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We conserve water as much as possible. I have reduced my showers to 5 minutes and we just installed a rain barrel to water our plants. However, our kids love to turn on the faucet to brush their teeth or wash their hands and run the water forever. They are still young so it is hard to make them understand they are wasting water. Since it is so hot outside, they want to play in the baby pool or run through the sprinkler. We try to limit the sprinkler use or strategically place it to water new grass or plants, but sometimes we just let it run in the name of good fun.
I started a compost heap several months ago. Nothing fancy or thought out. I just dumped our kitchen scraps and yard scraps in a pile, stirred it every now and that was it. Well, our dog started getting up in the middle of the night and barking at something. It was driving us nuts. We finally realized some creature was eating the scraps from our compost heap. I stopped adding to the pile and our dog has stopped barking in the middle of the night. Well, I have been to lazy to build a proper compost bin and do more research on how to properly maintain it. There are just so many hours in the day, you know? This is something I hope to do someday. hopefully sooner than later.
We recycle what we can and I recycle at work. However, I am still not quite sure what plastics are really supposed to be recycled at our local center. I have read conflicting information. So most of the time everything with a number gets thrown in. I really hope I am not screwing up the whole process.
Now I always taking packaging into account when purchasing items. Although, I am conscious of this it is still hard to avoid access packaging and waste. Eating take out is probably the worse, but I still do it. I have learned which restaurants are the best as far as this is concerned, but sometimes food and convenience win out.
We now unplug our toaster, coffee maker, hair dryer, and computer when not in use. We always turn off the lights when we leave a room. We never leave the TV on if someone is not sitting in front of it. However, the TV and DVD player in our room stays plugged in all the time eventhough we seldom use it. I have a Smart Power Strip that I need to install on our entertainment system, but have not gotten around to it.
Like the Green & Natural Mom, I like toilet paper and probably use too much. We also use disposable diapers for my 2 year old son who will hopefully be potty trained soon. (wishful thinking I know) However, we do not use paper napkins, plates or paper towels. We use cloth napkins and rags for spills and clean ups.
I really wanted to start using all homemade cleaners. I do use a vinegar, water, soap blend to clean the countertops, but the bathrooms are a different story. I decided to splurge on a store bought"green" cleaner. It works well and does not smell toxic so that is a plus, but I am not 100% sure of its contents. I know it is better than what I was using so that's good. When I am in a hurry, I still use windex on the windows. Using the vinegar blend with newspaper works, but I hate all the grim on my hands as I clean. (I know lame, huh?) Cleaning is definitely a work in progress.
This is probably the biggest challenge to me. I use Skin Deep as a guide when purchasing new products and have done pretty well with deoderant, sunscreen, soap, shampoo, and lotion. Make-up is a completely different ball game. I would like to say I go au naturale, but that is not going to happen. I still use the make up I have always used.
We like to eat out on the weekends and I don't see that changing any time soon. I know it would be more environmentally friendly and healthier to eat at home using locally grown foods. My husband and I have a huge weakness for Pizza and Mexican food. I always think that this might change if I had time and energy to cook, but that is probably not true. I guess only time will tell.
This is one I mull over way too much. I know there are many "green" options out there now for toys, but again convenience often wins out. It is hard to find any of these type of products locally and I like to see and hold the toys or products before I buy them. I know buying used at least for my own kids would be perfectly fine, but I enjoy buying them something new as much as they like getting the new toy. I try to reuse items we already have around the house for gift wrap. We always make our own cards with supplies we have on hand.
I could keep going, but she said 10 things so I will stop now. I can't really say what exactly made me want to "go green". I know it was not one thing or event, but I know I am committed to it. I am going to keep plugging away, making changes every day.


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In The Kitchen With: Pauline Boldt's Fig-Glazed Roast Pork
This week is the third installment of a submission by photographer Pauline Boldt. In December, Pauline shared a series of recipes with me that would have been great for a full meal, but I preferred to post them individually to avoid losing any single element. I think the three (Cornmeal Cake with Candied Lemons and Holiday Gin and Tonics) taken together make a fantastic meal (plus drink) that is simple and perfect for the winter. If you want to go a bit further, you can try Nikole Herriot's Onion Thyme Buns to accompany. Stay warm! — Kristina
About Pauline: Pauline is a world-traveling photographer and author of the blog 26 Merton Road. She is also one-third of Le Tre, a venture that combines wine, food and photography and features Tina Jones, Marisa Curatolo and Pauline.
See Pauline's favorite roast pork recipe after the jump . . .
Fig-Glazed Roast Pork
Serves 8
- 4 lb boneless center-cut pork loin
- fresh sprig rosemary
- coarse salt and freshly ground pepper, to season
- 3/4 cup fig preserve, plus more to serve
- 8 cipollini onions
- 2 anjou pears, quartered lengthwise
- 2 heads garlic, top trimmed 1/4 inch
- 2 Tbsp extra virgin olive oil
1. Preheat oven to 450°F.
2. Trim pork of excess fat; place rosemary sprig on top of roast and tie with kitchen string at even intervals.
3. Season pork roast with salt and pepper and brush with fig preserve. Place the roast rosemary side up in a shallow roasting pan. Roast 15 minutes.
4. Reduce oven temperature to 325°F. Arrange onions, pears and garlic (cut side up) around roast and drizzle with olive oil. Cook 1.5 to 2 hours or until a meat thermometer reads 155°F.
5. Transfer roast to cutting board and tent. Let rest for 15 minutes before slicing. Discard the string and slice into thick slices. Transfer onions, pears and garlic to serving platter. Serve with the roast pork, rosemary and additional fig preserve.
This roast pork is a perfect example of why I love being a food photographer. When Marisa decided she wanted to make a pork roast to be later shared with the people working alongside us during a photo shoot at Tolaini Winery, I was soooo happy. With fresh rosemary close at hand, she went about gathering her ingredients and putting this amazing recipe together. While I spent the afternoon photographing all other sorts of different food, I could smell the roast through the kitchen window. When it was done, Tina poured the perfect glass of wine to go with the dinner, and we, Le Tre, cheered each other to a job well done!
Tina suggests pairing this pork with the following wines: Red: Condado De Haza Ribera Del Duero Crianza 2007; White: Chateau De Lancyre La Rouviere 2011 Marsanne, Roussanne, Viognier; Rose: Domaine Lafond Roc-Epine Tavel 2010

subset: commoncrawl


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This site has been designed to post information about the band N. Nomurai.
N. Nomurai's semi-structured explorations produce their own dynamic form of heavy psychedelia, melding overdriven post-metal riffs, deep ocean-floor ambience, nods to the trance-inducing locked-groove pattern reiterations of the minimalism and so-called Krautrock movements, the textures and angles of noise rock, cascading kosmische raga cycles, and the permutation and deconstruction of themes often associated with improv jazz. The members represent a varied amalgamation of musical histories and blend the instrumentation fundamental to rock with live electronics, extended techniques, and unconventional manipulations.
To the right is the list of Chapters for this site. Using those, you can learn about the band's concepts and improvisational guides, it's members, upcoming shows, discography, and all past shows (including who else was on the bill); plus videos, photos, fliers, and dozens of hours of highest-quality Mp3's of live recordings that may be streamed from this site or downloaded for free.
All posts (including audio, photos, fliers, etc.) are the property of N. Nomurai or are used by permission of the respective creator. However, all posted material may be used by anyone in any capacity so long as: A. it is not used for profit, B. credit is given to the respective creator (N. Nomurai, the photographer, the recorder, designer, author, etc.), and C. the respective creator is notified if it is used in any public broadcast or elements are sampled into a larger work.
Please feel free to share your thoughts with us by writing to email@example.com.
Thank you.
N. Nomurai


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RIP Dr. Maya Angelou
Legendary and celebrated author, poet and actress, Dr. Maya Angelou, sadly past away today at the age 86
Listen to yourself and in that quietude you might hear the voice of God.
— Maya Angelou (@DrMayaAngelou) May 23, 2014
I've learned that people will forget what you said, people will forget what you did, but people will never forget how you made them feel. – Maya Angelou
Still I Rise
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As part of Interview Intervention: Communication That Gets You Hired, I included what I consider the 14 most effective job interview questions an employer can ask a job candidate. While there are loads of great interviewing techniques and questions, I feel it's important to balance time and effectiveness when determining whether a candidate and employer relationship will be strong long-term.
To aid in that effort, I identified the 14 I consider the most comprehensive—to gain the best understanding of the candidate's overall fit in the least amount of time. I am gradually releasing these through the blog and today's is Number 12. You can see a complete list immediately by downloading a complimentary ebook from the milewalk website!
Effective Job Interview Question #12: What motivates you?
This question usually stands alone, but employers have also been known to explore outside your work-related motivations. For example, the interviewer might ask, "What motivates you outside the workplace?" to gain an understanding of your hobbies or interests.
This question is designed to determine whether you are a motivated individual in general as well as whether your interests are in alignment with the company's needs. Obviously, it is not an effective match if you are interested in areas you would not have an opportunity to work in or that the company could not provide. This leaves two things to consider before responding. First, determine whether you have a good understanding of the position, and then highlight your motivations as they relate to the role (and potential future roles if you know those career options also exist). If the interviewer asks this question before you have strong understanding of the role, simply ask a clarifying question to ensure you can calibrate your answer. For example:
Candidate: "I have many motivations and interests related to my work life. Would it be most beneficial to highlight the ones most closely aligned to the role?
You might be hesitant to answer a question with a question. I don't consider this evasive unless you continually follow up with question after question. If you can show the interviewer that you are trying to help her get the most relevant information in the shortest amount of time, she will appreciate that. Using pointed follow-up questions such as the one cited in the example will help you acknowledge that you want to answer the question directly. It will also ensure you are providing the most pertinent information to help the interviewer assess you.


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Since we last rolled out new features in the Campaign Finance API, news organizations such as ProPublica and Mother Jones have used them to build interactive features about presidential campaigns, Super PACs and their funders. As the November election approaches, we're announcing some additions and improvements to the API. We hope these enhancements will help others create web applications and graphics that help explain the connections between money and elections. This round of updates does not include any deprecations or backwards-incompatible changes, which is why we're not changing the version number.
What's New
The proliferation of Super PACs — committees established to raise and spend unlimited amounts on independent expenditures — has been a major theme of the 2012 elections, and we've added a new response to the API to help developers track that activity in a more comprehensive way. Because committees can be active in any number of House, Senate or presidential races, we've made it possible to see a committee's independent spending broken down by state, office and district.
Throughout the Congressional primary election season — which continues through early September — candidates are required to report contributions of at least $1,000 in the 20 days before an election (the same applies to the general election in November). These filings, known as 48-Hour reports because they must be filed within two days of receipt of the contribution, give a near real-time glimpse into fundraising late in an election. The API has four new responses covering this data:
- Late contributions specific to a candidate
- Late contributions specific to a committee
- Late contributions specific to a date
- The most recent late contributions (alas, not for Senate candidates, who still file on paper)
In some of the more interesting filings, a committee will change the information in a previously-submitted report, so we've also added a response that consists only of amendments to earlier filings. A demonstration app that uses the API and Fech, our Ruby library for parsing electronic filings, shows how it's possible to identify the changes between filings.
The last new response concerns lobbyists who engage in fundraising. Candidates and party committees sometimes enlist the help of registered lobbyists to raise money, and when they do, there's a separate filing that identifies the lobbyists and shows how much money they have bundled for the recipient committee. These reports are represented by a response that details lobbyist bundlers for a given committee.
Improved Responses
We've added details to a number of responses (check the examples to see the specifics), but several are worth pointing out here.
Electronic filings
Filing responses now include a summary of financial information, the committee type and, for amendements, details on the original report. This makes it easier to build a simple but powerful dashboard of electronic filings similar to what Aaron Bycoffe of The Huffington Post has done. In a related improvement, committee detail responses now include totals for contributions to federal candidates and independent expenditures.
The two committee contributions responses have been improved as well. The list of committee contributions now includes contributions to non-candidate committees, along with new attributes representing identifiers provided by the F.E.C. Another new attribute,
transaction_type, indicates the type of transaction each record represents. Committee contributions to candidates now have the candidate's state, party and district.
Independent expenditures
During the presidential primary season we saw a number of independent expenditure filings that were amended after they were initially reported; some committees re-filed nearly all of their reports. To help users better distinguish and track these expenditures, we've included in all of the independent expenditure responses the F.E.C.'s unique filing number, unique transaction identifier and a hashed unique identifier based on those two attributes. We try to ensure that the API contains only the most recent version of a filing, which means that we replace older filings with amended ones as they come in.
More connections
While we have preserved the use of linked resources in responses, we've also added the F.E.C. candidate and committee identifiers as their own attributes to several responses, including independent expenditures and recent filings, so users don't have to parse them out of other attributes. We've also added an
amended_from attribute to filings and independent expenditures responses, so you can track down the original report when there are amendments.
To help developers work with the API, we've updated our Ruby gem, Campaign Cash, and we're unveiling a thin Python wrapper, nytcampfin, today. Both cover a wide swath of API responses, but we plan on continuing to improve them — we're interested in your feedback and requests.
We can't wait to see what you can do in the months leading up to November. Let us know what you've done in the forums or on Twitter — we're at @TimesOpen. And if you're in Portland for the O'Reilly Open Source Conference, I'll be there with some of my Times colleagues.


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Accepted forms of ID- State issued ID, Permit or Drivers License, Passport, Navy ID or Consulate ID. If you happen to wish to release your automobile from impound at another time, you should do so at the University of Florida Police Division (352-392-1111). There are auctions in cities across the nation, and most occur on a monthly, quarterly, or annual foundation. Inspect the car first before you place your bid so that you could effectively provide you with the actual worth of the merchandise; this will even aid you set your own bid price ranges which you will need to observe during bidding. CLICK ON HERE TO get a FREE Taxi journey to or out of your towed car (up to $20) on Uber! In GTA San Andreas, the Impound Garage permits the player to retrieve a car which was lost during a mission or cutscene.
Principally, the submitting connects your car insurance with the state so the state will obtain notifications whether or not your coverage is active. Carry your driver's license and insurance coverage proof, just in case you plan to drive the car dwelling after successful a bid. You're in all probability wondering why these businesses would get entangled in auto auctions. Automobile releases for vehicles impounded beneath ARS 28-3511 and Phoenix metropolis code 23-fifty five are issued during regular enterprise hours only. Passenger cars and pickup trucks are Class A light-weight-duty tows, which value $112.50 per impound. Every single day the one you love car is locked up in the impound lot, you are racking up very expensive charges.
Arizona legislation permits tow firms to file for an abandoned title to seek ownership of the automobile whether it is left unclaimed on the tow yard for greater than 10 days past the 30-day impoundment interval. As I mentioned before in the event you do have any problems you will see that it's extremely easy to get any show you how to need from the folks you got the car from. If the hearing officer determines that the automobile was properly impounded, you could pay the impound and storage costs or the Official Police Storage acquires a lien in opposition to your automobile.
What Coverage Do I Want?: Well, the impound lot goes to require your state's minimal car insurance protection on the very least. In the event you bid on a vehicle and do not pay, you'll be banned from future auctions. If you have not been able to get the knowledge you need from the website, please contact the Impound Coordinator at 623-882-7400. A: The general public auctions are held at the Impound Lot on the 1st and 3rd Saturday of each month.
Citing the sooner circumstances, Sato argued that due course of also was not needed as a result of the chance of an misguided impoundment was very small and, if the difficulty arose, it could possibly be addressed at a listening to after impoundment. The next methodology is by getting the phone book and looking out up the various public sale firms that you're prepared to travel to and ask them to put your details on a mailing listing for when the following police impound sales are occurring. The two most important methods, the first is by doing your personal analysis by trying on the net – however I've discovered this to be unreliable as many of the auctions have been outdated – one was almost 2 years outdated. A good place to find police impound vehicles is to look for the directory of Police impound auctions.


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Today I'm taking part in the Macro Monday photo challenge. If you like what you see, I encourage you to subscribe so you can enjoy the new photos I post a few times a week.
Technically this photo is a zoom and not a macro but I really wanted to take the opportunity to share it with you. I took it on June 21, 2013, when the moon was almost full and was supposed to be the supermoon of 2013. I actually tried to take a photo of the full moon on Saturday and then again on Sunday, when the moon was supposed to be at its fullest. But there was obviously some haze or cloud cover between me and the moon and the surface of the moon wasn't very sharp. So here's an almost full supermoon, also called a perigee moon. I love being able to capture so many moon details, including the craters on the bottom part. By the way, I used my brand new Canon Powershot SX280 HS camera for this picture, with a 20x optical zoom. I already love this camera!


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3545 S. Richey Blvd Tucson, AZ 85713 Phone: 520-290-3654 UPR Pro Shop
4453 S Rural Rd (1/2 block south of I-60)
Tempe, AZ 85282
Phone: 480-838-7700
Scan with your phone to see a map of this location
Scan with your phone to see a map of this location
UPR Racing Supply has FIA Rated Auto Racing Shoes available from Alpinestars, Sparco racing, RaceQuip, and G-Force. FIA rated racing shoes are required for auto racing in the Europe and in some types of racing US, the FIA Certification assures you that the racing shoes you are wearing will help protect you against heat related injuries in case of a fire. The FIA Foundation is supported by the manufacturers of racing products to test and maintain the standards required by the racing sanctioning bodies. All FIA Rated Racing shoes will have a label showing the tested certification level of the racing shoes.
The FIA Shoe certification rating is 8858-2000. In the US, it is possible that and SFI or FIA rating will be acceptable for competition. Some Racing Shoes have SFI and FIA Certifications.
SFI or FIA rated Racing shoes are required for IMSA, Grand Am Racing, , SCORE and Best In The Desert OFF Road Racing, IMCA, World of Outlaws, Quarter Midget Racing, Junior Drag racing, Bandolero Racings, Cage Kart Racing, Trophy Kart Racing, Dwarf Car Racing Suit, Midget Racing, pcs Racing, BMWCCA Arcing, VARA and SVRA Vintage Car Racing, IMSA,Trans-Am Racing, American LeMans Series Racing, SCCA Road Racing, Arizona Racing, Desert Racing, NASA Racing, SCORE and Best In The Desert OFF Road Racing. UPR Racing Supply can assist you in selecting a pair of FIA Rated racing Shoes that can ship the same day.
UPR Racing Supply can assist you in selecting a pair of FIA Rated racing Gloves that can ship the same day. If you're looking for FIA Rated Racing Gloves in Tucson, stop by our Racing Supply outlet at 3705 S Palo Verde Blvd. Tucson AZ 85713


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Ecru Shetland Top
Ecru Shetland Top
A 4 oz bump of luxurious natural white Shetland top from the Shetland Isles. It is the perfect wool for a spinner of any level. It is good for many knitting, and crocheting projects.
Why not grab a ball of each color Shetland to make yourself a gorgeous faire isle garment?
Add To Cart


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sola – 13 (END)
Matsuri raises Takeshi's sword to stab Aono, but Aono pushes Yorito off of her and manages to only get hit in the shoulder.
Matsuri raises Takeshi's sword to stab Aono, but Aono pushes Yorito off of her and manages to only get hit in the shoulder.
Sometime in the past, Matsuri had learned of Yorito and Aono's plans to leave the cave where they were staying, and she had assumed that they were going by themselves.
As he pulls off the pictures of the blue sky from his ceiling, Yorito remembers how he had told Matsuri about wanting to turn everything back with his sister.
Yorito returns with Mana to the deserted house where he stabbed Matsuri, but he's still not sure why he did it and decides that he has to find her.
Declaring that Matsuri isn't here anymore and saying goodbye, Aono sharpens her origami paper and attacks.
Yorito sees Matsuri lying on the ground bleeding after he stabbed her, but the next thing he knows, it's daytime and he's sitting in class.
It has been a week since Matsuri disappeared, and Yorito finds himself starting at the sunrise one morning at the drink machine where they first met.
A long time ago, Yorito had arrived at a cave after struggled to climb a hill in direct sunlight while wearing a hood.
Many years ago, a boy had arrived home to find a girl who resembled Mayuko lying in a pool of her own blood.
When her classmates come to visit her at the hospital, Koyori tells them that she's not lonely because her sister always comes to visit and because she has someone to play with here.
With Matsuri getting settled down in his home, Yorito is ready to go to school again, but he panics when Mana drops by to pick him up.
While the man with the sword is occupied with Yorito's sudden intrusion into the church, Matsuri grabs a candelabra and rushes toward the entrance.
Early one morning, Morimiya Yorito leaves home and bikes to the waterfront so that he can take pictures of the first light of day.


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072_Harding and Amos Hiatt Junior High Schools
072_Harding and Amos Hiatt Junior High Schools
This is a page from the collection "Bicentennial Reflections: History of Des Moines Public Schools, 1876-1976" by Dr. Robert R. Denny, published by the Des Moines Public Schools in Des Moines, Iowa in 1976.
File Name
70 In the fabulous 50's came Sputnik. The schools reorganized their curriculum to meet the need for a more scientific approach. While struggling to revamp curriculum in the early 60's, rights, riots and supreme rules had a serious impact on schools. Warren Harding Junior High administration, staff, and the Des Moines Schools, made what they thought to be a just decision regarding "black arm bands". The Supreme Court of the United States, in its decision, over-ruled the opinions of the lower courts and the school district. Tinker vs Des Moines Schools became the basis for the many student rights decisions which have followed. What began and had its inception at Warren Harding Junior High has had a profound effect on all schools in the United States. January 10, 1974, oil, from a broken feeder line, ignited, causing extensive smoke and fire damage. Temporary school facilities were set up in space available at North High. Accommodations were crowded. Three weeks after the fire, we were allowed to return to our building. Two other fires occurred, during a short period after our return, which were determined to be the work of an arsonist. During the 1975-1976 school year, Warren Harding Junior High will celebrate its 50th anniversary of educational service to the community. Educational Program The organization of a junior high school geared to meet the needs of the adolescent involves a varied program built around the activities of this age group providing valuable training in scholarship, sportsmanship, leadership, and service. The program at Warren Harding is planned to provide continued training the basic areas of knowledge; to enable students to explore academic and non-academic areas for vocational and avocational possibilities dependent upon their interest, apptitude and ability; to learn to live with and understand those with differing backgrounds or customs; and to achieve a better understanding of their own rights and responsibilities to their self and others. With student rights, teachers rights and the rights of the individual the mid 70's finds our programs being constantly examined. The rights of all interest groups are thoroughly explored by all 8th grade social science students during an extended unit on American Diversities. Career Education has been integrated into all subject area teaching. Students learn the what, the why and the how of their career interest. On the job visitations in differing career interests are a part of our program in Manpower and Economics. Learning Disabilities are receiving much recognition. Our Special Program Utilizing Resource Teachers (SPURT) is enabling students to examine their basic fundamentals and improve them where they find themselves to be weak. Volunteers have been beneficial in making the program work. They provide the one-to-one learning situation which many students need. During the 1975-1976 school year Warren Harding Junior High will participate in the Statewide Mathematics Assessment Program. Interscholastic athletic events at the 9th grade level, for boys, began in 1967, with competition in basketball, wrestling and track. Competition, for girls, began in 1973, with softball, basketball and track. In the mid 70's Warren Harding Junior High continues to maintain a high student population. They participate in the voluntary transfer program which permits innercity black students to elect to attend Harding. They participate in the Title III Career Interest Survey and the Title III Rent-a-Kid program. Other programs, which they participate in are, the World of Construction, Police-School Liaison and SPURT, the program for students with learning disabilities. Principals 1926 - 1956 James M. Sterrett 1956-1971 Chester A. Pratt 1971 - Robert J. Donly AMOS HIATT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL E. 15th and Garfield Grades 7, 8, 9 HISTORY OF AMOS HIATT JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL 1918 - 1965 Amos Hiatt Junior High School had its beginning in the building on E. 12th and Court. This building, known variously as "Old East" and "Old Amos,'1 was first occupied in March, 1891 when pupils from Webster and Bryant marched over in a snowstorm to be the first occupants, From 1891 to 1903 it was a grade school and high school combined, then Gary was built to house the elementary grades. Mr. Amos Hiatt was superintendent of East Des Moines Schools, and his office and the office of the board of education was at the E. 12th and Court location.


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As a recent guest on the Entrepreneur Radio Show, I shared my story on how I got into business, became an architect, and try to inspire others who might want to be entrepreneurs, too. My 5th grade teacher, without knowing, inspired me to consider a path in design. I had roots in construction, as… Read more »
Monthly Archives:: May 2017
The Legacy of West Portal Neighborhood
For many San Franciscans, the Twin Peaks Tunnel's last stop at the West Portal station is just a spot on a map. If you have a chance to hop off the train at Ulloa Street, you'll find an urban village full of hidden gems. Check out the 1944 street shot –some places don't change much!… Read more »
A History Lesson – Westgate House
The Westgate house was originally built in 1926, in the vicinity of Monterey and Westwood Heights. Nine years prior to this, the Twin Peaks Tunnel was built and created a very important connection between east and west San Francisco. The service through the tunnel evolved from streetcars in the beginning, and then into light rail. It definitely made getting… Read more »
Smart Control Technology For The Home Part III
There are some considerations in using smart control technology. Some of the items you can control are not that important to control. Do you really have to remotely feed your Koi pond? Do you really need to have 24/7 security cameras to check out your attic? And with the internet of things there are always… Read more »
Smart Control Technology For The Home Part II
The key to a robust small home is Bluetooth wireless. The wireless connect is what gives you the ability to control remotely. As long as your app on your smartphone can connect you have control. When I do a remodel I can incorporate smart controls. It does usually take some wiring and with the walls… Read more »


text: Andrea Backman (Ph.D. '06 Higher Ed) was named Provost and Chief Academic Officer of Strayer University. She most recently served as dean of the Jack Welch Management Institute (JWMI). In this role, she was responsible for all academic matters including faculty on-boarding and performance management, product design and development and the overall student experience. Working closely with Jack Welch, Andrea implemented a robust faculty performance system and brought student satisfaction scores in line with best-in-class institutions.


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For most boaters, engine maintenance falls into two areas: routine (including post-voyage cleaning) and annual (basically, winterizing and spring fit-out) efforts. This article touches on the most important points of both.
Routine Maintenance
Routine maintenance can prevent dockside or underway situations that could put your boat in harm's way and avoid dangerous — or embarrassing — circumstances for you, your passengers, and your boat. The good news is that with proper care and regular maintenance, modern outboard engines require minimal service, other than routine efforts and minor adjustments. A boat owner can handle most of the routine maintenance for outboard, inboard-outboard, or stern drive vessels without an in-depth knowledge of engines and with inexpensive tools and supplies.
Boat owners should thoroughly review the owner's manual for the engine at least yearly and closely follow instructions for routine and annual maintenance. Doing so will ensure that the engine works as it should and that warranty protections are not jeopardized by faulty or incorrect practices. Prudent boat renters will ask the boat owner about the engine maintenance record and ask if a log is available (see below) before renting or chartering a vessel.
Every boating season should start with a tune-up by a professional engine mechanic, either at a dealer or an independent shop. The mechanic should test the spark plugs and warning alarms, run a compression test, perform a lower unit pressure test, check watertight seals and water pump, and inspect the overall condition of the motor.
After every outing during the season, flushing the engine is of paramount importance, regardless of whether boating in salt or fresh water. The flushing is even more critical if, while underway, you ran aground or kicked up sand or marine growth. The cardinal rule for flushing is to never run an engine without supplying water to the lower unit. Just seconds of dry running can damage the water pump and other parts.
Maintenance Tips Before You Boat
- Slip "ear muffs," (two flexible rubber seals connected by a clamp) onto the lower unit where the water is picked up and attach a garden hose. Start the engine and let the water pump do the rest. Ear muffs are widely available at marine retailers.
- During the flush, check the water pump to ensure adequate flow by placing a finger through the water stream. It may be warm, but it should not be hot. If the output is hot or weak, debris may be stuck in the outflow tube. Immediately shut off the engine and insert a small piece of wire or similar object into the flow tube and work back and forth. Start the engine again and check the output.
- After flushing the engine, disconnect the fuel line and allow the engine to totally burn remaining fuel. After the fuel is expended, turn off the ignition. Open the engine cover and check for fuel/water leaks. Any leaks should be immediately repaired. Wipe and lubricate all moving parts, such as the shift and throttle cables, carburetor valves, etc.
- After completing post-voyage cleaning/flushing, replace the engine cowling. It is good practice to protect the engine with canvas or plastic when stored.
- Routine maintenance should include a check of fuel system components, including lines, primer bulb, clamps, tanks, vents, and apertures for leaks.
On-Board Maintenance Kit
An on-board kit with basic tools (screwdrivers, hammer, vise-grips, pliers, etc.) and the equipment listed below provides a boater with the ability to perform routine post-voyage maintenance and affords a chance to get back underway if mechanical, electrical, or other problems occur while on the water.
- Spark plugs and spark-plug wrench
- Socket and wrench set (metric and standard)
- Oils and lubricants specific to the engine
- Oil filter wrench (if needed)
- Extra oil and fuel filters
- Fuel stabilizer
- Funnel, bucket, oil-absorbent mats, towels, and an oil-disposal container
- Flexible garden hose with standard fittings
- Battery terminal cleaner
- Electrical system multi-meter (analog or digital)
- Hand cleaner
- Extra rubber hose and clamps, sized to existing on board hoses/clamps
- Teflon tape, leak sealer compounds, duct tape, and emery cloth
- Propeller shear/cotter pins
Maintenance Checklist and Maintenance Log
Developing a step-by-step, post-voyage checklist will ensure that you have covered each phase of the cleaning and flushing process every time your engine comes out of the water. Consult the owner's manual when developing the list to make certain all measures are taken and that efforts do not cause inadvertent damage. Many boaters create a one-page list, covered in plastic and kept on the boat, to be readily available at the end of a voyage.
For centuries, mariners have maintained shipboard logs to record events vital to a ship's operation. Recreational boat owners would do well to follow this custom for engine maintenance, but, of course, on a smaller scale. The few minutes it takes to regularly record maintenance performed and other information serves as a memory jogger for future maintenance needs, saves time and money during annual tune-ups, and provides helpful data. Keeping a maintenance log demonstrates that you are a conscientious boater and the fact that one is available will make your boat much more marketable to renters.
Annual Motor Maintenance
Even boaters who have worked on boat engines for years often rely on certified, professional mechanics to perform required annual maintenance. Entrusting motor maintenance to qualified mechanics with high-tech diagnostic tools and in-depth familiarity with the make and model of your engine helps to create some peace of mind when on the water.
If the boat engine is under warranty, using your boat dealer's service department for annual maintenance is the best approach. However, the marketplace is full of independent engine shops that provide services and their work is often accepted for under-warranty equipment. Independent shops may be less expensive. Ask fellow boaters whom they use to perform annual maintenance; visit those shops and observe the work and check mechanic certifications, as well as cleanliness.
A busy, active shop can be an indication that the shop performs good work and has no shortage of customers. Keeping your outboard motor running smoothly will make each time on the water a breeze.
For choosing an outboard motor, see our article here.


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|Jeff Davis
20th Governor of Arkansas
In office
1901 – 1907
|Preceded by
|Daniel Webster Jones
|Succeeded by
|John Sebastian Little
|May 6, 1862
Little River County, Arkansas
|January 13, 1913 (aged 50)
Little Rock, Arkansas
|Political party
Jefferson Davis (May 6, 1862 – January 3, 1913), commonly known as Jeff Davis, was a Democratic United States Senator from Arkansas and also served as the 20th Governor of the U.S. state of Arkansas.
Jeff Davis was born near Richmond, Arkansas in Little River County. His parents named him after Jefferson Davis, the President of the Confederate States of America.
Davis attended school in Russellville, Arkansas and graduated from Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1884. He studied law and after he was admitted to the bar in Pope County, Arkansas he commenced private practice of law in Russellville.
Davis served as prosecuting attorney of the Fifth Judicial District of Arkansas from 1892 to 1896. He was elected as Attorney General of Arkansas and served from 1898 to 1901. He served as Governor of Arkansas from 1901 to 1907.
Davis was elected to the United States Senate and served from 4 March 1907 until his death in Little Rock, Arkansas on 3 January 1913. He was chairman of the Committee on the Mississippi and its Tributaries.
Jeff Davis was well known for his outrageous rhetoric and oratorial skills even though he was a famous baseball player that played first base. He made a career of skewering the business interests, newspapers, and urban dwellers in order to appeal to the poor rural citizens of the state. He portrayed himself as just another poor country boy against the moneyed interests that held back the common man. Davis was equally able to wield humor, the "bloody shirt", and racial differences. It was also said that many of his supporters incorrectly believed he was the same Jefferson Davis who was the President of the Confederacy, a belief that Davis did nothing to discourage, and which he may have covertly encouraged. [1]
Davis was an avowed racist and segregationist. In 1905, when President Theodore Roosevelt visited Arkansas, Davis greeted him with a speech in defense of the practice of lynching. Roosevelt responded with a calmer speech in defense of the rule of law. [1]
Jeff Davis is buried at historic Mount Holly Cemetery in Little Rock, Arkansas.
Selected Quote:
|Political offices
|Preceded by
Daniel Webster Jones
|Governor of
|Succeeded by
John Sebastian Little
|United States Senate
|Preceded by
James Henderson Berry
|U.S. Senator (Class 2) from
|Succeeded by
John Netherland Heiskell


text:
Published at Friday, September 06th, 2019 - 19:43:59 PM. Office Desk. By Didier Perrault.
Office desks are usually ordered in bulk. Orders are usually placed by hiring a carpentry contractor, who crafts the desks along with the other office furniture. As they are ordered in bulk, their prices are lower than on an individual basis. Yet, desks for offices are more expensive than home desks or institutional desks due to the reason that they need innovation and uniqueness in design. Their prices depend on their design, and quality. These office desks can cost about $200.
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We build websites that enable you to put your best foot forward. And with our digital marketing expertise, you can run!
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Our websites are built for the needs of the small business in mind. Modern, simple, and extremely effective. They look beautiful on any device, and once we are done, are dead simple to edit yourself. By leveraging the power of Squarespace, we can deliver you a stunning new website in as little as two weeks! See how our approach is changing the way things are done.
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Reach your customers where they spend the most time. There is no better place to build your brand and get the attention of those most likely to engage with your business and its products than on their favorite social media channel. We build our marketing campaigns custom to each client and every decision is backed by analytics and complimented by years of experience.
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Your brand does not only represent personality, but the company's entire reason of being, its spirit and soul. One part science, one part art. We can create everything from start to finish based on user centered principles. Our approach is built around designing for demand, and to stand the test of time. In business, first impressions are everything. We can help you make it count.


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Skylanders Swap Force Starter Pack (PS3) – R99 | Rzone *Expired*
30/12/2015 | 09:21 0 Posted in Game Deals, PS3, Sony
Skylanders Swap Force Starter Pack (PS3) – R99.10
Embark on an epic new adventure with the Skylanders and the SWAP Force. For generations, the SWAP Force protected the volcano that replenishes Skylands' magic. That is until they were caught in a powerful eruption that blasted them apart. Only you can mix and match their tops and bottoms, put them on the Portal of Power and save Skylands.
RZone offers free shipping on orders over R350. Otherwise a flat rate shipping fee of R65 is charged.


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After Chipotle seemed to have contained and ended its issues with E. coli contamination, another major restaurant chain, Pizza Ranch, has reported nine incidents of food poisoning caused by E. coli. Each of the nine incidents occurred in different states: Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, North Carolina, Nebraska, New Jersey, South Dakota, and Wisconsin. Only two victims were hospitalized for complications of kidney failure, but have since recovered and no deaths have been reported. The source of contamination is still not certain, but the company believed it may be linked to the dessert pizzas and the dough mix used to make those. The company immediately stopped use of the suspect dough mixes, but believe that the source of contamination is from an outside supplier rather than the restaurants themselves. The company and outside collectors have run numerous tests on various products, with no results testing positive for the bacteria linked to this outbreak. An investigation is ongoing, but Pizza Ranch reports that the last illness was reported on January 30, 2016 and they believe the outbreak is over.
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The Legend of Ghost Dog Island
Title: Legend of Ghost Dog
Author: Rita Monette
Genre: YA
Pages: 186
Format: Kindle
Behind every legend lies the truth
Ten-year-old Nikki Landry lives in the same home she was born in, but she has moved several times each and every year of her life. She lives with her mother, father, and younger brother on a houseboat, and her father relocates them frequently as he searches for the best crabbing spots. Nikki hates moving. She no sooner starts making friends when she is uprooted once again. The latest move to a really mysterious bayou takes her from her best friend, Lydia, and forces her to start over yet again in a new school. If that weren't enough, Nikki thinks she is being watched by something on a nearby island.
Rita Monette has spun a wonderful mystery based on the life of the Cajun people in Louisiana during the mid-1950's. The reader is immediately drawn into life along the Bayou. The characters are believable, and the hardships of life aboard an old houseboat, where the family is living in poverty and the father is doing his best to keep things together, is portrayed with sensitivity and compassion. Monette details clearly Nikki's trials as she tries yet again to adjust to a new school, make friends, and avoid a bully. Nikki's bond to her beagle, Snooper, is shown as a vital element in Nikki's life, providing companionship and stability through all the family's moves. So when Snooper goes missing and there is a legend of someone on the nearby island stealing dog's souls, the reader is right there, following Nikki into danger as she hunts for Snooper and tries to solve the mystery of the island with the strange howling sounds.
I really enjoyed this book and I think Monette has done an excellent job of capturing a time and place now gone. The issue of language, for instance, is shown as Nikki wants to learn Cajun French after hearing her father and others speaking it. This novel is set during the time when it was illegal to speak French in public. The laws changed in 1961, but for Nikki, learning French was like a forbidden fruit.
Monette also describes in mouth-watering detail the food that was common for the Cajun community. She uses a number of words common to this part of Louisiana as well, and she provides a brief glossary at the beginning of the novel defining the terms. I found that this technique of using a glossary first, but then letting the words flow naturally in the novel, was most effective. Monette's own drawings scattered throughout the novel are most effective in showing Nikki's world. I really think that Monette's readers will find it easy to learn about the Cajun people as they read a suspenseful story with plenty of action. The ending ties things up a bit too neatly, but it is satisfying to have everyone sorted satisfactorily.
I think that this novel would be a fun read for anyone from middle-school upwards. It is a very good story in its own right. In addition, I could really see this being used in a classroom with the possibilities for many teaching moments.
- Reviewed by Cyclamen


text: Response to Antiretroviral Therapy in HIV-Infected Ugandan Children Exposed and Not Exposed to Single-Dose Nevirapine at BirthMusoke, Philippa M MBChB*†; Barlow-Mosha, Linda MD, MPH*; Bagenda, Danstan PhD*‡; Mudiope, Peter MBChB, MSc*; Mubiru, Michael*; Ajuna, Patrick MBChB*; Tumwine, James K MBChB, PhD†; Fowler, Mary Glenn MD, MPH§JAIDS Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes: December 2009 - Volume 52 - Issue 5 - p 560-568 doi: 10.1097/QAI.0b013e3181b93a5a Clinical Science Free Abstract Author InformationAuthors Article OutlineOutline Article MetricsMetrics Objective: To compare the response to a nevirapine (NVP)-based highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in HIV-infected Ugandan children, exposed and nonexposed to single-dose NVP (sd NVP) at birth. Methods: HIV-infected study children were initiated on stavudine/lamivudine/NVP as a fixed dose combination. CD4 cell percent and HIV-1 RNA were documented at baseline, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks post-initiation of HAART. Results: Ninety-two children were enrolled in the study, 44 in the sd NVP-exposed and 48 in the nonexposed cohort. The median age at enrollment was 1.7 years [interquartile range (IQR) 1.2-2.4] and 7.8 years (IQR 5.9-9.2) in the sd NVP-exposed and nonexposed cohorts, respectively (P < 0.001). At baseline and week 48 post-HAART, the median CD4 cell percentages were 14% and 33% for the NVP-exposed group and 8% and 22.5% in the nonexposed group (P < 0.0001). The median (IQR) viral load at baseline was 650,568 (359,979-2,086,613) RNA copies/mL and 239,027 (105,904-494,813) RNA copies/mL in the NVP-exposed and nonexposed cohorts, respectively. After 48 weeks of HAART, 76% of the NVP-exposed and 80% of the nonexposed children had a median viral load of <400 copies/mL (P = 0.74). Conclusions: Both HIV-infected Ugandan older infants and children that were exposed and not exposed to sd NVP at birth had favorable treatment outcomes on NVP-containing HAART. From the *Makerere University-Johns Hopkins University Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda; †Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; ‡School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Kampala, Uganda; and §Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD. Received for publication January 28, 2009; accepted June 17, 2009. Presented in part at the 15th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections, February 2008, Boston, MA. Supported by Elizabeth Glazer Paediatric AIDS Foundation, International Leadership Award, 2003. Correspondence to: Philippa Musoke, MBChB, MUJHU Research Collaboration, Box 23491, Kampala, Uganda (e-mail: firstname.lastname@example.com). Abstract INTRODUCTION METHODOLOGY Study Setting and Population Study Design and Procedures Antiretroviral Therapy-Eligibility and Regimen Laboratory Measurements Statistical Analysis RESULTS Characteristics of Study Population Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes Virological Response Immunological Response Adverse Events DISCUSSION CONCLUSIONS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS REFERENCES Back to Top | Article Outline INTRODUCTION Approximately 2.1 million children are living with HIV infection worldwide, and the number continues to rise with over 400,000 new infections in the last year.1 Ninety percent of these children reside in sub-Saharan Africa with over 1500 babies infected daily. Without access to antiretroviral therapy, infected children from resource-limited settings have an unacceptably high mortality with 50% dying by 2 years of age.2,3 Over the last 5 years, access to free antiretroviral therapy in developing countries has increased significantly with over 1 million individuals on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but regrettably less than 10% on antiretroviral treatment are children.4 Before the scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in resource-limited settings, many developing countries had implemented Prevention of Mother to Child HIV Transmission (PMTCT) programs using the single-dose nevirapine (sd NVP) regimen.5,6 Therefore, a significant proportion of African children who become infected despite antiretroviral prophylaxis for PMTCT will have been exposed to sd NVP at birth. Multiple studies have documented the emergence of resistant mutations to NVP in both women and infants exposed to sd NVP during the peripartum period7-10; followed by subsequent waning using standard genotypic resistance testing. These high levels of viral resistance to NVP raise concerns about the effectiveness of a subsequent NVP-containing HAART regimen in women and children exposed to sd NVP. Most developing countries, including those from sub-Saharan, have used NVP as the nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) in both adults and children initiating HAART. Therefore, NVP has been incorporated into both PMTCT and antiretroviral treatment (ART) programs. Several studies among women who received sd NVP and then began NVP-based HAART treatment suggest that there is little impact on treatment success if the woman begins HAART >6-12 months after the single-dose exposure, whereas virologic suppression is reduced among a subset of those women who require treatment within the first year after delivery.11-13 There is, however, limited data on the effectiveness of NVP-based HAART in HIV-infected children exposed to sd NVP at birth. The aim of this study was to determine the immunologic and virologic response to a NVP-containing HAART regimen in HIV-infected Ugandan children, exposed and not exposed to sd NVP at birth. Back to Top | Article Outline METHODOLOGY Study Setting and Population Between October 2004 and June 2006, HIV-infected children aged 6 months to 13 years attending the Mulago Hospital Paediatric HIV clinic and the Makerere University-Johns University Research Collaboration (MUJHU) Research clinic in Kampala, Uganda, were referred for study screening. HIV-infected children who were eligible for antiretroviral therapy according to the World Health Organization (WHO) antiretroviral therapy guidelines for Resource Limited Settings, 2002,14 fulfilled the study inclusion criteria and whose parents/caretakers consented to have their child participate in the study, were enrolled consecutively. Before enrollment, all the children underwent the standard MUJHU clinic screening visits required to initiate HAART. These included adherence counseling, clinical and psychosocial assessments, and a home visit. Parents/caretakers provided informed consent for their children to enroll in the study and initiate HAART. Families whose children did not fulfill the study inclusion criteria had their children initiated on HAART through the general ART program at MUJHU or the pediatric HIV treatment program of the Mulago Hospital. Back to Top | Article Outline Study Design and Procedures We conducted an observational cohort study of HIV-infected Ugandan children who were either exposed to sd NVP at birth in cohort 1 or not exposed to sd NVP for cohort 2. The enrollment criterion for the study was similar to that for the children initiating HAART in the MUJHU ART program and reported elsewhere by Mosha et al.15 The inclusion criteria was as follows: confirmed HIV infection by HIV rapid tests (Determine and Unigold in series) or 2 positive HIV-1 DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests (Roche Amplicor; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) for those children under 18 months of age; WHO clinical stage III (2003) and or CD4 cell % <20% or <15% in those younger than 1 year and older than 1 year, respectively; care taker willing to provide informed consent, prior adherence to clinic visits and antiretroviral drug naive except for PMTCT. Laboratory exclusion criteria included hemoglobin ≤7.0 g/dL, platelet count ≤49,000/mm3, absolute neutrophil count < 250/mm3, and alanine transferase/aspartate transferase ≥ 5 × upper limit of normal, and serum creatinine >1.7 mg/dL. Additional exclusion criteria included known hypersensitivity to diazepam or NVP, malignancy, or on current cytotoxic chemotherapy. The study was approved by the Makerere University, Faculty of Medicine Research and Ethics Committee and Uganda National Council for Science and Technology. Informed consent was obtained from parents/caretakers before study-specific procedures were performed. In February 2006, the protocol was amended to allow for enrollment of younger infants, between the ages 6 and 12 months; a weight of less than 10 kg and initiation of syrup formulations for those children weighing <10 kg. The protocol was amended because most of the children who were screened for the NVP-exposed arm were either less than 12 months of age and or weighed <10 kg. Before the amendment, these children were not eligible for the fixed-dose combination (FDC) and were thus excluded from the study. The documentation of exposure to sd NVP was confirmed by several methods: examining antenatal records for those who attended the Mulago PMTCT program, previous study records for those children who participated in perinatal prevention trials, and maternal verbal reports including specific detailed questions to confirm exposure to sd NVP at birth. Most of the children from the nonexposed cohort were born before the start of the Mulago PMTCT program and therefore did not have access to sd NVP for PMTCT. After enrollment into the study and initiation of HAART, the children attended routine visits at 2 and 4 weeks and then every 4 weeks for the first 48 weeks. For the study, the children had clinical and laboratory monitoring done at baseline, 12, 24, 36, and 48 weeks after HAART initiation. Laboratory monitoring included complete blood count, CD4 cell count (absolute and percent), chemistries (aspartate transferase and alanine transferase), and HIV-1 RNA PCR. The pharmacy provided ART drug refills on a monthly basis as recommended by the Uganda Ministry of Health HIV treatment program. Toxicity monitoring (chemistries) was done at 2 weeks after initiation of antiretroviral therapy and subsequently when clinically indicated. Back to Top | Article Outline Antiretroviral Therapy-Eligibility and Regimen Consistent with the WHO and national antiretroviral therapy guidelines, study children initiated treatment with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors and a nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI).14,16 Despite enrollment over a 2-year period (2004-2006), to remain consistent with the original inclusion criteria and maintain a homogeneous group at entry only those children eligible for ART according to the 2002 WHO guidelines were enrolled into the study. Those children who were screened and fulfilled the criteria for ART according to revised WHO ART treatment guidelines were enrolled in the ART program. All the children were ART naive and the ART regimen included the first-line Uganda MOH regimen; stavudine (d4T), lamivudine (3TC), and NVP were prescribed as a FDC Triomune (Cipla d4T 30 mg/40 mg, 3TC 150 mg, and NVP 200 mg). The dose was prescribed according to the children's weight using specific dosing weight bands as shown in Table 1. These dosing weight bands were developed before the 2006 WHO dosing weight bands.17 TABLE 1 After the protocol amendment, infants <10 kg were initiated on syrup formulations of the same antiretroviral drugs in the FDC. When the children's weight was equal to 10 kg they were switched to the FDC and dosed according to the study dosing weight bands. Tablets were precut using a pill cutter in the clinic pharmacy and dispensed to the patients in labeled plastic medicine containers. FDC tablets were dispensed as whole, half, or quarter but subsequently dispensing of quarter tablet was discontinued. In January 2007, in response to the NVP FDC pharmacokinetics study from Zambia and Malawi, the children on quarter tablet were switched to half tablet of the FDC.18 Plasma was stored for later NVP pharmacokinetics in a substudy of 20 children on the FDC. Those children who developed side effects in particular NVP skin rash were switched to Efavirenz or Abacavir, terminated from the study, and transferred to the ART program. None of the study children were switched to a second line treatment regimen during the 48 weeks of follow-up. Back to Top | Article Outline Laboratory Measurements All laboratory tests were performed in the MUJHU Research Collaboration laboratory in Kampala, Uganda. This laboratory conforms to US Clinical Laboratory Improvement Act of 1988 regulations for the assays used in this study and participated in proficiency testing programs for these assays. The MUJHU Core Lab is also a College of Pathologist certified laboratory. The CD4 cell counts and CD4 cell percentage were measured using a fluorescence-activated cell sorting instrument (Becton-Dickinson, San Jose, CA). Quantitative HIV-1 RNA PCR testing was done using the Roche HIV-1 Amplicor MONITOR assay v1.5 kit (Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) on plasma separated from whole blood and frozen at −70°C within 24 hours of collection. Back to Top | Article Outline Statistical Analysis Descriptive statistics are presented including means, standard deviations, medians, and interquartile ranges. Statistical comparisons of means and medians are based on the 2-sided evaluation of the Student t test and the Wilcoxon signed rank sum test. Proportions of different baseline characteristics of the children and P values are also provided. Weight and height z-scores of these children with respect to the British Growth-based Reference Population 1990 of children of similar age and sex were computed. The primary endpoint for this analysis is sustained achievement of viral load <400 copies/mL and the analyses presented with reference to this endpoint are Kaplan-Meier estimates of conditional probabilities of achieving the endpoint through 48 weeks after initiation of HAART. Differences between K-M curves are assessed for statistical significance using the log-rank test. In addition, Cox regression analyses adjusting for, and indicating the hazard associated with the various baseline characteristics measured are presented. Graphs indicating the average trends of major virologic and immunologic measures taken are illustrated means and 95% confidence interval bars. All P values are evaluated for statistical significance at the 0.05 2-sided alpha-significance level. All analyses were performed using STATA version 10.0 (STATA Corp, 2003, Stata Statistical Software, Release 8, College Station, TX; StataCorp LP). Back to Top | Article Outline RESULTS Characteristics of Study Population A total of 148 HIV-infected children were screened, and 92 fulfilled study inclusion criteria and were enrolled into the study. Five children did not have complete data for the analysis because 2 died, at 3 and 44 weeks after HAART initiation, and 3 developed a mild rash within the first 2 weeks of HAART initiation and were terminated from the study. Baseline demographic data were available for all 92 children but only 90 children had baseline HIV RNAs. Eighty-nine children (43 in cohort 1 and 46 in cohort 2) were included in the final analysis, having completed 48 weeks of antiretroviral therapy (Fig. 1). The median duration of follow-up for all children was 72 weeks (range 48-96 weeks) with the children enrolled at the beginning of the study, mainly from the nonexposed group, completing 96 weeks of follow-up (49/92.53%). However, for this analysis we only included time points up to 48 weeks where both cohorts had similar and complete data. Ninety-seven percent (89/92) of all study children completed the 48 weeks of follow-up on HAART. One of the children who died had data available up to 44 weeks when they were censored. FIGURE 1 The NVP-exposed cohort was significantly younger than the NVP-unexposed cohort (median 1.7 vs 7.8 years, P < 0.001, Table 2). At baseline, the NVP-exposed group had more advanced HIV disease (WHO stage III 54% vs 2%) than the non-NVP exposed cohort based on both virologic and clinical assessment (Table 2). However, as expected, the NVP-exposed group, which was younger, had higher baseline CD4 cell percents (14% vs 8.5%) compared with the relatively older NVP nonexposed group. The 2 groups were similarly severely stunted in terms of height z-scores and demonstrated moderate wasting at baseline. Other baseline demographic and laboratory characteristics are listed in Table 2. TABLE 2 Adherence to ART based on caretaker report and bottle returns was similar in the 2 cohorts (>95%), however, those children who initiated HAART on syrup formulations tended to have poorer adherence (80%) during the time on syrups (data not shown). Back to Top | Article Outline Antiretroviral Treatment Outcomes Virological Response At weeks 12, 24, and 48, the proportion of HIV-infected children with <400 copies/mL (virologic treatment success) in those children exposed to sd NVP was 61% (26/43), 81% (34/42), and 75% (33/44), respectively. In those children not exposed to sd NVP, virologic success occurred in 64% (29/45), 76% (34/45), and 80% (35/44), at the same time points (log-rank test P value = 0.8 through 48 weeks; Fig. 2). Despite the differences and variation in baseline viral load measurements between and within the 2 cohorts, the majority of children from both cohorts had a significant decline in HIV-1 RNA, reaching <400 copies/mL as early as 12 weeks after initiation of HAART. By 48 weeks after HAART initiation, over 75% of both cohorts had <400 copies/mL. The graphic representation of the average (geometric mean) virologic response of both cohorts of children over time is presented in Figure 3. At week 48, there were 20 children with detectable viral load, 11 in the exposed and 9 in the nonexposed cohorts. Four of these children had <2000 copies/mL, 7 children had >50,000 copies/mL. None of the study children required second line ART during the 48 weeks of follow-up. In multivariate analysis, none of the baseline factors including sd NVP exposure, viral load, CD4 percent, age, height-for-age z-score (HAZ), and weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), sex, and WHO stage had an effect on the outcome of virologic treatment success (viral load < 400 RNA copies/mL; Table 3). TABLE 3 FIGURE 2 FIGURE 3 Back to Top | Article Outline Immunological Response Compared with baseline, there was a significant and brisk increase in CD4 cell percent in both cohorts. The average trend of CD4 cell percent and absolute CD4 cell count response over 48 weeks for the 2 cohorts are presented in Figure 4A and 4B. In the NVP-exposed cohort, the mean baseline CD4 cell percent was 14% and there was a brisk and robust mean response in CD4 cell percent of 20 percentage points at week 48 on HAART. In the non-NVP exposed cohort, the mean baseline CD4 percent was 8% with a mean CD4 cell percentage increase of 19% percentage points at 48 weeks. When the average baseline CD4 cell percent response was categorized into <10%, 10%-15%, and >15%, the mean CD4 cell percent in the NVP-exposed children was 29.8% (7.4) in the <10% group and 34.8% (6.4) in the >15% category at week 48. In the non-NVP exposed cohort, who were older, the mean CD4 cell percent was 22% (7.4) in the <10% group and 33.2% (4.7) in the >15% category. FIGURE 4 Back to Top | Article Outline Adverse Events Three children required a change in antiretroviral regimen because of a mild skin rash. Because the study regimen was in a FDC, the children with a rash required replacement of study drug and therefore termination from the study. There were 2 deaths during the 48-week study follow-up but none were related to study ART. One child who was severely immunosuppressed at baseline (CD4 cell count 0.5%) and died 2 weeks after enrollment from severe pneumonia and the other death at 44 weeks was due to HIV nephropathy. Back to Top | Article Outline DISCUSSION The majority of HIV-infected women from developing countries still receive only sd NVP for PMTCT. WHO and national guidelines recommend combining NVP with other antiretroviral drugs to improve the effectiveness of the PMTCT ART intervention. In addition, NVP remains the most widely used NNRTI in first-line HAART regimens for children in sub-Saharan Africa.19 Therefore, it is critical to document the effectiveness of an NVP-based ART regimen in infants and children exposed to perinatal NVP. Our study documented a significant and robust response to an NVP-containing HAART regimen in children older than 6 months who were exposed and not exposed to sd NVP at birth. Over 70% of the children from both cohorts had <400 copies/mL after 48 weeks on HAART and the majority achieved <400 copies/mL by week 12. Using multivariate analysis, none of the baseline characteristics including sd NVP exposure, age, CD4 cell percent, sex, WHO clinical stage, and viral load were significantly associated with the virologic treatment success outcome. The high treatment success rate in this study is probably related to the intense counseling support, FDC antiretroviral therapy with subsequent high adherence rates. This virologic treatment success noted in our study is similar to the other early pediatric ART program in Mulago, Uganda, where virologic failure occurred in 26% of the children after 6 months of HAART.20 Our findings are consistent with previous adult data including women from the randomized Botswana MASHI ("milk") trial, where later initiation (beyond 6 months) of an NVP-containing HAART regimen did not have a significant impact on virologic response in NVP-exposed women when compared with those women who were not exposed.11,12 In addition, Chi et al report brisk and similar CD4 cell responses among 6740 Zambian women exposed and not exposed to sd NVP when they initiated an NVP-based HAART regimen greater than 6 months after sd NVP exposure.13 In contrast, although the numbers are quite small, 15 children from the MASHI trial who were exposed to sd NVP and then initiated an NVP-based HAART regimen within 6 months after birth, experienced extremely high virologic failure rates.11 This difference in virologic treatment success between our study and the children in the MASHI trial may be explained by the following: significantly younger age at time of HAART initiation (<6 months) when resistance mutations are still more likely to be observed, small numbers in the MASHI trial, and the different HIV subtypes. Subtype C found in southern Africa has been reported to have higher levels of NVP resistance mutations emerge after sd NVP exposure.8,21 Subtypes A and D are the predominant subtypes in Uganda and are the most likely subtypes in our study children.22 At the time of HAART initiation, all the study children in this Ugandan study were over 6 months of age, with 5 and 10 children between 6-12 months and 12-18 months of age, respectively. In the younger age category, 3 of the 5 children in the NVP-exposed cohort achieved virologic treatment success by week 48. The virologic failure noted in 2 infants may be related to the higher viral load at baseline, possible persistence of NVP resistance mutations, and the use of syrup formulations which may also contribute to less than optimum adherence.23 In the 12-18 months age group, 9 of the 12 children in the NVP-exposed cohort achieved virologic treatment success by the same time point and this is consistent with the fading of NVP-resistant mutations using standard genotypic testing technologies. One would have anticipated that children with a higher baseline viral load and previous exposure to sd NVP would have higher virologic failure rates, but the NVP-exposed children with a median viral load of 650,568 copies/mL compared with 239,027 copies/mL for the NVP-unexposed cohort also had a similarly robust virologic response. Emergence of resistant mutations, commonly K103 and Y181 in women and infants after sd NVP exposure, is well described.8-10 This is then followed by fading of these mutations over time, with reemergence of wild-type virus and may explain the limited impact of sd NVP exposure on virologic treatment success on those infants initiating ART after 6 months.9,24,25 Despite documentation that the NVP-resistant mutations fade with time, there is still concern that low levels of the mutations may remain archived and that, with longer exposure to NVP in a HAART regimen, there would be reemergence of the NVP-resistant mutations and subsequent virologic failure.9,25 In our study with 48 weeks of follow-up, there was no evidence of increasing virologic failure in the sd NVP-exposed cohort. One explanation for this finding was that there may be little archiving of resistant mutations which is consistent with a 12-month follow up virologic study by Flys et al.9 Alternatively, the virologic success noted in the NVP-exposed cohort could be explained by the short-term effectiveness of dual therapy, thereby contributing to initial virologic success in the first 48 weeks of therapy.26 The dual therapy would include d4T and 3TC because the NVP in the triple HAART regimen would be ineffective in the presence of NVP resistant mutations that could emerge after sd NVP exposure. However, with reemergence of resistant mutations after chronic exposure to NVP and waning effectiveness of dual therapy, one might then expect to see higher virologic failure rates in the exposed cohort. Because of fewer exposed children followed into the second year on therapy we could not disprove or prove this theoretical concern in our study. The immunological response of children from both cohorts was significant with the highest mean increase in CD4 cell percent occurring between baseline and week 12 (9.1 exposed and 6.8 nonexposed). This finding is consistent with other reports of children initiating ART in sub-Saharan Africa.20,27-29 The older children in the nonexposed cohort had a lower median baseline CD4 count (8% vs 14%) and their response to HAART peaked at a lower median level when compared with the younger children (27.8 vs 37.1). A slower and modest rise in CD4 cell count in severely immunocompromised children has been reported elsewhere.30 It is believed that younger children even though severely immunocompromised tend to have a brisk CD4 cell response due to an active thymus and the ability to rapidly generate new memory T cells.31 Similar to other reports, young children from our study with low CD4 cell percents had a brisk response to ART and at the 24-weeks time point the median CD4 cell percent was 18%.32 In those children over 6 years, the mean absolute CD4 cell count increased by >300 cells in the first 24 weeks of HAART regardless of cohort. Because Triomune is a FDC, inadequate serum drug levels of NVP when the tablet is broken in half have been reported.15 However, Puthanakit et al33 reported adequate drug levels of NVP when tablets were broken in half and dispensed to children in Thailand. The adult FDCs are not the most appropriate for children but where there are no pediatric formulations they provide a simple, cheaper, and feasible option for treating infected children in RLS. Currently, WHO has approved pediatric FDC, Pedimmune and pharmacokinetic data are available from Zambia.34 Therefore, there is an urgent need to increase access to pediatric FDCs so as to improve adherence and delivery of HAART for children in RLS. After the release of the Children with HIV Early Antiretroviral Therapy Response (CHER) data, where delaying initiation of HAART in infancy led to a high mortality, WHO recommends that all HIV-infected infants should initiate HAART regardless of CD4 cell percent.35 Therefore, a large proportion of children under 6 months of age are likely to initiate HAART using a protease inhibitor-based regimen, as recommended by WHO.36 Implementing the current WHO recommendations for universal antiretroviral therapy using a PI-based HAART regimen for all infected infants exposed to sd NVP at birth would eliminate the need for an NVP-containing HAART regimen in these children. However, many countries may not be able to rapidly scale-up use of PI-containing HAART regimens in all sd NVP-exposed infants because of the cost and limited appropriate drug formulations. Our study, however, suggests that successful treatment outcomes using an NNRTI-based HAART regimen may be achieved in sd NVP-exposed HIV-infected infants over 6 months of age, when PIs are not available or affordable. Limitations of this study are that the children in the 2 cohorts were not randomized to receive sd NVP and therefore the groups could have had baseline differences that may have affected the outcome. Furthermore, the cohorts were significantly different in age, baseline virologic and immunologic indices, and the older children particularly represent longer term survivors. However, this would have placed the NVP-exposed group at a higher risk of virologic failure. Our findings may not be generalizable to other infected children with different subtypes than the predominant ones in Uganda (A and D), because of the rates of selection and fading of resistant mutations to NVP which may vary by subtype. The strengths of this study include the longitudinal laboratory and clinical data with close monitoring and high rates of follow-up; with 3 monthly CD4 cell counts/percents and HIV-1 RNA measurements for 48 weeks while on HAART. In addition, the 2 cohorts were clearly distinct; the majority of children in the NVP-exposed group had documentation of sd NVP receipt; the majority of children in the nonexposed group were older (PMTCT program had not started) and therefore had not received sd NVP. These data present some of the first reports of the virologic response to an NNRTI regimen in a significant number of children exposed to sd NVP at birth. Back to Top | Article Outline CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that HIV-infected children exposed to sd NVP at birth can benefit from an NVP-containing HAART regimen if treatment is initiated more than 6 months after sd NVP exposure. Therefore, NVP-containing HAART regimens which are currently more widely available and affordable in resource-limited settings still have a vital role in the treatment of HIV-infected older infants and children in resource-limited settings. Back to Top | Article Outline ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors would like to thank the families and children who participated in the International leadership Award (ILA) study. Their commitment to this important study has advanced our knowledge and understanding of antiretroviral treatment for HIV-infected children from resource limited settings. This study could not have been done without the dedication of the ILA study staff based at MUJHU research collaboration and the support of the Elizabeth Glaser Pediatric AIDS Foundation through the ILA grant. We thank Dr Peter Mugyenyi (JCRC Kampala Uganda) and Prof. Mark Kline (Baylor College of Medicine) for providing consultation to the ILA program and study.Back to Top | Article Outline REFERENCES 1. UNAIDS/WHO 2008 Report on the Global AIDSEpidemic. 2008. Available at: www.unaids.org/en/HIV/data. Accessed September 27, 2008. Cited Here... 2. Newell ML, Patel D, Goetghebuer T, et al. CD4 cell response to antiretroviral therapy in children with vertically acquired HIV infection: is it associated with age at initiation? J Infect Dis. 2006;193:954-962. Cited Here... 3. Obimbo EM, Mbori-Ngachi DA, Ochieng JO, et al. Predictors of early mortality in a cohort of human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected African children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2004;23:536-543. Cited Here... 4. WHO. Towards Universal Access: Scaling Up Priority HIV/AIDS Interventions in the Health Sector. Progress Report 2008. Available at: http://www.who.int/hiv/pub/towards_universal_access_report_2008.pdf. Accessed 27 September 2008. Cited Here... 5. Guay LA, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet. 1999;354:795-802. Cited Here... 6. Jackson JB, Musoke P, Fleming T, et al. Intrapartum and neonatal single-dose nevirapine compared with zidovudine for prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 in Kampala, Uganda: 18-month follow-up of the HIVNET 012 randomised trial. Lancet. 2003;362:859-868. Cited Here... 7. Martinson, NA, Ekouevi DK, Dabis F, et al. Transmission rates in consecutive pregnancies exposed to single-dose nevirapine in Soweto, South Africa and Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:206-209. Cited Here... 8. Eshleman SH, Hoover DR, Chen S, et al. Resistance after single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis emerges in a high proportion of Malawian newborns. AIDS. 2005;19:2167-2169. Cited Here... 9. Flys TS, Donnell D, Mwatha A, et al. Persistence of K103N-containing HIV-1 variants after single-dose nevirapine for prevention of HIV-1 mother-to-child transmission. J Infect Dis. 2007;195:711-715. Cited Here... 10. Jackson JB, Becker-Pergola G, Guay LA, et al. Identification of the K103N resistance mutation in Ugandan women receiving nevirapine to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission. AIDS. 2000;14:F111-F115. Cited Here... 11. Lockman S, Shapiro RL, Smeaton LM, et al. Response to antiretroviral therapy after a single, peripartum dose of nevirapine. N Engl J Med. 2007;356:135-147. Cited Here... 12. Jourdain G, Ngo-Giang-Huong N, Le Coeur S, et al. Intrapartum exposure to nevirapine and subsequent maternal responses to nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:229-240. Cited Here... 13. Chi BH, Sinkala M, Stringer EM, et al. Early clinical and immune response to NNRTI-based antiretroviral therapy among women with prior exposure to single-dose nevirapine. AIDS. 2007;21:957-964. Cited Here... 14. WHO. Scaling Up Antiretroviral Therapy in Resource-Limited Settings: Guidelines for a Public Health Approach. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2002. Cited Here... 15. Barlow-Mosha L, Ajuna P, Luttajumwa M, et al. Early effectiveness of triomune in HIV infected children. Proceedings of theIAS Conference on HIV Pathogenesis, Treatment and Prevention, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, 24-27 July 2005. Abstract WeOa0103. Cited Here... 16. Katabira ET, Kamya MR, eds. National Antiretroviral Treatment and Care Guidelines for Adults and Children. Uganda: WHO, Republic of Uganda, Ministry of Health; 2003. Cited Here... 17. Antiretroviral Therapy of HIV Infection in Infant and Children in Resource-Limited Settings: Towards Universal Access. Recommendations for a Public Health Approach. World Health Organization; 2006. Cited Here... 18. Ellis JC, L'homme RF, Ewings FM, et al. Nevirapine concentrations in HIV-infected children treated with divided fixed-dose combination antiretroviral tablets in Malawi and Zambia. Antivir Ther. 2007;12:253-260. Cited Here... 19. Sutcliffe CG, van Dijk JH, Bolton C, et al. Effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy among HIV-infected children in sub-Saharan Africa [review]. Lancet Infect Dis. 2008;8477-8489. Cited Here... 20. Kamya MR, Mayanja-Kizza H, Kambugu A, et al. Predictors of long-term viral failure among Ugandan children and adults treated with antiretroviral therapy. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;46:187-193. Cited Here... 21. Flys TS, Chen S, Jones DC, et al. Quantitative analysis of HIV-1 variants with the K103N resistance mutation after single-dose nevirapine in women with HIV-1 subtypes A, C, and D. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2006;42:610-613. Cited Here... 22. Eshleman SH, Becker-Pergola G, Deseyve M, et al. Impact of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) subtype on women receiving single-dose nevirapine prophylaxis to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission (HIV network for prevention trials 012 study). J Infect Dis. 2001;184:914-917. Cited Here... 23. Nabukeera-Barungi N, Kalyesubula I, Kekitiinwa A, et al. Adherence to antiretroviral therapy in children attending Mulago Hospital, Kampala. Ann Trop Paediatr. 2007;27:123-131. Cited Here... 24. Eshleman SH, Guay LA, Mwatha A, et al. Comparison of nevirapine (NVP) resistance in Ugandan women 7 days vs. 6-8 weeks after single-dose NVP prophylaxis: HIVNET 012. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 2004;20:595-599. Cited Here... 25. Eshleman SH, Mracna M, Guay LA, et al. Selection and fading of resistance mutations in women and infants receiving nevirapine to prevent HIV-1 vertical transmission (HIVNET 012). AIDS. 2001;15:1951- 1957. Cited Here... 26. Romanelli RM, Pinto JA, Melo LJ, et al. Effectiveness of dual and triple antiretroviral therapy in the treatment of HIV-infected children. J Pediatr. 2006;82:260-265. Cited Here... 27. Bolton-Moore C, Mubiana-Mbewe M, Cantrell RA, et al. Clinical outcomes and CD4 cell response in children receiving antiretroviral therapy at primary health care facilities in Zambia. JAMA. 2007;298:1888- 1899. Cited Here... 28. Song R, Jelagat J, Dzombo D, et al. Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children in Kenya. Pediatrics. 2007;120:e856-e861. Cited Here... 29. Wamalwa DC, Farquhar C, Obimbo EM, et al. Early response to highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1-infected Kenyan children. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2007;45:311-317. Cited Here... 30. De Rossi A. Virological and immunological response to antiretroviral therapy in HIV-1 infected children: genotypic and phenotypic assays in monitoring virological failure. New Microbiol. 2004;27(2 Suppl 1):45-50. Cited Here... 31. Gibb DM, Newberry A, Klein N, et al. Immune repopulation after HAART in previously untreated HIV-1-infected children. Paediatric European Network for Treatment of AIDS (PENTA) Steering Committee. Lancet. 2000;355:1331-1312. Cited Here... 32. Walker AS, Doerholt K, Sharland M, et al. Response to highly active antiretroviral therapy varies with age: the UK and Ireland Collaborative HIV Paediatric Study. AIDS. 2004;18:1915- 1924. Cited Here... | PubMed 33. Puthanakit T, Oberdorfer A, Akarathum N, et al. Efficacy of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-infected children participating in Thailand's National Access to Antiretroviral Program. Clin Infect Dis. 2005;41:100-107. Cited Here... 34. L'Homme RF, Kabamba D, Ewings FM, et al. Nevirapine, stavudine and lamivudine pharmacokinetics in African children on paediatric fixed-dose combination tablets. AIDS. 2008;22:557-565. Cited Here... | PubMed 35. Report of theWHO Technical Reference Group, Paediatric HIV/ART Care Guideline Group Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2008. Cited Here... 36. Avy V, Cotton MF, Gibb DM, et al. Early antiretroviral therapy and mortality among HIV-infected infants. N Engl J Med. 2008;359:2233-2244. Cited Here... | PubMed Keywords:HIV; children; nevirapine exposure; antiretroviral treatment © 2009 Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Inc.


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A great article written by Alberto Cairo, Professor, School of Communication at the University of Miami originally posted by The Functional Art. A few words about the most recent addition to my list of recommended infographics and visualization resources: Its title is Disinformation Visualization: How to lie with datavis, and it was written by Mushon Zer-Aviv (Twitter.) You should read it as soon as you can. Quoting: "Our eyes are trained to process the visual environment… Read More
The Dangers of Bling Data Visualizations
Here is a great article by Michael O'Connell and Eric Novik (originally published on information management) that discusses how poor visualization techniques lead to loss of data, insight, and usability. Given the volume of information that's pouring into the enterprise from so many disparate sources, knowledge workers need to be able to visualize information in order to analyze it and extrapolate insights effectively. When business users can visualize information, they're… Read More
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Here is a great article by Noah Iliinsky (originally published on information week) Avoid common visualization mistakes. Here's advice on how to clarify goals and get better results. There has been a lot of talk about data visualization lately — almost as much as there has been about big data. We're told that visualization is the best way (or the only way) to understand data, and that if we're not… Read More
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This a great article by Tiffany Trader (originally published on HPC Wire) that addresses our concern that data visualization is being reduced to BI chart simplicity because of the limitations of BI tools and a lack of imagination and skill by visualization designers: Researchers from Harvard and MIT have teamed up to address an important question: what makes a data visualization memorable? The conventional opinion is that it's easy to… Read More
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