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Deduplication Architecture
How does Deduplication Work
Deduplication Store
What is a Deduplication Store
Supported Platforms
Disk Specifications for Hosting the Deduplication Store
Evaluating The Disk For Hosting Deduplication Store
Measuring the Deduplication Disk Performance
Managing the Deduplication Store
Setting up the Minimum Free Space
Setting up an Alert For Free Space
Setting the Age of the Primary Block
Setting up Data Compression
Changing the MediaAgent Hosting the Store
Changing the Location of the Deduplication Store
Configuring Deduplication Store Creation
Sealing Deduplication Store
Backing Up Deduplication Database
From CommCell Console
From Command Line
Configure Alerts for Deduplication Store Backup
Deduplication Database Recovery
Setting Up Automatic Recovery
Manually Reconstructing a Store
Deduplication Store Failover
Variable Content Alignment
Enabling Deduplication in Secondary Copies
Enabling Inline Copy for Deduplicated Primary Copy
Setting up Deduplication for Existing Non-Deduplicated Data
Look-Ahead Reader
Configuring Signature Generation
Data Aging
Disabling Deduplication
Suspending/Resuming Deduplication
Rebooting a MediaAgent Hosting the Deduplication Store
Related Reports
Reconstruct Deduplication Database Job Summary Report
Storage Policy Report
Disk Usage
License Requirements
|Deduplication provides a smart and efficient method to store
data by identifying and eliminating the duplicate items in backups. When
data is backed up for the first time, all the data is stored physically.
If the same data is subsequently identified in another backup operation,
then it is stored as a pointer to the previously stored copy.
Deduplication is performed at the data block level by comparing blocks of data against each other. Block level deduplication allows you to deduplicate data within a given object. If an object (file, database, etc.) contains blocks of data that are identical to each other, then deduplication eliminates storing the redundant data and reduces the size of objects in storage.
Consider a backup containing data from Exchange Server or SQL Server database. Deduplication will divide the data into individual data blocks and then compare the different blocks against each other. If a data block is unique, then the block is stored on the media. If a data block is found to be identical to an existing block, then it is stored as a pointer to that block.
Identical data blocks within an object, as well as from objects within the same storage policy copy are deduplicated.
The diagram on the right illustrates the deduplication process.
Deduplication uses a hashing algorithm to compare data. A Signature Generation module computes the hashed signature for each block and then compares it with the existing signatures maintained in a Deduplication Store to determine whether it is identical. Based on the comparison, the MediaAgent performs one of the following operations:
The deduplicated data are stored in specially designed container files to increase the system throughput and scalability.
Deduplication is easy-to-use and does not require additional configurations once it is setup. The following table describes the various operations when deduplication is enabled.
|Backup Operations
|The sequence of operations is almost similar to a regular
backup job when deduplication is enabled.
When a backup job is initiated the backup module secures the data and starts the data transfer module to the MediaAgent. The following sequence of events occur when data is secured:
|Restore Operations
|Data Recovery operations are identical to regular restore
operations and are virtually unaffected by deduplication.
Deduplication store is not contacted for normal restore operations, except when the data is not available in the disk.
All types of restore operations (including Restore by Jobs and Restoring from copies) are supported.
|Auxiliary Copy
|Auxiliary Copy operations will automatically unravel
or explode the deduplicated data, if deduplication is not enabled in the
If the secondary copy is set up for Deduplication, then a separate Deduplication Store gets created for the copy and the associated data is deduplicated for secondary copy.
|Data Aging Operations
|Data Aging operations will automatically look up the
Deduplication Store before data is deleted from the disk.
Data Aging will only delete the source data when all the references to a given block is pruned.
So if you see older chunks in disk libraries remaining on the volume even if the original data is deleted, it might be due to the fact that valid deduplication reference(s) to the chunk exists within the data.
|Data Encryption and Data Compression
|When Data Encryption and/or Data Compression are enabled
the system automatically runs the signature module after data compression
and before data encryption. If the setup contradicts this order, the system
will automatically perform compression, signature generation and encryption
in the source client computer.
When you have a primary copy that is encrypted (and is not deduplicated), enabling deduplication on a secondary copy will not accomplish any viable deduplication on the secondary copy. This is because each backup includes unique encryption keys which in turn will cause unique signatures for each backup.
|Data Multiplexing
|Data Multiplexing is not supported with Deduplication.
Also a storage policy copy enabled for Deduplication cannot have a
direct or indirect source copy enabled for Data Multiplexing.
However an Auxiliary Copy can be configured with Data Multiplexing when the source copy is enabled for Deduplication.
|Spool Copy
|Deduplication-enabled Storage Policy Copies cannot be configured as Spool Copies. Note that existing deduplicated Spool Copies will continue to exist until the Spool Copy retention setting is removed; once removed, the deduplicated copy cannot be configured as a Spool Copy.
|Deduplication Jobs on Migrated CommCell
|After CommCell Migration, the Deduplication Store operates
in the read-only mode in the destination CommCell.
The migrated (deduplication enabled) storage policies in the destination CommCell can be used to restore the deduplicated data migrated from the source CommCell and to perform Auxiliary Copy operation with the migrated data as the source.
Migrated Storage Policies in the destination CommCell cannot be used to deduplicate new backup operations.
The Deduplication store (or the Deduplication Database) serves as the repository for signatures associated with all blocks that are backed up. It also has the reference counts to copies of the blocks that are backed up using the storage policy copy.
Deduplication stores are maintained for each Storage Policy Copy that has the deduplication option enabled. Multiple MediaAgents can be a part of the same copy and use the same Deduplication Store provided the libraries accessed by the MediaAgents are configured as static shared libraries and accessible from all the MediaAgents.
The Deduplication Store is configured when creating a storage policy copy, both for primary and secondary storage policy copies. Any MediaAgent can be associated in the Deduplication Store.
The MediaAgent associated with data store could be any one of the MediaAgents in the data paths, or outside of the data path too. You can also change the MediaAgent hosting the Deduplication Store.
Deduplication store can be located on any of the following platforms:
|All platforms supported by Windows MediaAgents, except
64-bit editions on Intel Itanium (IA64) and Windows XP.
Supported on NTFS.
|All platforms supported by Linux MediaAgents, except
Power PC (Includes IBM System p).
Supported on ext3 and ext4.
|Microsoft Cluster Service (MSCS)
|Clusters supported by Windows MediaAgents.
Supported on NTFS.
|Linux Cluster
|Clusters supported by Linux MediaAgents.
Supported on ext3 and ext4.
|Never delete the Deduplication Store manually. The Deduplication Store facilitates the deduplication of backup jobs and data aging jobs. If deleted, new deduplicated backup jobs cannot be performed and the existing data in the disk mount paths will never be pruned.
To ensure optimal performance for deduplication operations, the disk hosting the Deduplication Store must satisfy the following specifications. Note that these specifications are only for the disk hosting the Deduplication Store, and not for the entire mount path.
Ensure that the average read throughput of the disk is around 500 GB per hour, and the average write throughput of the disk is around 400GB per hour.
Calculate the average read and write throughputs from multiple samples (between three and ten), for a FILECOUNT of 500.
Use the steps described in Measuring the Disk Performance to measure the disk throughput.
UNC path is not supported for Deduplication Store access.
The following section provides information on how to evaluate the disk in which you plan to create the Deduplication Store. This will help you to determine the size of the data and store that can be hosted on the disk.
You can also use the user-interface version of this tool. See SIDB Simulator for more details and usage.
|Running the Tool
Run the following file from the MediaAgent computer hosting
the Deduplication Store.
C:/Program Files/CommVault/Simpana/Base/SIDB2.exe
|SIDB2 -simulateddb -p <SidbLocation>
-in <Instance#> [-datasize] [-dratio] [-blocksize] [tlimit] [-diskperf -tpath]
[-user] [-password] [-domain]
Options in [] denotes optional arguments
-simulateddb is the keyword to simulate the deduplication database to evaluate the disk compatibility for hosting the deduplication store.
-p is the location (an empty directory) where the deduplication store will be located.
-in is the instance of the software using the tool.
-datasize is the application data size in GB. Number.
-dratio is the expected deduplicaiton ratio. Number (default value is 5.)
-blocksize is the deduplication data block size in KB. Number (default is 128.)
-tlimit is the value in microsecond. Number (default value is 1000.) -tlimit and -datasize arguments cannot be used together.
-samplesize is the size of the sample. Number (default values is 10000.)
-diskperf and -tpath. Diskperf is the keyword to measure disk performance and tpath is the path of the disk. If you use -diskperf, -tpath is mandatory.
-keepddb is the option to keep the deduplication database files. The files are removed by default.
-stopCounter signifies how many additional iterations to process after reaching the threshold time. This is to limit spikes caused by caching. (default value is 50.)
|Example 1
|For the details on the projected average transaction
time for an insert/query in the deduplication database based on the size
of the application data that is backed up, use the tool with the
-simulateddb and
-datasize options.
SIDB2 -simulateddb -in instance001 -p d:\dedup_store -datasize 500
Sample output
The disk is capable of hosting a deduplication DB for:
0.500 TB of Application Data Size
0.100 TB of data on disk
146.0 microseconds average Q&I overhead perblock
Throughput for DDb server 3156 GB per Hour
|Example 2
|For recommendations on the maximum application data size
that can be backed up using the store based on the average access time for
each record, use the tool with the -simulateddb.
This will run till it reaches the default threshold time limit of 1000
SIDB2 -simulateddb -in instance001 -p d:\dedup_store
|Example 3
|For recommendations on disk performance, use the tool
with the -simulateddb and
-diskperf options.
SIDB2 -simulateddb -in instance001 -p d:\dedup_store -datasize 100 -diskperf -tpath d:\disktest
Use the following steps to measure the disk throughput for the disk in which you plan to create the Deduplication Store.
|Running the Tool
Run the following file from the MediaAgent computer hosting
the Deduplication Store.
C:/Program Files/CommVault/Simpana/Base/CvDiskPerf.exe
CvDiskPerf -READWRITE -PATH <SIDB path> -RANDOM -FILECOUNT <filecount> -USER <username> -PASSWORD <password> -DOMAIN <domain> -OUTFILE <outputfile>
./CVDiskPerf -READWRITE -PATH <path> -RANDOM -FILECOUNT <filecount> -OUTFILE <outputfile>
-READWRITE is the option to measure read/write performance.
-PATH is the deduplication store mount path to be tested for performance.
-RANDOM is the keyword to measure random read/write operations (Optional). By default, sequential read/write operations are measured.
-FILECOUNT is the number of files used in the read and write operations (Optional). Default value is 1024.
-USER, -PASSWORD, and -DOMAIN are options to provide specific user credentials to impersonate access to the path provided in the �PATH option (Optional). By default, the application user-credential will be used. If domain name is not provided, then the default domain will be used.
-OUTFILE is the location of the output file to store the disk performance results (Optional). Default value is '.\CvDiskPerf.txt'
|Sample Commands
CvDiskPerf -READWRITE -PATH c:\SIDB01 -OUTFILE c:\temp\perf.txt
CvDiskPerf -READWRITE -RANDOM -PATH c:\SIDB01 -OUTFILE c:\temp\perf.txt
CvDiskPerf -READWRITE -RANDOM -PATH c:\SIDB01 -USER commuser �PASSWORD commpw -OUTFILE c:\temp\perf.txt
./CVDiskPerf -READWRITE -RANDOM -PATH /test1 -OUTFILE /tmp/CVDISKLIB01.log
|The details of the disk performance are stored in the output file provided
in the -OUTFILE option. The contents of a sample
output file are given below:
DiskPerf Version : 1.3
Path Used : f:\
Read-Write type : RANDOM
Block Size : 128
Block Count : 1024
File Count : 500
Total Bytes Written : 1048576000
Time Taken to Write(S) : 7.113515
Throughput Write(GB/H) : 494.217709
Total Bytes Read : 1048576000
Time Taken to Read(S) : 7.581667
Throughput Read(GB/H) : 463.700792
Time Taken to Create(S) : 1.16
Throughput Create(GB/H) : 325.04
Ensure that the average read throughput of the disk is around 500 GB per hour, and the average write throughput of the disk is around 400GB per hour.
Calculate the average read and write throughputs from multiple samples (between three and ten), for a FILECOUNT of 500.
The following table provides a sample of the disk performance calculation:
Disk Performance
Throughput in GB/Hour
|Sample 1
|Sample 2
|Sample 3
|Sample 4
|Sample 5
|Sample 6
|Sample 7
|Sample 8
|Sample 9
|Sample 10
The minimum free space that must be available at all times in the volume in which the Deduplication Store is configured. By default, if the free space is less than 2GB on the volume hosting the Deduplication Store, jobs will not continue.
Use the following steps to set the minimum free space.
If the amount of free space falls below the specified amount in the volume in which the Deduplication Store is stored, the MediaAgent generates an event message and generates the MediaAgents (Disk Space Low) alert, if configured.
Use the following steps to set the minimum free space to generate the alert:
You can set the number of days after which a block cannot be used for new deduplication. Setting this value will ensure that very old blocks are not allowed as the 'origin' data for newer backup jobs that are deduplicated.
Use the following steps to set the number of days after which a block cannot be used for deduplication:
By default when deduplication storage policy is configured, compression is automatically enabled for the storage policy copy. This setting overrides the subclient compression settings by enabling Use Storage Policy Settings option at subclient level. For most of the data types the compression is recommended. This process works by compressing the blocks and then generating a signature hash on the compressed block.
Use the following steps to enable data compression for all subclients to storage policy:
By default, all associated subclients uses the compression settings set on the deduplication storage policy copy. To modify or turn off the compression settings on the subclients, use the following steps:
Perform the following to change the MediaAgent hosting the deduplication store:
Make sure that there are no SIDB.exe and SIDB2.exe process are running on the MediaAgent from which the SIDB currently resides. Use the following steps to confirm that no process are running:
|For Windows:
For Linux:
You need to manually copy the content available in the current Deduplication Store to the new mediaagent which you want to host the Deduplication Store. Use the following steps to copy the content available in the current Deduplication Store:
|You cannot copy the deduplication database (SIDB) from Windows to Linux or from Linux to Windows location.
Use the following steps to change the MediaAgent hosting the Deduplication Store:
If your old MediaAgent is in use hosting deduplication store for other storage policies and libraries or for backup, use the following steps to start the services.
|For Windows:
For Linux:
Use the following steps to change the location of the Deduplication Store in the existing MediaAgent:
By default, a new Deduplication Store is created for every 100 TB of data. Note that this is the amount of data stored on the media after deduplication.
Use the following steps to create new Deduplication Store:
The currently active Deduplication Store can be sealed on-demand.
When a Deduplication Store is sealed:
The option to Seal Deduplication Stores is useful in rare cases when there are hardware issues or disk malfunction. Creating a new store will prevent new data from referencing any of the old data in the malfunctioned disks.
Use the following steps to seal the Deduplication Store:
Use the following method to backup the deduplication database so that it can be reconstructed in the unlikely event of an offline deduplication database. If this method is not used, the system will automatically use the automatic recovery process as described in Setting Up Automatic Recovery to reconstruct the database.
This is the recommended method of protecting the deduplication database. If there are multiple deduplication databases on the MediaAgent, this method automatically backs up all the deduplication databases.
This method performs a FULL backup of the deduplication database and the backup data is sent to the appropriate backup media based on the storage policy selected for the Deduplication Database subclient.
|If you have deduplication database hosted on Linux Intel Itanium (IA64) machine, deduplication database backups using DDB subclient is not supported. To backup deduplication databases, use automatic recovery process described in Setting Up Automatic Recovery.
Use the following steps to set up regular backup of deduplication database through CommCell Console:
Use the following steps to create DDB subclient, assign storage policy to the subclient and then schedule the DDB backup.
|File System iDataAgent
must be installed on the MediaAgent hosting the deduplication store.
You can install the File System iDataAgent as a Restore Only Agent without consuming any license.
To do so, make sure to select Install Agents for Restore Only check box from the Select Platforms dialog box during File System iDataAgent installation.
|See Getting Started - Windows File System Deployment for step-by-step procedure.
|Click Schedule and then click OK.
|Click OK.
The new Deduplicate Database Store subclient will be displayed in the right-pane.
|When the schedule is run, the Job Controller window
will display the backup job as shown in the sample image.
Use the following steps to set automatic recovery of a deduplication database.
|When the system detects a offline deduplication database, the Job Controller window will display the recover job as shown in the sample image.
Use the following steps to create DDB subclient through command line.
SAMPLE XML Parameter
<?xml version="1.0"?>
<subClientProperties contentOperationType="ADD">
<subClientEntity subclientName="DDBsubclient" clientName="Name of the MediaAgent" appName="File System"/>
<fsSubClientProp isDDBSubclient="true"/>
<dataBackupStoragePolicy storagePolicyName="Name of the Storage Policy"/>
Additionally, you can configure alert for deduplication store backup jobs to receive alerts when a deduplication store backup job fails and when there are no deduplication backup jobs.
Use the following steps to configure alert for the deduplication database backup:
When the system detects an offline deduplication database (DDB), the DDB reconstruction job can be run to recover the DDB. During the deduplication database reconstruction job, the data in the DDB is validated against the CommServe database to ensure that both the databases are synchronized for successful recovery of the DDB. In addition, it allows you to use the same DDB in the future.
The following sections explain the different methods of recovering the deduplication database.
When a system detects a offline deduplication store, the 'recover job' will automatically run to restore the deduplication store from the deduplication backup which was backed up using DDB subclient.
See Backing Up Deduplication Store Database for more information on backing up deduplication store.
Use the following steps to revert to the default settings if you have changed the store recovery points.
You can choose to recover from a offline deduplication store by manually reconstructing the store. If a offline deduplication store is detected, all jobs on that copy are paused until the store is manually reconstructed.
Use the following steps to configure and perform manual reconstruction:
You can choose to automatically create a new Deduplication Store in the event the active store becomes offline and deduplication database backup is not available. When configured, if a offline store is detected then the store is automatically sealed and a new store is created.
Use the following steps to automatically create a new Deduplication Store when the store becomes offline and deduplication database backup is not available:
Variable content alignment is performed on the client system and consequently you may experience some performance overhead, especially when used together with software compression. You can enable variable content alignment as follows:
Deduplication can be enabled for secondary copies during Storage Policy Copy creation. Once the copy is created, deduplication cannot be enabled later.
Click OK to accept the default schedule.
Secondary Copy is displayed in the Storage Policy pane.
When the Primary Copy is deduplicated, you might want to create additional copies for offline storage. Note that you could use the auxiliary copy feature for this. But to create an Auxiliary Copy you would have to wait until the primary copy becomes available. This could cause delays in getting the data offsite. The Inline Copy feature allows you to create additional copies of data at the time of backups. Since the Primary Copy is the source for the Inline Copy the Inline Copy can be created along with the Primary Copy. However, note that the Inline Copy does not get deduplicated.
If necessary you can promote the secondary copy as the primary copy so that subsequent backups are automatically deduplicated.
To reduce the time taken to read the data during restore and auxiliary copy operations, deduplication-enabled operations can be performed using look-ahead reader. Use the following steps to enable the look ahead reader, by creating DataMoverUseLookAheadLinkReader registry key on the MediaAgent where the disk library is created.
|Look-Ahead Reader operation is not applicable for Cloud Storage Library.
The signature generation module generates signatures for each block. This is done using SHA 512 (Secure Hash Algorithm) along with the size of the data. This combination eliminates the possibility of collisions, where two blocks hash to the same value.
The signature generation module can be configured either on the Client or the MediaAgent. Note that it is recommended to be run on the Client as it is both memory and resource intensive. Follow the steps described below to configure the signature generation:
Data Aging operations will automatically look up the deduplication store before data is deleted from the disk. Data Aging will only delete the source data when all the references to a given block is aged. So if you see older chunks in disk libraries remaining on the volume even if the original data is deleted, it might be due to the fact that deduplication reference(s) to the chunk is still valid.
If a deduplication store is offline, then that store will not be aged until all data on the store is eligible for aging.
Do not manually delete the Deduplication Store. The Deduplication Store facilitates the deduplication backup jobs and data aging jobs. If deleted, new deduplicated backup jobs cannot be performed and the existing data in the disk mount paths will never be aged.
Once enabled, deduplication cannot be disabled on a storage policy copy. However, you can use the following workaround to disable deduplication:
Although deduplication cannot be disabled, it can be temporarily suspended. Suspend deduplication to temporarily detach the Deduplication Store to gain access to the store, for diagnostics and maintenance purposes. Once you resume deduplication, the signature verification and data deduplication is resumed.
Follow the step-by-step instructions described below to suspend/resume:
Depending on the size of the Deduplication database, this process might take as long as 30 minutes to complete.
simpana stop
ps �aef | grep sidb
Depending on the size of the Deduplication database, this process might take as long as 30 minutes to complete.
When a MediaAgent hosting the deduplication database (DDB) attempts to reboot or power off, by default the system doesn't halt and the operating system will shut down regardless of any processes that are running.
However, SIDB process has a built-in capability to receive the shutdown notification and to bring down the deduplication database gracefully if there is enough amount of time between the shutdown notification and the actual machine shutdown. In case where the graceful stopping of the DDB takes more time than the OS allows, it may still damage the DDB. In order to prevent the shutdown while the SIDB process is still running, the following method is suggested, which will prevent the shutdown in most of the cases.
To allow system to shut down gracefully when SIDB process is running, perform the following on Windows computer.
For Linux, the Simpana stop automatically handles the graceful shutdown of the MediaAgent.
Note that when MediaAgent attempts to reboot or shut down, the existing CVD process attempts to stop so that it do not accept any more requests. By setting up the below script, if there are any SIDB process that are running at this period, the CVD process will go into Stopping state and wait for SIDB process to gracefully exit before shutting down.
This installs Update 34948 which automatically executes the AddScripttoShutdownGPO.exe script. This script allows the system to delay the reboot or shutdown till it reaches the grace period.
If StopProc.vbs script is not populated then perform the following:
From the Command Prompt, navigate to the following location:
<Installation Directory>\Base
Run the following command:
AddScripttoShutdownGPO.exe -vm InstanceXXX
Repeat step 2 to verify that the StopProc.vbs script is populated in the Shutdown Properties.
This waiting time prevents the shutdown while the SIDB process is running, allows the process to stop gracefully and not to damage the deduplication database.
To uninstall the script perform the following:
<Installation Directory>\Base
AddScripttoShutdownGPO.exe -vm InstanceXXX -uninstall
Once you run the above command, you will not see any delay in rebooting of your machine.
When a Deduplication Store is offline, the Deduplication Store is automatically reconstructed based on the Deduplication Store availability options. This Reconstruct Deduplication Database report provides the information about the storage policy, Deduplication Store name to which it was reconstructed and status of the restore job.
The following procedure provides the steps necessary to run a Reconstruct Deduplication Database report:
The Storage Policy report provides deduplication related information including deduplication properties and Deduplication Store information. The following procedure provides the steps necessary to run Storage Policy report:
The disk usage report provides the following information:
Use the following steps to run the Disk Usage report:
Deduplication requires following licenses based on the License Type:
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text:
This runner was inspired from Kelly Wilkinson's book Weekend Handmade. My sister bought this book for me for my birthday, and I must say that it is simply a lovely book. Full of simple yet elegant craft ideas. Most of which can easily be completed in a weekend, or even in an hour or so. I highly recommend it to crafters of all skill levels.
Any who, this project really could not be easier. All you need is a piece of felt, good scissors, and shape templates. If you are good at free styling, you do not even need the templates. I opted for cups and bowls of different shapes for my circles.
|Yes, those are Dr. Who salt & pepper shakers... how awesome!
Really, it is too easy to even do a proper tutorial. The key though is to have sharp scissors and make sure that you cut the felt in nice long strokes. That will make your cut lines neat. So all you do is cut the felt to the size you want your runner, then cut out shapes to decorate it. Easy peasy.
I opted to outline my circles with a zigzag stitch, but really this is optional as well. The stitching made the circles a bit wonky, but I say that just shows that they are made with love and not store bought!
Have fun and be creative! I hope you enjoy.

subset: commoncrawl


text:
5205 Blackwood Drive
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Estimated payment ∕month**
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Live in one of the most sought after neighborhoods in McKinney. Fabulous location with a wonderful floor plan and amazing Prosper ISD schools. An adorable front porch welcomes you as you enter into a well maintained, move in ready home. A nice open floor plan with office, dining room, great kitchen with lots of storage, huge master suite, designer colors and recently installed upgraded laminate floors throughout. A large second living area up with media room, and three fantastic sized bedrooms, this home has it all. Do not miss the great sized backyard and elementary school with in the neighborhood.
Additional Property Details
Homeowners Association (HOA)
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*Note: All room dimensions, including square footage data, are approximate and must be verified by the buyer.
The information contained herein is furnished by the owner to the best of his/her knowledge, but is subject to verification by the purchaser, and agent assumes no responsibility for the correctness thereof. The sale offering is made subject to errors, omissions, change of price, prior sale, or withdrawal without notice. In accordance with the Law, this property is offered without respect to race, color, creed, national origin, sex, familial status or disability. This is not intended to solicit property currently listed.
**Assumes 4.25% APR, 20% down payment, and conventional 30-year fixed rate first mortgage. Rates cited are for instructional purposes only; current rates are subject to change at any time without notice. You should not make any decisions based simply on the information provided. Additional required amounts such as taxes, insurance, home owner association dues, assessments, mortgage insurance premiums, flood insurance or other such required payments should also be considered. Contact your mortgage company for current rates and additional information.Listing Agent:Christine Hogan
Broker:Coldwell Banker Apex, REALTORS
Safety Rating
Commute to Work
School Districts
Results received from this calculator are designed for comparative purposes only, and accuracy is not guaranteed.
(877) 275-1762Alex.Parker@
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When you decide to buy a home or refinance your mortgage, your search should start and end here. At Prosperity Home Mortgage, LLC, we strive to create an extraordinary customer experience through the efforts of knowledgeable and caring mortgage professionals where relationships are valued, and the focus is on treating every client as if they were the only client. Choose a lender you can trust to find the mortgage loan that best suits your needs.
4 Beds 2.1 Baths 2,820 Sq Ft
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text:
Father Tony's powerful statement on 17th March is now on this website -go to 'Sunday Sermon'.
Fr Tony's homily with this title is now up on this website. Go to 'Sunday Sermons'.
Fr Tony's homily for last Sunday is now here - go to 'Sunday Sermons'.
The hall has WiFi again.The router is: Netgear41.Password is: grandcomet148
The homily for Sunday 7th October is now on this website. Go to 'Sunday Sermons'.
Our parish is part of the Catholic Diocese of Arundel and Brighton. But we see ourselves as a vital part of the wider world community. 'Vital', because we have a God given responsibility to our neighbours and particularly to our neighbours who are less fortunate than we are. At St Michael's, this is a central part of the philosophy which underpins our parish life.
Again, welcome to St Michael's. Please have a look around and if you like even a small part of what you see, then say hello to one of our welcomers, or a member of our parish pastoral team, to Canon Tony Churchill, or to Deacon David Pattinson. We'll be delighted to meet you and to make you feel at home and to listen to your ideas.
God bless you and please pray for the repose of the soul of our former Parish Priest, Canon Anthony Whale, who died on 26th May 2016.
The parish is part of the Diocese of Arundel & Brighton. Arundel & Brighton Diocesan Trust registered charity 252878 http://www.dabnet.org/


text: We have listed several websites on the Links Page. We believe these sites will be a valuable resource for the new gardener as well as the experienced one. The topics are too numerous to mention here so spend some time browsing through the links and bookmark your favourites. Just click Links under the Resources menu option.


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I must confess that I have never been that much of a Boyzone fan. They were sort of interesting at first when Stephen and Mikey shared most of the vocal duties but as Ronan took over more as the lead singer and ballads became the norm, I lost interest. Sure there were a few good songs along the way but nothing really earth-shattering in my view.
I recently got the new single from the reunited Boyzone called Better. And I must say that I really like it. Okay, it's a little mushy but there's nothing wrong with a bit of romance every now and then. The clip is very good too. It is simple and shows each of the "boys" with a partner. What I like is that they show out and proud Stephen with a guy. No sensationalism or anything scandalous, just showing that two guys can be together and in love just like anyone else. A bit like with John Barrowman's clip.
Anyway, here is the clip for your enjoyment. Follow the link since embedding has been disabled.


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September 4, 2016
11 comments:
you look comfy to me.... Jake lets his butt hang off and his head and sometimes on hind leg... most be a canine thing. you also look adorableReplyDelete
Your butt isn't pulling you off? We will try that pawsition next time!ReplyDelete
Your Pals,
Murphy and Stanley
hahaha I like that levitating butt pawsition too :o)ReplyDelete
Hari OMReplyDelete
Hey, you're the one in the pawsition, right? So who else would know who's comfy or not?!! Hugs and wags, YAM-aunty xxx
Hailey loves to sleep that way too!ReplyDelete
Oh Chris...you are a Dachshund and you march to your own beat and you made us LOLReplyDelete
Hugs madi your bfff
Just be careful you don't slide off!!ReplyDelete
Dory, Jakey, Arty & Bilbo
Peeps have funny ideas about what's comfortable. They just don't think out of the square.ReplyDelete
My big butt would probably slide right off the couch if I was sitting like that!ReplyDelete
You look more comfy to me than your Mom does. She looks all cramped up, aye??ReplyDelete
- AnonymousSeptember 5, 2016 at 5:00 AM
You look very comfortable to me, Christmas. I love your name btw ;) Pawkisses for a wonderful day :) <3ReplyDelete
You don't need to lift your leg to leave a mark on my blog. Just leave a friendly comment! I read each and every one of them. If better suited, use the "contact" tab below my blog header to get in touch with me.


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Covering self-defence techniques against the most common street attacks, these sessions take place at locations including Covent Garden
Customer Reviews
All reviews are from people who have redeemed deals with this merchant.
What You'll Get
The Deal
Taking place at a choice of 15 locations across the capital, these classes teach participants how to defend themselves against the ten most common street attacks. Students are also taught fighting techniques, how to defend themselves on the ground and weapons defences. Sessions take inspiration from a range of fighting techniques, and cover self-defence in a number of environments, from crowded spaces to cars, nightclubs and buses.
Choose from the following options:
£14 for five classes (65% off)
£26 for ten classes (63% off)
The Merchant
With several locations across the capital, Urban Krav Maga aims to teach participants how to defend themselves in various scenarios. Drawing on inspiration from various fighting styles including karate, boxing and jiu jitsu, the sessions teach participants how to stay one step ahead of attackers, and are therefore suitable for men and women of all abilities. Classes are held on weekday afternoons and evenings at a number of city-centre locations, including Covent Garden and Victoria.
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Expires 90 days after purchase.
Purchase: Limit 1 per person. May buy 5 additional as gifts.
Booking: Required by phone on 07912 616 361 or email email@example.com. 24-hour cancellation policy.
Restrictions: See kravmaga-centrallondon.co.uk/class-times/ for timetable. Jackson's Lane Community Centre, 269a Archway Road, N6 5AA location is a women's only location. Must be 16 or over. New customers only. Voucher not valid in conjunction with any other offer and cannot be redeemed against existing bookings. Allow enough time to schedule all sessions before the voucher expires. Valid on option purchased only.


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By Koseli.
Would you buy a dress online even if you had never seen a photo — only an illustration? Kimberly Ellen Hall is an illustrator and designer selling vintage women's clothing on Etsy. Instead of traditionally taking product shots of the items, she's drawing each piece and using those illustrations as the product images. When you buy the dress, you also receive the illustration! What do you think? I think Nottene is a really amazing idea.
P.S. — Kimberly has done some pretty amazing work. I love her Space Invaders print and men's suit constructed out of newspaper!


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During this multi-company DriverTrainer course, our instructors will provide your trainers with the skills necessary to bring our proven collision prevention methods to your fleet drivers. Your trainers will learn how to identify each driver's strengths and weaknesses and provide personalized, practical solutions to various driving deficiencies.The DriverTrainer course in most locations will be a 5 day class with a maximum of six participants. In very few locations, the course will last only 4 days with a maximum of four participants.$2663.95 per Attendee (includes $8.95 online registration fee)
Smith System
Cvent Online Event Registration Software | Copyright © 2000-2019 Cvent, Inc. All rights reserved.


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Mitral Valve prolapse is a condition where the leaflets of the mitral valve fail close properly. It means that part of the valve rises above the plane of the valve into the left atrium. In many cases, the condition is harmless. However, it can cause mitral valve regurgitation (leaky valve allowing blood to flow backwards). It can be inherited. Although seen in men and women, it is more common in women. It can also be associated with connective tissue disorders such as Marfan syndrome.
Prolapse of the mitral valve leaflets is caused by elongation of the chordae tendonae (like parachute chords) and the leaflets themselves causing them to fly backward into the left atrium. To understand how the mitral valve works, think of a parachute, cut in half, and folded back on itself (see figure). You can understand that if the parachute chords or the parachute material itself were too long, it might cause a problem!
Mitral valve prolapse can cause a variety of symptoms including: chest pain, dizziness, palpatations, panic attacks, or shortness of breath. If regurgitation occurs, more symptoms can become worse.


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How to Take Proper Care of Cats and Kittens
How to Take Proper Care of Cats and Kittens
About the Author: Michael is the owner of Love Your Kitty, the BEST site for looking after your cat properly. You will also find great gift ideas for your kitty at www.PussyCatsAlive.com


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I snapped this photo when I was in Rhino Arts the other day. How cute is this? They hollowed out wine corks to provide a home for some tiny succulents. A bit of ribbon and they would make great mini centerpieces. Or decorative additions to an hor d'oeuvres board. Or party favors…
This is the time of year that I find myself struggling a little. I know well that sugar is not kind to my skin, but in the post-holiday weeks I find myself in a sort of sugar withdrawal, gently trying to coax myself off the white stuff with dates and raisins and the like.
I also recently had to go up to the Kaiser Permanente office in Riverside County for a health screening one morning. After waiting fifty minutes past my appointment time and being appropriately poked and prodded (I know, it was poetic justice.), I found myself hungry, running late for my next appointment at my office in Encinitas, and in a state of no-tea-this-morning caffeine withdrawal. I stopped at the tiny coffee stand next to the KP pharmacy, and along with my soy latte I picked up something vaguely muffin-like that was labeled The Original Plonk. Now many baked goods that call themselves muffins are simply cake masquerading as breakfast food, but this was a muffin with intention. Barely sweet and packed with whole oats, nuts, and dried fruit, it served very well as an early lunch, and it was just the thing to quiet the carbohydrate cravings yodeling in my brain.
Then one rainy San Diegan night I needed of a bit of cheering up, so I decided to recreate The Plonk. An internet search for "plonk recipe" yielded nothing, leading me to think that the word is proprietary (or at least made up). Not to be deterred, I searched "heavy muffin with oatmeal" instead and came up with this as the closest idea. I puttered over to the pantry to start planning my substitutions, not only to vegan-ize it and because I didn't want to go to the grocery store in the rain, but also because I never could leave a recipe alone. Double the cinnamon, whole wheat flour instead of all purpose flour, substitute figs for dates, and so on, until I rooted out a container of almond-cashew vegan cream that had been a little gift a few months ago from a lovely patient who wanted me to try it. I had been hoarding it to thicken a soup at some point, but I had the sudden inspiration to use it to replace all the liquid and the fat in the recipe (the buttermilk plus the butter). I added a tablespoon of vinegar to account for the acid in the buttermilk and forged ahead.
The result was a serendipitous success. The batter was so dense that it made an almost audible "plonk" when I scooped it into the muffin tin (hence the name, no doubt), but after baking the crumb was still soft and moist, not dry and crumbly like so many other healthy muffins. These aren't going to last long around the office, and I'm already plotting my next rendition: replacing the figs with crystallized ginger root and the cinnamon with dried powdered ginger....
Dry ingredients
1 cup rolled oats
1 cup whole wheat flour
1/2 tsp baking soda
1 tsp baking powder
1/2 tsp salt
1 tsp cinnamon
1/3 cup chopped walnuts, toasted
1/3 cup raisins
1/3 cup dried figs, chopped
Wet ingredients
1/2 cup honey*
1 and 1/2 cups almond-cashew cream
1 tbsp apple cider vinegar
1 tsp vanilla extract
1 tbsp of ground flax seeds plus 3 tbsp of water
Absolutely first, put the ground flax in a small bowl and then add the water on top. Whisk well with a fork and then put it in the refrigerator while you measure and mix everything else. This is essential to making vegan "eggs" from flax. The time and the cold let it develop a gooey texture that simulates what an egg is supposed to do in baking--bind stuff together.
Preheat the oven to 400 degrees and spray a 12 cup muffin tin with a bit of oil.
Mix the dry ingredients in one bowl. Mix the wet ingredients in another. Then dump the dry into the wet and give it 10 stirs with a big spoon and then stop. Seriously, it doesn't matter if there are still some tiny dry bits of flour. If you overstir muffin batter, particularly vegan muffin batter, it gets really tough and elastic from the gluten.
Plonk the batter into 12 muffin cups and bake at 400 degrees for 20 minutes.
*I used honey from my parents place in Mississippi because that was what was in my pantry, but to make these truly vegan, use agave nectar or maple syrup. In fact, I think maple syrup might be good in the upcoming ginger rendition....
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The first round is over, we have now seen each nation's first foray into the 2018 FIFA World Cup. Far from giving us clarity, the intriguing the question of 'who will win the competition?' is perhaps even harder to predict than it was before the tournament started. The favourite nations have failed to convince, with only Ronaldo of the pre-tournament superstars has performed to a level worthy of the title.
Before everyone abandons their predictions, we take a look at three possible predictive models that might help you stick or twist.
Candidate 1: FIFA world ranking
The first – and most obvious is the FIFA world rankings. One might reasonably assume number one in the world equates to the greatest likelihood of success.
On these grounds, the most obvious winner is Germany with Brazil as runners up. This might seem like a relatively solid bet on the surface; Germany after all, are defending champions and, despite an opening fixture defeat against a good Mexican team, have been in fine form in the intervening years. Only beaten by France in the Euro 2016 semi-finals and storming their World Cup qualification group with 10 wins from 10 games.
Brazil, meanwhile, has been undergoing a revamp since their 7-1 humiliation by the Germans on home soil in the 2014 World Cup. Subsequently, they have changed manager and won the notoriously difficult South Americas qualification group by 10 points. Despite only a point vs the now infamous giant killers Iceland, they have the attacking strength to test any team in the world.
Over the past 4 tournaments of the teams that have entered the World Cup carrying the number one ranking, no team has gone on to win. Indeed, the team ranked second has won in three out of the four tournaments (2002, 2010 & 2014), whilst Italy was not even within the top 10 of the world rankings (yet received a top-eight seeding for the draw) when they triumphed in 2006. Perhaps top-spot comes hand-in-hand with the weight of expectation?
Candidate 2: A more thought-out ranking?
Opta proposes an alternative prediction model. A team's attacking and defensive strengths are factored from previous results, in conjunction with 'World Cup specific variables' to predict the outcome of each fixture. These include elements such as prospective fixture (and path) difficulty, home-field advantage for the tournament and previous world cup success. In their model, Brazil is predicted as the most likely winners, albeit with a mere 14.2 % chance of actually lifting the trophy. Germany, Argentina, Spain and France then jostle at around a 10% chance of glory.
However, once again the model is not able to factor how changes in personnel might affect a team. Opta themselves state, for example, that if Messi were to be injured Argentina's chances of success would plummet.
Candidate 3: Competitiveness of Domestic Top-Tier League:
Finally, a paper in 2005 from Halicioglu used a statistical model to argue that the success of a nation's team is related to the degree of competition in their top-tier domestic league. Arguing that a nation's domestic league is the primary breeding ground for new talent (even if this talent subsequently moves abroad), the author posits that nations whose players have been exposed to more competitive domestic football will inherently attain a national squad with greater talent than one whose league is relatively less competitive. Essentially, the more unpredictable a nation's domestic league champion, the more competitive that nation's international team is likely to be. The author validated the model against the Euro 2000 tournament outcome, finding that France (the eventual winners) also had the least predictable domestic league at the time.
For those backing England, this model is the one to use to justify your choice. In the last 5 years, the English Premier League has seen 3 different winners and 5 different runners up. Among the tournament favourites, only the Brazilian league can match that competitiveness over the same time period.
Whilst the model appears to have good general predictive strength, it does not factor for the number of 'home-nation' eligible players within a domestic league. This may be an interesting moderator to add to the predictive model.
Who will win the World Cup?
The various factors contributing to team-sports make it near impossible to predict with any degree of certainty how a team might progress. Indeed, Halicioglu (2005) concedes that football is a highly volatile and unpredictable sporting environment. Measurable factors can be used to compute likelihood, whilst non-measurable factors then disrupt the prediction.
Looking at these three predictive models and the stats that surround them, come the 15th of July, a hard won point against Switzerland will be a distant memory as Brazil lift the World Cup…
Sport Science Agency works with brands, broadcasters, rights holders and agencies to create insight, experiences and content from the latest sport science research. If you want to know more just drop us a note via email@example.com and we can arrange to go for a healthy performance boosting drink.


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Make your own Halloween Tombstone using Direct Colors Inc. products in 11 Easy Steps! Happy Halloween!
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Now showing items 1-1 of 1
NGOs and Human Rights Promotion: Socialisation, Framing, and the Case of West Papua
(University of Canterbury. Political Science, 2008)
Recent developments in international relations have seen dramatic increases in the number and activities of human rights non-governmental organisations (NGOs). This has inspired research that seeks to explain processes of ...


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It is indeed a pleasure to welcome you to our website. On behalf of every associate of Haywood Group, I sincerely thank you for taking the time to become a part of the Haywood experience. I hope your navigation through our website is both enjoyable and informative.
It is our intent that as you browse the various pages of this website you begin to understand, feel, and absorb the passion and commitment that has been the driving force of our firm since its inception. From the very first day of operation we have strived to create a machine that was well run, beneficial to our employees and a complement to the communities in which we work. It is an uninterrupted continuous internal effort to ingrain our core values into every artery of our organization.
Relying on our various skill sets and professional backgrounds we are able to provide innovative solutions to many aspects of the real estate industry. Whether you are an owner looking for an investor, an investor desirous of a developer, developer seeking a consultant, or a consultant searching for a general contractor, you will find the necessary information that will assist you in beginning the process of bringing your project to fruition.
We view this website as the digital diary of our organization. So we encourage you to explore the mind of Haywood Group. We are looking forward to serving and working with you soon.


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Mimics are an enemy in the later section of games in the Final Fantasy series. They take the appearance of treasure chests or other objects and once triggered, burst out as an enemy. Mimics are a replacement of Monsters-in-boxes which contained monsters instead of usual items.
The Mimic appears disguised as a treasure-chest in Final Fantasy IX. One of its abilities is "Call", which will summon the Magic Vice enemy into battle. The Mimic can call more if the last one was defeated. They can be found in the mansion of Burmecia, Mimics can be found impersonating treasure chests.
The Mimic appears as a normal treasure chest in battle in Final Fantasy X. If the steal command is used, the message "Nothing to steal" will appear and it will transform into the fiend. While in its treasure chest form, damaging the Mimic will cause no fiend to appear and the chest will disappear. They can only be fought within the Omega Ruins and there are four different types.
There are several different ways to encounter Mimics in Final Fantasy XI. The first is to be a thief and to unsuccessfully pick a lock. If a lock is failed to be picked, the chest will transform into a Mimic. In Pso'Xja they can be encountered as normal enemies and they are available in some Aht Urghan mercenary Assault Missions or to to venture into a certain Burning Circle Notorious Monster fight where it is required that you fight a mimic.
Some Urns may happen to be Mimics and attack the party in Final Fantasy XII. They are first found at the Barheim Passage, and are usually found in underground or indoor areas, such as the Sochen Cave Palace and the Lhusu Mines. They are usually a slightly different colour to the normal treasure Urns, and can be quickly identified as monsters.
The Mimics appear as normal treasure chests until a group leader tries to open it in Final Fantasy XII: Revenant Wings. Its basic command is a weak physical attack which makes it less threatening than previous appearances.
Mimics are sometimes summoned by Judges in Clan Trials, and retain their status of Monster in a Box.
Mimics appear as normal treasure chests in Vagrant Story. They appear as insect-like creatures that appear from under the chest unlike other Mimics appearing in Ivalice.
Mimics are encountered in Rebena Te Ra for all cycles. Like all mimics in the series, they appear as harmless chests until they fell threatened and turn into very aggressive monsters.
Mimics take on the appearance of regular brown treasure chests, until they reveal their single eye and purple claws when approached.
|v · e · dEnemies
|Recurring enemies
|Abaddon - Adamantoise - Ahriman - Basilisk - Behemoth - Bomb - Cactuar - Catoblepas - Chimera - Chocobo - Cockatrice - Coeurl - Death Claw - Epiolnis - Gargoyle - Garuda - Ghost - Goblin - Guard Hound - Hecteyes - Hedgehog Pie - Imp - Iron Giant - Lamia - Magic Pot - Malboro - Mandragora - Medusa - Midgardsormr - Mindflayer - Mimic - Mover - Mu - Ochu - Ogre - Piscodemon - Sahagin - Skeleton - Tonberry - Wyvern - Zombie - Zu
|Recurring types of enemy
|Bat - Dragon - Elemental - Flan - Gigas - Golem - Toad - Undead - Weapon - Worm
|Recurring bosses
|Antlion - Cerberus - Deathgaze - Demon Wall - Dullahan - Enkidu - Four Fiends - Guardian - Gilgamesh - Kraken - Lich - Marilith - Omega - Phantom Train - Shinryu - Tiamat - Ultima Weapon - Ultros
|Enemy lists
|Final Fantasy - Final Fantasy II - Final Fantasy III - Final Fantasy IV - The After Years - Final Fantasy V - Final Fantasy VI - Final Fantasy VII - Before Crisis - Crisis Core - Dirge of Cerberus - Final Fantasy VIII - Final Fantasy IX - Final Fantasy X - Final Fantasy X-2 - Final Fantasy XI - Final Fantasy XII - Revenant Wings - Final Fantasy XIII - Tactics - Tactics Advance - Tactics A2 - Crystal Defenders - Vagrant Story - Crystal Chronicles - Ring of Fates - My Life as a King - Echoes of Time - My Life as a Darklord - The Crystal Bearers - Mystic Quest - Adventure - Dissidia Final Fantasy


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Zucchini Bread/
The zucchini continues….
I am picking over two dozen a day! It is quite ridiculous!
So, today I give you, zucchini bread. Not an original idea for zucchini, but it is devoured quickly year-round in my house! When I have zucchini coming out of my ears like I do right now, I shred the zucchini and put it in freezer bags to freeze for later use. Just thaw and drain the water off when you make it.
Zucchini Bread
2 eggs
1 cup sugar
1/2 cup vegetable oil
1 cup grated zucchini
1 tsp. vanilla
1 1/2 tsp. cinnamon
1 1/2 cups flour
1/2 tsp. baking soda
1/8 tsp. baking powder
(I don't have an 1/8 tsp. measuring spoon so I always guess or double the recipe)
Beat eggs. Beat in sugar. Stir in oil, vanilla, and zucchini. Mix well. Add dry ingredients. Pour into a greased loaf pan. Bake at 350 degrees for one hour.


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If the OP's knowledge is such that this needs more explanation it would be futile for us to help until they have further training.
That is most definitely true. It's probably at the very center of the OP's problem.
So how do I pull this name in the RPGLE program for further use?
But that is the OP's actual question. The answer is to READ the record. Without a READ, it doesn't matter if a user presses [Enter]. The result might be simply locking the keyboard. The program won't be back in control without a READ in some form regardless of any [Enter] key (though the READ probably won't complete until [Enter] is pressed; it's not required but is probable). The READ is what 'pulls' the value into the program for use.


text:
Sheet Music: Performance Parts
Mr Snooks reel / Stephen Leek.
by Stephen Leek
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Pages: 1 set of 4 performance parts (12p. -- B4 (portrait))
Difficulty: Medium
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Score: Mr Snooks reel / Stephen Leek.
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Stories this month :
Robert Reed. Cremulator.
Erica L. Satifka. Loving Grace
Bao Shu. Preserve Her Memory.
Elizabeth Bourne. The Algebra of Events.
Benjanun Sriduangkaew. The Occidental Bride.
Tom Purdom. Canary Land. First published in Asimov's Science Fiction, January, 1997.
Una McCormack. Sea Change. First published in Foundation, #100, Summer 2007.


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You Need A Security System
With home burglary crimes growing exponentially in communities all across America, do you think you don't need a home security system? If so, you are only fooling yourself or are being naive to think crime only happens to other people.
Don't Wait To Become a Statistic! Get Your FREE ADT Home Security System Today by Clicking On The Banner and Using the 877# and Promo Code –
Here are a few Tips to help you protect your home:
*Videotape, photograph and keep a written register of all your valuables and their serial numbers.
*Store valuable documents, such as insurance policies and wills, in a safety deposit box.
*Install deadbolt locks on your outside doors and make sure all door hinges are on the inside.
*Install sensor lights at all outside entrances


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long chain
Also found in: Dictionary, Thesaurus, Wikipedia.
long chain
in bacteriology, a continuous line of more than eight cells.
long chainChemistry
adjective Referring to a polymer of sugars, amino acids or fatty acids that is longer than a short or medium chain, and is defined by the family of compounds to which it belongs. For example, short-chain fatty acids have 6 or fewer carbons, medium-chain fatty acids are 6 to 12 carbons and long-chain fatty acids have more than 12 carbons.
adjective Referring to a catenation with eight bacteria in a row.


text: How to Make a Great First Impression"You never get a second chance to make a first impression" – Author Unknown As the old saying goes, first impressions are incredibly important. Princeton psychologists Janine Willis and Alexander Todorov conducted experiments that show that it only takes 1/10 of a second to form a judgment about someone else. That is an incredibly short ... Read More


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It was an anti-fungal cream. Some long, fancy name that starts with a K…Ketoconazole, I would later find out. I found it one night in my medicine cabinet, behind the mirror in my tiny bathroom. A red and white bottle, topical cream. Something I would later discover is actually used to treat funguses (fungi- not a fun guy) internally, on the skin, and particularly for ringworm. I tested it, felt its creamy texture. Shrugged my shoulders, why not?
And I'd been unknowingly smearing it, even sleeping with it, onto my FACE for almost a week, thinking the bottle (which read in bold letters, "dermatologic use only") was enough. So… a dermatologist tested this?
The results were almost instant. Breaking out in red, blistering rashes all over my face was not a pretty sight. I tried hiding it as much as possible, as best as I could, covering it with makeup when I could or felt it was necessary. But still, it was noticeable. All the skin-tone foundation and concealer couldn't cover the red, blistery face marks. There was no point in hiding it.
I felt naked, stripped down, ugly. Unworthy.
"Excuse me, miss…do you have any extra change to spare?"
I look at the woman with the question standing to my left. Dark brown hair. Sunken eyes. She's wearing a brown peacoat, the kind you only find in department stores with names that end in apostrophe-S.
"I'm sorry," I swiftly reply. "I don't have any cash on me." Which is true.
She nods, looking disgruntled and walks away, not too far from me. We're standing in the middle of a busy underpass tunnel at LA Union Station, with the Salvation Army holiday musicians playing "Silver Bells" in the background. The morning commuters are rushing by, and I've got about 10 minutes before my next train.
I fiddle with the slip of cardstock paper in the front pocket of my coat. Buy five holiday-themed Starbucks drinks, get the sixth free. I'd just bought my fifth and final drink, a gingerbread tea latte. The familiar red cup feels lukewarm in my hands.
Without hesitating, I take the coupon out of my pocket and walk right up to the woman, calling out, "Excuse me!"
She turns around and gives me the up-down.
"It's not much, but I have this," I say breathlessly, handing her the card. "It'll get you a free drink at Starbucks, but you have to use it by today."
The older woman is slowly registering what just happened. She puts one hand on my shoulder and, looking right at me, says, "Thank you. I'm running away right now from an abusive relationship and I came here to Union Station, with hundreds of people and policemen and guards everywhere, because he left me for a moment and I had nowhere else to go. Thank you for this."
The shock in my face must have been great. This older woman, maybe in her 60s, with the dark messy hair and brown eyes, is running. I compose myself and ask quickly, "Is someone picking you up?"
She nods. "They'll be here in maybe 30, 45 minutes. But at least I'm protected here. And now I can get myself a warm drink."
I smile and look into her brown, sunken eyes; a woman's eyes that perhaps have seen far, far too much. "It's little, but I hope this helps," I reply. "God bless you."
She disappears into the crowd of commuters, and I do the same. I already don't remember what she looked like. But I'll never forget those eyes.
Last week, I spent two days running around between work and Union Station, giving away the smallest of items for the holidays: an unwrapped pair of socks with little McDonalds gift cards in them, gifts of the young adult ministry at my church. I gave them to people where I saw a need: the hard-working bus driver who waits an extra few minutes, a homeless man getting off the subway, an elderly woman with a basket full of clothes. The woman running from her abusive partner. What I remember most is not really the act of giving, but the faces of each person, the stories behind every face. I look into each person's eyes and I see stories of life, love, sadness and pain…but I also see hope.
Everyone has a story to tell, a voice to be heard. It's why I work in journalism; why I started this blog all those years ago in the first place. Because stories need to be told–including my own.
It's been difficult lately to understand that, at 23, this awkward person with skin problems I am now is not who I'm going to be for the rest of my life. I've got to keep reminding myself that. I've also been through hell and high water, never mind, but look at those around us. Those among us, changing every single day. We don't know people's stories, what they've been through or how they've grown from it. The story is changing everyday, and we've all got something important to contribute.
I'm going to be really honest here. I've been hiding from myself.
The truth is, I've been finding it hard to face myself lately. And my face. You get the idea.
December has been an overall really tough, awkward month. This time of year usually is, for most people. Amidst all the bustle and cheer, the family customs, the music, the extravagant parties and exchanges and gift-wrapping and trips to the mall, there's also a sense of bittersweet sadness around the holidays. I think it comes from all of the expectations we have–white Christmases, elaborate (and expensive) gifts, perfect holiday outfits and soirées worthy of an Instagram caption. The underlying sadness we have around this time of year comes from the expectations we ourselves (the society) place, and the sense of feeling unsatisfied no matter how hard we try. What else did you expect?
For Christians, it is also Advent, a period of waiting in hope for the birth of Christ. It's a time of patience, waiting for the arrival of a Savior who we know will be born to free us from our human sin. Patient anxiety, I like to call it. And yet we find ourselves restless, still thirsting for more.
Only when I started taking real medication; the real, name-brand stuff with fancy terms like "benzol peroxide," only then did I start to see results. Slow and steady, I'm beginning to clear up. I still get asked about why I'm splotchy up there, why I haven't been wearing makeup, etc. But I'll never tell them it was the anti-fungal cream. "It's clearing up," I always say, brushing off the wavering insecurity. It's getting better. I'm getting better.
In fact, when all of this started, I was told I was going to be on TV, guesting in a 2015-in-news wrap-up segment for a local channel in LA. It was the last thing I could ever expect myself to get into, and I guess I technically "volunteered" for it. However, I didn't think it would actually happen…until one morning in early December I found myself curling my hair, putting on eyelashes and any shade of lipstick that makes me look older than 12, sitting in a studio with three cameras looking back at me and a mic taped to my shirt. Lights, camera, action.
Putting myself out there on "live" television was the last thing I expected in this so-called "ugly month" I've been feeling lately. The time where I want nothing but to hide away under blankets (like this). But as the lights went on and the tape rolled, I found myself rambling, and it was all over before I could breathe. My episodes aired this past week (see my embarrassment on YouTube) and that was that. I walked off set feeling on fire, without a single regret. And as it turns out, going out of my comfort zone is exactly what I needed.
In 2016, I want to venture forth, away from my comfort zone.
Maybe if I had a single-worded goal for this new year, it would be to venture.
Not necessarily to adventure, although that is certainly a part of it. But the verb "to venture," as in consistently; to go into new territories, conquer new roads, do something new and different and out of my comfort zone, with full confidence and faith, no matter the outcome. I like the Webster's revised unabridged definition the best:
VENTURE: (v. t.) to confide in; to rely on; to trust.
Most of the dictionary definitions imply danger, hazards, sly business strategies, taking risks. And maybe so, but not always. The adventure itself doesn't have to involve jumping off an airplane or having something at stake–but living life to its fullest potential, realizing that life is the adventure. Better yet, life is the endeavor: the struggle with purpose, the venture out into the deep, giving it your all.
Venture is confiding in, relying on, and trusting in the One who will take you where you are meant to go. To venture is to find and love deeply, no matter the cost.
"Ship your grain across the sea;
after many days you may receive a return.
2 Invest in seven ventures, yes, in eight;
you do not know what disaster may come upon the land.
3 If clouds are full of water,
they pour rain on the earth.
Whether a tree falls to the south or to the north,
in the place where it falls, there it will lie.
4 Whoever watches the wind will not plant;
whoever looks at the clouds will not reap.
5 As you do not know the path of the wind,
or how the body is formed in a mother's womb,
so you cannot understand the work of God,
the Maker of all things."
[Ecclesiastes 11:1-5]
Here's to venturing forth into the new year.
In full faith & love,


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BYU is a special school because it is an LDS school where religious and spiritual education is just as much of a focus as more secular study. Standards are not only high for scholarly pursuits, but for integrity, honor, and personal conversion. The BYU educational experience aims to be:
- "Spiritually Strengthening,
- "Intellectually Enlarging,
- "Character Building, and
- "Leading to Lifelong Learning and Service."
I was also fortunate to be a part of the School of Family Life. So, in addition to these high targets, my undergraduate program's mission was to:
- "Provide instruction that fosters commitment to the principles in The Family: A Proclamation to the World.
- "Conduct research that contributes to the understanding and enhancement of human development, temporal well-being in the home, and marriage and family relationships.
- "Help students develop the attitudes, beliefs, behaviors and skills that characterize persons of positive influence - in their own marriages and families, in their professions, in church and public service, and other personal relationships."
In a world where priorities are confused and muddled and where Christian values and beliefs are mocked at seemingly every corner, I am so grateful to have attended a university where the things of eternity were a major focus. Additionally, the things I learned qualified me for a career outside the home, further schooling, AND improved familial roles, depending on my circumstances and choices. My desire to be a stay-at-home mom was never just dismissed by my professors-- it is something they applaud.
My BYU experience helped me to grow in ways I had never dreamed were possible when I moved to Provo in 2008:
I am more fully committed to the gospel of Jesus Christ. I have faced and conquered intellectual challenges (...like Calculus... or wading through scholarly articles). I am a far more critical thinker than I used to be (in part thanks to Thomas, as well!!). I am motivated to continue learning and growing-- and to teach and encourage others in their educational pursuits. I feel a strong personal commitment to defend and strengthen marriage, children, virtue, and positive family values. Although my formal education is complete (for now, at least), I will be a lifelong learner and a lifelong teacher. I learned principles and skills that already help me in my marriage and that I expect will be invaluable in the future when I become a mother.Some BYU courses I highly recommend include:
- SFL 100 Strengthening Marriage and Family (Dr. Hill)
- This class was really amazing and really piqued my interest in SFL. This class was hugely instrumental in my personal marriage preparation. I probably could have benefited from an actual marriage prep course as well, but I did not take one. I learned so much in this class about my family of origin (including what that term means) and about my hopes for my family of procreation (and what that term means).
- RELC 324 Doctrine and Covenants (Dr. Perkins)
- I struggled with studying the Doctrine and Covenants until I took this class. Now I love the Doctrine and Covenants. Dr. Perkins seemed genuinely interested in his students.
- RELC 342 Pioneers & Persecution (Dr. Cope)
- I don't know if Dr. Cope has changed the way she teaches this course (I took it from her her first semester as a BYU prof.) but it was a powerful class. I learned so much about church history, including extensively about polygamy and its practice among early Latter-day Saints. I really loved the assignment to transcribe a manuscript from the HBLL L. Tom Perry Special Collections as well (where I also learned about fore-edge painting).
- PHSCS 105 Intro to Physics (Dr. Stokes)
- I probably would not have taken this class if I had not considered majoring in Geology, but it was a fun challenge and I learned a lot.
- SFL 230 Housing the Family (Dr. Nielson)
- This class was fairly informative, but more than that, it satisfied my creative appetite. I enjoyed the projects where we basically shopped for homes, appliances, decor, etc. and then experimented with arranging rooms using software.
- SFL 351 Socialization Across Childhood (Dr. D. Nelson)
- I took a couple of classes from Dr. David Nelson and I really really like his teaching style. He is very organized, very smart, and very funny. I learned a lot in this class about children's needs and how to be a good parent/teacher/etc.
- SFL 185 Sewing
- WAY fun. Time consuming (5-6+ hours in lab/week), but I learned a lot that I didn't even realize I didn't know about sewing. The lab is really fun and you get to know the people in your lab very well. The resources I ended up with after this class are things I will probably keep forever (we did "samples" of various techniques, like button-holes, and now they are in a binder). Another class that scratched my creative itch.
- SFL 498 Family Life Education (Dr. Duncan)
- My only regret about this class is that I did not take it earlier in my educational career and that I did not know about/explore the FLE certification route in the School of Family Life. This class sparked my passion for Family Life Education. It is definitely something I could see myself doing in the future and I very well may pursue certification.
- SFL 336 Theories in Family Perspective (Dr. Holmes)
- This class made me really analyze my thinking in new ways.


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Ground summer black truffle preserved with extra virgin olive oil. Truffles are processed in a modern laboratory right after harvesting in Molise woods according to strictly traditional methods. The painstaking selection of raw material without the addition of artificial preservatives or dyes is able to guarantee the genuineness of the product.
Ideal on pasta, rice and eggs.
The 5-star truffle only for real gourmands Vincenzo Di Iorio - Owner
Di Iorio Tartufi is an Italian family-run company specialized in truffle hunting, processing and marketing. Throughout the year the company harvests different species of truffles (precious white truffle, black summer truffle, Bianchetto truffle and precious black truffle) into the wonderful centuries-old forests of Molise Region, which are the treasure chest of this ancient delicacy.
Right after harvesting, truffles are partly selected and processed according to strictly traditional methods in a modern laboratory, in doing so perfectly combining tradition and innovation.
Shipments are FREE for orders over € 90 throughout Europe (UE Countries). For all orders of less than € 90 the shipping cost is fixed at € 15.
Our shipments are safe and guaranteed within the 48-72 hours following the order placement if all the ordered products are available on our warehouse. Indeed, our food and delivery service is subject to the availability of stocks of products on our warehouse. In case one or more products will not be available in time for the agreed delivery date to be respected I Like Italian Food would suddenly contact the customer to find a solution.
The orders received during the week-end would be processed the following Monday.
The cost of the shipment charged to the customer is fixed at euro 15,00 for shipments to all Europe. We pack our products by adopting all the necessary precautions in order to preserve the integrity of the different food and beverage products sold.
I like Italian Food products can be purchased and shipped all over the Europe (EU). Our logistic service guarantees express shipments, properly packed to ensure temperature-controlled storage conditions for up to 72-96 hours during the shipment to all European Union countries.


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Meditation practice allows us to observe how we create a cocoon of habits to mask our fear. We begin to appreciate that there is no fundamental obstacle to experiencing basic goodness.
Birth of the Warrior, the second weekend of the Way of Shambhala series, intensifies the discipline of meditation practice, enabling participants to work with obstacles that may have arisen as meditation practice develops. We also explore how habitual ways of thinking and experiencing obscure the raw brilliance of the world we live in and our own genuineness and tenderness. Finally, we learn how to work with the fear that occurs when we move forward out of these habitual patterns.
The program includes meditation instruction, talks by the Director, group discussions, guided contemplative practice, and individualized instruction.
Pre-requisite: The Art of Being Human: Shambhala Training Level I.
Regular Price: 0 members; 5 non-members
Early Bird: 0 members; 5 non-members. Register online by December 27, 2019, to enjoy reduced pricing.
Repeat price: (For those who have already taken this program.)
This program will take place at the location of the Gainesville Shambhala Meditation Group: 1899 NE 23rd Avenue, Gainesville, FL 32609. Breakfast and lunch are provided on Saturday and Sunday. Usually we go out to a nearby restaurant as a group on Saturday evening (additional details will be provided on your welcome email which is sent a few days before the start of the event).
If you are coming from out-of-town, we will do our best to house you with sangha members. We also have limiited accommodations at the center for a nominal fee. Please indicate your needs on your registration form at least two weeks in advance.
No one is turned away from a program for lack of funds. Contact Jan Snyder, our Group Coordinator, for information about our Generosity Policy.


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- If either of you live in the parish or have lived in the parish for at least 6 months, at any time;
- If either of you, were baptised or confirmed in the parish;
- If either of you has regularly attended church services at St. George's, for at least 6 months;
- That at least one of your parents, after you were born, has lived in the parish for at least 6 months or regularly attended church services at St. George's for at least 6 months;
- That at one of your parents or grandparents, was married in the parish.
Use these links to go to popular pages: Try the Church of England online Ceremony Planner to help you choose hymns and readings. You can even listen to the hymns first. Frequently Asked Questions about marrying in church including how much it costs.
For more details talk to Doug Beedie, see 'contact us' or complete the following application form


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Free Pawn Stars Slot Machine - Instant Play Game
Pawn stars has been a massive hit on TV across the whole of the USA and especially in Las Vegas, where the store is based. The concept is simple - it's a documentary style insight into the world of a Las Vegas pawn store.
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More Fabulous Free Bally Slots
Given the success of the TV series and the fact that the show is based in Vegas, it was only a matter of time before a Pawn Stars slot machine was released. It's not available for free yet, but we hope to get it soon.
I have to admit, I have become addicted to the Pawn Star series on History Channel, so when I saw that they were releasing a slot machine, I was really thrilled.
I did manage to play a test version at one of the big gaming shows, but that was a couple of years ago and I'm sue the game changed a lot since that time. Even then, though, I thought the slot was pretty cool - I loved the clips of the guys, especially whenever Chumley was involved. That guy cracks me up!
You can play the Bally slots, like Pawn Stars at any of the Las Vegas casinos includes Caesars and Golden Nugget and Harrah's.
I haven't actually played the Pawn Stars slots in Las Vegas, but I will definitely test it out next time I am there. That said, I have seen some videos on Youtube and a lot of them say the game sucks, which is quite surprising.
So, if that is true, and you want to play the game, you should probably head to Las Vegas sooner rather than later, because they tend to pull the non-performing games pretty quickly from the slot floor.
I haven't yet heard of Pawn stars pokies being available to as an online pokie game in New Zealand. I'm sure it will be though, as soon as the TV show gets really popular. It's already becoming popular in the UK, so over there it has become a really big hit as a 'fruit machine' (the British word for slot machine or Pokie).
If you want to find similar pokies online, visit our Aristocrat page, or our New Zealand online casinos page, depending on which country you live on.
If you are lucky enough to live in New Jersey, you will be able to play this game at one of their regulated online casinos and they offer high limit slots games. That means you can play for more dollars per spin than you would generally be able to play for if you were in one of the Las Vegas casinos.
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Featured for June: A noisy sign of spring
A sure sign of spring in Central Ohio is the return of the Red-winged Blackbird. And it's a very noisy return, with the male blackbirds perched atop plants or trees attempting to attract females by flashing their red-and-yellow shoulder patches while belting out a call described by bird web sites as a loud, scratchy conk-a-reeeee or o-ka-leeeee.
I have a number of photos of male Red-winged Blackbirds calling on spring mornings. The birds are so focused on their song that they pay little attention to me with my camera.
While the loud and flashy male Red-winged Blackbirds are easy to spot, the females are more subdued, with streaky brown feathers that blend with the fields where they nest. Some bird books describe the female as looking like a large, dark sparrow. The females often stay hidden in the underbrush or near ground level in fields, looking for food and working on nests.
Juvenile blackbirds have streaky brown feathers very similar to the female, although the ones I've seen tend to have a buff or yellow tinge on the face and on the tips of some feathers. A sure sign that the bird I'm photographing is a juvenile and not a female is when mom and dad hover just above my head attempting to scare me away.
I know when the blackbirds show up in local parks it means colorful warblers, goldfinches and swallows aren't far behind. And my weekend mornings photographing wildlife will be getting busier.
I add a new featured gallery the first of each month. The numbers in the gallery title represent the month and year it was featured. Previous featured galleries are in the archives.


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As a small team we rarely need many replacement instructors from one year to the next. However as dynamic an industry as this is, we are always happy to receive new applications.
As legislation on national, regional and local scales are constantly revised, the following should be noted when applying for a job as a ski or snowboard instructor with us:
1. To help create a common standard of profesionality and instruction among the ski schools of Sierra Nevada, a contractual agreement is signed each season with the resort management company, Cetursa S.A., based on a series of requirements for both legal and internal recognition purposes as well as benefits on ski passes for the Instructor to operate on the slopes.
The main requirement affecting the actual instructors themselves is that they should be qualified to the minimum TD1 Spanish level as organised via the Spanish ski federation, RFEDI (Real Federacion Española de Deportes de Invierno). In the case of foreign instructors this has become somewhat of a dilema as no official relationship has been established to equate foreign licences to the Spanish qualifications.
As such, from 2010, it was agreed that all instructors should have an ISIA level certification or at least be in the process of attaining one by having proof of completed certain related modules. Examples of foreign attained ISIA certifications are: BASI 3, NZSIA 3, CASI 4, PSIA 3.
Therefore, if you currently hold no ISIA certification and are not in the process of attaining one, we are unable to employ you without issue!
2. We are a small team, (typically 10-12 instructors), and have only ever required one full time snowboard instructor due simply to the demand for snowboard instruction. As such we rarely need snowboard instructors. Instructors qualified in both ski and snowboard tuition however, are more sought after having the great potential to work more as a result.
3. Our staffing considerations do not begin until at least until mid-October when we hope to hear from all exising staff members as to whether or not they will be returning with us for the coming season. Only then will we know for sure if any positions arise.
CV's will be reviewed accordingly and decisions made on the basis of qualifications, experience and potential longevity, i.e. potential for working more than just one season. This does not mean, however, that first year instructors will not be considered. On the contrary and in line with our general work dynamic, enthusiasm is a major element in terms of guaranteeing quality instruction to our clients! Too often have we seen other ski schools with "burnt out" instructors who continue working simply because it brings them an income; there is no other option available or simply to get a free ski pass too!
How do we work?
Our work philosophy/structure is simple:
- You turn up well presented, on time each day and for each class
- You treat all your clients in the same professional manner
- You free ski when there are no classes
- When you need time off...ask us and so long as classes can be effectively covered, there is no problem.
- We will only bother you if you bother us!
- We will even pay you!
How to prepare:
If you are offered a position with us, before accepting, please consider the following:
1. We do not have staff accommodation. This is something you will need to sort out for yourself although we may have contacts to pass on to you to help out. Please also note that often in Sierra Nevada, the full amount of the season accommodation is required in advance although some agents may be negotiated with. They will also charge a deposit on top of the rental fee to be returned at the end of season after deducting all final electricty and other expenses.
The rental rates in resort vary greatly from one apartment type to another and an apartment suitable for 4 people sharing will most likely cost anything from 2500 Euros upwards*. Rentals out of resort in Granada or the valley villages (Pinos Genil, Güejar Sierra) are generally lower cost but then you will need to consider transport to/from resort and costs incurred thereof.
*Approxiumate rate based on those applied in 2014-15
2. In order to legally employ you, you will need to obtain a NIE number (Número de Identificación de Extranjeros) at the local police in Granada. The address is: Calle San Agapito nº 2, C.P. 18013 Granada. Contact numbers are: 958909311 / 958909314 / 958909315 (English is not widely spoken!). Download and complete the necessary form here and then take it in where you will be informed on other necessary requirements such as photos, tax payment slips etc. You should allow at least a couple of days to get this sorted although Spanish paperwork can sometimes be tedious and more time may be necessary.
3. We will arrange your lift pass which is paid for by the school.
4. Try to allow a couple of weeks before work is likely to commence in order to prepare for the above as well as getting some ski time in to get to know the resort. Typically speaking we anticipate needing instructors as from the week leading up to Christmas.
5. April is a funny month and varies in terms of work load depending greatly on the fall of the Easter holidays. Generally speaking we would expect to have work into the middle of the month albeit on a much quieter basis.
6. The number of hours you may expect to be doing also depends very much on the season itself, the snow fall, number of visitors etc.* However, we expect to provide you with 300-350+ hours of classes during the season.
7. Wages will be confirmed upon our acceptance to your application.


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The U.S. jobs market rebounded during April amidst milder spring weather with employers adding 211,000 new jobs.
This provided new evidence that March's weakness was just a one-off incident and would not keep the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank from increasing their interest rates during its upcoming meeting.
The nation's unemployment rate taken from a separate survey was down 0.01% to 4.4% said the Department of Labor on Friday.
Economists surveyed were expecting job gains of 190,000.
An unusual amount of strange weather patterns caused quite steep swings thus far in 2017 for payrolls. In January as well as February, unseasonably warm weather brought forward the hiring in sectors like retail, leisure and hospitality and construction with job gains for those months topping 200,000 each month.
However, that helped cause a tumble during March that offset gains that became amplified due to snowstorms across the Northeast and Midwest that left growth in employment during March at approximately 50% of the earlier rates.
Many economists were expecting more favorable weather in April to increase hiring in construction as well as other areas that had been hurt due to foul weather in March, boosting payroll additions overall by between 25,000 and 40,000.
Meanwhile, retailers have been slashing jobs as shopping has shifted with less traffic in brick and mortar traditional stores and much more online.
Analysts feel that shift will drag down job growth monthly by up to 10,000 during the next few months.
Retailers over the past year have added 58,000 new jobs which are down from an annual average during each of the last two years of 275,000.
An economist said that the hiring freeze by federal agencies from the latter part of January to the middle of April helped to curtain staff additions in the government in April by up to 10,000.
Even with the volatility related to weather, job growth monthly over the first three months of 2017 was near that of last year which averaged 180,000.
Employers have struggled to find good workers due to the unemployment rate being below 5% that has left a much smaller overall pool of Americans looking for work.
Many economists said that monthly gains in payroll would average approximately 170,000 during 2017 but that is more than sufficient to lower unemployment further.
Other indicators in the labor market were mixed. ADP the payroll processor said that businesses added 177,000 new jobs during April.


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Of course, we do need samples of the putative father and the child. The mother's samples are not mandatory but they will ensure the results to be more conclusive.
A proof of paternity should be performed with the samples of mother, child and alleged father.
Naturally, a DNA analysis can also be conducted with only the samples of the child and the alleged father (so-called deficiency cases). The results will always be indisputable and accurate. But the inclusion of the mother in the test will strenghten the conclusion of the report and increase the statistical percentage of paternity
With us, you can choose your test free from financial pressure. If you should provide us with the samples of the mother we will include them in the test free of charge.