text:
$ ./configure --prefix=${HOME}/tcq-tools
$ make
$ make test
$ make install
$ ./configure --prefix=${HOME}/tcq-tools
$ make
$ make check
$ make install
$ ./configure-tcq
$ make
$ make install
initdb initializes the data directories, the shared catalogs and performs other administrivia like, locale and character set encoding. As an alternative to the -D option, you can set PGDATA to point to the data directory on the file system. By passing it the --no-locale flag, initdb inherits the locale from it's environment.
$ initdb --no-locale -D ${PGDATA}
createdb creates a new PostgreSQL database. pg_ctl start|stop|restart are commands used to start/stop or restart a PostgreSQL server. logfile-name specifies the file to which all status messages are logged.
$ pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -l <logfile-name>
$ createdb ${DBNAME}
$ pg_ctl stop -D ${PGDATA} -l <logfile-name>
pg_ctl passes all the options within the -o flag to the postmaster, which is the PostgreSQL multi-user database server.
$ pg_ctl start -D ${PGDATA} -l logfile-name -o " -t database-name -u \
user-name -G -i -Q 64 -d 1"
psql is an interactive client to PostgreSQL. It allows you to pose queries and see the results.
$ psql -C database-name
tcqtime is the default timestamp column which obeys the TIMESTAMPCOLUMN constraint. It specifies the creation time of a tuple, which are assumed to be monotonically increasing. Tuples entering TelegraphCQ can either be externally time-stamped, or time-stamped by the data source. If they're time-stamped by a TelegraphCQ data source like the CSV Wrapper, they will be in monotonically increasing order.
Welcome to psql 0.2, the PostgreSQL interactive terminal.
Type: \copyright for distribution terms
\h for help with SQL commands
\? for help on internal slash commands
\g or terminate with semicolon to execute query
\q to quit
starting in CQ Query mode. All queries will be submitted using cursors.
sample=# CREATE SCHEMA traffic;
sample=# CREATE STREAM traffic.measurements (stationid INT,
speed REAL,
tcqtime TIMESTAMP TIMESTAMPCOLUMN
Wrappers are user-defined data acquistion functions in TelegraphCQ. ALTER STREAM associates the stream with a CSV wrapper. A CSV wrapper, that can handle input in the Comma Separated Value file format, comes bundled with TelegraphCQ.
sample=# ALTER STREAM traffic.measurements ADD WRAPPER csvwrapper;
The window clause [RANGE BY ... SLIDE BY ... START AT ...] defines a window over potentially infinite input data stream, thereby placing a bound on it and enabling us to return results without waiting for the entire data stream to be processed. The RANGE parameter defines the size of the window in number of seconds, and the SLIDE parameter defines the interval after which this window will be re-calculated, again in number of seconds. The START AT parameter defines the time at which the first window begins.
sample=# SELECT dst, COUNT(*), wtime(*) AS c FROM network.tcpdump AS st
[RANGE BY '5 seconds' SLIDE BY '1 second' START AT '2003-06-06 18:50:20']
GROUP BY dst;
tcpdump.log is a CSV file containing a dump of TCP message headers, produced by the UNIX command tcpdump, a snippet of which is given below:
$ cat tcpdump.log | source.pl localhost 5533 csvwrapper,network.tcpdump
source.pl is a Perl script connects and feeds data to the wrapper clearinghouse, which is a dedicated process that listens to connection requests from new data sources. By default, it listens on port 5533. In addition, we also specify the wrapper type and the schema of the stream we're providing input to. wtime is a special aggregate over windows which returns the latest timestamp of all tuples in that window. A snippet of the query result is given below:
dst | count | c
22.214.171.124/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:25
188.8.131.52/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:25
184.108.40.206/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:25
18.104.22.168/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:25
220.127.116.11/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:25
184.108.40.206/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:26
18.104.22.168/32 | 1 | 2003-06-06 18:50:26
R.i, R.j, count(*)
R [RANGE BY 't1 seconds' SLIDE BY 't2 seconds'],
S [RANGE BY 't3 seconds' SLIDE BY 't4 seconds']
R.k = S.k
R.i, R.j
R.j > C;
StreamOne AS
SELECT R.i, sum(R.j) as sum, wtime(*)
FROM R [RANGE BY 't1 seconds' SLIDE BY 't2 seconds']
StreamTwo AS
SELECT S.k, sum(S.l) as sum, wtime(*)
FROM S [RANGE BY 't3 seconds' SLIDE BY 't4 seconds']
(SELECT * FROM StreamOne S1, StreamTwo S2
WHERE S1.i = S2.k);
SUM(R.i), AVG(R.j), COUNT(*), wtime(*)
R [RANGE BY 't1 seconds' SLIDE BY 't2 seconds'];
|These represent single-table qualifications in the query. They are always of the form column OP constant. These filter modules will be merged together by the eddy to form a grouped filter which can evaluate filter predicates for multiple queries simultaneously.
|The building blocks for continuous query joins. A SteM holds tuples for a particular base relation or stream, and can be probed efficiently to find data tuples which match a probe tuple.
|Table or stream Scans
|These scans are used to obtain data from TelegraphCQ streams or regular PostgreSQL relations.


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We stopped by Mavrommatis, a Greek delicatessen near rue Mouffetard, and purchased a pack of chewing gum called Elma. It is made from mastic, a resin known to the people of the Eastern Mediterranean since Antiquity. It was the first natural chewing gum of the ancient world!
Flavored with mastic oil, the gum has a menthol-like, resinous flavor. It requires more effort to chew than your ordinary Chiclets.
47, rue Censier
75005 Paris
Tel.: 01.45.35.96.50
We participate in Wanderfood Wednesdays. Head over there to explore food from around the world!
Like our blog? Join us on Facebook!

subset: commoncrawl


text:
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We have located you in the region.Navigate to the view diary button to switch to a diary at this location.
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If you are trying to contact an organisation listed here please use the methods supplied by the organisation.Get Help Send an email enquiry to the My Community Directory support team or search the knowledge base about this website. Note that this will open in a new window


text:
Make a meme! Can you use coding to assess content knowledge?/
So I made my first video meme today. And learned about the circulatory system while doing it.
By any standards it was about the worst meme ever made (check it out below), but I had so many moments of learning during the process that I'm kind of proud of it.
Welcome to 'Creative Coding' on BrainPOP.com!
Developed with our partner Vidcode, Creative Coding invites students to show what they know about a topic through a variety of coding projects.
It enables students with little or no coding experience to succeed, while those with coding background can take their work to more sophisticated levels.
There are currently 4 different coding projects across 20 different topics available for free on BrainPOP - Meme, Doodle Augmented Reality, Stop Motion Animation, and Newscast.
Each project takes the learner on a journey through coding, but in the context of a curriculum subject.
There will be around 15-20 steps in the instruction panel in the project, and each line of code you add/edit will be reflected in the 'live' view. Take a look at the interface in this walk-through to see what I mean.
In Meme projects, students use JavaScript to embellish a short video with graphics and text. Students will discover that JavaScript is made up of objects that have properties and methods. They will:
- Program in JavaScript
- Apply knowledge of JavaScript objects
- Customise objects by changing their properties
- Position their memes using the coordinate plane (x-y grid)
- Apply their knowledge of a BrainPOP topic
My code
In my video meme I picked the video clip 'moby checking pulse' from the movie 'Circulatory systems' (rows 1-2).
Then I overlaid a 'heart' graphic (rows 4-8), followed by the words 'Moby makes my' (rows 10-15) and 'heart beat faster' (rows 17-22).
I positioned each element, changed colours/sizes, and made the heart a little transparent.
All through a coding language of which I had 0% knowledge.
I tried different things, and failed sometimes, but fixed my mistakes which felt great. There was some guess work on how to position things and how colours and transparencies would look.
But I never felt overwhelmed, nor less than curious about each step.
And I made something with code (go me!) and saved it to my projects folder. So as I get better at coding I can come back and improve my meme.
The value of aligning coding with content learning cannot be underestimated. As a teacher you can assess student subject knowledge, encourage creativity, and support student choice.
Before (and during) coding sessions, ask your students to conduct research using the various materials on BrainPOP and elsewhere, create a storyboard (in Make a Map perhaps?), and work collaboratively with their friends.
What are you waiting for? You could make the next hit meme!


text:
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text:
We're located on Woodhouse Lane, Holmbridge, Holmfirth. HD9 2QR. Just a 5 minute drive south of Holmfirth on Woodhead Road A6024. Take a left at the Stumble Inn pub (look out for the brown tourist sign) and follow the road to the top of the hill. You will see the main vineyard building from the road and the car park entrance is just beyond.
All guests should park in our carpark and not on the highway.


text:
70 years and 1 week
I've always been interesting in history and to learn from it and understand the world we are living in a little bit better. In the end of April I travelled to Normandie together with a journalist and did work about the D-day landings during the World War II. This became, by far, the most interesting work I've ever done. 70 years and 1 week ago the Allied invaded the German occupied France and it was the start of the end of the World War II. The photos below got featured recently in the Swedish newspaper Svenska Dagbladet.


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In its first announcement about the currency debacle last week, National Australia Bank gave the impression that its total exposure was about $180 million. But it did not actually commit to the number - and yesterday we discovered why.
Stripped of the numbing language spin doctors routinely deploy in times of stress, NAB's latest statement was an admission that its first statement was incomplete and, arguably, misleading.
The original $180 million loss estimate, now upgraded to $185 million, relates not to unauthorised trades, but to what the bank says are "fictitious" ones, booked on the bank's internal principal trading ledger.
Executives believe that the fictitious entries counter-balance other, genuine, loss-making foreign exchange bets that exceeded trading limits: bets NAB boss Frank Cicutto acknowledged yesterday would also generate losses.
Cicutto said in yesterday's statement there was only "a very low probability" that the losses would reach the total of $600 million speculated by the market, and executives say privately they doubt the original loss will double.
But the storm surrounding NAB can only intensify after the latest statement, which flags a higher cost to shareholders but once again does not define it, and which fails to repeat last week's claim that the losses were generated after the bank's September 30 balance date. If the losses extend into the year that has been audited, the affair will get messier.
NAB chairman Charles Allen said yesterday that the board would take "whatever action was necessary" to restore confidence in the banking group.
The buck stops with the boss, of course. But Cicutto is not yet a sitting duck. There are several operational reporting links between him and the trading desk that has generated the losses, and a separate management structure which oversees trading limits and other risk-control measures.
The risk-control unit is deliberately divorced from the day-to-day management function. It sits over all the divisions, and has been segregated from them "to ensure the independence necessary for prudent internal risk management, and to satisfy regulatory requirements", NAB says in its latest annual report.
Comments in the market that the current leadership team is responsible for the $4 billion HomeSide loss are also only partially correct.
Cicutto and his colleagues did not appreciate that the HomeSide mortgage-writing business was turning into a loss-making time bomb as US interest rates fell, and home owners refinanced at lower rates.
But that was mainly a sin of omission: the business was actually bought and embedded by Cicutto's predecessor, Don Argus. NAB's still-incomplete UK strategy is also an inherited problem, one compounded by the HomeSide loss.
As the phalanx of internal and external inquiries into the affair expand, the big question continues to be how the bank's systems responded after the trades occurred, not whether they could have been prevented.
As NAB implied yesterday when it said it would continue trading currency options, active currency trading is part and parcel of a big bank's business strategy - and a big part at that: trading in foreign exchange, fixed interest and derivatives markets generated $625 million of income for NAB in 2002-03, up from $563 million a year earlier.
Trading of that magnitude involves acceptance and management of risks, including that of rogue trades, which are inevitable in the finance industry.
The latest announcement does, however, add to the market's concerns about Cicutto and his team.
The time the bank is taking to work out exactly what its exposure to the currency losses is gives ammunition to those who argue that slow recognition of the extent of real and potential problems is a feature of the Cicutto regime.


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Together We Rock! Founder
John Draper, Founder of Together We Rock! believes that anything in life is possible and that each and every person can make a difference. Passionate about inclusion and accessibility for all, John celebrates the people who are quick to understand the message of Together We Rock! but, like all great leaders, will never give up on those who need a little more guidance. With a sharp wit, enthusiasm for learning and undying love for sharing a laugh over a couple of mint lattes, John's engaging personality and infectious energy are always quick to win over his audiences.
After graduating with a Journalism Diploma from Durham College, John continued to develop his writing skills during intern positions at Canadian financial and educational institutions. As a volunteer, John has served on the Canadian Committee for the United Nations Committee on the Rights of the Child, the Accessibility Advisory Group of a national financial institution, and
several American and Canadian university research initiatives related to inclusive education and augmentative communication. He is a member of the Board of Trade, as well as a writers' network, in his community.
John's efforts to promote accessibility and inclusion have earned him provincial and international recognition and awards, including the honour of being named an Alumnus of Distinction at the 2007 Durham College convocation ceremony.
With a legendary sense of direction, John turned off the road to becoming a restaurant critic (his combined love of food and writing was sure to equal success!) and carved the path to championing accessible and inclusive communities that would become known as Together We Rock!
Learn more about us!
Together We Rock! Team
The Together We Rock! Team is comprised of Learning and Leadership Consultants and Administrative Coordinators who love what we do. Connect with us. Our team will do our best to answer your questions and help you have a memorable experience with Together We Rock!


text: The coin was designed by James B. When purchasing "Random Dates" you can expect to receive dates and types of our choice, depending upon current stock on hand. This listing uses "Stock Images" The Stock Images used in this listing description are for reference only and indicate the quality of the item you will receive. You will not receive the exact item photographed.The actual item you will receive is guaranteed to be as described and depicted. Actual Gold Weight: 0.96750 oz. Powered by Solid Commerce The All-in-One Listing, Inventory & Order Management Solution. The item "US Gold $20 Liberty Head Double Eagle PCGS MS64 Random Date" is in sale since Friday, June 17, 2016. This item is in the category "Coins & Paper Money\Bullion\Gold\Coins".coin" and is located in Huntington Beach, California. This item can be shipped to United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Denmark, Romania, Czech republic, Finland, Hungary, Malta, Australia, Greece, Portugal, Cyprus, Japan, Sweden, Indonesia, Belgium, France, Hong Kong, Ireland, Netherlands, Poland, Spain, Germany, Austria, Singapore, Norway, Saudi arabia, United arab emirates, Bahrain, Malaysia, Colombia, Panama, Jamaica, Barbados, Bermuda, Brunei darussalam, Ecuador, French guiana, Guernsey, Gibraltar, Iceland, Jersey, Cayman islands, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Monaco, Macao, Martinique, Maldives, Oman, Peru, Paraguay.


text:
I want to begin a series of posts which will lay out for you, the reader, some suggestions that I have as to how we can begin to rebuild Anglicanism, from the ground up. This blog has been dedicated to exploring some of the historical issues associated with Anglican churchmanship; now I want to offer my ideas about how to solve some of the problems which have crept up over the past hundred years with little challenge, especially in the Protestant Episcopal Church.
I compare our Church to a crumbling house, one that is imploding on itself. The question arises, what causes a building to fall? The answer I think of is that the foundation is not sturdy enough to hold the building up. I think this is exactly what has happened to our Church over the years. We have the problem as conservatives, especially, of claiming that liberals have misinterpreted Anglican theology but on what basis do we make that claim? Therein lies the problem, from my perspective, the theological and liturgical authority of the Book of Common Prayer and the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion has been eroded over time, since the Oxford Movement, so that now they are ignored by clergy and unknown to many laity. This is simply unacceptable for a Church. What other Church ignores her foundation? Most people know the Episcopal Church as being "Catholic lite" that is only because we have willfully ignored our own tradition to the extent that no one knows what our Church is really all about, except, perhaps, somewhat of a liturgical appreciation society for disaffected Romans who dislike their own Church's marital discipline. My friends, this is simply unacceptable.
There is a theological authority in the Anglican tradition and that is found in several documents, which together make up what we call formularies. This word is not a commonplace word in contemporary English parlance, thus I will quote an excellent summation of the nature of formularies from an older Prayer Book Society article, "Anglican Formularies - Are Evangelicals really missing out?":
"Perhaps here is the right place to reflect for a moment on the word "Formulary", which is not a word in common usage, but an important word, nevertheless, as it has been used in serious Anglican discourse consistently since the sixteenth century. The Latin word, formularius (liber) [=a book of formulae], on which it is based, pointed to a collection of set forms or instructions for the performance or direction of a ceremony or an official duty. Thus a "formulary' within a national Church is a book which contains the set forms and rules of what the Church believes, teaches and confesses, the liturgy it uses, and the way it creates the ordained Ministry. In reforming itself in the sixteenth century, the Ecclesia Anglicana reformed its Formularies (those which had been in force in the medieval period) to create three new ones – The Book of Common Prayer, The Book of Ordination Services [Ordinal] and The Thirty-Nine Articles, along with a new edition of Canon Law. Under the authority of Scripture, these summed up and presented the standards, norms and means by which the reformed Church of England sought to be the national jurisdiction of the Catholic Church of God. These Formularies not only provided the way to worship and serve God daily but they also distinguished the Church of England from other jurisdictions in Scotland and Europe. Take away the Formularies and leave only the Bible and what you have is a Church without shape, form and substance for there are no common standards or guidelines to govern all the many parts and keep them together as one."
Peter Toon (I presume wrote this) adequately defines what a formulary is and I think presents it in a good contrast to a confession. This will serve to ease the objections of certain Churchmen to an allegiance to the Articles, for to them it stinks of Puritan confessionalism. While I would contend this definition of confessionalism, it is fine by my book to distinguish between formularies and confessions (for that reason they are called Articles). The formularies are not as exhaustive as other Protestant confessions and allow for that sense of comprehensiveness which is characteristic of our tradition. The article does a good job of pointing out that there are more than one source for the formularies: the Book of Common Prayer, the Ordinal, the Articles of Religion, and the Homilies (Toon doesn't mention them). Also, historical canons should be considered; the more important volume is the set of 1604, which were the canonical standards in England until the 20th century. I will treat each source separately to consider how its use would be benefitial for us.
The Book of Common Prayer
Arguably the most important document for Anglicans, I will not consider its history or contents here as this deserves its own time and space. The Book of Common Prayer is primarily a liturgical document meant to define and set boundaries to our public and private prayer. But as Anglicans we know that liturgy is shaped and shapes theology according to the principle of lex orandi, lex credendi. Therefore, the BCP is also a theological document for us. The BCP has important things to say about Baptism and Communion and other important theological matters. However, considering its liturgical purpose, the Prayer Book defines biblical worship by limiting our prayer to those things which are agreeable to Scripture.
The BCP should be reinstituted in our minds as the liturgical standard for Anglicanism. Let me be clear as to what I am not saying. I do not think that the solution for Anglicans is to begin using an edition of the classical BCP tomorrow, although I don't think that would hurt us. The real issue is to absorb the theology of the BCP first and then use its forms. I am not of the mind that adopting Elizabethan English will solve our theological problems for I know of many heretics who can read Elizabethan English. I think eventually the restoration of truly Common Prayer needs to be accomplished but I think that is a "phase two" aspect of Anglican restoration. The BCP in its traditional form requires a certain sense of decency lacking in modern circles which has to be acquired by abandoning all forms of Popery and newfangled pop religion.
The BCP limits us from these departures from historic Anglican practices such as Benediction of the Blessed Sacrament, Rosaries, Novenas, Purgatory, unreformed Masses, Requiems, "hymn sandwiches," conference-style worship, etc. all which are departures from our tradition.
The Ordinal
Nowadays the Ordinal is printed in the BCP but it used to be a separate booklet. It is primarily concerned with Ordination. The Ordinal keeps us in a godly frame of mind when thinking of the Christian ministry. The apostolic order requires the orders of bishops, priests, and deacons serving in ministry in Christ's Church. The Ordinal guards us against unorderly conduct in ordination such as to think we can ordain our own ministers as is the case in Nonconformist churches and also from the error of sacerdotalism common in Romanism and Eastern Orthodoxy. The classical Ordinal also guards us from the error of the ordination of women, which is a departure from apostolic order and witness.
The Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion
Arguably the least known of the formularies and often most ignored, deliberately. The Articles are meant to give a theological interpretation of the BCP and also address certain issues of the time in which they were written. In fact, this is one of the arguments against their applicability today. Many argue that they are a relic of the past, only drawn up to answer 16th century problems (tell that to an African primate!). While it is true that the Articles of Religion were written in response to sixteenth century problems, they still hold today as the authoritative, theological standard for Anglicanism. A similar line of argument could be used to justify liberal theology, was not the Nicene Creed a response to fourth century issues? It is important to note here that the 39 Articles do not necessitate Calvinism for the holder (although they do not preclude it). The Articles are subject to interpretation as are all written documents. The important thing here is to adopt interpretations which are faithful to the original text, which excludes fanciful interpretations such as that of Mr. Newman. At this point, I must point out some excellent commentaries on them, from differing theological stands. Griffith-Thomas offers the classic Reformed interpretation (Boultbee is a good alternative to him), Browne offers a classical High Church interpretation, Bicknell is one of the more popular editions but he was influenced heavily by Newman and I would discourage the use of his work without comparison with other works.
The Articles prohibit unbiblical theology such as works salvation, Purgatory, the Mass as a propitiatory sacrifice, seven sacraments, images, relics, invocation of saints, memorialism, consubstantiation, transubstantiation, Anabaptism, etc. However, they allow flexibility in areas such as soteriology (between Calvinism, Arminianism, Armyraldianism, etc.), eschatology (although classically amil/postmil), exact nature of baptism and Communion, (receptionism vs. dynamic virtualism), the exact nature of the eucharistic sacrifice (commemoration of a sacrifice vs. commemorative sacrifice, etc.), which shows the depth of theological comprehensiveness allowed by Anglicanism. The function of the Articles is to limit that comprehensiveness to an ecumenical and Protestant creedal orthodoxy.
The Homilies
I must be honest in that I do not know much about the Homilies. They were written to provide orthodox sermons for those priests who were not well educated enough to compose their own sermons. They generally elaborate on points made in the Articles. The most famous example is in the Article on Justification which refers to the Homily for further clarification.
The Canons of 1604
Although not a technical formulary in the classical sense, the 1604 Canons are a fascinating read and provide further clarity, generally of a liturgical and ceremonial matter. For instance, they interpret the Ornaments Rubric officially to mean a surplice at the least and a cope at the most as the officially-sanctioned vestments for Anglican priests. They define that every church must have a holy table, font, and be kept decently. They require communion three times a year (very frequent for that time) and much more. I think a thorough re-evaluation of our canons in relation to the 1604 edition should be considered.
I hope I have provided a case for the theological foundation of our Church, grounded upon Holy Scripture and our formularies.


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a few of our family's Favorites
For Beauty:
Frankincense + Lavender + Cedarwood on my face
Tea Tree + Peppermint in my shampoo
Rosemary + Tea Tree + Cedarwood + Peppermint on my scalp + hair
Lavender Body Lotion
For Emotional Support:
Stress Away + Joy in the diffuser
Valor + Peace & Calming on my wrists / over my heart
Progessence Plus on the back of my neck (hormones)
Frankincense to diffuse or wear
For Wellness:
Peppermint Vitality + Thieves Vitality + Lemon Vitality in my water
DiGize Vitality over my stomach after meals
Frankincense Vitality + Cypress in warm water (to support flow - ladies)
PanAway + Wintergreen on sore muscles / cramps
+ whatever iTOVi scans us for!
My Husband's Picks:
Shutran on wrists
En-R-Gee + Brain Power on wrists, temples when studying
RC under nose to help open the airway
In Our Home:
Thieves Household Cleaner (for everything!!!)
Thieves Laundry Soap
Thieves Hand Soap (we make our own using Thieves + Lemon + Castile Soap when needed)
For Kids:
Cedarwood + Orange or Lavender for sleep support
Gentle Baby on the back of their necks / in the diffuser every night!
Lavender for owies
Peace + Calming in the diffuser + over heart for crankiness + high energy
In The Kitchen:
Rosemary Vitality + Fennel Vitality + Black Pepper Vitality in a spicy Italian sausage soup
Lemon Vitality + Peppermint Vitality in our water
Orange Vitality + Grapefruit Vitality in festive backyard drinks for the whole family
Purification + Lemongrass Vitality in the diffuser (especially after cooking fish!) to cleanse the air


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Rancho Cordova Bicycle Accident Lawyer
Looking for a bicycle accident lawyer in Rancho Cordova?
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Biking in Rancho Cordova
There are many people who enjoy the outdoors by getting out on a bicycle, and you can find bikes anywhere here just like anywhere else in California. Some bikers mostly use the City of Rancho Cordova's bicycle network. The network includes class I bike paths, class II bike lanes, and class III bike routes. The bike lanes connect various parks and recreational areas, and also connect to the American River Bike Trail.
The bike lanes are alongside roads such as Folsom Blvd, Douglas Rd, Coloma Rd, Routier Rd, Old Placerville Rd, International Drive, and more. A complete list of these bikeways is available here.
Most drivers are aware of sharing roads and lanes with cyclists, but when they are negligent or reckless and it leads to a collision with a person on a bike, the resulting injuries can be severe.
Injuries resulting from bicycle accidents
A person on a bicycle does not have the protection of a steel cage. In most cases, they also are wearing lightweight clothing, so there is not even that layer of protection. This leads to serious injuries, and in far-too-many cases, fatalities. Some of the most common types of injuries include:
- Concussions and traumatic brain injuries (TBIs);
- Fractures or broken bones, including painful and slow-healing breaks to arm and leg bones;
- Severe spinal injuries, leading to paraplegia or quadriplegia;
- Severe abrasions from contact with the road or sidewalk surface, often referred to as "road rash"; and
- Injuries to internal organs.
These injuries frequently require months, if not years, of continuing treatment and rehabilitation. Many bicycle accident victims are no longer able to work in the career they pursued before the accident. This means that there are bills that they cannot pay, without even factoring in the medical and other costs associated with the accident. Further, a person no longer may be able to enjoy the life that he or she led before the accident. There must be some recognition of this pain and suffering. At the Edward A Smith Law Offices, we are committed to getting the results that our clients need to move forward with their lives. We also are passionate about holding the responsible parties accountable for the harm that they caused.
There are many different types of bicycle accident, but some of the ones that we encounter most often include:
- A driver who negligently opens a door into the path of an oncoming bicyclist;
- A vehicle turns left in front of a bicyclist proceeding straight through the intersection – In many of these cases, the driver was not paying sufficient and simply did not see the bicyclist or thought that he or she could complete the turn before the bike got through the intersection;
- Backing into the roadway – As with any time a vehicle backs up, the driver must take care to ensure that the path is clear. This is particularly important with a bicyclist who might be hard to see;
- Merging into the path of a bicyclist – Bicyclists often are less visible and a driver may not see the bike until he or she has moved into another lane and impacted the bike and rider;
- Unsafe passing – A driver of a motorized vehicle must provide ample space when passing a bicyclist, but people often are reckless in these situations, traveling too close and at high rates of speed. These types of collisions regularly lead to devastating injuries and fatalities on the roads throughout Rancho Cordova and the surrounding areas; and
- Unsafe road conditions – When a municipality does not maintain the roads and allows hazards such as potholes, debris, and protrusions to make the roadway a dangerous place, it can lead to serious bicycle accidents.
Bicycle accidents can cause extensive physical and emotional trauma. It is important to take care of yourself or a family member. Ed Smith and his dedicated team of Rancho Cordova Bicycle Accident Attorneys can pursue legal options while you focus on recovering from your injuries.


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What surgeries can correct hearing loss?What surgeries can correct hearing loss?
Nearly 48 million Americans have some type of hearing loss that affects the communication, relationships, health and even the careers of those who have it. If you have hearing loss, you might wonder if there are surgeries that can restore your lost hearing. The short answer is: it depends. There are ear surgeries to restore hearing if you have certain types of hearing loss. Only a small percentage of people with hearing loss are good candidates for surgery.
Surgery for sensorineural hearing loss
If you've been diagnosed with sensorineural hearing loss, you're in good company. Also sometimes called "nerve deafness," this is the most common type of hearing loss affecting adults, and it can occur for a variety of reasons -- old age (presbycusis), exposure to sudden or persistently loud noise, disease and infections, head or acoustic trauma, tumors or medications.
Sensorineural hearing loss means the hair cells of the inner ear or the nerve pathways that connect the inner ear to the brain have been damaged. These hair cells, located in the cochlea, are responsible for translating the noise your outer ear collects into electrical impulses and then sending them along the auditory nerve for the brain to interpret as recognizable sound.
Sensorineural hearing loss is permanent. No surgery can repair damage to the sensory hair cells themselves, but there is a surgery that can bypass the damaged cells.
Cochlear implants
Adults and children with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss may be able to have partial hearing restored with a cochlear implant. Unlike a traditional hearing aid which amplifies sound, a cochlear implant bypasses the damaged part of the auditory system to directly stimulate the auditory nerve.
The two main components of a cochlear implant include:
Cochlear implant surgery is usually performed on an outpatient basis once a thorough evaluation of the individual's health has been completed. This includes an examination of the ear and its anatomy, the auditory system and an overall physical examination to determine patient health. Most surgeons will not perform a cochlear implant surgery unless the patient has tried hearing aids without success. Because this surgery is highly invasive, it is reserved for only the most severely hearing impaired patients.
Implantable hearing aids
Hearing aids have come a long way in the last ten years and one of the options currently available to those diagnosed with mild to moderately-severe sensorineural hearing loss may be the extended wear Lyric hearing aid, manufactured by Phonak.
The device can be worn up to several months at a time. Because it's located so close to your eardrum, users say they experience more natural sound. The water resistant device, inserted and programed by a certified Lyric provider, can be worn while showering and exercise.
A word of caution, though. The Lyric is not suitable for everyone. Those with small ear canals or with severe to profound hearing loss may not benefit from this technology. And while the Lyric is water resistant, it is not waterproof -- meaning it is not suitable to wear when swimming or diving. Additionally, because the entire device is replaced six to eight times a year, the cost of this option is more expensive than traditional hearing aids.
Surgery for conductive hearing loss
Conductive hearing loss occurs when there is an obstruction or damage to the outer or middle ear that prevents sound from being conducted to the inner ear. Conductive hearing loss may be temporary or permanent, depending on the cause and sometimes, medical or surgical intervention can restore hearing.
PE tubes
If your child or grandchild has ever had an ear infection, then you know how agonizing this condition can be. According to the American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, every child has at least one ear infection by the age of five. Although this condition usually clears on its own without causing permanent damage, some children have chronic episodes that can lead to long-term hearing loss, poor school performance and behavior or speech problems.
In cases like these, the pediatrician may recommend surgery to insert small tubes, known as pressure equalization (PE) tubes. Also referred to as tympanostomy tubes, myringotomy tubes or ventilation tubes, these tiny cylinders are placed through the eardrum by an ear, nose and throat (ENT) surgeon in order to allow air into the middle ear. Short-term tubes usually fall out on their own within six to eighteen months, while long-term tubes stay in place longer and may need to be removed by the ENT.
While toddlers and young children are the most common recipients of PE tubes, they might also benefit adults who suffer from the same condition. In addition to correcting chronic ear infections, the surgery may also be recommended to correct hearing problems associated with malformed ear drums or Eustachian tube, Down Syndrome or cleft palate.
People with otosclerosis may benefit from having a stapedectomy, a surgical procedure which implants a prosthetic device designed to bypass abnormal hardening of the bone tissue in the middle ear.
Just as atherosclerosis causes hardening of the arteries, otosclerosis causes an abnormal hardening of the bone tissue in the middle ear. According to the National Institute of Deafness and Other Communication Disorders (NIDCD), this condition affects as many as three million Americans and typically happens when the stapes bone located in the middle ear becomes stuck in place. When this occurs, the bone is unable to vibrate and send sound through the ear, resulting in impaired hearing.
There are three types of otosclerosis:
Symptoms of otosclerosis include progressive hearing loss, dizziness and tinnitus.
Hearing loss surgery is not for everyone
Hopefully, in the not-so-distant future, people with hearing loss will have more options for restoring lost hearing. Currently, surgeries for hearing loss can only correct very specific losses while people with the most common types still benefit the most from simply wearing hearing aids. Today's devices are sleek, discreet and technologically advanced. Best of all? No invasive surgery required! If you have hearing loss, see a hearing healthcare professional near you for regular hearing evaluations. If your hearing loss can be treated by wearing hearing aids, don't delay. Work with your professional to find the right hearing aid solution for your lifestyle and budget. The sooner you are hearing your best, the happier and healthier you will be.


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USaveAuto.co.uk is a website dedicated to car owners all over the world. Our team of car experts will publish content that prospective and current car owners will love. Each article will contain discussions that will really help our readers in the real world.
Our audience will be treated to the latest updates on the best car deals in your area. From the car to the dealership, we will cover every aspect of the industry. The opinion-based articles can be a great resource if you want to buy/sell your car.
Aside from that we will help you learn more about auto parts and services. Topics will cover anything from the function of specific auto parts, where to buy them, and how to know if the car service you're getting is top notch. We aim to raise consumer awareness with regards to these things.


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Bill Richardson leaves Cuba without U.S. subcontractor Alan Gross
Former New Mexico Gov. Bill Richardson, in a stunning setback, says he will leave Cuba on Wednesday without even meeting seeing a U.S. government subcontractor jailed in Havana for nearly 22 months.
Miami Democrat Joe Garcia, a longtime Richardson friend, said the Cuban government's refusal to allow the meeting, after inviting the former governor to the island, reflects a serious split within the country's ruling class.
"Perhaps the Cuban government has decided it does not want to improve relations" with Washington, Richardson was quoted saying at a news conference in Havana on Tuesday. "Perhaps that is the message it is sending."
Cuba's rejection of the meeting was clearly a setback for efforts to warm relations between Havana and Washington, which has called for subcontractor Alan P. Gross to be freed on humanitarian grounds.
Richardson landed in Havana Sept. 7 amid reports that Cuba had "invited" him, which sparked hopes that the 62-year-old Gross would be freed and sent home to Potomac, Md., when Richardson left.
Yet, Foreign Minister Bruno Rodriguez told him that he would not be allowed to meet with Gross, Richardson said. He pushed his case during meetings with Catholic Cardinal Jaime Ortega and others and even vowed to remain in Havana until he met Gross.
"I have been here a week and tried through all means — with religious institutions, diplomats from other countries, all kinds of efforts — and I see that this isn't going to change," he was quoted as saying Tuesday.
The former U.S. presidential hopeful and United Nations ambassador, who has won the release of several U.S. citizens around the world and visited Cuba several times, said he would leave Wednesday.
Cuba's rejection of the meeting raised questions about Richardson's invitation to visit Havana.
One Washington Post report called the Cuban rejection an "extraordinary snub." And an activist for improved U.S.-Cuba relations wrote a column asking if Richardson had "misplayed his hand."
Joe Garcia said he did not know the details of the invitation but that Richardson had asked Cuban officials for a visa and made it clear that he would seek Gross' freedom during the visit.
"Cuba is not a place where you invite yourself, and Bill Richardson is not a guy who just shows up. He wasn't volunteering for the sugar harvest," Garcia said. "He's one of the most experienced foreign policy figures in the world."
"There are obviously people inside Cuba who don't want things to change," he told El Nuevo Herald, noting that the Obama administration cannot move to improve relations with the island unless Gross is freed.
To read the complete article, visit www.miamiherald.com.


text: You just never know what you will find while out for a walk. I started to notice how much furniture is abandoned out on the streets of Boston. With little effort you could furnish your apartment. But there is some strange sad feeling that comes up for me when I see furniture out on the street. I am not sure if it is because it feels like we are providing furniture for the homeless who sleep on park benches or under cardboard boxes in alleys and doorways. Or something else. I just know I always feel compelled to photograph these furnishings. If I figure out why I will let you know.


text: Pope Francis Says... Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps April 05, 2013 Don't be a palmist! Be a psalmist! Get link Facebook Twitter Pinterest Email Other Apps Comments Jonathan said… You made me nostalgic for the preacher on Oxford Street in London. It was great to read the Pope saying, "In order to solve their problems many people resort to fortune tellers and tarot cards. But only Jesus saves, and we must bear witness to this! He is the only one."You could replace 'fortune tellers and tarot cards' with 'Islam' or 'Judaism' and it would still be true. Sadly I don't think the Pope will be so clear in his dialogue with other religions. 10 April 2013 at 22:02 Post a Comment


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Occupying a site just east of the Roman Forum, its construction started between 70 and 72 AD under the emperor Vespasian and was completed in 80 AD under Titus, with further modifications being made during Domitian's reign (81–96).The name "Amphitheatrum Flavium" derives from both Vespasian's and Titus's family name (Flavius, from the gens Flavia).
Capable of seating 50,000 spectators,the Colosseum was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles. As well as the gladiatorial games, other public spectacles were held there, such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.
It has been estimated that about 500,000 people and over a million wild animals died in the Colosseum games.
The Colosseum remained in service for four and a half centuries; there is evidence of many changes, additions and repairs. Once, in 217, the upper floors went on fire because of a thunderbolt, and for five years the shows were held at the circus. There also were many earthquakes (in 442 and 470, 847). The last gladiatorial combat is recorded in 404, and the last hunt in 523. Gradually the taste of the public had changed, but the main reason for the end of the games was the military and financial crisis of the western part of the empire, together with the many invasions Italy suffered. Nobody could bear anymore the colossal expenses needed to organize the shows, and this made the function of the building obsolete. Perhaps some venatio was held until the end of the VII century (Gentili), but in the VIII-IX centuries the amphitheatre was completely abandoned.
The Colosseum is also depicted on the Italian version of the five-cent euro coin.
The Colosseum's original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as Flavian Amphitheater. The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, hence its original name, after the reign of Emperor Nero.This name is still used in modern English, but generally the structure is better known as the Colosseum. In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name Amphitheatrum Caesareum; this name could have been strictly poetic.This name was not exclusive to the Colosseum; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli).
The name Colosseum has long been believed to be derived from a colossal statue of Nero nearby.This statue was later remodeled by Nero's successors into the likeness of Helios (Sol) or Apollo, the sun god, by adding the appropriate solar crown. Nero's head was also replaced several times with the heads of succeeding emperors. Despite its pagan links, the statue remained standing well into the medieval era and was credited with magical powers. It came to be seen as an iconic symbol of the permanence of Rome.
In the 8th century, the Venerable Bede (c. 672–735) wrote a famous epigram celebrating the symbolic significance of the statue, Quandiu stabit coliseus, stabit et Roma; quando cadit coliseus, cadet et Roma; quando cadet Roma, cadet et mundus ("as long as the Colossus stands, so shall Rome; when the Colossus falls, Rome shall fall; when Rome falls, so falls the world"). This is often mistranslated to refer to the Colosseum rather than the Colossus (as in, for instance, Byron's poem Childe Harold's Pilgrimage). However, at the time that Bede wrote, the masculine noun coliseus was applied to the statue rather than to what was still known as the Flavian amphitheatre.
The Colossus did eventually fall, possibly being pulled down to reuse its bronze. By the year 1000 the name "Colosseum" had been coined to refer to the amphitheatre. The statue itself was largely forgotten and only its base survives, situated between the Colosseum and the nearby Temple of Venus and Roma.
The name was further corrupted to Coliseum during the Middle Ages. In Italy, the amphitheatre is still known as il Colosseo, and other Romance languages have come to use similar forms such as le Colisée (French), el Coliseo (Spanish) and o Coliseu (Portuguese).
Ancient Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian in around 70–72AD. The site chosen was a flat area on the floor of a low valley between the Caelian, Esquiline and Palatine Hills, through which a canalised stream ran. By the 2nd century BC the area was densely inhabited. It was devastated by the Great Fire of Rome in AD 64, following which Nero seized much of the area to add to his personal domain. He built the grandiose Domus Aurea on the site, in front of which he created an artificial lake surrounded by pavilions, gardens and porticoes. The existing Aqua Claudia aqueduct was extended to supply water to the area and the gigantic bronze Colossus of Nero was set up nearby at the entrance to the Domus Aurea.
Although the Colossus was preserved, much of the Domus Aurea was torn down. The lake was filled in and the land reused as the location for the new Flavian Amphitheatre. Gladiatorial schools and other support buildings were constructed nearby within the former grounds of the Domus Aurea. According to a reconstructed inscription found on the site, "the emperor Vespasian ordered this new amphitheatre to be erected from his general's share of the booty." This is thought to refer to the vast quantity of treasure seized by the Romans following their victory in the Great Jewish Revolt in 70AD. The Colosseum can be thus interpreted as a great triumphal monument built in the Roman tradition of celebrating great victories. Vespasian's decision to build the Colosseum on the site of Nero's lake can also be seen as a populist gesture of returning to the people an area of the city which Nero had appropriated for his own use. In contrast to many other amphitheatres, which were located on the outskirts of a city, the Colosseum was constructed in the city centre; in effect, placing it both literally and symbolically at the heart of Rome.
The Colosseum had been completed up to the third story by the time of Vespasian's death in 79. The top level was finished and the building inaugurated by his son, Titus, in 80. Dio Cassius recounts that over 9,000 wild animals were killed during the inaugural games of the amphitheatre. The building was remodelled further under Vespasian's younger son, the newly-designated Emperor Domitian, who constructed the hypogeum, a series of underground tunnels used to house animals and slaves. He also added a gallery to the top of the Colosseum to increase its seating capacity.
In 217, the Colosseum was badly damaged by a major fire (caused by lightning, according to Dio Cassius) which destroyed the wooden upper levels of the amphitheatre's interior. It was not fully repaired until about 240 and underwent further repairs in 250 or 252 and again in 320. An inscription records the restoration of various parts of the Colosseum under Theodosius II and Valentinian III (reigned 425–450), possibly to repair damage caused by a major earthquake in 443; more work followed in 484 and 508. The arena continued to be used for contests well into the 6th century, with gladiatorial fights last mentioned around 435. Animal hunts continued until at least 523.
During the 16th and 17th century, Church officials sought a productive role for the vast derelict hulk of the Colosseum. Pope Sixtus V (1585–1590) planned to turn the building into a wool factory to provide employment for Rome's prostitutes, though this proposal fell through with his premature death. In 1671 Cardinal Altieri authorized its use for bullfights; a public outcry caused the idea to be hastily abandoned.
In 1749, Pope Benedict XIV endorsed as official Church policy the view that the Colosseum was a sacred site where early Christians had been martyred. He forbade the use of the Colosseum as a quarry and consecrated the building to the Passion of Christ and installed Stations of the Cross, declaring it sanctified by the blood of the Christian martyrs who perished there (see Christians and the Colosseum). However there is no historical evidence to support Benedict's claim, nor is there even any evidence that anyone prior to the 16th century suggested this might be the case; the Catholic Encyclopedia concludes that there are no historical grounds for the supposition. Later popes initiated various stabilization and restoration projects, removing the extensive vegetation which had overgrown the structure and threatened to damage it further. The façade was reinforced with triangular brick wedges in 1807 and 1827, and the interior was repaired in 1831, 1846 and in the 1930s. The arena substructure was partly excavated in 1810–1814 and 1874 and was fully exposed under Benito Mussolini in the 1930s.
The Colosseum is today one of Rome's most popular tourist attractions, receiving millions of visitors annually. The effects of pollution and general deterioration over time prompted a major restoration programme carried out between 1993 and 2000, at a cost of 40 billion Italian lire ($19.3m / €20.6m at 2000 prices). In recent years it has become a symbol of the international campaign against capital punishment, which was abolished in Italy in 1948. Several anti–death penalty demonstrations took place in front of the Colosseum in 2000. Since that time, as a gesture against the death penalty, the local authorities of Rome change the color of the Colosseum's night time illumination from white to gold whenever a person condemned to the death penalty anywhere in the world gets their sentence commuted or is released, or if a jurisdiction abolishes the death penalty. Most recently, the Colosseum was illuminated in gold when capital punishment was abolished in the American state of New Mexico in April 2009.
Due to the ruined state of the interior, it is impractical to use the Colosseum to host large events; only a few hundred spectators can be accommodated in temporary seating. However, much larger concerts have been held just outside, using the Colosseum as a backdrop. Performers who have played at the Colosseum in recent years have included Ray Charles (May 2002), Paul McCartney (May 2003), and Elton John (September 2005).
On July 7, 2007, the Colosseum was voted as one of New Open World Corporation's New Seven Wonders of the World.
Physical description
The outer wall is estimated to have required over 100,000 cubic meters (131,000 cu yd) of travertine stone which were set without mortar held together by 300 tons of iron clamps. However, it has suffered extensive damage over the centuries, with large segments having collapsed following earthquakes. The north side of the perimeter wall is still standing; the distinctive triangular brick wedges at each end are modern additions, having been constructed in the early 19th century to shore up the wall. The remainder of the present-day exterior of the Colosseum is in fact the original interior wall.
The surviving part of the outer wall's monumental façade comprises three stories of superimposed arcades surmounted by a podium on which stands a tall attic, both of which are pierced by windows interspersed at regular intervals. The arcades are framed by half-columns of the Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian orders, while the attic is decorated with Corinthian pilasters. Each of the arches in the second- and third-floor arcades framed statues, probably honoring divinities and other figures from Classical mythology.
Two hundred and forty mast corbels were positioned around the top of the attic. They originally supported a retractable awning, known as the velarium, that kept the sun and rain off spectators. This consisted of a canvas-covered, net-like structure made of ropes, with a hole in the center. It covered two-thirds of the arena, and sloped down towards the center to catch the wind and provide a breeze for the audience. Sailors, specially enlisted from the Roman naval headquarters at Misenum and housed in the nearby Castra Misenatium, were used to work the velarium.
The Colosseum's huge crowd capacity made it essential that the venue could be filled or evacuated quickly. Its architects adopted solutions very similar to those used in modern stadiums to deal with the same problem. The amphitheatre was ringed by eighty entrances at ground level, 76 of which were used by ordinary spectators. Each entrance and exit was numbered, as was each staircase. The northern main entrance was reserved for the Roman Emperor and his aides, whilst the other three axial entrances were most likely used by the elite. All four axial entrances were richly decorated with painted stucco reliefs, of which fragments survive. Many of the original outer entrances have disappeared with the collapse of the perimeter wall, but entrances XXIII (23) to LIV (54) still survive.
Spectators were given tickets in the form of numbered pottery shards, which directed them to the appropriate section and row. They accessed their seats via vomitoria (singular vomitorium), passageways that opened into a tier of seats from below or behind. These quickly dispersed people into their seats and, upon conclusion of the event or in an emergency evacuation, could permit their exit within only a few minutes. The name vomitoria derived from the Latin word for a rapid discharge, from which English derives the word vomit.
The tier above the senators, known as the maenianum primum, was occupied by the non-senatorial noble class or knights . The next level up, the maenianum secundum, was originally reserved for ordinary Roman citizens and was divided into two sections. The lower part (the immum) was for wealthy citizens, while the upper part (the summum) was for poor citizens. Specific sectors were provided for other social groups: for instance, boys with their tutors, soldiers on leave, foreign dignitaries, scribes, heralds, priests and so on. Stone (and later marble) seating was provided for the citizens and nobles, who presumably would have brought their own cushions with them. Inscriptions identified the areas reserved for specific groups.
Another level, the maenianum secundum in legneis, was added at the very top of the building during the reign of Domitian. This comprised a gallery for the common poor, slaves and women. It would have been either standing room only, or would have had very steep wooden benches. Some groups were banned altogether from the Colosseum, notably gravediggers, actors and former gladiators.
Each tier was divided into sections (maeniana) by curved passages and low walls (praecinctiones or baltei), and were subdivided into cunei, or wedges, by the steps and aisles from the vomitoria. Each row (gradus) of seats was numbered, permitting each individual seat to be exactly designated by its gradus, cuneus, and number.
Supporting buildings
The Colosseum and its activities supported a substantial industry in the area. In addition to the amphitheatre itself, many other buildings nearby were linked to the games. Immediately to the east is the remains of the Ludus Magnus, a training school for gladiators. This was connected to the Colosseum by an underground passage, to allow easy access for the gladiators. The Ludus Magnus had its own miniature training arena, which was itself a popular attraction for Roman spectators. Other training schools were in the same area, including the Ludus Matutinus (Morning School), where fighters of animals were trained, plus the Dacian and Gallic Schools.
Also nearby were the Armamentarium, comprising an armory to store weapons; the Summum Choragium, where machinery was stored; the Sanitarium, which had facilities to treat wounded gladiators; and the Spoliarium, where bodies of dead gladiators were stripped of their armor and disposed of.
Around the perimeter of the Colosseum, at a distance of 18 m (59 ft) from the perimeter, was a series of tall stone posts, with five remaining on the eastern side. Various explanations have been advanced for their presence; they may have been a religious boundary, or an outer boundary for ticket checks, or an anchor for the velarium or awning.
Right next to the Colosseum is also the Arch of Constantine.
The Colosseum was used to host gladiatorial shows as well as a variety of other events. The shows, called munera, were always given by private individuals rather than the state. They had a strong religious element but were also demonstration of power and family prestige, and were immensely popular with the population. Another popular type of show was the animal hunt, or venatio. This utilized a great variety of wild beasts, mainly imported from Africa and the Middle East, and included creatures such as rhinoceros, hippopotamuses, elephants, giraffes, aurochs, wisents, barbary lions, panthers, leopards, bears, caspian tigers, alligators, crocodiles and ostriches. Battles and hunts were often staged amid elaborate sets with movable trees and buildings. Such events were occasionally on a huge scale; Trajan is said to have celebrated his victories in Dacia in 107 with contests involving 11,000 animals and 10,000 gladiators over the course of 123 days.
During the early days of the Colosseum, ancient writers recorded that the building was used for naumachiae (more properly known as navalia proelia) or simulated sea battles. Accounts of the inaugural games held by Titus in AD 80 describe it being filled with water for a display of specially trained swimming horses and bulls. There is also an account of a re-enactment of a famous sea battle between the Corcyrean (Corfiot) Greeks and the Corinthians. This has been the subject of some debate among historians; although providing the water would not have been a problem, it is unclear how the arena could have been waterproofed, nor would there have been enough space in the arena for the warships to move around. It has been suggested that the reports either have the location wrong, or that the Colosseum originally featured a wide floodable channel down its central axis (which would later have been replaced by the hypogeum).
Sylvae or recreations of natural scenes were also held in the arena. Painters, technicians and architects would construct a simulation of a forest with real trees and bushes planted in the arena's floor. Animals would be introduced to populate the scene for the delight of the crowd. Such scenes might be used simply to display a natural environment for the urban population, or could otherwise be used as the backdrop for hunts or dramas depicting episodes from mythology. They were also occasionally used for executions in which the hero of the story — played by a condemned person — was killed in one of various gruesome but mythologically authentic ways, such as being mauled by beasts or burned to death.
The Colosseum today is now a major tourist attraction in Rome with thousands of tourists each year paying to view the interior arena, though entrance for EU citizens is partially subsidised, and under-18 and over-65 EU citizens' entrances are free. There is now a museum dedicated to Eros located in the upper floor of the outer wall of the building. Part of the arena floor has been re-floored.
The Colosseum is also the site of Roman Catholic ceremonies in the 20th and 21st centuries. For instance, Pope Benedict XVI leads the Stations of the Cross called the Scriptural Way of the Cross (which calls for more meditation) at the Colosseum on Good Fridays.
It appears to have been only in the 16th and 17th centuries that the Colosseum came to be regarded as a Christian site. Pope Pius V (1566-1572) is said to have recommended that pilgrims gather sand from the arena of the Colosseum to serve as a relic, on the grounds that it was impregnated with the blood of martyrs. This seems to have been a minority view until it was popularised nearly a century later by Fioravante Martinelli, who listed the Colosseum at the head of a list of places sacred to the martyrs in his 1653 book Roma ex ethnica sacra.
Martinelli's book evidently had an effect on public opinion; in response to Cardinal Altieri's proposal some years later to turn the Colosseum into a bullring, Carlo Tomassi published a pamphlet in protest against what he regarded as an act of desecration. The ensuing controversy persuaded Pope Clement X to close the Colosseum's external arcades and declare it a sanctuary, though quarrying continued for some time to come.
At the instance of St. Leonard of Port Maurice, Pope Benedict XIV (1740-1758) forbade the quarrying of the Colosseum and erected Stations of the Cross around the arena, which remained until February 1874. St. Benedict Joseph Labre spent the later years of his life within the walls of the Colosseum, living on alms, prior to his death in 1783. Several 19th century popes funded repair and restoration work on the Colosseum, and it still retains a Christian connection today. Crosses stand in several points around the arena and every Good Friday the Pope leads a Via Crucis procession to the amphitheatre.
The Colosseum has a wide and well-documented history of flora ever since Domenico Panaroli made the first catalogue of its plants in 1643. Since then, 684 species have been identified there. The peak was in 1855 (420 species). Attempts were made in 1871 to eradicate the vegetation, due to concerns over the damage that was being caused to the masonry, but much of it has returned. 242 species have been counted today and of the species first identified by Panaroli, 200 remain.
The variation of plants can be explained by the change of climate in Rome through the centuries. Additionally, bird migration, flower blooming, and the growth of Rome that caused the Colosseum to become embedded within the modern city centre rather than on the outskirts of the ancient city, as well as deliberate transport of species, are also contributing causes. One other romantic reason often given is their seeds being unwittingly transported on the animals brought there from all corners of the empire.


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I don't even know what to say. I literally have no words. Other than the sheer excitement of this actually being official has given me a migraine.
Rumours of this have been circulating the Internet since January, mainly through Gillian Anderson appearing on a Nerdist Podcast, urging fans to tweet #XFiles2015 to FOX to get their attention. To show that the fans wanted it to come back as much as Anderson, David Duchovny and the show's creator Chris Carter did. Which did work, with FOX announcing that they were thinking about bringing it back.
Then came the earlier than planned announcement today, and The X-Files fan base lost their collective minds. Including me.
The show is set to return for a 6-episode event-series (much like 24), with Duchovny and Anderson reprising their roles as Fox Mulder and Dana Scully, and is due to start filming this summer. Which seems unreal. I'm still processing all of this.
For a show, I grew up with and later fell in love with to be coming back is like a dream come true for me. To say I'm excited for this would be the understatement of the century.


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Although some superstitious traditions associate cats with evil, cats are simply normal animals that are neither good nor evil. Some cultures even believe that cats bring good fortune.
Many of the evil or mean behaviors people attribute to cats are ways that they try to communicate with people. In some ancient cultures, cats were worshiped as benevolent gods. Even black cats, which are associated with bad luck in the United States, are seen as good omens in other parts of the world. Their nocturnal behavior and ability to hide may be why other cultures associated them with evil and witchcraft. This superstition became especially prevalent during the Middle Ages.


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I might find it hard to live this down. My favourite film, a costume drama? A period romance? Jane Austen? With lead roles played by head-girl Emma Thompson and Hugh Grant in classic floppy-haired, shy-but-charming mode? What happened to Tarkovsky and Kiarostami? But I can't help it: I know Ang Lee's Sense and Sensibility is not challenging, I realise it has lots of bonnets, and that I should prefer Trainspotting, which came out in the same week early in 1996, but I'm extremely partial to this film.
One reason is the writing. Thompson spent five years wrestling with the screenplay, trying to stay tuned to Austen's dry wit but also making a modern entertainment out of an easy-to-dismiss, over-familiar, will-they-or-will-they romance. Apparently, at an advanced stage, her computer crashed and she couldn't retrieve the relevant file. A repairman couldn't help, so she took the computer in a cab to Stephen Fry, who – boffin that he is – managed to rescue it.
Well done, him: this is an exceptional screenplay, crisply and skilfully done. (It won an Oscar, remember.) Thompson plays fast and loose with Austen, cutting huge chunks out of the novel, adding whole scenes; a mere six or seven lines from the book actually make it into the film. The final result of all that work is an appealing half-parody of a style, catering to a 20th-century audience but not assuming that its members have been lobotomised (Downton Abbey, anyone?). And a story that keeps its force as a study of class and money and character, but aims mostly for sheer pleasure – and to be funny.
Thompson pretty much invented a whole character for the diffident hero, Edward Ferrars (Grant). Out of her head (not out of the novel, as many assumed) came the scenes in which he and Elinor Dashwood (played by Thompson herself) fall for each other in the house and grounds of Norland Park. She wrote the part specially for Grant, and it shows: he gets amusing lines, delivered in the stumbling, aren't-I-adorable way that was already becoming his trademark.
You either like this kind of oh-so-English thing, or you don't. I have to admit I do (is there something genetically wrong with me?), yet I can see what the reviewer in the Times meant when he wrote: "Grant's tongue-tied manner and physical bearing suggests someone stuffed. Hair tousled, he stands awkwardly … A taxidermist could not have done better." When Elinor teases her hopelessly romantic sister Marianne (Kate Winslet) about her instant infatuation with the dashing Willoughby (Greg Wise), the effect is some distance the right side of overdone; likewise the comedy of the despairing putdowns delivered by Hugh Laurie as Mr Palmer.
From the beginning, too, we are given an enjoyable villain: Harriet Walter as the tight-fisted, self-exalting Fanny Dashwood, who persuades her husband, John, on the death of his father, to give his half-sisters barely enough to live on. Soon she's moving into Norland, checking the silver, and making herself intolerable to the grieving women who are to be ousted. And then, almost instantly, we are given a hero: Fanny's brother, the stuffed Grant. So the plot begins to spool out enjoyably: Marianne and Willoughby, Elinor and Edward, Lucy Steele's secret, dramatic falls, deadly chills, ballroom faints and cancelled picnics.
Sense and Sensibility – the film – doesn't deny itself many stereotypes of the form, but it works in another crucial way. Just as the bleached, ordered look of it is restrained enough to ward off sentimentalism, so we genuinely come to believe in the depth of feeling dammed up behind the reserve and protocol. If you've seen the film, you'll remember the now-celebrated moment when Elinor discovers that Edward isn't, after all, married. Ang Lee made Thompson play the whole thing (or nearly) with her back to the camera, and Thompson had to persuade Grant it would be OK that she would cry through it all (or nearly all).
It gets me every time, even if it is perhaps marred by the moment when Elinor finally turns and smiles a too-radiant, too-cheesy, love-has-triumphed, tearful smile. The subsequent wedding scene is saved by the frozen image of the coins thrown up by the happy groom to be eagerly caught by the well-wishing crowd: from first to last, it was all about the cash.


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The elders, ministers and strategic leadership team have spent and continue to spend a lot of time dreaming about how we believe God wants to use Greenville Oaks to achieve our mission of seeking all who need Jesus and together becoming his fully devoted followers. We've prayed, brainstormed, and written, reviewed and rewritten many vision statements and then prayed some more.
In Luke 12:48, Jesus said, "From everyone who has been given much, much will be demanded; and from the one who has been entrusted with much, much more will be asked." God has richly blessed Greenville Oaks and He surely has high expectations for every one of us, individually and as a collective church body.
We truly believe God wants to build Greenville Oaks into a powerful yet humble group of Christ followers who will accomplish unbelievably amazing things for His Kingdom. But how do we capture a vision of what that looks like? What are we really willing to do to make it happen?
We plan to roll out a very clear and challenging vision in the fall, but first, here's your chance to contribute, to share your dreams.
Where do you see God leading us in the next five to 10 years?
What do you think our community needs? What could we do that no one else is doing?
What unique resources and capabilities do we have to offer?
What specific focus energizes and excites you?
What would bring the greatest glory to God?
So what's your dream? What's your vision for how God will use Greenville Oaks? Please pray about it, think about and share your vision by commenting right here.


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This Article Contains Major Spoilers for "Justice League" #23
Of all of the twists, revelations and bombshells dropped in today's "Justice League" #23, the final chapter in Geoff Johns' long-simmering "Trinity War" storyline, the part perhaps catching most readers' eyes is Ivan Reis and Joe Prado's interpretation of Jim Lee's teaser for the event. Looking back on the fold-out fight scene from DC Comics' 2012 Free Comic Book Day offering, it becomes clear that Johns has had a plan from the beginning to introduce Earth-3 and the Crime Syndicate into the New 52. At the time of the FCBD issue's release, there were a number of unknowns appearing in the teaser: Simon Baz hadn't debuted as the new Green Lantern, and several characters hadn't yet appeared in the New 52, as members of a Justice League or, in some cases -- Atom, Element Woman and Shazam! -- at all. In fact, readers had no clue that the Justice League of America, which included Green Arrow and introduced Vibe, would even be a part of the New 52, and many fans assumed JL Dark was a League in name only, not genuinely tied to DC's flagship team franchise.
While some details in the FCBD image certainly became clearer over the course of 2012 and into 2013 as the "Trinity War" storyline unfolded, nothing gave it more clarity than "Justice League" #23, which contained Reis and Prado's take on Lee's four-page spread. Although the structure of the image remains the same, with Superman smashing Green Lantern with a pillar as the main focus, there's far more going on here than originally teased. In many ways, this two-page spread is the true climax of "Trinity War," which is what makes the original image even more intriguing in retrospect, DC gave away nearly nothing by releasing the scene, but looking at it in context, it's filled with more information than we realized about the most game-changing event to date of the New 52, which shouldn't be a surprise given Johns' propensity for planting seeds in his stories far in advance of them taking root and blossoming.
Now, we know that even more characters were included in the battle than originally teased (and that Mera was actually Martian Manhunter in disguise), but what readers couldn't predict from the original image was the total betrayal on the part of the new Atom, who lodged a sliver of Kryptonite in Superman's brain, resulting in his physical deterioration and causing him to involuntarily kill Doctor Light. Even Pandora's Box ended up not being the focus of the issue's conclusion, becoming instead a MacGuffin that served as a means to the big revelation of the Crime Syndicate and launch of next month's "Forever Evil," the New 52's first line-wide crossover event.
Take a look at both versions of the scene below, and sound off in our forums about whether or not you saw the big reveal coming since FCBD!


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Edo State Bursary 2018 Application And how to apply
Edo State Bursary 2018 application is now ongoing. The sponsor is the ADAZE Relief association based in Canada, toronto . Promise EkpoI am Promise Ekpo, a Computer Engineer in the making, SEO Expert, Web designer and Digital Marketer. As a way of giving back, I … Continue Reading →


text: Princess Verwood 7 Posted September 19, 2011 I've been building for a while now and earlier this year me and a good friend decided to learn to make clothing. Now, I realize it is a large market already and competition is tough. We both have a large in world store as well as a marketplaces. While we make different style clothing, in my opinion they are equally great. She has done extremely well and I'm very proud of her. I on the other hand, me not so well. I understand that one of the things that could effect selling is how you advertise your products (pictures/ads). I feel I'm pretty ok with pictures and editing within the graphics program. I find that regardless I do not really sell any clothing. The clothing I do sell is some of my earlier items (that since making other things I'm less happy about). I've turned to making templates only because I hardly sell anything else. I realize that my prices are low for the clothing I make (as well as my friends), and from reading the forums many say that customers may think your items are cheap and it may turn them away. My prices have been affordable from the beginning and I'd hope to keep them that way. I guess sort of my thought starting out was quality clothing at affordable prices. My point is not to compare me and my friends shops but to point out the similarities and then differences we have when it comes to sales. I have tried finding ways to promote, advertise/market. To list a few, I've opened smaller shops in other sims, had a few items in a fashion show, rented billboards. I have my shop listed under classifieds with many keywords. I have all my items on the Marketplace and their keywords in the ads there almost all to the max text. I always get back to customers with issues within a day. I had my partner go out and try and spread word by word-of-mouth to new potential customers by offering a gift (he said that many seemed put off by being randomly contacted). I include a LM and a thank you note in all of my bags. I've also had many items on the Marketplace listing enhancements (which did not really help). Others that I have yet to try, but know of are searching for blogs to feature items or banner ads. I've spent some time on the forums searching for ways to market before posting, but was hoping to get other suggestions.My question is what are some good advertising/marketing strategies? Quote Share this post Link to post Share on other sites


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Last week when I was tidying up our storage unit, I was looking at the Christmas decor and realized I needed to get a tree now or come up with another plan for decorating the house. Don't get me wrong - I love having a tree and decorating it for the holidays. This year it just felt like so much was going on so I decided to get creative with what I had in my Christmas bin.
I've been on a kick lately where I really want to use up what I have, as much as possible, before adding another errand to my list and another thing to purchase. I find when I have some constraints, I'm often more creative because I'm working with less. As much as I love the scent of a Douglas Fir in my home, I thought this would be a good opportunity to make do with what I have while saving a little cash as well.
I give you my newest little time lapse, Spruce(r) Things, the Christmas Edition! In less than 20 minutes, I cleared off the wall in the living room to string up lights and hang my "Merry Christmas" sign and ornaments. Definitely transformed an ordinary wall into something more festive for the holidays. I opted for some pretty calligraphy letters for more of a holiday feel. My little decorating project was interesting enough that even Archie and Walt made brief cameos to scope out the scene!
I'd love to hear your Christmas decorating hacks or tips - let me know in the comments below!


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- No
- Yes
- 1
- No
- 6
- Relaxing
Holiday Accommodation & Location Details
Sycamore View is a large family size holiday lodge near Brough in Cumbria. The lodge is one of the accommodations at Augill Beck Park and is surrounded by the most beautiful Cumbria countryside. From the lodge park you can take some time out to explore the Lake District and due to the central location the Yorkshire Dales and Pennines are also within easy reach.
The Sycamore View lodge can sleep up to six people and has two bedrooms. There is a double bedroom with an en-suite shower with toilet and a twin bedroom. Additional sleeping for two is on the sofa bed in the lounge area. The lodge also comprises of a living room and has French doors leading through to the dining/kitchen area. There is also a bathroom with a shower over the bath and a toilet.
Please note there are five steps leading up to the entrance of the holiday lodge. Some of the other features of the lodge include gas central heating and the living room has an electric flame effect fire. Towels and bed linen are provided and there are three Freeview TVs and a DVD player. The accommodation is part of a collection of lodges which are set in 2 acres of shared grounds of which there is a play area, conservation pond and a stream running through.
Sycamore View lodge is also pet friendly and two dogs can stay in the accommodation. There are a range of holiday choices from weeks or more away, to short four night breaks and three night weekend getaways. Weekly prices to stay at Sycamore View lodge start at just £312 depending on when you are looking to take your holiday.
If you like to be close to amenities then Brough is only one mile from the lodge park and has plenty of shops, nice restaurants and great pubs. For more facilities there is Kirkby Stephen which is around five miles from Augill Beck Park lodges.Tags: Lodges in Cumbria, Lodges in England, Lodges in North of England


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What can I say about this beautiful family?! I have had the joy of knowing Aubrey for many years now (how is that even possible?) and documenting her growing family year after year. After our session together this year, I went back and looked through the images we've taken together. It has been amazing to watch as her darling baby boy has grown into a sweet kiddo and as they welcomed their beautiful baby girl into the world. For this year's session we met at the idyllic Wright Locke Farm on a beautiful fall morning. We wandered the property as the kids explored to their hearts content. It was a joy to help them celebrate another year together with photography. I'm so grateful for the clients and families who value the importance photography and ask me to help them document the meaningful moments of life together!! Enjoy some of my faves!!
Hybrid Session | 5dMarkIII & EOS-1V | Kodak Portra 800 | Processed by The Find Lab


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Patient Services
Internal Medicine of Arizona is proud to offer services in the following areas.
- Preventative Care
- Comprehensive Physical Examinations
- Corporate, Sports, Camp and School Physicals
- Treatment of long-term medical conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, lipid disorders, metabolic disorders and osteoporosis
- Treatment of minor injuries and short-term illnesses
- EKGs, treadmill exercise stress tests, pulmonary function tests, plain film X-Ray onsite, full service reference laboratory onsite.
- Well-Woman exams, including breast exams and pap smears
- Childhood and adult immunizations
- Pre Operative clearance exams and post operative care
IMA has a CLIA certified, comprehensive reference laboratory onsite for the convenience of our patients. See below for the tests performed at our facility.
- Complete Blood Count (CBC)
- Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP)*
- Lipid Panel (Total Choloesterol, LDL, HDL, Triglyceride)*
- Urine Analysis
- Vitamin D levels
- Testosterone Levels
- Iron Studies
- B-12 Levels
- Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate
- Highly Sensitive C – reactive protein
- Electrolytes
- Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA)
- Thyroid Function Tests- Thyroid Stimulation Hormone(TSH) & Free Thyroxine
- Glycated Hemoglobin for Diabetes Evaluation
- Protime / INR
- Vitamin D 25-OH
- Testosterone(Total) & Free T3
- Ferritin
- Iron & Iron Binding Capacity
- Occult Blood
If you are having tests performed that are followed by an asterisk* you will need to fast 8-hours prior to your appointment. Please click here to download pre-test instructions. You are to have nothing solid, but we encourage you to drink plenty of fluids (water, black coffee, plain tea). If you are taking medication please take your medications as directed.
IMA has an onsite Radiology facility with a full time Radiology Technician available during office hours to assist your physician with diagnosis when radiographic studies are deemed necessary. IMA contracts with Board Certified Radiologists to interpret and issue written reports on all of the x-rays taken at IMA.
IMA is equipped with updated cardiovascular diagnostic equipment, including electrocardiogram (EKG), ICG testing, and Treadmill Stress Testing equipment. Please click on Treadmill Stress Testing to download pre-test instructions.


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