Abstract : Gas-liquid scattering experiments were used to investigate the uptake of HCl and HBr, the evaporation of water, and the hydrolysis of N2O5 in sulfuric acid coated with the soluble surfactants n-butanol and n-hexanol under atmospheric conditions. The experiments show that HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced by butanol and hexanol films, water evaporation is unimpeded, and N2O5 hydrolysis is reduced by twofold. This reduction likely occurs because N2O5 is a large molecule whose transport is impeded by the butyl and hexyl chains covering the acid surface. In contrast, HCl and HBr uptake is enhanced because they are smaller molecules that penetrate through the alkyl chains and dissociate by protonating the OH groups of interfacial butanol and hexanol molecules. The hydrolysis of N2O5 is the most important heterogeneous reaction in the atmosphere governing the depletion of ozone. The results suggest that this hydrolysis is overestimated in regions of the upper troposphere where small organic surfactants are present in high enough concentration to coat the surface of sulfuric acid aerosols.


The main ports in the world have torn down their walls and become open to cities. However, Valparaiso's hills and downtown strip have lost their opportunit...


Variation in environmental conditions during the Quaternary period served as important fi lters for the maintenance of vegetation types and for determining the composition of the current biota. We analyzed oscillations in the distributions of diff erent vegetation types in Brazil during the Quaternary period using species of the genus Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) because of the vast heterogeneity of habitats in which they occur. We hypothesized that it would be possible to observe geographically distinct distribution patterns of species of Erythroxylum as a result of the climate changes that occurred during the last glacial maximum (LGM) and in the last interglacial period (LIG) of the Pleistocene. We used bioclimatic variables to elaborate distribution models of 11 species under three scenarios: the current climate, LGM, and LIG. We found four plant distribution patterns in humid and semiarid climates. During the LIG, humid patterns were restricted to northeastern and central-western Brazil, while semiarid conditions maintained plant distributions in the same regions of Brazil where they occur today, although with additionanl occurrences in the northern and central-western portions of that country. During the LGM, all distribution patterns exhibited extensions towards the coast due to the exposure of the continental shelf.


Integrating nanometer sized pores into low-k ILD films is one of the approaches to lower the RC signal delay and thus help sustain the continued scaling of micro-electronic devices. While increasing porosity of porous dielectrics lowers the dielectric constant (k), it also creates many reliability and implementation issues. One of the problems is the little understood metal ion diffusion and drift in porous media. Here, we present a rigorous simulation method of Cu diffusion based on Master equation with elementary jump probabilities within the contiguous dielectric film, along the pore boundary, from the dielectric matrix to the pore boundary, and from the pore boundary to the matrix material. In view of the diffusional jump distance being as large as 2 nm, the nano-pores being on a similar length scale, and the film thickness being only a few tens of nanometers, the conventional diffusion equation in differential equation form is grossly inadequate and elementary jump frequencies are required for a proper description of the Cu diffusion in porous dielectric. The present atomistic approach allows a consistent implementation of Cu ion drift in electric field by lowering and raising of the diffusion barriers along the field direction. This will help understand the behavior of Cu interconnects under thermal or electric stress at an atomistic level. Another approach to lower the increasing RC delays is to bring memory and logic closer by integrating memory in the BEOL. Resistive RAM is one such memory is not transistor based and thus, does not require a silicon substrate. Thus, it offers the possibility of integration directly into the back-end reducing memory to logic distance from 1000s of μm to a 10s of nm. This 3D integration also allows for increased density as well. However, one barrier in implementation of RRAM in the back end is the use of expensive as well as non-BEOL native material in conventional Cu/TaOx/Pt resistive devices. In this thesis, we present our research about functionality of RRAM with porous low-k dielectrics (which are candidate for CMOS ILD), and


We have proposed that galaxy formation is catalyzed by the collision of infalling and outstreaming particles from leaky, horizonless "black" holes. This gives an estimate of the local ( z ∼ 0) disk galaxy scale length as ℓ ∼ ( πa 20 ρ H ) − 1 ≃ 3 . 2 kpc, where a 0 is the Bohr radius and ρ H ∼ 1m − 3 is the density of atomic hydrogen in the proto-galactic region. This formula is in good agreement with observation, and suggests that the scale size of galaxies is fundamentally a property of atomic hydrogen. In the early universe at redshift z ≃ 11, this formula predicts a very small disk galaxy scale length of 3200 / (12 3 ) ∼ 2 pc, which corresponds to galaxies seen as single pixels in the James Webb Space Telescope. With this prediction in mind, we suggest a possible method for estimating the diameter of sub-pixel sized galaxies by observing their transit between adjacent pixels. this mechanism give to with


This paper provides an efficient and simple approach towards real-time speed estimation of on road vehicles for surveillance applications. In the presented method, videos are supposed to be captured with a stationary camera mounted on a two-lane road and there is no need for the camera to be calibrated. The algorithm has two main phases, in the first phase there is an interactive procedure in which lane borders and real world distances are defined just once at the beginning. Then, based on the already received information, two rectangular ROIs are defined for each lane. In the second phase, approximate binary mask of the foreground is created differencing the two consecutive frames. Eventually, calculating centroids and the norm values of the binary mask in the ROIs, algorithm can compute the time that it takes each vehicle to pass between the two aforementioned lines and thus, average speed can be computed. In short, although the algorithm of this paper is simple, it is real-time and efficient, and its implementation doesn't require any specific hardware. The average error of speed estimation is ±3km/h and the detection accuracy is 83 %.


—Semantic communication is viewed as a revolution- ary paradigm that can potentially transform how we design and operate wireless communication systems. However, despite a recent surge of research activities in this area, remarkably, the research landscape is still limited in at least three ways. First, the very definition of a "semantic communication system" remains ambiguous, and it differs from one work to another. Second, there is a lack of fundamental and scalable frameworks for building next-generation semantic communication networks based on rigorous and well-defined technical foundations. Third, the question of what a "semantic representation" means, and on how this representation can be used to instill meaning, significance, and structure to every information transfer over a wireless network remain unanswered. In this tutorial, we present the first rigorous and holistic vision of an end-to-end semantic communication network that is founded on novel concepts from artificial intelligence (AI), causal reasoning, transfer learning, and minimum description length theory. We first discuss how the design of semantic communication networks requires a move from data- driven and information-driven AI-augmented networks, in which wireless networks remain "tied" to data, towards knowledge- driven and reasoning-driven AI-native networks in which wireless networks are AI-native and can perform versatile logic. We then distinguish the concept of semantic communications from several other approaches that have been conflated with it. For instance, we opine that effectively and efficiently building next-generation semantic communication networks must go beyond: a) creating a new type of encoder and decoder at the transmitter/receiver side, and b) designing a new "AI for wireless" framework in which AI is used to extract some application features or to fine tune a wireless protocol or algorithm. Then, we identify the main tenets that are needed to build an end-to-end semantic communication network. Among those building blocks of a semantic communication networks, we highlight the necessity of creating semantic representations of


Background: South Africa reported a new variant of SARS-CoV-2, named 'Omicron,' to the World Health Organization on November 24, 2021. Scientometric analysis quantify all currently available written communication, the authors of that communication, and their citation analysis. The study's goal was to use the Scopus and Web of Science databases to look at the research metrics of Omicron publications published between January 1965 and March 2020.
Methods: All scientific research outputs with the word 'Omicron' in the title were retrieved from the Web of Science (January 1965 to March 2022) and Scopus (January 1896 to March 2022) databases on April 10, 2022. The data was analyzed based on year-wise publications; leading authors; predominant journals in publishing, highly cited articles with citations; type of publications; subject classification, frequently used keywords, geographical distribution of publication, language, and more contributed institutions.
Results: There were 1229 research outputs for WoS and 655 from Scopus. The number of publications for WoS increased from 22 in 1965 to 265 in 2022, while Scopus increased from 1 in 1896 to 356 in 2022. Both the databases identified the author Yuen KY as the highest contributor; Journal of Virology and Nature as the predominant journals; the Lancet as highly cited journal; majority as original articles; frequently used keywords as 'SARS-CoV-2'; the United States of America as the most productive country; majority publication in English. The publications were mainly on the subjects Chemistry and Medicine by WoS and Scopus, respectively. The most productive institute was the 'University of California Systems' by WoS and the 'University of Hong Kong' by Scopus.
Conclusion: The term 'Omicron' first appeared in the domain of Chemistry in the late 18th century. The growth pattern of publication was not consistent. The above research metrics will be helpful to researchers in the coming days.


The problem of quantum fluctuations of the chiral condensate due to next-to-leading contributions is investigated. Meson contributions to the chiral condensate are calculated in the Nambu–JonaLasinio model with the analytical (dimensional) regularization in a framework of the mean-field expansion. The pion contribution can be significant, while the sigma-meson contribution is small in the regime of physical values of the model parameters. Non-pole contributions are also estimated and found to be small. Introduction and Summary The Nambu–Jona-Lasinio model (NJL) is a successful effective model of quantum chromodynamics of light hadrons in the non-perturbative region (See [1, 2] for reviews). In the majority of investigations the NJl model have been considered in the mean-field approximation. The successes in phenomenological applications have stimulated an analysis of a structure of the NJL model beyond the mean-field approximation, i.e., in the next-to-leading orders of mean-field expansion. Such analysis is necessary for a clarification of the region of applicability for results and its stability with regard to a variation of parameters and quantum fluctuations due to higher-order effects. In this talk I report some results of the investigation of the NJL model with the dimensional (analytical) regularization in the next-to-leading order of the mean-field expansion. Due to non-renormalizability a regularization is an essential aspect of the NJL model. In contrast to renormalized models, a parameter of regularization in the NJL model enters the physical quantities and it is one of essential parameters of the model. For this reason the least common regularization for NJL model is a dimensional regularization, since the parameter of dimensional regularization traditionally is treated as a deviation on the physical dimension of a space and does not permit any physical interpretation in this treatment. However, an alternative treatment of the dimensional regularization exists – as a variant of an analytical regularization. In this treatment all calculations are made in the four-dimensional Euclidean momentum space, and the regularization parameter is treated as a power of a weight function, which regularize divergent integrals. Such treatment of the dimensional regularization have been developed and applied to the NJL model in the mean-field approximation by Krewald and Nakayama [3]. A possible treatment of the parameter of this analytical regularization is some power of a gluon influence on the effective four-fermion quark self-action of the NJL model. Section 1 is based on results of R. Jafarov and myself [4] and is devoted to calculations of meson contributions to the quark chiral condensate of the NJL model. The pion contribution is significant, and at a bound of admissible values of the model parameters it tends to infinity, i.e., the model is unstable with respect to quantum fluctuations near this bound. For physical values of the parameters this contribution is 10 ÷ 20% of the leading contribution. The sigma-meson contribution is small for admissible values of the parameter. In Section 2 non-pole contributions to the chiral condensate are estimated. These contributions are found to be small. Also in this section the interesting phenomenon of a cancellation in the scalar amplitude is discussed: at some value of the analytic regularization parameter almost all contributions to the scalar amplitude are cancelled. This effect leads to a "disappearance" of the sigma-meson from the spectrum of the analytically regularized NJL model. Quite briefly our result can be formulated as a following statement: the analytically regularized NJL model does not contain for physical values of parameters any pathological quantum fluctuations, Talk given at XVII International Workshop on High Energy Physics and Quantum Field Theory (QFTHEP'2003), Samara–Saratov, 4-11 Sept. 2003 e-mail: email@example.com


This paper sought to identify incidence of Automatic Teller Machines (ATM) service failures and evaluated customers coping strategies. Primary data were collected with structured questionnaire from 200 respondents. Convenience sampling technique was adopted for sample collection. The collected data were analyzed with mean and standard deviation. The result shows that ATM inability to issue receipt was considered the highest indicator of service failure while 20% of the respondents choose not to take any action, 46% took only private action and 24% of the respondents applied a combination of these strategic options in dealing with ATM service failures. This paper therefore recommends that customers need adequate information about their rights and should appropriately demand for it, banks management should be alive to their responsibilities of delivery quality services while banks regulatory agencies should not hesitate to impose penalties on any erring bank that continually deliver substandard services to her customers.


Vocabulary plays a very important and strong role in language acquisition. Students whose English is not their native language might meet difficulties in learning it without sufficient practices. However, English songs which pay several effects to young adults or students' lives might be one of the beneficial sources in their vocabulary enrichment. Considering the students' perception in this case is important since they are the main subjects of the learning. Therefore, the research was conducted to find out the perceptions of the students on the role of Popular English songs to their vocabulary enrichment. The research had 100 high school students from grade 10 and grade 11 as the participants. A questionnaire consisted of twenty close-ended questions and an interview were the instruments used by the researcher. The findings showed that the students give positive response and perceptions on the role of popular English songs in their vocabulary enrichment. They believe that popular English songs have a good impact on their vocabulary enrichment along with its pronunciation, understanding of meaning as well as the retention.


Mast cells are present in connective tissue throughout the body. Their name was taken from the German masten (to feed) when their cytoplasmic granules were believed to be products of phagocytosis. In fact, the granules are composed of complex macromolecules of many biologically active substances formed by intracellular synthesis, which are released into the extracellular space when "degranulation" occurs in response to immunological and histochemical


The purpose of the study was to identify views of Slovenian midwifery students about menstruation. We were interested in whether opinions about menstruation change during the study of midwifery and whether perceptions are affected by a midwifery philosophy that promotes the physiology of female reproduction. We used a descriptive and causal non-experimental empirical method with a literature review of professional and scientific references as a first step. Findings were upgraded with quantitative findings. Descriptive statistics were performed; statistically significant differences were determined by χ2 -test and Kullback 2Î test. A high proportion of respondents reported negative feelings about menarche, however they were currently in general positive towards menstruation; third-year students were more positive than first-year students. Compared with past Slovenian studies, performed in the general population of students, midwifery students show more open attitudes regarding menstruation, which may partially be the result of promoting a physiological view on menstruation and reproduction throughout the study programme. Based on our results we conclude that the socialisation processes that occurs during professional midwifery education should promote and encourage a midwifery model of care which is based on respect for the intricacy of physiology; in this case the menstrual and reproductive cycle. Midwifery study programmes that enable practical training in settings that promote physiological birth promote better midwifery philosophy about the physiology of female reproductive cycles; therefore these students take a more physiological view of menstruation.


We present the coupled channel model of the scalar isovector resonance photoproduction including the πη , KK and πη ′ channels and calculate resulting mass distribution and the cross section in the πη channel. We show that the shape of this mass distribution, is strongly affected by the phase of background amplitude. We also discuss the effect of inclusion the πη ′ channel on the overall isovector photoproduction process.


AIM
Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) is an important palliative treatment for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) who are poor candidates for surgery or percutaneous ablative therapy. It generally takes 4 wk after lipiodol-TAE to properly assess lipiodol retention on computed tomography (CT). HBV DNA is integrated into the genome of HCC cells, and circulating plasma DNA may serve as a marker for cell damage. We assessed changes in plasma HBV DNA after TAE in HBV-related HCC and correlated the levels with the pattern of lipiodol accumulation on CT.

METHODS
Between April and June 2001, 14 patients with HBV-associated HCC who underwent TAE for inoperable or recurrent tumor were studied. Levels of plasma HBV DNA were measured by real-time quantitative PCR daily for five consecutive days after TAE. More than twofold elevation of circulating HBV DNA was considered as a definite elevation. Abdominal CT was performed 1-2 mo after TAE for the measurement of lipiodol retention.

RESULTS
Circulating HBV DNA in 10 out of 13 patients was elevated after TAE, except for one patient whose plasma HBV DNA was undetectable before and after TAE. In group I patients (n = 6), the HBV DNA elevation persisted for more than 2 d, while in group II (n = 7), the HBV DNA elevation only appeared for 1 d or did not reach a definite elevation. There were no significant differences in age or tumor size between the two groups. Patients in group I had significantly better lipiodol retention (79.31+/-28.79%) on subsequent abdominal CT than group II (18.43+/-10.61%) (P = 0.02).

CONCLUSION
Patients with durable HBV DNA elevation for more than 2 d correlated with good lipiodol retention measured 1 mo later, while others associated with poor lipiodol retention. Thus, circulating HBV DNA may be an early indicator of the success or failure of TAE.


The complexity of modern digital components and devices as objects of diagnosis, in most cases, makes it impossible for experts to synthesize tests manually in the time allowed to solve the problem of organizing diagnostic tests. This determines the relevance of the development and implementation of intelligent methods and tools for automated synthesis of test sequences. One of the promising options for the synthesis and optimization of discrete tests is the solution of this problem based on the theory of evolution or genetic algorithms. The paper describes an algorithm for the synthesis of discrete tests using genetic algorithms. The algorithm of realization of diagnostic experiment contains stages of formation of initial population, crossing, processing of the received results and check of a condition of a stop of work of genetic algorithm. The main characteristics of the algorithm: the type of evolutionary algorithms used – hybrid; method of generating binary words of chromosome codes by crossing operator from values of diagnostic vectors of elementary tests; the method of selection of applicants for crossing – proportional, based on the probability function of fitness and the control operator of the compatibility assessment; type of crossover operator – uniform; the method of forming a new generation – the descendants of crosses of individuals based on the results of proportional selection and elitistly selected individuals that do not allow crossings under the control operator of compatibility assessment; the main way to stop the evolutionary algorithm – the loss of the ability to implement crossings of individuals in the resulting generation; additional (possible) ways to stop the algorithm – limiting the execution time or the number of iterations (generated generations).


We report on a method for fabricating balanced hole and electron transport in ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the co-evaporation of zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its fluorinated derivative (F8ZnPc). The semiconducting behaviour of the OFET can be tuned continuously from unipolar p-type, with a hole mobility in the range of (1.7 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm2/Vs, to unipolar n-type, with an electron mobility of (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm2/Vs. Devices of the pristine ZnPc and F8ZnPc show a current on/off ratio of 105. By co-evaporating the p-type ZnPc with the n-type F8ZnPc, we fabricate ambipolar transistors and complementary-like voltage inverters. For the ambipolar devices, the optimum balance between the hole and electron mobilities is found for the blend of 1:1.5 weight ratio with hole and electron mobilities of (8.3 ± 0.2) × 10−7 cm2/Vs and (5.5 ± 0.1) × 10−7 cm2/Vs, respectively. Finally we demonstrate application of the ambipolar devices in a complementary-like voltage inverter circuit with the performance comparable to an inverter based on separate ZnPc and F8ZnPc OFETs.We report on a method for fabricating balanced hole and electron transport in ambipolar organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) based on the co-evaporation of zinc-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) and its fluorinated derivative (F8ZnPc). The semiconducting behaviour of the OFET can be tuned continuously from unipolar p-type, with a hole mobility in the range of (1.7 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm2/Vs, to unipolar n-type, with an electron mobility of (1.0 ± 0.1) × 10−4 cm2/Vs. Devices of the pristine ZnPc and F8ZnPc show a current on/off ratio of 105. By co-evaporating the p-type ZnPc with the n-type F8ZnPc, we fabricate ambipolar transistors and complementary-like voltage inverters. For the ambipolar devices, the optimum balance between the hole and electron mobilities is found for the blend of 1:1.5 weight ratio with hole and electron mobilities of (8.3 ± 0.2) × 10−7 cm2/Vs and (5.5 ± 0.1) × 10−7 cm2/Vs, respectively. Finally we demonstrate application of the ambipolar devices in a complementary-like voltage inverter circuit wi...


A process of cryogenic polishing without abrasive to get the atom-level super-smooth surface was introduced.A model for the machining area was proposed,the horizontal relative movement between the ice plate and the parts plate was analyzed. With the Preston equation,the polishing uniformity was analyzed and simulated.The results show that the polishing uniformity is better when the rotate speed of parts plate is near that of the ice plate,and the eccentricity between the ice plate and the parts plate is larger.


Introduction: The development of the next generation of Martian missions requires a suitable simulant that best represents dust and soils that exists on the Martian surface so engineering and scientific studies can be preformed in terrestrial laboratories. The current Mars simulant of choice is JSC MARS-1 soil simulant, developed in 1998, which is the <1mm size fraction of altered volcanic ash from a Hawaiian cinder cone. This simulant closely matches the reflectance spectra and some other properties of the martian soil [1], however, weathering processes have created a clay-like particle morphology that makes it very hygroscopic. It has a relatively large volatile composition (7.8 wt% at 100°C to 21.1 wt% at 600°C) compared to Viking data (0.1-1 wt% at 500°C). The chemical composition varies from recent MER APXS data [2, 3]. Finally, the grain size fraction is 5 wt% for sizes 52-5 μm and <1 wt% for <5μm is greater then what is expected on Mars. MMS Description: We have developed the Mojave Martian Simulant (MMS). The bulk component of the MMS is found naturally as whole-rocks and processed into either finely crushed or sorted granular basalt with only slight surface weathering. The crushing process creates materials with coarse-angular particles, which along with the lack of extensive weathering makes it inert to hygroscopic reactivity. Dependent on the desired testing, researchers have the option of using the rock or mixing various chemical components of the crushed rock to mimic desired characteristics of Martian regolith and permafrost. Geologic Setting: MMS originates from the Saddleback volcanic formation located in the Western Mojave Desert near the town of Boron, California. A series of Miocene era (~19my) flows originating from the Saddleback Mountain as well as various vents and fissures in the immediate area produced the basalt beds. At the collection area, pebbles to basaltic boulders, are found naturally bedded with the sedimentary rocks of the Miocene Tropico group and become dominant at the upper elevations of Saddleback Mountain and the surrounding buttes. A separate volcanic event produced a cinder cone feature just northwest of Saddleback Mountain. The red color of the cinder makes it distinguishable from the darker basalts in the area (Fig 1). Mineralogy We obtained XRD data of both the coarse and bag house dust material (Fig 2), as well as reflectance data (Fig 3). Size fraction The particle size distribution in the Martian regolith has not been fully characterized as of yet. For particles above 100 microns, results from the MER MI indicate a distribution of soil sizes between 1 and 2 mm. During the Viking lander mission, drift of the very fine material on the surface indicates a size range between 0.1 to 10 micrometers while the blocky material that did not drift has a 0.1 microns to 1.5 mm size range [4, 5]. There is also a component of very fine grained dust which is suspended in the atmosphere that based on atmospheric observations is found to be on the order of 1.5 to 2 microns [6-9]. Two of the basalt products, the MMS Coarse and the MMS fine are graded materials. After crushing, the materials are processed to meet a particular particle size. The MMS dust and MMS Cinder are poorly sorted materials. We used the Wentworth Scale for determining the particle size definitions. While the shape of the MMS is jagged and less weathered, than the assumed platy-rounded and ellipsoidal shapes, modified by either aqueous or aeolian processes of martian material [10], the size distribution of the MMS Dust is a good match to the Martian dust (Fig 4) Volatile content The volatile composition was determined by heating ~10 g of two different samples to 100°C and 500 °C for 1 hour. The MMS dust lost 2% of mass at 100°C and 7.3% at 500°C, while the cinder lost 0.6% and 3.3% respectively. This compares to the loss measured by Viking of 0.1% and 1% respecTable 1Soil mechanical properties of MMS compared to martian soil Pathfinder site [12] c (kPa) % H2O Typical Range


This paper proposes the derivation of a physics-based model of an analog memristive device realized as a bi-layer Al2 O3/NB2 O5 stack. Memristive crossbar arrays implementing matrix-vector multiplications are a central building block of novel computing-in-memory architectures for artificial neural network and neuromorphic computing applications. The presented memristor shows analog, multi-level switching at high resistances without electroforming and is suitable for crossbar operations with low energy consumption. By including a graphical analysis method of the I-V curves obtained in a quasi-static approach, the dynamic behavior is analyzed with regard to ohmic and Poole-Frenkel behavior. Finally, a compact model, represented by an algebraic differential equation, is proposed and verified by fitting calculated solutions to experimental data.


Objective To investigate the mechanism of action for drug resistance gene in carbostyril resistance es cherichia coli from clinical isolates in our hospital.Methods That escherichia coli strain separated from clinic were selected,susceptibility test for carbostyril were detected with disk diffusion method,drug-resistance bacteria were sieve and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) were detected.The qnrA,qnrB,aac-(6 ')-IB-cr,GyrA and ParC gene were detected and taken gene sequencing in drug-resistance bacteria.Results 24 of 84 strains of escherichia coli from clinical isolates was drug fast for carbostyril,drug fast rate was 28.4%,including 2 strains of escherichia coli drug fast for a type antibiotic,6 strain of drug fast escherichia coli for three type antibiotic,14 strains of escherichia coli drug fast for five type antibiotic,in 24 strains of drug-resistance bacteria,MIC of drug-resistance bacteria in crease 148~596 to control strain,there were 12 strain that found qnrA plasmid gene,4strain that found qnrB plasmid gene,4strain that found aac-(6')-IB-cr plasmid gene,11 strain that found GyrA gene mutation and 4 strain that de tected ParC gene mutation.Conclusion There are some drug-resistance bacteria strain in our hospital,and mechanism of drug resistance was complicate,drug resistance gene and gene enzyme mutation was major reason,detecting for drug-resistance bacteria strain will be strengthen in clinic.


We discuss how position-correlation and momentum-correlation between twin photons govern the key features of quantum imaging with undetected photons, an imaging scheme in which the photon illuminating the object is not detected.


The level of competition in view of the financial performance of Deposit Money Banks (DMBs) between the periods of 2009 to 2018 was investigated. To measure competition, a four-firm Concentration ratio (CR4) and Herfindal-Hirschman Index (HHI) were used. To denote the percentage of market share that the individual bank has relative to the market size, the HHI and CR4 were computed from the individual bank's return on assets relative to the total assets of all the Deposit Money Banks in Nigeria. Simple arithmetic from excel workbook was done to estimate the competition indices (HHI and CR4). Data were obtained from the annual financial statement of the selected 15 deposit money banks in Nigeria. Descriptive statistics were used to show the trends of the top four (4) Concentration ratio (CR4) and Herfindal-Hirschman Index (HHI). It was also used to identify the characteristics of the Herfindal Hirschman Index (HHI) and Concentration Ratio CR of the Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). The descriptive statistics provide the summary statistics such as average value (mean), minimum and maximum values, median and standard deviation. The results indicated a high level of competition among the deposit money banks, and the banking industry was found to be highly competitive between the period of year 2009 and 2018.


Localized wave-induced resonances are created by microwaves launched directly into a multicusp (MC) plasma device in the k ⊥ B mode, where k is the wave vector and B is the static magnetic field. The resonance zone is identified as upper hybrid resonance (UHR), and lies r = ∼22 mm away from the MC boundary. Measurement of radial wave electric field intensity confirms the right hand cutoff of the wave (r = 22.5–32.1 mm) located near the UHR zone. A sharp rise in the corresponding electron temperature in the resonance region by ∼13 eV from its value away from resonance at r = 0, is favorable for the generation of vibrationally excited molecules of hydrogen. A transverse magnetic filter allows cold electrons (∼1–2 eV) to pass into the downstream region where they generate negative ions by dissociative attachment. Measurements of electron energy distribution function (EEDF) support the viewpoint. H− current density of ∼0.26 mA/cm2 is obtained at a wave power density of ∼3 W/cm2 at 2.0 mTorr pressure, which ag...


Thanks to the Zeeman effect and the saturation absorption spectroscopic technique, magnetically induced sub-Doppler dichroism has been experimentally demonstrated in a cesium vapor cell. A dispersion-like frequency-discriminating signal is obtained by this sub-Doppler dichroism. The phase-sensitive detection via lock-in is no longer required because there is no frequency dither on the laser. A grating-external-cavity 852 nm diode laser is frequency-stabilized to cesium 6 2S1/2 F = 4–6 2P3/2 F' = 4, 5 crossover by this modulation-free locking scheme. Compared with a frequency fluctuation of approximately 12 MHz under free-running conditions, a typical frequency jitter of less than +/- 260 kHz in 50 s was estimated in the preliminary stabilization. This locking scheme is relatively simple, and it can avoid extra noise due to the direct frequency dither on the laser source in the conventional saturation absorption locking technique.


This paper discusses the role of the REpresentational State Transfer (REST) architectural style in the development of distributed applications. It also gives an overview of how RESTful implementations of distributed business processes and structures can be supported by a framework such as Restfulie.


New drugs for osteoporosis continue to be developed as the drug industry recognizes the increasing elderly population. Methods of treatment for osteoporosis differ according to the cause of the osteoporosis in each individual. To carry out appropriate treatment, nurses need to know the types of osteoporosis and their predisposing factors.


Samples of pure iron buried in MgO castable bonded by microsilica in graphite crucible were heated at 1600℃ for 3 h. The steel samples were investigated by SEM and EDS. It can be seen that MgO·Al_2O_3 inclusion formed in the steel. The paper investigated the formation procedure of MgO·Al_2O_3 inclusion in the steel via the thermodynamics analysis and the result shows that MgO·Al_2O_3 can be formed in the steel even with less Al content.


Objective To determine the expression of aquaporin3(AQP-3) in the Adult-rats'Skeletal Muscle.for the thorough discussion the expression of AQP in rat skeletal muscle swelling state and physiological role laying the foundation.Methods About 200 mg muscle tissue(8 cases) were collected from rats'left hind limb lateral quadriceps femoris muscle group.The expression of AQP-3 was detected by real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot.Results Real-time quantitative PCR showed AQP-3 mRNA was expressed in skeletal muscle.Western blot revealed there was a specific band at the site of around 36KD.Conclusion The expression of AQP-3 in rats'keletal muscle suggest that it may be involved in the liquid balance of muscle tissue,and play an important role in maintaining muscle tissue of normal physiological function,in the pathogenesis of traumatic muscle swelling.


Abstract This paper deals with the shear stress analysis of engineering beams with uniform cross-sections using finite-element method. The analysis is based on special finite elements whose properties, like stiffness matrices as well as load vectors, are derived on the basis of their axial nodal displacements. From geometrical point of view these elements are three-dimensional, but according to the strain or stress tensor, they are two-dimensional. The aforesaid stress analysis is independent of the cross-sectional shape and the material properties. These elements are subjected to shearing stress analysis due to St. Venant's torsion and due to loading of a beam by shear forces. Stiffness matrices and load vectors are derived in general forms and a closed form can be easily obtained. The material is assumed to be isotropic and linearly elastic. The proposed procedure can be applied in analysis, such as, marine, airplane, vessel structures, etc. Based on this procedure, a computer program has been developed. For justification of the proposed stress analysis as well as its accuracy, for examples are presented. A comparison with analytical and other numerical solutions is also provided.


With the rise of deep learning, the end-to-end speech recognition model has received increasing attention. Currently, the performance of the end-to-end speech recognition model has been further updated on basis of on the proposal of the Conformer Framework, which has been widely used in the field of speech recognition. However, these models perform poorly on edge hardware due to large memory and computation requirements. This paper compresses the model by exploring the application of knowledge distillation in end-to-end speech recognition based on Conformer. By combining with the network structure of the model, the training loss function is redefined, and on this basis, the influence of different temperatures on the performance of the student model in knowledge distillation is explored.


Abstract: The Kantian concept of self-legislation plays a central role in Robert Pippin's influential interpretation of Hegel's theory of freedom. I isolate two competing notions of freedom present within Pippin's own specification of the concept: freedom as reflective transparency and freedom as self-identification with one's deeds. The former is compatible with Hegel's own quasi-Spinozist conception of freedom and allows for historical conceptual change. It is also consistent with Pippin's truly Hegelian contention that the justification of "modern ethical life" must assume the form of a historical, developmental account, and that a plurality of our moral and social attachments can be integral to our freedom. The ideal of self-identification. however, and Pippin's development of it in terms of self-legislation and a theory of the normative social conditions of rational agency, involves a dichotomous conception of freedom that is incompatible with Hegel's. Pippin's ultimate privileging of self-legislation thus introduces a tension into his account and prevents him from achieving his distinctly Hegelian ambitions.


Five children are described in whom genu varum was associated with widening of the lateral segment of epiphyseal growth plates at the knees. The proximal end of one tibia was involved in three cases and the distal end of one femur in two. This finding is thought to represent an epiphyseal diastasis caused by the low grade chronic stress of the bow leg deformity.


A novel series of 1-(3-arylsydnon-4-yl)-3-(5-aryloxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol)-2-propen-1-one derivatives were synthesized by reacting different acetyl sydnone with various pyrazole aldehyde. The structures of the newly synthesized compounds were elucidated by spectral, analytical and X-ray crystallographic study. The newly synthesized compounds were also screened for their antioxidant property.


The unprecedented increase in road user's costs in terms of excessive delay at Unity/Taiwo and Old Yidi/Ta iwo intersections in Ilorin demanded a traffic control scheme. Hence, a thorough study of traffic, roadway conditions and the type of controls designed were based on the results of the study for the closely-spaced intersections. Closely spaced intersections by definitions are very near to each other such that the traffic flow at one intersection is influenced by the closeness of the other. In the course of the study, the level of service of the two traffic warden-controlled intersections were analysed. Achievement of the study and design include: establishing the delay, analysis of the traffic and physical characteristics; improving the level of service from D to A (848 pcu/hr) and B (1094 pcu/hr) for Unity/Taiwo and Old Yidi/Taiwo intersections respectively; design of geometric characteristic: design of co-ordinated traffic signals to minimize accident rates and excessive delay.


The psychology and aesthetics of the Book of Job permeate the play and in the most memorable moments, Hamlet channels Job. In their critical tributes, Bloom and Greenblatt celebrate Shakespeare in ways that uncannily describe the author of Job. This chapter examines the Book of Job according to the criteria these leading Renaissance scholars use to argue Shakespeare's singularity as a dramatist, as well as criteria articulated by an earlier scholar, who examined Shakespearean soliloquies. Shakespeare's characters, in Bloom's eyes, also stand out in literature as "extraordinary instances" of "how new modes of consciousness come into being". Job's fierce intellectual and spiritual wrestling gives way to a compendium of rhetorical questions, first posed by Elihu and then by God, which dramatically alter the course of the story. Bloom makes an interesting case that Hamlet is not the victim of human circumstances bu.Keywords: Bloom; Hamlet channels Job; Shakespearean subjectivity


In recent years, H2 activation at non-transition-metal centers has met with increasing attention. Here, a system in which H2 is activated and transferred to aldimines and ketimines using substoichiometric amounts of lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide is reported. Notably, the reaction tolerates the presence of acidic protons in the α-position. Mechanistic investigations indicated that the reaction proceeds via a lithium hydride intermediate as the actual reductant.


Objectives The effect of a herbal medicine, Sho‐seiryu‐to (TJ‐19), on oleic acid‐induced lung injury, an animal model of acute respiratory distress syndrome or acute lung injury (ARDS/ALI), was examined.


Faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling is a promising non-orthogonal transmission technique to considerably improve the spectral efficiency. This paper presents the first attempt in the literature to estimate the transmit data symbols of any high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) FTN signaling in polynomial time complexity. In particular, we propose a generalized approach to model the finite alphabet of any high-orderQAMconstellation as a high degree polynomial constraint. Then, we formulate the high-order QAM FTN signaling sequence estimation problem as a non-convex optimization problem. As an example of a high-order QAM, we consider 16-QAM FTN signaling and then transform the high degree polynomial constraint, with the help of auxiliary variables, to multiple quadratic constraints. Such transformation allows us to propose a generalized approach semidefinite relaxation (SDR)-based sequence estimation (GASDRSE) technique to efficiently provide a sub-optimal solution to the NP-hard non-convex FTN detection problem, with polynomial time complexity. For the particular case of 16-QAM FTN signaling, we additionally propose a sequence estimation technique based on concepts from the set theory. We show that the set theory SDR-based sequence estimation (STSDRSE) technique is of lower complexity when compared with the proposed GASDRSE. Simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed GASDRSE and STSDRSE techniques in increasing the data rate and spectral efficiency of 16-QAM FTN signaling, without increasing the bit-error-rate, the bandwidth, or the data symbols energy, when compared with the Nyquist signaling.


Introduction Renal hyperparathyroidism is a major clinical problem resulting in elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels. This condition is often called secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT), although the parathyroid cells changed their secretion of PTH from a secondary (reactive) pattern to a primary (autonomous) pattern. In the following sections, secondary hyperparathyroidism is used synonymously with renal hyperparathyroidism. Surgery for renal hyperparathyroidism reduces pruritus and bone pain in patients on chronic hemodialysis, improves renal osteopathy and quality of life, and may lead to a better cardiac function (Chow et al 2003). In 1991, Rothmund et al, described in a prospective randomized trial, significantly improved results for total parathyroidectomy and auto transplantation in patients with SHPT compared to subtotal parathyroidectomy. After total parathyroidectomy and auto transplantation the number of reoperations declined, serum calcium levels decreased more than after subtotal parathyroidectomy, and the radiologic and clinical signs of osteoporosis and pruritus improved to a higher extent. Intact parathyroid hormone consists of a polypeptide chain of 84 amino acids. PTH is secreted by the parathyroid glands to regulate the calcium ion levels in the blood flow. PTH is eliminated mostly in the liver but also in the kidneys and bones. The N-terminal fragment of PTH contains the region that confers bioactivity but has a short half-life of 3 to 4 minutes. The C-terminal fragment of PTH has a half-life of several hours and is eliminated by glomerular filtration, thus depending on renal function (Kao 1992; Hruska et al 1981). The elimination kinetics of PTH has been well studied in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism with a normal renal function (Maier et al 1998). Since 1991, several quick PTH assays (Bergenfelz et al 1991; Irvin et al 1991) have been developed to enable unilateral instead of bilateral neck exploration for surgery of primary HPT (Bergenfelz et al 2002). In 1991, Proye et al described the reliability of a quick intraoperative PTH assay in patients with primary and secondary HPT, as well as for those with multiglandular disease. They noted that the PTH assay used was not hampered by renal insufficiency but concluded that the assay should not substitute for routine bilateral neck exploration. Since this publication, the half-life of PTH and the reliability of various routine and quick PTH assays have been discussed in many studies. The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact Abstract: Objective: The aim of our study was to evaluate the impact of intraoperative parathyroid hormone (PTH) measurement on surgical results in patients with renal hyperparathyroidism (HPT). Material and method: In our study have been included 31 patients, hospitalized in Department of General Surgery, Nephrology Carol Davila Hospital Bucharest. The patients have been included only after they have signed the informed consent for use of data and pictures. From June 2014 to December 2014, a series of 31 consecutive patients underwent total parathyroidectomy and intraoperative PTH measurement was made for renal HPT only for 8 of them (25%), for 6 patients (20%) were done frozen section, and for rest of them (55%) we made PTH postoperative measurement. Intraoperative PTH was measured at 30 minutes after parathyroidectomy with the Liaison analyzer assay for intact PTH. Results: The mean of PTH levels before surgery was 1576.41 with range 970-2300 pg/ ml which declined to a mean of 133.87 with range 3-355 pg/ml at the end of the operation. Calcium levels before surgery was 10.8-11.5 mg/dl. Persistent renal HPT was seen in one patient, and recurrent HPT was diagnosed in two cases. In 8 patients (25%) the intraoperative PTH levels declined more than 50%. In first case: the intraoperative intact PTH dropped from 970 pg/ml to 18.5 pg/ml (PTH declined was 98.6%). In second case: from 1100 pg/ml to 3.18 pg/ml (99.7%). In third case: from 2300 pg/ml to 47 pg/ ml (97.9%). In fourth case: from 1136 to 21 pg/ml (98.15%). In fifth case: from 2201 to 98.9 pg/ml (95.5%). In sixth case: from 1250 to 46.1 (96.31%). In seventh case: from 2130 to 38.3 pg/ml (98.20%). In eighth case: from 1813 to 92.90 (94.90%). Conclusions: Intraoperative PTH measurement with a decrease in intraoperative PTH of at least 50% is highly predictive of successful parathyroidectomy and normalization of postoperative calcium and PTH levels. Intraoperative PTH monitoring in patients with SHPT resulting from chronic renal failure may help surgeons confirm that the resection of hyper functioning parathyroid tissue was adequate and to emphasize the possibility of supernumerary parathyroid glands.


We study the approximation of measurable functions on the hypercube by functions arising from affine neural networks. Our main achievement is an approximation of any measurable function $f \colon W_n \to [-1,1]$ up to a prescribed precision $\varepsilon>0$ by a bounded number of neurons, depending only on $\varepsilon$ and not on the function $f$ or $n \in \mathbb N$.


This article, aimed at both the observer and the observed, presents the need for compassionate collaborative assessment strategies. By building rapport between teachers and observers, assessments are viewed positively and genuine changes in teaching can occur. Compassionate observations also help teachers to meet standards while inspiring them to excel in their profession. As the approach discussed in this article involves the assessor and the assessed, K-12 teachers, ESL instructors in IEPs, and administrator/assessors working with ESL teachers will benefit from reading this article. Part One offers a theoretical framework by examining the philosophical issues of vision and ethics as foundations for establishing an inspirational environment that enhances expertise and collaboration between supervisors, teachers, and their peers. Part Two describes ways in which expertise and collaboration can be nurtured among educators. Part Three explains how vision, ethics, expertise, and collaboration apply holistically to collaborative teacher assessment. We offer an assessment example to highlight our method.


The article is devoted to the information and communication cultural experience of scientific and methodological development in institute of higher education including remote learning. It is reviewed the phenomenon of learning process in higher education institutions and its difference from self-education.


Phosphorylation is central to numerous fundamental cellular processes, influencing the onset and progression of a variety of diseases. The correct identification of these phosphorylation sites is of great importance to unravel the intricate molecular mechanisms within cells and during viral infections, potentially leading to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this study, we introduce PTransIPs, a novel deep learning model for the identification of phosphorylation sites. PTransIPs treat amino acids within protein sequences as words, extracting unique encodings based on their type and sequential position. The model also incorporates embeddings from large pretrained protein models as additional data inputs. PTransIPS is further trained on a combination model of convolutional neural network with residual connections and Transformer model equipped with multi-head attention mechanisms. At last, the model outputs classification results through a fully connected layer. The results of independent testing reveal that PTransIPs outperforms existing state-of-the-art(SOTA) methods, achieving AUROCs of 0.9232 and 0.9660 for identifying phosphorylated S/T and Y sites respectively. In addition, ablation studies prove that pretrained model embeddings contribute to the performance of PTransIPs. Furthermore, PTransIPs has interpretable amino acid preference, visible training process and shows generalizability on other bioactivity classification tasks. To facilitate usage, our code and data are publicly accessible at \url{https://github.com/StatXzy7/PTransIPs}.


The study of batik in the batik centers of Giriloyo and Wijirejo Bantul is intended to develop the existing motifs of batik mbantulan and create new motifs while maintain the identity of batik mbantulan with its local-rich characteristics in Kabupaten Bantul. The development of batik mbantulan has undergone the rising and falling trend. To survive and develop artisans of batik mbantulan have to adapt themselves to the ongoing market preference through the improved characteristics of batik mbantulan. It is necessary to explore the possible existing motifs of batik mbantulan that have brought up the batik center of Giriloyo and Wijirejo have. The motifs of batik mbantulan have to be reserved in the batik products through identification, diversification, and creation of new batik mbantulan motifs, Therefore, the new designs is expected to be more competitive in batik market and create the spirit of creativity and innovativeness among the artisans of batik mbantulan in the Batik Center of Giriloyo and Wijirejo Bantul. The main obstacles that the artisans in the batik center of Giriloyo and Wijirejo have to face up is the meeting of consumers' orders with their new motifs. The artisans are not capable enough to create new designs through the development of mbantulan motifs and prefer to work on the present and general motifs of batik Yogyakarta. The study is expected to deal with the artisans' problem in creating new designs / motifs and improve their capacity to make new creative and innovative designs to meet consumers' desired standard. In turn, this will lead to a better economic prospect for the artisans of batik mbantulan in the batik center of Giriloyo and Wijirejo. Key words: batik mbantulan, artisans, motifs


Abstract Fine structure was found in the angular distribution of 2 MeV He ions channeled between the (001) planes of 1600 to 3000 Å thick Au single crystals. In addition, the energy loss of the channeled particles was determined as a function of exit angle from the crystal.


Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable breakthroughs in understanding and responding to user intents. However, their performance lag behind general use cases in some expertise domains, such as Chinese medicine. Existing efforts to incorporate Chinese medicine into LLMs rely on Supervised Fine-Tuning (SFT) with single-turn and distilled dialogue data. These models lack the ability for doctor-like proactive inquiry and multi-turn comprehension and cannot always align responses with safety and professionalism experts. In this work, we introduce Zhongjing, the first Chinese medical LLaMA-based LLM that implements an entire training pipeline from pre-training to reinforcement learning with human feedback (RLHF). Additionally, we introduce a Chinese multi-turn medical dialogue dataset of 70,000 authentic doctor-patient dialogues, CMtMedQA, which significantly enhances the model's capability for complex dialogue and proactive inquiry initiation. We define a refined annotation rule and evaluation criteria given the biomedical domain's unique characteristics. Results show that our model outperforms baselines in various capacities and matches the performance of ChatGPT in a few abilities, despite having 50x training data with previous best model and 100x parameters with ChatGPT. RLHF further improves the model's instruction-following ability and safety.We also release our code, datasets and model for further research.


In this paper we are concerned with the secondary education reform, highlighting the production of the National Curricular Common Base (BNCC). The goal is to show that, behind a discourse presented as "new', the reform and its BNCC constitute an old discourse and reiterate purposes suffocated by disputes around the meanings and ends that concern this stage of basic education in the last 20 years. Among the conclusions, it is evident that the centrality conferred to the notion of competences in the document brings back the discourse present in curricular policy texts of the late 90's and reintroduces limits already identified in previous research, among which the fact that such an approach is limited due to its pragmatic and ahistorical character.


https://e-kcj.org Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) is a major cause of disability and mortality globally.1) Even after successful recovery from AIS, long-term clinical outcome of AIS is poor. Cardiovascular disease is 1 of the main determinants of long-term outcome in patients after AIS.2)3) By the improvement in primary prevention, diagnosis and therapy, there has been a considerable improvement in stroke prognosis for last several decades. However, stroke is still on the second place on mortality list following ischemic heart disease, and prevalence of AIS is expected to continuously increase with the increase in the aging population.1) Therefore, risk stratification and individualized therapy of patients with AIS is of paramount importance for clinicians to reduce their cardiovascular risk and overall prognosis. In this purpose, modifiable lifestyle risk factors such as smoking, heavy alcohol use and physical inactivity, and traditional risk factors such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and smoking have been focused as treatment targets in patients with AIS.4) However, this strategy focusing on vascular risk factors may be insufficient, and overall stroke burden has greatly increased last decades. In this context, additional approach identifying high-risk patients based on reliable marker is required for targeted aggressive secondary prevention treatment.


Background: The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a highly complex multifactorial endocrine disorder, which includes ectopic fat accumulation, impaired insulin sensitivity, and increased systemic inflammation. Globally, a rapid increase in the prevalence of MetS is observed as a result of persistent obesity. The MetS includes the features such as insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a male, visceral distribution of adipose tissue; it is related to the high incidences of morbidity and mortality, which result from various commonly occurring diseases such as diabetes, cancers, myocardial infarction, and stroke.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of MetS, its components, and risk factors among a higher socioeconomic population in Ahmedabad, and to estimate the prevalence of MetS using the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definition to compare it with the prevalence estimated using the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP).

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional survey of a higher socioeconomic population was carried out in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India, from April to December 2014. The subjects included were between the age group of 25 and 65 years. A total of 500 subjects were selected for this study. But, 22 subjects were discarded owing to insufficient blood samples.

Result: In this study, of the total 478 subjects, 213 (44.6%) male subjects and 265 (55.4%) female subjects were analyzed. About 264 (55.2%) of them were between 25 and 45 years, and 214 (44.8%) of them were between 46 and 65 years of age. About 95% of all the subjects were married. About 373 (78.0%) were nonsmokers and 105 (22.0%) were smokers; 372 (77.8%) were nonalcoholics and 106 (22.2%) were alcoholics; 154 (32.2%) showed normal weight, 218 (45.6%) overweight, and 106 (22.2%) obese. The female subjects were younger and showed higher values of BMI and WC and, thus, were more prone to overweight and obesity.

Conclusion: The global prevalence of the MetS was 26.2% and 42.6% by the NCEP adult treatment panel III (ATP III) and IDF criteria, respectively. Central obesity was the most prevalent determinant of MetS, followed by low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and then high blood pressure (BP). The triad of low HDL, high BP, and central obesity were largely responsible for MetS in this community.


dium for mass production of leptospiras for experimental use, the writer attempted to study the nutritional requirements, growth rate, and some biochemical characteristics of L. icterohaemorrhagiae in culture. Preliminary tests made in a Warburg apparatus were unfortunately, disappointing, as no oxygen consumption was detected even with a total of 18 million organisms for a period of 6 hours at temperature of 25, 32, and 37 C. The negative results with the Warburg apparatus compelled the writer to use the more empirical method of growing the leptospiras in mediums composed of different kinds and amounts of food substances and inorganic salts, and determining the richness and rate of growth and the pu and other changes in each medium during the period of incubation. As a result of this study, two new mediums for growing L. icterohaemorrhagiae, L. canicola, and L. biflexor have been developed and the growth rate and some biochemical reactions of L. icterohaemorrhagiae have been revealed. In addition, a method for maintaining the virulence of this species for guinea pigs has also been developed. While the


cumbersome and more closely related to integration than leadership, while effectiveness and cabinet duration might well be inversely related. In the last chapter, the authors develop hypotheses about the effects of competition among different kinds of parties, defined by the typology developed in chapter 1, but the patterns of competition, delineated in charts full of initials (e.g., c-b-p x m-r-i, pp. 314, 316-17) are confusing and difficult to grasp, and the hypotheses are often trivial or tautological. For the first hypothesis (HI) tells us that "competition between cadre-broad-pragmatic parties encourages multi-cleavage leadership." Surely the fact that parties are broadly based requires them to have broadly based-i.e., multi-cleavage-leadership.


Abstract : We present in this study an interactive computer graphics workshop for two-dimensional fractals. The workshop enables the user to learn about fractals through experimentation with the generation of Koch-like fractal curves. A variety of Koch-like fractal curves, Julia sets and the Mandelbrot set are presented as examples. Algorithms are presented for creating the Mandelbrot set and for creating Kock-like fractal curves. Keywords and Phrases: fractals, Kock-like Fractal curves, Julia sets, interactive computer graphics.


Green kyllinga is a relatively new weed species in well-irrigated turfs in the southwest US. To understand the germination requirements of green kyllinga, the effects of planting depth, temperature, pH, and osmotic potential were determined. Green kyllinga emergence was sensitive to planting depth. At 21 days after planting (DAP), emergence of green kyllinga was 60% when planted at the soil surface but only 20% at 0.5 cm and less than 5% at 1 cm. Germination occurred at temperatures between 17 and 30 C but was notably better between 20 and 24 C. Germination was uniform from pH 5.5 to 9.5. Germination decreased between the water potentials −0.1 to −0.6 MPa, although germination was high at water potentials found in irrigated turf. The environmental conditions found in nonstressed turf areas in Arizona will likely support the establishment of green kyllinga. The efficacy of herbicides for the control of green kyllinga was also determined. Control of kyllinga (95% or greater) was obtained with preemergence applications of oxadiazon, dithiopyr, and metolachlor, and with postemergence applications of DSMA, halosulfuron-methyl, and imazaquin.


Today's scientific discourse is increasingly criticizing the strict binary concept of biological sex. While science is progressively revealing the complexity of biological sex, the knowledge of biology for many is limited to what is acquired at school. Nonheteronormative, sex-wise atypical people still face isolation, misunderstanding and resulting social and psychological difficulties at school and in society in general. To explore the concept of biological sex presented in biology textbooks, qualitative content analysis was used. The analysis focused on the stages of sex development, the characteristics defining biological sex, the concept of sex being discrete or continuous trait, and the representation of differences in sex development. It was found that the information provided was inconsistent and superficial, failing to reflect the complexity of the sex development process. Biological sex was presented as an unambiguously discrete and binary trait, with no mention of differences in sex development. A poor understanding of biological sex does not encourage critical discussion about human biodiversity. It reproduces heteronormative norms, that condition discrimination and bullying.


For a random sample X1, . . . , Xn from the normal distribution N(�, σ 2 ) we test the hypothesis H:(�, σ 2 ) T =(0,1) T against K:(�, σ 2 ) T 6 (0,1) T.Nexttothreeclassicaltests-Likelihoodratiotest,WaldtestandRao scoretest,weconsideralsospecialtestswhichweresuggestedforthisproblem intheliterature.Withinthesetestswewillbeespeciallyinterestedinthetest which locally maximizes the average power, Isaacson's approximation of the type DtestandtestbasedonFisher'scombinationofindependentstatistics. We investigate both local and global properties of these tests. The Monte Carlo study confirms the importance of the condition of localunbiasedness of the test. We also show the Bahadur efficiency to be a good concept of the global performance of the test in this problem.


Specific application of satellites require the building and maintenance of orbits with high altitude. In these cases, conventional orbital transfer methods may prove to be infeasible, especially with respect to fuel consumption. In this work we present an alternative strategy for an orbital transfer of a spacecraft from a low circular orbit to a high and retrograde orbit in the Earth-Moon System. Considering a four-body scenario, the technique consists in the use of appropriate perturbations applied around unstable periodic orbits predicted in the Restricted Three-Body Problem (R3BP), associated with the exploration of the sensitive dependence of the transition regions between capture and escape in the Earth-Moon System. In addition to small transfer times, the results obtained show that it is possible to obtain stable high and inclined final orbits with a low cost in terms of increment of velocity.


The novels of the New Feeling School are one of the most complete modern novels in China, the second Shanghai school. In the 1930s,they became fashionable in Shanghai. They are the highly industrialized product of the western capitalist society, and well worth researching. Nowadays, with the liberating thoughts, many scholars cone to do some research on the school from many ways. The paper introduces the origin of new feeling school from districts, cultures and thoughts.


Critical discourse analysis mainly reveals the relations among language usage,power and ideology by analyzing language characteristics and its social and cultural background.The article analyzed 20 speeches of female politicians based on the website gos.sbc.edu from personal pronouns,modal verbs,and transitivity in order to probe into the character of female politicians' speeches and the difference between female and male politicians.


Accurate steady and unsteady numerical solutions of the full 2D governing equations— which model the forced film condensation flow of saturated vapor over a semi-infinite horizontal plate (the problem of Cess and Koh)—are obtained over a range of flow parameters. The results presented here are used to better understand the limitations of the well-known similarity solutions given by Koh. It is found that steady/quasisteady filmwise solution exists only if the inlet speed is above a certain threshold value. Above this threshold speed, steady/quasisteady film condensation solutions exist and their film thickness variations are approximately the same as the similarity solution given by Koh. However, these steady solutions differ from the Koh solution regarding pressure variations and associated effects in the leading part of the plate. Besides results based on the solutions of the full steady governing equations, this paper also presents unsteady solutions that characterize the steady solutions' attainability, stability (response to initial disturbances), and their response to ever-present minuscule noise on the condensing-surface. For this shear-driven flow, the paper finds that if the uniform vapor speed is above a threshold value, an unsteady solution that begins with any reasonable initial-guess is attracted in time to a steady solution. This long time limiting solution is the same—within computational errors—as the solution of the steady problem. The reported unsteady solutions that yield the steady solution in the long time limit also yield "attraction rates" for nonlinear stability analysis of the steady solutions. The attraction rates are found to diminish gradually with increasing distance from the leading edge and with decreasing inlet vapor speed. These steady solutions are generally found to be stable to initial disturbances on the interface as well as in any flow variable in the interior of the flow domain. The results for low vapor speeds below the threshold value indicate that the unsteady solutions exhibit nonexistence of any steady limit of filmwise flow in the aft portion of the solution. Even when a steady solution exists, the flow attainability is also shown to be difficult (because of waviness and other sensitivities) at large downstream distances.


Summary form only given. The real world case of strong three-dimensional perturbations has become accessible via parallel computation using MACH3. We describe what we believe to be the first full 3-D simulation of a strongly perturbed solid-core plasma Z-pinch performed in parallel. The picture, from that simulation, shows the mass density at a time near greatest compression. The contour plots (on eight sections through the simulation region) are cut off at a density representing the surrounding vacuum, and the isosurface shown encloses the regions of highest density. The 4-fold azimuthal and 2-fold axial symmetry of the initial density perturbation-to 50% below the peak density-is clearly visible. That initial density extended only about one-third farther than the largest radius shown here. This simulation-containing 140,000 cells-took only ten hours on 20 processors of the 400 node IBM SP2 at the Maui High Performance Computing Center.


This study aims to describe and test students' perception of scientific learning, students' critical thinking skill level in scientific learning, differences in perception and critical thinking skill level of students based on school differences and gender, and the influence of perception on students' critical thinking skill in scientific approach learning. It involved 206 students from three high schools in Banjarmasin, Indonesia. Quantitative data was obtained from a perception questionnaire and critical thinking skill test. The perception questionnaire refers to Perception of Science Classes Survey (PSCS). The test used refers to indicators of critical thinking skill from Ennis in 2011. Data were analyzed using non parametric statistical tests with the SPSS version 23 application for Windows. The results showed that 1) students' perception of scientific learning were in the medium category, 2) students' critical thinking skill level was in a low category, 3) there were differences in perception and critical thinking skill level based on school, but there are not any differences found based on gender, 4) there was an influence of perception towards students' critical thinking skill in scientific learning approach. Designing innovative learning methods, involving student activity, and providing recommend-ed learning facilities are suggested to do to enhance students' positive perception and critical thinking skill.


Seeds of Fargesia denudate were treated to accelerated aging and the following indices were measured: seed vigor, T-AOC, activities of anti-oxidative enzymes, contents of MDA, and conductivity, and these indices were also measured on the seeds that differ in size. The results indicated that after different degrees of accelerated aging, the contents of MDA and conductivity gradually increased, while the value of T-AOC and activities of CAT were reduced significantly. The activities of SOD went up, but the ratio of SOD/MDA went down after an initial obvious rise. T-AOC and SOD/MDA could reflect the level of seed aging well, and T-AOC and conductivity had significant correlations with seed vigor. The vigor of middle-sized seeds was higher than that of bigger and smaller seeds. The value of conductivity and contents of MDA went up as the bigger seeds were under determination, and the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and T-AOC went down during the same process. This indicates that the size of Fargesia denudata seeds correlates with the indices tested in this study.


Geothermobarometric and structural work indicates that metamorphism in the footwall of the migmatitic Naxos core complex is strongly coupled to heat advection in the lower crust. Using the average ...


Objective
This study was performed to investigate the effect of hypoxia on glucose-6-phosphate isomerase(G6PI)expression and cell cycle of fibroblast-like synoviocytes from synovium of rheumatoid arthritis(RA)and osteoarthritis(OA)under hypoxia or normoxia.

Methods
Fibroblast-like synoviocytes were cultured with either of hypoxia(3% oxygen)or normoxia(21% oxygen)for 24 hours. The mRNA expression of G6PI and HIF-1α was tested by PCR quantification, while the protein levels of G6PI and HIF-1α were measured by western blot. Cell cycle was performed by FACS. T-test and Mann-Whitney U were used for statistical analysis.

Results
The expression levels of G6PI mRNA under hypoxia in RA were higher than those of OA(2.6 ±0.4 vs 1.5 ±0.4, P<0.05). The protein levels of G6PI in RA were higher than those of OA(P<0.05). The expression levels of HIF-1α mRNA under hypoxia in RA were higher than those of OA(2.9±0.8 vs 1.4±0.4, P<0.05). The protein levels of HIF-1α in RA were higher than those of OA(P<0.05). The G1 phase ratio of cell cycle was decreased significantly under hypoxia than those of normoxia in RA ELs(t=11.31, P<0.05). The S and G2 phase ratio of cell cycle were increased.

Conclusion
Hypoxia upregulates G6PI and HIF-1α expression and improves proliferation in fibroblast-like synoviocytes.

Key words:
Arthritis, rheumatoid; Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; Hypoxia-inducible factor 1, alpha subunit; Cell cycle; Fibroblast-like synoviocytes


The precursors of zincates were prepared in solution using anodic alumina membranes(AAMs) via electrophoresis method,and the ZnO:Tb3+ nanotube arrays were obtained after the subsequent heat treatment.SEM images show that the diameter and thickness of the ZnO:Tb3+ nanotubes are about 80 and 15 nm,respectively.The XRD patterns and HRTEM image indicate that Tb3+ ions may occupy Zn sites or interstitial in the ZnO crystal lattice.Moreover,the formation mechanisms of the ZnO:Tb3+ nanotube arrays is proposed.


Analytical chemistry is a scientific discipline used to study the chemical composition,
structure and behaviour of matter. The purpose of this is to gather and interpret chemical information that will be of value to society in a wide range of contexts. Any chemical analysis can be broken down into a number of stages that include a consideration of the purpose of the analysis, the quality of the results required and the individual steps in the overall analytical procedure. Analytical procedure summarized by the following steps. The developed chromatographic method for the determination of test procedure of assay for Tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms were simple, reliable, sensitive and less time consuming. The advantage of the present test procedures was that it does not require any complicated mobile phase and it is simple isocratic method. The present method can be confidently used for rapid and precise quantitation of Tolterodine tartrate. This procedure can be a major interest in analytical pharmacy, since it offers a distinct quality control in the test procedure of assay of pharmaceutical dosage forms. However taking into account of the factors such as economy and rapidity, the present method can also be a good choice for the analysis of Tolterodine tartrate. The developed method may be recommended for routine and quality control analysis of the investigated drug. The present work shows, a validated, highly sensitive and selected method for the determination of Tolterodine tartrate in pharmaceutical dosage forms. Precision and accuracy as major control parameters of the whole validation procedure was within the acceptable limits. The experimental data makes a relevant contribution to the understanding of validation parameters. Overall the above developed analytical method represents a valuable data for the validation of Tolterodine tartrate tablets and rapid quantitation method for the same in the pharmaceutical dosage forms.


The scale of Chinese online shopping is growing.C2C platform has become the mainstream model of online shopping in China and provides lots of jobs for the community.C2C e-commerce training platform modeled C2C site model in a real business environment,which provide a totally realistic drill environment and places,and enable students to understand all transaction details and operating skills and techniques;thereby it fully prepared for the actual entrepreneurship,effectively ensured the smooth implementation of e-commerce professional training programs.


As computing becomes increasingly embedded into the fabric of everyday life, systems that understand people's context of use are of paramount importance. Regardless of whether the platform is a mobile device, wearable, or smart infrastructure, context offers an implicit dimension that is vital to increasing the richness of human-computer interaction. In my thesis work, I introduce multiple enabling technologies that greatly enhance context awareness in highly dynamic platforms, all without costly or invasive instrumentation. My systems have been deployed across long periods and multiple environments, the results of which show the versatility, accuracy and potential for robust context sensing. By combining novel sensing with machine learning, my work transforms raw signals into intelligent abstractions that can power rich, context-sensitive applications, unleashing the potential of next-generation computing platforms.


Concurrent signatures scheme is an effective way to solve the problem of fair exchange without the help of any trusted third party. Until now, all concurrent signatures are based on traditional cryptosystems, but the emergence of quantum computing poses a severe threat to the security of classic public-key cryptosystems. More and more attentions are being paid to lattice-based cryptosystems, which is one of the candidate cryptosystems against the attacks from quantum computing. In this paper, we present a new formal model of multi-party concurrent signatures scheme and a lattice-based multi-party concurrent signatures scheme. The scheme has comparative advantages in both efficiency and security over the existing concurrent signatures schemes based on traditional cryptosystem. In particular, our scheme is constructed based on constant-size ring signatures, and thus we have solved the open problem: how to construct a multi-party concurrent signatures scheme based on constant-size ring signatures, which was proposed by Tonien et al. 2006.


What is known and Objective:  Good compliance to anti‐hypertensive medications has been recognized as a crucial factor to achieve optimal blood pressure control, but there were few studies addressing this issue among ethnic Chinese patients. This study aims to evaluate the factors associated with compliance to thiazide diuretics in a Chinese hypertensive population.


The quality assurance panel was convened to provide advice on improvements that could be made to a suite of UK biodiversity indicators that are used to assess the status and trends of a range of species, and which are linked in turn to a range of biodiversity targets.


Contemporaneity, defined as post-modernity, is a stage of civilization changes, which in its nature entails changes in the sphere of didactic and educational thinking and practice. The rapid pace of social change, shaping new interpersonal relationships, progressive axiological chaos, enforce a kind of revision of views on the school as a place and the role of the teacher in it.
Over the past several decades, throughout the world we have been observing the role of education, which is increasingly seen as a factor affecting, to a large extent, the well-being, development and quality of life of citizens and the economic progress of the countries. One can also suppose that this process will shape the face of future times to an even greater extent. The persons responsible for the organization of education are therefore wondering what education will be most useful to young people in the future. Attempts are made to identify certain key competences for the 21st century. According to the position of some people, any planning and anticipation of such a rapidly changing reality is impossible because the effects of various phenomena that already exist and inventions that are just emerging will be so great that the forecasts themselves do not make sense. On the other hand, "somehow" we have to find ourselves in this reality. And this uncertainty and variability, which, paradoxically, is certain, becomes the anchor point. From this emerges the task of preparing to cope with the uncertainty and changeability that can be met. The aim is to prepare the young generation to live in a world of constant change and to cope with what is unpredictable. Substantially, the task of the 21st century school seems to be double: prepare the young generation to live here and now and to live in a different, ever-changing reality. Is it possible?


Abstract The GW-hypergroupoids are defined as generalization of the Wall hypergroupoids. The authors introduce a system to obtain a ciphertext using a GW-hypergroupoid. Conditions are given on the GW-hypergroupoid to univocally decipher a given ciphertext and to protect the original message and the key. The measure of security is defined as number of different cleartexts corresponding to the same ciphertext. The case is considered that an eavesdropper intercept only once the ciphertext and the corresponding clear-text and so he try to determine the key. In this case the measure of the security is defined as the number of different key by which the same ciphertext can be obtained from a given cleartext. Examples are given and the measure of security is calculated.


A wave function for single- and many-photon states is defined by associating photons with different momenta with different spectral and polarization components of the classical, generally complex, electromagnetic field that propagates in a definite direction. When each spectral component of the classical field is scaled to the square root of the photon energy, the appropriately normalized photon wave function acquires the desired interpretation of probability density amplitude, in contradistinction to the Riemann-Silberstein wave function that can be considered the amplitude of the photon probability energy density.


A transflective liquid crystal display and a display panel therefor are provided to realize a high reflective rate while preventing yellowing of a reflective area by forming size of light holes of color filters between 20% and 80% of the reflective area. A transflective liquid crystal display having a transmissive area and a reflective area includes a first substrate(100). A reflective electrode(194) is formed on the first substrate, and is arranged on the reflective area. A second substrate(200) is opposite to the first substrate. A plurality of color filters(230R,230G) are formed on the second substrate and have light holes at the reflective area. A common electrode(270) is formed on the second substrate. An area of the light hole is more than 20% of an area of the reflective area.


Anna Robinson's first publication was 'Songs from the Flats' (Hearing Eye). Set on a housing estate in South London, it explores themes of home and rebellion within an urban dream-time. This was selected by the Poetry Book Society as their Pamphlet Choice in Winter 2005/6.


My native Sudan has been ravaged by conflicts over identity and socioeconomic marginalization since independence from Britain in 1956. Elitist debates confined the country's diverse identities to two dichotomous categorizations: Arabism, associated with Islam and Arabic descent and culture, and Africanism, linked to Christianity, indigenous beliefs and African culture. These polarized views, along with the dominant ideology of the imposition of Arabism and Islam as the basis of national identification, triggered a national identity crisis. This crisis contributed to the escalation of armed conflicts notably the civil war between the North and the South and the current conflict in the Sudan's Western province of Darfur. This article explores the Darfur conflict which erupted between the central government and liberation groups in 2003, and has been described both as the first genocide of the 21st century and an ethnic cleansing in which the Arab militia are killing the Africans. Using data gathered recently in the Sudan, this article extends the debates on Sudanese identities by showing that the boundaries between Africanism and Arabism are fluid, and by positing multiple identities that resurface as a result of globalization, migration and social ties among ethnic groups. By deconstructing the dominant conceptions of the Sudanese identities, and considering new conceptions about these identities, we can address social dynamics that impact the conflict and take them into consideration when it comes to conflict resolution. Multiculturalism is proposed as a model that could help to accommodate the country's diverse identities and foster stability.


Roughly half of the quasiperiodic eruption (QPE) sources in galactic nuclei exhibit a remarkably regular alternating "long-short" pattern of recurrence times between consecutive flares. We show that a main-sequence star (brought into the nucleus as an extreme mass-ratio inspiral; EMRI) that passes twice per orbit through the accretion disk of the supermassive black hole (SMBH) on a mildly eccentric inclined orbit, each time shocking and ejecting optically thick gas clouds above and below the midplane, naturally reproduces observed properties of QPE flares. Inefficient photon production in the ejecta renders the QPE emission much harder than the blackbody temperature, enabling the flares to stick out from the softer quiescent disk spectrum. Destruction of the star via mass ablation limits the QPE lifetime to decades, precluding a long-lived AGN as the gaseous disk. By contrast, a tidal disruption event (TDE) naturally provides a transient gaseous disk on the requisite radial scale, with a rate exceeding the EMRI inward migration rate, suggesting that many TDEs should host a QPE. This picture is consistent with the X-ray TDE observed several years prior to the QPE appearance from GSN 069. Remarkably, a second TDE-like flare was observed from this event, starting immediately after detectable QPE activity ceased; this event could plausibly result from the (partial or complete) destruction of the QPE-generating star triggered by runaway mass loss, though other explanations cannot be excluded. Our model can also be applied to black hole–disk collisions, such as those invoked in the context of the candidate SMBH binary OJ 287.


Mast cells are immune sentinels and a driving force in both normal and pathological contexts of inflammation, with a prominent role in allergic hypersensitivities. Crosslinking of FcεRI by allergen‐bound IgE Abs leads to mast cell degranulation, resulting in an early‐phase response and release of newly synthesized pro‐inflammatory mediators in the late‐phase. The MAPK and NF‐κB pathways are established as critical intracellular mechanisms directing mast cell‐induced inflammation. Rosemary extract (RE) has been shown to modulate the MAPK and NF‐κB pathways in other cellular contexts in vitro and in vivo. However, the effect of RE on mast cell activation has not been explored, and thus we aim to evaluate the potential of RE in modulating mast cell activation and FcεRI/c‐kit signaling, potentially via these key pathways. Primary murine mast cells were sensitized with anti‐TNP IgE and stimulated with cognate allergen (TNP‐BSA) under stem cell factor (SCF) potentiation while treated with 0–25 µg/ml RE. RE treatment inhibited phosphorylation of p38 and JNK MAPKs while also impairing NF‐кB transcription factor activity. Gene expression and mediator secretion analysis showed that RE treatment decreased IL‐6, TNF, IL‐13, CCL1, and CCL3, but major component polyphenols do not contribute to these effects. Importantly, RE treatment significantly inhibited early phase mast cell degranulation (down to 15% of control), with carnosic acid and carnosol contributing. These findings indicate that RE is capable of modulating mast cell functional outcomes and that further investigation of the underlying mechanisms and its potential therapeutic properties in allergic inflammatory conditions is warranted.


Abstract : The primary objective of this program was the determination of the engineering properties of polybenzimidazole and polyimide honeycomb core sandwich constructions after aging at various temperatures. Both press and autoclave methods were evaluated for the fabrication of sandwich face sheets and honeycomb core sandwich composites. A 'pressure-point' cure technique was developed which provided a controlled, efficient processing method for preparing polyimide and PBI laminates and sandwich composites. Technology was developed for fabricating sandwich composites by secondary bond, single stage cure, and multiple stage cure methods. The single stage cure method, using the pressure- pointytechnique, was selected for preparing the heat aging test specimens for both the polyimide and the PBI resin systems. Heat aging studies were conducted at 400F, 500F, and 600F. Polyimide sandwich composites exhibited excellent heat resistance at all test temperatures. The polyimide composites retained over 50% of their room temperature flexural shear strength values after 1400 hours aging at 400F. The PBI sandwich composites were susceptible to oxygen degradation during fabrication and during the heat aging study. Speciments heat aged at 600F exhibited complete failure within a 300-hour period. Oxygen attack was less at lower temperatures and PBI test specimens still retained over 50% of their room temperature strength values after 600 hours aging at 400F.


Education in Indonesia in the last decade has reaped many problems including the weak character of the young generation where the success of a nation can be seen from the character of the younger generation. Seeing these problems, there needs to be some breakthroughs, one of which can be done through character inculcation that is applied in schools through classroom learning and other activities such as extracurricular activities. This research method is qualitative with the type of descriptive research, namely the type of research that examines data that can describe complex and concrete social realities. This study uses data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, library methods and the use of documentation. The analysis in this study uses interactive data analysis from Lexy Moleong with the pre-field stage, the implementation stage, the data analysis stage, the conclusion stage and the reporting stage. The results showed that: (1) the implementation of extracurricular Islamic Religious Education in MTs EX PGA UNIVA Medan there were 13 extracurricular Islamic Religious Education. (2) extracurricular activities in MTs EX PGA UNIVA Medan are essentially many activities. However, in this discussion, only PAI extracurricular activities were taken which presumably had a stake in the formation of student character, for example the types of PAI extracurricular activities namely introduction of the holy book, worship, social activities, habituation of noble character and the inculcation of religious historical values. Through this activity students can learn to develop communication skills, collaborate with others, discipline and other characters.


A proteome approach, combining high‐resolution two‐dimensional electrophoresis (2‐DE) with mass spectrometry, was used to compare the cellular protein composition of two virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis with two attenuated strains of Mycobacterium bovis Bacillus Calmette‐Guérin (BCG), in order to identify unique proteins of these strains. Emphasis was given to the identification of M. tuberculosis specific proteins, because we consider these proteins to represent putative virulence factors and interesting candidates for vaccination and diagnosis of tuberculosis. The genome of M. tuberculosis strain H37Rv comprises nearly 4000 predicted open reading frames. In contrast, the separation of proteins from whole mycobacterial cells by 2‐DE resulted in silver‐stained patterns comprising about 1800 distinct protein spots. Amongst these, 96 spots were exclusively detected either in the virulent (56 spots) or in the attenuated (40 spots) mycobacterial strains. Fifty‐three of these spots were analyzed by mass spectrometry, of which 41 were identified, including 32 M. tuberculosis specific spots. Twelve M. tuberculosis specific spots were identified as proteins, encoded by genes previously reported to be deleted in M. bovis BCG. The remaining 20 spots unique for M. tuberculosis were identified as proteins encoded by genes that are not known to be missing in M. bovis BCG.


Abstract
Branchial plexus neuropathy is characterized by acute onset of intense pain in the shoulder or arm followed shortly by focal muscle weakness. This presentation may mislead the clinician into diagnosing shoulder or cervical spine pathology. Although brachial plexus neuropathy is not common, it should be considered in the differential diagnosis of pain and weakness of the arm. We present a patient with brachial plexus neuropathy who was originally misdiagnosed as having a cervical disc herniation.


A mobile agent is an autonomous software module that can work on different computers and migrate among

these computers. The characteristics of a mobile agent, migration and interaction, are helpful to implement

distributed systems. In the real world, however, a mobile agent is not widely used because its migration makes

debugging distributed systems difficult. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss problems in debugging a mobile

agent system and propose a framework that includes a search, a single-step execution, and a reproduction

function to help programmers debug a mobile agent system. Results from our experiments on debugging test

applications show that our framework is helpful to support programmers and help them to debug. This reduces

the number of keystrokes by 41% and number of clicks by 24%.