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Education: Recession Proof Industry
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Education is often considered a recession proof industry. In todays changing landscape, discuss whether or not education jobs are at risk of being off-shored or outsourced. What forces change the shape of the education employment landscape. What can be done to secure employment going forward?
This should be an outline for a 5-6 page paper.© BrainMass Inc. brainmass.com October 10, 2019, 5:46 am ad1c9bdddf
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A paper has three main parts: Introduction with thesis, body and conclusion. To address this assignment, you need first to choose your particular job or industry. Since I am a teacher, I will choose education, or teaching, as your example. Model your paper, with your chosen job or industry, after this example.
First, your posting does not specify any formatting protocol that you are expected to use (MLA, APA, etc.). If this does not matter, you can format your paper using standard academic writing: choose a simple font like Times New Roman, and font size 12. Double-space your paper, since most formatting styles require it. Add no additional spaces between paragraphs, and use a standard indentation at the beginning of each new paragraph. A title page is up to you: I find that it makes the paper look more professional. Your posting also does not specify if you are to use outside resources to support what you have to say in this essay. To impress your teacher, I would include one or two references. You can always delete them if they are not allowed. Your sample paper begins with title page:
Education: A Recession-Proof Industry
Your Name
Your College Name
Education: A Recession-Proof Industry
Education is an industry in both the private and the public sector. Governments sponsor public education for their citizens, and private entities also offer education on a for-profit and on a not-for-profit basis. Many industries suffer during economic downturns, also known as recessions. Education, however, is a recession-proof industry, for several reasons: first, because there will always be a supply of new children who need to be educated, secondly because not all parents are equipped or able to educate their own offspring, and lastly because even if governments implode during severe economic times, there will still be a private market for educators.(thesis statement) For these reasons, education is still a growing job market, even in the present tough economic times.
(Begin body paragraphs ...
Solution Summary
Why education is a recession-proof industry, with model sample paper to compare: introduction with thesis, body paragraphs with Web-based resource quotes, conclusion and references.


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Why journalism students should learn shorthand BEFORE universities teach it
There's a debate among journalism students and academics about when shorthand should be taught on university degrees.
It was ongoing when I studied (2007) and it's still going on now. With shorthand's detractors claiming that it should not be taught at all. Well, clearly on a journalism course, shorthand should be taught (ignore anybody who says it shouldn't – they've never worked in the Press).
Getting back to when shorthand should be taught…
Some universities teach shorthand in the third and final year of an undergraduate course, while others teach it in the second. Students on masters and post-graduate courses tend to learn shorthand in the one year that they do the journalism course.
There are very few, if any, universities that teach shorthand to first years students on their journalism training course, probably because it would just be too intense for them to have two hour lessons every day.
At the University of Central Lancashire, the institution that I attended, they taught Teeline shorthand in the third year of the journalism undergraduate course.
The argument behind this was that they used to teach it in the second year, but then in the third year the students would stop using shorthand. By the time they graduated, and found a job, they had all but forgotten how to write in shorthand and had to spend several weeks re-learning the skill.
Well, that's tough for them. If they had been doing journalism regularly throughout their final year they would have remembered – and refined – their shorthand skills.
What's more, they would have performed better in coursework, on work experience, and at any other journalism gigs they had such as student newspapers, magazines or selling stories freelance.
Because all of the above are things that journalism students will have to do if they want to succeed and ensure that they get a job at the end of their degrees.
So my argument is this: Journalism students who want to be successful need to learn shorthand before the university begins teaching it. This is particular true if your course waits until the third year to start teaching shorthand.
There were many times when I struggled as I frantically took notes in longhand. If I had known shorthand that would not have happened.
So if you have to wait until the third year of a degree before taking shorthand lessons then start early. When the second year of the course start, get yourself a shorthand text book to start learning. If you have a bit of spare cash find a local teacherand take a lesson once a fortnight. You can even take a distance course to learn shorthand online.
By learning shorthand before your fellow students you will be light years ahead of them. You will excel at work experience, on coursework, and on extra projects such as writing for the student newspaper.
And most importantly, when it comes to finding a job, you will have an added advantage – just one of the many benefits of learning shorthand.

subset: commoncrawl


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We believe that virtualization makes sense for most if not all organizations. We have solutions depending on what scenarios are important for you to support. For organizations interested in lowering costs; increasing security and compliance; delivering on flexibility and continuity, virtualization may be a consideration as part of an overall desktop strategy. Microsoft's desktop virtualization strategy is about desktop management. Our desktop management strategy helps customers centrally manage desktop environments with more flexibility, secure critical business data with better IT controls, leverage existing investments and allows end-users to be productive from everywhere. As a result, Microsoft offers a broad portfolio of desktop virtualization technologies, helping customers virtualize applications, data and settings, and the operating system. Integrated management tools are central to this strategy, so IT professionals can optimize desktops, lower the cost of desktop management, and provide end user productivity.
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LAZARUS X+66 Issue #3 (Image comics)
San Francisco is the jewel in the Carlyle crown, a city of Serfs, comfort, and privilege. It's where Joe and Bobbie Barrett now make their home. But a gilded cage is a cage all the same, and now Joe and Bobbie must decide what they will do to be Free. Drawn by JUSTIN GREENWOOD (THE FUSE, Stumptown).
Writer: Greg Rucka, Neal Bailey
Artist: Justin Greenwood
Colors: Santi Arcas
Letters: Jodi Wynne
Publisher: Image Comics


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Editor for Kawai K3 and K3m synthesizers including the ability to create the additive wave.
The synth must have protect set to off to use the wave generator and mono mode as these send sysex to write data to the synth. At the moment this is designed for use as a VST within a DAW and I recommend using Ctrlrs MIDI library to store presets which can include a different additive wave.
To use the wave generator, the H sliders set the harmonic and the I knobs set the intensity.
PLEASE NOTE – the mono mode and wave generator will overwrite your presets. Use with caution.
Version 1.1Download


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Telangana Government Launches Four New Sectoral Policies
The Telangana Minister for Industries and IT, Kalvakuntla Taraka Rama Rao launched four new sectoral policies, under their IT policy, in Hyderabad yesterday. The policies; Data Centres Policy, Open Data Policy, Cyber Security Policy and Data Analytics Policy; formulated by the state's IT, E&C Department cover a number of emerging technologies and aim to bring sector-specific policies so as to position the State as a leader within the country.
Speaking on the occasion, KTR said, "Following the remarkable success of the ICT Policy Launch in April this year, the department has finalized allied policies on Data Centres, Open Data, Cyber Security, and Data Analytics, taking the count to a total of eight allied policies so far. Another two policies on IoT and Smart Technologies, and e-Waste Management will be released within two months, completing the entire stack of allied policies. I can proudly say that Telangana is the only State with such a comprehensive set of policies, which reflects the State's clarity of vision and direction."
Secretary, IT E&C Department Sri Jayesh Ranjan added that, "Telangana is the first state to rightly identify the need to move beyond traditional IT/ITeS and diversify into new and emerging technologies such as Data Centres, Open Data, Cyber Security, and Data Analytics. We are confident that these allied policies shall attract niche players from across the world and further solidify Telangana's position as the front-runner in IT/ITeS and emerging technologies."
Additionally, the Government of Telangana signed several MoUs with Cisco, Factly, DSCI, CtrlS, SCSC, NASSCOM, Cropdata Technology Private Limited. The areas covered under the agreements include deploying City Digital Platform (CDP), setting up of virtual video-based classrooms, digitization of important landmarks and monuments of Hyderabad, collaboration on open data initiative, developing a joint cyber security charter and a detailed execution plan, setting up of state of the art data centres, providing a cyber security response centre, cryptography and setting up of a Malware Research Centre, setting up of Data Sciences Center of Excellence, and providing reports of expected crop production and vulnerability.


text: Home > about GTCS > Who We Are > 50th Anniversary Teaching Scotland Teaching Scotland Magazine To mark the 50th anniversary of GTC Scotland's formation, Ian Matheson was commissioned to write a book chronicling its key developments. Teaching Scotland magazine published excerpts from the book over the course of the anniversary year. Issue 59: Council is born The Council's formative years in the 1960s The idea of a teaching council actually came from teachers. Frustrated at the apparent decline in the status of the profession and the employment of over 2,000 uncertificated teachers, in 1961 teachers in Glasgow went on strike. Two of them, David Lambie and Arthur Houston, expected about 40 people to attend a meeting in the Central Halls in Bath Street to discuss the concept. More than a thousand crammed in, with 200 more turned away. Those present supported the argument that a Council would give teachers similar control over their profession to that of equivalent bodies in medicine and accountancy. Four years later, following the recommendations of the Wheatley Commission, the Teaching Council (Scotland) Act created the new body. Lord Hughes of Hawkhill, Under-Secretary of State for Scotland, welcomed its creation: "With the new Council in being, the teachers in Scotland will have what can fairly be called a unique measure of selfgovernment. This, as the profession itself acknowledges, involves new responsibilities, as well as new status and privileges." The first election for the 25 teacher representatives attracted 236 nominations, with competition being most intense in the secondary sector. When the new Council met on 11 March 1966 it elected David Lees as its Chairman. The infant Council ran straight into controversy. Some teachers expected that its very existence would lead rapidly to the removal of uncertificated teachers from schools. They became frustrated when it seemed the Council was not only powerless to achieve this but was also more interested in demanding that registration be compulsory, even for teachers already holding the Secretary of State's "parchment", the certificate of competence which was granted for life following probation. Of course, without compulsory registration the influence of the Council would have been much weaker and it would have had no reliable source of funding to sustain its work. The result was a rash of newspaper headlines about teachers refusing to register and criticism of its apparent failure to deal with the issue of uncertificated teachers. The Council defended its position in a circular sent to all teachers in February 1968 which said: "The problems associated with the employment of uncertificated men and women in schools have increased during the last 20 years despite all the efforts of the teachers' organisations ... It seems unreasonable to expect a newly created Council to solve completely in two years a problem which has proved intractable for 20". By 1972 the Council had actually worked with the government to remove uncertificated teachers from schools, but the bad feeling engendered in the early days took time to fade. Perhaps the first Council's greatest achievement was its own survival of what one of its members, James Inglis, called a "perilous" infancy, able to pass on to its successor prospects for a more stable future both for the Council and for the teaching profession. The 1960s The elections for teacher membership of the first Council attracted 236 nominations Britain had three Prime Ministers – Harold Macmillan (1957-63), Alec Douglas-Hume (1963-64) and Harold Wilson (1964-70) 1961: first person in space 1962: audio cassette invented 1963: Beatles rise to fame with Please, Please Me 1964: BBC 2 went on air At the first Council meeting in 1966, George Gray, Secretary of the Scottish Council for the Training of Teachers, was invited by the Council to become Registrar By December 1968 47,118 teachers had registered with the Council Issue 60: the 1970s A decade of recommendations, routine and a refusal to stop talking The second, third and fourth Councils devoted much time to reviewing entry requirements for teacher education courses, making recommendations to the Secretary of State for Scotland on teacher supply and maintaining the register. They also set up working parties to investigate issues and inform policy recommendations. The most significant of these was the Brunton committee of 1971-1972 on postgraduate teacher education in secondary education. This committee made the radical recommendation to adopt a "sandwich" pattern of teacher education with attendance at college from September to April, followed by a period of "probationary training" until the following spring and then a return to college. The idea, to integrate more fully probationary experience and college learning, with probationers receiving a lighter timetable and discussions with a mentor, carried hints of the future Teacher Induction Scheme. However, it was in advance of its time and was felt to cause too many difficulties, so it was never implemented. Responding to evidence of lack of teacher knowledge of and interest in the work of the Council, they began to hold open meetings for teachers on evenings before meetings, moving the venues for these around Scotland. Such meetings took place in Ayr, Inverness, Dundee, Hamilton, Lennoxtown and Perth, some being reported as very lively. Though much Council work was now relatively routine, there was still controversy, with Jack Malloch featuring again, this time as an elected member. His cause now was his belief that all those involved in training teachers should be registered and experienced in the classroom. The Council had actually passed a motion supporting the registration of college lecturers, but Malloch was frustrated at the slow progress. When the Council proposed compromises that would allow some lecturers without teaching experience to become registered, he began a vociferous campaign which turned into a personal battle with the then Chairman James Scotland, Principal of Aberdeen College of Education. Malloch proceeded to disrupt Council meetings, causing the March 1977 meeting to be abandoned when he refused to stop speaking. The following year he resigned, stating that "the Council tolerated and supported deception of students, teachers and the public in the field of teacher training". By the late 1970s the Council's regulatory powers and procedures were well established, but it was still vulnerable to claims that it was too cautious and too slow to progress issues. There had been some solid progress, but much work remained to be done. The 1970s 1970: The Beatles break up 1972: The Watergate scandal begins 1973: Britain enters the EU 1973: The mobile telephone is invented 1975: Vietnam war ends 1976: Apple Computer is founded 1979: Margaret Thatcher becomes the first female Prime Minister of Britain Issue 61: the 1980s Ian Matheson continues our history series exploring the evolving role of the Council Having overcome the traumas of the first 15 years, Councils in the 1980s carried out their regulatory duties in a less highly charged atmosphere. During that decade, some key individuals also began to consider how the Council might develop in the longer term. The first to express his thoughts was the retiring Chairman, James Scotland, who in 1978 had shared with Argyll teachers his view that the Council should seek to become "a repository of educational wisdom". Five years later, Gordon Kirk of Moray House College gave another perspective on ways in which the Council might evolve, maintaining that the Council's existing roles in registration and entry qualifications to the profession were "in a very important sense restricted" as they related only to the point of entry to the profession. He doubted that the quality of the profession could be guaranteed only by regulating entry, because teachers would need professional development to enable them to respond to social, educational and technological change. In a vision that carried resonances of the development of Professional Update 30 years later, he recommended that the Council might be "assertive enough … to relate registration as a teacher to the undertaking of properly authenticated professional development activities". Though the Council's response to these proposals was painfully slow, they provided the seed for its aspiration to broaden its powers into the field of professional learning. In the mid-1980s the new Registrar, Ivor Sutherland, took steps to raise the profile of the Council in the world of education. He inherited a strained relationship with the Scottish Education Department, with Council members feeling frustrated by the pace of progress on issues they raised with the Department. In future, the Council would respond to all educational consultations, whether directly linked to the Council's remit or not. Papers appeared on issues from the senior school curriculum to the educational implications of difficulties in teacher supply – the Council was especially concerned at the potential imbalance in the age structure of the teaching population – and parent involvement in schools. The Council also reacted strongly to the European directive on mutual recognition of higher education diplomas, which it saw as threatening the integrity of Scottish professional standards. The Registrar's letter to the House of Lords committee on the issue was robust: "The members of the General Teaching Council for Scotland have always made it clear that… no lowering of professional standards will be tolerated." By the end of the 1980s, the Council was beginning to aspire to extending its powers, not just in professional learning, but also in the potentially contentious area of teacher appraisal. If this were to happen, the Council wanted to take the responsibility itself, stating firmly that it "must, if it is to be effective, be controlled by the profession itself". This was to prove a marker for the future. The 1980s 1980: The Empire Strikes Back is released 1982: Conflict in the Falklands Islands 1983: First flight of Space Shuttle Challenger 1984: The miners' strike begins 1985: The Sinclair C5 starts production 1987: Channel Tunnel construction begins Issue 62: the 1990s When, in 1991, the Council celebrated its silver jubilee, it could reflect on a number of achievements: it had defended the profession against threats to dilute standards for entry emanating from changes in United Kingdom and European employment policies, gained influence for teachers in initial teacher education programmes and, most significantly, given Scotland an all-graduate profession. Mary Futrell, president of the World Confederation of Organizations of the Teaching Profession, told the conference held to mark the event that the Council was "a model across the world". In the decade that followed, successive Councils attempted again to raise their profile among Scottish teachers, resuscitating the practice of informal meetings with teachers in various locations, accepting invitations to address teachers' groups and replacing the previous newsletter with Teaching Scotland. Internal restructuring saw the appointment of a team of Professional Officers to offer expertise in the areas of probation, communication and accreditation and review. They also sought to enhance the profile of the Council more widely, continuing to respond to consultations and to make their voices heard on issues of importance from teacher appraisal to multi-cultural and anti-racist education. A paper prepared for the Convener's Committee in 1997 discussed the prospect of a "truly self-regulating teaching profession" which would advise the Secretary of State on continuing professional development, accredit local authority in-service provision as well as pre-service education, and have powers to deal with issues of professional competence. As the millennium approached, the Council decided to seek new premises, as the offices in Royal Terrace were no longer adequate. The Secretary of State for Scotland, Donald Dewar, opened the new headquarters at Clerwood House on Corstorphine Hill on 1 September 1998. By then, other massive changes to the Council and to the environment in which it operated were on the way. First, Helen Liddell commissioned Deloitte and Touche to undertake a review of the Council. Then, on 12 May 1999, the Scottish Parliament met in Edinburgh for the first time since 1707, with the Scottish Executive taking over responsibility for educational policy. Almost immediately, Donald Dewar, now First Minister, launching a White Paper on educational reform, said that "the professional status of teachers must be restored … through a renewed commitment to the highest professional standards". Finally, Professor Gavin McCrone led a commission of enquiry into teachers' professional conditions in an effort to address the crisis that had led to a breakdown in relations between teaching unions and employers. Together, the outcomes of these initiatives would lead very rapidly to a transformation of the status and the authority of the General Teaching Council for Scotland. The 1990s 1990: Nelson Mandela is freed 1991: The World Wide Web becomes publicly available 1994: Channel tunnel opens 1996: Mad Cow Disease hits Britain 1997: The first Harry Potter book is released 1999: World's population reached 6 billion Issue 63: beyond the Millennium The Council experienced radical changes between 2000 and 2002 as a result of the Deloitte and Touche and McCrone Committee reports, together with the Standards in Scotland's Schools Act. The structure of the Council changed to reflect more widely both the teaching profession and specific groups in the wider community, notably parents and business. For the first time, the Act defined the aims of the Council: "to contribute to improving the quality of teaching and learning; and to maintain and improve teachers' standards of professional competence". The Act also made explicit the Council's duty, in all of its functions, to "have regard to the interests of the public". This was now no simple regulator, advising the government on entry requirements; it was a professional body with duties both towards teachers and towards the public. Suddenly, the Council was involved in developing Standards for Initial Teacher Education, for Full Registration and, later, for the status of Chartered Teacher and for Headship, all of which were replaced in 2012 by a new suite of Standards intended to provide support for teachers' professional development throughout their careers. Almost at the same time, the Council became responsible for monitoring the implementation of the Teacher Induction Scheme, which reformed the probation experience and made Scotland the envy of many countries across the world. Furthermore, it was now given the authority to remove teachers from the register for incompetence, an action which caused sensational publicity the first time it occurred in December 2008. If these developments were dramatic, there was more to come. The election of a SNP minority government in 2007 created uncertainty as one of its manifesto commitments was to hold a "bonfire of the quangos", so the Council's existence might be at risk. However, on 30 January 2008 the First Minister, Alex Salmond, announced that the Council would instead become the first completely independent teaching regulator in the world. Even before that intention took effect, the existing Council had to deal with the recommendations of the Donaldson report of 2011, which laid a number of tasks regarding teacher professional development on the Council, and with the implications of a legal decision in England that meant that those who made policy (the Council members) could no longer sit on panels judging individuals' fitness to teach, whether on grounds of competence or conduct. Following a wide consultation, the new, smaller Council of 37 members became independent on 2 April 2012. The most obvious sign of the new role of Council was the introduction of Professional Update, bringing to pass the situation envisaged by Gordon Kirk 30 years before, with continued registration being linked to attested participation in professional development. Those who had demanded a General Teaching Council in 1961 would not have recognised the body of 50 years later, but they would surely have been delighted by the extent to which teachers now influenced the professional status and practice of their successors. The 2000s 2000: Olympic Games held in Sydney 2001: World Trade Center terrorist attacks 2003: The Human Genome Project is completed 2004: The Mars Exploration Rover reaches the surface of Mars 2009: More than 80% of the UK population has internet access BACK TO


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Truck-Mounted Carpet Cleaning Means Business
Truck-mounted carpet cleaning refers to a process where power, speed and efficiency are paramount. The powerful cleaning unit and all its components, including cleaning solution and return waste water, are kept outside your home or building. Truck-mounted units clean at about 20 times the power of portable electric units brought indoors. They generally exceed the power of even large ride-on units.
The cleaning process can be set up much more quickly. Traditional methods require many different items to be transported indoors before work can get started. So in addition to power, Lawrence homes and businesses can expect the efficiency of reduced labor costs when their carpets and upholstery are cleaned using this BPI method.
Here are other advantages of using truck-mounted carpet cleaning for your Lawrence home or business:
- Higher-power extraction grabs more dirt.
- Higher cleaning temperatures of 200 or more degrees help to kill germs, dust mites and other microorganisms.
- Higher-power vacuuming (extraction) removes more moisture so carpets are ready to use faster.
- Less retained moisture reduces the potential for mold or mildew.
- Strong blowers also powered by the truck-mounted equipment help finish the job even more quickly.
- Chemistry sources remain outside your office, facility, school, church or home.
- Less chance for bumped trimwork in doorways and furniture than with ride-on or walk-behind scrubbers.


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What I Do
Adobe Photoshop user since 2004
Color-Correction, Retouching, Photo Editing, Camera Raw
Design for Print or Web
Adobe Illustrator user since 2010
Create Logos
Design Pages
Adobe Premiere user since 2010
Color Correction, Cutting and Splicing,
Rendering for Web, DVD and Local Playback
Adobe After Effects user since 2011
Chroma Key/Green Screen, Special Effects
Motion Graphics and Text
Apple Power User
Preferred Working Environment
Using Nikon DSLRs since 2004
Shoot in Camera Raw, 24.2MP, 1080p Video, Experienced with various mounts
Event Photography, Candids, HDR, Portraits, Landscapes, Panoramas and more.
Kodak quality prints
Prints in 1 minute
Water Resistant
GoPro Hero 3 Black
Several Attachments and Mounts for various versatile filming.
The possibilities are endless
What I don't do
Photography for weddings. I will, however, assist other photographers with their weddings.
Coding, building and maintaining websites.


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In Brief: Hawaii notes flaws in Kauai dams
Hawaii state inspectors have found all 54 dams on the island of Kauai are potentially dangerous, the Honolulu Star-Bulletin said.
The inspection reports, recently posted online, came after the Ka Loko Dam breached on March 14, killing seven people, the newspaper said.
In a summary of the inspection reports, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers concluded that none of the remaining dams had the potential for immediate breach or collapse.
But Lt. Colonel David Anderson said the results are valid only for the short duration of the inspections. Concerns for dam safety have mainly focused on poor maintenance, grass, bush and tree overgrowth and erosion, the newspaper said.
Copyright 2006 by United Press International


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Just a few thoughts here that are often missed by students:
1) You must apply for graduation for EACH program that you are in; degree and certificate, if you are pursuing both.
2) Applications for graduation have deadlines and fees associated with them. The deadline for May graduation for 2016 was posted on the academic calendar as January 15. You may, however, apply for graduation up until the last day of instruction, but you will pay additional fees.
3) Please check your Academic Advisement Report to confirm that you have submitted both your Application for Admission to Candidacy and a Proposed Plan of Study for a graduate certificate if you are expecting to receive them in May 2016. There is still time to respond if you act soon. Contact me after you have reviewed your Academic Advisement Report and suspect that you might have an issue!


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Mubarak finally appears on state television around fifty minutes later than scheduled. Everyone at Tahrir Square got quiet to hear the president utter his resignation decree. At first, the president talked about his achievements and his loyalty to the state, neither of which had anything to do with the uprising at hand, except to maybe evoke some ethos from the people.
The opposite happened. Almost immediately, the crowd realised that Mubarak was not leaving office, and as a result, shouts and shoes started flying. The president rambled on but the crowd did not care, since they felt totally betrayed.
Among Mubarak's continued rambling is his proposals to amend the constitution, most significantly annulling the part that establishes the emergency laws from which he could stay in power for so long. But at this point, do you think the protesters really give a shit?
And while this anti-Mubarak sentiment has been magnified in this ongoing protest, such feelings, according to a reporter who has lived in Egypt for a significant time in the past, have existed for a long time. He reports that no Egyptian has uttered positive words about their ruler; the monarchy of Saudi Arabia have received more praise than Mubarak. And Mubarak still has the nerve to mutter this:
There was no day when I was affected or I gave into foreign pressures.More like strong domestic pressures. Other states are merely agreeing with the protesters. Mubarak is trying to save face here; he is afraid of how he will be perceived in history long after he is out of office, whenever that is.
So Mubarak is satisfied by what he has offered, including transfer of his duties to vice president Omar Suleiman. Some time later, Suleiman himself appears on television.
If they actually did go back to the "normal" life with the current regime, there is practically no chance that Mubarak will continue to pursue reforms under pressure of the people while he is still in office. I'm even extremely doubtful about his possible lifting of emergency laws. Plus, the people have endured this man for thirty years and privately crapped on all of it.
A huge uprising can pretty much be expected tomorrow.


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Access By All People At All Times To Enough Food For An Active Healthy Life
The Healthy Life Course Unit makes use of an integrated method to deal with the inhabitants's health. Folks are now anticipated to take extra accountability for their own health. Healthy life-style actually begins in childhood, when mother and father have a chance to instill healthy habits similar to brushing teeth, consuming well and exercising commonly.
The two parts of the calculation of the HLY within the EU are the mortality tables and the activity limitation information assessed by well being surveys. Life tables which give mortality information for calculating life expectancy are absolutely obtainable as a demographic long-time period sequence based in the usual procedures of causes of death registration harmonised at EU degree.
• For those taking antibiotics, particularly children. Everytime you take antibiotics, it is commonsense to take a cup of yogurt day-after-day. Though antibiotics are extraordinarily useful medicines, they will generally destroy the good bacteria, along … Read More


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|Monthly specials
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Customer Login
Dolls Dresses - Dolls Fairy Dress
Please select
Dolls Fairy Dress
Sizing guide
One size only but fits a number of different dolls due to stretch in bodice.
* hot pink is sold out in this style, but is still available in our other style.
Colour guide click image to enlarge colour option
Price: $12.50 NZ
Dolls Fairy Dress
Just like the real thing!
Really cute little dolls dress, with little wings on the back, easy to put on because of the rushed elastic bodice.
Worn by cabbage patch doll and baby born in the foto. Baby Born is 16 inches and the smaller (but wider) Cabbage Patch is 15 inches.
click image to view accessories


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There are so many slang words for our menstrual cycles, I've lost count. But the one I just heard a few weeks ago (from my husband, no less!) was "Blow Job Week."
Has anyone else heard it put this way?
Apparently, there's a myth floating around among the menfolk that the week a woman is on her period is also the week where she spends a lot more time with her head in the southern portion of her husband's nether regions.
Yeah, right, I told my husband. But when I started to ask around, I learned that a lot of people are anti-period sex and that in their house it really is BJ week (or maybe just masturbation week for the man).
So why does it sound to me like the woman is getting punished for being female by engaging in extra work with less reward?
Quick biology lesson: You boys are hating on the very thing that makes me fertile and female.
But don't worry, I would feel the same way about men who are grossed out by pregnancy or breastfeeding.
I enjoy sex and I don't see why I should go a week without pleasure because my menstrual cycle -- the most "female" thing I do -- comes around. OK, so obviously, no one loves their period and the cramps and moodiness and break-outs that accompany it, but I love that I'm a woman and I love that my body has this cycle. I am not going to be shamed by it and I feel like that is what "blow job week" implies. That I should abandon my pleasure and shut down the crotch for business until things are clean again.
Some reasons to try it:
- An orgasm is a great release from tension and helps with cramps and headaches that come along with Aunt Flo.
- You are less at risk for pregnancy.
- You have better lubrication (TMI?).
One caveat: You are more susceptible to STDs (both of you) during the week of the period, so if you're non-monogamous, you might want to skip this.
But those of us in committed, monogamous relationships should partake. Even if you have been afraid before and especially if he has been afraid. If you hate it, you never have to do it again. But here is a memo to men everywhere:
Every month my body prepares to make a baby and if there is no baby, I bleed. And you can call it whatever you like ...
... except "Blow Job Week."
Is period week "Blow Job Week" at your house?
Image via nakae/Flickr


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Workers to be charged to issue Employment Tribunal claims
The headline for employment lawyers in relation to George Osborne's speech to the Conservative Party Conference was that, from April 2012, an employee must have two years' continuous service in order to make a claim for unfair dismissal. In addition, Mr Osborne announced that, from April 2013, an employee will need to pay a fee in order to issue a claim in the Employment Tribunal.
The amount of any fee has not yet been finalised, but it has been suggested that a fee of £150 to £250 could be payable to issue a claim, with a further fee of £1,000 being payable when the case is listed for hearing. The fees would then be repaid to the Claimant if they were successful in their claim.
On the face of it, this is good news for employers as it will reduce the likelihood of spurious claims being made by workers in the hope of a commercial settlement.
It is, however, likely that, as with most courts and Tribunals, there will be a means tested fee exemption so that those on lower incomes do not have to pay the fees.
Most claims in Employment Tribunals are made by employees who have resigned or been dismissed and they are generally unemployed. Consequently, it is likely that many employees will be in receipt of benefits, such as means tested Job Seekers' Allowance, which may automatically qualify them for an exemption from the proposed fees. If this is the case, the actual impact on the number of claims made by ex-employees may be minimal.
The real impact of the introduction of Tribunal fees will be felt by those employees with a grievance against their employer, but who wish to remain in employment, for example, maternity and paternity claims. As they retain their employment income at the stage they wish to issue their claim, they will probably be liable for the full Tribunal fees.


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Nicknamed "The Crystal Ball of Pop," Interview is an American magazine founded in 1969 by Andy Warhol and John Wilcox featuring interviews with celebrities, artists, and musicians. During his lifetime, Warhol often distributed free copies of the magazine in Manhattan, sometimes signing them. This edition from June 1979 features Debbie Harry, lead singer of Blondie, and is signed by both Harry and Warhol.
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Andy Warhol (born Andrew Warhola) (American, 1928-1987) was a leading figure in the Pop art movement. He is particularly known for the breadth of his oeuvre, as it encompassed painting, hand drawing, printmaking, photography, silk screening, sculpture, film and music. Fascinated with celebrity culture and status, his silkscreens of pop icons and mundane objects were particularly successful, and cemented his place as a "celebrity" artist. His studio, The Factory, was a famous gathering place that brought together distinguished intellectuals, drag queens, playwrights, Hollywood celebrities, and wealthy patrons.


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Albedo One is Ireland's foremost magazine of speculative fiction. The editors' definition of what constitutes science fiction, fantasy or horror is very broad, so they are always seeking well-written speculative fiction that pushes at the boundaries or crosses between genres.
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Get involved with the Flat River Watershed Council
ATTEND: Our monthly council meetings. Held the third Monday of every month. We meet at the Main Street Inn in downtown Lowell. Meetings begin at 6:30 pm and typically run an hour. No meetings are held in July or December.
VOLUNTEER: Stream clean-ups, educational outings, and stream sampling are just a few of the activities we would love to have help with. Signing up for our e-mail list is one way to gain information about the council. If you're a Facebook user please LIKE our page to stay in touch with us.
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Get involved with the Flat River Watershed Council


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Hope Bolinger is a junior agent at C.Y.L.E. Literary Elite. Over 200 of her works have been featured in various publications. Her most recent achievement is having her YA novel Den contracted by Lighthouse Publishing of the Carolinas.
She is seeking: young adult, middle grade, some children's books, historical fiction (especially more obscure time periods), fantasy, sci-fi, and exceptional romance. In nonfiction, she seeks humor books, family and relationships books, and ministry (Christian) books. Generally she does not take memoir unless the author has an exceptional platform.
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While we have an increasingly fine-scale understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of reward learning in animals and the brain circuits involved in humans, there is currently an explanatory gap between these levels of description. We aim to bridge these levels, using translational techniques that can relate real-time neurochemistry and neural activity to non-invasive, whole-brain imaging measures such as BOLD fMRI during reward-guided behaviours. See the "Resources" page for further details.
However, the cornerstone of our work is behaviour and the aim is to determine the relationship between neural systems and defined psychological processes. To this end, our experimental design is influenced by disciplines such as behavioural ecology, animal learning theory and neuroeconomics.
See the summaries below for examples of ongoing projects
Dopamine, value, action, choice
Our core research programme, funded through long-term support from the Wellcome Trust, investigates how to reconcile the different faces of dopamine during reward-guided behaviours. We using techniques that allow us to measure and manipulate moment-by-moment dopamine release as choices are made about which option to select ("economic choice") and about when to act and when not to act ("foraging choice").
Regulation of dopamine, cue salience and associative learning
We are investigating the behavioural relevance of dopamine regulation using a variety of transgenic mouse lines (e.g., GluA1 knockout, COMT-Met mouse). There is a specific focus on the relationship between targeted mutations, changes in associative learning and patterns of dopamine release.
From dopamine to BOLD via electrochemistry and electrophysiology
In a series of interrelated studies, we are investigating the relationship between neurochemistry (using FSCV and pharmacology), neural activity (electrophysiology), and haemodynamic signals (tissue oxygen amperometry and fMRI) during reward-guided learning.


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Chevrolet has introduced the 2014 COPO Camaro at the SEMA Motor Show.
Chevrolet has introduced the 2014 COPO Camaro at the SEMA Motor Show.
Designed to compete in NHRA Stock Eliminator and Super Stock classes, the facelifted model has modified bumpers, a revised grille and restyled head- and taillights. The car also has new racing seats, updated graphics and redesigned wheels.
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Production will be limited to 69 units and the first model will be auctioned off at the Barrett-Jackson Scottsdale auction in January. The proceeds will benefit the Achilles Freedom Team of Wounded Veterans which helps wounded veterans participate in marathons.


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We are also proud that the New Jersey PGA and it's charitable arm, the New Jersey Golf Foundation are also headquartered in the building along with the NJPGA Hall of Fame.
Reservations can be made through the Golf Shop Tuesday thru Sunday 9:00am - 5:00pm. When you arrive for your time you will be greeted by a member of the Golf Academy staff who will assist you in getting setup. Please remember that proper golf attire is required and spikeless shoes, sneakers or soft spikes are appropriate footwear for the turf areas.
The hitting bays feature the absolute finest in technology including Trackman, KVest 4D Body Imaging, Boditrack Ground Force Plates and a Sam Putt lab. Lessons, club fittings, simulator practice or on course time are all available to you.
Members can rent the space as an individual to practice with our technology once you've been trained by your coach. You can also come in to play on the simulated course of your choice. There is even the possibility of hosting a work meeting in the Board Room with simulator golf to follow. Great team building!
The Golf Academy staff will meet you and assist with turning the simulator on and off and selecting whether you want to practice on a simulated range or play a match on one of the world's finest courses.
Contact one of our golf professionals for your next lesson or fitting and fine tune your game to your needs and stay tuned to the club website for future videos regarding the best ways for you to use the academy and your PGA Coaching staff to make this the year for improvement!


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Financial Aid Resources
Federal financial aid programs, payments options, student loan forgiveness policies and other important information is always subject to change.
Applicants and students are encouraged to review the site periodically for the most up to date information.
Below are additional financial aid resources for students preparing for college or completing a degree at Alliant:
- How to apply for financial aid at Alliant
- The Top 9 Things You Need to Know About Alliant Financial Aid
- Financial Aid Check Off Sheet – (PDF)
- General Information for College for students, by students
- Notice of Federal Student Financial Aid Penalties for Drug Law V – (PDF)
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- The Sallie Mae Fund: College
- FastWeb Scholarship Search
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- Tips to applying for scholarships
- Loan Forgiveness Programs
Want to know more? Our admissions team is here to help you. Give us a call at 1-866-825-5426 to speak with an admissions advisor. Or, request more information online.


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Emergence : Wikipedia 번역 [진행중]Posted 2007.11.10 13:50
Emergence - 창발
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
- For other uses see Emergence (disambiguation) and Emergency.
In philosophy, systems theory and the sciences, emergence refers to the way complex systems and patterns arise out of a multiplicity of relatively simple interactions. Like intelligence in the field of AI, or agents in distributed artificial intelligence, emergence is central to the theory of complex systems and yet very controversial.
철학, 시스템 이론 및 과학에서 창발이란 많은 수의 비교적 간단한 상호작용을 통해 복잡계와 패턴이 생겨나는 방법을 의미한다. 인공지능(AI)의 영역에서 지능, 혹은 분산 인공지능에서의 agents 가 그러하듯이, 창발은 복잡계의 중심이론이지만 아직까지 논쟁이 많이 되고 있다.
[edit] Definitions
The concept behind the term has been in use since at least the time of Aristotle.[1] John Stuart Mill[2] and Julian Huxley[3] are just some of the historic luminaries who have written on the concept.
The term "emergent" was coined by the pioneer psychologist G. H. Lewes who wrote:
"Every resultant is either a sum or a difference of the co-operant forces; their sum, when their directions are the same -- their difference, when their directions are contrary. Further, every resultant is clearly traceable in its components, because these are homogeneous and commensurable. It is otherwise with emergents, when, instead of adding measurable motion to measurable motion, or things of one kind to other individuals of their kind, there is a co-operation of things of unlike kinds. The emergent is unlike its components insofar as these are incommensurable, and it cannot be reduced to their sum or their difference." (Lewes 1875, p. 412)(Blitz 1992)
Professor Jeffrey Goldstein in the School of Business at Adelphi University provides a current definition of emergence in the journal, Emergence.(Goldstein 1999). For Goldstein, emergence can be defined as: "the arising of novel and coherent structures, patterns and properties during the process of self-organization in complex systems."(Corning 2002)
Goldstein's definition can be further elaborated to describe the qualities of this definition in more detail:
"The common characteristics are: (1) radical novelty (features not previously observed in systems); (2) coherence or correlation (meaning integrated wholes that maintain themselves over some period of time); (3) A global or macro "level" (i.e. there is some property of "wholeness"); (4) it is the product of a dynamical process (it evolves); and (5) it is "ostensive" - it can be perceived. For good measure, Goldstein throws in supervenience -- downward causation." (Corning 2002)
[edit] Strong vs. weak emergence
Emergence may be generally divided into two perspectives, that of "weak emergence" and "strong emergence". Weak emergence describes new properties arising in systems as a result of the interactions at an elemental level. Emergence, in this case, is merely part of the language, or model that is needed to describe a system's behaviour.
But if, on the other hand, systems can have qualities not directly traceable to the system's components, but rather to how those components interact, and one is willing to accept that a system supervenes on its components, then it is difficult to account for an emergent property's cause. These new qualities are irreducible to the system's constituent parts (Laughlin 2005). The whole is greater than the sum of its parts. This view of emergence is called strong emergence. Some fields in which strong emergence is more widely used include etiology, epistemology and ontology.
Regarding strong emergence, Mark A. Bedau observes:
"Although strong emergence is logically possible, it is uncomfortably like magic. How does an irreducible but supervenient downward causal power arise, since by definition it cannot be due to the aggregation of the micro-level potentialities? Such causal powers would be quite unlike anything within our scientific ken. This not only indicates how they will discomfort reasonable forms of materialism. Their mysteriousness will only heighten the traditional worry that emergence entails illegitimately getting something from nothing."(Bedau 1997)
However, "the debate about whether or not the whole can be predicted from the properties of the parts misses the point. Wholes produce unique combined effects, but many of these effects may be co-determined by the context and the interactions between the whole and its environment(s)." (Corning 2002) Along that same thought, Arthur Koestler stated, "it is the synergistic effects produced by wholes that are the very cause of the evolution of complexity in nature" and used the metaphor of Janus to illustrate how the two perspectives (strong or holistic vs. weak or reductionistic) should be treated as perspectives, not exclusives, and should work together to address the issues of emergence.(Koestler 1969) Further,
"The ability to reduce everything to simple fundamental laws does not imply the ability to start from those laws and reconstruct the universe..The constructionist hypothesis breaks down when confronted with the twin difficulties of scale and complexity. At each level of complexity entirely new properties appear. Psychology is not applied biology, nor is biology applied chemistry. We can now see that the whole becomes not merely more, but very different from the sum of its parts."(Anderson 1972)
[edit] Objective or subjective quality
The properties of complexity and organization of any system are considered by Crutchfield to be subjective qualities determined by the observer.
"Defining structure and detecting the emergence of complexity in nature are inherently subjective, though essential, scientific activities. Despite the difficulties, these problems can be analysed in terms of how model-building observers infer from measurements the computational capabilities embedded in non-linear processes. An observer's notion of what is ordered, what is random, and what is complex in its environment depends directly on its computational resources: the amount of raw measurement data, of memory, and of time available for estimation and inference. The discovery of structure in an environment depends more critically and subtly, though, on how those resources are organized. The descriptive power of the observer's chosen (or implicit) computational model class, for example, can be an overwhelming determinant in finding regularity in data."(Crutchfield 1994)
On the other hand, Peter Corning argues "Must the synergies be perceived/observed in order to qualify as emergent effects, as some theorists claim? Most emphatically not. The synergies associated with emergence are real and measurable, even if nobody is there to observe them." (Corning 2002)
[edit] Emergence in philosophy
In philosophy, emergence is often understood to be a much stronger claim about the etiology of a system's properties. An emergent property of a system, in this context, is one that is not a property of any component of that system, but is still a feature of the system as a whole. Nicolai Hartmann, one of the first modern philosophers to write on emergence, termed this categorial novum (new category).
[edit] Emergent properties and processes
An emergent behaviour or emergent property can appear when a number of simple entities (agents) operate in an environment, forming more complex behaviours as a collective. If emergence happens over disparate size scales, then the reason is usually a causal relation across different scales. In other words there is often a form of top-down feedback in systems with emergent properties. The processes from which emergent properties result may occur in either the observed or observing system, and can commonly be identified by their patterns of accumulating change, most generally called 'growth'. Why emergent behaviours occur include: intricate causal relations across different scales and feedback, known as interconnectivity. The emergent property itself may be either very predictable or unpredictable and unprecedented, and represent a new level of the system's evolution. The complex behaviour or properties are not a property of any single such entity, nor can they easily be predicted or deduced from behaviour in the lower-level entities: they are irreducible. No physical property of an individual molecule of air would lead one to think that a large collection of them will transmit sound. The shape and behaviour of a flock of birds[1] or shoal of fish are also good examples.
One reason why emergent behaviour is hard to predict is that the number of interactions between components of a system increases combinatorially with the number of components, thus potentially allowing for many new and subtle types of behaviour to emerge. For example, the possible interactions between groups of molecules grows enormously with the number of molecules such that it is impossible for a computer to even count the number of arrangements for a system as small as 20 molecules.
On the other hand, merely having a large number of interactions is not enough by itself to guarantee emergent behaviour; many of the interactions may be negligible or irrelevant, or may cancel each other out. In some cases, a large number of interactions can in fact work against the emergence of interesting behaviour, by creating a lot of "noise" to drown out any emerging "signal"; the emergent behaviour may need to be temporarily isolated from other interactions before it reaches enough critical mass to be self-supporting. Thus it is not just the sheer number of connections between components which encourages emergence; it is also how these connections are organised. A hierarchical organisation is one example that can generate emergent behaviour (a bureaucracy may behave in a way quite different to that of the individual humans in that bureaucracy); but perhaps more interestingly, emergent behaviour can also arise from more decentralized organisational structures, such as a marketplace. In some cases, the system has to reach a combined threshold of diversity, organisation, and connectivity before emergent behaviour appears.
Unintended consequences and side effects are closely related to emergent properties. Luc Steels writes: "A component has a particular functionality but this is not recognizable as a subfunction of the global functionality. Instead a component implements a behaviour whose side effect contributes to the global functionality [...] Each behaviour has a side effect and the sum of the side effects gives the desired functionality" (Steels 1990). In other words, the global or macroscopic functionality of a system with "emergent functionality" is the sum of all "side effects", of all emergent properties and functionalities.
Systems with emergent properties or emergent structures may appear to defy entropic principles and the second law of thermodynamics, because they form and increase order despite the lack of command and central control. This is possible because open systems can extract information and order out of the environment.
Emergence helps to explain why the fallacy of division is a fallacy. According to an emergent perspective, intelligence emerges from the connections between neurons, and from this perspective it is not necessary to propose a "soul" to account for the fact that brains can be intelligent, even though the individual neurons of which they are made are not.
[edit] Emergent structures in nature
Emergent structures are patterns not created by a single event or rule. Nothing commands the system to form a pattern. Instead, the interaction of each part with its immediate surroundings causes a complex chain of processes leading to some order. One might conclude that emergent structures are more than the sum of their parts because the emergent order will not arise if the various parts are simply coexisting; the interaction of these parts is central. Emergent structures can be found in many natural phenomena, from the physical to the biological domain. For example, the shape of weather phenomena such as hurricanes are emergent structures.
It is useful to distinguish three forms of emergence structures. First-order emergence structures occurs as a result of shape interactions (for example, hydrogen bonds in water molecules lead to surface tension). Second-order emergence structures involves shape interactions played out sequentially over time (for example, changing atmospheric conditions as a snowflake falls to the ground build upon and alter its form). Finally, third-order emergence structures is a consequence of shape, time, and heritable instructions. For example, an organism's genetic code sets boundary conditions on the interaction of biological systems in space and time.
[edit] Non-living, physical systems
In physics, emergence is used to describe a property, law, or phenomenon which occurs at macroscopic scales (in space or time) but not at microscopic scales, despite the fact that a macroscopic system can be viewed as a very large ensemble of microscopic systems.
An emergent property need not be more complicated than the underlying non-emergent properties which generate it. For instance, the laws of thermodynamics are remarkably simple, even if the laws which govern the interactions between component particles are complex. The term emergence in physics is thus used not to signify complexity, but rather to distinguish which laws and concepts apply to macroscopic scales, and which ones apply to microscopic scales.
Some examples include:
- Colour: Elementary particles have no colour; it is only when they are arranged in atoms that they absorb or emit specific wavelengths of light and can thus be said to have a colour.
- Friction: Forces between elementary particles are conservative. However, friction emerges when considering more complex structures of matter, whose surfaces can convert mechanical energy into heat energy when rubbed against each other. Similar considerations apply to other emergent concepts in continuum mechanics such as viscosity, elasticity, tensile strength, etc.
- Classical mechanics: The laws of classical mechanics can be said to emerge as a limiting case from the rules of quantum mechanics applied to large enough masses. This may be puzzling, because quantum mechanics is generally thought of as more complicated than classical mechanics.
- Statistical mechanics was initially derived using the concept of a large enough ensemble that fluctuations about the most likely distribution can be all but ignored. However, small clusters do not exhibit sharp first order phase transitions such as melting, and at the boundary it is not possible to completely categorize the cluster as a liquid or solid, since these concepts are (without extra definitions) only applicable to macroscopic systems. Describing a system using statistical mechanics methods is much simpler than using a low-level atomistic approach.
Temperature is sometimes used as an example of an emergent macroscopic behaviour. In classical dynamics, a snapshot of the instantaneous momenta of a large number of particles at equilibrium is sufficient to find the average kinetic energy per degree of freedom which is proportional to the temperature. For a small number of particles the instantaneous momenta at a given time are not statistically sufficient to determine the temperature of the system. However, using the ergodic hypothesis, the temperature can still be obtained to arbitrary precision by further averaging the momenta over a long enough time.
Convection in a fluid or gas is another example of emergent macroscopic behaviour that makes sense only when considering differentials of temperature. Convection cells, particularly Bénard cells, are an example of a self-organizing system (more specifically, a dissipative system) whose structure is determined both by the constraints of the system and by random perturbations: the possible realizations of the shape and size of the cells depends on the temperature gradient as well as the nature of the fluid and shape of the container, but which configurations are actually realized is due to random perturbations (thus these systems exhibit a form of symmetry breaking).
In some theories of particle physics, even such basic structures as mass, space, and time are viewed as emergent phenomena, arising from more fundamental concepts such as the Higgs boson or strings. In some interpretations of quantum mechanics, the perception of a deterministic reality, in which all objects have a definite position, momentum, and so forth, is actually an emergent phenomenon, with the true state of matter being described instead by a wavefunction which need not have a single position or momentum. Most of the laws of physics themselves as we experience them today appear to have emerged during the course of time making emergence the most fundamental principle in the universe and raising the question of what might be the most fundamental law of physics from which all others emerged. Chemistry (including the evolution of both elements and molecules over time) can in turn be viewed as an emergent property of the laws of physics. Biology (including biological evolution) can be viewed as an emergent property of the laws of chemistry. Finally, psychology could at least theoretically be understood as an emergent property of biological laws.
[edit] Living, biological systems
Life is a major source of complexity, and evolution is the major principle or driving force behind life. In this view, evolution is the main reason for the growth of complexity in the natural world. If we speak of the emergence of complex living beings and life-forms, we refer therefore to processes of sudden changes in evolution.
Flocking is a well-known behaviour in many animal species from swarming locusts to fish and birds. Emergent structures are a common strategy found in many animal groups: colonies of ants, mounds built by termites, swarms of bees, shoals/schools of fish, flocks of birds, and herds/packs of mammals.
An example to consider in detail is an ant colony. The queen does not give direct orders and does not tell the ants what to do. Instead, each ant reacts to stimuli in the form of chemical scent from larvae, other ants, intruders, food and build up of waste, and leaves behind a chemical trail, which, in turn, provides a stimulus to other ants. Here each ant is an autonomous unit that reacts depending only on its local environment and the genetically encoded rules for its variety of ant. Despite the lack of centralized decision making, ant colonies exhibit complex behavior and have even been able to demonstrate the ability to solve geometric problems. For example, colonies routinely find the maximum distance from all colony entrances to dispose of dead bodies.
A broader example of emergent properties in biology is the combination of individual atoms to form molecules such as polypeptide chains, which in turn fold and refold to form proteins. These proteins, assuming their functional status from their spatial conformation, interact together to achieve higher biological functions and eventually create - organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, organisms. Cascade phenotype reactions, as detailed in Chaos theory, may arise from individual genes mutating respective positioning. [4] In turn, all the biological communities in the world form the biosphere, where its human participants form societies, and the complex interactions of meta-social systems such as the stock market.
[edit] Emergence in culture and engineering
Emergent processes or behaviours can be seen in many places, such as traffic patterns, cities, political systems of governance, cabal and market-dominant minority phenomena in politics and economics, organizational phenomena in computer simulations and cellular automata.
[edit] Economics
The stock market is an example of emergence on a grand scale. As a whole it precisely regulates the relative security prices of companies across the world, yet it has no leader; there is no one entity which controls the workings of the entire market. Agents, or investors, have knowledge of only a limited number of companies within their portfolio, and must follow the regulatory rules of the market and analyse the transactions individually or in large groupings. Trends and patterns emerge which are studied intensively by technical analysts.
[edit] World Wide Web
The World Wide Web (WWW) is a popular example of a decentralized system exhibiting emergent properties. There is no central organization rationing the number of links, yet the number of links pointing to each page follows a power law in which a few pages are linked to many times and most pages are seldom linked to. A related property of the network of links in the world wide web is that almost any pair of pages can be connected to each other through a relatively short chain of links. Although relatively well known now, this property was initially unexpected in an unregulated network. It is shared with many other types of networks called small-world networks.
[edit] Architecture and cities
Emergent structures appear at many different levels of organization or as spontaneous order. Emergent self-organization appears frequently in cities where no planning or zoning entity predetermines the layout of the city. (Krugman 1996, pp. 9-29) The interdisciplinary study of emergent behaviors is not generally considered a homogeneous field, but divided across its application or problem domains.
Often architects and landscapers will not design all the pathways of a complex of buildings. Instead they will let usage patterns emerge and then place pavement where pathways have become worn in.
The on-course action and vehicle progression of the 2007 Urban Challenge could possibly be regarded as an example of cybernetic emergence. Patterns of road use, nondeterministic obstacle clearance times, etc. will work together to form a complex emergent pattern that can not be deterministically planned in advance.
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Friday, May 27, 2011
Exhibitions Extended!
A lecture will be held on Saturday afternoon (MAY 28TH) at 2PM focusing on the great collaborations of writers and artists in comic books of the Modern Age. Then, on Monday evening, following the close of the shows, we'll be holding a Memorial Day after-party at Ground Control Alternative Karaoke at Jewel's Catch One (4067 West Pico Boulevard, Los Angeles, CA 90019). 6:30-9PM will be happy hour with no cover charge.
One week from today, we open a new exhibit of paintings from Glenn Barr, coinciding with the early release of his new graphic album from La Luz de Jesus Press & Last Gasp Books. It's been three long years since Glenn's shown solo, and the work in this new show is well worth the wait. In the other gallery, we'll be showcasing a room full of new Lyle Motley paintings that incorporate hand brazed steel with with his oil on panel meditations of figurative abstractions. In other words, there will be two great reasons to head back into the gallery next weekend. We'll have our old friends at Sino Tequila mixing up the best margaritas in town while our new pals at Perrier supply the soft drinks –and we just might have a food truck or two nearby.
Here's a taste of what's to come. Click the images to access full gallery previews!
Monday, May 23, 2011
La bande dessinée: Pop-Sequentialism in France
By the time I packed my luggage to embark on this journey, the synergy at home had launched a media storm that could not be contained: Free Comic Book Day resulted in unprecedented "sold-out" status for more titles than ever before; the Frank Miller and Klaus Jansen Dark Knight splash page offered at auction by Heritage realized the record price of $448,125.00 (plus a 19% buyer premium); and Kenneth Branagh's blockbuster Thor movie opened to critical and public praise as billboards for Captain America and Green Lantern began popping up all over the nation. The Pop-Sequentialism exhibit garnered the pick of the week in the L.A. Weekly, and the blogosphere was lit-up with feature reports on Artlog, Newsarama, Gothic.Net, Comic Book Resources, Illustration.org, Campus Circle, ChinaShop, Spectrum, SupahCute, Crackajack, Forces Of Geek, Bleeding Cool, Wizards World, and a little over 11,000 other site pages!
The Pop-Sequentialism exhibition catalog is available now for a limited time. It's formatted like an 80-Page Giant and priced accordingly at $7.95. The print run of 1,000 copies isn't expected to last beyond this year's Alternative Press Expo. Wholesale and retail orders can be fulfilled by emailing firstname.lastname@example.com.
In preparing the catalog for publication along with Peter Shire's Hokkaido Story, I realized that the La Luz de Jesus Press website was well out of date. So I completely redesigned the front page to reflect greater consistency with the La Luz de Jesus Gallery website, and updated the book list to reflect the 25 titles currently available or in solicitation.
In the last two years we've published new art volumes by Dennis Larkins, Chris Mars, Scott Musgrove, Myron Conan Dyal & Jennifer Logan. Next month we'll be presenting a new Glenn Barr book and by the fall, we'll be publishing a massive tome to celebrate the 25th Anniversary of La Luz de Jesus Gallery. By the end of the year, there will be a new Daniel Martin Diaz collection and we'll be announcing new titles from past collaborators alongside a handful of print debuts. A work in progress, the new La Luz de Jesus Press site will soon be expanded to include a selection of antiquarian titles from Billy Shire's personal archive, an easy to use shopping cart, and links to signing events and exhibitions at other galleries featuring our roster of published artists. The gallery site will soon feature a comprehensive, artist search index and a revamped posters & prints menu. These improvements have been a long time coming, and it's my intent to present a better, more user-friendly experience for visitors both actual and virtual.
It's going to be a very exciting summer!
Thursday, May 5, 2011
Comic Books Are Fine Art!
"With great power must also come great responsibility." –Amazing Fantasy #15
Few art forms have gone as unchanged and unrespected for as long as sequential art, and yet none has had as tremendous an impact as the superhero comic book. Veritable templates for inspiration, comic book superheroes are the post-modern mythology, encouraging generations of global youth while reflecting the society that spawned them. More than just dynamic illustrations on a page, the comic book is a medium that tells stories, and by presenting an exhibition that celebrates the collaborations of the greatest storytellers, my intention is to open a serious dialogue on the importance of this art form.
And this would seem to be the time for it.
This past year, ten paintings by Andy Warhol – an artist who began his career riffing on the iconography of comic books, broke auction house records with realized sales surpassing one hundred, thirty-six million dollars. If there is a single bridge between post-war and pop art, it would have to be comic books. The fact that painted misappropriations of iconic comic book images command the respect (and extravagant prices) long denied to their source material is ironic in the truest sense of the word. Collectors of sequential production art have been privy to the biggest bargain in contemporary art for decades, making it all but impossible to organize a gallery sale of the absolute best. This show features forty important examples of modern comic book art from multiple, award-winning writers and artists, and there isn't a single piece priced above three thousand dollars thus presenting a golden point of entry for patrons looking to diversify their Pop-Art collections with some of the most exciting creations from the pride of the genre.
This is the first important survey of comic book art from the modern era.
In years past there have been a handful of museum exhibitions showcasing art from comic's Golden and Silver Ages and there have been several shows dedicated to individual titles or imprints, but never before has such a landmark, and all-encompassing collection been offered for sale as part of a single, gallery exhibition. I started collecting some of the pieces for this show over fifteen years ago, and it became apparent very quickly that hesitation was not an option. Most collectors of comic book art are voracious readers and collectors of the comic books that showcase that art. As such, pages depicting pivotal events from popular titles become highly sought not only for the art, but for the significance within the cannon. Pages featuring main characters in dynamic action are among the most highly sought, but more so are the first and final appearances of new heroes and villains, and those in which the story changes direction or a character's origin is revealed. Once purchased, the odds of them ever coming up for resale (affordably) is usually between slim and none. These pages represent more than just that which is pictured to the collectors who fondly recall all of the events of a series in that single page. To the comic book faithful, owning a Watchmen or All-Star Superman page is like owning the entire era in which those series were released, which also represents the rise of the comic book writer as media superstar.
All of the works featured in this show are from comic books released in the last 25 years. To some, this is the Copper Age, the Iron Age or the Dark Age, but to most it is simply the Modern Age. This era was christened by the back-to-back releases of Frank Miller's Batman: The Dark Knight and Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen. These and other early masterpieces from writers Moore & Miller helped to shape all the relevant work that followed, including every piece highlighted in this focused exhibition of heroic fiction. I'd love to be able to claim that every signature collaboration released in the two and a half decades that have followed is represented herein, but that was simply not possible. Pages from modern masterpieces like Miller's Daredevil and Dark Knight Returns or Moore's Miracle Man and Killing Joke were snatched up long ago and routinely command peak prices on the rare occasions that they re-enter the marketplace. Bidding on a Dark Knight splash just opened at Heritage Auctions for $100,000.00. There are many others who have made tremendous contributions to the medium who are likewise not represented, due mostly to the unavailability of key pieces, but I think you'd be hard pressed to find a better collection of Eisner, Harvey, and Inkpot Award winning work from the last 25 years.
Beginning with Alan Moore and Dave Gibbons' Watchmen (first published in 1986) and arriving at Brian Michael Bendis and Michael Avon Oeming's Powers (still publishing, and headed for a television set near you), Pop- Sequentialism includes original artwork from the landmark series and quintessential collaborations that have crossed beyond comic book fandom into the Pop zeitgeist, changing the perceptions and preconceptions of the hobby, the format and the culture.
I've been collecting pieces for this show for more than 15 years, so clearly this is not a passing fancy of mine. And I while I may be preaching to the choir, it is my very strong belief that comic books are fine art. That this particular brand of fine art happens also to be commercial should be cause for celebration not condemnation. When I selected the show premiere date of May 6, 2011 (two years ago), this was the only event happening in the world of comic book art. When I handed out over 5,000 postcards at Comicon International last year announcing the line-up of artist and writers, the release date of the Thor film had not yet been selected and Free Comic Book Day was barely slated for the first Saturday in May. There was definitely no evidence to suggest that a Frank Miller Dark Knight page would be offered via Heritage Auctions or that it would sell for more than one hundred thousand dollars on the same weekend. I by no means claim credit for this convergence of events, but I thank the powers that be for this incredible synergy. There will be three separate film crews covering the opening night celebration. I will be releasing my first book, a catalog of this exhibition. That book is 80 pages from cover-to-cover and it's available now from La Luz de Jesus Press for $7.95 plus shipping. It was important to me to keep it comic book sized (prestige format, like Dark Knight) and to make it affordable like the 80-Page Giants that inspired it.
Many comic book pros, filmmakers, musicians and other kindred spirits will be there, and I invite all of you and all of your friends. Please RSVP to email@example.com to get added to the guest list or to buy a catalog for the first Fine Art survey of Modern Comic Book Art. If this is a success, I'm sure that museum exhibitions will be next, and Pop-Sequentialism will become an ongoing event that can change focus by genre, process and other criteria that will keep the idea fresh while furthering the cause for increasing the respect for this criminally underrated medium.
Matt Kennedy, your brother in geekdom.
POP-SEQUENTIALISM: Great Comic Book Art of the Modern Age
May 6-29, 2011. Opens Friday, May 6th @ 8PM.
La Luz de Jesus Gallery
4633 Hollywood Blvd.
Los Angeles, CA 90027
Wednesday, May 4, 2011
Hokkaido Story Revisited: Previews Tomorrow Night!
I first met Peter Shire in 1991 when I was a register jockey at his brother Billy Shire's shop, The Soap Plant, then on Melrose Ave. He struck me as a good-natured, gregarious fellow with a penchant for bad puns and a quiet, steady vocal delivery that almost invariably ended with a smile. I'm happy to say that twenty years later not much has changed. His amiability is as delightfully forthright as ever and his puns are even more groan-worthy. What has changed in the two decades past is the sheer volume of acclaim that his work has received.
Peter's first public art commission in 1986 has grown to more than thirty worldwide. His teapots are ubiquitous and (along with his other ceramics and furniture designs) have caused something of a pop revolution. Whether fashioning delicate-looking flowers from steel or evoking monumental scale via fragile, hand-forged porcelain, his bright and eclectic color palette remains consistent with his colorful and playful personality.
If you've ever visited Shire's Echo Park studio, located mere blocks from the house he grew up in, you'll have been treated to a proper espresso, ground and brewed from a machine gifted him by his fellow Memphis Group collaborators. His graciousness as a host is a copacetic antithesis to the stimulation overload that doubles as his think tank, office, and work space. Once you've recovered from the organized chaos, keen observation will reveal a single pattern that pervades nearly all his multi-faceted work: succinct minimalism, redolent of Japanese flower arrangement. How a Sephardic Jew raised in a predominantly Latino neighborhood came to embody the essence of Ikebana is anyone's guess, but Japanese Industrialists came to notice it.
The selection of pieces contained in this volume are the beneficiaries of a three-month 1992 design project in Hokkaido, Japan. Salvaged brewing factory materials were transformed into incredible, contemporary and fundamentally Japanese works of art. These sculptures remained on display in Japan until 2008, when they were rescued from receivership and returned to California. In November 2010, they were loaned to Santa Monica College and exhibited in the Barrett Art Gallery.
Now, in May 2011, on the 25th anniversary of Peter Shire's first public art project –and nearly twenty years after these seminal works were first constructed, La Luz de Jesus Gallery is pleased to be the first commercial space to not only display these great works of art, but offer them publicly to private collections: Hokkaido Story Revisited.
It is perfectly fitting that Shire's work should return to the neighborhood of his childhood, and personally gratifying that on the vigintennial of our first meeting, I get to be the one to present it.
Matthew Kennedy
Hokkaido Story Revisited: Late Spring
May 6th - May 29th
Artist Reception & Preview:
Thursday May, 5th 7-9PM


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Cool 60's Jazz, Soul, funk, blues and boogaloo.
Wesley Green and the 45's play funky Hammond driven jazz from the 60's and 70's. Inspired by the sounds of Jimmy Smith, Lou Donaldson and Grant Green, this quartet delivers a super cool retro mix of Boogaloo and Funk sounds. The band is based in Central Victoria and features Justin Marshall, Hammond organ, Michael Timcke, saxophone, Matt Saunders, guitar and Brodie Rogers on drums.


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The authors of the report present their assessment of the outlook for the relationship of two different economic systems that are trying to set the course for further strategic cooperation. The fundamental analysis makes it possible to systematically approach the development and implementation of a strategy for the development of a region for which China is a potential source of investment and initiatives.
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NZ Mountain Film Festival: Redemption
The James Pearson Story tells the controversial story of one of the World's best trad climbers. After a dramatic rise to become one of the top climbers in the UK, controversy surrounding the grading of his routes left him feeling ostracised from the climbing scene. The film tells James' story and follows his return to the UK as he faces his demons and looks to redeem his place within the UK climbing community.
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Paul Diffley
James Pearson