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Castling is a move in the game of chess involving a player's king and either of the player's original rooks. It is the only move in chess in which a player moves two pieces in the same move, and it is the only move aside from the knight's move where a piece can be said to "jump over" another.[1]
Castling consists of moving the king two squares towards a rook on the player's first rank, then moving the rook to the square over which the king crossed.[2] Castling can only be done if the king has never moved, the rook involved has never moved, the squares between the king and the rook involved are unoccupied, the king is not in check, and the king does not cross over or end on a square in which it would be in check. Castling is one of the rules of chess and is technically a king move (Hooper & Whyld 1992:71).
The notation for castling, in both the descriptive and the algebraic systems, is 0-0 with the kingside rook and 0-0-0 with the queenside rook. (In PGN, O-O and O-O-O are used instead.) Castling on the kingside is sometimes called castling short and castling on the queenside is called castling long – the difference based on whether the rook moves a short distance (two squares) or a long distance (three squares) (Hooper & Whyld 1992).
Castling was added to European chess in the 14th or 15th century and did not develop into its present form until the 17th century. The Asian versions of chess do not have such a move.
Castling is permissible if and only if all of the following conditions hold (Schiller 2001:19):
Conditions 4 through 6 can be summarized with the more memorable phrase: "One cannot castle out of, through, or into check."
It is a common misperception that the requirements for castling are even more stringent than the above.[5] To clarify:
In handicap games where odds of a rook are given, the player giving odds can still castle with the absent rook, moving only the king.[6]
Castling is an important goal in the opening, because it serves two valuable purposes: it moves the king into a safer position away from the center of the board, and it moves the rook to a more active position in the center of the board (it is even possible to checkmate with castling).
The choice as to which side to castle often hinges on an assessment of the trade-off between king safety and activity of the rook. Kingside castling is generally slightly safer, because the king ends up closer to the edge of the board and all the pawns on the castled side are defended by the king. In queenside castling, the king is placed closer to the center and the pawn on the a-file is undefended; the king is thus often moved to the b-file to defend the a-pawn and to move the king away from the center of the board. In addition, queenside castling requires moving the queen; therefore, it may take slightly longer to achieve than kingside castling. On the other hand, queenside castling places the rook more effectively – on the central d-file. It is often immediately active, whereas with kingside castling a tempo may be required to move the rook to a more effective square.
It is common for both players to castle kingside, and rare for both players to castle queenside. If one player castles kingside and the other queenside, it is called opposite (or opposite-side) castling. Castling on opposite sides usually results in a fierce fight as both players' pawns are free to advance to attack the opposing king's castled position without exposing the player's own castled king. An example is the Yugoslav Attack, in the Dragon Variation of the Sicilian Defence.
If the king is forced to move before it has the opportunity to castle, the player may still wish to maneuver the king towards the edge of the board and the corresponding rook towards the center. When a player takes three or four moves to accomplish what castling would have accomplished in one move, it is sometimes called artificial castling, or castling by hand.
Under the strict touch-move rules enforced in most tournaments, castling is considered a king move. But under current US Chess Federation rules, a player who intends to castle and touches the rook first would suffer no penalty, and would be permitted to perform castling, provided castling is legal in the position. Still, the correct way to castle is to first move the king. As usual, the player's mind may change between all legal destination squares for the king until it is released. When the two-square king move is completed, however, the player has formally chosen to castle (if it is legal), and the rook must be moved accordingly. A player who performs a forbidden castling must return the king and the rook to their original places and then move the king, if there is another legal king move, including castling on the other side. If there is no legal king move, the touch-move rule does not apply to the rook (Just & Burg 2003:13–14,17–18,23).
It is also required by the official rules that the entire move be completed using only a single hand. Neither of these rules is commonly enforced in casual play, nor commonly known by non-competitive players (Just & Burg 2003:13–14,17–18,23).
The right to castle must be the same in all three positions for a valid draw claim under the threefold repetition rule.
Some chess variants, for example Chess960, have modified castling rules to handle modified starting positions. Castling can also be adapted to large chess variants, like Capablanca chess, which is played on a 10×8 board.
In chess problems, castling is assumed to be allowed if it appears possible, unless it can be proved by retrograde analysis that either the king or chosen rook has previously moved.
1.e4 e6 2.d4 d5 3.Be3 Nf6 4.e5 Nfd7 5.f4 c5 6.c3 Nc6 7.Nf3 Qb6 8.Qd2 c4 9.Be2 Na5 10.0-0 f5 11.Ng5 Be7 12.g4 Bxg5 13.fxg5 Nf8 14.gxf5 exf5 15.Bf3 Be6 16.Qg2 0-0-0 17.Na3 Ng6 18.Qd2 f4 19.Bf2 Bh3 20.Rfb1 Bf5 21.Nc2 h6 22.gxh6 Rxh6 23.Nb4 Qe6 24.Qe2 Ne7 25.b3 Qg6+ 26.Kf1 Bxb1 27.bxc4 dxc4 28.Qb2 Bd3+ 29.Ke1 Be4 30.Qe2 Bxf3 31.Qxf3 Rxh2 32.d5 Qf5 33.0-0-0 Rh3 34.Qe2 Rxc3+ 35.Kb2 Rh3 36.d6 Nec6 37.Nxc6 Nxc6 38.e6 Qe5+ 39.Qxe5 Nxe5 40.d7+ Nxd7 0–1
In this game[9] between Yuri Averbakh and Cecil Purdy, Black castled queenside. Averbakh pointed out that the rook passed over a square controlled by White and thought it was illegal. Purdy proved that the castling was legal since this applies only to the king, to which Averbakh replied "Only the king? Not the rook?" (Evans 1970:38–39), (Lombardy & Daniels 1975:188).
In this game between [10] Black had just played 17...Kg1. White could have checkmated by 18.0-0-0# but instead played 18.Kd2#.[11] (See Edward Lasker's notable games.)
This game between Lodewijk Prins and Lawrence Day ended in a checkmate by castling: 31...0-0-0#.[12] (See Lawrence Day' notable chess games.)
In the game Feuer–O'Kelly, Belgian Championship 1934, Feuer perpetrated what later became known as a famous opening trap against O'Kelly when he castled queenside with check, simultaneously attacking and winning O'Kelly's rook on b2, which had captured Feuer's pawn on that square.
Castling has its roots in the "king's leap". There were two forms of the leap: (1) the king could move once like a knight, and (2) the king could move two squares on his first move. The knight-move could be used early in the game to get the king to safety or later in the game to escape a threat. This second form was played in Europe as early as the 13th Century. In North Africa, the king was moved to a safe square by a two-step procedure: (1) the king moved to the second rank and (2) the rook moved to the king's original square and the king moved to the rook's original square (Davidson 1981:48).
Before the bishop and queen acquired their current moves in the 16th Century they were weak pieces and the king was relatively safe in the middle of the board. When the bishop and queen got their current moves they became very powerful and the king was no longer safe on its original square, since it can be attacked from a distance and from both sides. Castling was added to allow the king to get to a safer location and to allow rooks to get into the game earlier (Davidson 1981:16).
The rule of castling has varied by location and time. In medieval England, Spain, and France, the white king was allowed to jump to c1, c2, d3, e3, f3, or g1,[13] if no capture was made, the king was not in check, and did not move over check. (The black king could move similarly.) In Lombardy, the white king could jump an additional square to b1 or h1 or to a2 (and equivalent squares for the black king). Later in Germany and Italy, the king move was combined with a pawn move.
In Rome from the early 17th century until the late 19th century, the rook could be placed on any square up to and including the king's square, and the king could be moved to any square on the other side of the rook. This was called "free castling".
In the Göttingen manuscript (c. 1500) and a game published by Luis Ramírez de Lucena in 1498, castling consisted of two moves: first the rook and then the king.
The current version of castling was established in France in 1620 and England in 1640 (Sunnucks 1970:66).
In the 1811 edition of his chess treatise, Johann Allgaier introduced the 0-0 notation. He differentiated between "0-0r" (r=right) and "0-0l" (l=left). The 0-0-0 notation for queenside castling was added in 1837 by Aaron Alexandre.[14] The practice was then accepted in the first edition (1843) of the Handbuch des Schachspiels.
Castling is in most European languages other than English known as "roszada", "rochieren", "rochada", "enroque", "rošáda", "arrocco", "rokada", "рокировка", or some other derivative of the same root (from which also the English word "rook" is derived), while the local adjectives meaning "long" and "short" (or "big" and "small") are used in those countries to refer to queenside and kingside castling, respectively.
Fide, Chess tournament, Chess piece, Intelligence, Queen (chess)
Chess, Morse Code, Fide, Chess piece, Descriptive chess notation
Chess, Fide, Computer chess, Time control, Berlin
Chess, Double check, Fide, Checkmate, Rules of chess
Time control, Chessboard, Chess, Promotion (chess), Correspondence chess
Chess, Fide, Computer chess, Correspondence chess, Chess notation
Chess, Ruy Lopez, Queen's Gambit, Sicilian Defence, English opening
Chess, Chess piece, Persian language, Fide, King (chess)


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BC: Fionn mac Cumhail, known in English as Finn MacCool, is a legendary Irish warrior and hero, similar to the English Robin Hood and sometimes described as a giant who helped build the Giant's Causeway on the northeast coast of Northern Ireland. Fionn was not only incredibly strong but he was also extremely brave, handsome, generous, and wise. The name Fionn means fair. We chose our son's Irish name while awaiting his arrival. Much to our delight, he chose to celebrate his Irish name by arriving on St. Patrick's Day! Although we have chosen to use the Gaelic-Irish spelling Fionn, our son's name is simply pronounced "Finn." | Fionn
FC: Fionn Alexander Criscione | Big Sister Rylan Mackenzie is happy to announce the birth of her little brother | MARCH 17, 2011 7 POUNDS, 8.4 OUNCES, AND 19 1/4 INCHES | With Love, | Jeff, Andrea, and Rylan Criscione

subset: commoncrawl


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Today we are having Sunday Brunch at a moovelous place in Smithtown, NY called "Maureen's Kitchen". Everything there is themed with cow spots! It is really a moorific place and I feel at home there. I try to wear my cowgirl dress so I have black spots when I go there. I ordered a fruit plate and chocolate chip pancakes ... with a cup of cowfee, of course!
Brunch at Maureen's Kitchen
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Labels: maureen's kitchen, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, smithtown
Chick-Fil-A .... MOORAY!!!
When I travel to the South, my favorite snackage is Chick-fil-A. First they serve chicken and not cows. Secondly, they have the best shakes in the world. They are WAY too big for me drink the whole thing but if my Keeper holds the up for me, I can sip and sip away. Of course, the fries are the bomb -- how can you not fall in love with a crisp waffle fry with every bite? My only cowplaint is that they won't use me in their ads. I think it is time for a feminine bovine to be in their cowmericials ... plus I think their mascot is super handsome, and doesn't every bovine deserve a hot bull?!
Labels: chick-fil-a, cowplaint, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, peach shake, snackage, waffle fry
MOOLETTE SIGHTING: Adventureland: Melville, NY
Labels: adventureland, Moo Cow, moolette sighting, moorific, My Cow Moo
mother's day snackage
Holy Spots! I made cake pops and cake balls for Mother's Day. They take much longer to make than a traditional cowcake but I had five orders to fulfill for the holiday. I finished my deliveries by 3pm but then I had to make treatola for my family dinner and my date with my Mooma. I made chocolate fudge cakes with pink and white chocolate dip. I wont lie - they are scrumdelish!
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Labels: cowcakes, Moo Cow, mooma, My Cow Moo, snackage
Mail Day!
Mail Call! Today I got a ton of boxes in the snail mail. They were too heavy for me to carry to my cowdominum but luckily Handsome Harry was home to help me. I have been getting a lot of special requests for my My Cow Moo merchandise which makes me overjoyed. This week alone we had two orders for my cowstumized Flip video camera. My SIGG water bottles have been hot. I love to know that people are recycling!
Labels: cowstumized, flip, Moo Cow, my cow moo, My Cow Moo, sigg water bottle
Snackage Date
Today I had a date for snackage at PF Changs. I just love to have chinese food and PF Changs makes the best lettuce wraps! There is nothing prettier than a cup of food surround my cool iceberg. We had lots of other little snacks too but this was my favorite. The only thing better was the cowpany!!! Moooray -- what more could a bovine ask for?
Labels: Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, My Cow Moo snackage, pf changs, snackage
Baba the Fig Tree
Meet the newest addition to my Garden for 2011 -- Baba the Fig Tree! I looove figs and have been lucky enough to sample from my neighbor's tree but I enjoy so many different types of Figgy snackage that I thought having my own tree would be better and more reliable. We bought Brown Turkish figs because they are supposed to the sweetest. So far there are four figgies growing but I hope if I talk to Baba everyday, she will grow to be big and strong. The white stuff around Baba's base is Lime. The man at the Nursery said that the plants looooove Lime. I was excited -- who doesn't like citrus? And maybe Baba and I could have moogaritas ... but the man laughed when I said that. I don't know why it was funny but my spots started to blush. It turns out he meant lime powder for gardens. Who knew?!
Labels: fig tree, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, My Cow Moo snackage, turkish figs
Food is LOVE!
As many of my cowpals know, I believe that Food is love. When you cook for someone, you are sharing of yourself in the most loving way possible. I try to cook for my family and cowpals as often as I can because there is nothing better than feeding the soul with love. Today Chef Anthony at the Brooklyn warmed my soul with lovin -- he made me a heart shaped pizza! I was blushing when I saw it; and I won't lie -- It made me feel VERY special. I gave him a smooch... it was the least I could do. When I got home, we reheated the snackage and I shared it with my keepers because "sharing is CARING and caring is FUN!!!"
Breakfast in Bed.
Today is a special day -- my Keeper is letting me have breakfast in bed. I won't lie -- my bed is my favorite place to be. Not just because the headboard is shaped like my face, but because it is so warm and cozy. Plus, I have a remoote control TV now that I am a big girl cow. I looove to watch cowtoons. We made waffles today and that is a BIG treat. Even better -- we made Red Velvet waffles. Talk about treatola. Cowpletely Delish!!!
Labels: breakfast in bed, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, red velvet, remoote, snackage in bed, waffles
Moosical Mail!
For the love of Moo!!! My package was moooovelous. It was filled with a Box o' Lovin from my favorite little Brownies. Inside was a moosical box that had a moovelous photo mooment of the troops in Group 2552 and noteage from each of the Brownies I met in March AND a note from each new cowpal. It is going to take me hours to read them all ... and even longer to write back but I am so excited that my spots are glowing!!!
Labels: Moo Cow, mooovelous, moosical, My Cow Moo, noteage
Mail Call
Labels: Moo Cow, mooray, My Cow Moo, snail mail
Rainbow Ice is Oh, So Nice!
I had a craving for an Italian Ice today. There is only one place I could think of to solve my craving -- The Brooklyn Square in Seaford, NY. They serve Uncle Louie Gee's ices. They have so many flavors to choose from but Rainbow is my standby flavor. I got a kiddie cup but it was sooo huge that I could only eat half. I took a menu home with me so my keepers could order that yummy square slice for me! MOOORAY!!!
Labels: italian ice, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, the brooklyn square, uncle louie g's
Magnolia Days
It was a beautiful day today -- the sun was shining, the air was warm and my Magnolia tree was in full bloom. I love to spend time hanging around in the tree; there are only a few days before the petals fly away and it turns green and leafy. The magnolia leaves are not only pretty but extremely delicious!!! I spent as many hours as I could outside today because the weatherman says it will rain all week. I hope all of these April Showers bring beautiful May flowers!
Labels: april showers, magnolia, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo
Dessert Time
The best part of any holiday is dessert time. I couldn't wait to show off my Cake Pop Display; I knew my Auntie Janine would be in heaven with her chocolate cowvered Peeps ESPECIALLY because I left them unwrapped for two days. She likes them a little stale. While my presentation was moovelous, I could tell that someone had hit the cake pops before dessert -- we were missing quite a few; always a good sign!!! My Aunt Janine made me a special cake that looked like a Sandwich. It was so big that I could have slept on it but when I took the first bite, I squealed with joy -- it was stuffed with Nutella!!! Scrumdelish!!! We were only 10 people but we had an embarrassment of desserts -- cookies, cowcakes, pineapple, peeps ... oh my!
Labels: easter, easter bonnet, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, peeps, snackage by moo
Easter Sunday
I started Easter Sunday by watching Easter Parade, as every young girl should. It is one of my favorite moovies. I love to play dress up and on Easter Sunday I get to wear a Bonnet AND a pretty dress. Hello? HI! What more could a bovine ask for? I brought appetizers to our family gathering -- I made something new that I hoped my Nannie would love: Dried Apricots with Blue Cheese, Candied Walnuts and Rosemary. I won't lie -- they were a huge hit. I have never had a dried apricot before but my flavors definitely worked well together. My Uncy Rob at six of them so I know that they were scrumdelish!!!
Labels: easter bonnet, easter parade, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, snackage by moo
Snackage by Moo: Cake Pops!
As delicious as my cowcakes are, everyone expects me to make them for holiday meals. I knew that I had to pull out all of the stops to impress my Uncy Rob for Easter. And I knew that only one thing could do that -- Cake Pops!!! I have becowme cowpletely obsessed with the thought of a bite-size piece of cake on a lollipop stick. But outside of Starbucks, I have never seen them. I knew if I busted my hooves, I could whip up something scrumdelish. I made pistachio and red velvet cakes and made little cake balls shaped like eggs. Once they were set in the fridge, I melted chocolate and dipped each cake so it would look like an Easter Egg. Then I spent hours decowrating them. I won't lie -- I'm going to sleep like a little sheep tonight. I wanted to make sure that my presentation was moorific so I dipped Peeps in chocolate to put around the base of my display. I know everyone is going to be super impressed tomorrow! MOORAY!!!
Labels: cake pops, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, peeps, snackage by moo
Easter Snackage
Tomorrow is Easter Sunday. We are going to my Uncle Rob's house. I'm super excited -- I get to wear a pretty dress, an Easter bonnet AND eat yummy snackage. Uncy Rob is a five-star chef. My spots were glowing when he asked me to make snackage -- both appetizers and desserts. It has been two weeks since my cowsins tried my Dark Chocolate Stuffed Cowcakes and I knew that I had made quite a few improvements since their first tasting. In honor of Easter I used different colored swirls to make the tray look moolicious. Knock wood -- I think they will be a hit!
Labels: cowcakes, easter, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, snackage by moo
One of my favorite holiday treats is MatzohBrie. My Auntie Ellen always makes it for us during Passover; we usually have it for a Friday Brunch. It is similiar to French Toast but has Matzoh instead of bread. She adds syrup on top with a little sugar it makes my snout tingle with joy! There is nothing better than sampling all of the holiday snackage -- i think that is the best thing about holidays. I wonder what food there will be for Easter!!!
Labels: choocolate covered matzoh, holidays, matzoh brie, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, passover
2nd Night o'Passover
For the second night of Passover, I was asked to bring snackage. I love to make a cowtribution and there is nothing more loving than making food for your friends and family. Passover is about having sweet treats so I made a fruit platter for all of the skinny cows who are watching their figures that was accowpanied by a Marshmallow & Cream Cheese Dip and a Chocolate Cream Cheese Dip. I thought it would be a nice change from cowcakes -- and you cant eat bread of Passover so it would have been a cowtastrophe to bring a tray of cowcakes! I also made Chocolate covered Matzoh because I thought my cowsins would really enjoy it! I was right -- they loved the Matzoh sticks. As a goof, I brought them in my Christmas tin. I thought it would make everyone laugh -- and it did!!!
Passover Dinner
Tonight is the first night of Passover and I am spending it at my Cowsin Heather's house. She is the mooma for my cowsin Jack. Passover is a big family night. We eat a lot of bitter herbs and Matzoh instead of regular bread. We also read from the Haggadah before dinner. Once we read 20 pages, we get to have Matzoh Ball Soup and I am a happy little cow. I am the youngest child at the table so I get to read the questions about what makes tonight different than all of the other nights. It makes me a little nervous to read outloud but I took my time to make certain that I didn't skip any words.
Labels: haggadah, Moo Cow, My Cow Moo, passover, snackage by moo
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A very Happy Wednesday to all my beautiful readers. Hope you all had a rocking past week and are continuing to enjoy the small things, this week.
To me, returning back to blogging after a week long hiatus is a heart-pounding treat. Honestly, I don't wish to bore you all with why I went MIA, especially with how I was busy ( in something- don't know what thing ), how I lacked motivation to blog or how we made an impromptu weekend trip to NY to be with family.....OOPS you got me !!!! All I wish to say is- "I am back and in style with a pink monochromatic look to celebrate the
spring summer weather.
Monochromatic has been and continues to be a big runway trend and this spring was no exception. I have lined up a 3 day, 3 monochromatic looks to be featured on the blog this week. So stay tuned for a 3 day, color, texture and pattern mix recipe on my blog !!!
I have linked up at http://blog.tandjdesigns.com/, and submitted my look for a chance at winning this ..
I have linked up at http://blog.tandjdesigns.com/, and submitted my look for a chance at winning this ..
Outfit details
skort - Loft ( now on sale, similar, great pattern)
top- Loft ( here on clearance, similar, DVF option )
blazer - Forever 21 ( similar now on sale, similar )
pumps- Style & co via Macy's ( identical, textured version, in patent leather)
cuff bracelet - Forever 21 ( similar, similar here, topshop option)
More options to shop the above look- click, click and keep clicking:-


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James Monroe High (JMHS) Class of 1951 Alumni List
Help us Update the James Monroe High 1951 Class List by adding any names missing from the list below:
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1951 Class List
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Quo Vadis? was the top movie in theaters in 1951, with a lifetime gross of over $30,000,000. Among TV shows in 1951, Texaco Star Theater was the most popular of the year.
Reunions and James Monroe High School News
More 1951 alumni from James Monroe HS Lindside, WV have posted profiles on Classmates.com®. Click here to register for free at Classmates.com® and view other 1951 alumni.
The students that went to school at the Lindside high school called James Monroe High School and graduated in '51 are on this page. Register to add your name to the class of 1951 graduates list.
We also encourage you to keep up to date on news and reconnect with James Monroe High School alumni.


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The release notes for Moments 1.2.0-0638 state:
Supports Shared Photo Library, allowing admins and authorized users to collaboratively edit the photos and albums in there.
But how you do that is not obvious.
Here's what you do
1. Log in with any administrator account
2. Go into Moments
3. In the bottom left corner, click on your profile picture (or letter, if you haven't entered a profile pic) and choose Settings. Then follow the steps shown below.
That completes setup
Accessing the Shared Library
Every user to whom you granted Shared Library permissions will now have this drop down (A) when they enter Moments and can switch to it.
(C) It doesn't matter that Photo Station already has the images indexed. Moments needs to build its own index, so you will have to wait for the grey placeholders to resolve to thumbnails
That's all there is to it!
Paul Barrett


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We Climate Change Activists Are Not Serious Enough!Our culture is the ultimate in superficiality.We seek to maximize public support. Such is the way of most political activism.Beyond the breadth of…Continue
Tags: change, movement, climate, by, resistance
Started this discussion. Last reply by Balamurali Balaji Aug 30, 2011. 8 Replies 1 Like
Tonight I returned from making a 5 minute presentation to a third of the nonviolent direct action workshop at Powershift 2011 at the DC Convention Center. I had expected to speak to the whole…Continue
David Slesinger has not received any gifts yet
FOR began in 1915 in Europe. So, there have been many actions and many CDs. I am unaware of quilty pleas by FOR members for CDs, but I do not know about most of the actions. Peace, Bernie
PS I have done many CDs or better Citizen Interventions, one Court appearance just last Monday for Blocking the entrance to Sub Base Bangor on the Hood Canal in Washington State. Trident Subs carrying nuclear weapons.
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Company Press Release
BALTIMORE, May 1, 2012 /PRNewswire via COMTEX/ -- T. Rowe Price Group TROW -1.21% announced that it has closed its high yield bond funds, effective yesterday, including the Investor Class shares (PRHYX) and the Advisor Class shares (PAHIX) of the High Yield Fund and the separate Institutional High Yield Fund (TRHYX). The mutual funds were closed to protect the interests of existing investors. However, the funds will continue to accept additional investments from existing shareholders and direct rollovers from qualified retirement plans into new T. Rowe Price IRAs.
T. Rowe Price manages $21 billion in dedicated high yield portfolios, including $9.2 billion in the High Yield Fund and $2.5 billion in the Institutional High Yield Fund as of March 31, 2012. The high yield funds invest primarily in a diversified portfolio of high yield corporate ("junk") bonds and floating rate bank loans.
The funds were last closed in February 2004 and reopened in February 2007. T. Rowe Price offers other funds that provide investors with exposure to high yield investments, including the Tax-Free High Yield Fund (PRFHX), Floating Rate Fund (PRFRX), Spectrum Income Fund (RPSIX), and Strategic Income Fund (PRSNX).
"The high yield market has seen an incredible rally over the past three years, which has helped the High Yield Fund generate a 21% net annualized return over that time frame," said Mark Vaselkiv, portfolio manager of the High Yield Fund and head of the taxable high yield bond team. "Capital appreciation has significantly increased both high yield funds' assets and enhanced investor demand. The low interest rate environment has also prompted income-seeking investors to consider this sector, and some of the strong flows into our high yield funds reflect their increased appetite for yield.
"If flows were to continue at this pace, though, it could eventually strain our ability to invest efficiently and result in an over-diversified fund with a less effective investment strategy. We are committed to investing in a manner consistent with the funds' objectives," said Mr. Vaselkiv.
In the first three months of 2012, the High Yield Fund had $266 million in new cash flows, and the Institutional High Yield Fund had $361 million. During 2011, the High Yield Fund had $112 million in new cash flows, and the Institutional High Yield Fund had $709 million.
The High Yield Fund's average annual total returns were 5.05%, 7.06%, and 8.40% for the 1-, 5-, and 10-year periods, respectively, as of March 31, 2012. The fund's expense ratio was 0.74% as of its fiscal year ended May 31, 2011.
Click here for the High Yield Fund's most recent performance. Current performance may be higher or lower than the quoted past performance, which cannot guarantee future results. Share price, principal value, yield, and return will vary, and you may have a gain or loss when you sell your shares.
The performance information shown does not reflect the deduction of a 2.00% redemption fee on shares held for 90 days or less; if it did, the performance would be lower.
The funds' prospectuses, which are available at troweprice.com or by calling 1-800-541-8803, include investment objectives, risks, fees, expenses, and other information that you should read and consider carefully before investing. T. Rowe Price Investment Services, Inc., Distributor.
High yield bonds carry a greater default risk than higher-rated bonds. The funds are also subject to interest rate risk and, potentially, liquidity risk.
Founded in 1937, Baltimore-based T. Rowe Price is a global investment management organization with $554.8 billion in assets under management as of March 31, 2012. The firm provides a broad array of mutual funds, subadvisory services, and separate account management for individual and institutional investors, retirement plans, and financial intermediaries. The organization also offers a variety of sophisticated investment planning and guidance tools. T. Rowe Price's disciplined, risk-aware investment approach focuses on diversification, style consistency, and fundamental research.
SOURCE T. Rowe Price Group
Copyright (C) 2012 PR Newswire. All rights reserved


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iPod Touch Spare Parts
Aviso is a one-stop Wholesaler of repair parts and replacement parts for iPod touch, as well as iPod touch accessories at wholesale prices. To browse wholesale category for full reanges of repiar parts to repair your iPod touch. whether it is complete front screen assembly, touch panel with digitizer, the lcd screen disply, flx cable, Buzzer ringer speaker, back covers, full housing, battery, or other touch spare parts, we are the reliable wholesaler at wholesale prices.
We sell all the ipod nano spare parts replacement parts at wholesale prices and reliable quality. So do not forget to browse our other spare parts for iPod Video, iPod Classic, iPod Mini, iPod Touch
Narrow by Categories:
Original Front Screen Replacement for iPod Touch 5, WhiteSKU: AIPO100000055
Original LCD Digitizer Assembly Replacement for iPod Touch 5, BlackSKU: AIPO100000054
Rear Housing Replacement Parts for iPod Touch 5 GreenSKU: AIPO100000053
Blue Back Housing Replacement Parts for iPod Touch 5SKU: AIPO100000052
Red Back Housing Replacement Parts for iPod Touch 5SKU: AIPO100000051
Silver Back Housing Replacement Parts for iPod Touch 5SKU: AIPO100000050
Back Cover Replacement Housing for iPod Touch 5 BlackSKU: AIPO100000049
iPod Touch 4 Color LCD Screen AssemblySKU: AIPO100000045
iPod Touch 4 White Complete Front Screen AssemblySKU: AIPO100000043
iPod Touch 4 Digitizer Touch Panel/Touch ScreenSKU: AIPO100000041
iPod Touch 4 LCD Screen DisplaySKU: AIPO100000040
iPod Touch 4 Black LCD Digitizer AssemblySKU: AIPO100000039
iPod Touch 4 Battery ReplacementSKU: AIPO100000042
iPod Touch 4 Mirror LCD Assembly with Touch Screen DigitizerSKU: AIPO100000044
Battery Replacement for iTouch 2nd GenSKU: AIPO100000027
Battery Replacement 900mAh for iTouch 1st GenSKU: AIPO100000016
iPod Touch 1st Gen Headphone Jack ReplacementSKU: AIPO100000017
1st Gen iPod Touch Rear Cover Case 32GB / 16GB / 8GB ReplacementSKU: AIPO100000015
iPod Touch 2nd Gen Rear Cover Case 32GB / 16GB / 8GB ReplacementSKU: AIPO100000026
1st iPod Touch Digitizer Replacement for iTouch RepairSKU: AIPO100000014
iPod Touch LCD Screen Display for iTouch 1st GenSKU: AIPO100000013
iPod Touch LCD Screen Replacement for iTouch 3rd Gen RepairSKU: AIPO100000034
iPod Touch 2nd Gen Wifi Cover Plastic Rear GuardSKU: AIPO100000025
iPod Touch Headphone Jack / Socket for 2nd Gen iTouchSKU: AIPO100000024
Wholesale iPod Touch Parts Wholesale | iPod Touch Repair Parts | iPod Accessories
What kind of iPod Touch Spare Parts is the exactly one I need? That's really important before buying a new parts. For cracked glass screen, or the touch panel won't respond, then a new touch screen digitizer is needed. If the lcd display has inky spots issues, Aviso offers a replacement LCD screen that can resolve the issue. All lcd screen display issues can be fixed with our replacement LCD screen. If the home button doesn't work, then our replacement home button is the wonderful choice, as it is desinged to fit your smartphone perfectly. If the battery can't be charged, or it drains fast, we have a replacement battery collection to solve your problem. Whatever iPod Touch Spare Parts you need just browse all the categories and selet what you are looking for.
Within our collection of iPod Touch Spare Parts wholesale, you will found almost repair parts to fix iPhone, iPad, Samsung, HTC smartphones, as well as other branded phones. When you order parts from Aviso, we ensure you are getting a brand new iPod Touch Parts Wholesale | iPod Touch Repair Parts | iPod Accessories of the highest quality, whoever you are the wholesaler, local distributor, importer, repair shops... We always offer competitive prices with reliable quality. Any questions on the screen display, faceplate housings, charging docking flex cables or others, please feel free to contact us, we are happy to help.
Запчасти для iPhone, iPad


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PDSA is committed to developing talent through Apprenticeships and Qualifications where opportunities arise. Apprentices and Students ensure that the PDSA has the practical skills and qualifications our organisation needs now, and in the future. The mixture of on and off job learning ensures that individuals learn the skills that work best for them and PDSA. We aim to provide tools and support in partnership with external providers to set our people up for a successful career at PDSA and beyond.
What's the difference between an Apprentice and Student?
An Apprentice is an employee working at least 30 hours* per week who is completing an Apprenticeship standard or framework which may include a qualification. A Student is an employee who is completing a qualification alongside their work where the relevant Apprenticeship Standard or Framework is not available.
*In exceptional circumstances, hours less than 30 could be considered.
Who can be an Apprentice?
To qualify for an Apprenticeship, individuals need to:
- Be eligible to work in the UK
- Must not already hold related qualifications at a level above that of the Apprenticeship
- Must meet the standard required through a skills assessment during the recruitment process.
What we offer
Our Apprenticeship and Student programmes will both stretch and support you, to help you achieve your unique potential and place you on a successful career path. As a PDSA Apprentice/Student, you'll receive structured learning both for the specific role and for the organisation. You will have support and guidance from technical experts, mentors and others in our programme network.
Types of programme
Veterinary Care Assistants
As an Apprentice or Student Veterinary Care Assistant you will provide a high standard of customer service and clinical care – and you'll promote pet wellbeing. You will support our clinical team to deliver preventive services and treat the sick and injured pets of eligible clients.
You'll be part of the team that supports the PDSA Pet Hospital Veterinary Nurses and Veterinary Surgeons. You will also take care of the wellbeing of pets by maintaining a clean and hygienic environment at all times, assisting with animal handling, working at reception and encouraging financial contributions from clients. As a PDSA Veterinary Apprentice/Student, you can develop your experience and skills in small animal practice.
Help and support will always be available as you'll be part of a large, experienced team.
This role is an excellent starting point if you want a career within a veterinary practice.


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The Value of Volunteering
Volunteering is a great way to develop personal and professional leadership skills for career development and the best way to get the most value out of SMPS and your membership. Chairing or serving on a committee can be an excellent resume builder, which also enhances your marketability.
Volunteers have lots of strengths and perhaps a few weaknesses; they come in all shapes and sizes. They make the association run like clockwork. Before volunteering, you may want to ask yourself – What individual, personal, and professional goals are relevant? Why do I want to serve in a volunteer role?
Are you passionate about something within the organization? Are you looking to use existing skills and build new skills? When you determine the path you will travel, your personal commitment will motivate you to benefit from your decision.
Volunteering is also a great way to build relationships for possible teaming opportunities as well as life-long friendships. Where else would you have an opportunity to network with your peers around your professional background or interests?
For a chapter to remain healthy and get fresh ideas, bringing new members into the organization's leadership and committee level roles is exciting. This is an opportunity to take your membership to the next level. It can be so predictable for the same people to remain on a board or committee. Involving new people provides a more collaborative outcome and less time commitment for each volunteer.
Is serving on a committee an honor? Is it just one more thing to add to your to-do list? Or, is a combination of both? Most definitely, it is a commitment.
Be prepared to work hard – set strategic goals and realistic timeframes. You will want to be accountable for the goals you set. Make sure you write them down. A tangible goal is more likely to be obtained.
Going above and beyond, and setting high expectations will probably net you higher results. As with any volunteer position, there is always a limited amount of time that you can devote. Don't forget to celebrate your milestone successes.
If you are currently volunteering, I would challenge you to recruit another volunteer. Even as marketers, many of us would not out-right make the call to volunteer for a committee or board position. However, if we are asked to participate, we will probably be flattered and most likely say 'yes' to the opportunity.
Like some members of my church have stated, "If Pastor Lee calls to ask you to volunteer for a committee, there is no way you will say 'no' to him."
No matter where or why you volunteer, have fun!
By Kim Niedzielski, FSMPS, CPSM
SMPS St. Louis Chapter champion
Senior Marketing Manager
HGA Architects and Engineers
Minneapolis, Minnesota


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Clovis News
Valley news of the week -- July 4-10
Some other stuff happened -- well, let's be honest, a lot of bad stuff happened -- last week. But there was some good news too: a young actor from the Valley won an Emmy nomination.
Here are the top stories of the past week, along with selected comments posted by readers on fresnobee.com.
Evidence lost
What happened: A judge dismissed murder charges against a defendant charged with killing two men at a 1995 party after prosecutors said authorities had inadvertently destroyed much of the evidence against them years ago.
What it means: District Attorney Elizabeth Egan declined to explain why prosecutors had failed to tell court officials to preserve the evidence after an earlier defendant was acquitted. The mistake occurred in 1998, before she took office.
What readers said:
"WOW again the DA drops the ball, they spent millions on a tattoo kid case and they destroy evidence on a double pc 187, and they cry about funding."
-- darturo4163
"Some one has really messed up on this one and they should pay with their job. What a black eye for the DA's office."
-- ontac55
Meth labs down
What happened: A new federal report showed a dramatic decline in seizures of clandestine methamphetamine laboratories -- once a raging problem in the Central Valley.
What it means: Federal officials suggested that a new law restricting purchase of medication that can be used to produce the illegal drug had driven its manufacture to Mexico.
What readers said:
"Some things are simply a matter of ease & convenience. Introducing a little inconvenience can really help decrease a problematic behavior. It's refreshing to read of a wisely crafted, effective law."
-- janbalcom
Eatery closes
What happened: The Original Coney Island, a Fresno institution that opened in 1923, has closed.
What it means: Owners of the downtown hot-dog eatery, which had survived the Great Depression, said they were done in by the Great Recession.
What readers said:
"It is so sad to see Coney Island closed, I can remember this place as a youngster. I think downtown Fresno has really lost a staple."
-- bmorton2007
"So sad to see! I always enjoyed coming down to this place, albeit it wasn't terribly often. Such good food for so cheap, people were so nice, and I just loved the sense of history and nostalgic atmosphere it created."
-- jacksonfive
Layoffs challenged
What happened: Union attorneys representing employees of the Fresno County Public Defender's office told a judge that the county's staffing cuts violated both local and federal law.
What it means: Budget cuts not only violated Constitutional rights of defendants, but also circumvented a county law requiring four of five supervisors to approve outsourcing of work, they argued. Lawyers for the county disputed the claims. The judge must rule in 90 days.
What readers said:
"A legal fight ? There is no money ... When you work for an entity that makes no money ... this is what happens ... there is nothing illegal about it."
-- dave65652002
"This is an outrage! These lawyers need to grow up. I don't want to be laid off just like the next person but this is life."
-- elguapo
"The litigation is NOT about being childish nor is it about growing up. It is centered around the Board of Supervisors' failure to realize that they must appropriately fund legally mandated services."
-- Usahqjcsin
Memorial defaced
What happened: In an apparent reaction to the manslaughter sentence given a Bay Area transit police officer who was accused of murdering a suspect, someone vandalized a police memorial in downtown Fresno.
What it means: The white paint was quickly removed, but the cleaning caused damage that will require repair.
What readers said:
"I understand people's frustration with the verdict, however, defacing a memorial for officers who have given their lives is atrocious. It's one thing to be upset and protest but to resort to this type of behavior makes me embarrassed of Americans."
-- veritasaequitas
"Hate to say this. But shouldnt there be a memorial for people unjustly shot harassed or arrested on false pretenses. There wouldnt be enough room for that monument."
-- DaveCabano1
Emmy nod
What happened: Chris Colfer, a 2008 Clovis East High School grad, was nominated for an Emmy for his role on the hit comedy show "Glee."
What it means: Colfer, 20, faces stiff competition for best supporting actor in a comedy series. But he is the first Valley actor nominated for a continuing TV role since Mike Connors, star of the 1970s private-eye show "Mannix."
What readers said:
"Yay for Chris! We are so proud of you!!!"
-- ronandruby


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Click here for the Official Rules governing the 2019 IRONMAN World Championship Hawaiian Drawing.
Q. When does registration for the 2019 IRONMAN World Championship Hawaiian Drawing begin?
Registration opens on January 15, 2019 at 12:00 PM HST
Q. Is there a fee for the 2019 IRONMAN World Championship Hawaiian Drawing?
No. There is not an entry fee to enter the Hawaiian Drawing
Q. What is the deadline to complete my application?
The deadline to complete your registration is February 26, 2019, 11:59 PM HST
Q. How do I register for the 2019 IRONMAN World Championship Hawaiian Drawing?
Applicants must complete the online registration between January 15, 2019 – February 26, 2019
Q. What is required to register and be eligible?
Please refer to the Official Rules above.
Q. When will the selected entrants be notified?
On March 15, 2019 Sponsor will select a total of twenty (20) entrants (herein referred to as individually as a "Selected Entrant") from all eligible entries and those selected shall be announced on March 22, 2019. Twenty (20) entrants shall be selected from those eligible entries who are residents of Hawaii.
Q. If I'm selected, when will I receive my registration link?
The Selected Entrants will be notified by email (at the email address provided by such Selected Entrant) and will receive all relevant documents and materials on or before March 29, 2019.
Q. If selected, do I have to pay an entry fee for the IRONMAN World Championship?
Yes. Athletes selected must pay the $975 USD plus processing fee to compete in the 2019 IRONMAN World Championship
Q. If selected, do I need to validate my IRONMAN World Championship slot?
Yes. Selected Entrants must validate their IRONMAN World Championship slot by completing a USAT sanctioned triathlon of 1.2-mile swim, 56-mile bike and 13.1 mile run or greater between October 13, 2018 and August 18, 2019. Upon completion, official race results must be submitted to [email protected] for approval.
Q. How many entrants will be selected?
Twenty (20)
Q. If I have questions, who can I contact?
Please email [email protected] or call the IRONMAN Kona Office at (808) 329 0063


text: ZUMJ is an open access, international, bi-monthly, double-blinded peer-reviewed medical journal. It publishes original and high-quality research, case reports and reviews in all fields of clinical and basic medical sciences. The journal aims to provide and exchange the most recent and up-date medical knowledge all over the world. ZUMJ is the official publication of "Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt"; founded since 1977.


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AG Dry Shampoo - Light Brown 4.2 oz
$ 27.95
By Ag Hair
Product Overview
Light Brown Dry Shampoo spans the entire spectrum of light to medium brown, seamlessly covering roots between salon visits. Natural tapioca starch soaks up excess oil, leaving hair revitalized without white powder residue. Perfect if you don't wash your hair everyday, but want it feeling refreshed.
- Rice and tapioca starch – natural oil absorbers.
- Hydrolyzed silk protein – excellent moisture binding properties with low molecular weight, allowing penetration into the hair fiber, thereby strengthening and moisturizing the hair.
- Green tea leaf extract – powerful antioxidants protect and strengthen the hair, making it healthier and more full.
How To UseShake can vigorously before use. Hold 6-8 inches from hair, lift and spray directly onto roots. Massage with fingers and comb through.
Related Products
Ag Hair, Dry Shampoos & Conditioners


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How should I evaluate the quality of joints/seams?
Should I expect color variation?
Do I need to have all appliances to be present at time of installation?
Do you send your estimator to my house to measure my kitchen?
In what situation will Artistic Stone take more than 2 days to finish my counter top installation?
Do you reconnect gas lines, electricity and plumbing in my house?
Do you reinstall the mirror above my vanity top?
Can I perform the demolition of my old counter tops?
I do understand granite installation creates lots of dust. What is the best way to control dust?
What should I know about faucet hole drilling?
What should I know about plywood and leveling?
Can I install the plywood on my own?
Q: How should I evaluate the quality of joints/seams?
Seams should be in compliance with annual guidelines set forth by the Marble Institute of America, which states that no seam should measure greater than 1/16 inch in width at any point of the seam.
Buyer should also expect the seam to rise slightly above the granite surface. By nature, darker granite colors such as blacks and greens will have more noticeable seams than lighter colors.
Stones with naturally larger crystals will have more noticeable seams due to possible chipping during the cutting process. Embedded crystalline minerals such as quartz are hard substrates to cut. Hence some counters will have tiny chips along the seams where there used to be embedded crystals.
Q: Should I expect color variation?
Stone is a natural material with inherent variations of color, pattern, and surface textures. Our customers have the opportunity to choose all applicable materials available from our inventory to help best match their tastes with our current inventory.
Q: Do I need to have all appliances to be present at time of installation?
Yes. All appliances, such as sinks, stoves, cook tops, faucets, hoods, and microwaves MUST be present at the time of installation; however, these items do not need to be installed upon the arrival of the Artistic Stone installers.
Q: How do I choose my sink?
Buyer must purchase a sink designed specifically for use with granite countertops. If you are unsure, ask your sink dealer whether a sink is suitable for a granite countertop. All Artistic Stone sinks are intended for granite substrates.
Q: Can I reuse my existing sink?
Unfortunately, an existing undermount sink can never be reused with a new granite countertop. If you want an undermount sink, you must purchase one prior to installation. There is a small chance that a topmount sink can be reused, however it depends on the current conditions of that sink. Artistic Stone installers will examine the topmount sink upon arrival and determine whether it can be reused. We recommend that the buyer have a backup topmount sink ready, in case the current topmount sink cannot be reused.
Q: Do you send your estimator to my house to measure my kitchen?
For jobs using prefabricated materials, normally Artistic Stone will NOT conduct on site measurements prior to installation. In order to give you an accurate pricing quote, all we need are the lengths and widths of the areas you want to cover with granite countertops in a simple drawing or sketch.
An Artistic Stone representative will verify these measurements with you when working on your quote and will confirm your measurements on the first day of installation prior to any work. If any additional services or materials are required to complete the job, Artistic Stone will inform you prior to any cutting or fabrication.
Q: In what situation will Artistic Stone take more than 2 days to finish my counter top installation?
1) Should the bar top, island or peninsula in the buyer's kitchen require off site fabrication, Artistic Stone will template those areas on the scheduled date and bring the template(s) back to the workshop for fabrication. Artistic Stone will reschedule another date with the buyer to install the fabricated piece(s). Buyer should expect Artistic Stone to return for installation within 5-10 business days.
2) Artistic Stone must take site measurements prior to installation only for jobs that require the use of custom granite slabs (not prefabricated) or for jobs with space limitations that restrict any fabrication from being performed on site. After the initial template, Artistic Stone will begin installing the granite within 10-14 business days. Artistic Stone will call the buyer to set up an installation time once the template has been taken.
Q: Do you reconnect gas lines, electricity and plumbing in my house?
No. Artistic Stone WILL NOT reconnect gas lines, electricity and plumbing, since we are not licensed in these areas. However, Artistic Stone WILL shut off the water before installations. Under no condition will we reconnect plumbing and gas. Please refrain from requesting this of our installers as we will not assume any responsibility if you do so.
Q: Do you reinstall the mirror above my vanity top?
No. We DO NOT remove mirrors and that it is the customer's responsibility to make sure that mirrors are removed prior to us starting any work. Artistic Stone will NOT reinstall the mirror under any circumstance. The buyer must find a professional mirror company or contractor to reinstall the mirror.
Q: Can I perform the demolition of my old counter tops?
Yes, this is an option. However, you need to perform the demolition in such a manner as to not directly affect the structural integrity of the existing cabinets. Artistic Stone will assess the condition of the cabinets prior to installation. Should we assess that the cabinets are not suitable for installation, our project manager will work with you to reschedule an install date once the cabinets have been fixed back to a satisfactory condition. The job site must be completely clear of all debris and any old backsplash must be completely removed.
Q: Do you repair drywall?
No. All walls adjacent to countertops and backsplashes should be leveled prior to installation. Artistic Stone is NOT responsible for leveling walls, repairing drywall, or touching up paint. The buyer may contract with a drywall specialist to repair any drywall imperfection prior to or after the installation of the granite. Warping in walls will create gaps between newly installed countertops/backsplashes and the wall. Artistic Stone is NOT responsible for repairing drywall damage resulting in the demolition. It is impossible to leave drywall and paint in perfect condition should existing countertops be removed from a base wall. If the drywall repair is not significant, Artistic Stone will replace or fix the sheetrock. The buyer will be charged $200.00 by Artistic Stone to fix the drywall. Drywall repair will consist of spackling holes and replacing damaged wall sections.
Artistic Stone will not tape, smooth or finish the drywall. If the wall is not straight due to the frame, Artistic Stone will follow the frame. If the need for repair is significant, the Buyer must find a general contractor to make repairs. Once fixed, the Buyer can call Artistic Stone to reschedule an install date.
Should there be a gap over 1/2 inch wide between the cabinets and the wall directly behind them, there is a possibility that there will be a gap between the wall and the back of the granite countertops. This is due to the fact that the wall is not completely straight. The Buyer needs to fix the wall in order to ensure that there is no gap between the wall and the granite countertop. Should there be a gap less than 1/2 inch wide between the cabinets and the wall directly behind them, the installers may elect to slide the countertop out in order to compensate for the irregularities in the wall. This will cause a small void between the edge of the plywood and fabricated ends of the granite countertops. The void will not affect the structural integrity of the granite.
Q: I do understand granite installation creates lots of dust. What is the best way to control dust?
Dust control is a joint effort by Artistic Stone and our customers. Artistic Stone will put down a drop cloth to cover the floors and base cabinets (if necessary) before demolition. This will help prevent dust from spreading in the kitchen and any debris from damaging the flooring. The demolition process will create dust that cannot be avoided. Buyer should cover nearby furniture, and remove any items that could be damaged by dust. Our customers should also remove all drawers and kitchenware under the counter. On-site fabrication and installation creates significant levels of dust, debris, and waste water. Artistic Stone will make every effort to contain such pollution during the installation process, but we cannot guarantee a clean working site during the course of installation. Artistic Stone can guarantee that the job site will be left in a similar condition than it was immediately prior to the installation.
Q: What should I know about faucet hole drilling?
Included in the buyer's contract is the allowance of up to four custom drilled holes for faucets, soap dispensers, air vents, etc. In order to ensure a perfect fit, our customers must have ALL faucet pieces available at the time of installation. Our customers need to check if faucet pieces fit before the installer leaves the job site. The faucet threads must be able to accommodate 1 3/8 inch width.
Q: What should I know about plywood and leveling?
By California Building Code, if the cabinet is not level to within 1/4 inch in 8 feet, Artistic Stone WILL NOT be able to continue with the installation until the our customers resolves the issue.
Q: Can I install the plywood on my own?
Yes. You will need to use 5/8 inch plywood on regular cabinets and 3/4 inch plywood on European style cabinets. The plywood must be screwed to the cabinet tops. All cabinet surfaces must be completely level, especially where two separate pieces join together. The maximum level tolerance is 1/8 inch every 4 feet. You should NOT cut out the cook-top, sink, or faucet holes in the plywood prior to the granite installation. Artistic Stone installers will cut out the holes on site.
Q: What do I need to know about granite overhang?
If the kitchen design calls for an overhang LARGER THAN 6 INCHES, on an island, bar top, peninsula or countertop, Artistic Stone recommends that the customer install metal supports or wood brackets. Artistic Stone can install metal supports but not brackets. Artistic Stone will charge $200.00 extra to install the metal supports.
Couldn't find an answer? Ask us a question.


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Event detail
Maps and More: Hamilton, in Maps
Tour/Open House | September 22 | 11 a.m.-12 p.m. | 50 McCone Hall
Nicole Viglini; Samantha Teplitzky; Susan Powell
You've listened to the musical, now put some names to places with this pop-up exhibit of maps related to Alexander Hamilton's life and exploits. This month's Maps and More collections show-and-tell event is offered in coordination with the On the Same Page program. Featuring maps and atlases from the Earth Sciences & Map Library collection, this exhibit helps put some geographic context to key events in Hamilton, from his birth in the West Indies to his years in Philadelphia and New York and his deadly duel on the banks of the Hudson.
History graduate student Nicole Viglini is guest curating this pop-up exhibit and will provide a short commentary to orient visitors.


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I woke up today with a sense of excitement. Not only were we packing and taking a three hour van ride to Hong Kong, but we also got a change of scenery with a new hotel. It takes very little to excite us these days. One final pic before we headed out. No goodbyes. Til next time, China!
Zhou picked up Caston's passport and visa and sent us on our way.
The ride was uneventful until we got to the Hong Kong border. As we went through the first station to exit China, the guard looked at us strangely, kept our passports, and waved us out of line. Our driver spoke the bare minimum of English and couldn't communicate what was going on. We drove around to the back of a building, and our driver started taking out all our luggage. "All in," he told us, and he pointed to an empty room. I was getting nervous, because the dude kept all our passports and clearly thought something was up. I was thankful though that if we had any problems, at least our flight was the next day. Surely we wouldn't be stuck there.
Finally, another employee who spoke English came in and told us it was just a random security check. They scanned all our bags and sent us on our way. Whew!


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Meet with the people that you want to work with in the future. Most law firms in Bangkok offer an initial consultation for free in order for them to assess your needs and show you their ability to assist you with your concern. You should be reasonable in managing your …Read More »
Thai work permit requirements
If you are going to work in Thailand then the following is what you will need to know about your work permit application. See the links below for more details on the taxes as well as the work permit process and work permit requirements for Thailand.Read More »
Thai Work Permit
If you are going to work in Thailand then you need to obtain a Thai work permit before you start employment. There is no such thing as a work visa. This is normally a Thai business visa whoever this visa does not allow you to work in Thailand but only …Read More »
Cancelling your Permit
This tends to be the most problematic part of work permits in Thailand. The rules have changed over the years to the point that it does cause terrible problems. These are the most common problems in Thailand and the rule changes 4 years back turned it into an even bigger …Read More »
Cost of Thai Work Permit
The cost of the work permit in Thailand will depend on how long the work permit is for and also if it is a new work permit of a renewal. See the costs listed below.You need to speak to a lawyer in Thailand about the cost of the permit. Below …Read More »
Documents for Permit
Applying for a work permit in Thailand depends on the type of employment you will be taking in Thailand. The documents needed as listed below would be for a 'normal' job. These are jobs such as such as in administration, computer programming or other professions short of journalism or teaching …Read More »
Popular jobs in Thailand
The most popular jobs in Thailand tends to be teaching. The teaching profession in Thailand however has changed over the years. See this website for more details. Schools are looking for people with higher qualifications however the salaries over the past 10 years have remain pretty static. These jobs are …Read More »


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Blue Tough-Cut Bandage Scissors (Large)
Product Information
These Large Tough-Cut Bandage Scissors are approximately 7.5 inches in length, and are designed to cut through plaster casts and bandages. Serrated cutting edge. Autoclavable. Colour: Blue.
Also available in conjunction with other items - please see the 'KITS & OTHER SPECIAL OFFERS' category, within the online shop, for different options at Special Offer prices.
This is the price of one pair of Blue Tough-Cut Bandage Scissors (Large), including delivery (within the UK)...
Price: £3.49


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To drive loyalty and revenue, brands need to deliver personalized, meaningful digital experiences. Many marketers are looking for an end-to-solution that delivers multi-channel experiences on any device and helps create personalized content for every customer. The ability to deliver digital experiences that differentiate your brand and deepen customer relationships is more crucial than ever to driving business success.Read the Econsultancy report, Delivering Digital Experiences, and learn why:
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1/4 أوقية 2015 من العملات الذهبية للدب القطبي وديسم
You'll enjoy the lowest price on the net, when you order your ¼ oz 2015 Canadian Polar Bear and Cub gold coin from our online store. This iconic series from the Royal Canadian Mint features the resilient and beautiful creatures of Canada's Arctic region.
The coin's reverse features an immaculately realized relief of a Canadian Arctic polar bear mother and cub, traversing their icy landscape, each strand of fur clearly visible. Joining this endearing vision on the reverse, the Canadian legend, as well as the coin's purity, weight and metal composition.
The obverse feature is a youthful and simplistic effigy of Elizabeth II in profile, wearing her beloved pearl necklace. She is joined by only an inscription of her name, the coin's face value and its year of issue.
Ursus Maritimus, the 'sea bear' or 'polar bear,' is the world's largest predator and, arguably, also one of the most beautiful; sadly, the unprecedented thawing of the Arctic ice caps poses a huge risk to their ongoing survival as a species. Preserve and honour this majestic Canadian beast and enrich your holdings with a ¼ oz 2015 Canadian Polar Bear and Cub gold coin today!
|دار سك العملة الملكية الكندية
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|الدب القطبي وديسم يمران ارض جليدية منبسطة وعبارة " كندا 9999 الذهب النقي 1/4 أوقية أو خالص "


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"Thank you for your quick response to my order. Definitely continued business."- Richard M
Home > Compaq > Presario > Compaq Presario C700 Parts > Batteries
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Compatible with battery models: HSTNN-DB32, HSTNN-IB32, HSTNN-Q21C, HSTNN-Q33C, HSTNN-W34C, HSTNN-W20C, HSTNN-C17C, HSTNN-IB42
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Electric Blues Slide Guitar Kit
Learning to play the Blues box guitar is easy and entertaining with accomplished muscian Nick Bryant's simple instructions. The instructional You Can Play Blues Box Slide Guitar contains a history of the cigar box guitar; information about the Blues Box Guitar, including how to assemble and tune it; strumming, picking and slide techniques; and exercise tracks and play-along music,. You'll be strumming with ease in no time. Increase you blues-playing confidence with the comprehensvie 31 minute audio CD which contains companions tracks to all excercises in the book, as well as a tuning track, blues scale, and a demo track played onthe Blues Box Guitar with a backing band,which will inspire you to be the next Blues Box Guitar sensation! The box guitar is especially created to be used with the book and CD. It has all the parts need to to easily create your high-quality box guitar, plus fret markings and dots to help you with slide position and chord creation.


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I love the team in Mercedes Benz Macclesfield. I took Albert the A Class in for a D service, new brakes and pads (all wheels), and the MOT. It cost a grand, but worth it as the car is so so so much better. A special thank you to Giles in the service department for chucking in a free tyre, and also to Matthew, one of the sales chaps for running me into town.
I will certainly buy, get serviced from the Macclesfield branch as they are such a good bunch!
Well done Macclesfield Mercedes Benz!


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FANTASTIC LOCATION. WALK TO HERITAGE L.R.T. AND SHOPPING. READY FOR IMMEDIATE OCCUPANCY THIS MAGNIFICENT ONE BEDROOM UNIT WITH IT'S DEN. 9'CEILING + SUNNY SOUTH EXPOSURE + MOUNTAIN VIEW. The condo is in great shape, the original owner that lived out of Calgary for years. Open concept kitchen living room is great for entertaining or family living. Dark stain kitchen cabinets with granite countertops and big island are like brand new. Master bedroom is over 160 Sq Ft, and big enough for a King bed. The large den is ideal as a nursery or home office. There are a sunroom and rooftop patio on the 17th floor for common use. Location, location, location between Chinook mall and South Centre Shopping, direct access to major roads, close to downtown via McLeod Trail!
Balconies, Elevator Passenger, Intercom, Storage-In-Suite, Visitor Parking
Balcony, Ceiling 9 ft., No Animal Home, No Smoking Home
Shopping Nearby, View, View Mountain
Disclaimer: Information herein deemed reliable but not guaranteed by CREB®.
Listing information last updated on November 22nd, 2019 at 7:30pm MST.


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DAVID Cameron's plan to push up booze prices will NOT reduce binge drinking, a report reveals today. The PM will overrule Cabinet colleagues and announce proposals for a minimum of 45p a unit.
It would cost drinkers an extra £600million a year. But free-market think tank the Adam Smith Institute said the move is based on a model containing "flawed assumptions and wild speculation".
Read the article in full in The Sun here
The Sun covers the ASI's latest report on minimum alcohol pricing.


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Will the GCSB ban Apple from New Zealand?
Apple recently released a statement about their cooperation with law enforcement. It includes:
For example, conversations which take place over iMessage and FaceTime are protected by end-to-end encryption so no one but the sender and receiver can see or read them. Apple cannot decrypt that data.
[Update: see this discussion about whether this is entirely true.]
Does this mean that Apple will not be complying with New Zealand law?
Interception capable
The TICS bill makes it mandatory for network providers to be intercept capable. This means that they must provide surveillance agencies (Police, SIS or GCSB) communications related data when given a valid warrant or access authorisation. However, Apple is not a network provider.
However, there is also provision to give service providers (anyone who provides a telecommunications service) the same interception responsibilities as network providers. Any surveillance agency can apply to the Minister if they believe that "lack of interception capability on the telecommunications service offered by that provider adversely affects national security or law enforcement". i.e. if they believe someone could be organising crimes over iMessage.
Assuming that Apple are telling the truth and do not have the keys (as would be done in a well-designed system) they would not be able to provide intercepted information when presented with a warrant. This would be in breach of the TICS law and they would be liable for a fine of $500,000 and $50,000 per day.
Resold telecommunications services
Section 39 of the TICS Bill can also be used to forbid the resale of a foreign telecommunications service in New Zealand if it doesn't provide lawful intercept for New Zealand surveillance agencies.
Vodafone and Telecom both resell the iPhone in New Zealand and the iPhone obviously includes foreign telecommunications services that cannot be intercepted. Will a surveillance agency apply to the Minister to stop them?
Will the GCSB allow Apple to continue selling their iMessage and Facetime equipped devices in New Zealand without legal intercept facilities?
Or will the government decide that taking on Apple and their loyal customers is a bad idea and allow Apple to keep selling to New Zealanders?
And if Apple can keep selling theirs, wouldn't it be unfair to pick on smaller and less powerful overseas operators and ban their products? It wouldn't matter anyway because criminals would obviously gravitate towards the unspyable Apple products.
Most importantly - do we want a government spy bureau deciding what services and equipment can and cannot be made available to New Zealanders? Do the proposals in the TICS bill make sense? At Tech Liberty we believe the answer is no.
I suppose it also depends on whether it's deemed intercept capable to prevent access to iMessage.
While it would obviously be observable by the targets, simply dropping all iMessage packets would send the messages out through sms which isn't encrypted at all.
Either way the futility of this is evident given:
* WeChat
* KaKaoTalk
* Line
* XMPP with OTR encryption…
Unless the goal of our intelligence community is only to intercept the communications of the Keystone Cops of the terrorism world, this doesn't seem likely to achieve much.
The treachery of these pepole is breathtaking.So Hagar the Horrible inspired it all.I wonder how he feels today.Probably quite proud of the fact.But if these loonies had their way, I'm not sure who we would fall prey to.Would it be the Chinese Commies or the Muzzies!But yes, as Fairfacts noted.If there is no terror threat , as these despicable pepole believe, then why attack the base when there is no terror threat.But if there is a terror threat, which these pepole also seem to believe, as they say the base puts NZ at risk, then shouldn't they accept they are nothing but fifth columnists doing the work of militant islam.The conundrum of the peacenicks position needs t be answered. The media needs to quiz them on this. So which is it guys? Cat got your tongue Nicky?!
It is questionable whether they can be held accountable. The messages are not incapable of being intercepted – they are just encrypted when intercepted. Once intercepted it is up to the authorities to decipher them.
Because the encryption is end to end – the encryption takes part on the consumers premises. The communication that is being transmitted over the network is "encrypted communication" prior to being sent over the network and "decrypted once it has left the network". The interception only covers the network in the control of the network operator – not consumer premises. Therefore as long as the transmission of the encrypted data can be intercepted the network operator has fulfilled its duty under the act.
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Capitol Alert
Republican tax plan is a 'monstrosity,' Jerry Brown says. But do Californians agree?
With California's governor lambasting the Republican tax overhaul as an ugly "monstrosity," a new statewide poll found the widespread perception that the bill will hurt the state.
The survey, released late Monday by UC Berkeley's Institute for Governmental Studies, shows 52 percent of Californians believe the federal legislation will adversely affect the state, while just 17 percent say it will have a positive impact. Fourteen percent don't foresee the tax plan changing much in California. Republicans were split, 33 percent negative to 33 percent positive, over how it will impact the state.
The general view that the law is bad for California could haunt GOP officials and candidates in next year's midterm elections, poll director Mark DiCamillo said in an interview.
"That may have the longer-term impact if you are looking at political ramifications," DiCamillo said of the results. "They are going to have to defend themselves."
Congress is preparing for a final vote on the Republicans tax bill amid last-minute concerns about a senator who could benefit financially from it. A Monmouth University poll, also out Monday, showed Americans disapprove of the tax bill by a 2-to-1 margin.
In deep blue California, 51 percent overall say they are opposed to the legislation, including 42 percent who are strongly against it. Only 30 percent of Californians favor the bill. Separately, just 1 in 5 Californians think it will benefit themselves directly, while 40 percent predict a negative impact.
Residents here have been hearing mostly poor things about the tax overhaul. Jerry Brown, the Democratic governor, released a video message via email on Monday blasting it as "bad for you and ... bad for America."
"It's never good to have one party vote one way and another party vote 100 percent the other way," said Brown, who is seated at a desk, surrounded by the American and California flags. "That's dividing America at a time when we need unity."
Secondly, Brown argues, the measure will balloon the national debt while giving "massive" tax breaks to corporations that are already flush with billions of dollars.
"Who is going to pay for that?" Brown asked rhetorically. "People that live in states that voted against President Donald Trump."
Brown's top finance official lamented in a letter last week that the overhaul, among other indignities, scraps the state and local tax deduction claimed in more than 6 million California tax returns.
On Monday, the state's number crunchers issued an update on the conference report treats state and local tax deductions, as well as casualty loss deduction.
Included in the one out of every three tax returns that claim the state and local tax dedication, they argue, are millions of middle-income households that may not benefit from the increased standard deduction. They note that more than 80 percent of state income tax and property tax deductions exceed the $10,000 limit.
The average deduction for state and local income taxes is almost $16,000 per return, while state and local property taxes average less than $6,000 per return.
The conference bill also limits the deduction for casualty losses to disasters declared by the president. It won't help those harmed by events which aren't large enough to be recognized as such.
Christopher Cadelago: 916-326-5538, @ccadelago


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Fast becoming an avant-jazz legend, multi-instrumentalist Garchik has presented here a sonic thesis on the trombone as potential gospel vocalist. What does that accomplish, aside from duly noting that this San Franciscan transplant to New York has a weird side (surprise!)? Well, I'd suppose that it might encourage serious trombone players to stretch out and think outside the box, but to me there's something inherently oxymoronic about that, since trombonists – and clarinetists, while we're here – aren't the most dynamic individuals. Furthermore, the trombone sound, almost no matter what it's doing, can't help but make you think of one of two things: marching bands or movies from the 1940s. Yet Garchik soldiered on, working this up in his bedroom lab, adding layer upon layer – and the odd sousaphone – to these experiments. In the end, it's an album that was made Because It's There, which does make it, if nothing else, an artistic success. A
— Eric W. Saeger


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Alpine hut from Sattental Sattental near Pruggern in the Ennstal Valley
The alpine hut from Sattental is very similar in design and structure to the hut from Limmeralm. The hut is built of logs with notched joints and has a log gable. The ridge posts are set on the partition walls and carry the ridge purlin which supports the shingle-covered roof.
The hut has an eaves-side entrance which leads straight into the main room which has an open hearth with a big cheese making cauldron. The main room is flanked by two smaller rooms. One is furnished with shelves which were used to store butter and cheese and on which the wooden bowls with milk were placed until the cream had settled and could be skimmed off with a skimmer.
Austrian Open-Air Museum Stübing
8114 Stübing, Österreich
Opening Hours
01. April 2020 to 31. October 2020 Mon-Sun, public holidays 9am - 5pm
Admission until 4pm


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Marc Dennis inception art
Marc Dennis' hyperrealistic paintings are centered around the gaze and ideal for viewers who enjoy spending a lot of time with a single work of art. Layered with symbol upon symbol, it's apparent that there are two subjects featured in any one of his complex compositions – the person who does the looking and the object that's being looked at.
I saturate my paintings with truths and suggestions about human behavior, ways of looking, and the psychological, spiritual and physical relationships we have with art. Walter Benjamin, the famous social critic once said, "To experience the aura of a phenomenon means to invest it with the capability of returning the gaze." I believe that we, as viewers and art lovers, are eager and more pleased when it happens, to find ourselves, or some semblance of ourselves in a work of art. In other words, I do my part in "returning the gaze" that Benjamin speaks of. And in this hyper self-conscious, glamour-driven, sexually-inflated and media-obsessed art culture of today, my works are satirical yet sincere, artificial yet real, and most definitely loaded with personal symbolism yet public pomp — a timely combination and expression.
From interview at Hi Fructose


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Pressure on Paddy Jackson to prove he's better fly-half than 127-cap Ronan O'Gara
The desperate Ireland injury crisis, exacerbated by the loosehead prop Cian Healy earning a suspension for a boneheaded stamp on England's Dan Cole, has helped usher Paddy Jackson and Luke Marshall in for their debuts at fly-half and inside-centre respectively against Scotland today.
Marshall was arguably the next in line when Gordon D'Arcy went lame but the rugby world and his wife expected Ronan O'Gara as the incumbent bench man, and with 127 caps behind him, to cover the loss of Jonathan Sexton to a torn hamstring. And that included Jackson's own coach at Ulster.
"It's fair to say Paddy's selection is a surprise," said Mark Anscombe, who joined Ulster last summer and has picked the 21-year-old from Belfast to start all season as the province have thundered to the top of the Pro 12 and qualified for the Heineken Cup quarter-finals.
"The simple fact is that normally in this circumstance if one player [Sexton] is injured, you expect the guy who has been coming off the bench [O'Gara] to step up. So, yes, it is a surprise Ireland have done this but we're pleased for Paddy and Luke [who turns 22 next month]. Are they ready? Who knows? When's 'ready'? No one is complete at that age. In all my years in this game I haven't met a 21-year-old who's got his game mastered."
Anscombe has coached with and against some of the best fly-halves that New Zealand have to offer – Canterbury's Dan Carter, for instance – in previous roles in charge of Auckland and New Zealand's Under-20s, including his own son Gareth, the Kiwi Under-20s' fly-half who kicked 18 points when they won the 2011 Junior World Championship final against an England team containing Owen Farrell and George Ford.
Anscombe's principal concern as Jackson lines up opposite his Scottish namesake Ruaridh are that the Ireland pack give their two new midfielders the necessary front-foot momentum. "Paddy is a great kid with a good work ethic, and he's got what a good No 10 needs, which is self-belief," said Anscombe. "I rate him and he's a good footballer. From him and from Luke, you're going to see energy and confidence and vibrancy; they are strong defenders and will want to get involved. But they're relying on a forward pack giving them some go-forward ball.
"I hope they get the right quality of possession, and it's the start of a long career and not a temporary one at international level. It will not be fair to make judgement fully on a 21-year-old in his first cap. It can be damaging to a guy."
Jackson may feel particularly exposed as first-choice goal-kicker, given he has been behind the South African scrum-half Ruan Pienaar for Ulster of late. Having recovered from an ankle injury to play in last Friday's Pro 12 match with Zebre, Jackson today will be picking up from last having the tee with Ireland's second team, the Wolfhounds, in a 14-10 loss to England Saxons on 25 January. "I'd have confidence in Paddy kicking," said Anscombe, "and there'll be a lot more games in the future when he'll be doing it for Ulster, I can assure you."
The Scottish capital rings a happy bell for Jackson as he was also a surprise pick ahead of Ian Humphreys for last season's Heineken Cup semi-final win over Edinburgh, although it was Pienaar who kicked goals from all over. Jackson kept his place for the final, a much less happy affair at Twickenham when he was roughed up by the victorious Leinster forwards, some of whom will be his team-mates today.
Which adds to the sense of a gamble by Ireland's coach Declan Kidney, reacting to the 12-6 home loss to England a fortnight ago, with Ulster's Tom Court recalled at loosehead prop for a first cap in 11 months to butt heads with Scotland's returning Geoff Cross in the absence on religious grounds of tighthead Euan Murray – the Scots' only change from their 34-10 thrashing of Italy last time out.
The Australian-born Court had a miserable time on his last Ireland appearance against England in March 2012, forced on at tighthead in the days of only one bench prop. A broken thumb kept him out of the summer tour to New Zealand, he was snubbed by Kidney in the autumn and only required for training to date in this Six Nations' Championship. Now there are two replacement props permitted, he has leapfrogged as a starter ahead of Munster's Dave Kilcoyne.
"Playing second fiddle for Cian Healy isn't so bad as he's got to be a front-runner for the Lions," said Court. "He can do stuff most props wouldn't even dream of doing."
Anscombe is delighted that Ireland have plundered Ulster to the tune of five starters and another two on the bench, the greatest representation for the northern province in more than a decade, even while Ulster's Steve Ferris, Chris Henry and Tommy Bowe are among the injured alongside Sexton, D'Arcy, Paul O'Connell, Simon Zebo and Mike McCarthy.
"Look at when Munster were dominant a few years ago, they dominated the Ireland team," said Anscombe, a former Auckland and North Harbour flanker who has also coached English clubs Moseley and Coventry. "Then Leinster did the same. Maybe Ulster can do that in the next year or two."
Still it is a shock that Kidney decided the shaky form of the 35-year-old O'Gara merited Jackson's promotion. O'Gara has known Kidney for 20 years since the latter was rugby organiser and a maths and accounting teacher at Presentation Brothers' College in Cork.
Another PBC old boy, scrum-half Peter Stringer, who is on loan to Bath after playing most of his career alongside O'Gara and under Kidney for Munster and Ireland, was watching as O'Gara replaced Sexton against England with 30 minutes gone.
"Ireland made too many unforced errors, they played in the wrong areas of the pitch," said Stringer, who predicted the captain Jamie Heaslip would react well to his butter-fingered part in that.
"Declan won't go into the numbers and figures too much; he'll get them into a mindset that there's a Championship still to be won."
Stringer and O'Gara posed recently for an Australian sculptor who is creating bronze statues to commemorate Munster rugby in Cork city centre. The pair will be depicted passing the ball to each other; today, though, Ireland's baton of responsibility has been passed to Paddy Jackson.
Independent News Service


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What you need to know about the new copyright law
Parliament has passed the Copyright (Infringing File Sharing) Act.
Here's 10 things that you need to know about it:
- What: Infringing file sharing is the act of downloading or uploading copyrighted content without permission. This can apply to any content, e.g. movies, TV shows, music, pictures, books, games or software.
- When. The new law comes into effect from September 1st 2011. You can receive a notice for infringing file sharing that took place from any time from August 10th (21 days before Sept 1st). Mobile phones are excluded until 30 September 2013.
- Who. The account holder (the person who pays for the internet conection) is the one who is legally responsible for any infringing file sharing occurring over that connection. You are not legally liable if you use someone else's internet connection, although they won't be very happy about it and may be able to come after you.
- Getting caught. You are most likely to get caught if you use peer-to-peer file-sharing software (e.g. BitTorrent, emule, etc). This is because peer to peer works by you sharing the file with a whole lot of other people - if one of them works for the copyright-holders they can get enough information to make a complaint.
- Not getting caught. You are not likely to get caught if you copy files from friends, download from file-sharing websites (that don't use torrent software), or watch videos on YouTube or similar sites.
- Notices. If caught infringing, you will initially receive a Detection Notice, followed by a Warning Notice, then an Enforcement Notice. There must be at least three weeks between notices. (Each copyright-holder making complaints will follow the same progression - you could have a Warning Notice from one and a Detection Notice from another).
- Challenging notices. You can respond with a challenge to any notice. The copyright-holder gets to decide whether your challenge will be accepted or not. There are no agreed grounds for challenges yet.
- Personal details. The copyright-holder will not be given your name, address and other contact details. All communication is handled by your internet provider.
- Copyright Tribunal. Once you have received an Enforcement Notice the matter will go to the Copyright Tribunal. They can levy of a penalty of up to $15,000 that has to be paid to the copyright-holder. They will normally make decisions based on written submissions, but either party can request a hearing. Lawyers are not allowed at the hearing.
- Account suspension. The provision in the law allowing for an internet account to be cut-off is currently suspended.
4) should probably be 'peer to peer style software' — not just BitTorrent but any software that works in a similar way, bearshare, frostwire, emule …
It's possible that a site like RapidShare could be forced to reveal its logs, though.
Also, is a rightsholder required to go through the process of
infringement/notice/infringement/notice/infringement/final notice
or could they go
infringement/infringement/infringement/notice/notice/final notice
so one only knew when they already had 3 infringements in the bag, so to speak.
What processes/safeguards are in place to ensure that the 'evidence' presented by rightsholders is collected correctly(correct time to start) – and is indeed conclusive?
Does an enforcement/detection notice remain in place forever?
This will never stop a piracy as it is. They will find a way …
"Each copyright-holder making complaints will follow the same progression – you could have a Warning Notice from one and a Detection Notice from another."
Is that definitely how it's going to work? I was wondering about this recently, and this is the only place I've seen it explained.
If we get a warning, how long until they are reset? Or are they linked to us for the rest of our lives? I have the internet account for the flat and am worried if somebody does something, I'll get a warning. Then it happens again in 5 years and then somehow again another 5 years after that….
How does this effect youtube?
Does this affect streaming videos on things like megavideo?
Does this affect those videos from wupload, filesonic, uploading, uploadstation, megaupload & fileserve etc…?
Does a warning notice pertain to a single item of copyright infringement, like say, a single file like an episode of a series or does it pertain to a copyrighted work like say a TV series os a specific name and any part of that series constitutes an infringement or does it pertain to a single copyright holder and infringing on copyright of that particular copyright owner but for different works constitute ongoing infringements?
And what is there to stop false accusations of IPs? I mean, they're just digital records – there's actually no way of verifying that they are in fact real.
say you downloaded a tv program from the US that someone had recorded and then uploaded to the net, you then downloaded it. Would this be classed as an infringement of the copyright law?
does that include downloading musics from websites?
if you use youtube-mp3 converter, are you likely to get caught?
Hi there,
how exactly are you suppose to know if a file is a p2p file?
Is it one notice for each song or 1 for the 28 days and would a youtube to mp3 be traceable?
and when did this law change
if someone downloads like say half a movie through utorrent will they receive a detection notice?
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When I was testing my vegan pho broth for a Recipes for Health series last spring I froze a few containers of the broth; I had forgotten how good it is. I didn't have some of the traditional ingredients for pho – bean sprouts, cilantro, scallions, green chiles – so I used what I had and it was definitely pho. I used cayenne for heat and a chiffonade of romaine lettuce was a good stand-in for the bean sprouts, crunchy and fresh. Lots of chives stood in for scallions. I did without cilantro or Thai basil but had plenty of Italian basil and mint from my garden.
1 recipe pho broth (about 2 1/2 quarts)
3/4 pound rice noodles, preferably wide ones
2 medium or 1 large carrot (about 5 ounces) peeled and cut in 1 1/2-inch julienne
2 cups edamame (can use frozen, thawed)
6 ounces tofu, cut in matchsticks
1/2 cup Asian or purple basil leaves, or Italian basil, slivered
4 scallions, chopped, or 1/4 cup chopped chives
1 cup chopped cilantro (optional)
Several sprigs fresh mint
2 cups bean sprouts (mung are traditional) or slivered romaine leaves (chiffonade)
2 to 4 bird or serrano chiles, finely chopped (to taste) or 1/4 teaspoon cayenne (more or less to taste)
2 to 3 limes, cut in wedges
1. Have the broth at a simmer in a soup pot. Season to taste with cayenne if you are not using fresh chiles.
2. Bring a large pot of water to a boil and add the noodles. Cook until just al dente, firm to the bite, following the timing instructions on the package (my wide noodles take about 5 minutes). Drain and divide among 6 large soup bowls.
3. Add the carrots and edamame to the simmering broth and simmer until just tender, about 3 to 4 minutes. Ladle a generous amount of hot broth with the carrots and edamame into the bowls. Divide the tofu among the bowls. Sprinkle on half the cilantro, half the basil leaves and the scallions or chives. Pass the bean sprouts or lettuce, chopped chiles if using, the remaining basil and cilantro (if using), mint sprigs, and the lime wedges. Serve with chopsticks for the noodles and soupspoons for the broth.
Yield: Serves 6
Advance preparation: The broth will keep for a few days in the refrigerator and can be frozen. The noodles can be cooked several hours ahead. Rinse them after draining and keep in a bowl. They will stick together after they cool but will loosen up when you reheat them in the broth. Just before serving reheat by dunking briefly into a pot of simmering water and draining (it helps to place them in a strainer or pasta pot insert).
Nutritional information per serving (6 servings): 340 calories; 4 grams fat; 0 grams saturated fat; 1 gram polyunsaturated fat; 0 grams monounsaturated fat; 0 milligrams cholesterol; 60 grams carbohydrates; 5 grams dietary fiber; 64 milligrams sodium (does not include salt to taste); 15 grams protein