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When you are in a car accident in Missouri, there is usually only one driver who is deemed at-fault and liable for paying for any resulting damages and injuries. But since Missouri is a modified at-fault state, there are times when more than just one driver can be found at fault or partially at fault for an accident. Missouri adheres to contributory fault laws.
Contributory Fault Laws - What They Mean
Contributory fault means that there are times when it isn't just one driver who is responsible and liable for an accident, but that both drivers played a part in it. For instance, if one driver was at a stop sign, they looked both ways and then pulled out in front of someone because they underestimated the time that they had, then they would be at fault for pulling out in front of someone.
However, if it is proven that the other car was going significantly over the speed limit, then the other driver might also be found partially negligent. Since the speeding car was also not following the rules of the road, they would be also be determined to be partially responsible. If the driver who pulled out couldn't gauge how much time they actually had because of the speeding, then it's likely that both drivers are to blame.
What Is Contributory Negligence?
Contributory negligence works by ascribing a certain percentage of fault to both drivers. It is easy, however, to see that there is no exact formula for assigning percentages to the drivers, so those percentages might feel arbitrary at best. And since there is no concrete way to say someone was exactly 10% or 20% to blame if you are in an accident where contributory negligence is a factor, it is often best to speak with an experienced attorney.
Usually, after an accident, the insurance companies are the ones who handle the logistics of paying for injuries and damages. If you have two companies arguing about the amount of fault that the drivers contributed, they will both want to limit their liability by claiming that the other driver has a greater share of the blame for the accident.
If you feel as if you are being ascribed more fault than you should be for your car accident, it is especially important to speak with an attorney. They can use things like police reports, insurance information, and eyewitness accounts to build a strong case for you and get you the compensation you are legally entitled to. Although it might be the duty of your insurance company to pay, the amount they pay might affect your premiums - or in some cases, if the accident was substantial enough and your policy limits are not enough to cover the injuries and damages, it might leave you paying out of pocket.
Since comparative fault isn't always clear-cut, if you feel as if you are taking on more of the blame than you should, it is a good idea to get an experienced car accident attorney involved to protect yourself. If you have been involved in a St. Louis car accident, call The Hoffmann Law Firm, L.L.C. 24/7 at (314) 361-4242 for FREE legal advice.


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Autumn Gear Guide
Find inspiration in our Gear Guide that will keep you out on your bike through wind or rain.Download Now
The National Brotherhood of Cyclists Conference 2015 encourages diversity in bike advocacy for a vision or a more equitable future.
"We are at the threshold of a movement that really could change the world," said Anthony Taylor, speaking of the recent groundswell of bicycle participation in Minneapolis, MN, and across the US. While impressive, this surge in everyday cycling still has yet to reach a 10 percent modal share in any city. Taylor, Vice President of the National Brotherhood of Cyclists (NBC) and a prominent advocate in the African-American cycling community, views this low modal share as a positive. To Taylor, it's a blank slate.
"When you look at the [[transportation]] movement that we had last time when it was about a commitment to cars, it definitely disproportionately affected African-American communities. This time, when we have this mode shift, this transportation change, and this change in the way that we design cities, we won't create policies that negatively impact any community based on race, gender, income."
Taylor's approach to bike advocacy is to acknowledge the historical policies and practices that impacted the communities he works with. The goal is to gain a better understanding of how those policies can be reversed. "All these people, all these communities, all these cities – they come with history," said Taylor. "The disproportionate crime, the disproportionate obesity, that makes you define the character of the community based on disparities, rather than saying the community that we're talking about was created, in some regards. When we look at a community, we don't look at it from a deficit and disparities, we look at it from, 'Well, how did we get here, and how do we use public policy to create change.'"
He looks at Detroit, MI, with an air of optimism for the future of American cities. While "optimism" wouldn't be the first word to jump to mind when many people think about Detroit, Taylor argues that, in some measure, Detroit was offered a blank slate. When the manufacturing industry collapsed and took with it many of the city's residents, what remained was a city built for two million people that is now home to abandoned buildings and empty streets. "What happens when a city loses its people? It loses its cars," Taylor explained. "So what happens when people re-imagine the possibilities when they've lost their cars? All of a sudden you wind up with biking."
He points to the emergence of movements like Slow Roll Detroit – a community bike ride that has since spawned offshoots worldwide – as an example of the kind of equity-based social movements that can develop when people are able to build their communities from the ground up. While bicycling advocacy isn't new, there is still the opportunity to introduce and solidify equity into the discussion at every level. "There are many, many people coming together and talking about biking," Taylor said. "But they have not been diverse."
While discussions around race, gender, and economic status have recently entered the bike advocacy world at events such as the National Bike Summit and World Bike Forum, the amount of space they occupy in the overall movement remains small. Aiming to change this, Taylor and his colleagues at the National Brotherhood of Cyclists are hosting the NBC Conference 2015 from July 15-18, 2015, in Minneapolis. The conference will bring together a number of new, emerging, and prominent bike advocates from around the US with an aim to propel equity to the forefront of the bike advocacy movement.
The conference will include panels and discussions on subjects ranging from women-lead organizing, reducing health disparities in low-income communities, equitable bike shares, and the relationship between bike lanes and gentrification.
Beyond equity, a principle goal of the conference is working towards unity within the bike advocacy community itself. "I think in the traditional advocacy community it's either one or the other," said Taylor. "You focus on youth, that's your thing. Or you're all transportation. And transportation cyclists don't talk to the guys who wear Spandex, and the Spandex guys don't consider themselves advocates, and then it's a divided effort."
As a community organization whose roots are in sport cycling, it's a role the National Brotherhood of Cyclists is uniquely suited to play. The NBC developed organically when a number of predominantly African-American cycling clubs began to connect at events and online, eventually growing into a nationwide community based on mutual support. Taylor noted that, while the clubs are primarily recreational, most of them have an element of advocacy, supporting bike-based community work where they can. "I think there's a very natural inclination in the African-American community of giving back," Taylor explained. "You know the theory when you do well you give back to the community, and I don't think we've capitalized on that in bike advocacy very well."
While the movement is still young and the opportunity still exists to build its future along equitable lines, Taylor hopes to see the emergence of a unified and inclusive movement working towards equity from all directions. "If we're really going to create great change we have to get our transportation cycling community to connect to our recreation cycling community to connect to those who think that youth are the issue, to connect to those who think that women are the issue," said Taylor. "However you ride a bike, however you dress, whatever your thing is, then we have an opportunity to unify our efforts. If you ride a bike, you're part of this."
The National Brotherhood of Cyclists Conference 2015 will be taking place between July 15th and 18th, 2015 in Minneapolis, MN. The full conference schedule is available here.
Find inspiration in our Gear Guide that will keep you out on your bike through wind or rain.Download Now

subset: commoncrawl


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Samir Pandya, M.D.
Associate Professor
Department Surgery
You have reached the Academic Profile.
For more information on the doctor and patient care, please visit the clinical profile.View Clinical Profile
- Medical School
- Medical College of Virginia (2004)
- Residency
- New York Medical College/Westchester Medical Center (2009), General Surgery
- Fellowship
- Emory University/Children's Healthcare of Atlanta (2011), Pediatric Surgery
Research Interest
- Minimally Invasive Surgery
Featured Publications
- International teleconsultation on conjoined twins leading to a successful separation: a case report.
- Fusaro MV, Becker C, Pandya S, Mcbride W, Alizadeh K, Iannotti V, Zelkovic P, Barst S, Tobias ME, Mohan A, Freda J, Gewitz M, Scurlock C J Telemed Telecare 2017 Jan 1357633X17715377
- Laparoscopic Surgery for Acute Appendicitis in Children With Cancer.
- Singer J, Stringel G, Ozkaynak MF, McBride W, Pandya S, Sandoval C JSLS 2015 Jul-Sep 19 3
- Laparoscopic-assisted management of traumatic abdominal wall hernias in children: case series and a review of the literature.
- Talutis SD, Muensterer OJ, Pandya S, McBride W, Stringel G J. Pediatr. Surg. 2015 Mar 50 3 456-61
- A meta-analysis of B-mode ultrasound, Doppler ultrasound, and computed tomography to diagnose pediatric ovarian torsion.
- Bronstein ME, Pandya S, Snyder CW, Shi Q, Muensterer OJ Eur J Pediatr Surg 2015 Feb 25 1 82-6
- Laparoscopy and complicated meckel diverticulum in children.
- Alemayehu H, Stringel G, Lo IJ, Golden J, Pandya S, McBride W, Muensterer O JSLS 2014 Jul-Sep 18 3
- Noniatrogenic neonatal gastric perforation: the role of interstitial cells of Cajal.
- Jactel SN, Abramowsky CR, Schniederjan M, Durham MM, Ricketts RR, Clifton MS, Langberg KM, Elawabdeh N, Pandya S, Talebagha S, Shehata BM Fetal Pediatr Pathol 2013 Dec 32 6 422-8
- Ultrasound-guided thoracoscopic dental extraction.
- Pandya SR, Ruiz R, Brudnicki A Am Surg 2013 Sep 79 9 891-2
- Pyloric stenosis in pediatric surgery: an evidence-based review.
- Pandya S, Heiss K Surg. Clin. North Am. 2012 Jun 92 3 527-39, vii-viii
- Cardiaplication: a novel surgical technique for refractory gastroesophageal reflux in the pediatric population.
- Hill SJ, Pandya S, Clifton MS, Bhatia A, Wulkan ML J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2011 Nov 21 9 873-5
- Ciliated hepatic foregut cyst: four case reports with a review of the literature.
- Fujita AW, Steelman CK, Abramowsky CR, Ricketts RR, Durham M, Clifton M, Pandya S, Shehata BM Pediatr. Dev. Pathol. 2011 Sep-Oct 14 5 418-21
Featured Books
Pediatric Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Surgery. In Textbook of Gastrointestinal and Hepatobiliary Surgery
Pandya S and Muensterer O (2016). New Delhi, Jaypee Brothers
Honors & Awards
- Teaching and Mentorship Award
New York Medical College (2015)
- Patient Care Champion
Westchester Medical Center (2014)
- Patient Care Champion
Westchester Medical Center (2013)
- Top Doctor/Healthcare Profession, Hudson Valley Parent Magazine
Professional Associations/Affiliations
- American Pediatric Surgery Association (2011)
- Southeastern Surgical Association (2011)
- Eastern Association for the Surgery of Trauma (2009)
- International Pediatric Endosurgery Group (IPEG) (2009)
- American College of Surgeons (2003)


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There are very few things in life that may help ease the pain of realizing you're more than halfway through your life expectancy: some kind of trophy spouse or companion, plastic surgery, some kind of gypsy or voodoo potion that can reverse the aging process. Of course, those treatments come with many unfortunate side-effects such as divorce, destitution, medical complications and magical curses that cause you to grow a tail.
Cars are an old fashioned standby for those suffering from the slings and arrows of frail mortality. They aren't perfect or without their problems thanks to gas prices and car salesmen who are so slippery that they could lube up the shoddy engine parts on the car they are trying to unload. But, buying your dream ride or even a car that you once consider to be "cool" can make you feel a little kid with a driver's license, insurance and a toll tag.
Mecum Auctions is giving you the chance to find that dream ride you always wanted but could only afford the Hot Wheels version of with their annual car auction, which runs through Saturday at the Dallas Convention Center.
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The roster of vehicles that are up for grabs includes just about every classic beauty that your gas fueled brain can imagine such as a slick looking 1967 Chevrolet Corvette L88 Convertible that is only one of 20 ever made and a fully restored 1957 Chevrolet Bel Air Fuelie Convertible. Some of the other more interesting cars going on the auction block include a 1920 Cadillac Phateon, a custom 1949 Chevrolet Cabstar Street Rod, the notoriously small but eye-catching 1961 Nash Metropolitan and the body of 2010 Ford Mustang fashioned into a golf cart. If you don't have the dough to shell out for a couple of cars, the event also features a "Road Art" auction complete with such gearhead inspired decorations and memorabilia as road signs, flashing neon gas station signs and guitars autographed by Aerosmith, The Who, The Rolling Stones, Santana and Paul McCartney.


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Decay of Nations IV
"The West Coast's Largest Paintball Event"
When: August 20th - 22nd
Where: SC Village Paintball Park, Chino CA
What: A full paintball weekend that includes a 24-hour scenario game,
mini-tournaments, side events and more.
Info: Decay of Nations is the most successful big game/scenario event in
the history of west coast paintball. This year, the Decay of Nations
staff and crew is striving to make DoN IV the most successful production
yet. The operations staff has been doubled from previous Decay events,
plus a record number of sponsors and vendors have already signed on to
provide a record-breaking amount of prizes and freebies. For the first
time ever, every player will also receive a full Decay of Nations gift bag
stuff with various products, coupons and promotoins.
Team Ekron: Ben Torcelli
Team UNA: Damian Allen
Weekend: $60
Single Day: $50
Paint: Case starts at $34.99
Major Sponsors: Tippmann, KEE Action Sports, Gen-X Global, Spyder
Major Promotions:
- Free Gun Rental to Any Player - Provided by Tippmann Sports
- Free Energy Drinks - Provided by Rockstar Energy Drink
- First 200 players that pick up their pre-regstiration packet on Friday
August 20th receives a Waterpod. Every player after that receives a blue
pod from Gen-X Global
- All players will receive a gift bag filled with various paintball items
Side Events:
UWL 5-man Tournament: Hosted by UWL, takes place on August 20th. $190.00
per team.
Kingman Top Gun Pistol Championship: 1 on 1 pistol competition. $10.00
per player.
Tiberius Arms First Strike Accuracy Contest: Sniper competition. $10.00
per player.
Website: www.DecayofNations.com
- Linh Troung's Charity Big Game 2015
- One Day. One Battle. One Victor.


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Project Overview
Leveraging Engagement and Vision to Encourage Retention in STEM (LEVERS) is a five-year, $1.5 million project funded by the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. The award was given to Michigan State University (MSU) to improve introductory courses that serve as gateways to continued studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). In doing so, faculty hope to change the institutional culture around the teaching of STEM, raise student engagement, and increase the number of students graduating with STEM degrees.
Big Ideas
Why do we need LEVERS?
Often, students become disenchanted by typical gateway courses and leave STEM before they can do real scientific practices. Students have stated that introductory courses are passive, the information is delivered without connections or contextualization, and the curricular designs and assessment methods aren't aligned with their strengths. They also report that the learning environments are unwelcoming and competitive. All of these sources of dissatisfaction greatly impact students' decisions to stay in or leave STEM programs.
LEVERS is about increasing the persistence and success of these undergraduate science students, especially those from traditionally underrepresented groups. Researchers believe that doing so will strengthen STEM education and research, provide equity in access to and representation in STEM fields, and address emerging workforce needs associated with demographic shifts. But how will researchers accomplish this?
Researchers are focusing on changing what is taught in addition to how it is taught. The classes designed will focus less on facts and more on asking questions, developing models, and engaging in argument from evidence. They will track core ideas across disciplines and incorporate the science practices that students will use in STEM careers. By redesigning these introductory courses in this way, researchers hope to more positively impact students' sense of community, self-efficacy, and science identity.
Project Goals
The LEVERS project's framework is based on an engagement-centered model for student success. The rationale for this is that engaged students are successful students. Studies have shown that students who become socially and academically engaged in meaningful educational and enrichment experiences are more likely to persist and succeed.
Students who participate in the reformed STEM gateway courses are expected to achieve the following:
Develop foundational understanding of disciplinary core ideas
Recognize connections across disciplinary boundaries
Develop competency-based science practices
Participate in high-impact, high-engagement activities during the gateway experience
Improve science self-efficacy and use of self-regulated learning strategies
Find the STEM gateway educational experience to be satisfying and develop a commitment to the institution
Persist and succeed in the STEM gateway courses
Attain a STEM degree
Strategies for Accomplishing Project Goals
The research team has outlined five strategies that will help them reach the goals listed above.
Strategy 1: Establish a Gateway Collaborative of interdisciplinary faculty focused on the gateway experience and on increasing retention and success of STEM students.
This collaborative addresses not only teaching and learning but also other important factors, including student-faculty interaction, academic support, and first year experiences. It also promotes efforts to institutionalize reform and disseminate findings both within the MSU community and nationally. Yearly summits and multi-day workshops include the development and dissemination of materials and feature outside speakers.
Strategy 2: Transform the gateway curriculum by infusing science practices blended with disciplinary core ideas.
This project is expanding reforms in introductory biology laboratories and adding reforms to introductory chemistry and physics laboratories. An interdisciplinary group of faculty led by the Gateway Collaborative is developing common integrated curricular learning goals and measurable learning objectives, and creating and validating assessments for these learning goals and objectives. Instead of focusing on a narrow set of content and on lab skill goals, students are engaged in science practices such as hypothesis formation, experimental design, and data analysis. Students learn to work in cooperative research teams, communicate ideas and results orally and in writing, and make formal presentations of research results.
Strategy 3: Expand academic and social support systems for academically at-risk students and augment efforts to broaden STEM participation.
Project leaders are extending and deepening existing efforts to increase the participation of underrepresented students in the MSU STEM gateway courses through a pre-college, residential bridge program and subsequent residential academic programs, along with curricula aimed at building STEM skills for students with insufficient math preparation. The project will also create programs that provide a structured social and academic support system for academically at-risk first year STEM students to help them adjust to college life. LEVERS has created a common summer bridge program (across colleges) that lasts for 6 weeks during the pre-freshman summer and strengthens the academic skills needed for gateway courses in biology, chemistry, math, and writing. It emphasizes cohort-building, study skills, and seeking support.
Strategy 4: Create an undergraduate learning assistant (ULA) program across the STEM colleges to enhance student engagement.
The program prepares ULAs to work in varied learning environments (large lecture meetings, small lecture meetings, recitations, and reformed laboratory courses that incorporate science practices and inquiry) with diverse groups of students. This model facilitates the adoption of inquiry-driven laboratory reforms and provides the ULAs with a high impact, high engagement experience. Partnership between the College of Natural Science, College of Engineering, Lyman Briggs College, and the College of Education will build on experience with ULA programs at MSU. The program also encourages ULAs to consider continuing their education and pursuing careers as STEM teachers.
Strategy 5: Construct a student monitoring system to track STEM retention and success, and foster continuous institutional improvement.
LEVERS has developed a comprehensive and sustainable institutional STEM student monitoring system to track retention and institutionalize a continuous improvement model for student success. This plan will be used to identify obstacles to student success and to evaluate interventions as part of the continuous improvement model. The system will focus on typical academic outcomes but will also address psychosocial development and student attitudes and behaviors because success depends not only on what happens in the classroom but also on how the student perceives these activities and their purpose. Motivation, self-efficacy, and science identity are important factors in promoting student success at the college level. Student attitudes and satisfaction with the learning environment are also included in the monitoring plan.
Measuring Success
To determine the success of the project, researchers are measuring student retention and success. The team worked with its institutional research office to develop Drop, Fail, Withdrawal (DFW) reports that will be used as one measure of student performance, but they will also examine such things as changes in student participation and self-efficacy.
To measure changes over time in the content, instructional practices, and assessments used in gateway courses across disciplines, the team is using instruments developed by MSU's AAU STEM Education Initiative team. The Three-dimensional Learning Assessment Protocol (3D-LAP) characterizes the extent to which assessment items evaluate three-dimensional learning, that is, learning that blends disciplinary core ideas, science practices, and crosscutting concepts. The Three-dimensional Learning Observation Protocol (3D-LOP) is designed to evaluate teaching practice by measuring to what extent a typical class meeting incorporates disciplinary core ideas, science practices, and crosscutting concepts. Because the instruments are not discipline-specific, they can provide a more systematic and integrated understanding of course reform efforts.
The team is also keeping a close eye on changes in the institutional culture surrounding STEM education. They are looking for higher levels of collaboration and expect that projects like LEVERS will make it easier to obtain internal funding to continue transformation efforts. Also, some departments that have previously been resistant to change have become important partners in transforming the gateway courses.
Disciplinary Projects under LEVERS
There are five smaller projects under the larger LEVERS projects. The projects are specific to certain disciplines and are described in detail below:
Gateway Collaborative: A group of interdisciplinary faculty will collaborate to improve the STEM gateway experience. The Collaborative will host yearly Gateway summits to facilitate institutional transformation of the gateway curriculum.
Project Leader: Project Advisory Board
New Chemistry Laboratory Curriculum: Chemistry faculty will implement and assess the "Cooperative Chemistry Laboratories" as part of the gateway curriculum.
Project Leader: Lynmarie Posey, CNS, Chemistry
New Physics Laboratory Curriculum: Faculty will implement the SEI model for course transformation to develop a new gateway physics laboratory curriculum.
Project Leader: Danny Caballero, CNS, Physics
New Avida-ED Discovery Based Laboratory Modules: Faculty will develop, implement, and assess new Avida-ED modules that engage students in science practices focused on the ecological, evolutionary, and genetics concepts as part of the gateway reform.
Project Leader: Jim Smith, LBC, Biology
New Modeling-Based Calculus Curriculum: Faculty will develop, implement, and assess a calculus curriculum in which students build, analyze, and interpret mathematical models developed using real data for student laboratories.
Project Leader: AK Zeleke, LBC, Math
Dissemination Plan
The LEVERS project team will disseminate its products, strategies, and findings both locally and at the national level. Eventually, results will also be presented at national meetings and in peer-reviewed journals.
The primary vehicle for local dissemination is the annual three-day Gateway Summit. There, stakeholders review the project's progress and assessment results and identify connections with other STEM retention activities on campus. This opportunity allows for refinements of program activities, enhanced collaboration, and a robust shared vision for a vibrant MSU gateway experience. Other avenues of dissemination are regular campus seminars such as the CREATE Science Education Speaker Series and STEM Alliance meetings.
So far, it is too early in the process to publish any results of the work.
The LEVERS project involves personnel from across MSU, including faculty from the College of Natural Science, College of Engineering, College of Education, and Lyman Briggs College. Collaborators also include faculty associated with the BEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action, CREATE for STEM Institute, and the Center for Engineering Education Research.
Project Advisory Committee:
Cori Fata-Hartley (PI), College of Natural Science
R. Sekhar Chivukula (former PI), College of Natural Science
Joe Krajcik (co-PI), CREATE for STEM Institute
Robert Pennock (co-PI), BEACON
Robert LaDuca (co-PI), Lyman Briggs College
Mark Urban-Lurain (former co-PI), CEER
Melanie Cooper, College of Natural Science (Chemistry)
Diane Ebert-May, College of Natural Science (Biology)
Stuart Tessmer, College of Natural Science (Physics)
Renee Bayer, CREATE for STEM Institute
Disciplinary Project Leaders
Lynmarie Posey, College of Natural Science (Chemistry)
Danny Caballero, College of Natural Science (Physics)
Jim Smith, Lyman Briggs College, BEACON
AK Zeleke, Lyman Briggs College (Math)
The timeline for the project is August 2014 to July 2020.
The Classes
The LEVERS curriculum is getting students more involved during class sessions. Class time is used for problem-solving, group work, and tweaking ideas, while background knowledge is saved for homework in the form of pre-class lectures. Classes are very dynamic, with students learning real-world skills in a collaborative setting modeled after the work that people in STEM careers do.
So far, all of the chemistry labs for non-majors have been redesigned to focus less on procedures and more on problem-solving, small group work, and case work. The physics department is also working to redesign its labs. The biology program is teaching faculty how to use Avida-ED, a dynamic web-based program that helps to understand natural selection and evolution. Finally, Lyman Briggs has revised a calculus course that caters to biology students to be more project-based.
It is too early to know the impact of the course transformations on student learning and success, though data are currently being collected.
The LEVERS project is one of several complementary efforts that together are profoundly changing the conversation about STEM teaching and learning at MSU. The data collected from the STEM Education Alliance meetings and the Gateway Summit have provided valuable insight about these transformation efforts and broader institutional change.
Project leaders have learned that departmental culture is a key factor in transformation of gateway courses. Small groups of individuals have been able to quickly transform courses in some departments. Change has been much slower in other departments in which larger groups of faculty are engaged, but the prospects for sustainability are promising given broad participation.
Recent developments suggest that institutional culture is changing. Departments that have previously been resistant to change have become important partners in STEM education transformation efforts, a good indicator that change is going to happen and that it is going to last.
Links to the Next Generation Science Standards
LEVERS is moving courses away from the traditional lecture-based framework and towards the concept of 3-dimensional learning as described by the Next Generation Science Standards (NGSS). This concept focuses on disciplinary core ideas, science practices, and crosscutting concepts. These three areas are crucial to science learning.
As states adopt NGSS, more and more students K-12 are being exposed to 3-dimensional learning, project-based learning, and other important STEM concepts and will be used to activity-based rather than lecture-based classes. Another goal of LEVERS is to ensure that students continue to receive that caliber of curriculum and engagement in their college introductory courses.
Connections to other CREATE for STEM projects
LEVERS is closely tied with other efforts at MSU to change the way STEM is taught and learned. MSU has received funding from the Association of American Universities as part of a national STEM initiative. To read more about the AAU Gateways project, please follow this link.
The LEVERS project is one of several CREATE projects working to transform science education at the K-12 level. You can read more about the CREATE mission here. These projects share several common features. Each project has 3-Dimensional Learning as a guiding principle. Each incorporates project-based learning as an instructional strategy. Each project is a collaboration that draws widely for its expertise – between organizations, between disciplines, and between researchers and practitioners.
LEVERS is one of several projects providing models of how to put into practice the vision of science education found in the National Research Council's Framework for K-12 Science Education and, by extension, the Next Generation Science Standards.
The Multiple Literacies project is developing and testing curricular materials for grades 3-4 that use science topics to build student competency in Language Arts and mathematics as they learning key concepts in science.
The Interactions project is developing web-based materials for high school students in physical sciences courses that will enable them to develop an understanding of the forces and energy involved in the interactions of atoms and molecules.


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Credit Card Consolidation Ironton OH
Learning in Ironton Ohio how to merge debts is one of the best things card holders can do. Ironton credit card consolidation is perfect for those people in Ironton who are looking to better their credit for the future in Ironton. There are lots of benefits for card holders in Ironton that benefit from credit settlement. If you are thinking about credit card consolidation, then there are two things in Ironton you must look into before doing this in Ironton OH. Use these tips as a guide to credit card consolidation.
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text: Sony Corporation, commonly referred to as Sony, is a Japanese multinational conglomerate corporation headquartered in Kōnan Minato, Tokyo, Japan. Its diversified business is primarily focused on the electronics, game, entertainment and financial services sectors. The company is one of the leading manufacturers of electronic products for the consumer and professional markets. Sony is ranked 105th on the 2014 list of Fortune Global 500. Sony Corporation is the electronics business unit and the parent company of the Sony Group, which is engaged in business through its four operating segments – electronics, motion pictures, music and financial services. These make Sony one of the most ... more on Wikipedia


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Hello. You know how sometimes you watch a sitcom, and it's some characters talking about the good ol' days, and most of the show is just a bunch of clips, and you think, "Gee, the writers must have been stuck that day." Well, this is the equivalent. It's a re-post from my older blog, What (a) Debbie Does. However, I did do improv again, and I'll even admit it was at the local Gilda's Club. Well, it was actually at a church across from Gilda's Club, as there was a water main that broke and flooded a bunch of the Gilda's Club house. They are working on renovations there. I hope someone repaints Noogieland. I hear the kitchen has red cabinets, like Gilda's red door. Should be a pretty intense color to check out! Also, I still dug doing improv (though I missed doing the "Oscar moments" exercise–we ran out of time!)
This past Monday, unplanned, I ended up doing one of the coolest, funnest things I've done in a while.
(First, wait–it "funnest" still not a word? Crap, can we change that? "More fun" ruins the pretty little parallel structure.)
I did improv.
Yep, improv.
I don't know if I want to go into the backstory of how I fell into a room with a bunch of "instructors"–or maybe it was a troupe, or facilitators, or just people with cooler jobs than the average Joe–on a Monday night. Like one of the rules of improve, just accept it. Accept the scene–Debbie is in a room with strangers doing improv–and go with it. (Some might find the backstory interesting, and some day, I may touch upon it.)
(Also, as aside, will auto-correct please accept "improv" as a word and stop tacking an "e" on it?)
We started off doing some crazy little exercise that involved making strange noises and pointing at each other. We moved on to naming states or games or pharmaceuticals while pointing to each other, and somewhere in there, we said our names, which we may or may not have learned. I think my brain was supposed to wake up, although I felt a little like my questionably ADD self repeated things over and over so I don't forget to, I don't know, water a plant or something.
Things moved on from there, to little exercises which were actually building crazy, silly, fun scenes around scenarios. I guess I do this sometimes when I write, or often in my head when I daydream, but when I started doing this out loud, with other crazy, silly, fun people, it felt so much more fun and communal and supported and instant, like people throwing confetti at me while I write a blog piece, instead of that inner voice always going "Hmm…is this okay? Is anyone going to read it? Like it? I'm not so sure." No, almost by definition, improv is fun and right and anything goes, which is such a refreshing change from wondering if something is good enough. Was I any good at improv? I'm not even sure it matters, which is why, yes, I was so awesome at improv. It was kind of exciting to try something new, and I found myself both enjoying other people's "skits" while itching for my turn, pretty please, next.
I've also found myself googling about improv, re-reading Tina Fey's "The Rules of Improvisation That Will Change Your Life and Reduce Belly Fat"*, and reflecting upon how treating life like one big improv exercise might just be free-ing from time to time. In fact, it's actually quite possible most of my parenting has actually been improv. (I'm especially good at improv-ing with stuffed animals, by the way. Perhaps I should lead a class in it?)
While I'm not sure I'll turn into some improv junkie, checking out the local club behind this fun-fest is on my list of things to do. For fun. Which I don't always get enough of.
Right now, I'm kind of like a timeshare salesperson with this stuff: You should try it!
*Tina Fey later notes Improvisation will not reduce belly fat. Sorry, if that's your goal.


text:
So I retraced Thursday afternoon's excursion as far as Florence before turning and left and aiming for the gap between Pueblo and Cañon City before striking north-east for Colorado Springs. The latter brings traffic jams of the type induced by something other than roadworks, railroad crossings (they tend not to be very "level" in this part of the world) and, off to the left, Cheyenne Mountain, under which is the US Air Force's premier-league SEEKRIT Bunker. Although it's not actually used any more chiz.
The only other thing worth seeing around here1 is Pike's Peak, named for one Lt. Zebulon Pike who passed this way
|Yes, up there...
|Trees. America. Friday.
Plan on at least half a tank of fuel. The trip to the summit and back is 38 miles and uses 80 miles of fuel.Thus spake the leaflet handed out at the tollbooth. 'tis a pity I didn't read this until I reached the airport. Still, it's downhill all the way from the top, innit (said he, stating the bleedin' obvious)? And it's too late to turn back now. At the top is this:
|You can't get a Mudstang higher at this time of year unless you drop it out of a C-130
|The train now standing at platform, er, one...
I dropped Greg at the bottom and set forth for Manitou Springs. It's still downhill all the way, leading to coasting down the 45 mph-limited twiddly bits of US-24 at up to 65 before pulling off into town, with the dash having been stating "0 miles to empty" for the last few minutes. Manitou Springs is another tourist trap, the speed limit in town is 20 mph and parking is at a premium. Throw in the odd unfamiliar roundabout, a visitor from Florida looking for somewhere to stop and the "gas" station Emily assured me was just THERE on the left being nothing of the sort, it was snacking on the fingernails all round until mercifully another source of motor-spirit popped up on the right. Fifty dollars will not only see me back to Denver but with luck might fool Mr Budget into thinking the tank is still full.
It was at about dollar forty-seven when the peace was interrupted by a car horn, followed in short order by a loud bang. Small car turning into "gas" station halts behind stationary pickup. Which begins to reverse, for no readily-apparent reason. Much sounding of Audible Warning Of Approach before the inevitable. The pickup driver is blaming the car driver, President Obambi, ISIS and Slenderman as it was clearly Not His Fault. They are still going at it hammer and tongs when I leave; it is not beyond the bounds of possibility that at least one driver is armed. The bloke behind the counter is definitely armed, being a full-on Sikh with a magnificent beard, turban and doubtless the other accoutrements that go with his religion.
Eighty miles to the airport. Traffic. Idiots. Yes, you in the BIGI and your ridiculous lane-changing manoeuvres! I get the Mudstang home with twenty minutes in hand. The Budget Bloke, who looks alarmingly like The X-Files' Bill Scully USN, merely reads the Dutch graffiti and smiles. A bit.
The plane will be late, because they have had to change it for another one. My seat has changed too. Things to do in Denver when you're not quite dead: watch my fellow passengers crowd around the gate thirty minutes before they even start boarding, which is done strictly in order of Wealth, Children and proximity to the back of the aircraft. Thereby gaining the sheeple naught but sore feet.
I do not have seat 16K, but I do have seat 37B, which is next to an over-wing emergency exit and thus affords five feet of legroom and occasional squashed ankles when the cabin crew use it as a passing place for laden trolleys. London is still where I left it though there is uncertainty as to whether the driver knows this; he certainly has to think a while before he can remember that we have come from Denver. Yet again no HMRC people on the way out; I rue the missed opportunity to smuggle in a million fags at Colorado prices.
Escape the building for a fag of my very own, while watching three Goons in a Fountain - in this case riding Bromptons up and down the water feature between T5 arrivals and the bus stops. They are joined by a grinning paramedic on a mountain bike. Walk the length of T5 looking for the National Express ticket office. Walk the length of T5 again after discovering it's ten yards from where I exited Customs. Bah! M25, Woking station, taxi. There is a lot more legroom in the back of a Merc E-Class than in Sergeant Aten's Crown Vic.
I'll leave it there for this year coz no-one wants to hear about the M25, Sainsbury's in Walthamstow Avenue or junk mail requiring a SHUVEL to clear before I can open the front door of Larrington Towers. A big thank-you to Clair Walters for the travel mug, wot was ded useful
- Lie


text:
Symantec Rocks the Boat
Dumping Its CEO Means the Stock Is Cheap for a Reason
In boating circles, tossing the captain overboard in the midst of a tricky maneuver would rarely be considered a sage move—unless the crew sees a reef lurking underneath.
That's the image investors have to grapple with in light of Symantec's surprise decision to fire Chief Executive Steve Bennett on Thursday after less than two years on the job. The software company put board member Michael Brown in place while it hunts for a permanent replacement, took pains to paint the decision as part of "an ongoing deliberative process,"...


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I recently received a letter from my Ugandan pen-pal, Godfrey. My family is sponsoring his Secondary School, which is Ugandan High School (grades 8-12). His life dream is to become a doctor, something he has been working at his entire…
Africa, challenges in working in a developing country, disease, Eastern Michigan University, health, health clinic, hygiene, malaria, One School at a Time, Uganda
A real life education at a rural Ugandan health clinic, by Katie Bishop, One School at a Time volunteer
by Katie Bishop • • 0 Comments
Katie Bishop accompanied her Dad, One School at a Time board member Joe Bishop, on a visit to the 5 One School at a Time Ugandan partner schools this February 2016. While there, she volunteered to work at the local…
fundraising, Logan Abbot, One School at a Time, One School USA board, Uganda
One School at a Time's Youngest Board Member Working his Magic to Secure Donations for the Spring Auction
by Bay R • • 0 Comments
This fundraising letter penned by Logan Abbott, One School at a Time board member: Dear Frasca's, (one of the finest restaurants in Boulder, CO) May 2016 bring you another James Beard award for your outstanding food. However, this year in…
Africa, community building, cultural differences, education, Education reform, NGO, poverty, sustainability, teaching, Uganda
Why $100 million + was not enough to fix urban schools in Newark, N.J.
by Bay R • • 4 Comments
An audacious plan to fix the schools in Newark, N.J., (a city beset by poverty and violence) can educate us all about effective school reform. In 2010, the mayor of Newark (Cory Booker) enlisted the support of the governor of…
Africa, community building, Hussein, One School at a Time, poverty, sustainability, Uganda
An Unmistakeable Demonstration of Gratitude
by Bay R • • 3 Comments
On short notice, eleven teachers from the five One School at a Time Ugandan partner schools urgently piled into a public bus to endure the difficult nine hour journey east to the Kenyan border. Why? Because the One School Program…
deworming, education, One School at a Time, partnerships, poverty, smart goal, smart goals, Uganda, Ugandan government
A Mountain of Problems Can Be Overcome!
by Bay R • • 0 Comments
Every four months, administrators and teachers from our five Ugandan partner schools meet over lunch to share the progress they are making toward the "SMART goals" each school has identified for the year. A SMART goal is defined by the…
education, girls education, health, hygiene, menstruation, sanitary pads
A Girl's Own Words
by Bay R • • 0 Comments
This winter 2015, One School at a Time provided re-useable sanitary pads (Afripads) to 500 older girls at our 5 Ugandan partner schools. Click on the link below to read a letter from one of the students concerning these pads.…
fundraising, non-violent communication, One Bowl at a Time, One School at a Time
One School at a Time Ugandan Program Manager Reflects
by Hussein Tadesse • • 0 Comments
I'm happy I made it to the U.S. to attend my fourth training in non-violent communication (NVC) in Portland, Oregon. Non-violent communication is a language developed to help people connect to each other's humanity moment by moment. This special way…
cultural differences
Cheese is still challenging and other observations- a Ugandan's perspective on visiting the USA for the fourth time .
by Hussein Tadesse • • 0 Comments
While staying at the Ananda Center (Portland, Oregon) for my non-violent communication training, I heard a surprising announcement: "Please do not expose your body." I know people here in the U.S. have the freedom to dress how they want…
banking, challenges in working in a developing country, One School at a Time
Banking in Uganda- an activity which requires persistence… and perhaps a sedative.
by Bay R • • 2 Comments
Working in a developing country can be inefficient and hugely frustrating. Simple transactions that we take for granted here in the USA can become month long nightmares. Recently, One School at a Time wired money as we usually do to…


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General Internal Medicine Research Fellowship
Fellowship Director
The University of Minnesota Division of General Internal Medicine and the Minneapolis VA Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research (CCDOR) offer a Research Fellowship designed to prepare board eligible internal medicine physicians for successful careers in academic medicine. The Fellowship program provides individualized training and progressive experience in three major areas: Clinical Research; Medical Education and General Medicine Health Care Delivery.
Program Description
The Fellowship is a 2 year (with a 3rd year option) program funded by the Department of Veterans Affairs. The program includes formal training in research methodology leading to a masters degree, an intensive mentored research experience, and training in all aspects of professional academic life, including grant and manuscript writing, clinical teaching, research and educational presentations, and critical review of the literature.
About Center for Chronic Disease Outcomes Research (CCDOR)
The fellowship is housed primarily at the Minneapolis VA's CCDOR. Founded in 1998, is comprised of an interdisciplinary community of professionals conducting methodologically rigorous, clinically relevant research intended primarily to improve the health care of veterans. The Center supports over 80 funded projects and an annual budget of over $10.5 million. There are currently 22 PhD and MD core investigators, 22 affiliate investigators, and 36 research and administrative support staff, including 10 in the biostatistical and data core. In addition there is an active post-doctoral training program for PhD investigators.
Each fellow is paired with a primary mentor who is responsible for the overall success of the fellow's career and professional development. Additional content or methodology mentors may be added to the team, as necessary. CCDOR supports a formal mentoring program that includes written materials, close oversight of the mentoring process by the fellowship director, ongoing training of mentors, and protected time for senior investigators to engage in formal mentoring.


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How much will it cost to digitise my content?
There are people who use the word preservation interchangeably with digitisation. This is a mistake. Preservation never ends. Eternal vigilance is the price of preservation, to paraphrase. Digitisation is, to avoid confusion, one of a range of preservation actions (one-off interventions) in the course of the existence of something being preserved.
So this answer is for the narrow question about the cost of converting analogue audio or video into a digital form.
There are various ways to run a digitisation project, and there are various ways to measure cost. All this leads to confusion.
In the interest of clarity, the following answer will try to make simple statements. Most any of these could be qualified with a range of 'yes, but' considerations of varying degrees of importance, relevance and complexity. These statements come from a twenty-year background in audiovisual digitisation, so they should be worth something, providing the reader also remembers two things:
- the answers are simplifications;
- things change; some things will get cheaper, others more expensive. This answer is written in February 2013.
Major factors affecting cost of a digitisation project include:
- what kind of audio, video or film is being digitised: cassettes are cheaper than open-reel; gramophone recordings take a lot of manual handling; film digitisation takes very expensive equipment. As gross simplifications, audio costs at least €20 to €50 per hour for open-reel tapes (with no problems); video costs twice as much, and film costs ten times as much. [2019: film digitisation has gotten cheaper; now perhaps 'only' five times the price of video digitisation.]
- condition of the material: problem material takes more operator time, to reset things and try again. The cost can be limited (at the price of a higher failure rate) by limiting the time spent trying to play problem material. One common method is to limit operator time to twice the duration of the actual material. This will limit the time spent on each item, but says nothing about the overall time. One reason most projects of 1000 items or more begin with a test run or pilot sample is to estimate the percentage of problem material. Condition matters! See bottom of page.
- amount of material: this is rather obvious, but it's not strictly linear as there are economies of scale in larger project (over 1000 items)
- workflow: this factor relates to amount of material, because an efficient workflow doesn't make much difference on small projects. On large projects (over 1000 items) it is quite possible to save 50%, and some projects have quoted savings of 70%, on the base price per item.
- quality of the work: cheap equipment, untrained operators, no calibration or checking of equipment, cheapest digital storage for the result — can all reduce the cost, but if the digitisation is not of preservation quality then the project is a waste of money, and may destroy, forever, the chance of doing a proper digitisation. It will be hard to get funding to 'do it right the second time'.
- checking the quality: some projects quote 30% of the total cost dedicated to quality control. That is at the high end, but somewhere between 15 and 30% extra has to be allocated for quality checking.
- metadata: the database or catalogue for a collection has to be updated — or in the worst case there is no documentation and something has to be created as part of the project. Bar codes and automation can cut the cost of logging new digital items into a database, but only for quite large projects where it is worth creating software to connect to an existing database and automatically update it for completed items. At least 10% should be added for metadata. If there is no catalogue and part of the project is to make one, the cost is probably double: the person doing the transfer is not a cataloguer so you need two people. Even if the person can do both jobs, they can't be done at the same time (it has been tried; it can't be done).
- method of measuring costs: the cost that matters (for getting a project funded) is the cost an institution has to pay. If computing resources, transport or cataloguing are done by existing staff and systems, they may be invisible for the purposes of the project. In the limit, if there is a technical person already on staff who can do a few items per day, digitisation may be seen as free. It is, formally. The only problem is that the workflow for such projects is usually as inefficient as possible (no division of labour, because there only is one person doing everything) and so the project will proceed very slowly. As with any project, the throughput (items per year, basically) has to be assessed, and compared with the requirements of the project. Anything that will take more than five years is risky, because nobody knows the availability of equipment and operators even just five years from now. The situation in video is desparate, audio is getting desperate, and film has a whole range of difficulties. The 'free' digitisation could be the road to ruin, if it leaves material undone five years from now.
The costs so far are for making a digital file from analogue content. Where does that file go? This used to be daunting but digital storage costs have come down by about a factor of 100 in the last decade, to the point where 1000 hours of high quality audio (24 bit, 96 kHz) can be stored on €150 of hard drives (for four terabytes) — and so three copies are under €500. [2019: €80 for 4TB, €250 for three copies.] Video will take ten times more storage (for lossless compressed standard definition video) and 25 times more for uncompressed. High definition video is currently a jungle of formats, but lossy compression at an 'archive quality' of 400 megabits/sec translates into five hours per terabyte of storage. If more than roughly ten terabytes of storage are needed (30 with double backups) — then LTO datatape is the preferred storage medium. There is an overhead of a few hundred Euros to buy a tape drive, but after that the cost of datatape is less than the cost of hard drives, the reliability is considerably better and the energy cost of datatapes on shelves is of course much less than the cost of spinning discs (though discs on shelves also consume no energy).
[2019: many public institutions are joining forces for shared storage services. 'The cloud', which simply means using Internet to access rented storage, is now the future of storage: letting somebody else worry about hardware, backups, redundancy and maintenance — providing it is somebody you can trust because of a demonstrable track record, transparent costs and guaranteed security.]
Condition Matters! Rule of thumb: problem material takes four times as long as problem-free material, leading to these results:
- 10% problems means 30% more work;
- 20% means 60% more: a $10 000 job will instead cost $ 16 000;
- 30% means 90% more: nearly doubling the cost of the whole project;
- 40% means 120% more and so on.


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This chewy treat will take your taste buds from sour to sweet for a flavor that is sure to please.
Fruit Sours, Grapefruit
$ 3.99 – $ 99.75
Corn Syrup, Sugar, Dextrose, Corn Starch-Modified, Malic Acid, Citric Acid, Natural and Artificial Flavors, Carnauba Wax, Beeswax, Confectioner's Glaze, Red 40, Yellow 5, Yellow 6, Blue 2 Lake, Red 40 Lake, Titanium Dioxide, Blue 1, Red 3. Manufactured in a facility that processes peanuts and/or tree nuts.
There are no reviews yet.


text:
I'm playing along with a sketch challenge at Basic Grey today. This layout uses their Jovial line. Everything is BG except my son's name (Jenny B stickers), his age is cut from a Tim Holtz/Sizzix die, and the date is on a Hambly overlay. This was almost ten years ago and I still remember how thrilled he was to see that present on Christmas morning. And how LOUD it was… all those ducks swam around the pond quacking nonstop while he 'fished' for them. Time flies!
Here's the sketch:
And a few close-ups:
All the presents are from one of the Jovial papers. I cut them out and popped some on foam tape and left the rest flat. Everything is edged in black soot distress ink.
I'm also putting this in today at Paper Issues for their Holiday Madness theme and at Anything Goes where the current theme is Anything but a Card.
Thanks so much for taking the time to pop by. Have a great day!


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|Erika LaVonn and James T. Alfred
"The Arizona Theatre Company is presenting the Arizona premiere of Katori Hall's The Mountaintop. The fictionalized play that represents Martin Luther King, Jr.'s last night before he is assassinated is a two-character piece that isn't at all what it first appears to be. This Arizona Theatre Company / Penumbra Theatre Company co-production is well cast and directed, and the play takes the audience on quite a journey."
The Mountaintop, a co-production of Arizona Theatre Company and Penumbra Theatre Company, through December 1st at the Herberger Theater Center, 222 E. Monroe Street. Tickets can be purchased at www.arizonatheatre.org or by calling (602) 256–6995. This production then moves to the Blumenthal Performing Arts Center in Charlotte, North Caroline from February 4th to March 2, 2014, and then the Guthrie Theatre in Minneapolis, Minneapolis, from March 28th through April 20, 2014.
Photo: Tim Fuller/Arizona Theatre Company


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"The only real treasure is in your head. Memories are better than diamonds and nobody can steal them from you"
― Rodman Philbrick
At the end of the day all you have is memories. If I could tape a video camera to my shoulder i would. I would record every moment of my life. Why not? Memories are just recordings that the brain takes. Video cameras just do it better. One day all you will have left are the memories of the past. Half of the conversations with friends is just remembering some funny moment in the past. Memories are vital. I envy celebrities. Not because of the fame. I envy them because their life is recorded on camera. It is permanent. They are immortalized.
I admit that i take the technology of film for granted. It is so under appreciated. We have the ability to capture a moment forever at the press of a button. Humans in the past could not even imagine having such a privilege. We do. One of the worst regrets is saying " i wish i would have recorded it".
Its pretty cool to look at old recordings of friends and family. They are hilarious. They always make you laugh. They should invent a small camera that you can put under the skin on your forehead. The camera will record your whole life from birth to death. When you are old you can relive your life when ever you watch the film. That would be cool. Scientist, I give you 3 years. Get it done.


text:
Contact the team at SketchTwenty3 Limited
The Innovative High End Luxury Wallcoverings and Wall Art Company, bringing luxury products, quality design and excellent service to the market.
Drop us a line
Contact Information
We love to hear from you on our customer service, merchandise, website or any topics you want to share with us. Your comments and suggestions will be appreciated. Please complete the form below.
SketchTwenty3 – High End Luxury Wallcoverings
Unit E8, 4th Floor
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Stockport Road West
Lower Bredbury
+44 (0) 161 430 2007


text:
Pros and cons of berms in Ocean Beach
Shelter for homeless, backwash for surfers – do they prevent flooding?
Delinda Lombardo 10:30 a.m., Nov. 18
New rectangular columns of steel rebar sprout into space from a plot of land on the Mexican side of the border at San Ysidro. The columns, easily reaching the height of the multistoried office building it is planned to be, and covering an expanse of roughly a quarter of a football field, mark the parameters of a new addition to the border complex.
Customs inspectors and Mexican border agents are ensconced inside a small room that was once home to the last Caliente betting parlor a gambler could find while waiting in line to cross into the U.S. This former slot and sports-book joint is not working out as a pedestrian border-inspection station, so the new station is being built right behind it.
Some critics in the Mexican media have pointed out the deficiencies of the current pedestrian-inspection facilities for those entering Mexico.
At present, the concrete walkways into and out of the inspection station resemble a labyrinth of plummeting steps and descending runways for the wheelchair and suitcase-on-wheels crowd. Then the two pedestrian byways rejoin in a single column before the sole inspection lane. The pedestrian lane itself has shrunk from the old lane's 40-foot-wide esplanade to a mere 4 feet across.
So, the construction site is the size of a football field, but the border agents are crammed into a small room that was once an old betting parlor and what used to be a 40-foot wide pedestrian walkway is now 4 feet across? So, how do you say it in Spanish? W-T-F?


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Often I will hear athletes saying that they had a "bad" training session with the implication being that something is going wrong with their training. Sometimes this will ultimately lead to them changing their training or coach and very often, just like when football teams change the manager, the change makes little to no difference. The two mistakes that are made is that they are putting too much emphasis on individual sessions rather than looking holistically at the bigger training picture and they are confusing correlation with causation.
Correlation and causation are terms not often used by athletic coaches and more often likely to be used by statisticians or scientists. They relate to the fact that events that coincide are not necessarily causally related. A fun example of this is illustrated in the "Church of the Flying Spaghetti Monster" that global warming is caused by a lack of swashbuckling pirates sailing the oceans. You can draw a graph correlating increasing temperatures on the surface of earth with a drop in the buccaneer population. Clearly nothing rational connects these two trends; there is correlation but no causation.
So we need to look at the whole picture when we consider the session that went awry. We need to look at all the variables that are present and consider which are relevant, which are controllable, which are uncontrollable, which ones are merely correlated and what was the cause. The athlete and coach need to consider what phase of the training cycle they are in, what sessions were completed that week, what was the aim of the session, athletes mental state and stress level, what were the weather conditions: wind, rain, heat, cold all will change the way we run; nutritional status, the "wrong" shoes, iron levels …..to just name a few. There are so many variables and so much background noise that we can not simply draw a causal relationship.
So unless you have ALL the data points then don't stress on the fact that in one particular run your rep pace was X seconds slower than the last time. I have never met any athlete, from Parkrunners to Olympians that has "good" sessions 100% of the time and "success" is extremely often a squiggly line! So if you completed a session that didn't go strictly to plan just remember that you finished the session or workout and will have gained benefit from it. You will have a session to do tomorrow and that is the one to focus on.
Right, in the name of saving the planet I'm off to gather a motley crew and sail the seven seas.


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All admissions are decided upon by the Local Authority except for our Nursery class and Two's provision.
Application Forms can be obtained from the school office and places are allocated by the school. There are 40 Nursery places. 20 places are allocated in the morning session and the remaining 20 places are allocated in the afternoon session, meaning a child will be granted either a morning or afternoon place on application.
Reception Places
*Please note that even if your child already has a place in the school nursery, you are still required to apply for a place in Reception.
Information with regards to admissions for Reception and the rest of the school can be found on the Wolverhampton Local Authority website on the page for school admissions.
School places required throughout the year
School places required throughout the school year need to be applied for on the school admissions page on the Wolverhampton Local Authority website – please see the link below:


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homemade egg noodles
Nora Dahlstrom
great recipe. and no need to dry. even tho you can. oh i didn't bother adding a prep time or cook. cuz even i feel it can vary. point tho, it wont take long to cook. and didnt seem to take long to prepare. maybe bout 15 or more minutes. have fun.
★★★★★ 1 vote5
4 or more depending on how much of the dough you want to use.
2-3 cflour
2 tspsalt
How to Make homemade egg noodles
- Make a well in center of flour. Add egg yolks, egg and salt. Mix thoroughly.
- Divide dough into 4 equal parts. Roll dough, one part at a time, into paper- thin rectangle on a well- floured cloth -covered board. (Keep remaining dough covered).
- Loosely fold rectangle lengthwise into thirds; cut crosswise into 1/8-inch strips for narrow noodles, ¼-inch strips for wide noodles. Shake out strips and place on a towel until stiff and dry, about 2 hours.
- Repeat with rest of dough. i didn't do this step. but that's okay. i made em to cook fresh. no time to dry. fresher works better for me anyways.
- Break dry strips into smaller pieces as desired. Cook in 3 quarts boiling-salted water (1 TBS. salt) until tender, 12 to 15 minutes; drain. i rolled out the dough and cut it into small strips when i made it for fresh. i gotta admit i didnt even follow my orginal recipe. lol.
- To cook half the noodles, use 2 quarts of water and 2 tsp. salt. best from what i have done to add in noodles when doing fresh one at a time while water is boiling. these noodles i made are for just about anything. enjoy.
About homemade egg noodles
Course/Dish: Other Soups
Main Ingredient: Pasta
Regional Style: English
Other Tag: Quick & Easy


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The BaCON Festival Is This Saturday (April 13) At Tristate Exhibition Center!
Tickets Will Be Available At The Entrance.
Join us for the largest Bacon Festival in the South!
Cleveland, Tennessee will be hosting BaCON April 13, 2019 – A festival devoted to bacon. Last year, BaCON catered to over 20,000 guest in just one day! In 2019, we will once again feature over 200 vendors, live music, contest, games and a kids zone. Admission is $5.00 for adults and free for children under 3. We've moved to a bigger location-the TRI-STATE EXPO, just off I-75 Exit 20
OK. Let's be honest. The music, activities, and craft vendors are great, but this is called BaCon for a reason. Every food vendor must have three bacon items on the menu (in addition to other great food, like burgers and ice cream ). These dishes will be judged by our local celebrities, but also offered to the general public. 2019 will have even more bacon with shorter lines, more vendors and a NEW Bacon Row, dedicated to good ol' fashioned bacon-without the fru-fru.
Our schedule begins at 10:00 a.m. with opening ceremonies and it doesn't end until 6pm. Stay for a couple of hours, or stay all day! There are events for just about everyone. Whether you prefer to spectate or participate, we have you covered. From musical acts to contests, its gonna be a day to remember.
Stay-tuned for updates on our musical performances and registrations for our fun new contests!
We have a day full of events scheduled for our BaCon community. We have a bacon contest-judged by local celebrities, a Ron Swanson look-a-like contest, bacon eating contest. We also have bounce house, petting zoo, pony rides, mechanic bull and more. All of this fun on top of incredible music, shopping, southern crafts and BACON!
Stay tuned for more details about 2019 as they come in.
We Love Our Sponsors! Wanna' Be One?
We are driven to expose as many people as possible to the charms of Cleveland and Bradley County. We invite you to help us make these goals a reality while aligning your brand with an event that has reached over 2 million people on Facebook and has over 43,000 people with an expressed interest in attending.


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Pudsey bear made a welcome return to North Lanarkshire to collect a special cheque for this year's Children in Need appeal.
The BBC charity bear got his paws on a cheque for £8,802 raised at North Lanarkshire Council's Burns Supper, and this was presented at a ceremony in North Lanarkshire Council's headquarters in Motherwell.
Provost Jean Jones said: "Our Burns Supper is an annual event which supports this wonderful charity which helps support some of the most vulnerable young people in our society."


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We have gathered the best and most inspiring speakers, mentors and judges for you
Founder and Managing Partner of AUDEAMUS CAPITAL GmbH
Juana M. Sacristan
Juana M. Sacristan is Founder and Managing Partner of AUDEAMUS CAPITAL GmbH, a Hamburg-based fund investing in start-ups and small companies at the intersection of fashion, lifestyle and art, both on- and offline. She started her career in Spain and Portugal as Business Analyst at McKinsey & Co, the global management-consulting firm. After three years as Principal at MCH Private Equity (a Madrid-based private equity firm currently managing over € 500 Mio. total funds), she moved with her husband to Hamburg, Germany in 2003. She then joined Hartmann Zillmer Corporate Finance (a M&A boutique) and later on Eventure Capital Partners -a venture capital firm, launched in California in 1998 and currently also present in Germany, Russia, Asia and Brazil, with five local funds. Before founding AUDEAMUS CAPITAL Juana M. Sacristan was Head of Business Development and Strategy at Engel & Völkers, one of the world's leading service companies specialized in the sale and rental of premium residential property, commercial real estate and yachts.
Juana M. Sacristan studied Law and Economics at the Universidad de Deusto, Spain, finishing with Summa Cum laude. She holds a Master in European Studies for Universidad de Deusto and as Fulbright Scholar received an MBA from Columbia University, New York, USA.
Ms. Sacristan is fluent in Spanish (native), English, German and French. She is happily married and a mother of three children (with ages ranging from 5 to 12). She is also a passionate art collector.


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Project Buchanan was awarded a Getty Creative Grant to create work for RAINN (Rape, Abuse & Incest National Network in Washington, DC) in collaboration with Mother Image founder, Susan Carolanza Chanin, director Poppy de Villeneuve and photographer Rana Faure.
Project Buchanan and the team created a campaign with webvideos, :30 PSAs, print and a collection of portraits, all featuring survivors and members of RAINN's Speakers Bureau. The work launched on March 28, 2016.
The campaign has resulted in a 41% increase in people served and a 3,000% increase in views of RAINN's video content on YouTube.
CNN Photo Gallery


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The focus is centered on 4 distinct areas:
Get an inside look at Scholle IPN's Materials Science Lab! Located at our headquarters in Northlake, Illinois, this fully-equipped lab is staffed by expert scientists with chemistry and engineering backgrounds who develop testing methods supporting all of our locations across the globe, as well as technicians that operate the lab's sophisticated analytical equipment. The team helps verify and ensure that our products meet goals and regulations and protect customers' products from filling through final dispensing.
Copyright © 2019 Scholle IPN Legal Notice


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We all have the routine habit of carrying a bottle of water with us wherever we go. We keep the bottle in the bag before leaving. And if we forget to carry the bottle, we buy another bottle from the market place to quench the thirst. If you are asked about what is the highest price of the water bottle you purchased till date, your answer might be 100 rs or less than that, but not higher than 200 rs. It might be difficult to find more costly water around us.But the bottle of water which we will be talking about today costs not in thousands, but in lakhs.
The company that packs this water in the bottle will directly supply it to you from Beverly Hills, for which you will have to pay 65 lakh rupees. Just like any expensive bottle of wine, this bottle of water will make you feel the same.
This bottle of water which is available and costs 65 lakh of bucks is specially given a luxurious collection look The cap of this bottle is made up of gold, to which there are 600 white and 250 black diamonds of 14 carats. A separate and different case is also made for each bottle. This bottle of water has been named Beverly Hills 9OH2O. To facilitate its customers, the company also has a one-year lifestyle collection of Beverly Hills 9OH2O.
By having a glance at its global market, the company is preparing to roll out this product in India too. This company's headquarters is in Beverly Hills, California. The water in this bottle will also be taken from the water springs from the high mountains
Beverly Hills Drink Co-founder and President Jon Gluck says that 'Beverly Hills 9OH2O's test will be smooth and light.'
Those who can not buy Diamond Collection of this water do not need to be sad. The company has also introduced the same brand with two separate categories, which includes 4 sub-products. There is also a pack of 500 ML with a 1-litre bottle. These products from the company can be purchased from nightclubs along with luxury hotels big restaurants. The smallest packet in this series will cost Rs 800.
This brand has made its first international distribution agreement, which includes 18 countries of the world, including India and Arabia. In Middle Asia this brand has good relations with the Arabian royal family.
Beverly Hills 9OH2O in India is expected to be launched in middle of the year 2018.


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It hasn't been the greatest summer up here in Ohio, but atleast we have a pretty cool getaway to ride some AMAZING roller coasters anytime we want! Its been cloudy, rainy, and downright dreary this summer mostly. I hope it starts to brighten up, get a little warmer outside, and let summer show through for the rest of July & August!
Now on to the fun stuff...ya know...about Cedar Point in Sandusky, OH! Its a nice drive, only about 45 minutes down the turnpike from our house. We got to stay at the NEW and IMPROVED Hotel Breakers for the first time on the most recent trip, and I can't tell you how impressed I was. Well, I guess I can try to break it down.
When we left, we ordered pizza for room service and it was very reasonable! With our tip and all it was $15 for a extra large cheese pizza for the kids. My husband and I went to Chilis downstairs and got take out for us. It was yummy as usual and they were SUPER FAST! On the way back to the room, my kiddos also discovered an arcade room...and we saw SNOOPY!
When you stay at Hotel Breakers you get into Cedar point an hour before everyone else. We did initially think we would be able to get on many of the popular roller coasters before anyone was really in the park, but most big rides don't start till the park opens to the general public. My husband and kids stood in line for Top Thrill Dragster and got to ride pretty much immediately when the park opened.
If you are looking for fun make the trip out and stay at Hotel Breakers and spend the day or weekend at Cedar Point.


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OnQ Blog
Create more efficient buildings with Qualcomm Technologies' solutions for smart buildings. Our comprehensive hardware and software platforms allow for seamless collection of advanced data related to power, security, occupancy, water and temperature, and the ability to connect it all to the cloud. Through comprehensive, intelligent insights and control through deployment of edge IoT gateways and utilization of open protocol standards, building managers can enhance legacy building management systems (BMS), optimize efficiencies, and lower costs.
Smart Cities: Smart Buildings
May 14, 2018
IoT Goes to the Ballgame
May 14, 2018
Building managers looking to gain additional value from existing BMS today face a daunting task. Many buildings with existing water, power and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems are currently monitored through manual data collection or a complex series of siloed systems that don't share data or allow for a master view of all building systems.
Our building management solutions are designed to encourage interconnectivity of new and legacy BMS—working across protocols such as BacNet, Modbus, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth and more so building managers can aggregate data for more unified data management and analysis.
Deliver multimode/multiband capabilities that support seamless interoperability and superior performance across network technologies, including LTE TDD, LTE FDD, WCDMA, 1x, DO and GSM.
Support the varying needs of connected building management systems with our tri-band Wi-Fi. Our solutions are designed to deliver a range of connectivity—from covering entire spaces with the high speeds of 802.11ac, to providing zones of multi-gigabit capacity with 802.11ad, to serving multiple devices simultaneously with Qualcomm® MU | EFX multi-user MIMO.
Simplify integration into target applications and eliminate interface components with our extensive and flexible Bluetooth capabilities, offering an optimal balance of power, features and cost for each use case.
Enable ideal energy efficiency with our optimized system architecture.
Create secure building environments with our built-in security features that enable enhanced malware detection, theft deterrence, content protection and user authentication.
Support ARM Cortex A7, Linux OS and other technologies with our integrated application processor (AP).
Deliver precise position location utilizing our Global Navigation Satellite System (GPS/GNSS) technology.
Take advantage of our proven smart city leadership and global solutions, developed through the Internet of Things (IoT).
Our solutions provide building managers, systems integrators and developers with the flexibility to create innovative building solutions in several areas, including:
Find commercially available IoT and machine-to-machine (M2M) cellular modules, connectivity modules (Wi-Fi, HomePlug PLC, Bluetooth) and wireless gateway routers on M2M Search, an extensive online technology database for product developers.
LTE continues to evolve through new technologies and a scalable platform for connecting a wide range of consumer and enterprise IoT applications. LTE has also become one of the fastest growing wireless technologies, with a vibrant ecosystem backed by a common global standard. It provides a solid foundation for the growth of IoT connectivity, now and in the future.
Qualcomm is advancing connected building solutions as we push forward with 5G technology. We envision 5G as a new way to enable services, connect industries and devices and empower user experiences.
OnQ Blog


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Sintered bronze parts are rigid, temperature resistant and high strength parts formed through the process of sintering, or powder metallurgy. Used in applications for shock absorbers, home appliances, automobiles and as well as most commonly as bearings or bushings, sintered bronze parts can be produced in large quantities with consistent properties and sizes. Powder metallurgy uses a number of different metals including aluminum, copper, nickel, brass, steel, stainless steel, nickel and titanium in the fabrication of metal powder parts.
Bronze is an ideal material choice for the process of sintering as it is a non-ferrous metal is commonly used as a conductive material and its porosity allows lubricants, or air and liquids to pass through it. Through an effective sintering process, the properties of material strength, translucency and thermal conductivity are enhanced and because it is a simple process, most of the other physical properties of the metal are retained.
Sintered bronze parts are an economical manufacturing option, especially for large quantities of products as sintered metal parts can be fabricated repeatedly with close tolerances. The porosity of the parts can also be adjusted according to the intended application of the part and the desired level of flow.
The process of powder metallurgy has three basic steps. First, the metal, in this case, bronze or bronze alloy, is made into a powdered form. This can be achieved by a number of methods including grinding, chemical decomposition and the most common atomization. The metallic powder is then poured into a die or mold cavity and compacted under great pressure in order to adhere the particles. This occurs at room temperature. The metal part is then inserted into a furnace where the extreme heat fuses the metal particles together to form a rigid, high strength and porous component. This part of the process is called sintering.
The resulting porosity of the sintered parts makes powder metal products especially useful in lubricating applications and as a result, bearings and wear plates are often fabricated from sintered bronze. These porous components are also commonly used to create filtration materials, especially for high temperature applications such as those in food or pharmaceutical industries. Bronze powder can also be used to coat the surfaces of wood, plaster, plastic and other metals in order to create a bronze-like finish. In cosmetics such as eye shadows or liners, finely powdered bronze is used to create a shiny appearance.


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I think it's been a little under a year since I got my wife a Nexus 7. I mainly got it for her to read her library of ebooks that she gets for free from Amazon.com and for the most part it's done its job. However the time has come to say goodbye to the Nexus so that I can get her an iPad Mini 2 when its released this fall.
There have been a few problems mainly with the OS that I just can't seem to overcome. The biggest one is the charging issue. It just takes forever to charge the device. My daughter also likes a lot of apps that are on her own iPad and iPhone that she uses and instead of lugging that around she can use my wife's iPad Mini. I played a bit with the Nexus a little and I wasn't that impressed. The Nexus was a lot like using a PC, it required a lot of tweaks here and there to get it working just right. My wife prefers using her iPhone for most things because she is familiar with the apps and it just works. I happen to agree with her on that part which is why I'm probably getting the upgraded iPad Mini for myself too so I can take a more lightweight device with me on the road. iOS 7 is going to help a lot too since I'm not upgrading my iPhone 4S until a jailbreak, if any, will become available. FaceTime over 3G is a big thing for me since I need it to see my family on the road.
Normally I would have kept the Nexus but there isn't any use for it at this time and it would just collect dust like all my Treo's that I still have. I decided to try out Gazelle to sell the Nexus 7. The good part is that I used points to get the thing and Gazelle will potentially give me $55 for it. I look at it as a $55 profit since in got the device for free and my wife can use that for even more books. I figure the $55 should keep her busy for maybe 6 months, it depends on the number of books being released that she wants this year.
Only 3 weeks till I send the Nexus away, can't say it was the best decision I ever made from a tech perspective but I at least can say I tried it for a little bit.


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New service offered by Alepin Gauthier: cooperative family law
Me Brigitte Gauthier has recently completed a training course in Cooperative Family Law
In addition to mediation and representation before courts, the Alepin Gauthier Family Law department now offers Cooperative Family Law.
Cooperative Family Law is an approach based on negotiation among four people, that is, each client and their attorney. The discussion focuses on interests rather than positions and it tends to explore avenues other than just the applicable law, to see if they fit better with needs and wishes of the clients. Each negotiating session is preceded by an individual meeting between a client and his lawyer in order to be well prepared for the negotiations. Finally, the process is free from any threats of going before the Court because Cooperative Family Law attorneys make the choice to not represent their client in Court if no mutual agreement can be reached during the negotiating sessions.


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Do you really want to send dannye a message saying you like their work?
I'm not sure what these shoes were really called, but this was always our pet name for them. My dad had a pair from somewhere back in the 1940s (I would guess), and since his foot size was the same as mine, I took them for my own. They were a light tan color with cream-colored mesh on the top portion and the sides.
The idea, I suppose, was to be stylish in a dress shoe while still airing out the feet.
You could be sure they would be noticed. In fact, I don't think I've ever seen another pair in action aside from the ones I inherited. If anyone has more information about this particular style of men's shoes, I'd love to hear about it.
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Research Groups
Cytokines and Disease
Research Interests and Description
Group Leader and Scientific Coordinator: Frank Brombacher, PhD
Group Members
Research InterestsImmunological mechanisms of host protection in infectious and non-infectious diseases.
Description of Research
The Group investigates immunological mechanisms in experimental murine models for human diseases. Major general topics include cytokine network and regulation, lymphocyte differentiation and function, dendritic cell and macrophage activation, as well as the role of non-immunological effector cells in health/disease like smooth muscle cells, goblet cells, activated by IL-4 and IL13. Current disease models under investigations include:
Bacterial Infectious Diseases
- Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (aerosol).
- Listeriosis caused by Listeria monocytogenes.
Parasitic Infectious Diseases
- African trypanosomiasis caused by Trypanosoma brucei/evansi/congolense.
- Cutaneous leishmaniasis caused by Leishmania major.
- Schistosomiasis (Bilharzia) caused by Schistosoma mansoni.
- Hookworm caused by Nippostrongylus brasiliensis.
Non-infectious Diseases
- Allergic inflammation, induced by Ovalbumin, House Dust Mite, or Anisakis.
- Colitis, chemically induced by Oxazalone.
Our research strategy is based on gain of knowledge by a loss of function approaches in knockout and knockdown animal models. This includes the generation and characterisation of novel conditional gene deficient mouse strains. Together with transcriptomic approaches, the significance of genes, factors and cells for host protection and failure thereof are uncovered and possible factors for host-directed drug targeting identified. This supports our long-term goal for the development of safe and cost-effective drug and vaccination strategies.
Recent Publications
Brombacher, T.M., De Gouveia, K.S., Cruywagen, L., Makena, N., Booley, F., Tamgue, O., Brombacher, F. 2018. Nippostrongylus brasiliensis infection leads to impaired reference memory and myeloid cell interference. Sci Rep 8, 2958 PubMed link
Hurdayal, R., Ndlovu, H.H., Revaz-Breton, M., Parihar, S.P., Nono, J.K., Govender, M., Brombacher, F. 2017. IL-4-producing B cells regulate T helper cell dichotomy in type 1- and type 2-controlled diseases. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 114, E8430-E8439 PubMed link
Parihar, S.P., Ozturk, M., Marakalala, M.J., Loots, D.T., Hurdayal, R., Beukes, D., Van Reenen, M., Zak, D.E., Mbandi, S.K., Darboe, F., Penn-Nicholson, A., Hanekom, W.A., Leitges, M., Scriba, T.J., Guler, R., Brombacher, F. 2017. Protein kinase C-delta (PKCδ), a marker of inflammation and tuberculosis disease progression in humans, is important for optimal macrophage killing effector functions and survival in mice. Mucosal Immunol 11, 579 PubMed link
Nono, J.K., Ndlovu, H., Abdel Aziz, N., Mpotje, T., Hlaka, L., Brombacher, F. 2017. Host regulation of liver fibroproliferative pathology during experimental schistosomiasis via interleukin-4 receptor alpha. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11, e0005861 PubMed link
Nono, J.K., Ndlovu, H., Abdel Aziz, N., Mpotje, T., Hlaka, L., Brombacher, F. 2017. Interleukin-4 receptor alpha is still required after Th2 polarization for the maintenance and the recall of protective immunity to Nematode infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 11, e0005675 PubMed link
Hoving, J.C., Cutler, A.J., Leeto, M., Horsnell, W.G., Dewals, B.G., Nieuwenhuizen, N.E., Brombacher, F. 2017. Interleukin 13-mediated colitis in the absence of IL-4Ra signalling. Gut. 66: 2037-2039


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HVAC Contractor in Massillon, OH
For more than 15 years, our family-owned company has been providing quality products and unbeatable service. Our knowledgeable staff at Crescenze Cooling & Heating is ready to help ensure your home or business is comfortable and energy-efficient.
HVAC Services
At Crescenze Cooling & Heating, we offer 24-hour service to ensure your HVAC system is always in good working order. As the only authorized Carrier dealer in the county, we take pride in offering the highest-quality heating and cooling systems to our customers. We carry a range of products including furnaces, air conditioners, heat pumps, evaporator coils, and thermostats.
Through a partnership with Wells Fargo Financial National Bank, we are pleased to offer many flexible financing options. Our financing options include an online bill payment option, easy monthly payments, and promotional offers featuring special terms. Use our secure online application to easily apply.
Commercial HVAC
At Crescenze Cooling & Heating, we are happy to handle all of your commercial HVAC needs. Our installation technicians are certified by North American Technician Excellence, the largest non-profit certification organization for HVAC, and refrigeration technicians. We are pleased to meet stringent guidelines for EPA certifications, warranties, liability coverage, insurance, product training and installation, and repair procedures. Whenever possible, we use factory authorized parts to keep your equipment operating at optimum efficiency. We work with all makes and models and offer emergency service when you need it most. We handle everything you need for your business including HVAC system design, installation, and repair.
Nate Certified Contractors
To further ensure your satisfaction, we train our installation technicians extensively so they are the finest, most qualified technicians available.
All of our technicians are NATE certified. Our techs are the best, no compromise!
Click on the logo to learn more.


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Saint Valentine's Day
Saint Valentine's Day, commonly known as Valentine's Day, or the Feast of Saint Valentine, is observed on February 14 each year. Today Valentine's Day is celebrated in many countries around the world, mostly in the West, although it remains a working day in all of them.
Valentine's Day is a Day of Lovers. On this Day couples express their loves to another. Now-a-days, there is a Valentine Week.
1.Rose Day on Feb 7
2.Propose Day on Feb 8
3.Chocolate Day on Feb 9
4.Teddy Day on Feb 10
5.Promise Day on Feb 11
6.Kiss Day on Feb 12
7.Hug Day on Feb 13
And Finally Valentine's Day on Feb 14, Happy Valentines Day.
AdorableTab, added valentines week pics in its Love Image, Quotes and Facebook Timeline Cover categories. Visit categories to grab some more cute Valentine's Day Images.