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Statistics state that as many as 1 in 5 Americans of every age suffer from some type of pelvic floor dysfunction during their life time (Stein 2010). When counseling a client with chronic, non-specific low back pain, groin pain, hip/pelvic pain after injury, surgery or athletic participation practitioners address the spine, hips and surrounding musculature omitting the base of support for all these structures – the pelvic floor. It's proximity to the sex organs and impact on bodily functions makes it embarrassing for clients to discuss. However, it's location in the lower bowl of the abdomen makes it an essential member of the core stabilizing lumbopelvic cylinder. Failure to address pelvic floor dysfunction after injury, surgery or repetitive athletic participation can result in continued spine and hip instability causing chronic back and pelvic pain and predisposition to additional spine, hip, neck, shoulder and lower limb injuries as well as impaired breathing and disruption of organ function.
The anatomy of the lumbopelvic cylinder consists of muscles and bones. It begins just below the lungs with the diaphragm. It descends along the front and side of the torso with the transversus abdominis supported by segmental attachments to the psoas and abdominal muscles. It descends along the back of the torso with the spinal column supported by the segmental attachments of the lumbar multifidus. It ends in the bowl of the pelvis with the pelvic floor (Chaitow & Lovegrove 2012).
Abnormal pelvic floor function negatively impacts spinal stability, intra-abdominal pressure, respiration, sexual function, continence and pelvic organ support (Chaitow & Lovegrove 2012) resulting in global instability, chronic joint pain and predisposition to injury. The pelvic floor as the most essential arch in the body providing the base of stability for all lower limb and foot joints (Dalcourt 2012). Integrity of the trunk is essential to maintain joint position, respond to perturbations, avoid low back pain/injury, insure proper proprioception, and develop power and strength (Landow 2010).
Pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD) occurs after injury, sports participation or surgery. Examples of injury include a hard fall or blow to the sacrum or tail bone as in falling on ice or off a horse or telescoping femoral injuries when landing on the feet after a long fall as in sky diving. Sports associated with PFD also report frequent groin injuries from kicking, quick multi-directional lateral changes or pelvic rotation during axial loading as in soccer, running, golf, ice hockey, figure skating, football, baseball, ballet, martial arts and gymnastics (Chaitow & Jones 2012). The reported incidence of groin pain and injury as a result of sports participation is as follows: cycling – 22 to 91%, running – 70%, football – 22% and ice hockey 13 to 30% (Chaitow 2012). Any lower abdominal surgery may result in the abnormal pinning of deep fascia to muscle (Dalton & Hedley 2012) causing PFD.
Additional causes of PFD include hernia, infection, cancer or sexually transmitted disease. Special considerations for women include endometriosis, pregnancy (large baby, twins), difficult delivery or cesarean and multiple pregnancies. Sexual violence is another cause with greater physical and psychological implications. Treatment of the victims of sexual violence should include other medical professionals to ensure a successful outcome.
The pelvic floor identifies a consortium of muscles. The deepest muscle, the levator ani, is often referred to as the pelvic diaphragm and is divided into two parts – the pubovisceral and iliococcygeal muscles. The superficial muscle, the pereneal membrane or urogenital diaphragm, sits above the levator ani (Chaitow & Jones 2012). These muscles consist of both smooth and striated muscles of which approximately two thirds are type 1 and innervated by the pudenal nerve through direct branches from sacral nerves S3-S4. The pelvic floor contracts or relaxes as a whole but may also contract or relax in segments (Chaithow & Jones 2012).
The pelvic floor, like all muscles, can become hypotonic or hypertonic after injury, sports participation or child birth. Corrective exercises specific to strengthening a hypotonic pelvic floor include Kegels (pelvic contractions stopping and restarting urination). Kegel exercises, in the absence of proper breathing and appropriate deep abdominal wall activation and strength, cannot resolve lumbopelvic cylinder dysfunction, gait abnormalities and trunk instability. To ensure a full recovery from a hypotonic pelvic floor the practitioner should evaluate the strength and function of the entire lumbopelvic cylinder and instruct the client in proper breathing techniques and appropriate core/limb coordination exercise.
A hypertonic pelvic floor restricts the ability of the diaphragm to expand and transversus abdominis to contract during respiration. This leads to hyperventilation syndrome (HS) and altered breathing pattern disorders (BPD) (Chaitow 2004). Over time HS and BPD alters mood (constant fight/flight breathing), changes body chemistry (respiratory alkalosis), and hypercapnoea (increased levels of CO2) which compromises key core stabilizer by reducing or eliminating the postural (tonic) and phasic contractions of muscles necessary for spinal stability (Chaitow, Breathing Pattern Disorders, motor control and low back pain, Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 2004; 7(1): 34-41).
The hypertonic pelvic floor does not respond to Kegel exercises but does respond to trigger point therapy. In a study of 56 continent physiotherapists (51 women and 5 men age 23 to 56) all tested positive for a hypertonic pelvic floor with some of the cases demonstrating clear differences in tonicity from one side to the other. Trigger point therapy was administered and tonicity returned and pain resolved after approximately two to five breaths (Carrire & Feldt 2006).
Individuals can administer their own trigger point therapy by sitting on a tennis ball placed between the coccyx and vaginal opening or just inside the coccyx and breathing deeply (Chaitow 2008). More sensitive or difficult cases may require clinical instruction on Thiele Massage. Again, to ensure a full recovery from a hypertonic pelvic floor the practitioner should evaluate the strength and function of the entire lumbopelvic cylinder and instruct the client in proper breathing techniques and appropriate core/limb coordination exercise.
Chronic PFD as a result of injury, sports participation or child birth may result in the presence of altered concomitant muscle contractions and scar tissue extending from the pelvic floor to other pelvic muscles. The opposite also holds true and an injury to another pelvic muscle may result in scar tissue that extends to and entraps the pelvic floor. Susceptible muscles include but are not limited to: psoas major, iliacus, tensor fasciae latae, pectinius, gracilis, and adductor magnus, brevis, longus (Chaitow 2012). Symptoms of this disordered relationship include repeat groin strains, non-specific hip or pelvic pain, lower limb and low back pain that does not respond to traditional manual therapies, stretching of the susceptible muscles or core conditioning. Normal hip and spine range of motion may exist despite this disordered relationship.
Susceptible muscles resulting in posterior pelvic tilt attach to the sacrum and coccyx pulling it forward (Weiss 2012). These muscles include piriformis, quadrates femoris, and gluteus maximus. Symptoms of this disordered relationship include restricted sacral counternutation, chronic L5/S1 strain, deep pelvic and sacral pain, lower limb and low back pain that does not respond to traditional manual therapies, stretching of the susceptible muscles or core conditioning. Abnormal hip and spine range of motion usually accompanies this disordered relationship.
Chronic PFD, groin strains and low back pain does not respond to traditional manual therapies for a variety of reasons. Therapists specializing in PFD only treat the pelvic floor and frequently do not address the disordered breathing or lack of core conditioning and faulty muscle patterns. For manual therapists and exercise specialists the pelvic floor sits in the industry 'no fly' zone where touch is forbidden at best and a law suit at worst. Additionally, the client may be reluctant to discuss the other symptoms of PFD including urinary incontinence, drip or leakage after urination, genital pain, pain during and after sex, pain during orgasm, complete avoidance of sex, hemorrhoids and bowel incontinence. The client also might not connect these symptoms to their injury and PFD.
In the case of chronic PFD as a result of a hypertonic pelvic floor the client demonstrates core development to a point and no further or returns to instability randomly despite lengthy and otherwise proper training. A hypertonic floor increases the pressure in the lumbopelvic cylinder which then increases the pressure on the internal organs. The body resists any further organ compression by reducing the range of motion in the diaphragm and transversus abdominis. When contracting a fully functioning diaphragm and transversus abdominis the body responds by destabilizing or moving the spine, intermittently shutting down the transversus abdominis, and reducing or eliminating the breath.
Individuals can administer their own trigger point therapy using a tennis ball or OPTP "little pinky" ball in the bikini or 'tighty whitey' area. This region encompasses the lower abdomen, gluteals, intersection of the ilotibial band/TFL/Glute med-min and the pelvic floor – basically any area a bikini bottom or brief underwear covers. Place special emphasis on incision scars and take care to avoid sensitive nerves. The femoral nerve sits outside the bikini area and should be avoided. Pressure should be tolerable, mildly uncomfortable, and held until the trigger point becomes comfortable (approximately 2 to 5 relaxing breaths) before moving on to the next trigger point. Breathing should remain consistent and relatively deep throughout. Rib or shallow breathing, as in mild hyperventilation, indicate the pressure is too deep and should be adjusted downward until breathing returns to normal.
Individuals unable to perform the trigger point release may relax the pelvic muscles by lying face down on a rolled bath towel. Place the towel on the lower abdomen below the navel, above the pubic bone and inside the hips. The towel should be a comfortable height and allow deep and relaxing breathing. Place the head/neck in a comfortable position as well. Remain until fully relaxed and then roll off the side of the towel and onto the back.
Successful stretching for PFD occurs along the deep front line (Myers, p. 192) in a closed chain and includes the torso muscles. Lateral lunges with opposite arm reach over head and multidirectional lunges with opposite arm reach over head stretch this line as an entire, functional complex (aka the "Saturday Night Fever" stretch). Minimal discomfort should occur as the client holds the stretch for 2 to 5 easy breaths. Again, breathing should remain consistent and relatively deep throughout. Rib or shallow breathing, as in mild hyperventilation, indicate the stretch is too deep and the range of motion should be adjusted downward until breathing returns to normal.
Returning to optimal performance begins with the health of the lumbopelvic cylinder and the pelvic floor. Its location in the 'no fly' zone and embarrassing symptoms make it difficult to discuss and treat. Its contribution to chronic groin, low back and lower limb injuries make it essential to address. Kegel exercises strengthen a hypotonic pelvic floor while trigger point therapy and deep front line stretching releases a hypertonic floor. Successful results occur in the presence of a normal breathing pattern and fully functioning transversus abdominis. Strength, power and performance improve only when the lumbopelvic cylinder functions.
Beth Kais is by far "THE BEST" Personal Trainer I have worked with. She is the only trainer who does muscle testing in order to know what muscles you need to strengthen. There is no way anyone knows what type of work out to do unless they know where they are weak. Her work out is incredible and you get better in just about any issue you have. She is by far the most intelligent women I have met with knowledge of balance of the body. There are far to many " personal trainer's, who for most part do not know what they are doing. Please contact me for Beth's contact number. I promise you will thank you me as my Princeton University Athlete's have!
Thank you Beth for all your help!
Suzanne Newman
Stein, Amy, MPT. Pelvic Floor Dysfunction & Pelvic Pain, 2010, www.beyondbasicphysicaltherapy.com
Chaitow, Leon and Jones, Ruth Lovegrove 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 34.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 33.
Dalcourt, Michol, 2012. Footwear and Function – Views on Barefoot Training, 1/11/12, NSCA webinar.
Landow, Loren 2010. Trunk Training for Performance. 9/15/10, NSCA webinar.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 101.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 115-120.
Dalton, Eric et al 2012. Dynamic Body. USA, Freedom From Pain Institute, p. 69.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 34.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 41.
Chaitow, L. 2004. Breathing pattern disorders, motor control, and low back pain. Journal of Osteopathic Medicine, 2004; 7(1): 34-41, p. 36.
Carriere, Beate, Feldt, Cynthia Markel 2006. The Pelvic Floor. New York, Thieme, p. 107.
Chaitow, L. 2008. The Pelvic Floor Paradox. Naturpathy Digest. www.naturpathydigest.com.
Chaitow, L. and Jones, R. L. 2012. Chronic Pelvic Pain and Dysfunction. England, Churchill Livingstone, p. 102.
Weiss, David 2012. Prostatitis or Pelvic Myoneuropathy. http://www.chronicprostatitis.com.


text: Since the Good Friday Agreement was signed, peace has been maintained in Northern Ireland. But now, after twenty years of progress, Brexit has got people thinking and talking about the border again. This August I spent two days in Derry watching the Bogside Republican Youth building a bonfire. It was a stark reminder that while the majority of people value peace; there are those who would see a return to conflict.Read More

subset: commoncrawl


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Mag is a range of products with a sleek modern design perfect for living areas. This model is 29 4/8" high and features two side doors and three central drawers with push-pull opening mechanism. Both compartments have a glass shelf. Features wooden frame with matching sides and doors and top made of toughened glass.
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Calligaris' Italian-made furniture at Contemporary Lifestyles Furniture. Calligaris, an Italian company, has been manufacturing furniture since 1923. Calligaris began manufacturing wood products but has expanded to manufacturing modern furnishings from all types of materials, including leather and metal. With Calligaris' experience, they design smartly with not only aesthetics in mind, but also functionality and reliability.
We're one of the few dealers of Calligaris' quality Italian furniture in Los Angeles. Whenever it is about Calligaris in Los Angeles, we are at the forefront. Our showroom in Torrance, California carries quality Italian furniture, so stop by today!
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- Home
- Memorabilia
- Brown University
- Brown University Juice Glass
Product Description
Brown University juice glass. Multiple quantities available. The glass has the sale of Brown and the motto "Sigillum Universitatis Brunensis". The glasses measure 2 7/8 inches tall and 2 1/4 inches in diameter and weighs 3.4 ounces. From the estate of a Brown professor.


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Friday, September 18, 2009
NEVER SEEN BEFORE FOOTAGE: Leopard vs. croc
A series of incredible pictures taken at a South African game reserve document the first known time that a leopard has taken on and defeated a croc. The photographs were taken by Hal Brindley, an American wildlife photographer, who was supposed to be taking pictures of hippos from his car in the Kruger National Park. The giant cat raced out of cover provided by scrub and bushes to surprise the crocodile, which was swimming nearby. A terrible and bloody struggle ensued. Eventually, onlookers were amazed to see the leopard drag the crocodile from the water as the reptile fought back. With the crocodile snapping its powerful jaws furiously, the two animals somersaulted and grappled. Despite the crocodile's huge weight and strength, the leopard had the upper hand catching its prey by the throat. Eventually the big cat was able to sit on top of the reptile and suffocate it. In the past, there have been reports of crocodiles killing leopards, but this is believed to the first time that the reverse scenario has been observed.
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Posted by EllerG at 12:19 AM
Labels: Amazing wild animals
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I love my job!
I am so incredibly blessed to be surrounded by awesome and talented people. Since I'm on the committee for the 3rd annual Art Walk celebration in Fullerton, I'm excited to see the fruits of our labor come to fruition tomorrow. Representing my store (Roadkill Ranch & Boutique) is one of the most amazing artists I've ever met, Mr. Tom Vadakan. Aside from numerous works and exhibits, he was recently commissioned to do an illustration character by the crew on the set of the upcoming Star Trek movie. It was a gift to their director J.J. Abrams.
Also representing Roadkill Ranch is the super talented Dano Forte. He is a one man band with a huge following. His act "The Juke Joint Freak Show" is so incredible that he recently opened for Social Distortion three nights in a row at The House of Blues in Anaheim.
If you live in the area, I hope you will stop by the Museum Center in Fullerton tomorrow night from 6pm to 10pm and check out all of the incredible artists and musicians that will be performing.
"Part of the art of living is learning to live with art." – Unknown


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Biographical entry Fenner, Charles Albert Edward (1884 - 1955)
- Born
- 18 May 1884
Dunach, Victoria, Australia
- Died
- 9 June 1955
Rose Park, South Australia, Australia
- Occupation
- Science educator and Geographer
Charles Fenner became the South Australian Superintendent of Technical Education in 1916 and Director of Education in 1936. He also established a course in geography at the University of Adelaide in 1930.
Related entries
Archival resources
Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science
- Charles Fenner - Records, c. 1890 - c. 1985, MS 178; Adolph Basser Library, Australian Academy of Science. Details
State Records of South Australia
- Charles Albert Edward Fenner - Records, 1926 - 1929, 909, 1926...; State Records of South Australia. Details
Published resources
Encyclopedia of Australian Science Exhibitions
- Smith, Ailie, Adolph Basser Library Manuscript Collection, eScholarship Research Centre, 2012, http://www.eoas.info/basser_browse.html. Details
- FENNER, Frank, Nature, Nurture and Chance: the Lives of Frank and Charles Fenner, ANU E Press, Canberra, 2006, 356 pp. Details
Book Sections
- Trethewey, Lynne, 'Fenner, Charles Albert Edward (1884-1955), Educationist, Geographer and Author', in Bede Nairn and Geoffrey Serle (eds), Australian Dictionary of Biography, vol. 8, Melbourne University Press, Melbourne, 1981, pp. 481-482. http://www.adb.online.anu.edu.au/biogs/A080507b.htm. Details
Journal Articles
- Twidale, C. Rowland, 'Charles Fenner and Early Landform Studies in South Australia', Historical Records of Australian Science, vol. 21, 2010, pp. 149-63. Details
- 'Fenner, Charles (1884-1955)', Trove, National Library of Australia, 2009, http://nla.gov.au/nla.party-632642. Details
Resource Sections
- 'Fenner, Charles Albert Edward - Ms 178', in Listing of Adolph Basser Library holdings, Australian Academy of Science, 1994, http://www.science.org.au/basser/manuscript-collection/ms178.html. Details
McCarthy, G.J.
Created: 20 October 1993, Last modified: 18 April 2012
- Foundation Supporter - Committee to Review Australian Studies in Tertiary Education


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Useful Links for Current Students
If you're a student at BCIT, here's a handy set of links to key resources at bcit.ca.
myBCIT is your first stop for information about your courses, schedules, fees and official communication from BCIT.
Getting Started
Finding People and Services
For Your Studies
Programs & Courses
- Find programs & courses
- Download forms & catalogues
- Tuition fees & refunds
- Program advising
- Cooperative education
- Distance education


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Design and Boutique Hotels Nuremberg
Design Hotel Nuremberg – WorldTop7 presents Nuremberg's best boutique hotels that are arty, hip as well as trendy! Our selection of cool accommodations in Nuremberg are full of sophistication and style having hip and modern contemporary design and décor.
Most of our recommended design resorts in Nuremberg have the charm of old incorporated with trendy designs. This creates a whole new level of style and comfort. Furthermore most of our boutique hotels feature exclusive spa treatments, swimming pools and modern fitness facilities.
As a result our trendy and new hotel suggestions for Nuremberg have the world's most skilled and innovative contemporary cuisine. The modern design will surely fascinate both the sense of sight and taste.
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Hotel Schindlerhof Nuremberg Germany
Hotel Schindlerhof Hotel Schindlerhof in the Boxdorf area of Nuremberg provides sultry sensory stimulating accommodations and stunning surroundings. A lot of
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Hotel Gasthaus Rottner Hotel Gasthaus Rottner in the green and lush are of Großreuth, situated in the southwester outskirts of
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Hotel drei Raben Hotel Drei Raben in Nuremberg Mitte is a uniquely themed design hotel that offers trendy accommodations and
Hotel Victoria Nuremberg Germany
Hotel Victoria The Hotel Victoria in Lorenzer Altstadt of Nuremberg, Germany is a charming family run hotel that has been


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Flanny's Five: Tigers D-up in second half to pound Crimson Tide, 68-47
COLUMBIA, Mo. — Five things we learned from Missouri's 68-47 win over Alabama on Saturday.
Tigers coach Frank Haith called it the best defensive half his squad has played all season.
No kidding.
The Tigers completely clamped down on Alabama after the intermission, turning a tight 31-30 lead into a blowout.
The Tigers did it with an aggressive 3-2 zone that bottled up Alabama's penetrating guards and surrounded Alabama's big men inside.
The Crimson Tide shot an abysmal 17 percent from the floor in the second half, hitting just 4 of 23 shots. The Tide also was 1 of 9 from 3-point range.
The Tigers (14-3 overall, 2-2 SEC) appeared to get some confidence back after dropping two of their first three conference games.
"We were able to use our length from our guards and our big guys," Haith said. "And we stayed aggressive on defense. When we stay aggressive and shut down the passing lanes, we can be pretty good.
"We're young. People forget how young we are — we have two seniors. But we're growing and getting better. This was a nice confidence booster."
Crimson Tide guard Trevor Releford, who came into the game averaging over 18 points a game, was a disappointment in what was a bit of a homecoming for him.
Releford, who is from Kansas City and went to Bishop Miege High School, is the younger brother of former Kansas guard Travis Releford.
Trevor, with several relatives in attendance, never got into a groove. He didn't score his first points until hitting a 3-pointer with 4:35 left in the half.
Overall, he had just 10 points and hit just 4 of 16 shots. He fouled out with 1:27 left.
"I'm sure he's disappointed," Grant said. "They did a good job on him. But I thought he had some good looks today and the shots just didn't fall like they normally do for him."
Missouri made a concentrated effort to stop Releford.
"Six eyes. We wanted to have six eyes on him at all times," Missouri guard Jabari Brown said. "You never know with great players like that if they're going to drop 20 or 30 on you, so we made sure to always have six eyes on him and play him tough."
Another explanation for Missouri's 37-17 surge after intermission was the return of Jordan Clarkson.
Clarkson sat out 13 minutes of the first half after picking up his second foul.
But in the second half, Clarkson came out and scored on two free throws and on a creative, spinning reverse layup to give the Tigers a five-point edge.
Clarkson's presence seemed to pick up the entire team as the Tigers went on a 16-4 run to start the second half.
Clarkson scored 12 of his 16 points in the second half.
Despite getting in foul trouble again in the first half, he said he can't afford to change his style.
"It's about being aggressive on both ends of the floor," he said. "I have to do that because sometimes I will get the calls, too."
Brown matched his career high with 24 points, hitting 7 of 9 from the floor, including 3 of 5 from 3-point range — the only Tiger to hit a 3 on Saturday.
In the process, Brown also took over the team lead in scoring now with 319 points to Clarkson's 317.
Brown was asked about the significance of being the top scorer. Does he get to be first in line at the cafeteria now?
"I was always first in line before," Brown said, smiling. "It was just one of those nights where I got the ball in the right spots. They sort of took away the (baseline) from me and I found other ways to score."
Freshman Johnathan Williams III had one of his best games of the season, scoring nine points and grabbing a game-high 14 rebounds.
Williams showed some fluid moves around the hoop for a 6-foot-9 player, and on one occasion reversed hands to hit a six-foot runner.
Haith was impressed.
"It was really good to see him attack the basket," Haith said. "He hit the boards hard, played tough defense, and it was nice to see his shots fall around the rim."
You can follow Jeffrey Flanagan on Twitter (@jflanagankc) or email him at firstname.lastname@example.com.


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If you live in Albemarle, NC, you can enjoy some of the best checking account rates in the state by banking with First Bank. We have two branches in Albemarle located on Highway 52 North and East Main Street, and we are dedicated to providing our customers with the best banking services.
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To love is to risk not being loved in return.
To live is to risk dying.
To hope is to risk despair.
To try is to risk failure.
But risk must be taken,
because the greatest hazard in life is to risk nothing.
The person who risk nothing, does nothing,
has nothing, and is nothing.
They may avoid suffering and sorrow,
but they cannot learn, feel, change, grow, love, or live.
Chained by their attitudes, they are slaves,
they have forfeited their freedom.
Only a person who risk is free.
( Author Unknown )


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Welcome to WebmasterWorld Guest from 18.104.22.168
Forum Moderators: DixonJones & mademetop
Good day!
I have a website with few pages and a contact form (php form). My site is now ranking in search engines and I'm also using paid advertising campaigns.
When I receive an enquiry through the contact form I want the main referrer through which a visitor has arrived to my home page.
I used the variable 'HTTP_REFERER', just to find that I am getting my home page as 'HTTP_REFERER' through which the visitors click "Contact Us" link and arrive at the contact form page.
I want to know how they've arrived on my home page.
Please let me know.
With warm regards
I am sorry I was not clear in my first message (post).. All my web pages are static.
So, is there a way I can track the referrer?
Please let me know.
With warm regards
If you don't have access to the server to enable and record session ID's that would enable you to track a user through the site, then tracking from page to page is difficult.
The easiest way that I can suggest would be to add some Javascript code (that will not work for a small handful of your sites visitors, but without going to server side scripting - php/asp/perl/etc - your options are limited). The code could add the users referrer to the links on your page, so you could see the referrer as it is passed from page to page. If your site had lots of pages, you should only add this referrer if the referrer isn't on your site.
So, internally, the links would look like (simplified Javascript for illustration purposes):
document.write( "<a href=\"sompage.html?ref=" );
document.write( document.referrer );
document.write( "\">" );
Good Luck!
Suggestion: try the JavaScript forum ;)
Let me see if I understand you correctly: basically, you have a contact form on your site, and given that you're doing some PPC campaigns, you'd like to know what terms, etc, brought traffic to that specific contact form. Is that correct?
If so, take a look at ConversionRuler. I use it to track conversion rates, etc, for a client who runs PPC campaigns. It's very friendly, easy to get it up and running, and doesn't cost you "an arm and a leg". I've been using it for sometime and am able to see which keyterms from my client's several campaigns are bringing the most inquiries (through the contact form).
Hope this helps!
[edited by: DaveAtIFG at 5:45 am (utc) on Sep. 11, 2004]
<script TYPE="text/javascript">
document.write("<input type=\"hidden\" name=\"REFERRER\" value=\""+document.referrer+"\">");
Then let the PHP script check for the 'REFERRER' value.


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The first settlement of Cambridge was established in 1756, located along the Indian's "Ticonderoga Trail." Many of the Revolutionary War stories from the colonists in Cambridge demonstrate that his was a civil war, and the people of Cambridge were suddenly pitched on the front-lines of the conflict.
Baum Site 17: The Continental Road Marker
Latitude: 43.026609 Longitude: -73.390108 Elevation: 497 ft
the best travel advice comes from the people who live here
Interests and Areas of Expertise
Regional History, American History, European History, Religious History, Culinary Arts.
Leave a Comment


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I did not give so much attention when my niece, whose husband works in a US base in South Korea, gave me this Tony Moly Intense Care Snail Foam Cleanser. I didn't know then that this cleanser is popular and also a bit expensive. I just thought that since it was from South Korea, it must be good. I've heard and read stories about how good Korean beauty products are.
Now, as you can see in the photo below, my Tony Moly Intense Care Snail Foam Cleanser is almost used up, as I kept using it after seeing it's very effective for me.
I use it only once a day, when I take a bath, and there were only a few times when I used it twice a day. After applying it to my face and then rinsing it, I get this fresh and clean feeling, and ready to face the world.
After a few weeks of use, I noticed the skin on my face getting clearer, cleaner and smoother and whiter. As you see in my photos below, there's really a clear change.
I should mention here that I don't get anything from Tony Moly for raving about this Tony Moly Intense Care Snail Foam Cleanser. I just felt that I wanted to contribute something to this beauty blog.
I thought before that Tony Moly was a name of a person, probably the founder of the company. I researched, and it's not a person's name. Just two meaningful words put together.
"Tony" means nice and trendy and "Moly" means 'included" or "employed" in Japanese. The company was founded in South Korea in 2006.
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Tony Moly is also available in the Department Stores of these malls:
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Tony Moly Intense Care Snail Foam Cleanser


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Technology Director
Nitin Singla
Nitin heads the engineering team at Ingenuity and is responsible for the evolution of Quest, our proprietary game development H5framework. Nitin is paramount at bringing efficiencies to our overall development process.
Nitin has over 17 years of experience in the technology sector and has played key roles in managing and developing enterprise-wide implementations as Chief Architect and Practice Head for organizations such as Fiserv, Birla Soft and Prime Technologies.
He started ground-up practices in many organizations and set up multiple Global teams across countries.


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As a premier provider of community based, family oriented health care, Schoolcraft Memorial Hospital believes it can best maintain this level of service through a customer focus, where we continually strive to understand and exceed the expectations of customers. This focus is enabled through effective communication systems, staff education, team building, quality improvement, work redesign and an empowered work force.
Patient services at Schoolcraft Memorial Hospital are provided through an organized and systematic process designed to ensure the delivery of safe, effective, and timely care and treatment in an atmosphere that promotes respect and caring.
Schoolcraft Memorial Hospital is committed to the ongoing improvement of the quality of care its patients receive, as evidenced by the outcome of that care. The organization continuously strives to exceed the expectations during a patient's stay.
Schoolcraft Memorial Hospital has partnered with Arbor Associates for patient satisfaction. Arbor Associates is a company that measures patient satisfaction of patient expectations. After being a patient at SMH, you may randomly be chosen to participate in a brief telephone interview. Our goal is to continuously improve all aspects of our service to the community, including your satisfaction. If you are called by Arbor Associates, please take a few minutes to answer the questions.
Our goal is to address any unmet need or expectation. We invite you to share your concerns with the staff caring for you or with the supervisor of the department. Our Chief Quality and Patient Safety Officer is also available to talk with you. We take all patient/family concerns very seriously and make changes to processes where we can, so that we can better serve our patients.


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1. General
These general sales conditions govern the contractual relations between Pianca S.p.a. and its customers and, even if not expressly referred to, constitute an essential part of every order and every order confirmation for purchase of the goods marketed.
Any modification to the clauses listed below as well as any special conditions must be expressly agreed in writing between the parties.
2. Price list
The latest price list published and sent to Pianca S.p.a. customers replaces and cancels all previous price lists.
The characteristics and technical information contained in the price list, the illustrations and in advertising material in general must not be considered as definitive, but as purely indicative. In particular, light, fumes and other environmental factors can cause colour variations to an extent that may prevent perfect matching of items purchased at different times.
Differences in the appearance and/or colour of products cannot constitute a reason for complaints from the purchaser.
3. Modifications to products
Pianca S.p.a. reserves the right, at any time and without prior notice, to make any improvements and modifications to its products which it deems to be necessary or advisable, without altering the functionality of the said products.
4. Orders
Purchase orders must be submitted in writing, with all sections fully completed, and must also contain all information necessary to correctly identify the goods being ordered.
Each purchase order represents a contractual offer made by the customer and, therefore, does not become binding on Pianca S.p.a. until it has been accepted by the latter.
The seller reserves the right to accept or decline any order.
In the event of acceptance, orders are still taken on subject to availability.
Pianca S.p.a. is not in any way responsible for temporary or definitive non-availability of one or more products.
Any requests for variations to orders must be submitted to Pianca S.p.a., in writing, within 5 days of receipt of the order and the seller, after having checked feasibility, may communicate acceptance of the variation to the purchaser within a further 5 days. In the event of acceptance, the new price, payment terms or new delivery dates will be fixed by the seller and all other conditions will remain unchanged.
Any modifications requested by the customer will entail the reimbursement of costs sustained by the seller.
5. Cancellation of confirmed orders
In the event of cancellation of an order, on any grounds or for any reason, by the customer, the latter will be obliged to pay in full, to Pianca S.p.a., the amount of materials and supplies already ordered by the seller and/or the full price of orders that are already in production.
6. Confirmatory deposit
At the time the contract is agreed, Pianca S.p.a. may ask the purchaser to pay a confirmatory deposit not exceeding 30% of the value of the supply. This confirmatory deposit will be governed by art. 1385 of the Italian Civil Code.
7. Prices and payments
The selling prices, where not specified, are those in the current price list on the date of shipment, excluding VAT and ex works from Pianca S.p.a.
Payments must be made within the time and by the methods stipulated, paying the amount agreed, less any amount already paid as a confirmatory deposit, directly to Pianca S.p.a. or to persons authorized by it to receive payment. Any cheques, bills of exchange and/or credit transfers must however be considered as under reserve subject to collection and will never constitute a novation of the contractual relationship.
Any breach or delay in fulfilling the payment obligations undertaken will give the seller the right to consider the customer as having forfeited all rights to the benefit of any terms agreed, to suspend any further supply of goods, even if relating to other order offers, and to cancel any other commissions in progress, as well as to demand immediate payment of orders in progress and of any other invoice falling due, in all cases reserving the right to compensation for any further damages incurred.
Any delay in payment will incur interest on the sums owed, at the rate provided for by legislative decree no. 213/2002.
In the event that deferred payment terms are granted, ownership of goods rests with Pianca S.p.A. until payment in full of the agreed price. Consequently, Pianca S.p.A. reserves ownership of all items included in the consignment until it is paid for in full. Retention of title of items sold rests, therefore, with Pianca S.p.A., according to Article 1523 of the Italian Civil Code.
8. Financial difficulties of the purchaser
If, after confirmation of the order, Pianca S.p.a. becomes aware of any prejudicial actions against the purchaser (e.g. protests, seizures, distrains), or of situations of financial difficulties, it reserves the right, at its discretion, to suspend the contract and require specific guarantees, or to terminate the contract as per art. 1456 of the Italian Civil Code.
9. Delivery
The delivery time indicated on the order confirmation can never be considered as binding; therefore the customer will not, in any circumstances, be entitled to refuse the supply because of late delivery.
Any delays by the seller in relation to the contractually agreed delivery dates will not, in any circumstances give entitlement to compensation for damages or for termination, even partial, of the contract.
Any request for variation of the delivery time must be submitted by the customer in writing, and approved by the seller; however, payment of the price must made on the initially agreed delivery date.
If the customer refuses delivery of the goods, he must himself arrange, at his own expense and upon written request from the seller, to collect the products covered by the contract within 10 days of the above-mentioned request and pay the residual price. After this period, Pianca S.p.a. will be released from any responsibility for damages, either direct or indirect, which may derive from storage of the goods in either the seller's or the carrier's warehouses.
10. Shipment and checks
The obligation to deliver the goods is considered as having been fulfilled at the time of delivery to the carrier.
The goods, even if sold carriage paid, travel at the entire risk of the purchaser and, therefore, any action to claim reimbursement or compensation for damage, shortages or anything else must be taken against the carrier.
The receiver must therefore check the number of packs and the condition of the packaging before collecting the goods and make, directly to the carrier, all necessary reservations for shortages or damage, for which Pianca S.p.a. cannot not in any case be held responsible. Transport costs are payable by the purchaser.
11. Claims
Any complaints and claims for faults and defects of the goods supplied must be submitted to Pianca S.p.a. in writing within 8 days of receipt of the goods.
No returns will be accepted without prior authorization by the supplier. If Pianca S.p.a. replaces the goods in question, the customer relinquishes any entitlement to compensation for damages. No complaint relating to the quality of the goods can be accepted as valid, even as an exception, unless the full amount owed by the customer has first been paid.
12. Intellectual and industrial property rights
Pianca S.p.a. is the exclusive owner of intellectual and industrial property rights.
The customer undertakes not to carry out any act incompatible with the ownership of such rights. In particular, advertising of the goods supplied, with photos or other media, without the prior written authorization of the seller.
13. Personal data protection
Pianca S.p.a. will process the customer's personal data in compliance with the valid data protection legislation; the data will be used exclusively in accordance with the article II of EU regulation (UE) 679/2016.
The concerned person may exercise the rights as stated in articles 15-22 of the above mentioned Regulation by contacting firstname.lastname@example.com.
14. Competent court
Any disputes relating to the application, execution, interpretation and termination of this contract are subject to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Treviso Court, with the exclusion of any other court.
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In 2009, swimming's governing body banned the full-body "supersuits" worn by many athletes at the 2008 Olympics. more...
November 14 , 1972 : The Dow Jones closed higher than 1,000 for the first time in history. more...
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Many people wonder what makes music music, why certain songs make us feel happy or sad, or how music serves to shape culture and history. These common musings are some of the fundamental questions asked and studied in the philosophy of music. As with the philosophy of science or psychology, this branch of study requires some background knowledge of the subject. Unlike the other two disciplines, however, music is something that most people have some understanding of — whether through the act of listening or through the complex art of performing.
Many forms of art, such as painting or literature, can be easily interpreted. Paintings generally focus on distinct shapes and forms that make the artist's statement obvious, while authors are able to verbally express emotions, ideas, and thoughts. Music, on the other hand, is largely considered abstract and open to interpretation. Thus, the philosophy of music is often a broad subject that is frequently debated.
One of the most common debates when it comes to the philosophy of music is how to define this art form. The broadest definitions state that music is either organized sound or the art of creating organized sound. Some contend that these statements are too broad, as speech and mechanical noises may be classified as organized sound, and poetry may also be placed into the category of creation. Other theories state that music can be defined by varying tones and pitches or by the intention of the person creating the music.
Another hotly debated subject in the philosophy of music is meaning and purpose. This debate questions why humans respond to certain types of music. Some believe that emotional responses and song interpretations are a result of cultural conditioning. Others, however, take a more scientific approach by suggesting that how we react to music is directly related to the evolution of our brains.
Value is also an important debate in the philosophy of music. Some feel that the great value we place on music is based on personal experience and emotional response, while others suggest that value is created solely on the mechanics of the art form. Another debate on the subject of value is whether or not we should hold such esteem for music. One position states that music is an integral part of society, while others contend that the simple pleasure of listening to music is trivial and unessential.
One of our editors will review your suggestion and make changes if warranted. Note that depending on the number of suggestions we receive, this can take anywhere from a few hours to a few days. Thank you for helping to improve wiseGEEK!


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Sometimes when I tell people about my sweepstakes hobby they respond that they would love to win too but don't have time to enter. I think people on the outside of this hobby think that all of us sweepers must spend hours everyday to be able to consistently win prizes. It is true that some people view this as a job of theirs and put considerable more time into it. You don't need to though, and you can still come out a winner.
It is all about efficiency and being a 'smart sweeper'. I'm talking quality over quantity. That is why Sweep Your State was started- to help you with just that.
I came up with these seven tips to help you save time on entering sweepstakes, but still enter enough that you can win (and possibly win more) on a regular basis.
(This post does include an affiliate link. If you choose to use them, it does not cost you more- it just helps keep this blog up and running.)
1) Enter sweepstakes that are winnable.
What do I mean by this? While all sweepstakes have prizes, some have much better odds than others. If there is a sweepstakes that is open to all 50 states, people have six months to enter, you are seeing it advertised on TV and there is only one prize- this sweepstake is probably not your time to enter. On the other end of the spectrum, let's say a local florist is running a giveaway this week, good for one week only and you need to be able to pick up the prize in person. There are so many less people that are able to enter and with the short window of time to enter, it will help keep the number of total entries down. You can search for your state to find a list of local sweepstakes in your area.
If the prize in the first example of the nationwide sweepstake is a dream prize of yours and you have an extra minute someday, it certainly doesn't hurt to throw your name in and dream of winning it. If it is a single entry sweepstake, everyone who enters will have the same odds. I just don't tend to put my time or energy into entering daily sweepstakes with poor odds. When the HGTV Dream Home Sweepstakes comes around though, I do enter once or twice just for the fun of it. You never know, maybe some year it will pay off big time.
2) Enter sweepstakes quickly.
Keep a tab of favorites on your computer or tablet and add all of your daily entries to it. My husband enters on his phone and prefers to keep a window for each sweepstake and quickly swipe through each window. Once you are on the sweepstake entry page, fill in the blanks quicker using Roboform or Autofill. Some of our devices have the handy Autofill button that you just need to click and it puts in all of your information for you. If you are entering on your computer you can install Roboform and it also fills in all the boxes for you at just a click of a button. Sometimes the official rules will specify that entries need to be manually entered, so that is something to watch out for, but not typically an issue.
3) If an instant win sweepstake includes a game to play, you can usually save time by not playing it.Look near the bottom and see if there is an option to click 'Skip Game' or 'Can't See Game'. Either option will advance you to the next screen to let you know if you are a winner or not.
4) Set a timer for yourself.
Our time available to enter sweepstakes on a daily basis is going to vary greatly from person to person. Let's say though, you have just ten minutes to enter sweepstakes today. Set a timer for the ten minutes and see how many you can enter in that time. When you are racing against the clock, you can really focus and get through a lot more than if you are just casually entering.
5) Some days casually entering may be a better fit for you.
If we are watching TV, especially football games, I find this to be a great time to get through my list of sweepstakes and search for new ones. I am too much of a busybody, so I can't imagine just sitting and watching a football game for over three hours. I usually sit down and 'watch' the second half but find this to be a good time for sweepstakes. It is time I would be sitting around anyways.
6) Follow your favorite brands on social media.
You are likely going to be checking your Facebook, Twitter or Instagram feeds anyways. This can be a quick and easy way to spot giveaways and contests. Brands will post a giveaway and it often just needs to be liked and commented on or retweeted. These are super easy entries and many of these have short entry periods, improving your odds.
7) Don't get so caught up in contests or sweepstakes that require a ton of work.
Some sweepstakes let you improve your odds of winning by doing various, time consuming tasks. Before you know it, ten minutes have past and you have only entered for one prize. These are such a time drain! The only exception is if you can see the total number of entries and realize you actually have great odds, then it is worth it.
There are also skill-based contests. These tend to take longer but are more winnable as many people won't put the effort in. I feel like those are a separate category because you are using your creative skills, and gaining fulfillment by expressing other talents of yours, rather than mindlessly clicking on more links.
I'd love to hear how much time you put into entering sweepstakes. How many minutes or hours a day do you enter? Are you entering seven days a week? How often are you winning prizes? It would be interesting to see if there are any correlations of time spent to prizes won.


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5/3/1292 02:00 The Arghentian Institute of Magic, Eoisle, Arghentia
"How does this thing work again?" Tselenah asks.
Dame Morgana Ricci, Tselenah's former instructor at the preparatory school of the Arghentian Instiute of Magic, rolls her eyes and lets out and exasperated huff. "You were an abysmal student, Your Highness. This is fourth-year magic." She picks up two metal poles that feature padded, supporting legs on the bottom and slowly flashing blue lights on the top. "These stay here," she slowly says, as if explaining the function of the devices to an illiterate peasant. "They guide you to this, your home. Another set of these has been set up at the Pan-Imperial offices in Alsae, in the benighted Kingdom of Penamharik,They will guide you to your destination. Once you disembarc from here, the rune you wear around the neck will begin counting time. You have two hours to find your sister and deliver Her Majesty's message. At that two hour mark, you will taken from whereever you are, regardless of what you are doing, and you will be transported back to this spot. We have reliable intelligence that your younger sister is lingering in the Marwbrite temple in Alsae. It is in the normal location, a mere four blocks from the Pan-Imperial offices." Dame Ricci looks at Tselenah with a disgusted sneer. "This is so idiotically simple, even YOU can't make it fail."
"You know, I control AIM and the Pan-Imperial," Tselenah says. "I'm always looking to save money. Perhaps a younger, less snide magical instructor will get students such as myself off to a better start."
Ricci's sneer deepens. "I am a dame of Queen Deirdre's International Order of the Silver Crescent. You can no more dismiss or disinherit me than you can get to Alsae without my help. I render that aid because of your mother's request, and not because I have confidence in your abilities nor because of your impotent, poorly-articulated threats. The Duchess of Sáerglen is not going to be in the temple forever.Do you have the documents?"
Tselenah let's out a frustrated huff of her own and shows Ricci the bundle, sealed with wax and stamped with the royal arms. Ricci takes the opportunity to poke the rune stone on Tselelnah's necklace and chant for about five seconds. Golden motes appear around the regent, and she disappears in a puff of green smoke.
She jerks to a stop almost five thousand miles away, staggers two steps and violently vomits. The Pan-Imperial staff wait for her with a bucket, having been informed of the Regent's intestinal distress while using travel runes or fold points. One of the other attendants stands by with a glass of water and vial of mouthwash. Tselenah drinks the glass of water and rinses with the mouthwash, spitting into the bucket with the bile. The two attendents bow.
"Which way is west?" she demands in Arghentian.
The attendents point the way.
"Is he here?" she asks.
"Your professional awaits you in the lobby," the manager of the branch office replies.
Tselenah thunders out of the office, down the stairs and towards the lobby. A man waits there with a long thin suitcase. Tselenah stops. The man bows.
"Set up somewhere east of the temple, with a clear view of the entrance," she says. "I'll be on the west side, she'll be closer to you.Take your shot carefully. You won't get a second."
"As you command, Your Highness," he says with a bow.
Tselenah hands him a card with an account number written on it. "Go to another Pan-Imperial, use this account," she whispers in Arghentian. "It will disappear after three months, or if investigators come sniffing around. I never saw you. I don't know you. You don't exist."
"I'll use the back exit.It's the beginning of the business day here," he says. He leaves after bowing, and moves silent as a shadow to the back offices.
Tselenah smirks and exits the front door on the way to the temple.


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Singita Sweni Lodge Luxury Safari Gastronomy Package
- Recommended Links
- South Africa Luxury Vacations
- Culinary Tours
- Luxury Gastronomy Vacations
Singita Sweni Lodge is offering guests the chance to enjoy an epicurean safari adventure – spending 4 nights in the magical South African bush accompanied by award-winning Chef and Restaurateur Bruce Robertson. Not only do you get to enjoy the South Africa safari, you can also bring along your foodie friends for a special gastronomy vacation.
Fondly referred to as the 'Afro-Gastronaut', both for his vibrant personal style and his penchant for pushing the boundaries when combining ingredients, Bruce Robertson is the Owner and Chef Patron of Cape Town's acclaimed restaurants theshowroom, thequarter, thestudio and thecafe – and is widely regarded as setting the benchmark for sophisticated dining in South Africa.
Robertson has gathered international experience and inspiration from working with culinary greats such as Gordon Ramsay, Marcus Wareing and Anton Mossiman as well as holding head chef positions at South Africa's award winning Cape Grace Hotel and Singita Boulders.
Singita Sweni's Gourmet Safaris will combine a world class bush experience in the Kruger National Park with stimulating conversation and educational activities with this flamboyant foodie. The itinerary features a range of delicious daytime excursions such as 'Bubbly' Tastings, 'Walking with Lions & Herbs' Picnic Breakfast and fun-filled Cookery Demonstrations, whilst evening activities will include Boma Drumming and a mouth-watering 'Sosaties and Stars' Bush Dinner.
Gourmet dinners will be paired with a selection of superb wines from Singita's extensive cellar collection, which boasts some of South Africa's most sought-after private reserves and limited release wines. Best of all, the group will enjoy exclusive use of the award-winning Sweni Lodge which features a chic and contemporary lounge, bar and dining area, 6 secluded suites with stunning views of the Sweni River and a sparkling infinity pool which offers welcome respite from the heat of the bush.
Singita Sweni's Gourmet Safaris start from £7,750 per night. This is based on exclusive use of Sweni Lodge's six suites and includes all meals, beverages and activities as well as road transfers from the nearby Satara airstrip. The Gourmet Safaris must be booked on an Exclusive Use basis. Minimum stay 4 nights. The rate is valid until 31 December 2010.
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On a Partial Overlay or Face Frame cabinet door the door is larger than the opening and overlaps the cabinet face. The amount the cabinet door overlaps the cabinet face on any one edge is called the overlay. The cabinet face that remains visible is called the reveal. You can choose the overlay that you want. 1/2" is popular but 3/8", 3/4", 1" and other overlays are quite common. If you have an older kitchen and your cabinets aren't exactly square a little extra overlay can help.
At this point you may either continue learning about how to calculate the cabinet door sizes for yourself. Or, you can skip down to the bottom of this page and use our Cabinet Door Size Calculator.
To find the width of your new cabinet doors, add 2 times the overlay to the width of the cabinet door opening.
Cabinet Door Width = 2 * Overlay + Cabinet Opening Width
Let's use an example of a 14" wide x 20" tall cabinet opening and a 3/4" overlay. 2 times 3/4" is 1 1/2". Add 1 1/2" to 14" and you will find you need a 15 1/2" wide cabinet door. We use 2 times the overlay because we have the same amount of overlay on both sides of the cabinet opening.
You will do exactly the same thing to find the height of your new cabinet doors. Add 2 times the overlay to the height of the cabinet opening.
Cabinet Door Height = 2 * Overlay + Cabinet Opening Height
Using our example door: 2 times 3/4" Overlay is 1 1/2". Add 1 1/2" to 20 and you will find you need a 21 1/2" high cabinet door.
A situation you may run into is that you have two cabinet doors covering one wide cabinet opening and meeting in the middle. Calculating this is a little tricky but not bad. You calculate the cabinet door height the same way you did above so you are already half way there!
To find the width of your cabinet doors that will meet in the middle, add 2 times the overlay to the width of the opening. (Just like above). Now, subtract the amount of gap you want between the two doors. You have to have some gap so the cabinet doors can close without rubbing against each other. 1/8" is common but 1/4" may be desired if you need a little extra wiggle room for non-square cabinet openings. Take the number you have now and divide that by two. This should be the width of your new cabinet doors.
Cabinet Door Width = (2 * Overlay + Cabinet Opening Width - Gap)/2
Let's say with our example opening of 14" x 20" we wanted to cover that with two doors instead of one. Take 2 times 3/4" or 1 1/2" and add the width of 14". You get 15 1/2". Let's use a 1/8" gap. So, subtract 1/8" from 15 1/2" and you have 15 3/8". Divide 15 3/8" by two and you will find you need 7 11/16" wide cabinet doors.
A note about hinges: There are a lot of different styles of cabinet door hinges out there. While you're still planning your project find the hinges you want to use in advance. And make sure they have the correct overlay for your new cabinet doors. You may find some hinges you love that you can only find in one overlay. Then, have your cabinet doors made with that overlay. Now is the time to figure all this out.


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Home > Promethean > Vol. 16 (2008) > Iss. 1
Article Title
Contributor Biography
Brooke Sahlstrom, a sociology major pursuing a career in photojournalism, transferred to Concordia from Chester College of New England where she studied photography and sculpture. After driving "the Northern Route" in three days between Washington and New Hampshire, she returned via "the Southern Route" in seven days and nearly 7,000 miles. Last fall, Brooke taught English and computer skills to indigenous youth in Cambodia and is returning this summer to do so again.
CU Commons Citation
Sahlstrom, Brooke
"Whimsical Thoughts in Suburbia,"
The Promethean: Vol. 16
, Article 52.
Available at: https://commons.cu-portland.edu/promethean/vol16/iss1/52


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Rocket Race: A Steampunk Rocket Building Card Game
Leagues of Adventure Rocket Race is a fast-paced non-collectible card game of Victorian Scientific Research, Groundbreaking Engineering, Financial Acumen, Heroic Endeavor, and a Dash of Luck for 2-6 players.
It is based in the world of Leagues of Adventure (LOA), a hugely successful steampunk role-playing game (RPG) of the same name published by Triple Ace Games. We have taken all the flavor of LOA, distilled it, and injected it into Rocket Race! Although based on LOA, Rocket Race is a standalone game, so you do not need to know anything about the world of LOA or the RPG to play Rocket Race!
What are the Leagues of Adventure? These fine establishments are gentleman's (and gentlewomen's) clubs, social clubs, scientific societies, and collectives of like-minded individuals striving to achieve various cultural, political, social, and scientific objectives, as well as earn public recognition for their deeds.
In Rocket Race, each player represents the combined resources of one such League that has taken up the challenge to construct and launch a Moon Rocket!
In order to achieve this magnificent feat you need to assemble a Rocket. Your Rocket must comprise a Steering Mechanism, a Capsule, and a Propulsion System, and you can add Accessories you think might aid your successful moon landing and return to the Earth!
The sample Rocket above shows how it's possible to create weird and wonderful spacecraft from almost anything lying around the workshop! Once your basic Components are brought together you may attempt a launch. If you make it to the Moon before your competitors you win the game, guaranteeing eternal fame and plenty of medals!
Rocket Race is a brilliant little game - but don't take our word for it! Check out what independent reviewers are saying:
A tabletop review site by Jonathan Nelson.
"It's fairly simple to learn and play. It's one that almost any player will be able to find a version that they enjoy. ...I really enjoyed playing it. I recommend that you give it a try. You might just enjoy it as much as we did!"
A website devoted to all things nerdy!
"Rocket Race, is one of those perfect filler games that has a lot of replay ability and the fact that it is also two games in one makes this sure to be one that will comes off the shelf a lot, especially if you are playing with more than two players you can get two different games out of this in one night!"
Polyhedron Collider has a website devoted to games af all shapes and sizes! They've given us a great little review for Rocket Race!
"To give you an idea of how much I enjoy this game, I played a demo at this year's UK Games Expo and immediately bought a copy! Rocket Race is a quick and silly game that crams a huge amount of competition into a tiny box."
Grim Tree Games is a UK based online games store who have just released this really new review of Rocket Race!
"I really like it! Its quick and easy and is a really nice filler game... Its one of those games that bring people in and gets them all talking"
The Meeple Mechanic's 'Kickstarter Badger' has taken a look at Rocket Race.
"Minimal dice luck, awesome theme and mechanics, and most importantly a better imagining of what is essentially a card game than I've seen in a while. Great job. I'd like a copy."
Breacher18.com was started by Jay Howitt, whose nickname was Breacher due to "Breaching the school rules".
"So what did I actually think of Rocket Race? As I said of the video its a great little game. That's an understatement, when I recorded the audio to the video I was extremely tired, but now I'm awake and I loooooove Rocket Race!"
A gamer for thirty years, Pookie has been reviewing games and saying mostly nice things about them for ten of them. His reviews have appeared in Steve Jackson Games' Pyramid and Journal of the Traveller's Aid Society, Campaign Magazine, Games International, The Unspeakable Oath, at OgreCave.com, and elsewhere. Currently they appear regularly at Reviews from R'lyeh.
"Rocket Race: A Steampunk Rocket Building Card Game is an amusing, if simple diversion that brims full of derring do, erratic scientific endeavour, and of course, the best use of One Hundred Hungry Mice ever!"
With all the gold promo cards allocated, we're excited to announce a new set of rocket component cards! The "Liquid Courage" set of silver cards will be awarded to the first 240 backers. So that means if you already backed our project you'll be getting these cards automatically. If you're joining us in the Rocket Race party then you'll get the silver cards from today!
We've designed these cards for the high class lunarnauts who like to mix their drinks! However mixing alcohol and rocket science together might be explosive in the wrong way! This rocket packs a punch with a Second-hand Still for a capsule, One Million Champagne Bottles for the propulsion and Pressurized Yeast Boosters for steering. When its all strapped and bolted together, its unclear if this contraption will make it to the moon but if you can combine these cards during game play it will help to boost reliability!
The silver look backgrounds (not foils) for these cards will stand out amongst all the other cards in Rocket Race and we will be commissioning the artwork for the set from one artist for a coherent look at the end of the campaign.
Once we hit 240 backers these promo cards won't be available. Also these are kickstarter only cards so don't miss out and become a lunarnaut today!
We're really excited about reaching the half way point in our campaign! So we want to give our early backers something special with a brand new reward. We have designed a special set of themed rocket component cards! The "Age of Steam" gold promo cards set includes a Refurbished Locomotive for a capsule, High Pressure Steam Jet for propulsion and Steam Vents for a steering mechanism! The gold 'look' (not foil or metallic inks) backgrounds will stand out from the other component cards in the deck and the artwork featured on the cards will be commissioned from the same artist at the end the of campaign.
Each individual card works as a standard rocket component but together they add a reliability bonus due to their engineering compatibility!
So how do you get these cards? Simple if your one of the first 120 who have already backed the project then you will automatically get them! Once we hit 120 backers this set of promo cards will no longer be available during the kickstarter campaign or after - so make sure you don't miss out and pledge today!
Rocket Race is two games in one, having standard rules and advanced rules. In the standard game, each player bids from a limited resource pool of 10 cogs to secure rocket Components and Events from a single shared deck. As each component or event is won your resource pool is temporarily diminished, leaving chances for your opponents to catch up.
Strategies develop with this bidding mechanic as you decide to keep or spend your precious cogs as components become available at the auction. You could wait for better components to become available before bidding or be a cad and thwart your rivals by bidding on Components they desperately need!
Bidding continues in this way until someone declares a launch.
In the example above, Jane's' winning bid means she gains the card but it also means five of her cogs will be tied up while the Component is manufactured. Each turn, every player takes one cog from every card that has one or more cogs on it and returns it to their cog resource pool for use in bidding. As play continues resources rapidly change from full to empty and back again!
For players who want to meddle with their opponents' chances or improve their own situation, there are a number of Event cards in the deck. You obtain these cards during a bidding phase as you would a rocket Component card. However, these Events are kept face down once obtained and their effect is triggered only when the owner decides to play that Event.
Events could stop an opponent's launch or speed up your own Rocket build. Either way, these cards can be useful during the game. But remember, they also divert your attention away from your own rocket building efforts!
Once you have built a Rocket it's time to declare a launch! At that point you must produce a viable Moon Rocket. Every Component and Accessory card has a Reliability rating. Your Rocket's total Reliability is calculated by adding each of these ratings together. This total is compared to a dice roll, which must be lower than or equal to the Moon Rocket's Reliability total for you to successfully land on the Moon and win the game!
In the advanced game the bidding is replaced with a resource management mechanic. You also add League, Workshop, and Workshop Upgrade cards to the game. The aim is still to build a Rocket and reach the Moon. However, obtaining the rocket Components requires your League to complete scientific research!
Each player receives a League and Workshop card. Every League card has scientific skills in three disciplines. These disciplines are Electrics, Mechanics, and Chemistry.
Once per turn your League can increase one of the three science disciplines by one point. This is recorded on the Workshop card. They may also benefit from a Scientific Breakthrough! The active player rolls one six-sided die and compares the result to the skill value on the League's card plus any Workshop upgrades. If the result is equal to or lower than the skill level of any of the three scientific disciplines, the player gains one additional point in each of those disciplines in his Workshop.
Acquiring rocket Components using your scientific research is easy! Every Component has one or more scientific symbols and values not used in the standard game. These come into play now. You simply look at the values on the Component card and spend the corresponding science research points collected in your Workshop. Once obtained, the Component is automatically added to your rocket building area.
Events have no scientific cost in the advanced game, but you cannot conduct any Scientific Research during a turn in which you take an Event card.
The launching rules in the advanced game are identical to the standard rules.
For more detail and to view the complete rules you can download the PDF here.
We also have the Rocket Race rules translated into Italian, these can be downloaded here:
Leghe di Adventure Race Rocket italiano
The retail version of the game will include the following components:
- x8 Steering Mechanism cards
- x8 Capsule cards
- x8 Propulsion cards
- x12 Rocket Accessory cards
- x6 Event cards
- x6 Workshop Upgrade cards
- x4 League cards
- x4 Workshop Cards
- x1 Advanced play turn sequence card
- x60 Die-Cut card cog counters
- x2 Six-Sided Dice
- x1 Rules Booklet
With Kickstarter backing we will be able to produce a minimum size press run of Rocket Race for the hobby games retail market. We need funding to cover artwork costs and printing costs.
The good news is that we have a complete game! All the cards have been designed and all of the artwork is complete. We produced a small advance printing earlier this year to test the market and, judging by the response, we think it will be a very popular game. With your help we will get Rocket Race manufactured for a larger market!
We've released this fun online flash mini game! Its not a representation of the actual game play, but it does immerse you in the themes, art and ideas from the Rocket Race card game - we think its fun and we hope you enjoy this while we continue to build our campaign! Make sure you let your friends know about this cool free online game.
With basic funding complete Rocket Race will be produced. If we exceed our target funding we'll bring you a number of stretch goals that will unlock extra cards which add more events and rocket components for every reward level!
The basic pledge level (MOONLANDER) gets you one copy of the retail version of the game with a sizeable saving on the RRP. We also have several upgrade versions of Rocket Race that will only be available direct from Triple Ace Games.
The Inventor's Pack is a beautifully crafted version of the game. The outer full-color card sleeve wraps around a bright red wooden box with the Rocket Race logo and cog motif emblazoned on its lid. The lid is held closed by mini-magnets and the card sleeve covers the box and keeps your game firmly closed when travelling.
The Inventor's Pack red box edition contains the following:
- x1 Small Wooden box 140mm x 95mm x 65mm
- x1 Game box card sleeve
- x1 Pack welcome insert card
- x60 Die-Cut card cog counters
- x1 Zip-lock bag
- x2 Six-Sided Dice
- x1 Rules Booklet
- x8 Steering Mechanism cards
- x8 Capsule cards
- x8 Propulsion cards
- x12 Rocket Accessory cards
- x6 Event cards
- x6 Workshop Upgrade cards
- x4 League cards
- x4 Workshop Cards
- x1 Advanced play turn sequence card
- The Scientist's Pack is for those rocket builders who need a little bit more room! It comes in a larger wooden box lovingly built and stained in a deep royal blue! The lid has the cog motif corners and a larger Rocket Race logo, and the interior is designed to contain more cards for future Rocket Race expansions. The lid is held shut by mini-magnets and the card sleeve slips easily over the box and keeps the contents firmly inside when you're travelling.
The Scientist's Pack blue box edition contains the following:
- x1 Larger Wooden box 194mm x 119mm x 75mm
- x1 Game box card sleeve
- x1 Pack welcome insert card
- x60 Die-Cut card cog counters
- x1 Cloth drawstring bag
- x2 Six Sided Dice
- x1 Rules Booklet
- x1 Globetrotters' Guide to the Moon booklet & Promo Card
- x8 Steering Mechanism cards
- x8 Capsule cards
- x8 Propulsion cards
- x12 Rocket Accessory cards
- x6 Event cards
- x6 Workshop Upgrade cards
- x4 League cards
- x4 Workshop Cards
- x1 Advanced play turn sequence card
- The ultimate luxury version of Rocket Race! The Lunarnaut's Pack was designed for those who want a unique bespoke experience. The larger wooden box has been lovingly built and includes the cog motif and larger Rocket Race emblem on its white exterior. Inside you will find all the standard Rocket Race game components along with a few additions and extras! The card cog playing pieces have been replaced with aluminium cogs. These are contained in a white/tan handmade leather pouch. The bespoke experience continues with a wooden deck box, the lid of which has the Rocket Race emblem. A Rocket Race pendant and Globetrotters' Guide to the Moon booklet with accompanying promo card complete the Lunarnaut experience.
The Lunarnaut's Pack white box edition contains the following:
- x1 Larger Wooden box 194mm x 119mm x 75mm
- x1 Wooden deck box 104mm x 84mm x 50mm (fits inside main game box)
- x1 Game box card sleeve
- x1 Pack welcome insert card
- x1 Rocket Race mug
- x60 Aluminium metal cog counters
- x1 Leather pouch
- x1 Rocket Race emblem pendant on a leather cord
- x2 Six Sided Dice
- x1 Rules Booklet
- x1 Globetrotter's Guide to the Moon booklet & Promo Card
- x8 Steering Mechanism cards
- x8 Capsule cards
- x8 Propulsion cards
- x12 Rocket Accessory cards
- x6 Event cards
- x6 Workshop Upgrade cards
- x4 League cards
- x4 Workshop Cards
- x1 Advanced play turn sequence card
We've added a number of pledge levels to suit any gamer's budget and get as much from Rocket Race as possible. Please check out our recommended pledge levels below.
We have a number of add-ons to enhance your Rocket Race experience! Please remember all add-ons require additional shipping costs to be added. Please use our PLEDGE CALCULATOR to get your precise pledge amount.
Please follow the shipping advice on each pledge level. If you are adding add-ons please use our PLEDGE CALCULATOR to make sure your pledge is correct:
Any pledges missing shipping may result in delayed rewards while we sort out the issue.
To gain a quick insight into the rules of Rocket Race please view our Rocket Race rules introduction video below:
Risks and challenges
The design for Rocket Race has been completed, so we know what will be going into the final product. We also have a great deal of experience in the field of games publishing and we think we can deliver this project without problems.
Things can go wrong with anything that goes into a manufacturing process, however. We have identified that delays in artwork delivery and delays in manufacturing could happen. To accommodate these possibilities we have allowed additional time in our schedule. If all goes to plan we may even be able to deliver the project a little sooner.
We understand the printing process as we have printed a large number of products previous to this project, and we know how to communicate our ideas to the printer. We have discussed proofing requirements so we know that when the printing press is started Rocket Race will match our specification requirements.
With projects like this there is nearly always something that costs more, so it is good business sense to have some contingency. We have built a contingency into our costs.
No matter what problems may occur we will always keep our backers and supporters informed of all issues, ensuring you are kept aware of the situation and how we are dealing with it.Learn about accountability on Kickstarter
Funding period
- (34 days)


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National Student Drama Festival
Charity information
National Student Drama Festival
"The National Student Drama Festival is a unique gathering point for those with a dash of theatre running through their veins. If you want to meet the future movers in the entertainment world, come to Scarborough. " (Alan Cox, Actor, Festival Discussion Leader NSDF07)
Britain thrives on festivals. Brighton, Glastonbury, Latitude and the Edinburgh Festival itself are all incredible and exhilarating events of variety and ambitious scope. They are places where the world's work comes, and where it is found and celebrated. The National Student Drama Festival embraces in embryo the aspirations of all these festivals.
NSDF is now in its 53rd year and each year the NSDF team see over 100 student shows from all across the UK and transfers the most exceptional to the festival in Scarborough. For one week a year we create our own theatre spaces and produce at least 5 performances a day. At NSDF07 we had 38 performances in six days, watched by over eight hundred students who came from all over the country to spend the week in Scarborough.
Between the shows we ran 120 workshops led by a host of industry specialists including: Nabil Shaban, founder of Graeae, who led workshops on political theatre; Indhu Rubasingham, Artistic Associate at the Young Vic, who ran workshops for young directors; Hull Truck, who ran a series of writer's workshops that culminated in them commissioning one young writer; Nick Moran, star of Lock Stock and Two Smoking Barrels, who gave a masterclass in acting and invited students to audition for his new film Telstar, The Lyric Hammersmith who presented workshops on physical theatre - the list goes on.
"It was at NSDF that I first saw what theatre could do and what it could be" (David Farr, Artistic Director, Lyric Hammersmith, Resident Company NSDF07)
Registered Charity Number: 1054121
Phone number: 020 7354 8070View charity accounts on the Charity Commission website
NSDF08 Edinburgh Festival Fringe CompetitionNSDF07 in conjunction with The Pleasance launched the first ever Edinburgh Festival Fringe... More