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Comedy duo David Baddiel and Frank Skinner's 1990s football song Three Lions has topped the iTunes chart following England's victory over Colombia in the World Cup.
The original version of the pair's collaboration with band The Lightning Seeds from 1996 is ahead of Shotgun by singer-songwriter George Ezra and electronic group Clean Bandit's hit Solo.
The tune's 1998 reworking, which coincided with that year's World Cup in France, has also entered the top 10.
The charts are based on online sales on the store of Apple's media player and library.
Baddiel, 54, reacted to the news by retweeting a screenshot of the chart, and writing: "Blimey. Again."
The song's chorus has become a favourite chant of England fans at every major international football championship the team has taken part in since 1996.
Baddiel and Skinner, who previously presented comedy sports programme Fantasy Football League together, were among the famous faces to celebrate England's last-16 win on penalties over the South American country.
After England advanced to the quarter-final stage Baddiel tweeted a photo of himself and Skinner sitting on a sofa with their arms aloft.
The photo was accompanied by a caption that referenced the lyrics of Three Lions. It read: "It's just about still coming home."
The Lighting Seeds frontman Ian Broudie has also been reacting to the song's rejuvenated popularity.
Broudie retweeted TV news footage of England fans celebrating and signing the song in the streets after the game.
In a subsequent post accompanied by a still of himself, Baddiel and Skinner from the Three Lions '98 music video, Broudie wrote: "Am I dreaming or did England win on penalties last night?
"Were people singing our song in the streets all over the country? Yes we did and yes they were! (trophy emoji, praying hands emoji)."
Both releases of Three Lions topped the singles chart in 1996 and in 1998.
The song is one of only three songs to hit number one in the UK twice with different lyrics. The others are Mambo No. 5 (Lou Bega and Bob The Builder) and Do They Know Its Christmas? (Band Aid and Band Aid 30).


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Interesting game. I included it in a compilation video series of all of the One Button Jam games, if you'd like to take a look! :)
Play gameElements's itch.io page
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First you hold the button, until you are at the element you want to choose. Then you can add more power to your attack, when you select the element again or you can select the element at the left or right to change the position. Whan you click you release the element and attack the monster.
Example: A Fire-Monster spawn in the direction of metal. Then you can summon water or metal to attack, but earth would be stronger again fire, because wood is strong again water, water again metal, metal again earth, earth again fire and fire again wood. Be careful not to summon wood, because this is weak again fire and maybe heal the monster. Now you have summoned Earth, you must select metal to get the earth to the right place. Now you can click to release the element and attack the monster.
When you was to slow, the monster get closer to you or change the position.
I like the concept and the mechanics are interesting, but the game is confusing and I can't really understand what I'm doing. Maybe add a tutorial with examples?

subset: commoncrawl


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This page is not available in English and displayed in German instead.
Bachelor (six semesters incl. practical phase)
The following programmes for undergraduate study are offered:
Business & Social Sciences
Mathematics & Technology
- Biomathematics(B.Sc.)
- Business Mathematics(B.Sc.)
- Technomathematics(B.Sc.)
- Medical Engineering(B.Sc.)
- Sports Medical Engineering(B.Sc.)
- Optics and Laser Engineering(B.Sc.)
Master (four semesters)
The following programmes for graduate study are available:
Business and Social Science
- Business Studies with a focus on Health & Social Services Management, Logistics & E-Business or Sports Management (M.A.)
- MBA (Distance learning course)Financial Risk Management, Marketing Management, Leadership, Logistics Management, Production Management, Sports Management, Leadership and Financial Management.
Mathematics and Technology
- Applied Mathematics(M.Sc.)
All degree courses cover intersections between different academic disciplines and areas of practical work. All the B.A., B.Sc., M.A., M.Sc. and MBA programmes have been accredited by AQAS, an internationally recognised accreditation agency.
They combine broad basic training with moderate specialisation and aim to develop social competence and to support personal growth.


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Monkey Porn!?/
"Monkeys are willing to 'pay' to check out pictures of other macaques' asses. Researchers at Duke University gave male rhesus macaques the choice of juice of a half-second glimpse of a picture of a female's rear or an image of a socially-dominant monkey."
(thanks Boing Boing! Original article at Current Biology)


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May 22, 2012
Who Is Brett Kimberlin? (Updated)
Why, a convicted terrorist! Who just happens to enjoy stalking right wing bloggers too. Why this clown isn't still in prison is beyond me, but I'm happy knowing that he served enough time to have his asshole stretched 16 ways to Sunday.
Update: Oh, and Brett? I'll save you the trouble. My real name is Yousef al-Khattab.
Update by Stable Hand: Via Michelle Malkin - Free speech blogburst: Show solidarity for targeted conservative bloggers
Via Hot Air: Free speech moment: Standing with Stacy McCain, Patterico, Liberty Chick, and Aaron Walker
And many, many more.


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Centre's responsibility to take care of all: Azam Khan
| Updated: Aug 23, 2017 11:20 IST
Rampur (Uttar Pradesh), April 22 (ANI): Samajwadi Party leader Azam Khan on Saturday said that it is the government responsiblity to take care of all citizens irrespective of the faiths they practiced. Azam told ANI, "Ideology and the Constitution are two different things. Those who are stick to the BJP ideology vote for them, those who are anti-BJP, vote for the opposition, but, it is the government's responsibility to extend their support to each and every individual." Responding to the Union Minister Ravi Shankar Prasad's statement of the government giving Muslims 'proper sanctity', Azam Khan said, "Who all have not voted for BJP, our government is not ready to take them as Hindu, then why would they take Muslims as Muslims." On Friday, Ravi Shankar Prasad addressing a Hero Mindmine Summit said, "We have got thirteen chief ministers of our own. Have we witnessed any Muslim gentleman working in the industry or service? We don't get Muslim votes. I acknowledged very clearly, but have we given them proper sanctity or not?" Taking on the Left and elements in the media attacking Prime Minister Narendra Modi, Prasad extended them his best wishes. "We have a problem with some of our friends. Mostly, the Leftist friends and journalists who entertain a pathological hatred of Narendra Modi. Good luck to them," Prasad quipped. The Union Minister went ahead to state that Left is "left out" all over the world and has also faced defeat in India. "They are left out in Bengal, are surviving in Kerala and Tripura, but the Left has got a very good campus in Delhi, which is the JNU (Jawaharlal Nehru University) and I always say the Left also needs some consolation prize. So, JNU is their consolation prize, we don't mind that," Prasad said. (ANI)


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Abbott's plan to tame the West passes Texas gun group's test
Subscribe to McClatchy's Beyond the Bubble show on iTunes here or Stitcher.
In a single sweeping proposal, Republican Gov. Greg Abbott is breathing life into gun violence prevention measures local advocates say they've struggled for years to promote.
While the plan doesn't address gun safety groups' top priority of universal background checks, Ed Scruggs, a leader of the gun safety group Texas Gun Sense, said the governor's proposals are upending a decades-long focus on expanding gun rights in a gun-friendly state — not keeping guns away from criminals.
"When it comes to gun violence prevention, on a scale of one to 10… we were probably about a negative 12," Scruggs told McClatchy's Beyond the Bubble podcast. "Now, we're about an eight."
Other gun safety groups are less optimistic about Abbott's proposal, which the governor assembled in response to a deadly shooting at Santa Fe High School in Texas last month.
Texas Gun Sense was the only gun safety group invited to provide input, marking the first time any gun safety group has met with the state's sitting governor since Democrat Ann Richards held office more than 20 years ago.
"Abbott's plan doesn't go far enough because it doesn't touch the issue of background checks," said Scruggs. "That being said, some of his other proposals are actually very good proposals, that will make a difference."
Abbott is asking lawmakers in Austin to draft legislation that would take guns from people deemed at high risk of committing a violent crime. He also suggested heightening penalties on people whose improperly stored gun caused injuries to others, and requiring gun owners to reporting stolen firearms.
"That's something we have worked on for several legislative sessions," Scruggs said of the reporting requirement. "You would think that would be a common sense minor initiative, but because of the polarization on the issue, we couldn't get any movement on it."
Scruggs' group formed more than a decade ago to work with lawmakers in Austin on solutions both parties can support. After three legislative cycles, its leaders were still celebrating the mere introduction of gun safety bills — even if they were never discussed on the floor.
"Guns are part of the fabric of society in Texas, they're everywhere," said Scruggs. "The governor's proposals represent progress on a certain level, and people need to understand that's a big deal."
(Check out last week's BtB episode: May's biggest lies)
Abbott's proposal also includes gun safety ideas pitched directly by the gun lobby. It recommends Texas award a $1 million grant to a gun storage education program launched by the National Shooting Sports Foundation, a trade industry representing firearm manufactures.
NSSF Vice President Larry Keane told BtB Abbott's proposals are not without political risk.
His group, based in Newtown, Conn., championed an effort to strengthen the national background check system after the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting took place there in 2012.
"The NSSF itself was criticized," Keane said of that decision. "[But] there's more than unites us than divides us… if people would step away from the overheated rhetoric and have an honest and thoughtful discussion."
Keane said the industry has not embraced gun safety groups' biggest priority, universal background checks, because it places a time-consuming burden on gun sellers.
Even in Texas, however, a Quinnipiac Poll conducted in May suggested there's little public dissent about whether gun buyers should have to undergo background checks.
In Texas, said Scruggs, "You can contact someone on Craigslist, meet them at the Walmart parking lot and buy an AR-15 out of the trunk for cash with no [identification], and that is completely legal here."
"We just feel that's just unacceptable, and polls show that the overwhelming majority of people do [too]," said Scruggs.


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There are plenty of reasons to not invite a child to a birthday party, I know. For example, if you're hosting it at a trampoline park or a tae kwon do studio or a nail salon, there are head count limitations. Or maybe the last time you invited a specific child over, he set your cat's tail on fire. There are a bevy of reasons, really.
But, if I may be so bold, if you're thinking about not inviting my child to your child's birthday party because of her allergies, please reconsider.
As a seasoned allergy parent, I know the drill. When there's a birthday party, there is pizza. There are cupcakes. There is enough soda and juice boxes to fuel the energy of two dozen small humans. And my kids? Combined, they have seven food allergies — down from ten! — which is kind of a lot.
When a party invitation comes in, we're prepared. We make a safe-for-them pizza with safe-for-them cheese and safe-for-them cupcakes. We pack a bag with wipes and paper towels, and we are ready to party.
You don't have to do anything special for my children. I get it. Parties are stressful without even considering dietary needs. Don't worry about that — I'll handle it. I'd say most allergy parents will happily struggle with a bag of shredded vegan cheese and throw together some nut-free brownies if that means my our kids get to feel included.
I've had a couple friends go above and beyond — like ask me for my recipe for cupcakes and then SERVE those at her son's birthday party — but that really, really isn't necessary. (PS. If you find friends like that, never let them go. Bribe them if you have to.)
A couple of hot tips for allergy parents, while we're here:
+ Cupcakes freeze well. We bake them in batches, pop them in the freezer, and the day of a party, stick them out on the counter to defrost.
+ Bring a big pack of wipes and leave them on the table. You'll find that kids and parents start reaching for them at the end of the pizza fest, mitigating any risk of cross-contamination.
+ Assure the party host that BYOT is NBD (that's "bringing your own treats is no big deal," for the acronym-impaired), but ask what kind of activities they're going to be doing. For example, if it's playing with Play-Doh and your child has a wheat allergy, bring your own gluten-free clay.
+ Never leave home without emergency meds.
Thanks for being so understanding, fellow parent. We're great party-goers, and we buy the best gifts. And by best gifts, I mean $20 worth of toys I bought online in Target wrapping paper.


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Yesterday, Friday march 26, My girlfriend Yvette en I got married! We kept it small and went with just the family (and a photographer) to city hall.
It was a nice ceremony. The woman officiating the ceremony had been to our house in order to prepare and she had turned all the information she had gotten into a moving story. After that we both said 'I do' and exchanged our rings. So that officially makes us husband and wife!
Today we received a very nice and very large bouquet of flours from my co-workers. Thanks everybody!


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Why go to the Caribbean? For Australians, it is easy to picture yourself lying by the beach with a cocktail in hand, because of the abundance of beautiful island destinations in and around Australia. However, the Caribbean is continuing to be a fast-growing destination[…]Read more
Tag: air new zealand
Downtown Los Angeles
If you're looking for a short getaway to Los Angeles, perhaps as part of a stopover for a larger trip to the USA and Canada, then why not try staying in downtown LA? You might be surprised at how much you end up enjoying it![…]Read more


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Maplandia.com in partnership with Booking.com offers highly competitive rates for all types of hotels in Kampung Dengkil, from affordable family hotels to the most luxurious ones. Booking.com, being established in 1996, is longtime Europe's leader in online hotel reservations. See the overview of Kampung Dengkil hotels in the following section.
At Maplandia.com you won't be charged any booking fees, cancellation fees (see particular hotel policies), or administration fees – the reservation service is free of charge. The reservation system is secure and your personal information and credit card is encrypted.
We have put together also a carefully selected list of recommended hotels in Kampung Dengkil, only hotels with the highest level of guest satisfaction are included. Many photos and unbiased hotel reviews written by real guests are provided to help you make your booking decision. Luxury hotels (including 5 star hotels and 4 star hotels) and cheap Kampung Dengkil hotels (with best discount rates and up-to-date hotel deals) are both available in separate lists.
With Maplandia.com and Booking.com the best price is guaranteed! Kampung Dengkil hotel deals include also long stay accommodation Kampung Dengkil offers. Take advantage of our exclusive offers and long stay discounts for selected Kampung Dengkil hotels' suites.
Unbiased Kampung Dengkil hotel reviews written by real guests and many hotel photos are provided to help you make your booking decision.
Kampung Dengkil is located in Selangor, Malaysia.
List of all hotels in Kampung Dengkil. By default, Kampung Dengkil hotels are sorted by class: the most luxurious hotels in Kampung Dengkil are listed first. You can change the sorting order using the navigation bar above. By clicking the first (leftmost) button you can interchange the direction of sorting between ascending/descending.
There are separate sections devoted to Kampung Dengkil luxury hotels and Kampung Dengkil cheap hotels.
Hotel Foong Inn provides simple, air-conditioned rooms with private bathroom facilities in Putrajaya. It offers free Wi-Fi in the entire property and the convenience of a 24-hour front desk. Number of rooms: 27.
You can expect much luxury of the Pullman Lakeside, on 4 acres of landscaped gardens at the Putrajaya Lake is. It offers free parking and a shuttle, and offers a first class spa and various water sports.
The luxurious Cyberview Lodge Resort & Spa is located in Cyberjaya, 900 meters from the transit station in Putrajaya. It offers 3-scale swimming pools, a fully equipped wellness center and free internet access.
Bary The Inn offers a complimentary shuttle to and from Kuala Lumpur International Airport or the terminal of the low-cost airlines (low cost carrier terminal). The cheap rooms are equipped with air conditioning.
Modern and welcoming, the Putrajaya Shangri-La in Malaysia is a boutique hotel located in the center of a garden and offers luxurious accommodation with personal service.
Empress Hotel Sepang is 10 minutes drive from Kuala Lumpur International Airport and has a fitness center and an outdoor pool. It offers free wireless internet access and private parking.
With a location at once romantic and strategically, this hotel is set on a hill in the commercial district of Sepang, and has a panoramic view of the campaign.
Special promotion of motorcycling championship, with a minimum stay of 3 nights. Valid from 13 to Oct. 20, 2008. International Airport Concorde Inn Kuala Lumpur is located at the perimeter of 10.
The Nilai Springs Resort Hotel is 15 minutes drive from the International Circuit of Sepang F1 and offers many recreational activities. It has a spa, an outdoor swimming pool and three restaurants.
The Palm Garden Hotel is situated on the edge of Putrajaya, offers rooms with satellite TV. An Olympic-sized pool, a spa and five dining facilities as well as an open round the clock café are among the other facilities ...
We search over 500 approved car hire suppliers to find you the very best Kampung Dengkil rental prices available. You can compare offers from leading car hire suppliers like Avis, Europcar, Sixt or Thrifty as well as budget rental deals from Holiday Autos, Budget, Economy, EasyCar, or 121 carhire. Choose Kampung Dengkil car hire supplier according to your preferences. The booking process is secured and is made as simple as possible. You don't have to browse through several websites and compare prices to find cheap car hire at Kampung Dengkil - we will do it for you!
In the following list, car rental offices nearest to Kampung Dengkil are sorted by the approximate distance from thi city centre.
Maplandia.com is not sponsored by or affiliated with Google.


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I am happy to look back at the work we started over 10 years ago - a small group of us - design professionals, academics, construction folks and government policy wonks interested in sustainable design and green buildings began to organize in the hope of creating a larger community and transforming the marketplace for the betterment of design, of our environment, our planet and our future as a species on this precious place we call earth, our home. Never doubt the ability of an individual, or a small group of people who are passionate and invested in a cause to make a significant difference in the evolution and change to the status quo.
Well, it's official - the USGBC has announce the 2013 Class of LEED FELLOWS and I'm on it. I'm happy to be included in this year's class and by the looks of things, I am in esteemed company! I am one of fifty one individuals who have been honored for their contributions to the green building industry this year.
What's a LEED FELLOW you may ask?
"The LEED Fellow designates the most exceptional professionals in the green building industry - a highly accomplished class of individuals nominated by their peers and distinguished by the caliber of their contributions."
"The 2013 class of LEED Fellows is an extraordinary group of thought leaders, innovators and green building professionals dedicated to a healthy, sustainable future. Their commitment to LEED is transforming our built environment," said Rick Fedrizzi, president, CEO & founding chair, USGBC. "We are honored to present these highly accomplished individuals with the LEED Fellow designation."
Sign Up for our quarterly (or thereabouts) newsletter. We haven't done one yet, but some day, some day, we will lovingly craft words, images, stories, news and views for your reading pleasure. Or so we shall endeavor. We'll make it worth your while and will try not to be too annoying. That's what OUR BLOG is for.
Tune in here for articles, news, resources, ideas and strategies from some of the best and brightest minds working in the green building and sustainability field. Content and sources will change frequently, so if you see something you like, grab it fast!
Yes, we know we have a CONTACT PAGE elsewhere on our website. But this will save you a click or two if you just need the information and need it fast. Perhaps you can't wait to send us a check or a few sweet project opportunities. Thank you! We truly appreciate it. We ask only that you keep the 3am drunk dialing to a minimum.
2199 W. Pinehurst Ave.
Saint Paul, MN 55116
Copyright . EcoDEEP . 2013 to infinity and beyond


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Appeal as of right
|Order to the Registrar on Access - 22.01.2009
RUTAGANDA George
Rutaganda, whose case had already been decided on appeal, applied for access to confidential material from another case. His request was denied by the relevant Trial Chamber (including the request for reconsideration)[1] and he seized the Appeals Chamber with a request for leave to appeal the Trial Chamber's decision. On 22 January 2009, the Appeals Chamber found that the Applicant was entitled to appeal the Decision of 3 April 2008 (Rutaganda Order on Rule 75 Appeal):[2]
p. 2: CONSIDERING that Rule 75(G) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence of the Tribunal ("Rules") which allows for the possibility of seeking to rescind, vary, or augment protective measures ordered at trial does not provide for an appeal as of right, nor do the Rules address the issue of whether a decision rendered by a Trial Chamber after the close of trial and appeal proceedings is subject to appeal;
CONSIDERING that the Appeals Chamber has previously held that an applicant is entitled to lodge an appeal against a decision rendered by a Trial Chamber, pursuant to Rule 75(G) of the Rules, after the close of trial and appeal proceedings;[3]
FINDING therefore that the Applicant is entitled to appeal the Decision of 3 April 2008
Rule 75 of the Rules was subsequently amended to state that appeals in such cases lie as of right.[4] In light of the fact that the dead-lines established in the new Rule had expired at the time of the motion, the Appeals Chamber established case-specific dead-lines for Rutaganda's appeal ("Rutaganda Decision on Leave to Appeal").[5]
[1] The Prosecutor v. Tharcisse Renzaho, Case No. ICTR-97-31, Decision on Rutaganda's Motion for Reconsideration or Alternatively, Certification to Appeal the Decision of 3 April 2008 on Request for Closed Session Testimony and Sealed Exhibits, 13 November 2008 ("Decision of 13 November 2008").
[2] Georges A.N. Rutaganda v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-3-R, Order to the Registrar Concerning Georges Rutaganda's Access to Documents, 22 January 2009.
[3] Eliézer Niyitegeka v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-14-R75, Decision on Motion for Clarification, 20 June 2008, para. 14. The Appeals Chamber held that issues related to access to confidential material by a convicted person concern the important question of balancing between the right of a convicted person to access potentially exculpatory material and the need to guarantee the protection of victims and witnesses.
[4] The Appeals Chamber subsequently applied this reasoning in another case involving a similar request (Emmanuel Ndindabahizi v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-01-71-R75, Decision on Emmanuel Ndindabahizi's Motion for Leave to File an Appeal against the Trial Chamber's Decision of 13 November 2008 and an Extension of Time, 19 February 2009, p. 4).
[5] Georges Anderson Nderubumwe Rutaganda v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-3-R, Decision on Georges A.N. Rutaganda's Motion for Leave to File an Appeal Against the Trial Chamber's Decision of 3 April 2008 and an Extension of Time, 16 February 2009.
|ICTR Rule Rule 75 ICTY Rule Rule 75
|Consolidated Decision on Jurisdiction - 25.06.2009
KARADŽIĆ Radovan
The Appeals Chamber discussed the evolution of its jurisprudence regarding what types of challenges involve subject matter jurisdiction and thus qualify for appeal as of right.
33. The Appeals Chamber recalls that Karadžić's challenges to the Tribunal's jurisdiction focus on the mode by which liability is attributed to him. As these challenges do not relate to persons, territories, or time periods,[1] the core issue underlying the Appeals is whether they involve subject matter jurisdiction as defined in Rule 72(D)(iv) of the Rules, and thus may be appealed as of right.[2]
34. Karadžić makes extensive reference to certain decisions, such as Rwamakuba,[3] issued by three judge panels under a previous version of Rule 72 of the Rules.[4] Many of the decisions cited by Karadžić lend some support to the view that even relatively granular issues, such as the contours and elements of mode of liability, could be jurisdictional in nature.[5] However, other decisions issued by these three judge panels advanced a narrower view of jurisdiction under Rule 72 of the Rules.[6] In 2005, a revision to the Rules eliminated Rule 72(E) of the Rules and reverted the question of whether an appeal addressed jurisdictional issues to standard panels of five Appeals Judges.[7] Since that revision of the Rules, the Appeals Chamber's jurisprudence has gradually resolved previous uncertainty relating to the issue of which questions qualified as jurisdictional challenges.
35. The Appeals Chamber's most recent jurisprudence on the question of jurisdiction focuses narrowly on the plain text of Rule 72 of the Rules. For example, in Gotovina, the Appeals Chamber dismissed a challenge concerning the applicable mens rea of the third category of JCE, as it determined that the claim was not related to questions of jurisdiction.[8] To the extent the appeal was challenging the definition and interpretation of a particular element of the mode of liability, the Appeals Chamber found that "[s]uch an argument goes to the pleading practice and the form of the indictment and is not a challenge to jurisdiction".[9] The Appeals Chamber also adopted this approach in its Tolimir Decision. There, the appellant challenged the applicability of JCE to establishing responsibility for the crimes of genocide and conspiracy to commit genocide. In rejecting his appeal, the Appeals Chamber concluded that "though at first glance [the appeal seemed] somewhat related to subject-matter jurisdiction", it involved non-jurisdictional issues that could be resolved during the course of trial.[10]
36. As Tolimir and Gotovina demonstrate, the Appeals Chamber's approach to subject matter jurisdiction now focuses on whether the crime charged is envisioned by the statute, and whether the mode of liability upholds the principle of individual criminal responsibility; the contours and elements of modes of liability are considered an "issue[ ] of law . . . which can be properly advanced and argued during the course of trial".[11]
37. Accordingly, the Appeals Chamber finds no error in the Trial Chamber's reliance on the Appeals Chamber's distillation of case law on the scope of jurisdictional appeals as set out in Gotovina and Tolimir.[12] For the foregoing reasons, the Appeals Chamber finds that Karadžić fails to raise a proper jurisdictional challenge pursuant to Rule 72 of the Rules.
The Appeals Chamber also recalled the standard of appellate review of decisions concerning jurisdictional challenge (paras 9-10).
[1] Rule 72(D)(i)-(iii) of the Rules, IT/32/Rev. 36 (21 July 2005).
[2] Karadžić does not contend that the Appeals related to personal, territorial or temporal jurisdiction.
[3] Rwamakuba Decision on Jurisdiction [André Rwamakuba v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-98-44-AR72.4, Decision on Validity of Appeal of André Rwamakuba Against Decision Regarding Application of Joint Criminal Enterprise to the Crime of Genocide Pursuant to Rule 72(E) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence, 23 July 2004] (commenting on the corresponding ICTR rule, which is equivalent in all relevant respects).
[4] See, e.g., Rule 72(E) of the Rules, IT/32/Rev. 34 (22 February 2005).
[5] See, e.g., [ešelj Decision on Jurisdiction [The Prosecution v. Vojislav [ešelj, Case No. IT-03-67-AR72.1, Decision on Validity of Appeal of Vojislav [ešelj Challenging Jurisdiction and Form of Indictment, 29 July 2004]; Hadžihasanović Decision on Jurisdiction [Prosecutor v. Enver Hadžihasanović et al., Case No. IT-01-47-AR72, Decision Pursuant to Rule 72(E) as to Validity of Appeal, 21 February 2003].
[6] See, e.g., Joseph Nzirorera v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-98-44-AR72, Decision Pursuant to Rule 72(E) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence on Validity of Appeal of Joseph Nzirorera Regarding Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, 10 June 2004 (rejecting an interlocutory appeal as failing to raise a jurisdictional challenge because Rule 72(D) is narrow in scope in permitting appeals as of right).
[7] Compare Rule 72 of the Rules, IT/32/Rev. 34 (22 February 2005), with Rule 72 of the Rules, IT/32/Rev. 36 (21 July 2005); see, e.g., [ešelj Decision on Jurisdiction.
[8] Gotovina Decision [Prosecutor v. Ante Gotovina et al., Case No. IT-06-90-AR72.1, Decision on Ante Gotovina's Interlocutory Appeal Against Decision on Several Motions Challenging Jurisdiction, 6 June 2007], para.24.
[9] Ibid. [Gotovina Decision] at para. 24.
[10] Tolimir Decision [Prosecutor v. Zdravko Tolimir, IT-05-88/2-AR72.1, Decision on Tolimir's "Interlocutory Appeal Against the Decision of the Trial Chamber on the Part of the Second Preliminary Motion Concerning the Jurisdiction of the Tribunal", 25 February 2009], paras 7, 10; see also Impugned Decision [Prosecutor v. Radovan Karadžić, Case No. IT-95-5/18-PT, Decision on Six Preliminary Motions Challenging Jurisdiction, 28 April 2009], para. 31. In 2007, the Appeals Chamber also noted that a broad based challenge to indirect modes of perpetration and aiding and abetting was jurisdictional, though it initially dismissed this challenge on other grounds. See Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić et al, Case No. IT-04-74-AR72.2, Decision on Petković's Appeal Against Decision on Defence Motion to Strike the Amended Indictment, 4 June 2007, paras 3-5; Prosecutor v. Jadranko Prlić et al, Case No. IT-04-74-AR72.3, Decision on Petković's Appeal on Jurisdiction, 23 April 2008, paras 19-22.
[11] Tolimir Decision, paras 7, 10 (internal quotations omitted); see also Gotovina Decision, paras 22-24.
[12] Impugned Decision, paras 30-32.
|ICTR Rule Rule 72 ICTY Rule Rule 72
|Decision on Leave to Appeal - 17.02.2016
ORIĆ Naser
6. […] The Appeals Chamber observes that the Rules do not expressly provide for an appeal as of right from a decision of a trial chamber or a single judge applying the non bis in idem principle set out in Article 7 of the Statute and Rule 16 of the Rules.[1] Notwithstanding, Article 7(1) of the Statute prescribes that "[n]o person shall be tried before a national court for acts constituting serious violations of international humanitarian law under the present Statute, for which he or she has already been tried by the ICTY, the ICTR or the Mechanism" and Rule 16 of the Rules provides for a remedy in the event of a violation of this principle. The Appeals Chamber considers that, in order to give full effect to the statutory principle of non bis in idem, it is necessary to recognize that decisions by a trial chamber or a single judge that affect a party's right to the protections afforded in Article 7 of the Statute and Rule 16 of the Rules are subject to appellate review as of right.[2] […]
[1] See also Article 12(1) of the Statute and Rule 2(C) of the Rules.
[2] Cf. Prosecutor v. Radovan Stanković, MICT-13-51, Decision on Stanković's Appeal against Decision Denying Revocation of Referral and on the Prosecution's Request for Extension of Time to Respond, 21 May 2014 ("Stanković Decision"), para. 9, and references contained therein.
|IRMCT Statute Article 7 IRMCT Rule Rule 16
|Decision on Jurisdiction - 06.06.2007
GOTOVINA et al.
9. […] The Appeals Chamber recalls that interlocutory appeals on jurisdiction lie as of right under Rule 72(B)(i) only where they challenge an indictment on the ground that it does not relate to: (i) any of the persons indicated in Articles 1, 6, 7 and 9 of the Statute ("personal jurisdiction"); (ii) the territories indicated in Articles 1, 8 and 9 of the Statute ("territorial jurisdiction"); (iii) the period indicated in Articles 1, 8 and 9 of the Statute ("temporal jurisdiction"); or (iv) any of the violations indicated in Articles 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 of the Statute ("subject-matter jurisdiction").[1]
[1] See Rule 72(D) of the Rules.
|ICTR Rule Rule 72 ICTY Rule Rule 72
|Rule 15bis(D) Decision - 21.06.2004
KAREMERA et al.
9. First, it is a matter of principle that the parties to a case have a right to be heard before a decision is made which can affect their rights. The ICTY Appeal Judgment in Jelisić states thus:
In the view of the Appeals Chamber, the fact that a Trial Chamber has a right to decide proprio motu entitles it to make a decision whether or not invited to do so by a party; but the fact that it can do so does not relieve it of the normal duty of a judicial body first to hear a party whose rights can be affected by the decision to be made. Failure to hear a party against whom the Trial Chamber is provisionally inclined is not consistent with the requirement to hold a fair trial. The Rules must be read on this basis, that is to say, that they include a right of the parties to be heard in accordance with the judicial character of the Trial Chamber. The availability of this right to the prosecution and its exercise of the right can be of importance to the making of a correct decision by the Trial Chamber: the latter could benefit in substantial ways from the analysis of the evidence made by the prosecution and from its argument on the applicable law.[1]
10. Secondly, Rule 15bis (D) provides for a right of appeal from a decision made by the remaining judges of a Trial Chamber pursuant to that provision. The existence of such a right of appeal itself implies that the parties have a right to be heard at the making of the decision from which they appeal.
[1] Judgement, Case No. IT-95-10-A, 5 July 2001, para. 27.
|ICTR Rule Rule 15 bis(D) ICTY Rule Rule 15 bis(D)
|Rule 98bis Appeal Decision - 04.10.2005
KRAJIŠNIK Momčilo
2. It has been the practice in this Tribunal that appeals against decisions of a Trial Chamber denying an accused's Rule 98bis motion require certification of the Trial Chamber for the Appeals Chamber to be properly seised.[1] Motions to the Trial Chamber to acquit an accused at the end of the Prosecution case are other motions falling within the purview of Rule 73 of the Rules.
3. In this Appeal, however, the Appellant says that the amendment to Rule 98bis removes the requirement of certification.[2] The Appellant grounds this argument on the removal of the word "motion" from Rule 98bis. He says that under the previous Rule the accused would move the Trial Chamber by way of motion to enter a judgement of acquittal. The amended version of the Rule does not require the submission of a motion by a party. Instead it places an obligation on a Trial Chamber, "after hearing the oral submissions of the parties, to enter a judgement of acquittal on any count if there is no evidence capable of supporting a conviction".[3] The Appellant claims that the practical effect of the amendment is that any appeal pursuant to the amended version of Rule 98bis falls within the scope of Rule 108.[4] That Rule states:
A party seeking to appeal a judgement shall, not more than thirty days from the date on which the judgment was pronounced, file a notice of appeal, setting forth the grounds. The Appellant shall also identify the order, decision or ruling challenged with specific reference to the date of its filing, and/or the transcript page, and indicate the substance of the alleged errors and the relief sought. The Appeals Chamber may, on good cause being shown by the motion, authorise a variation of the grounds of appeal.
5. The amendment to Rule 98bis was not intended to impinge upon the already established practice of the Tribunal that appeals against judgements denying acquittal require certification of a Trial Chamber. The Appellant is correct to point out that under the old Rule 98bis the accused was required to submit a motion to the Trial Chamber to enter a judgement of acquittal and that there is no such requirement under the amended Rule. However, the logical extension of the Appellant's argument is that every time a Trial Chamber acts (or declines to act) propio motu an accused would have a right to appeal. That is clearly not the case. Under the Rules of the Tribunal the only time a party has a right of interlocutory appeal is under the specific grounds identified in Rule 72 or when another rule specifically so provides. All other interlocutory appeals have to go through the certification procedure set forth by Rule 73.
[1] Prosecutor v Brđanin, Case No: IT-99-36-A, Decision on Interlocutory Appeal, 19 March 2004.
[2] Prior to the amendment adopted on 8 December 2004, the Rule read: (A) An accused may file a motion for the entry of judgement of acquittal on one or more offences charged in the indictment within seven days after the close of the Prosecutor's case and, in any event, prior to the presentation of evidence by the defence pursuant to Rule 85(A)(ii). See Rules, IT/32/Rev.32.
[3] Amended Rule 98bis, as amended on 8 December 2004: At the close of the Prosecutor's case, the Trial Chamber shall, by oral decision and after hearing the oral submissions of the parties, enter a judgment of acquittal on any count if there is no evidence capable of supporting a conviction; Appeal [Prosecutor v. Momčilo Krajišnik, Case No. IT-00-39-AR98bis.1, Appeal Against Judgment Pursuant to Rule 98bis, 16 September 2005], para. 7.
[4] Appeal, para. 8.
ICTR Rule
Rule 73;
Rule 98 bis;
Rule 108 ICTY Rule Rule 73;
Rule 98 bis;
Rule 108
|Decision on Appeals of Decisions Rendered by a Single Judge - 09.08.2017
NIYITEGEKA Eliézer
10. The Appeals Chamber accepts Niyitegeka's argument that, at the time he filed the Request for Certification, it was not clear that he was entitled to appeal as of right the Decision of 29 January 2016, which was issued, in part, on the basis of Rules 73 and 86 of the Rules [of Procedure and Evidence of the Mechanism (""Rules")]. The Appeals Chamber recalls that the Appeals Chamber of the ICTR had ruled in Niyitegeka's case that Rule 73 of the ICTR Rules concerning the requirement of certification prior to appeal applies only to interlocutory appeals during an applicant's proceedings before a trial chamber and had held that an applicant is entitled to appeal as of right a decision pursuant to Rule 75(G) of the ICTR Rules rendered by another trial chamber after the close of that applicant's trial and appeal proceedings.[1] Subsequently, Rule 75 of the ICTR Rules – the equivalent of Rule 86 of the Rules – was amended to provide for an express right of appeal of decisions taken under that rule when issued after the conclusion of an applicant's trial proceedings.[2] However, Rule 86 of the Rules does not provide the same express right of appeal of decisions issued under it after the close of trial proceedings. In addition, only after Niyitegeka filed his Request for Certification did the Appeals Chamber clarify that the requirement of certification to appeal is not applicable to decisions under Rule 86 of the Rules rendered after the close of an applicant's trial and appeal proceedings and that there lies a right of appeal in such circumstances.[3]
12. […] [T]he Appeals Chamber clarifies that an appeal lies as of right of any decision taken under Rule 73 of the Rules by a single judge or trial chamber after an applicant's trial and appeal proceedings have concluded. This is necessary to give full effect to the continuous obligation imposed upon the Prosecution by Rule 73(E) of the Rules to disclose exculpatory material after the completion of trial and any subsequent appeal.[4]
[1] Niyitegeka Decision of 20 June 2008 [Eliézer Niyitegeka v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-14-R75, Decision on Motion for Clarification, 20 June 2008], paras. 13, 14.
[2] Compare ICTR Rules of 14 March 2008 with ICTR Rules of 1 October 2009. Specifically, the ICTR Rules of 1 October 2009. Specifically, the ICTR Rules of 1 October 2009 were amended to include Rule 75J, which states: "Decisions under paragraph (G) and, after the close of trial proceedings, paragraph (A), and under Rule 69, are subject to appeal directly to a full bench of the Appeals Chamber by either party. Appeals shall be filed within fifteen days of the filing of the impugned decision. A responding party shall, thereafter, file any response within ten days from the date of the filling of the appeal. The Appellant may file a reply within four days of the filing of the response. Failure to comply with these time limits shall constitute a waiver of the right to appeal."
[3]See Kamuhanda Decision of 14 November 2016 [Case No. MICT-13-33, Decision on Appeal of Decision Declining to Rescind Protective Measures for a Deceased Witness]], para. 6.
[4] Cf. Prosecutor v. Naser Orić, Case No. MICT-14-79, Decision on an Application for Leave to Appeal the Single Judge's Decision of 10 December 2015, 17 February 2016 ("Orić Decision of 17 February 2016"), para. 6.
ICTR Rule
Rule 73;
Rule 75 ICTY Rule Rule 73;
Rule 75 IRMCT Rule Rule 73;
Rule 86
|Decision on Appeals of Decisions Rendered by a Single Judge - 09.08.2017
NIYITEGEKA Eliézer
12. […] the Appeals Chamber clarifies that an appeal lies as of right of any decision taken under Rule 73 of the Rules by a single judge or trial chamber after an applicant's trial and appeal proceedings have concluded. This is necessary to give full effect to the continuous obligation imposed upon the Prosecution by Rule 73(E) of the Rules to disclose exculpatory material after the completion of trial and any subsequent appeal.[1]
[1] Cf. Prosecutor v. Naser Orić, Case No. MICT-14-79, Decision on an Application for Leave to Appeal the Single Judge's Decision of 10 December 2015, 17 February 2016 ("Orić Decision of 17 February 2016"), para. 6.
IRMCT Rule
Rule 73;
Rule 146
|Decision on Access to Confidential Material - 22.04.2009
RUTAGANDA George
6. Rule 75(J) of the Rules of Procedure and Evidence ("Rules"), provides that decisions under paragraph (G) are subject to appeal directly to a full bench of the Appeals Chamber by either party.
10. The Appeals Chamber recalls that where a party requests access to confidential material from another case, such material must be identified or described by its general nature and a legitimate forensic purpose for accessing it must be demonstrated.[1] Consideration must be given to the relevance of the material sought, which may be demonstrated by showing the existence of a nexus between the requesting party's case and the case from which such material is sought.[2] Such a factual nexus may be established, for example, "if the cases stem from events alleged to have occurred in the same geographic area at the same time,"[3] although this may not always be necessary or sufficient.[4] Rather, a case-specific analysis is required in each instance.[5] A Chamber must be satisfied that the requesting party has established that this material is likely to assist its case materially or that there is at least a good chance that it would.[6]
11. Once it is determined that confidential material filed in another case may materially assist an applicant, the Chamber shall determine which protective measures shall apply to the material, as it is within the Chamber's discretionary power to strike a balance between the rights of a party to have access to material to prepare its case, and guaranteeing the protection and integrity of confidential information.[7] Failure by the Trial Chamber to apply this approach amounts to a discernible error based on an incorrect interpretation of the governing law.[8]
[1] Nahimana et al. Decision, para. 12.
[2] See Niyitegeka Decision of 23 October 2008 [Eliézer Niyitegeka v. The Prosecutor, Case No. ICTR-96-14-R75, Decision on Eliézer Niyitegeka's Appeal Concerning Access to Confidential Materials in the Muhimana and Karemera et al. Cases, 23 October 2008], para. 21, referring to Prosecutor v. Tihomir Blaškić, Case No. IT-95-14-A, Decision on Appellants Dario Kordić and Mario Čerkez's Request for Assistance of the Appeals Chamber in Gaining Access to Appellate Briefs and Non-Public Post Appeal Pleadings and Hearing Transcripts filed in the Prosecutor v. Blaškić, 16 May 2002 ("Blaškić Decision"), para. 15.
[3] See Prosecutor v. Vidoje Blagojević and Dragan Jokić, Case No. IT-02-60-A, Decision on Momčilo Perišić's Motion Seeking Access to Confidential Material in the Blagojević and Jokić Case, 18 January 2006 ("Blagojević and Jokić Decision"), para. 4 (internal quotations and citations omitted); Prosecutor v. Stanislav Galić, Case No. IT-98-29-A, Decision on Momcilo Perisić's Motion Seeking Access to Confidential Material in the Galić Case, 16 February 2006, para. 3.
[4] Prosecutor v. Fatmir Limaj et al., Case No. IT-03-66-A, Decision on Haradinaj Motion for Access, Balaj Motion for Joinder, and Balaj Motion for Access to Confidential Materials in the Limaj Case, 31 October 2006 ("Limaj et al. Decision"), para. 7, citing Blaškić Decision, paras. 15, 16.
[5] Limaj et al. Decision, para. 7.
[6] Niyitegeka Decision of 23 October 2008, referring to Blaškić Decision Decision, para. 15. For discussion of the circumstances which would be relevant to establishing the requisite nexus, see, e.g., Prosecutor v. Momčilo Krajišnik, Case No. IT-00-39-A, Decision on Motion by Mićo Stanišić for Access to All Confidential Material in the Krajišnik Case, 21 February 2007, p. 5; Blagojević and Jokić Decision, para. 5; Blaškić Decision, para. 16; Prosecutor v. Milan Martić, Case No. IT-95-11-A, Decision on Motion by Jovica Stanišić for Access to Confidential Testimony and Exhibits in the Martić Case, 22 February 2008, para. 10.
[7] See Niyitegeka Decision of 23 October 2008, para. 21, citing Prosecutor v. Mladen Naletilić et al., Case No. IT-98-34-A, Decision on "Slobodan Praljak's Motion for Access to Confidential Testimony and Documents in Prosecutor v. Naletilić and Martinović" and "Jadranko Prlić's Notice of Joinder to Slobodan Praljak's Motion for Access", 13 June 2005, p. 7; Blagojević and Jokić Decision, para. 7.
[8] Niyitegeka Decision of 23 October 2008, para. 23.
|ICTR Rule Rule 75 ICTY Rule Rule 75


text:
Flashr Auth demo
For the latest up to date information about Flashr please check out the new Flashr microsite
I've just stuck together a simple demo which shows how to authenticate against flickr.com using Flashr and the new authentication API.
This seems to be one of the more confusing aspects of the Flickr API (it definitely was to me until I implemented it the first time). This demo basically shows the process of authenticating and also shows how you can store the authentication token in a SharedObject so that a returning user doesn't need to log in again.
Note: you don't need to authenticate against flickr.com to use most methods of the API. You only need to do it if you want to access a user's private photos or to add / update information. The api docs tell you when authenication is necessary (I didn't necessarily port all this information across into the flashr docs).
Right, here is the demo in action:
And here is the source code. To use the source code just download it and unzip it. Edit the file to put your API Key and secret in. Make sure you have the core of Flashr in your class path and compile the class with these MTASC flags (on top of your normal ones for -cp and -swf):
If you have any problems with the demo then please ask questions on the Flashr mailing list.
- hey thanks! i take this for a personnal gift !
— bigop Sep 29, 11:34 #


text:
Cost-Benefit Analysis: Wonder Tool or Mirage [i]? Which is it? At the highest levels, the US government maintains that cost-benefit analysis is indeed helpful to sort out potential good v. bad of "significant regulatory action." [ii] September 17, 2003 OMB Circular A-4 "guidance to heads of executive agencies" says,
A good regulatory analysis is designed to inform the public and other parts of the Government (as well as the agency conducting the analysis) of the effects of alternative actions. Regulatory analysis sometimes will show that a proposed action is misguided, but it can also demonstrate that well-conceived actions are reasonable and justified.There are many economists who believe cost-benefit analysis to be very helpful in government rulemaking and other regulatory efforts. But many others are not so sure that detailed cost-benefit analysis is either warranted or even helpful. Some argue that far from being helpful, such analysis is in fact often harmful to disadvantaged individuals and groups, and to the environment.
Benefit-cost analysis is a primary tool for regulatory analysis[2]. Where all benefits and costs can be quantified and expressed in monetary units, benefit-cost analysis provides decision makers with a clear indication of the most efficient alternative, that is, the alternative that generates the largest net benefits to society (ignoring distributional effects). This is useful information for decision makers and the public to receive, even when economic efficiency is not the only or the overriding policy objective.
It is not always possible to express in monetary units all of the important benefits and costs. When it is not, the most efficient alternative will not necessarily be the one with the largest quantified and monetized net-benefit estimate. In such cases, you should exercise professional judgment in determining how important the non-quantified benefits or costs may be in the context of the overall analysis. If the non-quantified benefits and costs are likely to be important, you should carry out a "threshold" analysis to evaluate their significance. Threshold or "break-even" analysis answers the question, "How small could the value of the non-quantified benefits be (or how large would the value of the non-quantified benefits need to be) before the rule would yield zero net benefits." In addition to threshold analysis you should indicate, where possible, which non-quantified effects are most important and why. (p. 2, [2]: references E.J. Mishan's book, Cost-Benefit Analysis, 1994)
The latest manifestation of long-standing criticism of cost-benefit analysis, comes in the form a book by Frank Ackerman and Lisa Heinzerling titled Pricing the Priceless: Knowing the Price of Everything and the Value of Nothing, 2004.
In the fall of 2004, Carrie McLaren of Stay Free! Magazine interviewed Frank Ackerman and Lisa Heinzerling about Priceless: http://www.stayfreemagazine.org/archives/23/priceless.html
… Throughout Priceless, Ackerman and Heinzerling show how regulators have determined costs for anything from a case of chronic bronchitis ($260,000; EPA, 1997), to the preservation of national forests ($219,000; OMB, 2002), to IQ points ($8,346 each; EPA, 2000).
The authors oppose cost-benefit analysis and consider it too inherently biased to base decisions on. Yet in their critique they remain level-headed and clear, pointing out blatant errors in logic and calculations--criticisms that should be of value even to cost-benefit's advocates. …
Frank Ackerman is an economist at the Global Development and Environment Institute at Tufts University. Lisa Heinzerling is a professor at the Georgetown University Law Center and has clerked for Judge Richard Posner and Justice William Brennan. We talked by phone in July 2004, and I was immediately taken with both of them.--Carrie McLaren ….
STAY FREE!: Are there any critics of cost-benefit analysis who don't share your politics? Any conservatives oppose it?
ACKERMAN: Conservative policy wonks generally love this stuff.
STAY FREE!: How do mainstream environmental groups respond to cost-benefit analysis? Are they responding with their own numbers: "if you can't beat 'em, join 'em"?
HEINZERLING: Good question. Certainly when Newt Gingrich's Contract with America came to Washington, environmental groups united against a so-called "super mandate" that would have required cost-benefit analysis for health and environmental rules. And so you have that fairly recent experience when the environmental community was united against cost-benefit analysis. Today I hear among environmental groups some sense that, "well, this is inevitable, so let's try to make it as good as we can."
STAY FREE!: What about "bioeconomics"? I've read that some environmentalists have been arguing for putting a price on natural resources in order to deter corporations from plundering the environment without paying. What has become of this idea?
ACKERMAN: There have been little successes here and there, but the problem is that the market values of sustainable uses of natural resources are often much less than the values of damaging uses. What happens in, say, the Amazon, where it turns out that the value of preserving the trees for tourism and sustainable industries is nowhere near the short-term value of clear-cutting, selling the timber, and farming the land? To take another example, if you wanted to put a price on whales, you could add up the money people pay for whale-watching trips, but it turns out that's fairly small. It's easy to believe that commercial exploitation of whales could produce a lot more money than the revenues of whale-watching trips.
My reaction to those who want to save nature by adding up its market value is, more power to them, but they're not going to get us nearly as far as we need to go.
STAY FREE!: You would prefer to get rid of cost-benefit analysis entirely, wouldn't you?
HEINZERLING: We think it's fundamentally flawed and that refinements aren't going to help in a meaningful way.
ACKERMAN: The people who are pushing it are not just relying on its intrinsic flaws; they're often cheating in their calculations. Environmental groups fighting a rear-guard action against cost-benefit analysis can always find ways in which the benefits numbers are too small, but that never wins the war.
STAY FREE!: It reminds me of the divide between police estimates of the crowd size at a protest verses the organizers' estimates. The two sides are never going to agree on the numbers, so it boils down to politics. To play devil's advocate, proponents of cost-benefit analysis argue that obviously some ways of preserving our environment or our health are cheaper and better than others, so can't cost-benefit analysis help with that?
HEINZERLING: It doesn't necessarily help with that. What might help is setting a goal and then thinking about creative ways to get to that goal most cheaply. In some contexts, that might mean labeling a product rather than banning or restricting it. In other cases, when you're talking about pollution, it might mean allowing emissions trading in that pollutant rather than requiring a particular control technology.
ACKERMAN: From the beginning of modern environmental regulation in the early 1970s right to the present, there has been continuous discussion about the best, most innovative ways to regulate--a search for cheaper control technologies, simpler forms of record keeping and so on. I'm not convinced that cost-benefit analysis does anything to accelerate that process. The case for cost-benefit calculations so often depends on a strange rewriting of the past, as if the EPA was once run by Stalinist bureaucrats who delighted in capriciously spending money, and so now we have to bring in economic analysis to undo the damage. If you were alive then, or if you've read about the period, you know that this legendary era of extravagance never happened. So cost-benefit analysis is presented as solving a desperate problem that never actually occurred.
STAY FREE!: How do you respond to economists who argue that cost-benefit analysis helps in making difficult decisions? If closing off a particular waterway is going to harm a couple of types of fish but will protect a couple of other species, or it will devastate the livelihood of one community but not another, can't cost-benefit analysis help with making the best choice?
ACKERMAN: Making difficult decisions is what government and the courts have always done, and there's no evidence that they have failed for lack of a magical mathematical formula.
HEINZERLING: One of the subtle things that's also lost when you decide things according to this formula is any sense of loss or tragedy. Martha Nussbaum, a philosopher at the University of Chicago, has pointed out that if you reduce everything to numbers you can easily think nobody was hurt by a regulation. It may be, in some cases, that you can't please everybody and at the end of the day somebody is hurt, but cost-benefit analysis completely papers over that fact. Sometimes in human situations when you realize that people are being hurt you can actually come up with a solution that you wouldn't have thought of if you were pretending that you were just trading money around.
STAY FREE!: So do you think cost-benefit analysis is going to be around for a while?
HEINZERLING: Yes, unfortunately. There are too many people who make their living off of it [laughs]. There are too many think tanks. It's a huge industry.
If you enjoyed these remarks, you might also like this from OMB Watch, 3/21/2005, titled "Is Cost Benefit Analysis Needed?" The article concludes,
[C]ost-benefit analysis is not only a weak tool for determining public protections, but its "impartial" calculations can have severe and damaging impacts. In no way is it a blind arbitrator, equally weighing both sides of an issue. Rather it is a political tool, weighted to favor the regulated community that does not adequately address our regulatory priorities.
Finally, I have carried similar criticisms forward in social science circles and broader circles in the Forest Service for many years. My latest criticism is packaged as "Top Ten Reasons why Cost Benefit Analysis Fails in Public Choice Settings."
[i] "Cost-Benefit Analysis: Wonder Tool or Mirage?" titled borrowed from Dec. 1980 Congressional Report, cited in my late-1980s "Economic Advice for Forest Managers."
[ii] OMB A-4 Note: Significant regulatory action is defined by Executive Order 12866. OMB Circular A-4 pertains in particular to two sections of EO 12866: Section 6(a)(3)(c) and Section 3(f)(1), but also references other authorities.


text:
World Languages and Cultural Documentation ProjectIgala Studies Igala Dictionary
- Type any Igala alphabet to
see suggestion for Igala words
Posted by Rev. Fr. Fidelis Ele-Ojo Egbunu at December 11th, 2014
Africans and African Humanism: What Prospects?
Egbunu Fidelis Eleojo, PhD
Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies
Kogi State University Anyigba
Kogi State
This work on Africans and African Humanism is a philosophical enquiry into the significance of African sense of respect for the human person. The traditional values of hospitality, primacy of the person, respect for life, sense of the sacred, familihood, brotherhood, solidarity and other characteristic features of the communalistic life of an African person are brought into cognizance. Applying the descriptive, analytic and phenomenological methods of enquiry and spreading forth the scope of our coverage to include not only black Negroes within the confines of the geographical configuration of Africa but also diasporans and those of any race and colour within the continent, practical examples are sourced in order to illumine our subject matter. Salient questions are raised with respect to the essence of the centrality of the human person, his/her dignity, right and the need for fair-play and sense of responsibility on the part of the citizenry and general leadership. The notoriety of Africa and Africans in relation to their being religious in all aspects of life is being latched upon as a launch-pad for this all important task. By and large, Africans are called upon not only to be more conscious of the latent potentials in this essentially humanistic light, but to harness and promote them assiduously and to give it a more cosmopolitan outlook as they anchor their lives on this rich cultural heritage. This, as it were, is expected to yield immense dividends of not only curbing violence, terrorism, genocide and all forms of social ills associated with our contemporary world, but it is also hoped that it will bring about the much needed peace, harmony and progress in all its ramifications world-over.
Category: General Articles, Igala Articles, Literature & Writing


text:
About Us
Cycling BC is the provincial governing body for the sport of cycling in British Columbia. We represent the full range of disciplines including Road, Track, Cyclo-cross, Mountain Biking, BMX and Para-cycling.
Our main responsibilities include:
- Licensing of Riders, Coaches, Officials and Race Organizers
- Coordination and Development of Race Calendar
- Training of Race Officials
- Certification and Training of Cycling Coaches
- Development of New and Existing Cycling Clubs
- Sanctioning & Insuring of Cycling Races and Events
- Maximizing Participation in Competitive Cycling
- Development of Instructors for Courses and Clinics
- Development of High Performance Athletes
- Delivering youth cycling programs to schools & communities
Cycling BC is a not-for-profit association registered under the BC Societies Act and affiliated with the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) through our membership in Cycling Canada.
Our Board of Directors, elected by our members at the Annual General Meeting, provides policy direction to our senior staff. Other important volunteers who facilitate the workings of Cycling BC include race organizers, coaches, commissaires, instructors and committee members.
Mission, Vision and Values
Empowering British Columbians to be active and to achieve success through cycling.
To provide ongoing opportunities and support for cycling enthusiasts, athletes, coaches, and commissaires through development, competition at all levels, and to collaborate with stakeholders on the growth of our sport.
* Respect * Community * Excellence * Mastery * Safety * Fun *


text:
In the previous blog post, we have seen how handlebars works and the various helpers provided by Hiptest publisher.
It is now time to have a look at some examples and tweak the default output. But first, let's do some configuration so hiptest-publisher knows which templates to use.
Configuring hiptest-publisher
First, create a folder named "templates" in your code repository (the naming is not important).
Then, edit your hiptest-configuration file and add the following line:
overriden_templates = './templates'
And now we are ready to go. To simplify the explanations, we'll use some real-life use cases given by our customers.
Example 1: changing the parameters casing
Let's say you are testing a web service with Python and you need your parameters to keep the casing for the parameters as it helps implementing the action words.
Here is how you wrote it in Hiptest:
Now, when you generate the code, you obtain this code:
As you can see, the parameters have been changed with snake case and the capitalisation has been lost (as snake case is the norm in Python).
We will fix this easily. First, open the Github project for hiptest-publisher and navigate to the python templates (located in lib/templates/python) and copy the files "argument.hbs" and "parameter.hbs" to the "templates" folder you created previously.
As you can see in those two files, we are calling the "underscore" helper when rendering the name of the parameter and arguments. We'll replace that with the "literate" helper and regenerate the code with hiptest-publisher:
Example 2: adding a setup for the tests
Hiptest can handle setup for tests by the use of action words, but you may want to customise it a bit for your use case. A classical case would be to add a setup that starts a Selenium browser (that would not help readability of test having an action word called "start Selenium browser").
Here is our folder setup and one test scenario we want to implement.
Once we generate the code, we obtain this for our folder:
In Github, we'll open the templates for Java generation, located in "lib/templates/java" we'll copy the file "folder.hbs" to our templates directory.
We can see there that there is already a setup defined, but it only outputs data if a setup has been set at the folder level. So first thing, we'll remove the "{{#unless is_empty?}}" at the beginning of line 9 and the "{{/unless}}" at line 14, so a setup fonction is always declared.
Then, before closing the setup fonction, we create the web driver. Our template now looks like this:
Now when we generate the code, we obtain the following code for the folder:
Example 3: adding a teardown
This one is pretty close to the previous one as we will edit the way a folder is generated. We'll use Javascript and Jasmine this time (but keep the same project than in the previous sample).
Once again, we'll find the template used to generate a folder for this framework: it is located in "lib/templates/javascript/jasmine". This time, we'll reset the application after each test.
The overriden templates looks like this:
As you can see, we used the "curly" and "indent" helpers to generate the curly brackets and indent the code inside the setup.
Our generated code looks like this now:
Example 4: changing default rule in Espresso
For the espresso export, we define the tested rule has being the MainActivity. That said, you may want to change which activity is tested.
This is pretty simple to change, but we first need to know which template to override. If you use the option "–with-folders" (or with_folder=true in your config file), then you need to override the folder.hbs file. Otherwise, override the scenarios.hbs file.
There, simple modify the following lines in order to have it pointing to the activity you want to test.
@Rule public ActivityTestRule<MainActivity> mActivityRule = new ActivityTestRule<>(MainActivity.class);
Example 5: changing keywords file name in Robot framework
By default, we generate the keywords in a file named "keywords.txt", but you may want to change that (for example split them in various helper files).
As for the previous example, you need to know which template to override: folder.hbs when splitting by folder, scenarios.hbs when generating all scenarios in a single file or single_scenario.hbs when splitting each scenario in a single file.
In the template, locate the line "Resource keywords.txt" and replace it by the name of the ressource you need, for example:
Resource authentication.robot Resource cart_management.robot Resource payement.robot
As you can see with those different examples, it is pretty simple to change the output of Hiptest publisher so it fits your needs.
In case you do not know which template to override, you can always ask the Hiptest support to guide you through the customising process.
Happy testing 🙂


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Boomer Beware Fast Food Chain Health Claims Wrong
Until the last year I have never paid real close attention to the health warning labels on what I buy at the store. I still don't pay close attention to calorie labels at fast food restaurants. This study seems to tell us that the health claims at fast food joints is way off base.
Each month, 11.5 million Australians consume fast food. Alongside traditional burger, fried chicken and pizza chains, new chains are positioning themselves as healthier alternatives to the typical, energy-, saturated fat-, sugar- and salt-laden meals on offer at traditional chains.
We know the fast food environment influences our food choices. Promotions and marketing on labels and websites influence our decisions about the foods we buy. Many chains are now using claims about nutrient content and health benefits on their websites to create a marketing edge and perhaps make us feel less guilty about our next fast food purchase.
The Australia New Zealand Food Standards Code defines nutrition content claims as those that state the presence or absence of a nutrient, for example, "contains calcium". Foods with these claims must meet the minimum (or maximum) quantities for the nutrient in the claim, called the qualifying criteria.
Health claims are those that relate to a food-health relationship, such as "contains calcium for healthy bones". In addition to containing the minimum/maximum quantities of the nutrient, foods carrying these claims must also meet the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criteria, meaning they are healthier foods based on their energy, saturated fat, sugars, sodium, protein, fiber and fruit, vegetable, nut and legume content.
Previously, there has been close scrutiny of grocery foods carrying these sorts of claims, and whether they comply with the requirements of the code. However, any food sold in Australia is subject to this code, and there has been no scrutiny of the claims being made by fast food outlets.
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Category: Articles


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Appraisal: 1876 Joseph Coomans Oil
Clip: Season 19 Episode 28 | 2m 7s
In Vintage Tulsa, Nan Chisholm appraises some 1876 Joseph Coomans oil.
Aired: 07/05/15Video has closed captioning.
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Funding for ANTIQUES ROADSHOW is provided by Liberty Mutual Insurance, Ancestry, and Consumer Cellular. Additional funding is provided by public television viewers.


text: Most professional golfers and analysts think that winning in the PGA Tour peaks when golfers are in their thirties. Rather than relying on educated guesses, we can actually use available statistical data to determine the actual ages at which golfers peak their golf game. Using data available from the Golf Channel, the PGA Tour, and LPGA Tour, I calculated and provided the mean, the median, and the mode ages at which professional golfers on the PGA, European, Champions, and LPGA Tours had won over a five-year period. More specifically, the ages at which the PGA, European, Champions, and LPGA golfers peak their wins seem to be 35, 30, 52, and 25 respectively.Tags: Golf


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In the most awkward moment of a stunning London 2012 opening ceremony, an elderly spectator appeared to give a Nazi-style salute as German athletes entered the stadium.
The elderly man was standing as he extended and retracted his arm in an action that was supposed to be a wave - but looked like something else.
Twitter was alive with comments following the incident.
@simonfromharlow tweeted: "Was that a fat bloke giving a Nazi salute to Germany?" and @allgoodcafe was equally mystified: "Did I just see a guy doing a #nazisalute? olympicceremony".
London Mayor Boris Johnson, sitting behind the gentleman concerned, seemed to find the amusing side to the situation as he enjoyed a joke with the neighbouring Duchess of Cornwall.


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Web Studio – Web Design & Development, provides a fresh, creative digital service to businesses who want to grow online. We focus on results, we use our technical skill and industry insight to help you meet your digital goals.
We understand how important it is nowadays to have a website that gives your business an online presence. At Web Studio our aim is to provide you with great functioning websites with fresh and modern designs to help your business grow.
Currently there are many websites that are too complicated and not designed correctly for the common user, our goal is to keep your clients happy by providing you with the perfect website that is not only great to look at but is also easy to navigate so your clients can find exactly what they´re looking for.
If you are interested in a website or would like more information please contact us and we will get back in contact with you as soon as possible.


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University of West Florida, Building 79, Drainage Improvements
This project consisted of the installation of approximately 500 lineal feet of 12" ADS storm piping. Fabre Engineering & Surveying performed Civil Site Design for the revision of the drainage plan and prepared an Opinion of Probable cost along with 100% Plans and Specifications.
Categorised as: Transportation and Stormwater


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Iris ensata or Japanese iris, are beardless and bloom from late June to July in the Northeast.
With thinner leaves than its bearded cousins and a rib that runs the length of the leaf, the hybridized plant that we know produces beautiful flowers in shades of blue, red violet, purple and white. In Japan the plant is known as 'Hanashobu'.
Native to Japan this species of iris was introduced to the United States in the 19th century, becoming popular after the turn of the 20th century, falling out of favor during the Great Depression and World War II, the plant began to gain interest again in the last 20 years.
Plant the rhizomes in very moist soil where they can be kept watered even in drought conditions. The pond bog area is an excellent place for them with rich soil and slightly acidic pH between 5 and 6.5. Divide every three to four years for good flowering and because the new roots grow above the old and will rise out of the soil in that time frame. If planted in full shade, the blooms will not be as numerous. Transplanting in September seems to work well, giving the rhizomes enough time to acclimate prior to the onset of winter.
Remove the leaves as they die to help control disease and pests such as Borers that will winter in the debris created by dying leaves and eventually bore into the soft leaves of Spring and on down to the rhizome. First signs are yellowed leaves at their base, easily removed and black at the end.
In the cold climates, it perhaps is best to plant the Japanese iris in pots that can be removed from the pond once the weather turns cold. The plant does not like being in the water when it is -20 degrees, but will do alright on land with little water during the winter. Be sure to plant in fabric pots with soil that will not float into the pond once placed in the spring.
This beautiful plant will give you much to appreciate and will enhance the overall appearance of any landscaped pond.
Learn about pond algae and how to control it
Here you will find all of our products


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Posted: Feb 11, 2017
LAKELAND – Mount Olive used a six-run seventh inning blow open a 2-2 tie and hand Florida Southern a 12-2 loss in the early game on Saturday at Henley Field.
- Mount Olive (4-0) jumped ahead 2-0 in the top of the first on a two-run homer by David Mayo off Florida Southern starter A.J. Smith.
- Florida Southern (3-2) tied the in the bottom of the fourth on Logan Browning's first homer of the season, a solo shot to right field.
- The Trojans then erupted for six runs in the top of the seventh inning on five hits. Jack Sherrill got the ball rolling with a two-run double while pinch-hitter Zach Monzingo blasted a three-run homer to right field. Gunner Tolston followed with a pinch-hit solo home run for the 8-2 lead.
- Mount Olive capped the scoring with four more runs in the top of the eighth inning.
- With win, Mount Olive evens the overall series between the two clubs at five games a piece.
- The top seven batters in the Moccasin order each had at least one base hit with Austin Mauer collecting pair of singles.
- FSC starter A.J. Smith worked 6-1/3 innings and allowed three runs on six hits with six strikeouts.
- Reliever J.J. Niekro worked the final 1-2/3 innings for Florida Southern and held Mount Olive scoreless on one hit with a pair of strikeouts.
- These same two teams play again Sunday at 1 p.m. at Henley Field.


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Vliegerop is the distributor for BIC Sport in the Netherlands and Belgium. BIC Sport has become the world's leading expert for water sports. BIC Sport makes surf, SUP and windsurf accessible for everyone with very durable boards at an affordable price.
Since 20 years the French company BIC Sport has become the world's leading expert for water sports. A forerunner in the industrial scale manufacture of surf and SUP boards. Stand Up Paddling, Paddleboarding, Paddlesurfing, SUP – Whatever you choose to call it, is FUN.
Twenty years ago BIC Sport launched the first ever sustainably mass-produced surfboard, opening the sport and market to tens of thousands of would-be surfers by offering them high quality boards at very reasonable prices. BIC Surfboards are designed by some of the world's best shapers to guarantee high performance and ease of use.
BIC Sport is the world market leader in the field of windsurf for over 20 years. Since 2000 BIC concentrates efforts on a more limited range of products and investing heavily in establishing monotype/formula competitions.
BIC Sport presents a new range of environmental friendly products: EARTH – Deep into Nature. Featuring bio-sourced, renewable and/or recyclable materials.
Beautiful high-end boards with an eco footprint!


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Announcing the 2017 Artists in Residence!!!
The Sam and Adele Golden Foundation for the Arts was delighted to receive over 270 applications from artists around the world for the 2017 Residency Program. The independent panel of art professionals was tasked with the difficult decision of choosing among the many talented applicants. On behalf of the Golden Foundation we want to congratulate the following 18 artists:
Katherine Barrie, Susan Connolly, Brandon Dalmer, Rosemarie Fiore, Huey-Chih Ho, Melissa Huddleston, Hyoyoun Lee, Björn Lundell, Ira Mitchell-Kirk, Helen O'Leary, Sarah Pater, Marcy Rosewater, Liz Roth, Rajab Sayed, Joey Slaughter, Tong Zhang, Kate Bae and Kirstin Lamb
Click here to see the 2017 Artists' websites
The 2017 Residency Program begins in February and will run through the end of October. Residents live and work in a completely renovated chicken barn for 4 weeks and have access to an unlimited supply of acrylics, oils, watercolors and custom materials. Additionally, an educational component of the program includes such topics as frugal use of water in the studio, varnishing, best practices in studio waste management and packing and shipping ones artwork.
Thank you to all who applied this year! Happy Holidays!


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Two disasters – or near disasters – this week: First, I've been updating the Excel database file that I copied onto my school computer (a MAC). That seems like a reasonable thing to do when adding books that got missed on the first pass through a book box. I also have been bolding the titles of books as the labels are attached so that I can tell which books have been fully labeled and accounted for and which books might be squirreled away in a student's desk. Seems like it should work, right?
Well, wrong. I am admittedly a PC person – outside of dealing with Macs in the schools in which I work, I don't use Apple hardware or software. I don't remember when I first used Excel, but I'm guessing I've been using it since about the first version of it and definitely know my way around the PC version. What happened to me in using the MAC version is that the save button in the tool tray didn't actually save the file — you'd think that might be a requirement, but I guess not. The only way this file was getting actually saved on the MAC was through the dropdown menu. By the time I figured out why changes and inserted cells/rows were all messed up (my technical term), the entire file was a disaster (sigh). I believe it's now been righted — had to compare the PC Excel file on my laptop to a printed hardcopy of the MAC version. Lesson learned: don't get too cute by having multiple files going back and forth between operating systems and software versions.
The second glitch this week was in the color coded baskets. There are WAY too many books — can you believe it — for the baskets I have. And the small stacking baskets, while just the right size for paperback chapter books, are too small for the picture books unless I turn the basket on the long side. This means I lose some shelf space and will probably mean the goal of getting books off of the counters in not reasonable. I've noticed that Really Good Stuff has recently begun selling sets of 12 medium-sized baskets all in the same color so there is a solution, but not a cheap one.
I've started a preliminary sort of some of the labeled books as you can see from the image at the left. The decision of which books are in the baskets hasn't been carved into stone of course, but it seemed like progress was being made when some of the new baskets finally appeared on the bookshelves. I still need to make labels for the baskets so the students will be able to replace books when making trades. That will take some planning.
Now, what to do with those cardboard magazine boxes? They're too good to throw away (and if you are or live with a teacher you know throwing things away just isn't something we do). I'll need to come to a decision soon as they are starting to take over the table and desk space!
So on the To-Do list for the coming week is to finish labeling the rest of the newly categorized library, solve the basket issue, and, oh yes…. get rid of the clutter before it drives everyone crazy.


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Being legally blind hasn't hindered Levi Williams from following his dreams.
Apart from driving a car, it doesn't stop Levi from doing anything. And that includes becoming a professional singer and eventually a music producer.
Levi was born with ocular albinism. He embraces his impairment.
"I want to make a difference in the world. I want to be an inspiration to people because I don't let it get me down. It doesn't stop me from doing what ever I want to do.It's part of who I am," he says. Right now, Levi wants to sing.
Levi, 16, and Charlie Childs, 14, from Otumoetai College, have won 2018 scholarships with leading baroque chamber choir Scholars Pro Musica.
The scholarship, introduced by musical director Chalium Poppy, is to give young people an experience singing in a semi professional setting with a chamber choir.They hope to kindle a passion for choral music in youth.
"The scholarship scheme is all about providing talented young singers with the nurturing, leadership and skills they will require to become great singers and valued members of any choral ensemble they may wish to join later in life. The skills they learn are very much skills for life," Chalium says.
Charlie and Levi were recommended by Otumoetai College's head of music Matt Bodman. They join third year choral scholar Alfred Shum, 17, from Tauranga Boys' College.
Levi's mother is drama teacher Petrina Chisholm. He has been involved in two Tauranga Musical Theatre (TMT) productions and played lead Corny Collins in the school production of Hairspray.
His vocal range is bass but he's versatile, Matt says. "He can also do jazz, musical theatre and contemporary pop." "He can also do soprano," Charlie quips.
Charlie is a baritone singer. His family have always been involved in choirs as well as amateur theatre. Charlie has sung in choirs since primary school and is part of TMT's youth group.
Matt says it's brilliant the two have been selected, and points out the baroque singing era can be a struggle to master.
"It's different," Charlie says. "It was hard at first but once you learn the vowels and how to pronounce the words, it gets easier."
Chalium handpicked the students for scholarship. He has work shopped with Levi and Charlie before in their preparation for The Big Sing schools event.
"They both stuck out in the school choir, their work ethic in rehearsal really caught my eye, they wanted to please and I could see that determination. It was really quite something.
"They have beautiful voices and they have raw talent so it's just going to get better through time spent with the rest of the scholars."
St Mary Immaculate, Elizabeth St Saturday, December 2 at 7.30pm
Tickets 0800 842 538
The Scholars Pro Musica chamber choir present their third annual performance of Handel's oratorio Messiah. The Scholars are joined by professional baroque orchestra NZ Barok.


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BMW 650i Gran Coupe Wheel Replacement Cost
Know what price you should pay to get your vehicle fixed.
What is a Wheel?
Wheels offer vehicles with a balanced platform on which to mount tires. They are made of a sturdy material ranging from magnesium to steel, and are well suited to take many impacts from the road over their service life. The attach to the vehicle via the wheel hub lug studs or wheel bolts, and provide a solid surface that may be reliably acted upon by acceleration and braking force.
What are Wheels for?
Of course, wheels carry the weight of the vehicle, offer a mounting point for the tires, and keep the wheel and tire assembly in proper balance, but they are also indirectly responsible for acceleration and braking of the vehicle. As the drive axles turn the wheel hubs, the wheels are forced to turn because the lug studs or wheel bolts are mounted directly to the hub. This means the wheel must be of considerably strong design in order to transfer full power of the engine to the tire, and ultimately the road. Also, the brake rotors or brake drums are secured to the wheel hub by clamping force from the wheel. This means that when the brakes are applied, the extreme heat from the brakes and the extreme pressure of slowing the weight of a vehicle is placed directly on the wheel. Finally, the wheels must be strong enough to withstand lateral pressures which are greater than the weight of the vehicle, and still maintain their shape.For maintaining balance, after the tires are mounted to the wheel, the wheels are balanced by strategically placing weights on the wheel to ensure the wheel is statically and dynamically balanced.
What are the symptoms of a bad Wheel?
Wheels offer very few symptoms, but these symptoms should never be ignored. Visible cracks on the wheels may appear, especially after hitting a large bump, Most often, this will also be accompanied by loss of air from the tire on that wheel. Also, vibration in the steering wheel is very common when the tire is out of balance, and improper wheel nuts or bolts can cause creaking and popping noises to develop. Again, there are very few symptoms, but they should not be ignored.
Can I drive with a bad Wheel?
A damaged wheel cannot wait. Once a wheel is bent, cracked, or otherwise unsuitable for driving, it has become a safety risk and should be replaced. In the case of creaking and popping from the wheel nuts or wheel bolts, these fasteners should also be replaced immediately, as the wheel is being allowed to shift on the wheel hub. Finally, a wheel in need of balancing is not a safety hazard, but balancing will make the drive much more comfortable.
How often do Wheels need replacement?
Wheels are replaced for two reasons: damage and cosmetic appeal. There is no other reason to replace a wheel, and neither of these two purposes are dependent on mileage. In general, wheels will be replaced after a collision or hitting a pothole. In order to avoid premature replacement, avoid driving at speeds which inhibit reaction time, and avoid potholes when possible.
How are Wheel issues diagnosed?
When a wheel is suspected of failure, the damage is normally obvious and perceptible to the human eye. In some cases, the wheel may have a crack that allows the wheel to leak, and this will be diagnosed by spraying a solution on the wheel and watching for bubbles, or magnafluxing the wheel. Other times, the wheel may look straight and true, but will not be able to be balanced on a high speed or road force balancing machine.
How are Wheels replaced?
Replacing a wheel requires the vehicle to be lifted and the wheel removed from the vehicle by removing the wheel nuts or bolts. Once removed, the tire valve stem schrader valve is removed to deflate the tire. Then, the tire will be crushed on both sides to break the seal between the tire and wheel, and a tire mounting machine will be used to remove the lubricated tire while rotating the wheel. The new wheel is lubricated as well, and the new tire is pushed on by hand, then the other side is rolled onto the wheel. High pressure air is blown into the tire before a new schrader valve is installed into the new valve stem, and the tire is aired up to specification. Finally, the wheel and tire assembly will be balanced, mounted, torqued to specifications, and the vehicle will be test driven.
RepairPal Recommendations for Wheel issues
We recommend contacting a professional when considering replacing tires with a larger size. Many tire and wheel combinations can be put together to ensure the circumference of the tire is the same as factory, but mounting larger or smaller tires will result in improper speedometer readings. Modification to the transmission speedometer gear drive or software may be necessary to accommodate wheel size changes.
What to look out for when dealing with Wheel issues
Oversized and custom wheels may require a custom wheel shop to remove tires, mount tires, or balance. This is because typical equipment is only meant to service factory sized wheels, which typically stops at 24-26 inches in diameter. Two and three piece wheels can be dangerous to service, and many facilities will refuse to replace tires or balance them.
Can I replace the Wheel myself?
Wheel replacement is easy, but putting a tire on a wheel requires a tire mounting machine. When replacing a wheel with a tire pre-installed, ensure the lug nuts or wheel bolts are proper for that wheel and vehicle, and that the wheel bolt pattern is correct to the pattern on the wheel hub. Lastly, lifting and supporting the vehicle, even if brief, should be done with a proper jack and jack stand.
- Repair shops in Sterling, VA
- Repair shops in Dulles, VA
- Repair shops in Leesburg, VA
- Repair shops in Herndon, VA


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The Prime Minister has assured Francois Hollande, the French president, that he "fully" supports his government's attempt to oust Islamist militants in the north African state.
Mr Cameron's official spokesman indicated that the UK could now send more military assets to Mali.
The RAF has already provided two heavy-lift C17 transport planes and a Sentinel surveillance aircraft to assist France's operation, and National Security Adviser Sir Kim Darroch was today in Paris to discuss what further help may be offered.
Mr Cameron has said the UK is ready to offer logistical, intelligence and surveillance help to France, as well as troops for a proposed EU mission to train the Malian army - although he has ruled out a combat role for British personnel.
The Prime Minister made the pledge to Mr Hollande during a phone call last night.
"The French president gave an update on the progress that French and Malian forces have been making and also thanked the Prime Minister for the UK transport assistance," the Prime Minister's official spokesman said.
"The Prime Minister made clear that we fully support the French government's actions, working with the Malian government at their request, to deny terrorists a safe haven in Mali.
"The Prime Minister went on to explain that we are keen to continue to provide further assistance where we can, and depending on what French requirements there may be.
"The UK National Security Adviser is in Paris today for discussions with French authorities on what further assistance we may be able to provide to them with regard to Mali."
Downing Street reiterated that no UK troops will be put into a combat role in Mali.
It is understood that French-led troops have seized the airport in Timbuktu, according to officials.
The troops encountered no resistance as they headed towards the city, where a building housing ancient manuscripts has reportedly been set on fire.
The airport has been under the control of the militants for nearly a year.
"We control the airport at Timbuktu," a senior Malian army officer told AFP. "We did not encounter any resistance."


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We talk to John Barnes, Managing Director of The Barnes Group Advisors, about his career in material science, aerospace engineering, and additive manufacturing.
John started his career in materials research working on single crystal casting for rotating equipment. He later spent time almost nine years at Lockheed Martin Skunk Works before moving upstream into titanium powder production and metal additive manufacturing at CSIRO and RTI/Alcoa/Arconic. At The Barnes Group Advisors, he works with manufacturers on problems related to additive manufacturing.
- A good, quick explainer of why single crystal casting is used for turbine blades.
- Skunk Works, Ben Rich's memoir about Lockheed Martin's infamous advanced projects division.
- Details + pictures of the EBM'd heel implant that John worked on at CSIRO.
- An extended piece on tech in Australia which includes a bunch of details on John's role at CSIRO.
- John on the C-130 as a model for innovation.
- John's thoughts on what the next five years of 3D printing will look like.