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"Islamic Puritanism" as a Source of Economic Development: Contributions of the Gülen Movement
Turkey has been going through significant transformations over the last two decades, which might be studied under diverse rubrics. The focus in this paper is on the emergence of a new bourgeoisie that is overwhelmingly religious; its aim is to describe the motives behind the attitudes of religious business people and to discuss the contribution of the Gülen movement. The paper begins by clarifying relevant concepts that appear vague - such as 'Islamic Puritanism' and 'Islamic work ethic' - following the particular interpretation by Wilhelm Hennis of Max Weber's familiar 'Protestant ethic' thesis. Rather than looking for mechanical causal relationships, this paper focuses on life goals and ways of living and discusses the Gülen movement's contribution to the way of living related to economic activities. (The movement is considered as a new interpretation of Islam - Turkish and strongly influenced by Sufism.) Next, the institutional and moral sources enabling an enterprise culture are discussed. This paper considers the transformation in Turkey to be securely founded on the moral sources and suggests that Turkish Islam might be considered as a source enabling a particular type of entrepreneurs, and that this type is helpful to Turkey's modernisation project as it anticipates membership of the European Union.
Lately, it has been discussed that religious people in Turkey are in transition. This paper will be stressing on the economic aspect of this transition, particularly focussing on the emergence of religious businessmen, and the contribution of the Gülen movement to this transition. We argue that Turkey's effort of economic development can benefit from this transition. In order to support this argument, we intend to explain the religious businessmen phenomenon with a Weberian approach. In this respect, first, the study evaluates the emergence of religious businessmen in Turkey. Then, Max Weber's Protestant ethic thesis and its different interpretations will be assessed. We intend to explain the above-mentioned phenomenon with a distinctive Weber reading which is made by Wilhelm Hennis. Hennis's Weber interpretation, in terms of the relation between religion and economic activity, focuses on how a religion shapes individuals' way of living rather than suggesting any causal relation between religion and economic development. This particular interpretation seems a useful instrument to explain the economic impacts of the Gülen movement. At the same time, this study intends to clarify probable misunderstandings and concept confusion regarding the using of such terms as "Muslim Calvinists" or "Islamic Puritanism" in the relevant literature.
The Emergence of Religious Businessmen in Turkey
Turkey has been facing a significant transformation in its social structure for two decades. This transformation process might be classified under several subheadings; however, we intend to focus in this piece on the emergence of religious businessmen and their economic activities and dynamics. Newly emerging religious business people and SME (small and medium sized enterprise) owners, and their new entrepreneurship culture seem quite unique, especially in the Muslim world. This new entrepreneurship culture has been considered as a new attitude concerning worldly activities, particularly in business circles. It is considered as new because religious people were not for a long time interested in doing economic activities in a rational and modern way. Consequently, the development has been the subject of a heated debate in Turkish intellectual and economic circles. The controversy has been intensified, especially after a recent report entitled "Islamic Calvinists" by European Stability Initiative (ESI)[1].
The report has focused on the central Anatolia, Kayseri a city known for its conservative and religious leanings. Basically, the report has attributed the business boom in Kayseri to the "protestant work ethic" values of its people (esiweb.org). In turn, such terms as "Muslim Calvinists" or "Islamic puritans" have been frequently used by some journalists and academics alike, to describe the business elite of the region. This transformation process has been considered as a struggle for creating an indigenous Muslim ethic (Ozdemir, 2006). This opinion also claims that it is a unique and yet highly compatible step for Turkey's ongoing modernisation project. In this sense, this new development has been argued to be creating a new Turkish bourgeoisie and an enterprise culture in Turkey.
Obviously, in the context of this controversy, the concept of enterprise culture gains special importance. According to Keat (1991) and Carr (2000) creating enterprise culture has two dimensions. First, it requires institutional and structural changes, such as changes on regulations, privatization, encouraging private business sector, reducing taxes, etc. But, these changes are not sufficient as such. Creating enterprise culture also requires moral foundations. As it is seen in the example of the United Kingdom (UK), Thatcher's endeavours were covering both, namely institutional changes on one hand and moral foundations of the country's enterprise culture, on the other. Thatcher frequently stressed the importance of UK's historical moral values, principally the Protestant ethic, to facilitate creating enterprise culture. In fact, what is at issue here may be claimed to be a long term struggle to modify people's way of thinking and transform their 'souls' (Roberts, 1992:15). In short, religion may be argued to be a source of creating particular type of individuals in terms of economic activities and enterprise culture.
In this piece, we will focus on the Gülen movement in Turkey that emerged with its flexible ideas to stimulate a patriotic, global and free market orientation with an emphasis on the spiritual and intellectual consciousness of the individuals (Yavuz, 2003: 19, 29). Fethullah Gülen is a well known Islamic scholar in Turkey. His ideas have inspired many people in Turkey to establish educational institutions that integrate modern science, ethics and spirituality. Berberoglu (2000), a Turkish journalist, describes him as an opinion leader, and Aras (1998) sees him as "a most likely candidate for religious leader of the new Turkey". Besides educational institutions, he gives special importance to inter-faith dialogue activities in Turkey and all over the world by stressing the significance of cultural and legal plurality of societies (Unal and Williams, 2000). It is claimed that "Gülen's discourse has had and will have major influences on the future shape of Turkey and the region" (Yilmaz, 2005:394). Probably, the biggest difference between other Islamic movements and the Gülen movement is that his movement is a civil one, rather than a political. As previously mentioned, his main concern could be summarised as ethics and individuals. Considering the institutions and activities of his sympathisers; such as hundreds of schools along with seven universities all over the world, media institutions, inter-faith dialogue centres, college preparation courses; it can be claimed that it is a successful civil initiative. Therefore, this successful movement might be a proper example of how a civil society acquires its autonomy from the state. In other words, the movement plays a crucial role in the empowerment of civil society, which is very important for Turkey's democratization process.
As known, the population of Turkey is overwhelmingly Muslim and the state is strictly secular. From the very beginning of the Turkish republic, the state chose a strict secularism as a lynchpin of its project of modernization. It can be said that it has been successful to some extent. However, the recent emergence of religious businessmen as a phenomenon has been argued by some to be a possible threat for the secular structure, who have dubbed the phenomenon as an attempt by the green or Islamic capital to form an Islamic state, oblivious to the apparent contradiction represented by the combination of capitalist greed and ideological orientation. This contradiction appears to be resolved by an understanding that the Gülen movement uses democracy not out of a normative commitment, but rather instrumentally, as a useful tool for seeking power to establish an Islamic state (Baskan, 2005). Yavuz (2003), away others, considers this sort of readings as superficial. On the contrary, some studies have showed that the religious people in question are well adapted to the rational way of doing business and show strong "Protestant work ethic" values (Arslan, 2001; Ozdemir, 2006).
However, in this paper, we are not interested in the work ethic values of the people in question; whether they are hard workers, or whether they are honest or not. Rather we intend to focus on the dynamics of the emergence of this phenomenon. According to the Weberian reading of society, every social order requires particular type of individuals. In the Turkish context, we propose that Anatolian Islam, in particular the Gülen movement as the typical representative of it, plays a vital role in creating a certain type of individuals. However, the role of this new approach is not only in creating sympathisers of a particular movement, but it also shapes a new interpretation of Islam which is more suitable for worldly activities and, a more rational way of living. In a sense, it might be considered as combining secular and religious values together. For example, educational institutions inspired from Gülen's ideas are not traditional medrese schools; rather they are secular institutions that meet the necessities of the modern world. According to Voll (2003: 243), "it is a new synthesis of elements of the older modern secularism and religion". Therefore, it can be claimed that the new generation religious people grow up within this particular interpretation of the religion. We argue that this new approach, in other words the transition, can also affect the understanding of business and economy. In order to understand the religious businessmen phenomenon in Turkey, we will draw on a particular interpretation of Weber's Protestant work ethic thesis. Then, the phenomenon will be evaluated within that particular interpretation.
Max Weber's Protestant Ethic Thesis
Max Weber's "Protestant work ethic" thesis has been a widely studied subject for many years by considerable amount of researchers from a variety of fields. Naturally, we encounter many different interpretations of Weber's study with different perspectives. Most of the researchers agree about his claim: that ascetic Protestantism played a vital role in the formation of modern, rational capitalism (Weber, 2001). However, this claim might seem vague in itself, and may need to be elucidated by the question how? For this reason, we face many different interpretations explaining how Protestant ethic shaped modern capitalism, and under what circumstances it happened. In this respect, it is extremely important that we use a proper interpretation to explore resembling developments or changes in different cultural settings, such as religious businessmen activities in Turkey.
It is a gripping point that Weber stresses: all of the economically developed countries have already done a series of requisite reformations in relation to the Catholic Church (Weber, 2001). When we examine ascetic Protestantism, we can easily see that ascetic Protestantism shaped a frugal life style, strongly encouraging people towards hard work. Studying Weber on Protestant work ethic (PWE), we encounter two main aspects: one that in psychological, and another that in sociological. In management and psychology literature there are plenty of studies regarding psychological aspect of PWE. This body of literature is mainly about work related values, attitudes, job satisfaction etc. In this respect, the PWE seems to have been converted to personality dimension separated from its socio-political and religious background that Weber proposed (Niles, 1999). In other words, we can assume that the PWE has become secularized, and it can be considered as "work ethic" itself without its religious aspects. Furnham (1990:32) explain this situation as follows: " so it could be claimed that the PWE is not exclusively Protestant, about only work, nor exclusively concerned with ethics. It may therefore be more accurate to talk about work values and beliefs rather than the PWE itself". Therefore, in a sense, it is understandable that some use such terms as "Muslim Calvinists" or "Islamic puritans" while studying different cultural settings, such as Muslims, in the academic literature. But, of course, it does not suggest any correlation between different religions or social settings. For instance, in an insightful study, Mahmut Arslan (2001) compares work ethic values of Protestant British, Catholic Irish and Muslim Turkish managers in terms of PWE. According to his research, Muslim Turkish managers (specifically selected from the Nur movement[2]), show higher PWE values than their Protestant and Catholic counterparts (Arslan, 2001). The author explains his findings with the minimisation of the Ottoman despotism through democratic reforms and transformation of traditional Sufism into a kind of entrepreneurial ideology (Arslan, 2001:335). In another important study utilising a qualitative and hermeneutic perspective, Ozdemir (2006) focuses on the members of a religious businessmen association, MUSIAD (Association of Independent Businessmen). She interprets this phenomenon as an attempt towards creating an indigenous Muslim ethic compatible with the necessities of the modern world (Ozdemir, 2006).
It is a very common opinion that the Gülen movement is the largest faith-based movement in Turkey, with a strong influence on the mainstream religious way of living. Here, this paper proposes that Gülen's new interpretation of Islam promotes a particular type of individuals; and in so doing, it might assist Turkey's efforts towards economic development. We presume that PWE values such as thriftiness, hardworking, honesty are also important values for secular businessmen in Turkey. Therefore, it is hard to claim that religion, in particular "Islamic work ethic"[3] (if there is such a thing), is the only reason for the emergence of successful religious businessmen. However, doing business in a rational and modern way is a new attitude for religious people in Turkey, and this is what we really need to explain. In this regard, we intend to focus on Hennis's interpretation of Weber on the influence of religion on individuals' way of living in terms of economic activities.
Understanding Weber's Main Concern (Hennis's Interpretation)
As a starting point, we should be able to distinguish between personal change, social change and social development, due to the fact that Weber's study concerns the changes in the social order by individuals' particular way of living. In this respect, personal changes should be considered within the social context. Therefore, we intend to take individuals within the social order, because every social order requires a particular type of individuals (Hennis, 2000). However, there is a nuance between social change and social development. According to Schluchter (1981), social changes occur when a social order is transformed into another, but still manages with the same basic social configuration, such as from patrimonialism to sultanism. On the other hand, social development occurs when the basic configuration changes, for instance transition from tradition to modernity (Schluchter, 1981). Gülen movement should be considered within the concept of "social development", because it seems that the main concern of the movement is not to achieve changes in social order, but in relation to individuals.
When examining PWE, Weber's historical problem should be underlined by distinguishing between Western capitalism and Western rationalism. From the very beginning, Weber takes capitalism in historical perspective. He copes with the origin and organizational structure of legal institutions that shaped the development of a specific form of capitalism, which is the modern production-oriented capitalism (Schluchter, 1981). According to Weber, the main characteristic of the capitalism of the modern business firm is driven from a separation of business and personal assets and on an arrangement of risk and responsibility (Weber, 2001). These peculiarities of modern capitalist firms differ from the traditional medieval trading companies. He notes that only this differentiation between types of assets made possible the organizational separation of household and enterprise (Weber, 2001). On the other hand, according to Weber, rationalism is not limited to the West, like capitalism. He claims that rationalisation has existed in all civilizations in very different forms with very divergent viewpoints. Therefore, Weber takes the Western rationalism in its specific manifestation and seeks to explore its distinctiveness. In this respect he tries to explain the historical origin of the Western rationalism by indicating "who rationalizes which spheres of life in what directions and which historical kinds of social order result there from" (Weber, 2001). In other words, Weber tries to explain the emergence of a new bourgeois class based on the Western rationality by specifically emphasising on individuals and their particular way of living.
Obviously, the Western capitalism and rationalism are key terms. However, we should go further to understand the spirit of modern capitalism, and how it is related to religion in particular the Calvinist puritan sect of Protestantism in 17th century Europe. Probably, the first things we could notice, when we look at the Western capitalism as it historically unfolded are legal and commercial transformations such as new types of organizational structures, the development of double entry bookkeeping or newly emerging mechanical techniques. However, Weber does not accept that capitalism is the only reason for these transformations. He tries to show how the way of life shaped by Calvinist puritans "based on rational, legal acquisition through individual endeavour and self-discipline revolutionized the European economy" (Lewis, forthcoming). According to Giddens (2001:xviii), the "emergence of modern capitalism was an outcome of historically specific conjunction of events". Clearly, we could say that Weber's intention is to explain the historical genesis of "the manner of leading one's life" (Hennis, 2000), rather than develop a causal relationship between religion and modern capitalism. Weber explains his real concern as follows:
In order that a manner of life so well adapted to the peculiarities of capitalism could be selected at all, i.e. should come to dominate others, it had to originate somewhere, and not in isolated individuals alone, but as a way of life common to whole groups of men. This origin is what really needs explanation (Weber, 2001:20).
Hennis (2000) appears to offer a distinct interpretation of Weber in this regard. According to this reading, every social order requires a certain kind of individuals. Consequently, Hennis claims that Weber's investigation centres around, not a 'spirit' at all, but a 'habitus'. Habitus is a complex concept "referring primarily to the non-discursive aspects of culture that bind individuals to larger groups" (wikipedia.org, 2007), particularly manner of leading one's life (Lebensführung)[4] within the social orders of life, such as family, community and economic activities in life. Weber considered all these as 'sphere' which means a particular aspect of life or activity. Hennis explains the ideas behind this term as follows:
The 'sphere' which Weber stressed was that of the 'vocation' of acquisitive activity (Erwerbsleben). The puritans had brought the great 'internal tensions' between vocation, life and ethics into a 'characteristic equilibrium'; for them there was no 'on the one hand and on the other', 'theory and practice', they rather conducted lives 'totally', harnessed, consciously, 'methodically', at one with their God and themselves - presupposing the corresponding Lebensführung (Hennis, 2000:17).
Similarly, creating an Islamic ethic as a manner of conducting individual's life is the main objective of Gülen and his close circle. According to Özdalga (2003:61) his goal is to promote an ethic that is very close to what Max Weber defined as worldly asceticism, "an activist pietism with a tendency toward the rationalisation of social relationships". It is also possible to see noticeable similarities between the activities of Gülen movement and those of Protestant missionaries. Özdalga (2003:66) summarizes these parallels in the following manner:
belief in the individual study of holy scriptures; the urge to live a life of piety and self-sacrifice; the enthusiasm for knowledge in general and knowledge of the natural sciences in particular; the urge to carry this knowledge to others through various educational projects; an enterprising spirit; the urge to do good deeds (activism); and a strong impulse to break open the borders of one's own national milieu to reach out to other countries and places around the globe.
Weber also states in an earlier debate with Fisher, that his "investigations concern only the analysis of the development of an ethical life-style adequate to emergent modern capitalism" (cited in Hennis, 2000:14). Therefore, it could be concluded that his central interest is the development of modern rational capitalism and how it was most deeply influenced by a particular combination of circumstances (Hennis, 2000). As it is clearly seen, there is no direct link between modern rational capitalism and Protestantism. The primary issue here is how a certain kind of belief system determines the lives of individuals who are born into a particular society. With this point in mind, we can talk about the assistance of Protestant asceticism in building the tremendous cosmos of the modern economic order (Hennis, 2000).
Unlike many others, Hennis (2000) suggests that we must see Weber's starting point first, which is the 'economic ethics of world religions'. In his short life time, Weber tried to look at the world's different religions and their influences on economic activities. He examined, for instance, the religion of China and its effects on economic activities, beside his studies on Protestant ethic in Western Europe. For him, therefore, Protestantism, especially its Calvinist branch, was just a sample of his argument, rather than his central question or focal point. As a common opinion, Weber's fundamental problem was the question of 'what is the meaning of rationality?' However, according to Hennis (2000), it was just an introduction and does not cover everything; and he argues that Weber's thesis has been misunderstood for a long time as a causal hypothesis on the origin of capitalism. To see the process of rationalization as Weber's fundamental theme is certainly not incorrect, he suggests; but, he also adds that it is misleading to read everything in its terms and see it everywhere (Hennis, 2000:7). Today's prevailing opinion is to focus on the term Weber frequently used: "selective affinity" between 'Protestant ethic' and the 'spirit of capitalism'. Turner (1974) also argues that Weber was not saying that Calvinism created modern capitalism in his study, the Protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism. By contrast, he claims that one can find many evidences supporting the idea that Calvinism did not create capitalism (Turner, 1974). In this respect, some scholars think that it is also possible to interpret Weber's study in an economically determinist way. Aktay (2004) proposes that it is all about the coexistence of 'Protestant ethic' and 'spirit of capitalism'. This simultaneous meeting of the protestant ethic and the spirit of capitalism together helped for development of modern capitalism. For this reason, Weber might have used the term 'selective affinity' to explain the relationship between Protestant ethic and capitalism. Weber offers a clarification by stating:
I therefore take no responsibility for the misconceptions upon which in my opinion the foregoing 'criticism' is based. I will, however, try again on occasion of a separate edition of the essays, which for technical publishing reasons cannot be long postponed, to remove each expression which could be misunderstood in terms of derivation (falsely attributed me) of economic forms from religious motives, and to make it if possible even clearer that it is the spirit of a 'methodical' Lebensführung which should be 'derived' from 'asceticism' in its Protestant transformation and which then stands in a cultural-historical relation of 'adequacy-equivalence' which is in my opinion very important. I am grateful to my critic for this stimulus [(PE II, p.31) cited in Hennis (2000)].
In a sense, Weber's study might seem similar to Sombart's important book The Genesis of the Capitalism, which first appeared in 1902[5]. In this study, Sombart explains material developments as the result of an ethos, for instance, the role of Judaism in the development of capitalism (Sombart, 1902-2001). Hennis argues that "if Weber wished to present something new then it could not be in terms of the significance of Protestantism for the rise of capitalism" (Hennis, 2000:14). Considering the fact that, at that time Sombart had already characterised that Protestantism, especially in its Calvinist version had played an important role in the development of capitalism; Weber's problematic must be something quite different (Hennis, 2000). As Weber states, his whole investigation involved, not a 'spirit' at all, but rather a Habitus, in other words, the unfolding of a particular kind of Lebensführung 'within the orders of the world: family, economic life, social community' (Weber, 2001). Therefore, his only concern is the analysis of the development of an ethical life-style adequate to an emergent modern capitalism, according to Hennis (2000). In other words, he is interested in the emergence and development of a Lebensführung (conduct of life) which made modern capitalism achievable, stressing the relationship between a specific type of individual and a specific form of social order (Lewis, forthcoming). Therefore, it can be said that the Calvinist sect was only a sample of Weber's study. In Weber's reading, it provides the moral power and drive of the capitalist entrepreneur, according to Giddens (2001).
In the Turkish context, we can claim, at the most, that the Gülen movement supplies a similar moral energy and drive for Turkish entrepreneurs. The perception of religious people towards worldly, in particular economic, activities seems have been transformed into a more rational and modern way by the new interpretation of Islam in Turkey. Arguably, it can be said that this new approach has similar effects on Anatolian society, as in the effects of Protestant reformation over the Western Europe. It is only because of this theoretical similarity, such terms as "Calvinism" or "Puritanism" are sometimes being used to describe resembling developments in different cultural settings. In a sense, some aspects of the Gülen movement, with their focus on hard work, a disciplined life motivated by traditional and religious values, make comparing it to Protestantism[6]. Therefore, we suggest that in the relevant literature, such concepts as "Muslim Calvinists" or "Islamic puritans" should be read in this perspective. Therefore, interpreting these developments as a Protestantisation of Islam would not correctly be reflecting the transition in question, we propose.
A New Form of Sufism and Economic Activity
Religious sphere, although traditionalist and conservative, has the potential for change and innovation through interaction between its doctrinal dimensions and social reality (Worsley, 1969; Ozdemir, 2006). Protestant reformation is a good example of a religion's transformative potential. As known, Protestant reformation had played an important role in creating a particular way of living in Europe. It was that particular way which had important effect in the emergence of modern rational capitalism.
According to Ozdemir (2006), the growing number of religious businessmen in Turkey is a sign of the rebirth of an indigenous Muslim ethic which was suppressed for a long time after the establishment of the Turkish republic. It can also be described as struggle for creating an internal code of ethics for all aspects of the local life. As in Calvinism, it is not only related to religious individuals, it also affects many different aspects of the public sphere. In this context, the emergence of religious businessmen could be considered as carriers of a new indigenous ethic. Gole (1997) considers these businessmen as a newly emerging secondary elite group. Whether they are named a secondary elites or a new bourgeoisie, we propose that they could play a vital role in Turkey's development process.
In a sense, some studies (Rodinson, 1973; Arslan, 2001; Turkdogan, 2005) seem to prove that Islamic values and capitalism are not incompatible. However, it is a paradoxical situation as well. It does not explain the underdevelopment of Muslim countries, considering the fact that these values have existed for fourteen centuries. Kuran (1997) suggests that the reason for the underdevelopment of Muslim countries should be sought internally rather than externally. By saying internal reasons we understand the different perceptions and interpretations of the religion. For a long time, in Turkey among the other Muslim countries, Western civilisation and rational values were seen as non-compatible for the Muslim societies. Gülen and his close circle "go a step further accepting Western civilisation as a suitable foundation for material life while considering Islamic civilisation suitable for spiritual life" (Aras, 2000:39). For this reason, this paper focuses on a particular interpretation of Islam in Turkey.
Presumably, local and traditional values should shape the understanding of religion. As known, Sufism has had a crucial impact on Turkish understanding of Islam. Spiritual teaching of Sufism can be expressed as: "to help to refine the individual's consciousness so that it may reach the Radiances of Truth, from which one is cut off by ordinary activities of the world" (Shah, 1990:1). The most common motives of Sufism could be summarized by the following terms: "tevekkul" (reliance; putting oneself in God's hands), "dunya" (worldliness) and "zikr" (remembrance of God). However, the perception and the interpretation of these terms have changed over time. Regarding the relations between Sufiideas and economic activities, Sabri Ulgener is the first scholar, that comes to minds. He is also known as the "Turkish Weber". According to Ulgener (1991) the concepts mentioned had separated from their original meaning as being otherworldliness. In the early years of Turkish republic, many Sufi institutions had been closed by Atatürk on the ground that those institutions (Tekkes: Dervish schools) were encouraging laziness, indolence and were open to abuse. At the same period, Turkey chose a strict form of secularism for its development and modernization project. Ulgener finds understandable the reasons for closing tekkes down. The misinterpretation of Sufism which defined the late Ottoman tekkes, according to him, was one of the reasons for the economic disintegration of the Ottoman Empire (Ulgener, 1991).
However, Ulgener (2006) also stresses the necessity of investigating the main concern of Sufi ideas. He claims that Sufism is not necessarily against worldly activities. The concept of "dunya (worldliness)" is a key notion in Sufi literature. In many Sufi sayings and poems we can see that a negative meaning applied to the concept, in terms of leaving everything in the world. In general meaning, Sufis define the concept of "world" as everything in the world except the love of God. According to Ulgener this is what people misunderstood for long time. He proposes that the meaning of "dunya" should be sought within individuals' intention, rather than within the material dimensions of the world (Ulgener, 2006). As Ulgener explains, Sufis consider the "dunya" as nothing else than forgetting of devotion to God. In this respect, Sufis claim that none of the usual suspects such as women, money, or business career, are the "dunya". Ulgener makes his argument stronger by citing some sayings of the prophet: "The world is something that keeps you busy from remembrance of God" "Work for this world as if you will never die; and work for the other world as if you will die tomorrow" (2006: 64). Therefore, it can be said that the crucial thing for Sufism is not the worldly activity itself, but the intention of the individual. Engaged in work overall, Ulgener's studies show his optimism regarding a regaining of the power of Sufi ideas in an economic sense. In this regard, it can be said that Gülen has also been reinterpreting Sufi teachings within the contemporary framework[7]. The ideas of Ulgener, who is an historian of economics, show high compatibility with those of Gülen. When explaining such Sufi terms as isolation (tecrid) or asceticism (zuhd), Gülen stresses that these terms do not mean that one should leave worldly activities; and he puts great emphasis on rearing Muslim individuals not isolated from the world (Gülen, 2004). Unlike political Islamic movements in Turkey, the priority of the Gülen movement is education towards a reconstruction of the daily lives of people in Turkey (Piricky, 1999). Thus, it can be claimed that his tenets influence many aspects of daily life, including economy and business. In an interview Gülen, gives us some evidence regarding how this new interpretation of Islam contributes to a more rational way of living in terms of economic activities:
Today, our troubles are ignorance, dissension and poverty. The solution for these problems is organizing rich people and learning how to conduct work. Even today, I definitely wish them (Turkish entrepreneurs) who come to see me, to do something (in business sense) here. And, I ask them: Have you done a proper market analysis? Do you know about your competitors? (Akman, 2004:52)
As it is seen, rather than direct relations between religion and economic activities, such as Islamic business principles; his contribution very much values the secular premises of business. In this respect, just as Protestantism in shaping a capitalist entrepreneurial mentality within the Christian world, Gülen is thought to play a comparable role within the modern Turkish society (Piricky, 1999). Therefore, the phenomenon of religious businessmen in Turkey should be explained within the social context which that particular way of living shapes. However, the emergence of religious businessmen in Turkey should not only be applied to the new interpretation of Islam. After 1980s, Turkey's economy politics changed radically and it was shifted from a state-oriented economy to a free-market liberal economy. It can be said that this transformation in economy politics has encouraged private business sector and it has facilitated the emergence of enterprise culture. Historically, the transition both in economics and religion has occurred at the same time period. Aras (2000:40) summarizes it as follows:
In the 1990s, however, policies oriented towards greater liberalisation and a shift to export-oriented industrialisation have led to the emergence of new, dynamic, export-oriented, small and medium-sized business, many based in traditionally conservative Anatolian cities. This segment of society has been mobilized by Gülen's movement. The newly emerging export-oriented economic class is likely to challenge the existing economic structure and pressure the state bureaucracy to end the unequal treatment. It might also be said that the economic activities linked to Gülen's movement as well as the educational activities of Gülen's community have become part of an alternative economy.
In almost every Anatolian city, Gülen's sympathisers have established local businessmen associations. Among these local institutions, they have also established two national businessmen associations: TUSKON (Confederation of Businessmen and Industrialists of Turkey), and ISHAD (Business Life Cooperation Association). These associations work as NGOs (Non-Governmental Organizations) and aim to provide suitable atmosphere for gathering Turkish private business sector together and stress the importance of cooperation and ethics. They arrange business trips all over the world to seek new opportunities for Turkish entrepreneurs. The businessmen of these associations are also financing the educational institutions of Gülen Movement, considering it as a social (or, in a sense a religious) responsibility of their own. In this respect, we can claim that religious businessmen in Turkey have started to work in a more rational way which requires full adaptation to free market and the capitalist system.
Purportedly, we can assume that combining traditional values and modernity might assist Turkey's modernisation project. Talal Asad, in his insightful study entitled Genealogies of Religion, notes that tradition and modernity are not entirely different entities, and he claims that modernity emerges out of tradition (Asad, 1993). In the Turkish context, the Gülen movement seems a new paradigm for acquiring the level of modern developed countries. According to Yilmaz (2005:400) the movement "is generally deemed to be moderate" and it "can be considered 'modern' in the sense that it espouses a worldview centred around the self-reflexive and politically participant individual's ability to realise personal goals while adhering to a collective identity, and seeks to shape local networks and institutions in relation to global discourses of democracy, human rights, and the market economy" Yavuz (1999:195).
It is a common opinion that Muslim world is in transition. As previously mentioned, this paper's focal point is economic aspects of this transition, in the case of religious businessmen in Turkey, and the contribution of the Gülen movement to this transition. While evaluating the emergence of religious businessmen in Turkey we tried to use a Weberian approach by distinguishing the different interpretations of Weber.
In short, this paper proposes two major points. First, we suggest that the phenomenon at issue should be read in the way that, following Hennis, Weber's central concern is all about (which is the conduct/manner of one's life), as opposed to setting up causal relationships between religion and economic activity. We suggest that Gülen's new interpretation of Islam has crucial impacts on mainstream understanding of Islam in Turkish society. In particular, it seems that religious people in Turkey has modified their views towards business activities into a more rational way. Secondly, we suggest that the new interpretation of Islam with its flexible ideas and its high compatibility with the modern world might come handy in Turkey's modernization project that the Turkish state has been trying to achieve from the very beginning through an uncompromising secularism inimical to religious sentiments. Additionally, we propose that this new interpretation of Islam which integrates modernity with tradition might set up an example for the other Muslim countries.
[2] The Nur (Light) movement is an influential Islamic movement guided by Said Nursi (1878-1960) in Turkey and all over the world, from which the Gülen movement sprang. "It differs from other Islamic movements in terms of understanding of Islam and its strategy of transforming society by raising individual consciousness." (www.religion.info, 2007)
[3] According to Yousef (2001:154) "both the Islamic work ethic (IWE) and the Protestant work ethic (PWE) place considerable emphasis on hard work, commitment and dedication to work, work creativity, avoidance of unethical methods of wealth accumulation, cooperation and competitiveness at the work place. However, unlike the PWE, the IWE places more emphasis on intention than on results. For example, Prophet Mohammed stated 'actions are recorded according to intention, and man will be rewarded or punished accordingly'".
[4] The German term 'Lebensführung', which is critical in Weber's theory of social stratification, inspires various ideas among English speaking sociologists, as Abel and Cockerham (1993) argue. According to the authors, Lebensführung means life conduct or managing one's life; applied to the individual; it refers to the self-direction of one's behaviour, not life style.
[5] It was before Weber published his study, the Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism.
[6] See Aras, 2000; Ozdalga, 2003; Yavuz, 2003 and ESI's report on www.esiweb.org
[7] For further information about Gülen's reading of Sufi terms, see: Gülen, F. (2004), Key Concepts in the Practice of Sufism, The Light Inc: NJ.
- PDF version of this article can be found at http://gulenconference.org.uk/userfiles/file/Proceedings/Prcd%20-%20Uygur,%20S.pdf


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Top News Aggregator Mobile Apps
These days almost everyone gets their news from the internet. Whether it's Facebook, email or phone apps, it seems like news outlets are using anything except the newspaper to deliver news. Lucky for us, the world's tech-savvy minds have come together and brought us news aggregator apps that will send a news recap and deliver only the news that you ask for. Here are some …Continue reading

subset: commoncrawl


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Scottsdale, AZ -- (SBWIRE) -- 12/13/2012 -- The Solid Wood Cabinet Company is now offering their 40% off sale to all customers in Philadelphia and Maryland. If a person is seeking some of the most durable and state-of-the-art kitchen cabinets in Philadelphia, The Solid Wood Cabinet Company has the cabinets in stock that any customer may be looking for.
If a kitchen is looking dull and unstylish, The Solid Wood Cabinet Company also offers design professionals who will be readily available to help any customer with redesigning his or her kitchen. Having new kitchen cabinets in Maryland or Philadelphia can also lead to a more productive lifestyle for those who work in and around their home on a daily basis. In addition, The Solid Wood Cabinet Company's professionals only offer designs that will add a unique aesthetic appeal, and their designers will also offer cabinets that will positively alter the mood and improve the customer's lifestyle.
The Solid Wood Cabinet Company bases their success off of the satisfaction that they provide to their customers. Without a good word of mouth, this kitchen remodeling company in NJ would not be the company it is today. A recent customer had this to say about The Solid Wood Cabinet Company, "I just wanted to thank Ari G. and Solid Wood Cabinets for our beautiful new kitchen. He was so efficient and knowledgeable. Our installer could not believe what we paid for solid wood cabinets. My experience in Levittown was very pleasant and I would gladly recommend your company to others."
When it comes to the delivery and installation of a customer's cabinets, The Solid Wood Cabinet Company takes every precaution necessary so that they deliver a product that is in the most pristine condition possible. To hear more about their 40% off sale, or to learn more about the types of kitchen cabinets they offer, give them a call at 855-644-9663, or visit http://www.solidwoodcabinets.com.


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What Would You Ask a Child Development Expert?
What Would You Ask a Child Development Expert?
We want to share and help answer your questions as a parent using the knowledge and expertise that we have here at LUME and UCCC.
The first question is…
What is the most important thing I can do as a parent?
In order to answer this question we interviewed some of the folks at LUME and UCCC. Listen to what they had to say below.
So to recap…BE with your children...be present, be attentive, be available, be genuine, be responsive, be silly…and LOVE them.
I also want to share another perspective that reminds us as parents to relax and allow our children the opportunity to play. This brief article was posted in the November 19, 2015 ExchangeEveryDay e-newsletter.
When all the bad news in the world gets to be too much, I like to escape by reading Dave Barry. Last week I was doing just that when I discovered that even with Barry, I can't escape from thinking about our work. Here is some of what Barry had to say about his parents in his book, Live Right and Find Happiness:
"Above all, they did not worry about providing a perfect risk-free environment for their children. They loved us, sure. But they didn't feel obligated to spend every waking minute running interference between us and the world. They were parents, but they were not engaged 24/7 in what we have created, featuring many crucial child-rearing requirements that my parents' generation was blissfully unaware of.
"They didn't go to prenatal classes, so they didn't find out all the things that can go wrong when a person has a baby, so they didn't spend months worrying about those things.... They didn't form 'play groups' where they sat around worrying that their drooling baby was behind some other drooling baby in reaching whatever critical childhood development stage they read about in their 37 parenting handbooks written by experts, each listing hundreds, if not thousands of things they should worry about....
"They didn't worry that their children would get bored, so they didn't schedule endless after-school activities and drive their kids to the activities and stand around with other parents watching their children engage in the activities. Instead, they sent their children out to play."
We would love to hear your thoughts on this question. Post your comments below!
Post by Jessica Sims


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It's always exciting bringing a new piece of gear into your creative field, especially a camera as nice as the new 5D MKIV. I'm not one to run out the door though and buy each camera or phone that hits the market. The pace of technology is simply too great and unless I can point to very specific things that are holding me back with my current setup, I'll stick with it. Back in the film days I shot with the Canon EOS 1N before making the switch to digital in 2006 with the Canon 1D MKII. I shot with that right up until 2012 when I bought the 5D MKII, just a month before the MKIII would come out. The MKII has definitely served me well over the past 4 years, capturing beautiful images and video while being dragged through soaking wet rainforests, over rugged clearcuts, and to the tops of 250ft trees. But certain technical elements were starting to show their age, most notably the auto-focus system, which struggled in low-light and often missed on important shots. I decided it was time. The MKIV's improved auto-focus system, dynamic range, higher resolution, and low-light capabilities, along with its added touch screen, GPS, WiFi, and HDR video with focus tracking, are all much welcomed additions. I can definitely see how it will improve critical areas in my field of shooting on a day-to-day basis, which includes a lot of hand-held shooting in dark forests. I can't wait to get it out in the woods and I'll be sure to post some images once I get back!
Upgrade Time! The New Canon 5D MKIV
in Gear


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Topic : How to make the perfect resume 2018.
Author : Bemelle Campos.
Published : Sat, Nov 02nd 2019 03:43 AM.
Format : jpg/jpeg.
The results of using a resume creator software application will be stunning and interesting to the person that is reviewing it. You can create your resume quickly and with ease and you will surely be pleased with the results. If you choose to use the resume template you will save time by not having to create your own structure for your resume. You will, however, have to work within the constraints of the template to include the necessary information. Again, perhaps the most difficult approach, would be to write your resume yourself. If you have the time and creativity to write a proper resume from scratch this can also be a good choice. It will take longer and will require the knowledge to do it correctly, so be careful.
The first way, and possibly the most difficult, is to create your resume from scratch. This can be a challenge because you do not want to submit a resume that is boring and that will not catch the eye of the hiring staff. If you write your own resume be sure that you come up with a unique presentation of your information and that you do not have any errors in spelling or grammar. When employers see a resume that is sloppy and that has errors on it they are very likely to turn it over and continue looking at the other resumes that were submitted.
Obviously, you know what is on your resume, right? Not necessarily if you had someone else write it and you do not review it very carefully. Keep in mind that many facts large and small went into the shaping of your winning resume. When the time comes to sit in front of a hiring manager for a face-to-face interview, you should not be hesitant about which facts made it onto your resume and which ones did not. Chances are your words will not be in sync with your written resume if you are not thoroughly familiar with exactly what your resume says. The best way to be on top of those details is to write your resume for yourself.


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Audio and Video
Will Hoge Mobile App« Video & Audio « Downloads
|December 27, 2012
|26 times
|Video & Audio
The official app of Will Hoge. Get the latest tour dates, news, tweets merchandise and more!
Truth be told, Hoge has sold quite a few albums on his way to regional and national fame, and he's been moving people on stage for well over a decade. It's what he does. He's an artist people see over and over again, because every show is unique and gripping. His songs, while not cheerful on the surface, have the cathartic power of the blues for their recognizable human situations. And then there's the voice – like a human Hammond B3 – clear here, rough there and drenched with dynamics and soul. He's blazed brightly without going off the rails and he's grown as a songwriter. He's survived and thrived through endless miles in vans and busses, landing and unraveling a mainstream record deal as well as a life-altering scooter accident. If, as we read in Rolling Stone and elsewhere, Nashville has finally landed on the national rock and roll map, Hoge has been there all along.
Learn more at WillHoge.com


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Birds build nests to protect themselves, their eggs, and their young from predators and from adverse weather. One form of nesting that several species backyard employ is called " cavity nesting." Cavity-nesters are birds that build their nests in tree cavities or holes. These cavities can be either natural ( i.e. created by decaying wood ), or excavated ( i.e. created by woodpeckers ). There are two types of cavity nesters, primary and secondary. The primary cavity nesters are woodpeckers, who can chisel cavities into trees which they then use for nesting sites. When they are finished nesting, the cavities become available for the secondary cavity nesters, who are unable to excavate.
Birdhouses cater to the needs of cavity nesters by offering them artificial cavities. They come in many shapes, and sizes. This section of our website gives you common sense information on birdhouses, no matter if you plan to build your own birdhouse, or plan to buy a birdhouse of the shelf. There are always things to consider when you want to decorate your garden or house with a birdhouse, such as the best location for a birdhouse, protection form predators, maintenance, etc.
Other species build their nests in the open and are called open-nesters. Some open-nesters may be facultative cavity-nesters when a good opportunity presents itself. Some birds do not nest in holes. American Robins, Phoebes, European Kestrels and Grey Shrike-Thrushes, may use a tray-like ledge with a roof, attached to a tree or the side of a building. Barn swallows will use an unroofed shelf under the eave a building.
Backyard birds and you
Millions of people like having birds in their gardens as part of the beauty, fun and entertainment in the immediate surroundings of their houses, and right they are! No matter if you have just started living in your own place, have your own nest full of little or taller chicks, are enjoying your home by yourself or are an empty nester, birds are a the crown jewels of your garden, a constant source of entertainment, giving you fun and exiting moments every day of your life. Did you know that in the US as more than 60 million people do something to attract birds to their gardens or houses? No doubt you are one of those people and thereby you are a birdwatcher! You may never have thought of yourself being one, but hey, you put up a birdhouse or birdfeeder to watch birds come to your garden and house. So......, you are a birdwatcher!
With our huge website giving lots of technical information, I thought I really should pay more attention to the millions of people who don't keep up a birdlist, who don't spend their weekends trotting through the woods. If you like looking out of your window and see birds on a birdfeeder, enjoy little birds busy around feeding their young, then this section of the website is for you. If you go to school, then I like you to feel that this part of the website is specially for you.
I just started this section and it will take a while until all the pages have been written with good information. I still need to get good pictures of birdhouses, birdfeeders, designs and ideas. There are many website selling birdhouses and feeders, and quite frankly I am appalled by the prices of the products on most sites. So over time, I hope to help you discover affordable ways of making your own birdhouses and bird feeders. At first you will find some links to sites, that I consider worth reading and consulting, but over time, most of the information will be from myself. But I can't do it alone. I need your help to help the millions of bird friends to help our feathered friends. Therefore, I would really appreciate if you could send me pictures and suggestions and comments on birdhouses and birdfeeders.. Not to do me a favour, but to share your pictures with others and help them with your ideas and pictures to get the joy of having those marvelous joyous feathered friends around their houses. Sometimes it takes a while, but so far I have always answered emails sent to this website email address at the bottom of this page. I hope you send me your ideas and pictures so it can show them on this website. As you can see, this is not a commercial website, and your pictures would be enjoyed by countless other bird friends, as we enjoy as many as 1 000 000 visitors per year and the numbers are growing at a rate of more than 30% per year!
For bird friends in the USA, there is a great web project to help follow or monitor how breeding birds are doing: http://watch.birds.cornell.edu/nest/home/index. Anybody is welcome to participate in the project and share with scientists how the birds in your birdhouse have been faring. In turn you receive information on breeding success from others.
This website is about birds, nature, conservation and the passion for nature. Let me tell you a bit about myself.
For years, I kept this website rather anonymous. But then it occurred to me that maybe, you, the visitor, would actually enjoy knowing who and what is behind all this. I am Daan Vreugdenhil, have a PhD in conservation ecology, and dedicated my career of 4 decades to the conservation of nature, for which I visited some 80 countries and learned 6 foreign languages, my native language being Dutch. I have always felt that conservation is a passion, not a profession.
As a child, my father would take me on the back of his bicycle into the meadows in Holland, where he taught me to identify birds and plants. I caught frogs, butterflies and lizards as pets (yes, most of those poor critters died shortly after). As a teenager, I joined a youth club for nature study, riding my bike every weekend with my fellow club members to nature reserves in the Netherlands where I grew up. Little wonder, when time came I studied ecology and natural resources management.
I guess, I never got over my love for nature, wild places, forests, deserts and wild animals. I still love hitting the trail, kayaking down a river, the wind in my ears when skiing down a slope or riding my speed bike. Often people ask me if I don't get tired of traveling. But how can one ever get tired of the beauty of the bright colours of Indian Fall, the thrill of an eagle soaring the sky, the thunder of Iguaçu Falls, the fragrance of a spring flower, a Sky Lark announcing spring, a herd of elephants roaming the plains. My entire life has been dedicated to the conservation of nature.
This website is my gift to you, so you can follow me in my passion and carry on the flame of conservation, the result of more than a decade of work for which I never got paid or never received any subsidy. If this website in any way was useful to you, then I invite you to make a donation to the Adopt A Ranger Foundation. The Adopt A Ranger Foundation is my latest contribution in my quest to save 10% of our planet as a home for animals and plants.
On this website, you can find the bird checklists of all countries of the world: Just go to https://www.birdlist.org/site/regions.htm. In many of them you can find the bird names in its native language as well. But there is much more. There are pictures of nature, great tools for conservation, information on national parks and other nature reserves, an on-line book on ecology and nature conservation, free software for downloading, technical reports for those who want it. In order to find your way through the 2000 interlinked web pages on nature and conservation, please go to the site map. On this page we help you find the way to the worldwide list of birds and the bird names in other languages.


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Wine by the Bar: an iPhone App
In a rush to get the info for a few new bottles you're looking at? Having dinner in a place where it is improper to spend time entering wine information on your phone? Have no fear; Wine by the Bar is here! Wine by the Bar, a nifty app for the iPhone, makes use of your phone's camera to scan barcodes directly from wine bottles in an instant. (This means no more navigating through lengthy lists!) Once scanned, Wine by the Bar puts you in touch with your favorite wine writers, wine stores, and wineries. You can read numerous wine reviews, and even share your own musings with an ever-growing wine community of users. By signing up on the website Wine by the Bar.com you can even elect to share your wine blogs and RSS feeds with thousands of users for free (This is a good marketing strategy to help your wine tasting talents be "discovered")! Complementing Wine by the Bar is the app Beer by the Bar. True to the spirit of its predecessor, this app works the same way but simply provides information for beer. In addition to the iPhone, Wine by the Bar is a free application that also runs on the iPad and iPod Touch.


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It seems like every month there is a new health craze – from the obsession with kale to using chia seeds every day, we are constantly seeing new trends pop up. One trend that has been escalating in exposure lately, and the resource is free, is drinking a gallon of water a day. There are posts online of women drinking a gallon of water per day for 30 days saying their skin radically transformed during those 30 days. But is drinking this much water recommended and safe?
The Proper Amount
Most doctors and dieticians recommend the usual eight 8 oz. glasses per day to stay properly hydrated, and from there, if you exercise or sweat, they recommend drinking the right amount to replace the water that is lost from sweating, plus from urination. So when looking at a gallon of water, this amount is actually twice the recommended amount.
"30 Day Water Challenge"
People have been trying this recent fad because – why not? Water is free from your tap (unless you have to buy filtered water) and you can easily fill up a gallon each day and mark the sides of the gallon for each hour or every two hours to monitor your intake. Some celebrities swear by drinking a gallon per day, saying that it helps their skin look flawless. Others swear that increasing your intake to a gallon per day will reduce the amount of headaches you have and boost your energy.
But is this all true?
Those who have documented their 30 day challenge noted feeling a little nauseous if they drank too much at once, and that their skin within the first few days began to break out due to the water pushing toxins out of their body. By the second week they began to feel more energy and less bloated from drinking the water. The third week resulted in a craving for water, so consuming a gallon didn't seem like a challenge at all. The major takeaways from this challenge, by many, was that by the end their skin had improved, they had more energy, and slept better at night. Some also experienced less headaches and weight loss due to filling up with water every day.
Water Intoxication
While the challenge seems to bring with it many benefits, it's important to know how much water you should be consuming personally. One person may actually require a gallon per day depending on what their daily activities consist of, whereas your own intake could be a lot more or a lot less. Plus athletes generally drink more water because water helps to build and repair muscles.
When water is consumed rapidly, the body's electrolyte balance can be thrown off and water can enter into brain cells, causing what is known as water intoxication. From taking in more water than needed, the sodium levels in the body dramatically decrease, leading to coma and death in some cases. Confusion occurs as a symptom when sodium levels drop to 120 mmol/liter, then drowsiness once it drops to 110 mmol/liter, and coma and/or other severe symptoms will occur if levels drop to 90-105 mmol/liter. The faster the intake of water, the faster the drop in sodium, and the more rapidly these symptoms will occur.
The main symptoms of water intoxication are confusion, drowsiness, and coma, but other symptoms also include inappropriate behavior, delusions, and hallucinations, all of which are symptoms of psychosis; since the symptoms are very similar, many mistake water intoxication for psychosis.
The Verdict?
Drinking a gallon of water per day does have its benefits, but monitor your activity to determine how much you should be drinking seeing as some don't actually need all that extra water. But when all's said and done, a properly hydrated body is a happy body.
Have you tried this 30 Day Water Challenge? If you have, tell us your journey during the challenge in the comments below! Feel free to join the discussion on our Facebook page or get in touch with us directly.


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I am currently conducting a highly scientific experiment involving my iPad and nudity. Ok, that sounds really bad. Let me start over... I am attempting to use and carry around my new iPad Air without a case. This is a pretty terrifying prospect for me because I take my iPad EVERYWHERE. However, when you think about it, that is even more of a reason to consider going "caseless: with an iPad...especially with incredibly light and thin iPad Air or iPad mini. Apple has gone the extra mile to take every millimeter and ounce out of these devices and what do we do? We slap a case on this new gorgeous device from a manafacuturer than in many cases did not take the same care in design that Apple did (don't get me wrong there are some amazing quality cases out there).
So what drove me to make this decision? The biggest driver for me was the purchase of a new messenger bag (or "man purse/murse), the Muzetto Leather from Waterfield . I've been drooling over these leather messenger style bags for a couple of years now and I finally bit the bullet and used my birthday cash this year and bought me one. I'll be writing a review on this bag soon, but in summary this is an amazing bag. However, there are certain compromises. The best design feature of this bag is that it is very slim...minimalist. So it really forced you to filter out all the stuff you would normally carry in a larger bag and carry just those things you really need to carry. Since I pretty much have to carry my work issued MacBook Air at all times this didn't leave a lot of room for me to have much of a case on my iPad and have it still fit in my Muzetto. But, since the Muzetto has a really nice padded pocket in the front specifically for tablets I kinda already have a built-in case for my iPad...my Muzetto bag. So when I bought my iPad Air last month I bought it without a case and have been using it this way ever since.
The Results
I've been going ceaseless with the iPad Air for over a month now and so far it is working out fine. My previous iPad was the iPad mini and I used the BookBook case from TwelveSouth and loved it. I would by lying if I told you I didn't miss the study feel of carrying around an iPad as an old-style leather book. It was really nice knowing I could literally take my iPad with me anywhere and know it wasn't going to be damaged and most people didn't even know it was an iPad. But by giving up the leather book form factor case I gained a lot more portability in that the iPad is quite a bit lighter and easier to hold for long periods and much less bulky. I haven't hesitated one bit in taking my iPad everywhere with me, even without a case and it still looks just as new now as it did the day I took it out of the box. Granted I am pretty careful with my devices). If I leave the house or am going from meeting to meeting at work I always have my Muzetto bag with me anyway, so in that sense my iPad is being carried around in a protective case (the bag). I did just purchase a skin, the Bodyguardz Armor. It hasn't arrived yet as of this writing as I bought it on sale over the weeknd of Thanksgiving. I bought this because I wanted some added texture (grip) on the back of the iPad and som scratch/scuff protection. The Bodyguardz Armor also comes with an anti-glare screen protector, and while these can degrade the image quality some they also significantly cutback on the glare and reduce fingerprints (which in my opinion reduce image quality even more).
The other aspect of going ceaseless is not having a built-in stand for my iPad. This one really had me concerned. I liked being able to take out my iPad mini and use the BookBook to prop it up on my lap and be able to take notes. Now that I don't have a case I can't do that...or can I? I now find myself thumb typing in portrait mode more often than not and for the times I need to type a large amount of text I just lay the iPad down on my lap flat and it works just fine. So surprisingly I have not missed my case in that respect. It was really handy using the case to watch movies on an airplane or even for reading because that would free up my hands to hold a drink or hold food. Now I end up typing on a flat tray table when doing work or just holding the iPad when watching a movie or reading. Not having a built-in case hasn't been a problem on my frequent airplane trips either. The other main iPad stand use I have is at my desk at work and home or at the dining room table. Several years ago I made some solid wood iPad stands and I am now getting much more use out of those now that I don't have a case on my iPad. I keep one stand at home and one at work and the work great for when I need a stand at these locations. So far I haven't had a need to carry any kind of a portable stand with me and I'm hoping it stays that way.
My naked iPad experiment so far has been a success. Apple designed the iPad to be touched and held and depending on how you use your iPad a case may do nothing but get between you and a beautifully designed product. Apple has literally spent millions in R&D to make the iPad as thin and light as possible and if you add a case to the iPad you counteract some of that design. Like anything deciding to use or not use a case has its benefits and compromises. I've told you what seems to work well for me, now it's your turn. Post a comment me below and tell me your thoughts on using a case or going caseless, I would really love to hear what other people are doing!


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Double upper house close to Van Hoytemaplein (The Hague)
Light and beautiful double upper house with living room, dining room, kitchen, 3 bedrooms, 1 bathroom, 2 toilets and balconies in both floors.
Excellent location close to the Van Hoytemaplein with its shops, parks, close to several international companies. Easy access to motorways and the City Center.
Lay out:
Entrance at the ground floor, stairs to the first floor.
1st floor: large hall (appr.4.28 x 2.50), spacious living room at the front (4.51 x 4.10), separate dining room (4.60 x 3.40) at the back, modern kitchen (3.47 x 1.78) with all appliances and access to the balcony, toilet and utility room.
2nd floor: large landing, spacious master bedroom at the back (appr.4.53 x 5.26), access to balcony on SE, 2nd bedroom (4.20 x 2.76), 3rd bedroom (4.20 x 2.76), bathroom with bath and separate shower.
The whole house has wooden parquet.
Price: €1.500 per month
Available: 2nd January Protected content


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A guide to the new auditor reporting requirements
Auditor's reports around the world are being fundamentally changed to provide more information and transparency to all stakeholders. Such expanded disclosures is a positive change meant to improve the dialogue, and consequently trust, between companies and shareholders.
In Singapore, the new reporting requirements take effect for annual periods ending on or after 15 December 2016. Among the key changes is the requirement for auditors to identify and report on Key Audit Matters (KAMs) in the audit report. KAMs are matters that require significant attention when performing the audit. They could include issues like choice of accounting policies and significant weaknesses in internal controls that have a material impact on the financial statement.
KPMG has been one of the leaders in the change in auditor reporting requirements, being an early adopter of the new requirements in Singapore, Hong Kong, Australia and the UK. Based on our experience, we have identified several key elements for a successful implementation of the new requirements. They include:
The next step is a critical one for audit committees, management and investors. Find out more about what you can do now to prepare for the way ahead.
Request for proposal


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Prenatal Yoga w/ Janine Mason
Mondays 5:30- 6:45
*Special* $12 drop in or $30 for 3 punch pass (cash or check)
Prenatal yoga blends body, breath, mind and heart work in a safe space with like-minded mamas. We will tune in to and stretch out the body while deepening the breath and opening our hearts. Expect to gain body awareness and strength as well knowledge about pregnancy, labor, birth and postpartum care. All are welcome and no yoga experience is necessary.


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'Hedwig and the Angry Inch'
'Hedwig': Inappropriate Scaffolding
May. 20, 2014 | 6:16
Part 5: The star and creators of "Hedwig and the Angry Inch" reflect on the challenge of adapting the former club show for the Broadway stage.
PlaylistUp Next in 'Hedwig and the Angry Inch'
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Hague, J. P.; Kornilovitch, P. E.; Samson, J. H. and Alexandrov, A. S.
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Recent angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has identified that a finite-range Fröhlich electron–phonon interaction (EPI) with c-axis polarized optical phonons is important in cuprate superconductors, in agreement with an earlier proposal by Alexandrov and Kornilovitch. The estimated unscreened EPI is so strong that it could easily transform doped holes into mobile lattice bipolarons in narrow-band Mott insulators such as cuprates. Applying a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm (CTQMC), we compute the total energy, effective mass, pair radius, number of phonons and isotope exponent of lattice bipolarons in the region of parameters where any approximation might fail, taking into account the Coulomb repulsion and the finite-range EPI. The effects of modifying the interaction range and different lattice geometries are discussed with regards to analytical strong-coupling/non-adiabatic results. We demonstrate that bipolarons can be simultaneously small and light, provided suitable conditions on the electron–phonon and electron–electron interactions are satisfied. Such light small bipolarons are a necessary precursor to high-temperature Bose–Einstein condensation in solids. The light bipolaron mass is shown to be universal in systems made of triangular plaquettes, due to a novel crab-like motion. Another surprising result is that the triplet–singlet exchange energy is of the first order in the hopping integral and that triplet bipolarons are much heavier than singlets in certain lattice structures. Finally, we identify a range of lattices where superlight small bipolarons may be formed, and give estimates for their masses in the anti-adiabatic approximation.
|Item Type:
|Journal Item
|Copyright Holders:
|2007 IOP Publishing Ltd
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|27 pp.
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|Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM) > Physical Sciences
Faculty of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (STEM)
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|James Hague
|Date Deposited:
|13 May 2009 14:47
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|10 Dec 2018 18:45
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Colorblock Dress
I wanted to make a twist on the little black dress. I feel right in between sizes and went down because I wanted it to be more fitted. That combined with a really slinky knit made it a bit more fitted than I may have bargained for, but it would be great with a more stable knit! Overall really happy with how it went together and the shaping.Read More On Rachel's Blog
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I'm writing this as I'm on the train home from Ipswich with Rudey nestled beside me in her travel box, with her two toys, Owly and Brian.
I've had a phone call from my land lady to say that there's been a water leak and that my flat might be flooded but she's unsure because she's in Ibiza, naturally.
Despite the fact my cat, Rudey, sleeps most of the journey, forcing her to make twice monthly trips on the train literally makes me feel like my organs are about to tumble out of my mouth. I get such bad parent guilt that I fear I might not ever be able to have human babies without crying myself into a swollen soppy mess every time they're unhappy.
My boyfriend and I have been travelling between London and Ipswich for the past year, with only a handful of the past 52 weekends spent apart. There's no denying we've both sacrificed a lot to make it work – my friendships have taken a hefty battering, Rudey's cat life has been disrupted, and my Sunday night blues are about 635373 times harder than they ever used to be.
This post isn't about the struggles of a long-distance relationship, it's about the fact that me and Chris don't actually have an anniversary. Uh huh, no anniversary. No additional excuse for presents.
It's different when you're your younger, you just count the days since your boyfriend's friend asked if you'd go out with them whilst they lurked about 20 metres away.
Back when you were boyfriend and girlfriend before you'd even met outside if school or even kissed. But now, now you have he date you met, the date you first kissed, the date you first slept together, the date of your first date, the date you decided you wouldn't get with anyone else and the date, if there even was one, when you defined the relationship as boyfriend and girlfriend.
Which one do you choose?
Ideally I'd have all of them as an opportunity to be showered in red wine, flowers and good food, but you've got to be realistic.
And what if you were seeing each other for months and months and months before you both decide to label it?
What if to everyone else you are a couple, but you're not a couple that's officially discussed you're a couple.
The dating world is plagued with so many more tribulations than the world of courting that our parents and grandparents adhered to.
I want to know what you guys think. When you think me and Christopher should settle down to celebrate our love with a baked Camembert, bottle of Argentine Malbec and a supersize bouquet of flowers (this is a hint, please take note).
We don't need an anniversary to appreciate each other, but sometimes it's just nice to just have an excuse to celebrate and eat food and drink alcohol like its actually Christmas.


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This show is pretty great.
Here, Roth Cornet and Drew McWeeny chat about the CW"s second season of "The Flash" and Drew confesses that he was completely wrong about the series.
Take a look in the player above or below and let us know what you think here or on Twitter:
Drew: @DrewAtHitfix
Roth: @RothCornet


text: Survey indicates 66 percent of British smartphone users from 16 to 24 years old use it daily. The results of a new poll by tyntec, a smartphone interaction specialist firm, has determined that 66 percent of these devices users in the U.K., aged 16 through 24, use their Twitter, Facebook, and other mobile social media accounts at least daily, compared to only 37 percent of Americans within the same age group. This study included the participation of 2,000 Millennial smartphone users in the U.S. and the U.K. It also indicated…Read More


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Call our experts for help with sizing: 800.588.9296
Fast & Free U.S. Shipping | 1 Year Warranty
FAQ's for Hospital Cubicle Curtains and Simply 66® Snap Curtains:
Q: When purchasing privacy curtains and Simply 66® snap cubicle curtains, does the curtain track come with my order?
A: Hospital curtain track is not included in the price of your privacy curtain or Simply 66® snap cubicle curtain order. However, cubicle curtain track is available for purchase, and comes with everything you need to install with your cubicle curtains and Simply 66® snap cubicle curtains. We do not provide screws, as ceiling types vary significantly.
Q: Are all polyester cubicle curtains or Simply 66® snap cubicle curtain fabrics fire-retardant?
A: All of Cubicle Curtain Factory's privacy curtains and Simply 66® snap curtains meet all local, state and federal fire codes, and are intrinsically fire-retardant for the life of the fabric. This means that the flame resistant properties cannot be washed out, worn out or removed from the privacy curtains or Simply 66® snap cubicle curtains. Not all cubicle curtain polyester fabrics comply with the required NFPA 701 fire code.
Q: What is the product warranty when we buy Cubicle Curtain Factory privacy curtains, Simply 66® snap cubicle curtains and/or cubicle curtain track hardware?
A: Cubicle Curtain Factory has a one-year warranty on all cubicle curtain and track products and Simply 66® snap cubicle curtains. This covers the quality of materials and workmanship in all of our hospital curtains.
Q: How long will it take for me to receive my privacy curtains or Simply 66® snap cubicle curtain order?
A: When ordering cubicle curtains and/or Simply 66 snap cubicle curtains, lead time depends on the fabric you choose. We have a wide selection of in-stock hospital cubicle curtain fabrics. These in-stock cubicle curtains and Simply 66® snap cubicle curtain patterns normally ship within 1-2 weeks with receipt of order. Orders for privacy curtain track normally ship out in 48 hours. Once we receive a quotation request from you for cubicle curtains or Simply 66® snap hospital curtains, we will notify you of the approximate lead time for delivery of your cubicle curtain or Simply 66® snap privacy curtain order. Rush orders are also accepted, however the lead time depends on our production schedule.
Q: When ordering cubicle curtains, does the curtain track or any hardware come included?
A: Not automatically. Cubicle curtain track is ordered in addition to cubicle curtains, however when you do order cubicle track kits from CCF, all components (hardware such as carrier hooks, connectors/splices, end gates and stops) are included in the price per foot. Because ceiling types vary greatly, we do not provide screws with your hospital curtain track or hardware purchase. Visit our privacy curtain track page for more information, or call us at 800.588.9296.
Q: Can CCF install my hospital curtains and cubicle track?
A: Yes. Cubicle Curtain Factory offers cubicle curtain installation and hospital track installation services throughout the USA. Just let us know you would like a quote for installation services along with your quote for medical curtains and cubicle track.
Q: How soon can I get my order?
A: The average lead time for cubical curtain track and hardware to ship is 48 business hours from receipt of order. Orders for privacy curtains have an average manufacturing time of 1-2 weeks, however it depends on our production schedule. If the cubicle curtain fabric is in stock at our facility, your order will ship within that average time. Ask one of our sales reps to provide you with fabric options if you need your cubicle curtains in a hurry. Please keep in mind, most in-stock fabrics are solid patterns, and designer patterns may have to be ordered from the fabric mill. In this case, the lead time depends on the availability from the fabric mill, which we have no control over. We do, however, have control once we receive the cubicle curtain fabric, and that's when our average lead time applies to manufacture your hospital curtains, unless otherwise noted on your estimate. We also accept rush orders - please notify your sales rep if you need your order rush shipped or manufactured. Additional charges may apply.
View additional questions and answers about our cubicle curtains and track.


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Welcome to NaiAsa Institute
We are an International Institute for Somatic Education, Coaching & Healing Arts (IISECHA).
Embodying new paradigms of transformation rooted in sacred feminine awakening . . . . and science.
Many people struggle to find a place for themselves in a world where competition, indifference, domination, aggression, and ego are the expected norms in order to succeed.
They feel that gentleness, empathy, sensitivity, feelings, and intuition need to be suppressed in order to "win the game."
Have you ever felt that way? If so, then . . . . we know exactly where you're coming from.
This rigid, disconnected way of being pervades EVERYTHING we do.
And . . . . it doesn't have to be this way.
Scroll down to learn how.
NaiAsa Institute has been birthed in response to the dire need for new paradigms of education and training that are based in HARMONY of yin and yang universal principles for personal and organizational transformation. Our programs weave scientific knowledge, indigenous wisdom, and somatic (mindful movement) arts in service to the greater awakening of the Divine Mother consciousness.
This is happening all over the world.
If you're a woman ready to awaken to the power of your sacred feminine essence, wisdom, and soul purpose, it's no accident you're here. If you're on a healing journey, we can help you release trauma, rewire and restore your nervous system, and reclaim the precious BLISS, that is your birthright. Scroll down to the bottom of this page to choose your flow.
(Men, parents, and children . . . . stay tuned . . . . we've got big plans shaping up for you.)
Thanks for visiting and welcome back, friend.
Aloha and Namaste,
Jinju Dasalla, Ph.D


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Hot Stone Massage
Melt away tension, ease your muscle stiffness and increase circulation and metabolism.
Therapeutic pain relieving massage with 10 minutes redlight therapy session.
Manage pain with a pain relieving therapeutic balm, cypress oil and red-light therapy. This gets to the root of the pain by relaxing tense muscles, increasing flexibility and healing inner muscle chronic pains.
AromaTherapy uses fragrant oils extracted from herbs, flowers and fruits to naturally enhance the benefits of massage.
Integrated stress burster
Recieve a hotstone, an aromatherapy and a therapeutic massage all in one massage to totally relax and revitalize your body.
Candle wax soothing relaxing massage with body scrub
Cleanse your skin with a body scrub session. Steam it off to deeply cleanse your skin and receive a holistic full body massage with our heavenly scented candles.
The Signature Swedish Massage
Warm up your muscle tissue, release tension and gradually break up muscle "knots".
Deep Tissue/Sports
A more focused type of massage, as the therapist works to release chronic muscle tension or knots. Same movements as the Signature Swedish Massage but with more pressure.
Prenatal energizing
For expecting mothers, we use local herbs to help you find relief in all general sore spots as well as your special attention spots.
Cupping Message
Plastic Cups are applied to the skin and the pressure in the cup is reduced suction in order to draw and hold skin and superficial muscles inside the cup. Its good for removing toxins.
Stress Escape
This is what we call quick fix when you're stuck at your desk or in the middle of things with a mind block, or a migraine. This is a 30minutes session for quick relief of tension, stress and fatigue.
Reflexology foot massage
We have mastered a natural healing art of simply applying the right pressure on special spots of your feet to guarantee you: relief from tension, improved blood circulation among others
Fertility massage
This massage has been misunderstood to be a totally feminine but we all know it that both gal and boy have a reproductive system. The same benefits cut across both sexes in a related manner. balance your hormones, and get all the other miraculous advantages of this very important massage.
Breast Massage
This is a crucial therapy that will keep breast cancer and all its known effects in the furthest.
Chinese pressure point massage
Pressure point massage is used on the whole body along body pressure points to balance energy through out the body. Helps to eliminate toxins, relax the body and stimulate the healthy functions of internal organs


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Originally submitted by Jari Kaivo-oja
last updated by Maurizio Sajeva
Wild Card's progress: fully-fledged
The source of this Wild Card:
Scientific American. December 2010. 10 World Changing Ideas.
Likelihood timeframe and scenario features :
Wild Card's description
It is going to be possible to change our waste management by modified microbes which eat waste and "secrete" fuel. Our future may be changed by genetically modified fuel factories, which are fed with the sun energy.


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I received this audiobook from AudioBookWorm for the purpose of this review. All comments and opinions are entirely my own.
*See the tour extras at the end of this post!
About the Series:
Lizzie Davenport has been reincarnated from 1815, England… but she doesn't realize it until she meets her soul mate from the past and he triggers her memories to gradually return.
The series began with Remembrance, was followed by the short story Vengeance, and concluded with Timeless. The series has sold a significant number of copies, and has received much praise from reviewers. Read all three parts together in this special box set!
About Vengeance (book 1.5):
How far would you go to get revenge?
When Chelsea Givens discovered that her ex-boyfriend Drew dumped her to be with her former best friend Lizzie, she'd never felt so betrayed in her life. Then her new friend Shannon tells her she can help set things right. Chelsea's willing to listen, but what Shannon wants her to believe – that she shared a past life with Drew – is impossible. And what she wants her to do to get him back … well, it's downright crazy.
Could Shannon be telling the truth? And if she is, what lengths will Chelsea go if it means making Lizzie pay?
Because this is book 1.5 in the Transcended Time Saga, this review will be very similar to the review for Remembrance (book 1).
I actually enjoyed listening to the story from Chelsea's point of view, though I couldn't stand her as a character. Listening to the story as her, created a new feeling that made this book different from the first, even though it features the same characters. I really liked that touch.
The "extra content" was very much the same as the first book, the romance being just a little higher than I remember in Remembrance.
I give Vengeance 4 out of 5 stars and will return November 6th with the review for the 2nd and final book in the Transcended Time Saga!
About the Author: Michelle Madow
Michelle Madow is a USA Today bestselling author of fast paced fantasy novels that will leave you turning the pages wanting more!
She grew up in Maryland and now lives in Florida. Some of her favorite things are: reading, traveling, pizza, time travel, Broadway musicals, and spending time with friends and family. Someday, she hopes to travel the world for a year on a cruise ship.
About the Narrator: Andrea Emmes
Audible Best Selling Narrator, Andrea Emmes was born in Hollywood, FL and grew up in both Tennessee and Rhode Island, started her career in musical theater. Cutting her teeth at The Trinity Arts Center in Rhode Island, Andrea eventually made her way to Orlando and began her eclectic career singing/dancing in various shows at Walt Disney World, Universal Studios, Pirates' Dinner Adventure, performing as a magician's assistant, headlining on the Las Vegas Strip and touring Los Angeles as an L.A. Award winning artist with her album, "I'm On My Way".
Having worked in tv, film and video games, Andrea, a total Book Nerd, now enjoys narrating audiobooks at her home studio in San Jose, California.
Her wide range of character voices and dynamic/emotionally invested performances has reviewers and listeners alike commenting on how she effortlessly pulls listeners in, and has versatility and charisma.
Other Book Stops for Vengeance:
Oct. 29th:
The Audiobookworm
Haddie's Haven
Lisa Loves Literature
Lilly's Book World
Jazzy Book Reviews
Oct. 30th:
The Writing Train
Chapter Break
Here's to Happy Endings
The Book Junkie Reads . . .
Hall Ways Blog
Oct. 31st:
The Book Addict's Reviews
Literature Approved
Ginger Mom & the Kindle Quest
My Creatively Random Life


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I want to thank Rhonda at SCRAP HAPPENS for being so sweet and giving me this award. It does makes me happy and appreciative to see someone has taken time out and awarded me.
The rules state list seven things about yourself, thank the person who sent award and send to 15 other bloggers.
Seven things about me
1. My family is number one - I love being a wife and mother (although both can be tough at times)!
2. I love coffee, coffee, and did I say coffee!
3. My best time for crafting is at night (insomniac I am...LOL).
4. I am a full time employee and college student.
5. My favorite TV shows are: NCIS, NCIS Los Angeles, Criminal Minds, The Vampire Dairies and Ghost Whisper (even though it's over).
6. Completely
7. I enjoy blogging and love this little world and all the wonderful, amazing and talented people I am getting to know!
Now for the fifteen I have chosen for this award are in no particular order.
But please do make sure you give them a visit.
1. Terry's Work In Progress
2. Jane's Craft
3. Crafty Goodies
4. Scrap Vamp
5. Vampire Craftin
6. Stacey's Moments
7. Serenity Scrappers
8. Pink Blink Crafter
9. Linda's Crafty Creations
10. Karens Kakes Krafts
11. A Gypsy Angel
12. Carso's Creations
13. Leaflizard
14. The Altered Inker
15. Crafty Twilight Mom
Until next time - happy scrappin'! ~ Carol


text: I hate contributing to a flame war. So, let me try to put some water on it. I think the development team is extremely busy dealing with all the bugs prior to the release. I would hate to be caught up with a nasty bug some day and try find a workaround. Ease of installation with MSI, I think we can all wait until later, when these guys have time. It's not a must have, right? Even a programming dope like me can write something pretty interesting with current zero impact installation, than it should be a minor issue for vast majority of you guys. I would rather see less buggier IP and then a good IDE. MSI comes in as very distant third in my wish list. I really think MS should spend some more on OTHER (than IP team) resources to integrate IP better integrated into VS 2005 (I hope I am not starting a flame war again). After all, this is only way for MS to re-coupe the huge? salaries and stock options paid to IP team. I already regret spending money to upgrade to VS2005, after looking at the current state of integration. I believe/hope that I will be changing my mind in the future as this matures. "Keith J. Farmer" <kfarmer at thuban.org> wrote: I hate to say it, but the last time I was dealing with CPython was around 2.2 or 2.3. C# happens :) ________________________________ From: users-bounces at lists.ironpython.com on behalf of Sanghyeon Seo Sent: Wed 8/30/2006 5:31 PM 2006/8/31, Keith J. Farmer : > Even for CPython, I prefer MSI -- which is why ActiveState won out in the > CPython-for-Keith swimsuit competition. Starting with CPython 2.4, official Python release for Windows is distributed as MSI too. _______________________________________________ users mailing list users at lists.ironpython.com http://lists.ironpython.com/listinfo.cgi/users-ironpython.com __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com -------------- next part -------------- An HTML attachment was scrubbed... URL: <http://mail.python.org/pipermail/ironpython-users/attachments/20060830/373bdd8c/attachment.html>


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Click & Collect Personal Shopper
- Employer
- Real Canadian Superstore
- Location
- Cranbrook BC
- Salary
- To be determined
- Posted
- November 3, 2018
- Closes
- December 3, 2018
- Ref
- 1032635
- Sector
- Retail In-Store
- Function
- Retail Sales
- Contract Type
- Permanent
- Hours
- Part Time
Loblaw, Canada's #1 grocery retailer, has openings for hard working, energetic and reliable people just like you.
With a network of over 1,000 stores and 135,000 colleagues, Loblaw provides Canadians with a wide range of quality products and services, while maintaining a commitment to being socially responsible, making a positive difference in our community - and being a great place to work.
We are looking for people who are passionate and enthusiastic about serving customers. You must be available to work varying shifts, including weekends.
Loblaw offers part-time benefits, 10% Colleague Discount, Employee Share Ownership Program, Training, Opportunities for Growth and more!
Apply online today at www.loblaw.ca/careers
To meet us in person please come and see us live on site at The Black Press Extreme Education & Career Fair Thursday, November 15th, 2018 from 11:00 a.m. - 4:00 p.m. at the Ktunaxa Council, 220 Cranbrook Rd. N., Cranbrook, BC