by a circle), it can be shown that the tracks detected by one or more (k) sensors always are contained by a coverage cone. Therefore, the track coverage of the network can be measured through the opening angle of the coverage cone and formulated in terms of unit vectors that depend on the sensors' range and location. Through this approach, the coverage of a given network configuration can be rapidly assessed. Also, a coverage function is obtained that, when maximized with respect to the sensor location, optimizes the number of tracks detected over a rectangular area of interest. The same approach can potentially be applied to other convex polygons and to three-dimensional Euclidian space


Photoelectrical parameters were measured of solar cell ITO|PEDOT:PSS|composite| Al samples. The active composite film was deposited in vacuum by co-evaporation of 3,6-bis(5-(benzofuran-2-yl)thiophen-2-yl)-2,5-bis(2-ethylhexyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione (DPP(TBFu)2) and fullerene (C60). Additional DPP(TBFu)2:C60 composite films were studied by spectroscopy in the ultraviolet and visible region (UV-VIS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It was found that solvent annealing (SVA) of composite DPP(TBFu)2:C60 vacuum-deposited films with tetrahydrofuran vapors improves the solar cell parameters by increasing the efficiency more than tenfold. This could be related to the more homogenized structure of the SVA composite film, as observed by SEM. The increased light absorption, as shown by UV-VIS spectroscopy, around the peak at 350 nm contributed to the better SVA solar cell performance. Photogeneration in the samples follows a monomolecular mechanism.


This paper presents the test campaign concept and definition and the analysis of the recorded measurements. One of the most important systems in cars and trucks are brakes. The braking temperature on a lining surface can rise above 500°C. This shows how linings requirements are so strict and, what is more, continuously rising. Besides experimental tests, very supportive method for investigating processes which occur on the brake pad linings are numerical analyses. Experimental tests were conducted on the test machine called IL-68. The main component of IL-68 is so called frictional unit, which consists of: rotational head, which convey a shaft torque and where counter samples are placed and translational head, where samples of coatings are placed and pressed against counter samples. Due to the high rotational speeds and thus the rapid changes in temperature field, the infrared camera was used for testing. The paper presents results of analysis registered thermograms during the tests with different conditions. Furthermore, based on this testing machine, the numerical model was developed. In order to avoid resource demanding analyses only the frictional unit (described above) was taken into consideration. Firstly the geometrical model was performed thanks to CAD techniques, which in the next stage was a base for developing the finite element model. Material properties and boundary conditions exactly correspond to experimental tests. Computations were performed using a dynamic LS-Dyna code where heat generation was estimated assuming full (100%) conversion of mechanical work done by friction forces. Paper presents the results of dynamic thermomechanical analysis too and these results were compared with laboratory tests.


FIELD: mechanics. SUBSTANCE: this invention refers to the field of dispersal of one or more fluid mediums. There are several versions of invention implementation in which one or several fluid medium flows come in such a way that flow(s) of fluid medium impact thus providing dispersal of fluid medium. There are various devices and methods of dispersal, at that at least some of them ensure broad range between maximum and minimum quantity of dispersed fluid medium. Before dispersal cross-section of flows of fluid medium may be about 0.1 mm, and cross-section of resultant drops after dispersal may be about 0.01 mm. Mentioned method and spray nozzle may be used in system of mixing of fluid urea or liquid which may react with NOx like urea thus providing selective catalytic reduction with exhaust gases from combustion engine or gas turbine. EFFECT: enhancement of reliability of fluid medium dispersal in case of blockage of one of spray nozzles, and also diminishing of risk of agglutination in outlets. 34 cl, 9 dwg


The paper proposes a methodology based on multiple automated data sources for evaluating the effects of station layout, arriving traveller flows, and platform and on-board crowding on the distribution of boarding passengers in individual cars of a metro train. The methodology is applied to a case study for a sequence of stations in the Stockholm metro network. While train car loads are generally skewed towards the leading cars, results indicate that a crowded arriving train is associated with increasing boarding shares in the middle and rear cars. Moreover, higher platform crowding is found to have a positive significant effect on the boarding share in the middle car. We find that the boarding car distribution is also affected by the locations of entrances and the distribution of entering traveller flows. The insights may be used by transit planners and operators to increase the understanding of how passengers be-have under crowding conditions and identify the factors that affect travelers' metro car choice.


Background: Old unreduced knee dislocation is rare, which means the experience is still lacking about the best treatment options. Moreover, several surgical options for this condition are still lacking in peer-reviewed research. This is a case report of the treatment of a patient who had bilateral traumatic knee dislocations that were unreduced two months after injury.
Case Presentation: A 45-year-old man with bilateral traumatic unreduced knee dislocation came 2 months after injury. He had no active knee extension and was unable to walk. He underwent open reduction and external fixation. He had good range of motion (ROM) and painless walking in short term. After 5 years, he had acceptable ROM and painless walking, but x-rays showed persistent posterior subluxation of the left knee and some bone loss of the right tibia.
Conclusions: Open reduction, repair of torn ligaments, and external fixation was an effective treatment in regaining ROM and stability in a patient who had bilateral unreduced knee dislocations of two months duration. After five years, the patient had a satisfactory function, but radiographs showed persistent posterior subluxation of one knee and some bone loss of the tibia in the other.


Gallic acid and its derivatives are important materials in food,medicine and other industries. There was few gallic acid detected under the solid-state uncooked material fermentation using Aspergillus Niger B0201 as strain and gallnut as materials. However,it was feasible that gallic acid was prepared with tannase which was produced before under the solid-state uncooked material fermentation. The results suggested that 0.77g gallic acid was collected in the 100mL reaction mixture after reacting four hours. A two-stage production process of gallic acid with tannase from Aspergillus Niger was established.


Significant legal and policy reforms brought a degree of autonomy to the Indonesian province of Papua in 2001 in response to decades of low-level conflict in pursuit of its independence. Yet despite large-scale and regular disbursements of special autonomy funds and the implementation of development programmes at all levels of society, human development indicators in the province remain the lowest in Indonesia. It is likely that current data for these indicators overstate the level of development among indigenous communities as the human development index provides an average that combines data from the interior and highlands districts, which are predominantly populated by indigenous communities, and from the more developed coastal areas.


This paper discusses public perceptions of the environment and the impacts caused by motor vehicle traffic in urban areas. Many traffic management measures aimed at reducing individual car energy consumption may increase traffic flow on arterial roads. This can permit diversion of traffic from nearby streets but leads to increased problems on arterials. It is stressed that the issues of energy and pollution are at root dependent on cultural and political values and hence the resolution of these problems is not simply a technological question. Too little attention is normally paid to public attitudes and priorities. Methods of selecting major routes for development through traffic management techniques are discussed. The use of "environmental capacities" taking into account the factors of noise, safety, air pollution and pedestrian access to protect adjacent land uses is supported as a useful information basis for the development of area wide plans at the local level. The prospects of reducing environmental impacts concurrent with traffic management measures is discussed and some ideas from the community put forward (a). This paper is no 80030.


E-banking is still at infancy stage in India. It provides the wave for the future. The advent of Internet has initiated an electronic revolution in the global banking sector.  E-banking saves the precious time and energy of customers as they don't have to wait in long lines in front of banks to get their work done. It is easy as well as convenient to do transactions using e- banking. Due to e-banking, the banks are enjoying numerous advantages like wider and deeper reach to the customers, quicker time to market, ability to introduce new products and services quickly, greater customer loyalty etc.  Demand for financial services is changing rapidly and consumer behavior towards these things is also changing rapidly. Across the globe, countries have recognized Information and Communication Technology (ICT) as an effective tool in catalyzing the economic activity in efficient governance, and in developing human resources. The changes in technology make the customers to cope with the changing environment. The main aim of this paper is to highlight the benefits and challenges faced by e-banking activities in India. Keywords: e-banking, challenges, customer satisfaction, ATM's


ABSTRACT In September 2019, 16 children petitioned against Argentina, Brazil, France, Germany and Turkey before the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) in what has come to be known as the Sacchi case. The children requested that the UNCRC find that those States had caused and perpetuated climate change by knowingly disregarding scientific evidence, and that, in so doing, they had violated the children's human rights. In October 2021, the UNCRC dismissed the petition upon the grounds that it was inadmissible, as the petitioners had failed to exhaust domestic remedies. The Sacchi case gave rise to new challenges with regards to the admissibility of the decision: beyond the exhaustion of domestic remedies, the UNCRC had to grapple with the issue of victimhood in the context of climate change and extraterritorial climate obligations conferred to States in the Convention on the Rights of the Child. The Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights declared the Sacchi decision a 'historic ruling'. But did the UNCRC's conclusions in Sacchi truly break new ground? This article explores that question by examining the three admissibility criteria in turn: extraterritorial jurisdiction, victimhood, and the exhaustion of domestic remedies.


The invention pertains to the technical field of inorganic salt chemical industry, and in particular relates to a method for removing boron and iron from a saturated boron-bearing magnesium chloride solution. The method is a coordinate process integrating acidification and extraction which aims at solving the deficiency of the present process for removing boron and iron from the saturated boron-bearing magnesium chloride solution in salt lakes, and the technological process includes an acidification and boron extraction section, a filtration section, an extraction section and a reverse extraction section. The saturated boron-bearing magnesium chloride solution is taken as the raw material in the method, to which hydrochloric acid or sulfuric acid is added to acidify and precipitate boric acid, the remnant boric acid in the acidizing solution is extracted and removed by a mixed alcohol, the contents of B2O3 and Fe2O3 can be reduced to be less than 25mg/l, and the recovery ratio of boric acid reaches more than 99%; owing to the adoption of the mixed alcohol extraction technology, the method not only solves the problem of great extractant loss in the extraction method effectively, but also removes iron from the saturated magnesium chloride solution, and has the advantages of short technological process, simple operation and high yield.


1. In sea water diluted to a concentration 98 per cent to 94 per cent that of normal sea water, the eggs that responded showed acceleration of the first cleavage as high as 5.1 per cent of the normal time between insemination and cleavage. Eggs from some sea urchins did not respond, but none showed deceleration in this range of concentrations.2. In concentrations 92 per cent to 88 per cent, some sets of eggs were accelerated, while others were retarded. This reveals a threshold of antagonism between accelerating and decelerating effects.3. Concentrations 84 per cent and less always retarded, as did concentrations hypertonic to sea water.4. Sea water diluted with isotonic electrolyte or nonelectrolyte did not produce an acceleration.5. The response could be obtained with treatment begun shortly after entrance of the sperm, or as late as the diaster of the first cleavage. The latter indicates that the acceleration results in part, at least, from action upon some phase of mitosis.6. The second cleavage could...


Are there better ways to manage osteoarthritis? Stop seeing it as isolated acute episodes, says the head of the US Bone and Joint Initiative, and she tells how.


Abstract Background Antipsychotic choice for the acute phase of a first episode of psychosis (FEP) is of the utmost importance since it may influence long-term outcome. However, head-to-head comparisons between second-generation antipsychotics remain scarce. The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness in the short term of aripiprazole and risperidone after FEP outbreak. Methods From February 2011 to October 2018, a prospective, randomized, open-label study was undertaken. Two hundred-sixty-six first-episode drug-naïve patients were randomly assigned to aripiprazole (n = 136) or risperidone (n = 130) and followed-up for 12 weeks. The primary effectiveness measure was all-cause treatment discontinuation. In addition, an analysis based on intention-to-treat principle was conducted to assess clinical efficacy. Results The overall dropout rate at 12 weeks was small (6.39%). Effectiveness measures were similar between treatment arms as treatment discontinuation rates (χ 2 = 0,409; P = .522), and mean time to all-cause discontinuation (log rank χ 2 = −1.009; P = .316) showed no statistically significant differences. Despite no statistically significant differences between groups regarding clinical efficacy, aripiprazole required higher chlorpromazine equivalent dosage (χ 2 = 2.160; P = .032) and extended mean time (W = 8183.5; P = .008) to reach clinical response. Sex-related adverse events and rigidity were more frequent in the risperidone group, whereas sialorrhea was on the aripiprazole group. Conclusions No differences regarding effectiveness were found between aripiprazole and risperidone for the short-phase treatment of FEP. Despite the importance of efficacy during this phase, differences in side effect profiles and patient's preferences are essential factors that may lead clinical decisions for these patients. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02532491. Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antipsychotics in First Episode Psychosis Patients: 1-year Follow-up (PAFIP3_1Y).


Urethral duplications are rare lower urinary tract anomalies. Here we present an unusual presentation of urethral duplication in which, completely patent accessory urethra was coursing laterally on perianal region, near the anus, and presented as perianal fistula. A 2-month-old boy presented with discharge from the perianal region. On physical examination a fistula was observed on perianal region, in the 1 o'clock position and only 1 cm near the anus. Fistulography showed an opening to the prostatic urethra. The opening to the urethra was seen left superior part of the verumontanum on cystourethroscopy by giving methylene blue from the fistula.  The accessory urethra was dissected from the skin to the prostatic part of the orthotopic urethra and excised completely with anterior sagittal approach. His postoperative course was uneventful.  In unusual form of urethral duplications of Effmann Type IIA2, as in our case, orthotopic urethra is normal and ventral urethra opens to the perineum. It should be kept in mind that especially laterally placed ones can be misdiagnosed as anal fistula.


Much has been written elsewhere about how, different Information Technology tools, can in principle be used by groups or communities to make their web sites more effective for Continued Professional Development. In practice, complex use is not often the case. In particular, three sites were studied in Scotland, which provided web facilities for the over 60s. The sites, and the communities they served, used only simple Information Technology. Nevertheless, they enabled their communities to participate effectively, on the 'right side', of the European population's 'digital divide'.


In this paper we will present a detailed study of recursive least squares method, and then we choose an application of this algorithm to identify the parameters of the autoregressive model AR associated to the speech signal. The technique proposed here makes it possible to identify the parameters of the autoregressive moving average model ARMA with unbiased estimates, this method is based on the minimization of a quadratic criterion.


This history of health, illness, and medical care in one downstate Illinois county offers a richly detailed account, spanning more than a century of health care, from the perspectives of county residents, nurses, doctors, and public health professionals. Drawing on a wealth of oral history interviews, hospital records, and other primary documents, Lucinda McCray Beier provides insight into home management of ill health, birth, and death; nurses\u2019 training and practices; the experiences of African American healers and patients; public health provision; and other topics. By observing the history of medicine and public health through the eyes of practitioners and laypeople over an extended period in one Midwestern county, this volume offers insight into broad American experience as well as an important counterweight to metropolitan-oriented, physician-centered studies.


Objective To examine the changes in the prevalence rate,types and distribution of disability related to maternal and child safety among 0- 6 years old population from 1987 to 2006 in China.Methods Quantitative analyses were carried out based on the data from the two waves of National Sample Survey on Disability in 1987 and 2006 with SPSS 16.0 statistical software.The total number of eligible subjects was 206 160 in 1987 and 191 993 in 2006,respectively.Results The prevalence rate of disability related to maternal and child safety in 2006 was 7.86‰,higher than that in 1987(7.16‰),and the prevalence rates in the boys were significantly higher than those in the girls both in 1987(7.48‰ vs.6.66‰,χ2= 5.295;P = 0.022) and in 2006(8.55‰ vs.7.04‰,χ2= 13.835;P 0.001).The prevalence rate among the children in rural areas in 1987 was 7.62‰,and that in urban areas was 5.65‰,with a significant difference(χ2= 21.886,P 0.001),and the prevalence rate in rural areas was also significantly higher than that in the urban areas in 2006(8.55‰ vs.6.00‰,χ2= 31.298;P 0.001).Conclusion The disabilities related to maternal and child safety becomes a serious health problem and the adverse outcome of the disabilities is under the transition from mortality to living with disability during the 20 years in China.


In the description of electron spin obtained through the conventional Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics, the concrete picture of rotation was replaced by an abstract mathematical representation; visualization or visualisability was entirely lost. The work described here takes a step towards restoring this.


1 The adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is an acute lung inflammation developed after direct or indirect contact with pathogenic agents. In the present study, a mouse model was developed to mimic this condition using aerosolized bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and to investigate the mechanisms involved in the lung inflammatory response. 2 Inhalation of LPS led to a time and dose‐dependent increase in tumour necrosis factor‐α (TNF‐α) production and neutrophil recruitment into the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of Balb/c mice. Under the same conditions, neutrophil infiltration was also found in the BALF of the LPS‐sensitive mouse strain C3H/HeN, but was absent in the LPS‐resistant strain C3H/HeJ. Intranasal administration of murine recombinant TNF‐α also triggered neutrophil recruitment. 3 One hour after inhalation of LPS, half of the maximal level of TNF‐α was measured in the BALF, but only a few neutrophils were detected at this time. The peak TNF‐α concentration was reached at 3 h, when the neutrophil amount started to increase. At 24 h, maximal neutrophil number was found in the BALF and TNF‐α was no longer present. 4 Pretreatment of mice under different experimental conditions demonstrated that: (a) cycloheximide almost completely blocks both neutrophil recruitment and TNF‐α production; (b) anti TNF‐α antibodies block neutrophil recruitment; (c) indomethacin or aspirin enhance by two fold neutrophil recruitment; (d) indomethacin significantly increases TNF‐α production 1 h after inhalation of LPS; (e) dibutyryl cyclic AMP and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) block both neutrophil recruitment and TNF‐α production. 5 It is concluded that aerosolized LPS in mice triggers an acute lung inflammation which can be used as a potential model of inhalational ARDS and that, strategies leading to the elevation of cyclic AMP levels in vivo can be effective in modulating LPS‐induced TNF‐α synthesis and neutrophil recruitment.


Image: di14637 - Old Hebron School gutted by fire. Fire Companies from: Hebron, Burlington, Florence, Pt. Pleasant, responded to call at approximately 4:05 AM


PURPOSE: To provide a film hot molding apparatus for a blister packer, by which a sheet can be molded without extremely thinning the thickness of a pocket ceiling part of the sheet and the sheets can be overlapped without any warps. CONSTITUTION: A film F is sent out intermittently in synchronous with the open-and-close drive of the dies 5A, 5B of the hot molding apparatus, and is held and heated between the dies 5A, 5B. The heated film F is then fitted to the inner circumference of the pocket hole 52 of the molding die 5A and the portion of the film along the circumference is stretched to form a pocket. The hot molding apparatus comprises the molding die 5A provided with the pocket hole 52, the heating die 5B having a plug 58 for locally heating the pocket molding part of the film F, the plug 58 arranged in opposite to the pocket hole 52 of the molding die 5A, and a compressed air jetting mechanism 53a, 55c provided on the side of the molding die 5A and of the heating die 5B, respectively.


On the basis of analyzing the training objective and characteristics of the IOT major in colleges, the curri-culum system and structure of the major are presented, a more detailed envision is proposed focusing on the experimental teaching of the major of IOT in .


This paper studies the employment effects of the minimum wage using a novel empirical strategy which can allow the researcher to identify treatment effects when more than one control group is available but each such control group is imperfect. Expanding on previous researchers who have compared regions which increase the minimum wage with nearby regions which do not change the minimum wage, I compare border counties in which the minimum wage increases to the set of neighboring counties, the set of neighbor-of-neighboring counties, etc. The key innovation is to model the ratio of the bias of these comparisons. The model I select uses the relative similarity of control groups to the treated group on observables as a guide to their relative similarity on unobservables. Crucially, models of this type have a testable implication when there are enough control groups. Using data from the United States, I find that recent minimum wage increases have produced modest or zero disemployment effects for teenagers.


The countries at the center of this ongoing geopolitical contest are the People's Republic of China (hereafter referred to as China) and the United States (U.S.) and its allies. Since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, Oceania1 has become an arena where global powers have jostled to assert their influence. Since the beginning of the pandemic, metropolitan powers have used COVID-19-related assistance to increase and affirm their influence. [...]it discusses China's response to the pandemic in Oceania and the reactions of traditional development partners and Pacific Islanders. [...]it provides concluding remarks, highlighting the geopolitical implications of China's COVID-19 diplomacy.


Acces to financial institution is very important in developing microenterprises which dominate the overall enterprise sectors in Indonesia. In fact,the distribution of credit facilities for microenterprises are much less than for non-microenterprises. It is shown by the existing distribution of outstanding credit. Non-performing loan often becomes the reason to limit the distribution of credit for microenterprises. Nevertheless, the contribution of non-performing loan of microenterprises is much less than non-performing loan of non-microenterprises. The result shows that the proportion of distribution of outstanding credit and non-performing loan of microenterprises are much less than the proportion of distribution of outstanding credit and non-performing loan of non-microenterprises.


Flow rate, ramp (constant rate of temperature rise), and package density are recognized to be particularly important for obtaining uniform uptake in the package dyeing of acrylic fibre yarns. This paper is concerned with the contribution of these three parameters to levelness in this system. An attempt is made to define empirical mathematical relationships between these variables and the observed rate of dyeing, in order to be able to specify those values of these parameters which would be expected to give rise to unlevel dyeings.

Linear relationships were found between these parameters and the rate of exhaustion per circulation of the dyebath, expressed either as the overall rate or as separate rates for the two successive stages of the exhaustion process (attributed to adsorption at the surface of the fibre and diffusion into the interior). The equations relating rate of exhaustion to package density, ramp and the reciprocal of the rate of liquor flow can be combined into a single equation. This enables the relative effects of these variables to be calculated. For example, the equation can be used to decide which combination of ramp and flow rate will give a pre–determined rate of exhaustion by a package of given density. In a similar way, the corresponding equation relating the instrumental criterion of degree of unlevelness to package density, ramp and rate of flow forms a convenient means of predicting the effects that these three variables will have on the possibility that unlevel dyeing will occur.


The issues referring to Aids epidemiological aspects traditionally absent on the activities aimed at its prevention in educational surroundings - formal and non-formal- are quite important to guarantee a reflection about the vulnerability to HIV/ Aids far beyond the individual plan. A poppas for prevention activities - made out of the official data about the epidemic in Brazil - is presented here as a way to contribute to the  construction of knowledge concerning education approaches which can support the adoption of prevention attitudes relating to HIV/Aids.


Proton radiation therapy (PRT) is a standard treatment of uveal melanoma. PRT patients undergo implantation of ocular tantalum markers (OTMs) for treatment planning. Ultra‐high‐field MRI is a promising technique for 3D tumor visualization and PRT planning. This work examines MR safety and compatibility of OTMs at 7.0 Tesla.


CPAs get a tool to help them make their vision on reality. For those of you who believe time travel is impossible, more than 3,400 CPAs are willing to prove you wrong. These voyagers fast-forwarded to the future in the initial phase of the CPA Vision Process--a massive grass-roots effort by the accounting profession to reposition itself for the challenges it will face in the 21st century and the first time any American profession has engaged in a visioning project of such magnitude. Bound into this issue of the Journal is a special report, CPA Vision 2011 and Beyond: Focus on the Horizon, detailing why the process was launched and how the profession came together to identify an exciting and invigorating future for all CPAs. The report is not merely an after-the-fact account of what happened. It's a tool to help CPAs in all segments of the profession tackle a very different future and determine how they'll fit into it. WHY VISIONING? As the century concludes, it's clear that the massive changes in the business world will only accelerate as technological innovations, unexpected commercial alliances, industry transformations and a host of powerful social forces continue to permeate the global community. In this environment, the CPA profession has focused with objectivity and analytical insight on its own challenges: * The number of new non-CPA competitors not bound by the profession's code of ethics is increasing rapidly. * The perceived value of the corner-stones of the profession--audit and tax compliance--is declining. * The world is growing more borderless all the time and people all over are demanding new, more complex and real-time financial advice and services. * Fewer and fewer young people are selecting the CPA profession as their life's work. * Very few CPAs are aware of how diverse the members of the profession are in terms of skills, ideas and focus, and how much potential they represent. * Technological developments are rewriting the rules of business and threatening to leave behind all who do not stay current. THE PROFESSION RESPONDS Confronted with such issues, the profession could have chosen to wait and see what unfolded, carrying on business as usual. Instead, CPAs decided to embrace change and used the CPA Vision Process as the mechanism for creating a future in which they would be in a good position to turn the challenges of the new business world into opportunities. A coalition of the AICPA and CPA societies of all 50 states, Puerto Rico, Guam and the Virgin Islands spearheaded the process to come up with a realistic assessment of what the future is likely to hold for the profession and to define how CPAs can best maintain and expand their roles as leaders in commerce, business and finance. Phase 1 of the CPA Vision Process included * Research and development. * Future Forums. * The National Future Forum. * A transition to the strategic planning and implementation phase. Each stage led toward the ultimate goal of a Core Purpose and Vision Statement created by and for CPAs. REPLACING MYOPIA WITH FORESIGHT Research and Development. In this stage, the CPA Vision Process pinpointed the forces most likely to have an impact on the profession in the early part of the next century and divided them into six areas: political, economic, social, technological, human resources and regulatory. The first research was conducted to obtain a baseline snapshot of the profession today. Included were phone interviews and focus groups designed to elicit views about the CPA profession. A cross-section of CPAs, users of CPA services, leaders inside and outside the profession and students were contacted. Here is a sampling of the findings: * In focus groups held across the country and across all segments of the profession, CPAs affirm that trust, credibility, quality and flexibility are key elements of the CPA designation. …


A combined continuous-discontinuous framework for failure is presented. Continuous failure is described with a gradient enhanced damage model and discontinuous failure is introduced by adding discontinuities to finite elements through a node-based enhancement. The continuous model contains a length scale parameter which is identified by inverse techniques. In the identification procedure experimental and computational results of size effect tests are coupled. The need for using local and global data in the inverse analysis is stressed.


The four-level atomic system in inverted-Y configuration is investigated for large Kerr-nonlinearities. The cross-Kerr nonlinearities generated in such system can produce phase-shifts of order pi and can be used for realizing polarization quantum phase gates


Federal budget proposals would focus limited funds for waterways operations and maintenance (O&M) on projects that serve the greatest volume of commerce and would reduce funding for projects that do not meet a specified threshold. The author of this article points out that ranking waterways in terms of cargo ton-miles favors mainstem O&M projects. The author then notes that the new metric of system ton-miles, which measures a waterway's contribution to the whole system, reveals the commercial importance of tributary waterways, and is thus a better alternative for allocating O&M funds. Further discussion shows that the impact of a project in terms of transportation savings may be an even more appropriate measure in allocating funds to maintain the aging infrastructure.


WASlllNGTON, Dec. 14 (AP) Congress ",ns askod by the admln· Istratlon loday to a\lthorlze the sec· ond largest naval buJldlng program In the hlstol'y of the nation. It proposes the ultlma.te constru ction , at a cost of approximately ,725,000,000 of sevcnty-one wa.r vessels whlrh woul,l Include twentyfive additional light cruIsers, nln c destroyer leaders which arc practIcally the equivalent of scout cruI~el'" ; thirty-two submul'ines, an,l lIve all' cn.ft carricO's. Tho plan was transmitted 10 SpeaK el' Longworth by Rccrctary Wilbu r who said that h e had bcen Informed hy the tl h'ector of th e burl. get that tile "proposed legIslation Is not In conflict with the fInancial program" of the pl'csl(lcnt. The navul se 'l-etaI'Y sald lhat lhe new vessels would be constructed under the telws of the ,Vashln glon arms treaty and that In the event of another naval arms eon(cl'e nce the pr~slden t would be empowered, n hIs <l1 .CI'"Uon, to suspend In whole 01' In pa rt, the proposed can, stJ·lIclion. Chairman Rutlelof the house naval cOl1 lmlllee t1eclnr~d thaI Lhe navy In sub lllltling the program had nol RjI"riflNI I1ny dllt<, for its completion and that until thIs was done he pel-sonally wou ld uot vote for It.


Andrew J. Douglas teaches film and television courses at Northwestern University and Dominican University. He has written for the Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television, is a contributor to The Encyclopedia of Men and Masculinities, and has presented papers to the International Association of Media and History and the Society for Cinema and Media Studies. His current project is an analysis of masculine obesity in popular American film and television.


Many computer programs that are technically well designed fail to meet the human or organizational purposes they were expected to serve. Prevailing design methodologies stress either special technical devices or policies of involving people in the design of software they will use. Several user oriented design strategies and their limitations are discussed. An expanded conceptual framework which includes both the personal characteristics of designers and features of the organizational settings in which they work is presented. The framework is used to develop a set of policies for practit ioners to help foster the development of usercentered systems.


impetus as industrialization came to Europe in the nineteenth century. And of course, in the next century industrialized nations fought two of the greatest wars in history. The lessons of history, then, suggest that industrialization can inspire bellicose as much as pacifist tendencies. Howard never really provides much of an explanation for how or why industrialization must inevitably lead to an antimilitary spirit. The horrors and holocausts that accompanied industrialization he simply attributes to the "growing pains" of industrial societies (p. 1). For a man so keenly attuned to the force of ideas in history, Howard seems unnecessarily anxious to come up with a mechanistic, necessitarian explanation for attitude change. People in the developed world may have become disillusioned with war as they had become disillusioned with slavery. Because of unpleasant experiences with it and because of the machinations of skilled propagandists, they changed their minds about what they most valued and came increasingly to view war—at least war in the developed world—as immoral, uncivilized, disgusting, futile (particularly economically), and rather ridiculous. It is not at all clear they needed industrialization to come to that view.


Through the analyzing the special system background, the market environment as well as the supplement measure on the lacks of the solution to proxy, we find our market company's proxy question is extremely serious, even at an intensified condition.


If we are to ensure a promising future for gifted girls, we must first acknowledge and address the weaknesses in our system which impede their progress. The adolescent gifted girl is different than her traditional age cohort. Thus, it is imperative that educators recognize, encourage, and celebrate those differences that make gifted girls unique. The research illustrating the development of gifted girls is sparse although gifted girls comprise one-half of what is probably the most misunderstood and neglected group in our schools today (Kerr, 1985). An extensive longitudinal study of 1,528 "geniuses" conducted by Terman and Oden (1959) noted that a small proportion of women reaped the benefits of their intellectual capabilities. In more recent studies, it was found that gifted women were poorly paid, failed to realize their potential due to the socialization process, underesti mated their own ability, and grappled with the internal conflict of career versus family (Card, Steele, & Abeles, 1980; Groth, 1975; Kaufmann, 1981). According to Horner (1968), young women often do not develop their interests and explore their intellectual potential when competing against men. She called this "the motive to avoid success." This avoidance syndrome, found in achievement or iented situations, is due to women's fears of social rejection, since often it is not "ladylike" to be an intellectual (Clark, 1988). Such a conflict is largely a function of socialization due to gender. Parents teach girls to be yielding, selfless, accepting, and nurturing. Whereas, boys are brought up to be assertive, self-reliant, and defensive of their masculine beliefs (Bern, 1974; Sadker & Sadker , 1982). Girls, in their socialization of feminine characteristics are also covertly taught to discard the n o t i o n of r i s k t a k i n g , a n d independence. Thus, gifted girls often find themselves in conflict because femininity and giftedness are often viewed as incompatible characteristics. It is no wonder then, that the primary issues facing this group are drastic decreases in IQ scores, during adolescence, problems with selfconcept, and an underestimation of achievement-related behaviors. Despite the traditional rules where boys and girls are socialized according to masculine and feminine behaviors, Nielsen (1990) c o n t e n d s tha t androgyny or the convergence of masculine and feminine behaviors, would produce a better adjusted, more resilient, and emotionally healthier individual (Nielsen, 1990). Girls who do not follow the norm by prescribing to traditional sex role behavior, or who are androgynous, have higher intellectual ability than those who accept feminine sex role characteristics.


The technology of extracting crude polysaccharide from synnemata of Cordyceps cicadae culture was studied using single factor and orthogonal experiments. The biological activities of the crude polysaccharide were measured via the effect of polysaccharide on the lifespan of fruit flies and the SOD activity and MDA content in fruit flies. The results indicated that optimal extraction conditions included water to sample ratio at 20 ∶ 1,extraction time 2 h at 90℃ for twice,and precipitated by 70% ethanol for 24 h. The yield of crude polysaccharide was 8. 65%. The results demonstrated the crude polysaccharide could remarkably prolong the lifespan of female and male fruit flies for 18. 78% and26. 23%,respectively,compared with the average lifespan of their control groups. In addition,the crude polysaccharide could enhance the activity of SOD and reduce the MDA content in fruit flies.


IntelliJ IDEA was one of the first Java IDEs to cross the Refactoring Rubicon [1], by implementing the Extract Method refactoring for Java in early 2001. Since that time, IntelliJ IDEA has evolved greatly to support a wide array of refactorings for Java, cross-language refactoring and other advanced features. This paper gives an overview of the key architectural components of IntelliJ IDEA involved in implementing refactorings. It also describes some of the problems we're facing when implementing refactorings and possible directions for future development.


Coastal cities and towns are at risk from climate change and relative sea level rise (RSLR). There is uncertainty in how and when these will impact and how to adapt, meaning there is a need for flexible tools to help decision-making and decision-makers. Decision-makers have many available actions to respond to sea level rise and other coastal hazards, but there is uncertainty around which action to take in different situations and when is the best time to act. We use agent-based modelling (ABM) to investigate multi-hazard interaction and Dynamic Adaptive Pathways Planning (DAPP) to explore the impact of an applied DAPP to work with the deep uncertainty around urban coastal systems. We developed an ABM, which included five physical hazards, whose occurrence in time was influenced by six plausible future shared socio-economic pathway / representative concentration pathway (SSP/RCP) scenarios.


This article presents the results of a study of court judgments resulting from use of the oppression remedy by shareholders. Issues addressed include: trends in the use of the oppression remedy; the types of companies involved in oppression actions (private or public company; number of shareholders in the company); the allegations pleaded by plaintiffs; the remedy sought by plaintiffs; the remedy granted by courts; and the tests used by courts.


lthough the French fortifications known as the Maginot Line have been an enigma until recent years to professional and amateur historians alike, they were not a mystery to pre- Second World War German intelligence sources. In fact, despite the efforts of French intelligence to promote erroneous concepts of their fortified line, the Germans had managed to unravel many of the secrets of the Maginot fortifications long before the end of the 1930s. It was during World War II, however that the misconceptions about the Maginot Line became firmly entrenched. The famous German General Rommel, for instance, down-played their strength and importance when he jubilantly claimed he had passed through the feeble defenses of the Maginot Line. In reality he had not even come near it. Later, in 1944, those American soldiers who passed through some small field works of the Maginot Line confirmed Rommel's assessment. On the other hand, those who ran into German units ensconced in the Line's great forts, attested to, and even exaggerated, the Maginot Line's great strength. Long after the war many writers continued to include drawings and descriptions, some based on pre-war propaganda, of multi-level underground forts with large caliber weapons and underground railroads. Some of the these fantastic descriptions even include items like underground hangars! Most of these writers agree that the most serious weakness of these fortifications was their inability to fire to the rear and claim that this was the primary reason for their failure. Some historians also insist that France's defeat in 1940 was caused by excessive investment in these fortifications, when the creation of modern mechanized forces should have taken priority. In virtually all cases there is one element that stands out: the information presented demonstrates an almost total ignorance of what the Maginot Line actually was. It is important to correct this historical record through this brief primer, explain its form and function, and present a short operational history of the Maginot


This publication is a revision of Report of Investigations 5363, updated to reflect the improvement in fire protection at selected coal mines. It contains suggestions on what may be considered good fire protective equipment, suggested methods of organizing the attack on fires at various locations underground, and helpful hints on testing and evaluating fire-fighting facilities.


This bachelors thesis is concerned with the image of the Eastern Front of World War I in the German written Bohemian and Moravian literature on basis of three war novels and some other texts from this region from the interwar period. The aim of the thesis is to present the characteristics of the Eastern Front in the German written literature from Bohemia and Moravia, with emphasis on the environment description, contrast with the Western Front, portrayal of the enemy as well as the portayal of the own Austrian-Hungarian army. As a template for the analysis served the research of the contemporary World War I literature from the Weimar Republic.


In 1940, as the lines of communication between the Caribbean and Europe grew thinner and more stretched, the JamaicanW. Adolphe Roberts published the first history of the region as a whole (The Caribbean), sensing that what he called "our sea of destiny" connected the islands and rimlands to each other in ways ultimately more important than the Old World origins of many of their inhabitants and institutions. Roberts initiated a now illustrious synoptic historiographical tradition, one landmark of which is the six-volume unesco General History of the Caribbean (1997–2011). As always, literary history has lagged behind. In 1975 Roberto Márquez underlined the identity of the Caribbean "as an archipelago, as a specific world-historical setting and cultural-historical region of organically linked anddialectically interrelated societies," stating that "we desperately need ... nothing less than a comprehensive literary history of perhaps encyclopedic scope" (in Process of Unity in Caribbean Society [1983], pp. 96, 103). It took another 20 years for AHistory of Literature in the Caribbean (A. James Arnold [ed.], 3 vols., 1994–97) to appear, substantial if not quite encyclopedic. Now, of similar size and ambition, come the three volumes of Caribbean Literature in Transition. A team of six editors, led by Alison Don-


According to the requirements of contemporaneity nursing,we try to practise and explore the method of cultivation for humanistic diathesis of nursing students,such as set up the new curriculum,training,lecture,competition and game and so on.So as to rich the students humanistic feeling,enhance their competence of the kinds of diathesis and to meet the nursing requirement in the future.


Objective To demonstrate the effects of exercise intervention on physical fitness of mental disabled youth,and to provide bases for improving their physical constitution.Methods Eighty-seven mentally retarded young people were randomly divided into two groups,the indices were tested before and after exercise intervention.Results After 12 months exercise intervention,physical morphological indices were higher than the control(P0.05).There were statistical difference between two groups on physical function,grip and standing-for-jumping(P0.05) but no difference between eye-closed and single-legged standing or eye-open and single-legged standing.Conclusion The exercise intervention on the mentally retarded young people have the physical form of "stronger" trend,exercise intervention can significantly increase the physical functions,muscle strength and static balance ability of youth with mental retardation.


Psychology research identifies extraversion as the personality trait most closely associated with leadership. We examine executive extraversion, as measured by speech patterns during conference calls, and find extraverts experience significant career benefits. Specifically, controlling for executive and firm characteristics, including firm fixed effects, we find that extraverted CFOs and CEOs earn 6-11% higher salaries. Extraverted CFOs are more likely to be promoted to CEO, and extraverts become top executives at a younger age. Extraverted CEOs also serve on more outside boards and hold directorships at larger firms. Our findings highlight the role of personality traits in explaining executive career outcomes.


Measuring the thickness and the composition of precious metal thin films is a challenging task. Currently, the available techniques for thickness measurements are either destructive or need heavy assumptions on the nature of the sample, relying on information that are not always available with sufficient accuracy. In this paper we propose a new methodology based on X-ray microanalysis that can complement, with better lateral resolution, the use of X-ray Fluorescence, the most widely employed technique for measuring the thickness of electrodeposited coatings. The proposed method employs a combination of energy dispersive microanalysis spectra acquisition and Monte Carlo simulation. The effectiveness of the technique has been demonstrated by the measure of the thickness and the composition of a thin 24 kt gold electroplated film that contained small amount of nickel. Results have been validated by comparing data with those obtained by X-ray fluorescence and the scanning electron microscopy of metallographic cross-sections.


There are two .type of unicellular glands situated on both sides of oesophagus and aceta-bulum on the fore and middle body of the ceraria of Eurylrema coelomaticum. The ducts of these glands are grouped in four bundles, two on each lateral side of the body, another along both sides of oesophagus. They proceed forward and open to the stylet pocket. This paper reports the result of our histochemical studies to inquire into the nature of their composition and the role their secretions play in the life and behavior of the cercaria. The techniques used included methods such as Periodic-acid-Schiff (with and without amylase digestion) for carbohydrates; Mucicarmine for mucoprotcin; Alcianblue-PAS for acid mucopolysaccharide and neutral mucopolysaccharide; Mercurybromophenol-blue (HgBPB) for basic protein and Ninhydrin-Schiff for Protein-boundamino (HN2). The results obtained may be summarized as follows:(1) Four pairs of small unicellular glands situated on both sides of oesophagus of the E. coelomaticum cercaria are identified as penetration glands, while the other five larger unicellular pairs occupying the dorsal and lateral parts of the acetabulum are gland cells containing muco-substances.(2) The small penetration gland cells contain mainly protein-bound-amino(NHs) and neutral mucopolysaccharide. The large mucosubstance gland cells contain mainly acid mucopolysaccharide and mucoprotein.(3) Almost the whole content of mucosubstances gland cells of the cercariae are being secreted, while the daughter sporocysts are expelled from the snail-host to the outside air. The secretions of these larger gland cells when secreted become the protective covering of the cercariae, inside the inner cyst wall. The function of the mucosubstance is for protecting the cercariae to bridge over the atmospheric influences (perhaps to avoid drying) before the cercariae are ingested by the meadow grasshopper, Conocephalus maculatus. Its function is so significantly observed by the contracting movement of the inner sporocyst wall.(4) During the whole cercarial stage the small penetration gland cells can be observed to contain their glandular material while after their penetrating into the haemocoel, the material diminishes. They can only be seen occasionaly in some one-day old metacercariae. The mucosubstances in the larger gland cells can not be seen at all inside the body of the insect host.(5) In mature metacercariae of 25 to 30 days another kind of penetration gland cells emerge. These new glands occupying the area between the oral sucker and acetabulum of the metacercaria. They contain PAS positive materials. The phenomenon of excystation of the ine-tacercarial cyst has been observed in vitro, when the cysts were treated with trypsin for a few minutes. The process continue to work and in four hours the metacercariae were completely excysted. Although trypsin seem to activate the process, its presence only stimulates the activity of the metacercaria inducing it to secrete the contents of the penetration glands. Very fine granules were observed to come out from the gland ducts and gather at their tips. These granules can dissolve the cyst wall making a tunnel through which the metacercaria emerges.(6) The body wall of daughter sporocyst and some other organs of the cercaria were also observed. The outer walls contain mainly neutral mucopolysaceharide, inner walls contain mainly acid mucopolysaccharide and both have some protein substances. The genital primordia in cercaria and metacercaria contain much DNA and some protein bound amino (NH,)- The outer layer of body cells and oral and ventral suckers in cercaria and metacercaria both contain glycogen.


Notch signaling is essential to maintain skeletal muscle stem cells in quiescence. However, the precise roles of different Notch receptors are incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate a role for Notch3 (N3) in the self‐renewal of muscle stem cells. We found that N3 is active in quiescent C2C12 reserve cells (RCs), and N3 over‐expression and knockdown studies in C2C12 and primary satellite cells reveal a role in self‐renewal. The Notch ligand Delta‐like 4 (Dll4) is expressed by newly formed myotubes and interaction with this ligand is sufficient to maintain N3 activity in quiescent C2C12 RCs to prevent activation and progression into the cell cycle. Thus, our data suggest a model whereby during regeneration, expression of Dll4 by nascent muscle fibers triggers N3 signaling in associated muscle stem cells to recruit them to quiescence, thereby renewing the stem cell pool. Stem Cells 2018;36:458–466


We extend Lupas inequality for n -convex (n -concave) functions. As consequences some inequalities are derived. Mathematics subject classification (2010): 26D15, 26D10, 33C45.


We reexamine the problem of having nonconservative equatio ns of motion arise from the use of a variational principle. In partic ular, a formalism is developed that allows the inclusion of fractional deriva tives. This is done within the Lagrangian framework by treating the action as a V olterra series. It is then possible to derive two equations of motion, one of t hese is an advanced equation and the other is retarded.


The article is devoted to the peculiarities of presentation of the space category in folk texts. Taking as an example legends written on the territory of the South Urals the process of association of the real place (locos) with the general sense of this place (topos) is considered.


Through analyzing on the features of the digital resources and the traditional paper literatures, and connecting with the present situation of the literature resources construction of the library, this paper expounds the relation between the digital resources and the paper literatures in coexistent and complementation.


An eight-year-old female greater kudu ( Tragelaphus strepsiceros) was found dead in its exhibit at the Baton Rouge Zoo. No previous medical problems were noted. At necropsy, the kudu was pregnant with a full-term fetus. The left kidney had a firm, dark red, slightly raised, circular (2 cm in diameter) neoplasm in the outer cortex. On section it was more friable than normal and contained bloody areas of cavitation and necrosis (fig. 1). The rest of the kidney appeared paler than normal. The left caudal lung lobe had a firm white nodule 3 cm in diameter beneath the pleura of the dorsal aspect. There was moderate lysis of the articular cartilage of both femoral heads and acetabula and bony proliferation along the dorsal aspects of the necks of both femurs. Microscopically, the renal neoplasm was well encapsulated. It was composed of epithelial cells arranged into tubules, papilliform patterns or solid sheets (fig. 2) surrounded by fibrous connective tissue. In pockets within the neoplasm was a proteinaceous fluid that contained fibrin and erythrocytes. Neoplastic cells were slightly pleomorphic; most were cuboidal to polyhedral while those close to and invading the capsule were elongated and distorted. The neoplastic cells had a large, basilar placed, open-faced nucleus with a prominent nucleolus and large amounts of pale foamy cytoplasm which was vacuolated in the basilar region. Nuclear pleomorphism was common but mitotic figures were scant. The remaining renal cortex had evidence of moderate inflammation with interstitial fibrosis and multifocal accuH. W. CASEY, and G. J. PIRIE


Developmental disorders were assessed by use of Frog Embryo Teratogenesis Assay (FETAX) where the embryos were exposed to numerous nominal concentrations (3%, 6%, 7.5, 8, 10, 12%, and 20%) of conventionally treated bio- ethanol effluent for 96 hours in a static renewal regime. The number of dead larvae were recorded and removed after every 24 hours while the abnormalities were enumerated and the type of abnormalities described. The LC50, EC50 and TI were used to evaluate the toxicity of the effluent. Data analysis was done by use of two-way ANOVA and G test. The LC50-96-hr for bio-ethanol effluent was found to be 12.9% (95% CL 11.15 – 14.65The EC 50 96-h for the effluent was 11.38% (95% CL 9.01 – 13.75). The TI for the bio - ethanol effluent was 1.13. The abnormalities that were induced by the effluent included tail flexures, incomplete gut coil and pericardial abdominal and cardiac edema. Based on the TI value it was deduced that the effluent is embryolethal suggesting that they are co - effective teratogens.


We consider direct markets, pure exchange economies in which agents supply their time, when they are subject to location, time, and free disposal constraints. If agents' entire time endowment has to be devoted to the market (no freedisposal), such economies generate the entire class of TU-games, proving that every TU-game is a market game, and thus generalizing Shapley and Shubik's (1969) and Garratt and Qin's (2000) results. Markets in which free-disposal of time is possible (i.e., agents can be idle or devote part of their time to nonmarket activities) generate the class of monotonic TU-games.


Abstract Technological advances, such as telehealth, have been used to manage the multiple chronic conditions that impact over 25% of the US adult population. Technology-assisted communication (TAC) can help to bridge the gap in effective management of health conditions in the community by patients, informal caregivers, and healthcare providers, while emphasizing person-centered care. The purpose of this project was to develop a new theoretically-derived and evidence based subscale for the Preferences for Everyday Living Inventory (PELI) that addresses preferred TAC approaches for community-dwelling adults over the age of 50 years in the context of multiple chronic conditions (N=297). Results indicated that over 60% of older adults are satisfied with technology-based healthcare communications. In general, older adults in the sample are satisfied with all domains of technology-assisted communication that are asked within P-TAC, including timing, sending and receiving of information, and content of communications. Almost 80% (N=234) indicate that they are satisfied with the content of TAC. This research has lead to the development of assessment items that will allow providers to better assess and then integrate patient preferences for technology communication strategies into plans of care. Potential benefits of understanding preferences for TAC include alignment of chronic care management with preferred strategies which may lead to improvement care congruence and improved healthcare outcomes for the older adult.


dermatologists of Paris and Vienna, and has practised at home their plans of treatment. He describes four distinct diseases dependent on the presence of vegetable parasites, viz., favus; ringworm in its three forms-herpes tonsurans, herpes circinatus, and sycosis; alopecia areata ; and pityriasis versicolor. For the treatment of those occurring in hairy parts of the body, and originating in the hair or the hair follicles, he strongly recommends epilation ; and it seems to us discreditable that a plan so highly praised on the continent should be so little tried in this country, especially in such a disease as favus, which has generally been reckoned incurable. Having discussed the fungi, he treats us to a lively account of the animal parasites ; giving a sketch of the habits of the pediculus capitis, pediculus pubis, and pediculus corporis or vestimentorum ; and what we feel not the least important, describing the poisons best suited to their constitutions. He then describes scabies and its treatment. His descriptions of disease are clear ; his illustrations, some of them original, are very good ; his treatment judicious, founded, as we have said, on observation abroad and practice at home; and, on the whole, we can heartily recommend this work to those members of the profession who are not already acquainted with the views of continental dermatologists. We should be glad to see another work from Dr. Anderson on the other diseases of the skin, with which we do not doubt he is equally conversant.


The algebraic structure of the two-Skyrmion system is studied by using bosonic quantization of the rotation of the Skyrmion. The adiabatic interbaryonic potential is expressed in terms of boson operators and the large n (number of bosons) behavior is investigated. By identifying n with N/sub c/ (number of colors in quantum chromodynamics), 1/n correction terms for realistic n = N/sub c/ = 3 are studied.


In this study, the FORMOSAT-2 satellite data was used to estimate the bathymetry directly or through unsupervised classification first. Both the satellite retrieved water depths were corrected by the in-situ tidal data. The no-classified results show that more than 82% satellite-derived water depths have the error below 20% comparing with the in-situ data. Meanwhile, its root mean square error is 2.5 m. After classification, it is found that class 4 and 5 are located on the water region. Therefore, the retrieved water depth can be calculated just in class 4 and 5 regions. At class 4, there are 77% of data points having the error less than 20%. Its root mean square error is 2.7m. At class 5, more than 81% data points with the error below 20% and its root mean square error is 1.0m. The results indicate that the shallow water depth could be mapped accurately from FORMOSAT-2 image. Moreover, the satellite data has the potential to become an important tool for bathymetry map based on its spatial coverage, frequent interval, and safety.


The global economic crises have started to filter through the world shipping market, and freight rates for the dry bulk sector have been in plummeting decline. On demand side is the shrinking demand, while, on the supply side, many carriers are in dire financial straits as there are scores of new ships heading for delivery. In this paper, we give our explanation for the features of the dry bulk market. After the demand and supply analysis of the market, we conduct prediction of the demand trend in 2009 and 2010, and finally we present suggestions for dry bulk shipping companies to help them avoid risks in the current threatening market.


The invention discloses a three-dimensional reinforced hydrophobic rock wool insulation board which comprises a rock wool insulation board and is characterized in that high temperature resistance reinforcing fibers are arranged in the rock wool insulation board; the high temperature resistance reinforcing fibers are arranged in a three-dimensional mode; and a hydrophobic protection layer is also arranged on the outer surface of the rock wool insulation board. The tensile strengths of the rock wool insulation board disclosed by the invention in the directions of a horizontal board surface and a vertical board surface are greatly improved. Due to the hydrophobic protection layer, the waster absorption of the rock wool insulation board is reduced. The rock wool insulation board disclosed by the invention has the advantages of fire resistance, heat preservation, high tensile strength, low water absorption, excellent impact resistance and the like. The defects of performances of the existing rock wool insulation board are overcomes. Moreover, the three-dimensional reinforced hydrophobic rock wool insulation board accords with the national requirements on environment protection and energy saving and can be widely applied to the wall energy-saving insulation projects in the construction trades.


Bellevalia bayburtensis (Asparagaceae) is described and illustrated as a new species from Bayburt Province in northeastern Anatolia, Turkey. Diagnostic morphological characters, a full description, detailed illustrations, and a distribution map are provided . It is morphologically similar to B. rixii and B. paradoxa , but clearly differs from these species by the leaf shape, the bud and flower colour.


We introduce a genetic algorithm that designs quantum optics experiments for engineering quantum states with specific properties. Our algorithm is powerful and flexible, and can easily be modified to find methods of engineering states for a range of applications. Here we focus on quantum metrology. First, we consider the noise-free case, and use the algorithm to find quantum states with a large quantum Fisher information (QFI). We find methods, which only involve experimental elements that are available with current or near-future technology, for engineering quantum states with up to a 100 fold improvement over the best classical state, and a 20 fold improvement over the optimal Gaussian state. Such states are a superposition of the vacuum with a large number of photons (around 80), and can hence be seen as Schrödinger-cat-like states. We then apply the two most dominant noise sources in our setting—photon loss and imperfect heralding—and use the algorithm to find quantum states that still improve over the optimal Gaussian state with realistic levels of noise. This will open up experimental and technological work in using exotic non-Gaussian states for quantum-enhanced phase measurements. Finally, we use the Bayesian mean square error to look beyond the regime of validity of the QFI, finding quantum states with precision enhancements over the alternatives even when the experiment operates in the regime of limited data.


Global phase 3 trials have demonstrated the priority of several next‐generation anaplastic lymphoma kinase‐tyrosine kinase inhibitors (ALK‐TKIs). However, clinical studies are conducted with specific populations that differ from the real world. The study aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of alectinib in real‐world settings. Patients with advanced nonsmall‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and EML4‐ALK fusion were enrolled from two medical centers between June 2018 and June 2020. The primary endpoints were objective response rate (ORR) and progression‐free survival (PFS) to alectinib. The secondary endpoint was response of brain metastases. The risk factors for disease progression were also investigated. In total, 127 patients with advanced NSCLC were enrolled into this study. Of them, 54.3% received first‐line alectinib. The 1‐ and 2‐year PFS rates were 77.4% and 68.3%, respectively. ORR and disease control rate (DCR) were 53.5% and 91.3%, respectively. Among patients with brain metastases, intracranial ORR and DCR were 63.6% and 88.6%, respectively. In addition, we found that "crizotinib pretreatment", "liver metastasis" and "TP53 co‐mutation" were individually associated with shorter PFS in alectinib treatment. In conclusion, this study confirms the salient clinical outcomes of alectinib for ALK‐fusion‐driven NSCLC patients with or without brain metastases, adding real‐world evidence to the priority of alectinib in clinical practice.


Proposed automatically avoid address conflicts on the time when establishing a secure communications link between the local and remote computers located outside the local network associated with a local network via a public network systems and related methods. To avoid address conflicts, address and the address used by the remote network used by the local network retained retained is determined. Selecting at least one local address from a valid local address to the local address so the selected address that does not conflict with the reserved addresses of the local network and the remote network addresses reserved. The selected address is bound to establish a secure communications link between the local and remote computers is used.


Introduction The possibility that chemical vapors and gases encountered in industry may produce significant effects on olfactory acuity has long been considered. Certain compounds, the most notable being hydrogen sulfide, are known to produce olfactory fatigue of a temporary nature. Relatively few studies of chronic effect have been published. 1-3 Perhaps part of the scarcity of studies is explained by the difficulties encountered in obtaining objective measurements of the sense of smell. Proetz 4 described in 1941 an olfactory test utilizing serial dilutions of phenol in liquid petrolatum (Mineral Oil). Fordyce 5 recently evaluated this method of testing and found it adaptable to industrial environments, having a satisfactory degree of reproducibility under field testing conditions. Utilizing Proetz's general approach, an investigation of olfactory acuity in a significantly large group of industrial workers was undertaken by the author. Five hundred subjects were drawn from the population of a petrochemical plant in


We performed Monte-Carlo simulations of X-ray interactions and charge transport within a photon counting CZT detector. We study various physical processes affecting the width and shape of detected pulses and find that the energy resolution depends on the pulse width variance. A major impact factor is the splitting of pulses due to the simultaneous creation of two or more charge clouds by K-fluorescence. In consequence, measured energies are underestimated dependent on the timing constants of detector and electronics.


The 3‐Decomposition Conjecture states that every connected cubic graph can be decomposed into a spanning tree, a 2‐regular subgraph and a matching. We show that this conjecture holds for the class of connected plane cubic graphs.


Microbiological corrosion occurring in drinking water distribution system can lead to the quality deterioration of potable water.Therefore,the growth characteristics of iron bacteria in the drinking water distribution system of a city were investigated.The amounts of iron bacteria in the distribution system water and the water from each treatment processes were determined by Most Probable Number(MPN) and Plate Counts methods.The results show that the amounts of iron bacteria in the distribution system water are between 0 and 107 CFU/mL,and the iron bacteria are found in the water from each treatment processes;the amounts of iron bacteria do not correlate with the temperature and distance of the pipeline,and there is a significant negative correlation between the amounts and the residual chlorine;the amounts of iron bacteria have a correlation with particulate iron,but no correlation with total iron and dissolved iron in the distribution system water.


Through wall imaging (TWI) is one of the applications of ultra wideband (UWB) that attracts recent interests for its capability to penetrate the common wall materials. However, in the multi targets imaging scenario, false imaging is a crucial problem leading to the failure of imaging and generating the false target. This paper proposes a two-step imaging method for UWB TWI and analyzes the imaging resolution. The proposed imaging method theoretically solves the problem during the imaging processing. Based on the proposed method, imaging resolution for TWI is analyzed and derived. The results show that the imaging resolution is directly decided by the imaging system time resolution and the imaging method. So it is concluded that the imaging signal with good time resolution, such as UWB short pulse, will result in a good imaging resolution.


In this paper, root of Cunninghamia lanceolata have been determined by steam distilations, in which the essential oil amounts to 1.9%-2.3%. The essential oil with specific mass 0.858 0-0.871 0, refractive index (20deg C) 1.474 5, specific rotatory power +0.5°, also have been determined by classical ways. Chemical constituents of the essential oil from the root of Cunninghamia lanceolata analysed by the aid of GC, GC/MS/DS, IR, NMR and other methods are reported, 52 components have been identified. The principal constituents of the essential oil were cedar camphor (39.48%), alpha-pinene, limonene, p-cymene, alpha-terpineol, alpha-cedrene, alpha-acorene, beta-elemene etc. The total content of the above 52 compounds is 96.87% of the essential oil.


A wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) based multicasting protocol for a single-hop broadcast-and-select local lightwave network is proposed. The approach employs a control-channel-based media-access protocol that schedules multicast packets while incorporating arbitrary transceiver tuning times and propagation delays. An arbitrary number of data channels (W) supply communication bandwidth to N nodes, where N/spl ges/W. An additional control channel is used for synchronization and scheduling. Each node is equipped with one fixed transmitter and one fixed receiver on the control channel, as well as one tunable (wavelength-agile) transmitter and one or more tunable receivers for data channel access. Results suggest the WDM single-hop multicasting experiences very good performance when multicast size is either small or very large, or when nodes are equipped with multiple receivers.


No ordinary muscle opens superstition's nest or miscarries of simulacrum, nettles one's metaphysics or splits nude orphans merrily on Sunday nor on Mondays or swings numbskull over metempsychotic owls, slaying netherworld's odious monarch. Of such noble's oddity may oesophagus sputter nothing obscene, may only see neurotic ordeal's magnetism. Our soul's natural opportunism mocks overwrought self, nods off, makes overtures, simpers now or mumbles opprobrious soliloquy. No other mind offers such nemesis or matches our slippery nourishment of moldy onion substances, nauseous oncogenic messes, on sight. Nurseling of mob obliges, strums notes on mankind's organs, steadily nudging our memories of swift nothings, of mutiny, of soaring naked over mimetic origins, sleeping nights on maelstrom or sipping neutered oyster milk.


(57) Abstract: gas processing device A product the apparatus, products and housing, and a conveyor belt for transporting the products, and a tunnel surrounding the conveyor belt, a gas, in the form of jets of gas relies has towards the gas circulation means to pass the return the channel to the outside of the tunnel, and the gas circulation means communicating with the tunnel via a wall portion which has been subjected to perforation, and a gas adjusting means for adjusting the gas. At least a portion of the substantially vertical connecting walls of the high pressure chamber can be moved to provide internal access of the high pressure chamber. Furthermore, at least one of both side walls of the housing along the high pressure chamber, in order to enlarge the space between the at least one wall and the high pressure chamber can be moved.


A water gauge sealing structure of an electric kettle comprises a kettle body, a water gauge and a handle, wherein a seal ring is arranged between the kettle body and the water gauge. The water gauge sealing structure of the electric kettle is characterized in that more than one water gauge hole communicated with the water gauge is formed in the kettle body, the seal ring is assembled between the water gauge and the water gauge hole, and the handle is assembled on the outer side of the water gauge in a sleeved mode. The water gauge is provided with a hollow installation column matched with the water gauge hole in assembling, and at least one installation column is arranged on the lower portion of the water gauge. The installation column is inserted into the seal ring, and the seal ring is in press fitting with the water gauge hole. According to the water gauge sealing structure of the electric kettle, the installation column is matched with the seal ring and the water gauge hole, the internal of the kettle body and the internal of the water gauge are communicated, and the seal ring is sealed in the water gauge hole in an extruded mode; and meanwhile the water gauge is embedded in the handle. The water gauge sealing structure of the electric kettle is simple and reasonable in structure, convenient to install, attractive and elegant on the whole, and suitable for products with large size changes in kettle bodies.


OBJECTIVE To study the influence of film coating process on the controlled-release charater of salbutamol sulfate pellets. METHODS The coated pellets were prepared with ethylcellulose dispersion (Surelease) in different coating process, dissolution profiles of the coated pellets were determined by HPLC and the cross section of the films observed with microscopy. RESULTS The films obtained with atomizing pressure 2.0 bar and product temperature 33℃-38℃ could be the best,with dissolution profiles being very close to the dissolution criteria. CONCLUSION The process parameters make a relatively important influence on the quality of coated film. It is necessary to set up a set of precious process parameters for production.


The current work proposes a new (3 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation ((3 + 1)-KPE). We verify the integrability of this equation using the Painlevé analysis (PA). The bilinear formula is applied to the extended KPE to explore multiple-soliton solutions. Also, we formally establish a class of lump solutions using distinct values of the parameters.


ObjectiveThe purpose of this study is to describe the pregnancy outcomes for premature rupture of fetal membranes.Methods The causes,labor way and cesarean section indication of premature rupture of fetal membranes were retrospectively reviewed in 100 cases with incomplete pregnancy.Results In 100 cases of premature rupture of fetal membranes,the leading cause was unknown cause(45.00%),the second was with history of abortion and induced labor(23.00%),the third was breech presentation(19.00%);of the 68 cases underwent vaginal delivery and 32 cases underwent cesarean section.In 32 cases undergone cesarean section,of the 15 cases(46.88%) were found with fetal distress,11 cases(34.88%) with breech presentation.Of the 23 cases with 28~33~(+6) weeks' gestation,22 newborns were survival,of the 14 cases were associated with various complication;of the 77 cases with 34~36~(+6) weeks' gestation,79 newborns survived,of the 20 cases were associated with various complication,in comparison of the above data between these two gestational groups,there was statistical significance of difference,P0.01.Conclusion The causes of premature rupture of fetal membranes should be addressed,and the routine obstetric examination should be done before pregnancy,and avoid multi-abortion and multi-induced labor,the gynecological condition should be under consideration for labor way,once fetal distress occurred,the cesarean section should be performed.To facilitate the fetal lung maturity before 34 weeks' gestation and to prolong the gestational age can reduce the incidence of neonatal complications.


Objectives: To study the frequency and mortality of hepatitis B and C negative chronic liver disease (CLD) at a rural tertiary centre in Pakistan. Methodology: Data was collected retrospectively from the case notes of all the 176 patients consecutively admitted with advanced CLD in our medical ward during one year period. Patients, who were seropositive for hepatitis B and / or C, were separated from those who were negative for them, and the data was analysed. Results: Thirty five patients (20%) were negative for both viral markers. They were more likely to die during the admission than those who were seropositive (11% VS 25% - p = 0.029). Conclusions: A significant proportion of patients with CLD are negative for viral markers. These patients are at higher risk of mortality, and need testing for other causes of CLD as some of them may benefit from curative treatments available.


A central presupposition of our culture is that the description and explanation of physical reality is a respectable and worthwhile enterprise – an enterprise that we call "science." Science is supposed to be characterized by precision and the absence of ambiguity, and the language of science is assumed to be correspondingly precise and unambiguous – in short, literal. For this reason, literal language has often been thought the most appropriate tool for the objective characterization of reality. For example, in early twentieth-century Western philosophy a tacit belief in the privileged status of literal language was an important underlying assumption of picture theories of meaning (e.g., Russell, 1956; Wittgenstein, 1921/1961). This belief reached a peak in the doctrine of logical positivism, so pervasive amongst philosophers and scientists sixty years ago. A basic notion of positivism was that reality could be precisely described through the medium of language in a manner that was clear, unambiguous, and, in principle, testable – reality could, and should, be literally describable. Other uses of language were meaningless for they violated this empiricist criterion of meaning. During the heyday of logical positivism, literal language reigned supreme. A different approach is possible, however, an approach in which any truly veridical epistemological access to reality is denied. The central idea of this approach is that cognition is the result of mental construction . Knowledge of reality, whether occasioned by perception, language, or memory, necessitates going beyond the information given.


The behavior of stationary equilibrium solutions to the MHD equations possessing a well-defined symmetry to perturbations lacking that symmetry is explored. Two distinct situations of astrophysical interest are considered: solutions of the magnetostatic equations and of the magnetoconvection equations. The results show that in these cases changes in solution topology are not accessible to small-parameter (epsilon) expansions, so that such expansions do not describe the full range of behavior. In particular, finite-amplitude perturbations can lead to new stationary solutions possessing different symmetries from the initial solution.


The multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method is employed to calculate the continuum electron wave functions, which are then used to estimate their contribution to the atomic electric dipole moment (EDM) of 129Xe. The EDM arises from (P,T)-odd electron-nucleon tensor-pseudotensor and pseudoscalar-scalar interactions, the nuclear Schiff moment, the interaction of the electron electric dipole moment with nuclear magnetic moments, and atomic electric dipole matrix elements. In addition to being estimated in the continuum states, all of these interactions are also estimated in the ground state, as well as in the Rydberg states of 129Xe. Calculations of one-electron atomic orbitals include the interelectronic interactions, through valence and core-valence electron correlation effects. The contribution to the EDM from continuum states is found to be of the same order of magnitude as the contribution from discrete states.


During the first third of the twentieth century, innovators and developers of modern dance evolved exercise systems, established schools, and published books on dancing illustrated by numerous photographs. Some of the books are by dancer-authors: Isadora Duncan, Raymond Duncan, Mary Beegle, Helen Moller, Margaret H'Doubler, Eleanor Elder, and Margaret Morris. These media - books and photographs - are also used by art critics, Charles Caffin and John E. Crawford Flitch and photographer, Arnold Genthe in books on dancing and dancers during this period; analysis of their works adds other dimensions to this study. The social, political, and cultural movements for radical utopianism, idealization of nature, rational recreation, anti-Victorianism, and the adulation of ancient Greek culture contribute to understanding the forces which influenced the newly emerging art forms of modern dance and photography.


A tendon-driven robotic mechanism to work with persons co-operatively in the same area is investigated. The mechanism is driven by tendons that are more than the number of degrees of freedom and have non-linear elasticity. It has the advantage of the joint compliance adjustability. This is realized by the tendon redundancy. On the other hand, it has the disadvantage of the breakage of tendons. This makes it difficult to assure the safety of persons working co-operatively with it. But the tendon redundancy also allow us to compensate this disadvantage.This paper describes a method to cope with the tendon breakage for a tendon-driven robotic mechanism. After the basic results for the mechanism are introduced briefly, the degree of safety is defined as the maximum number of tendons allowed to be broken simultaneously without losing the control. Some results are shown with respect to the degree of safety. These are useful to design a tendon-driven robotic mechanism. Next, a method to compensate for the loss of tendon forces of broken tendons with the other tendons is discussed. It allows us safety are broken down simultaneously. Finally, simulation results are given to show the effect of the method.


The performance of the pedagogical professional nowadays has been going beyond the limits traditionally established by the walls of schools, going beyond these, and becoming necessary in all spaces where teaching and learning take place, whether formal or non-formal. Under this threshold, the study has as main objective to identify the knowledge that these students present about the possibilities of performance attributed to the professional trained in pedagogy. To carry out this investigation, it was methodologically defined, through the adoption of bibliographic and field research with a qualitative character. Would the young graduates of the pedagogy course have ownership over their future professional areas? In this article, it is proposed to discuss this issue, presenting in its body two sections: in the first, a literature review is made, briefly describing the origin and consolidation of the pedagogy course in Brazil and the construction of its identity. In the second section, some fragments and procedures of an interview carried out in the investigative process of the construction of a Master's Dissertation on the choice of the pedagogy course are presented. In this regard, it is evident the lack of knowledge that they have about the spaces of performance of this education professional.


The solute structures of highly concentrated aqueous 5.087 and 2.744 mol dm−3 MnBr2, and 4.744 and 2.732 mol dm−3 MnCl2 solutions were determined by the analysis of the radial-distribution function curves of X-ray diffraction experiments. Mixed-ligand aquahalogenomanganese(II) complexes were found to be present in these solutions, holding a distorted octahedral geometry. The interatomic distances of the aquabromo complex are 2.178–2.184 A for Mn–OH2 and 2.596–2.643 A for Mn–Br; those of the aquachloro complex are 2.183–2.185 A for Mn–OH2 and 2.492–2.496 A for Mn–Cl. The interatomic distances of Mn–OH2 are shorter than those of the MnBr2·4H2O and MnCl2·4H2O crystals and are consistent with those of the Mn(OH2)6(NO3)2 crystal. The length of the Mn–Cl bond here determined is practically the same as that within the MnCl2·4H2O crystal, but the Mn–Br bond found is shorter than that within the MnBr2·4H2O crystal. The average coordination number of the Mn–Br contact per Mn(II) increased from 1.104 to 1.212 with a...


In this paper we describe the structure and the software of the RoboCup Humanoid Kid Size division team Bold Hearts. We discuss the construction and the aspects of our software architecture, enlightening our solutions to important problems such as the action selection, vision, stability, and sensorimotor modeling. Finally, we provide an overview of the relevant experience and achievements of our team.