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I don't imagine my own contributions will amount to even a footnote in the history nerd music, but, be it a paragraph or a whole goddamn chapter, I can't help but believe that the artists and styles I touch on will be remembered by the more studious of future scholars.
And so I present to you what will one day be the equivalent of oldies radio (if an admittedly geeky strain), but is presently just another chapter in the continuing saga of nerdcore.
Download Radio Free Hipster Ep. 104: Easy Listening [hosting provided by Antisoc] Size: 44.3 MB Running Time: 48:23
Show Notes:
Intro: Baddd Spellah – "Radio Free Hipster Theme (feat. Beefy)"
The radio static motif in the theme song is particularly telling this time around.
Track 1: The Reborn Identity – "Rebel Stereo"
This song really helped me settle on the theme for this edition of the show.
Z's 1st interlude: "Not at all radio friendly."
Maybe one day mash-ups will be accepted as viable options for radio rotation. Though I'd imagine a more realistic future will see terrestrial radio dead and buried.
Track 2: mc chris – "NJ"
Part of me wants to believe that this track is Snipeyhead's ringtone.
Track 3: HDninja – "cKc"
While not necessarily slept on, I don't think HDninja get the attention they deserve.
Track 4: DJ Stroke – "The Girl at the Snowy Rock Show"
A good bootleg can combine a bunch of unremarkable source tracks into a musical juggernaut. Case in point.
Track 5: killsaly – "Final Fantasy 2 Overworld Map"
I haven't played any killsaly in a while, and I thought this one had a certain radio sensibility to it.
Track 6: Random and Lost Perception – "Aerith"
Though I'm not a huge fan of Final Fantasy VII, Ran's Black Materia is currently on repeat around my house.
Track 7: Skyway Flyer – "Peeking Through"
Once again I must give the nod to Matt for the phrase "post-WRock."
Track 8: Red Key Riot – "Hybrid Moments"
A solid cover of what is likely my favorite Misfits song.
Z's 2nd interlude: "A fine time to be alive."
And don't you forget it!
Track 9: Pete Miser – "Hit Me on My iPhone"
I think this was the first Miser track I ever heard. With the recent Verizon announcement it once again seemed relevant.
Track 10: Brandon Patton – "Rockets"
Brandon makes two kinds of songs – perfectly-metered pop nuggets and big ol' messy rock 'n' roll songs. This is the latter.
Track 11: Dale Chase – "Double Take"
Dale never ceases to amaze me. Interestingly enough, he is just as chill in person as he sounds on wax.
Track 12: The Consortium of Genius – "What a Friend We Have in Cthulhu"
The COG can pretty much nail any musical genre they set their sights on. Even gospel.
Track 13: Selfhelp – "Mooncat & the Girls (feat. Thesis Sahib, prod. by Middlesex Wrestling Team)"
Selfhelp is another one of those artists that continually surprises me. This song is a perfect example of both how and why.
Track 14: Molly Lewis – "Three is a Magic Number"
The only thing I like more than Schoolhouse Rock songs are Molly Lewis covers.
Z's final interlude: "I am certain that all will be revealed."
Well, was it?
Track 15: Jonathan Coulton – "When I'm 25 or 64"
There ain't no mash-up like a JoCo mash-up 'cause a JoCo mash-up don't stop.
Recently I realized that, while the intensity of my love for music hasn't waned as I've grown older, my understanding of it and perhaps even its unique importance in my life has shifted as I've aged. As a teen and, perhaps more tellingly, an early avid listener, music was about that necessary flavor of rebellion that marks the search for identity. Music and musicians represented quantifiable paradigms, easy go-to examples for who and what I wanted to be.
As an adult, however, music has become less an expression of want and more an expression of self. I see shades of myself in lyrics or a pleasant hint of personal familiarity in melody. Music genuinely helped to make me the man I am, and now I can truly enjoy it as a fully realized individual.
On one hand I begrudge the kids of today with their instant access to all the music I had to scavenge for as a youth, not to mention the multitude of listening opportunities the likes of which I couldn't even dream. But at the same time I can't help feel overjoyed at the thoughts of the odd and dejected kids of today using technology to find their own voice and to find each other.
We oldsters are from an age of analog and vinyl, walking dinosaurs made of cassette tapes and AM radios and scavenged concert tees. We are one step away from obsolesce, but the web will keep our bones well preserved for future generations.


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Why Choose Curves?
Not a fitness expert? Don't worry we will train you!
New Coaches participate in a fully comprehensive training program called the Onboarding Certification.
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Coach Stories
See why coaches love being a part of their local team!

subset: commoncrawl


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All the facilities to make your meeting a success
The Conference Centre opened its new state-of-the-art facilities in October 2015. Blending stunning contemporary architecture with the existing Grade II*- listed country house of Hinxton Hall, the purpose-built venue provides an energising space in an idyllic setting. It also provides a one-stop-shop for events, thanks to its on-site accommodation, restaurant and conference facilities.
- 300-seat Auditorium with all the latest audiovisual capabilities
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|Moist lookin' cupcakes.
I have been baking for a few years now and I have not really experimented much with vegan baking. But I think that will change. This is my second foray into vegan baking and it's fantastic. The taste is not compromised at all. I made these cupcakes for a coworker's birthday who is vegan. It is not easy finding vegan desserts in San Francisco particularly in the Financial District where I work. Sadly, we do not have a Babycakes bakery. So I wanted to make something myself and I feel like I say this a lot, but this was really, really easy to make.
|Vegan and delicious!
I used a mixture of peanut butter, powdered sugar and water for the frosting but these were good plain too. These cupcakes fooled many who did not know they were vegan! If you make these, I bet vegan baked goods will get less of a bad rep. Try it!
Vegan Chocolate Cupcakes
Recipe adapted from allrecipes
Makes 12 cupcakes
- 1 cup all-purpose flour
- 1/2 cup almond flour
- 3/4 cup sugar
- 1/4 cup dark brown sugar
- 1/2 cup cocoa powder
- 1 tsp baking powder
- 1/2 tsp salt
- 1/2 cup diced cooked apples (one medium apple sautéed in water and brown sugar until tender)
- 1 tsp vanilla extract
- 1 tsp white vinegar
- 1 cup water
*Preheat oven to 350 degrees F. Line a muffin tin with paper or foil liners.
*In a medium bowl, combine dry ingredients with a whisk.
*Add in wet ingredients and mix until just combined.
*Using a big spoon, fill the muffin tins evenly with batter – about 3/4 full.
*Bake for 30 – 35 minutes, rotating the tin halfway through.
Note: I used almond flour to make it more nutritious and to add a slight nutty flavor. Though please feel free to stick to the original recipe and use 1 1/2 cup of AP flour instead. I also like to use sautéed diced apples in my recipes when it calls for oil or applesauce. I think it makes a huge difference. I cooked the diced apples on low-medium heat in about 4 tablespoons of water and 1/2 tablespoon of brown sugar until the liquid dissolves and the apples are tender and a bit on the mushy side, about 5-6 minutes. Feel free to modify this as well.


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Individualized Instruction
At Mason Run, individualized instruction is at the core of our approach. Our learning software, APEX, allows students to be self-paced. In addition, teachers supply supplemental lessons, one-on-one assistance, and set daily instructional goals for each student.
We recognize each student is unique and has their own preferences, styles, and strengths when it comes to learning. Individualized instruction is one of the foundational interventions for academic achievement across all subject areas.


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TGC Arizona Chapter: God Loves You
April 27, 2018 - April 28, 2018
Location: Church on Mill, First Southern Baptist Church of Tempe, South Mill Avenue, Tempe, AZ, USA
Coordinator: Stephen Anderson
Email: [email protected]Register Here
God created humans with the capacity and desire both to love and be loved. We reflect God in this way as creatures made in his image and after his likeness. Yet due to sin, something as seemingly simple as love has become quite complicated in our broken world. Both practically and doctrinally we know that our hearts can ask some difficult questions about God's love and our love. Does God love me? How do I know I love God? Does God love everyone? Does he love everyone in the same way? How do I love those who don't love God?
Join us on Friday-Saturday, April 26th-27th for God Loves You as D. A. Carson, Thabiti Anyabwile, and Vermon Pierre help us consider the difficult doctrine of the love of God.
Don Carson
D.A. Carson is a New Testament scholar and is currently Research Professor of New Testament at Trinity Evangelical Divinity School in Deerfield, Illinois. Carson is a respected exegete and has written or edited more than forty-five books, including commentaries on books of the Bible, the Sermon on the Mount, the Gospel of John, and The Difficult Doctrine Of The Love Of God. Dr. Carson is the President of the Gospel Coalition.
Thabiti Anyabwile
Thabiti Anyabwile is one of the pastors for Anacostia River Church in Washington, D.C. After a few years as a practicing Muslim, Thabiti was converted under the preaching of the gospel in the Washington DC area. Thabiti is the author of several books, including The Gospel for Muslims and What Is a Healthy Church Member? He blogs regularly at The Front Porch and Pure Church.
Vermon Pierre
Vermon Pierre (MDiv, Trinity Evangelical Divinity School) is the lead pastor for preaching and mission at Roosevelt Community Church in Phoenix, Arizona, and a Council member of The Gospel Coalition. He is the author of Gospel Shaped Living. He and his wife, Dennae, have four children.


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John Rex Endowment
712 W. North Street
Raleigh, NC 27603
The John Rex Endowment offices are located near the intersection of Peace Street and St. Marys Street.
We are conveniently located within walking distance of the Glenwood South neighborhood. Parking is available both on the street and in our parking lot behind the office.


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We are a newer company that found a passion with paintball. We have been providing high quality low cost O-rings for a couple of years now. We always try to make the customer happy and are more than willing to keep our prices down to pass that savings on to you!
If you have any questions, please contact us.
Also...If you suggest a new kit, and let us know what the kit contains or send in your damaged o-rings so we can build the kit, then we will send you 4 free rebuilds just for doing the leg work for us! That simple, no catches!*
*This applies only to kits that we have not already researched. We have lots of research done and are simply trying to get the kits put together to list in the store. So before sending us your o-rings or the contents of a kit, please ask us if we have it researched already. Thanks.


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November 18, 2018, 3:08 pm
Christian Villere is joined by Sacramento Kings Beat Blogger for Hoop Ball, Jon Schifferle.
The fellas hit on what is giving the Kings trouble in the half-court offense, and what they want to see more of from De'Aaron Fox. Then they hit on the report from Yahoo! Sports last night.
Go get yourself a copy/subscription at the HOOP BALL DRAFT GUIDE PURCHASE PAGE
Follow @MyBuddyChris on Twitter
Follow @JonSchifferle on Twitter
Bookmark Hoop-Ball.com and follow @HoopBallTweets for round-the-clock updates – and check out @HoopBallKings for all Kings-related news.
Fantasy News
November 12, 2019, 11:49 amJames JohnsonPF, Miami Heat
Speaking to reporters this morning, Erik Spoelstra said that James Johnson is questionable to face the Pistons tonight, due to an illness.
In addition, Kelly Olynyk and Tyler Herro also remain questionable. Meyers Leonard and Bam Adebayo should be busy in case Olynyk and JJ remain sidelined, while the Heat will also be without Derrick Jones Jr. who is dealing with a hip issue.
Source: Anthony Chiang on Twitter
November 12, 2019, 11:36 amZach CollinsC, Portland Trail Blazers
Zach Collins thinks he'll be able to return this season despite undergoing left shoulder surgery last week.
Collins will soon begin treatment and a long rehabilitation process, while he is expected to be re-evaluated in approximately four months. There is clearly no need to stash him in redraft leagues and the Blazers will continue to rely on Anthony Tolliver, Mario Hezonja and Skal Labissiere.
Source: Casey Holdahl on Twitter
November 12, 2019, 11:27 amIgnas BrazdeikisPF, New York Knicks
The Knicks announced this morning that they have recalled rookie Ignas Brazdeikis from their G League affiliate.
Nothing to see here. Brazdeikis hasn't had a chance to enter the Knicks' rotation so far but he is someone to keep an eye as the season progresses.
Source: Knicks PR on Twitter
November 12, 2019, 10:17 amCollin SextonPG, Cleveland Cavaliers
Cavs coach John Beilein wants Collin Sexton to understand how being used off the ball can be beneficial to him and by giving the sophomore more opportunities to score, as opposed to running the offense, the results have been encouraging.
Through nine games, Sexton is averaging 18.8 points on 44.3 percent shooting from the field and 42.2 percent from 3-point range, numbers that have gone up from last season. With rookie Darius Garland running the point, Sexton is providing an explosive scoring punch and developing into more of a combo guard. The lack of steals and the low assists contribute to him being a borderline top-150 asset for the year and he should be viewed as more of a scoring specialist right now.
Source: Cleveland.com
November 12, 2019, 10:02 amDennis Smith Jr.PG, New York Knicks
Dennis Smith Jr., who has missed seven straight games after the death of his stepmother, could get back on the court against the Bulls on Tuesday.
DSJ practiced on Monday for the first time since he left the team to be with his family in North Carolina two weeks ago. He has been working out on his own during his leave, but he said on Sunday that nothing could obviously simulate real games and practices. Frank Ntilikina has played well as the starting point guard and it appears to be his job to lose, but Smith can be helpful for the struggling Knicks that could use any help right now.
Source: NY Post
November 12, 2019, 9:32 amKristaps PorzingisPF-C, Dallas Mavericks
After a 1-of-11 shooting night when he had more fouls (five) than points (four), Kristaps Porzingis was fine getting benched at the end of game.
KP has struggled to find his form to start the season, something that shouldn't be a surprise for a guy who went 19 months without playing competitive basketball following his torn ACL. He is averaging 18.3 points and 7.9 rebounds per game but is shooting just 40.1 percent overall and 37.5 percent from behind the 3-point line. This is still good for top-75 value in standard leagues and Porzingis looks to be a nice bounce-back candidate as long as he can remain healthy.
Source: ESPN
November 12, 2019, 8:37 amLuke KennardSG, Detroit Pistons
Luke Kennard kept it rolling in a loss to the Wolves on Monday, scoring 25 points (8-for-17 FGs, 5-for-5 FTs) and adding seven rebounds, two assists, one steal and four treys in 40 minutes.
Kennard has now scored at least 24 points in four of his last five games. Some of that success can be attributed to Blake Griffin, Derrick Rose and Reggie Jackson missing the first four of those games. But this Griffin and Rose were back for this game, so it's nice to see Kennard keep it up. He probably won't continue to put up sixth-round value as the Pistons get healthier, but he's certainly worth keeping around.
November 12, 2019, 8:27 amLandry ShametSG, Los Angeles Clippers
Chris Haynes of Yahoo! Sports is reporting that Clippers guard Landry Shamet will undergo an MRI on his sprained left ankle on Tuesday morning in order to determine the severity of his injury.
Shamet left the game on Monday after suffering the non-contact injury. It didn't look good and it's safe to assume that he will miss some time, so managers should prepare accordingly. The Clippers expect to get Paul George back as soon as this week and his return will help cover for Shamet's potential loss. In the meantime, Rodney McGruger, Terrence Mann and Jerome Robinson will get the extra minutes but no one deserves serious consideration unless in deeper leagues.
Source: Chris Haynes on Twitter
November 12, 2019, 1:40 amLou WilliamsSG, Los Angeles Clippers
Lou Williams kept his foot on the gast with 21 points on 7-of-15 shooting to go with four rebounds, four assists, a steal and two triples against the Raptors on Monday.
Williams played 36 minutes and was struggling to start this one, but finished strong. He's still a prime sell-high guy, especially with Paul George (shoulder) returning this week.
November 12, 2019, 1:40 amKawhi LeonardSF, Los Angeles Clippers
Kawhi Leonard couldn't get his shot to fall in Monday's 98-88 win over the Raptors, scoring 12 points on 2-of-11 shooting while adding 11 rebounds, nine assists and three blocks.
Leonard went 0-for-4 from deep and didn't make his second field goal until midway into the fourth quarter. The Raptors sent traps and doubles at Leonard all night and he made the right play, passing out to open teammates which is how he was so close to a triple-double. Leonard has evolved as a playmaker and is evidenced by him averaging a career-high 5.4 assists this season.


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- Archives, Court Records and Sources of Original Documents
- Official Records and Reports, Other Sources of Data and Historical Documents
- Previous Publications Using Cases from the Chicago Police Files
- Contemporaneous Accounts and Early Academic Studies
- Special Topics, Monographs, other Academic Sources and Historical Accounts
- Special Topics: Blacks in Chicago
- Newspapers and the Press
- The Police
- Other
- Accounts of Organized Crime and Al Capone
Archives, Court Records and Sources of Original Documents
- Administrative Office of the Illinois Courts, "A Short History of the Illinois Judicial Systems," [Administrative Office of Illinois Courts, 1968, reprinted, 1990] Ch. V describes the structure of the Illinois courts under the constitution of 1870, including several illustrative graphs showing lines of appellate authority. As a spur to the Judicial Article of 1964, which was the first system wide reform after 1870, the Cook County criminal justice system was described as follows:
"In 1962, Cook County had 208 courts; the Circuit Court, the Superior Court, the Family Court, Criminal Court, Probate Court, County Court, Municipal Court of Chicago, 23 city, village, town and municipal courts, 75 Justice of the Peace Courts, and 103 police magistrate courts. Many of those courts had overlapping jurisdiction which increased the already great organizational problems. Perhaps more serious was the fact that there was no administrative authority to unify, co-ordinate and supervise them." (P. 19)
Juvenile Cases, 1899 –1926 (with gaps), Cook County Circuit Court Archives, Richard J. Daley Center, Chicago, Illinois. There are approximately 2,700 extant case files from the court's founding in 1899 until 1926, but it is not known why these select records were preserved. Every child who entered the juvenile court system was assigned a permanent case number and all his or her subsequent legal papers were filed under this number. The case files are closed and researchers must receive written permission from the presiding Chief Judge of the Cook County Juvenile Court in order to use them.
Illinois State Archives, Norton Building, Capital Complex, Springfield Il. 62756, tel: (217) 782 4582, fax: (217) 524-3930. The records in the Illinois State Archives includes birth and death certificates, Cook County Coroner's Inquest Record Index, 1872-1911, Supreme Court Reports, and many other official reports, legal records and data sources, including a microfilm copy of the original handwritten records of this data set, and many other rich historical resources.
Chicago History Museum 1601 N. Clark St. Chicago, IL 60614 Phone(312) 642-4600 Fax (312) 266-2077
Chicago Public Library 400 S. State St. Chicago, IL 60605 Phone–Archives Dept. (312) 747-1941 Special Collections Dept.(312) 747-4740 Fax (312) 747-4077 Assistant Curator for Archives Glenn Humphreys Special Collections Division Chief Sophia Jordan
Newberry Library 60 W. Walton St. Chicago, IL 60610 Phone (312) 943-9090 Curator: Robert Karrow
University Of Chicago Library Special Collections Research Center 1100 East 57th St. Chicago, IL 60637 Phone (773) 702-8705 Fax (312) 702-3728 Director, Special Collections: Alice Schreyer
Cook County Coroner's Inquest Records 1872- 1911, Illinois Regional Archives Depository Northeastern Illinois University, Chicago, Illinois. These public records, which contain the verdict of the coroner's jury, the names of the jurors, the witnesses' names and occupations, are available on microfilm at the depository. The records are indexed by the name of the deceased and date of death. The Illinois Regional Archives Depository lists the available corner's records as: Coroner's Inquest Records 1872-1911, 52 reels of microfilm: "Records shows the date and location of the coroner's inquest; the name, residence, and occupation of the deceased; the names of the jurors; the names, residences, and occupations of the witnesses; the testimony of the witnesses about the circumstances of the death; a description of the deceased; the jury's verdict on the cause of death; and acknowledgment by the coroner."
Northwestern University Archives and Special Collections 110 Deering Library, Evanston, Il 60208-2350, 847-491-3354, Patrick M. Quinn, University Archivist. These archives contain the voluminous papers of John Henry Wigmore (1863-1943), Dean of the Northwestern University School of Law, and one of the founders of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, and the Editor of the 1929 Illinois Crime Survey. The papers of Dr. Harold S. Hulbert (1887-1949) a forensic pathologist who did a great deal of work with the criminal and juvenile courts and was associated with Northwestern University, are also in the Archives. Transcripts of original reports, photographs and other documents from the 1924 Leopold and Loeb case are in the Northwestern University Archives. And see: A Guide to Holdings Relating to Northwestern University Scientific Crime Detection Laboratory.
Illinois State Library 300 S. 2d Street, Springfield, Il. 62701-1786, (217) 785 - 5600; TDD (1-800-665-5576). The Illinois State Library is a regional federal depository and has an extensive collection of federal documents in addition to extensive documents and publications on Illinois history and laws. All state agencies are required to deposit publications with the Illinois State Library. The Illinois State Library also has an extensive collection of maps and geographical books and journals, gazetteers and atlases, reference books and carto-bibliographies.
The Center for Research Libraries (CRL), founded in 1949, is an international, not for profit consortium of colleges, universities and libraries that makes available scholarly research resources to users everywhere to foster and advance scholarly inquiry and to provide reliable access to unique and unusual collections of library materials.
American Judicature Society. A nonpartisan organization with a national membership of judges, lawyers, and non-legally trained citizens interested in the administration of justice. Founded in 1913 the Society played an important role in a number of the reform movements after World War I. Their libraries and publications include valuable resources for the history of this period. American Judicature Society, 180 N. Michigan Ave. Suit 600, Chicago, Il. 60601, ph: (312) 558-6900, fax: 312-558-9175.
Chicago Crime Commission. A non-partisan, not for profit organization founded in 1919 by 35 members of the Chicago business community is the oldest citizen's crime commission in the nation. It is a volunteer organization, not affiliated with any agency of government, whose purpose is to educate the public. Chicago Crime Commission, 79 W. Monroe, Suite 605, Chicago, Il. 60603 ph 312-372-0101; fax: 312-372-6286.
Official Records and Reports, Other Sources of Data and Historical Documents
The Chicago City Council and a series of special state and city Commissions and Committees issued Reports on various aspects of crime during the period. A partial list of these reports includes:
Chicago Police Investigations: Three Reports, including the Chicago Civil Service Commission, Final Report: Civil Service Commission, City of Chicago, Police Investigation, 1911-1912, [An Inquiry conducted by authority of His Honor, Carter H. Harrison, Mayor, Sept. 5, 1911, to March 7, 1912]. Details of Vice Investigation – Departmental Analyses – Reorganization Plan – Conclusion and Recommendations. reprinted with two other official police investigations, Arno Press, Inc. The other reports included in this volume are: Committee of Investigation, Senate Report on the Chicago Police System 1898; and Alexander R. Piper, Report of an Investigation of the Discipline and Administration of the Police Department of the City of Chicago, 1904. In addition to details of the investigations, of which the 1911 investigation is most complete, these reports include contemporaneous descriptions of the bureaucratic and administrative structure of the Chicago Police, and some information on the education and training requirements for officers.
The Social Evil in Chicago, A Study of Existing Conditions with recommendations by The Vice Commission of Chicago, A Municipal Body Appointed by the Mayor of the City Council of the City of Chicago and Submitted as its Report to the Mayor and City Council of Chicago, Chicago, Gunthorp-Warren Printing Co. 1911; 400 pp, Primarily addressing illegal brothels, saloons and the economics and sociology of prostitution in the Levee district, this Report including Tables, interviews, reprints the relevant law, and includes details on the business of prostitution and the lives of the people in it. [See publications.]
The Report of the City Council Committee on Crime of the City of Chicago, Alderman Charles E. Merriam, Chairman, March 22, 1915, Press of H.G. Adair, Chicago (1915), pp 196, including bibliography and extensive statistical compilations.[see publications.]
The 1929 Illinois Crime Survey, Edited by John H. Wigmore. Chicago: Illinois Association for Criminal Justice, 1929. The 1929 Report was issued by the Illinois Association for Criminal Justice in cooperation with The Chicago Crime Commission, Editor John H. Wigmore, Director, Arthur V. Lashly, (1929). This 1100 page study of various aspects of crime, organized crime, and criminal justice institutions, conducted by several different authors, is the most authoritative and comprehensive source on crime, organized crime, and criminal justice institutions in Chicago and also the most sophisticated study of crime and criminal justice institutions for its time. 1929 Illinois Crime Survey includes Ch. VIII, August Vollmer, The Police in Chicago pp. 357- 376; Chapter XIII, Arthur Lashly, Homicide (in Cook County)pp. 593-639; and Part III, John Landesco, Organized Crime in Chicago, pp. 815 - 1090, with Summary and Recommendations by E.W. Burgess. Note: Part III of the 1929 Illinois Crime Survey was reprinted in 1968 with a new introduction by Mark H. Haller, as John Landesco, Organized Crime in Chicago, U. Chicago Press, Chicago (1968).
Landesco, John, "Organized Crime in Crime," was originally published as Part III of The 1929 Illinois Crime Survey, and then republished separately in 1968, with a new Introduction by Mark Haller. U. Chicago Press, Chicago 1968. This portion of the Illinois Crime Survey combined qualitative information drawn largely from local newspapers with quantitative data culled from police and court records and is a detailed, perceptive sociological study of the history, causes, practices, and impact of organized crime in Chicago.
Skogan, Wesley G. Chicago Since 1840: A Time-Series Data Handbook. Urbana: Institute of Government and Public Affairs of the University of Illinois, 1976. Mainly a collection of tables and quantitative data, this book is a treasure trove of information on the political, economic, and institutional development of the city. This data set is available on line through the University of Michigan Survey Research Center and is included in the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, Vol. 92, No.s 3⁄4.
The Negro in Chicago. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1922. Compiled in the aftermath of the 1919 race riot, this Report includes a detailed description of demographics and a history of race relations in the city, and an analysis of the conditions encountered by blacks in Chicago.
Herbert Hoover's National Commission on Law Observance and Enforcement, Report on the Enforcement of the Prohibition Laws of the United States, Summary and 5 vols. 71st. Congress, 3rd Sess. H.D. 722, also referred to as The Wickersham Report.
Hon. George Fiedler, The Illinois Law Courts in Three Centuries, 1673-1973, A Documentary History, Physicians Record Co. Berwyn, Ill., 1973.
Block, Carolyn Rebecca, Olson, Davie E., and Mata, Anthony J. Guide to Illinois Firearm Data, revised edition. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 1992. This resource contains a great deal of information on current data (and sources) on firearms-related information in Illinois, including Chicago, as well as information on other cities. Information for the city of Chicago includes key elements of registration and permit procedures, as well as information on confiscation of weapons.
Report of the Department of Health of the City of Chicago for the Years 1926 to 1930, Inclusive. Chicago: City of Chicago, 1931. This report contains a wealth of longitudinal data on violence and related public health topics.
Solenberger, Alice Willard. One Thousand Homeless Men – A Study of Original Records. New York: New York Survey Associates, Russell Sage Foundation, 1911. This book includes narratives of interviews and statistics. Its subject is 'those men of the homeless class who lived in cheap lodging houses in the loop who were applicants for public aid during the years 1900-1903.' [Introductory, p. 3-4.]
The classification of subjects into four groups illustrates contemporary attitudes and economic realities: The study groups these men into these classes: self-supporting; temporarily dependent [runaway boys; strangers who lack city references, men who have been robbed, victims of accidents or illness; the addicted, misfits, etc.]; chronically dependent,[the crippled, deformed, aged, feeble-minded, insane…]; parasitic, [confirmed wanderers or tramps, criminals, impostors…] Introductory, p.10.
"All large cities and some small ones in these days have cheap lodging houses in which men may secure a night's lodging at a cost from ten to twenty-five cents. With the exception of Greater New York, the city of Chicago has a greater number of such houses than any other city in the United States…. In normal times men of this class who come to Chicago need not long remain unemployed if they wish work. One season trade may soon by fitted into another. The period between the closing of navigation in the autumn and the beginning of work in the lumber camps is not long. In February the ice-cutting season opens and this furnishes employment to thousands of men at a time of year when in many other cities work for unskilled laborers is especially scarce…. During the course of the ordinary winter there are numerous heavy snowfalls, and the removal of snow from downtown streets affords temporary employment for hundreds." Introductory, p. 6-8.
1911- present: Journal of the American Institute of Criminal Law and Criminology, subsequently the Journal of Criminal Law Criminology and Police Science, and now the Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology, began publication in 1911 and contains many articles on crime, criminal law, police administration and criminal justice issues.
Historical Statistics of the United States: Two Centuries of the Census, 1780-1990. Compiled by Donald D. Dodd, Greenwood Press, Westport Conn. 1993.
Ernest W. Burgess and Charles Newcomb, Census Data of the City of Chicago, 1920. Includes otherwise unpublished data.
Previous Publications Using Cases from the Chicago Police Files
Adler, Jeffrey S. "'If We Can't Live in Peace, We Might As Well Die': Homicide-Suicide in Chicago, 1875-1910." Journal of Urban History 26 (November 1999): 3-21. This essay uses the Chicago police homicide logs and other sources, to chart and to analyze a surge in homicide-suicide in Chicago between 1875 and 1910.
Adler, Jeffrey S. "'The Negro Would Be More Than An Angel to Withstand Such Treatment': African-American Homicide in Chicago, 1875-1910." In Lethal Imagination: Violence and Brutality in American History. Edited by Michael A. Bellesiles. New York: New York University Press, 1999. Pp. 295-314. Drawing from the Chicago police homicide log and other sources, this essay explores the ways in which the Great Migration affected patterns of lethal violence among black Chicagoans.
Adler, Jeffrey S. "'Halting the Slaughter of the Innocents': The Civilizing Process and the Surge in Violence in Turn-of-the-Century Chicago." Social Science History 25 (Spring 2001): 29-52. Relying on the Chicago police log, as well as a broad range of legal and institutional records, this essay explores the changing social and legal construction of "homicide" in early twentieth-century Chicago.
Contemporaneous Accounts and Early Academic Studies
Stead, William T. If Christ Came to Chicago -A Plea for the Union of All Who Love in the Service of All Who Suffer. Original publication, Laird and Lee, Publishers, Chicago 1894, reprinted Chicago Historical Bookworks, Evanston, Il. 1990. William T. Stead was a very well known, reform minded British minister and journalist, in the Progressive tradition, who first came to Chicago in 1893 for the World's Columbia Exposition and then returned in the depression of 1893, and stayed to study the city, its government, its laws and their enforcement, its vice districts, its rich and its destitute. Despite his evangelical purpose, to show that if Christ came to Chicago he would find little of the Christian spirit, the book is neither preachy nor highly rhetorical. Stead's descriptions of places, and transcriptions of meetings with real historical figures, and the poor and rich of the city in their habitats capture that world and time period. Descriptions include: the various mechanics of vote fraud and vote buying; tax dodging, corruption on the city council, police enforcement and its absence, the economics of and working conditions in the Levee district, the saloon-alderman and those political and economic incentives, and life of tramps, the imprisoned, and the abandoned. All walk through these pages, speaking with their own individual voices.
Abbott, Edith. The Tenements of Chicago, 1908 -1935. Chicago: U. Chicago Press, 1936.
Addams, Jane. Twenty Years at Hull-House. New York: Macmillan Press, 1910. The classic, first person account by the visionary leader and public figure behind Chicago's first public welfare institution, the Settlement House.
Judge M.L. McKinley, Chief Justice of the Criminal Court of Cook County, 1922-1923, "Crime and the Civic Cancer – Graft," Reprinted from the Chicago Daily News (1923).
Steffens, Lincoln. The Shame of the Cities (1902-3). New York: Sagamore Press Inc. 1957. This volume reprints a series of 'muckraking' articles about city corruption. Chapter 5 takes Chicago as it subject. An interesting example of contemporaneous journalism, although from the present perspective the absence of sources and documentation is a serious omission. Formerly published as a series of articles in McClure's Magazine in 1902 and 1903.
Reckless, Walter C. Vice in Chicago. Chicago: U. Chicago Press, 1933. Beginning as a Ph. D. thesis and subsequently published in the University of Chicago Sociological Series, edited by Ellsworth Faris, Robert E. Park, and Ernest W. Burgess. This is a well written, sociological study, with extensive demographic, public health and economic data on aspects of vice in the notorious vice districts of Chicago. Topics include: the changing demographics of the business of prostitution; organized crime involvement and control of vice; exposes of government graft allowing and supporting organized crime involvement; fraudulent voting practices which perpetuated organized crime control of government offices; police protection of and involvement in the business; and the periodic enforcement by city and state officials in response to pressure from citizen's groups. 'Vice' is principally prostitution, but also includes the distribution of alcohol, especially during Prohibition, and other illegal activities in the segregated districts of Chicago. The pattern was of intermittent enforcement of the laws prohibiting vice, after the dramatic closing of the vice district in 1912 in response to public outcry. A comprehensive, serious study with a wealth of demographic and court data, an exhaustive review of prior reports and commissions, including official data primarily on the post World War I period, but in some categories going back to the early part of the century.
Barnard, Harry. "Eagle Forgotten" - The Life of John Peter Altgeld. New York: Bobbs-Merrill Co., 1938 (496 pp.). An extensive biography, with bibliography, of the Governor of Illinois and some time law partner of Clarence Darrow. His public life encompassed many historic and important episodes in the history of Chicago. His pardoning of some of the anarchists from the Haymarket trial caused a national political firestorm. The account of his itinerant childhood as a day farm laborer and his subsequent rise in politics is a rich and fulsome narrative of the life of the times. This is a political history of the city and the state, as well as a chronicle of the life of an especially interesting and atypical Governor, lawyer and public figure.
Frederick Thrasher, The Gang, Chicago. U. Chicago Press, 1927. Another in the series of University of Chicago sociological studies. The author identifies three places of gang activity: the North side 'jungles,'the West Side 'wilderness,' and the South side 'badlands.'
The social reform movements, and advocates for and against prohibition, and religious proselytizers produced a variety of hortatory literature often including statements attributed to public figures of the day. For their language, diction, and allegations of unverifiable facts, these books and pamphlets offer, if nothing else, a vernacular time capsule of public speech, and occasional glimpses into the life and conditions of the day.
Grant Eugene Stevens, Wicked City, Chicago, 1906, published by G.E. Stevens, 1906 is an example. This is an odd combination of novel, puzzle, mystery story, and commentary upon the Wicked City Redeemed, including some contemporary illustrations and photographs. The structure of the book is to collect and solicit opinions and pronouncements from a variety of public figures and fictional persons as to whether Chicago is a 'wicked city.' Much attention paid to drinking, gambling and the white slave trade.
Special Topics, Monographs, other Academic Sources and Historical Accounts
Solomon, Rayman L. History of the Seventh Circuit, 1891-1941. Published under the auspices of the Bicentennial Committee of the Judicial Conference of the United States.
Miller, Donald L. City of the Century. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. A detailed and historically rich account of Chicago covering part of this period.
Spinney, Robert G. City of Big Shoulders. DeKalb, IL: Northern Illinois University Press, 2000. A glossy, introductory overview of Chicago history.
Cohen, Lizabeth. Making a New Deal: Industrial Workers in Chicago, 1919-1939. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press, 1990. This work documents the difficulties and successes of industrial workers (immigrants and racial minorities) to form a union in Chicago before and leading up to the New Deal. It also describes how mass culture permeated the lives of these workers and forged cohesive bonds across race and ethnic lines.
Barrett, James R. Work and Community in the Jungle: Chicago's Packinghouse Workers –1894 – 1922. Champaign: U. Illinois Press, 1987. A stury of these workers, their political and social identifications, and the long, bitter and brutal battles for unionization.
Bulmer, Martin. The Chicago School of Sociology – Institutionalism, Diversity, and the Rise of Sociological Research. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1984. A history of the development of Sociology at the University of Chicago, primarily in the 1920's. Ch.4 discusses "The Polish Peasant in Europe and America: A Landmark of Empirical Sociology." In 1907 Chicago had a population which included 360,000 Poles. Ch. 5 Sociology, the Social Survey Movement and The Negro in Chicago [Report of the Chicago Commission on Race Relations, 1922].
Cronon, William. Nature's Metropolis: Chicago and the Great West. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 1991. Classic study of the creation of markets and the economic development of Chicago.
Duis, Perry R. Challenging Chicago. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1998. An accessible, well written and documented book that chronicles the everyday life in Chicago during the late 1800's and early 1900's.
Duis, Perry R. The Saloon - Public Drinking in Chicago and Boston, 1880-1920. Champaign: U. Illinois Press, 1983 (repr. 1999). A unusual and especially relevant history of public drinking and its legal regulation, comparing Chicago and Boston. Very useful in counteracting stereotypes and misinformation about the surprisingly different saloon culture, and its connection to political life, in the two cities. Topics include: the official regulation of alcohol, the criminal prosecution or non-prosecution for alcohol related offenses, the temperance movement, the economic constraints operating on the saloon keeper, the industry protective associations, ethnic and racial patterns associated with public drinking, saloons and immigration patterns, the enormous profits from the sale of alcohol and where they went, and the importance of saloons in political campaign and ward politics in Chicago. Includes contemporary photographs and illustrations.
Lewis, Arnold. An Early Encounter with Tomorrow–Europeans, Chicago's Loop, and the World's Columbian Exposition. Champaign: U. of Illinois Press, 1997. The focus is architecture, and this volume addresses the larger question of the Chicago spirit and the importance of buildings in shaping the cultural environment of the city.
Lukas, J. Anthony. Big Trouble - A Murder in a Small Western Town Sets Off a Struggle for the Soul of America. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1997. Although a murder trial in Idaho is the principal story, a great deal of the relevant history and background, including the history of socialism, the labor movement and unions takes place in Chicago. The book includes a narrative of national and state politics of the period, and the social history and personalities of a number of key political and social figures prominent in Chicago, including: Clarence Darrow, the founder of the Pinkerton Agency, Theodore Roosevelt and Illinois Governor Altgeld are all treated at considerable length in this well documented account of the times, people and conditions of life in the period around the turn of the century. The book is also includes a great deal of background and detail about the role of the press and individual newspapers and reporters in covering sensational trials.
Lyle, John H. The Dry and Lawless Years. New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1960. An account of the illegal and other activities of the mob, police and others by a practicing attorney, member of the Illinois legislature, member of the Chicago City Council, and self styled 'crime busting' felony court judge in the 1920's.
Lloyd Wendt and Herman Kogan, Big Bill of Chicago, Bobbs Merrill, NY 1953. A detailed political history of the tumultuous politics surrounding the elections and reelections of Mayor 'Big Bill the Builder' Thompson. Thompson was Mayor from 1915-1920, and reelected in 1927-1930.
Meyerowitz, Joanne J. Women Adrift – Independent Wage Earners in Chicago, 1880 -1930, Chicago: U. Chicago Press, 1988. A detailed, strong, and broadly based academic study of working class women in Chicago, including demographics, unionization issues, their abysmally low wages, what they read and wrote, extensive discussion of housing and living conditions, and sexual mores. 'Women adrift' were identified from the 1880 and 1910 census systematically as women who were gainfully employed 'who did not live with kin or with employers,' other gainfully employed women who lived alone or as boarders, lodgers, and tenants. (Appendix, Women Adrift Samples, p. 143) Includes an excellent, detailed, wide ranging bibliography of books, articles, newspapers and archival sources.
Simpson, Dick. Rogues, Rebels and Rubber Stamps – The Politics of the Chicago City Council from 1863 to the Present. Westview Press, 2001. A colorful historical narrative of the history and politics of the Chicago City Council by a former Alderman. Ch. 2 deals with the Chicago City Council under the 'Grey Wolves,' from the Chicago fire to the Great Depression, approximately the period spanned by this data set. The Civil War was followed by a divisive and hotly contested party politics, and by 1865 Chicago was an industrial giant and the undisputed capital of the mid-west. "Local government from the Chicago Fire in 1871 until the Great Depression in 1929 was characterized by corruption, 'boodle,' and fragmented power ….The city council was at the center of a corrupt political system in which aldermen and judges could be bribed; the laws and the police favored the businessman, not the workingman; and public officials were often motivated by ambition and lust for money….The battle between machine and reform was the great civic war that replaced the partisanship of the Civil War period." p. 464-7. The first ethnic based political machines were formed after the Chicago fire and persisted into the depression. The years between 1893 and Cermak in 1931 were 'the most disreputable in the City's history.' p. 50.
Smith, Carl S. Urban Disorder and the Shape of Belief - The Great Chicago Fire; The Haymarket Bomb and the Model Town of Pullman. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1995. A rich and unusually structured narrative, a political and social history, recreating the tapestry of events and contemporaneous commentary surrounding these three signature events in Chicago. The affect of the Haymarket trial and executions, only a year later, on the culture surrounding criminal justice and the courts was immediate and long lasting. The author sums up the contemporary mood of the city as follows: "The 'apprehensive concern' surrounding Haymarket was based in 'the feeling and the fact that it is one phase, and the worse phase, of a widespread discontent upon the part of millions of the poorer people of this and other countries.'" p. 169. Internal citation omitted.
Smith, Carl S. Chicago and the American Literary Imagination, 1880-1920. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1984. An identification and description of the work of various literary and artistic figures who used Chicago as setting, or were Chicago based. The variety and popularity of a wide range of different kinds of literary works is noteworthy, and another dimension of the reform minded culture of the period. An overview of the lively cultural scene and the gifted group of writers and artists, including architects, who lived or worked in the city and created a Chicago of the Imagination for future generations. Extensive bibliography.
Reed, Badger._ The Great American Fair: The World's Columbian Exposition and American Culture_. Chicago: U. of Chicago Press, 1979.
Miller, Ross. The Great Chicago Fire, U. Illinois Press, 2000.
Aurich, Paul. The Haymarket Tragedy. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1984. McCaffrey, Lawrence J., Ellen Skerret, Michael F. Funchion and Charles Fanning. The Irish in Chicago.
Anderson, Philip J. and Dag Blanck, eds. Swedish-American Life in Chicago: Cultural and Urban Aspects of an Immigrant People, 1850-1930.
Dominic A. Pacyga, Polish Immigrants and Industrial Chicago–Workers on the South Side, 1880-1922, Ohio State U. Press, 1991. Photographs.
Glen E. Holt and Dominic A. Pacyga, Chicago: A Historical Guide to the Neighborhoods – The Loop and South Side, Chicago Historical Society, 1979. (with historical photographs. Evocative photographs and commentary on the growth, changes and development of Chicago neighborhoods from the city's founding to the 1970's, including: the Loop; the Stockyards; the near South Side including Prairie Avenue; Douglas, Oakwood, Kenwood, Hyde Park, Grand Boulevard, Washington Part, Armour Square, Bridgeport, Back of the Yards, Brighton Park and Gage Park. Especially useful for the analysis of ethnic migration patterns.
Special Topics: Blacks in Chicago
U.S. Census, Negro Population in the United States, 1790-1915, Washington, Gov't Printing Office, 1918. A special report of the U.S. Census.
Harold F. Gosnell, Negro Politicians, U. Chicago Press, originally published 1935, reprinted with a new Introduction by James Q. Wilson, 1967. Chronicles the activities of Negroes in politics and the society in Chicago, where Negroes first entered northern politics in significant numbers although Negroes constituted only 7 per cent of the Chicago population in 1930. "Gosnell said the purpose of his book was to 'describe in realistic fashion the struggle of a minority group to advance its status by political methods.' Although it lacks any explicit theoretical orientation and offers few large generalizations, his study succeeds in presenting a vivid and well-documented account of that struggle for status. Today the methods and the motives of Negro leaders have changed somewhat, but the problems and frustrations remain essentially the same." 1967 Introduction, p. xii. For its relevance to this Project, see Ch. XII, Negro Police Officers, p.244-279.
Spear, Allan H. Black Chicago: The Making of a Negro Ghetto, 1890-1920. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1967. Emphasizing economic, demographic, and institutional conditions, Black Chicago chronicles the development of the city's black community:
"The story of Chicago's Negroes in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries is interwoven with the general history of the City…. The profound changes that took place in the Chicago Negro community between the 1890's and 1920 had both internal and external dimensions. One the one hand, they were the result of mounting hostility of white Chicagoans. Whites grew anxious as a growing Negro population sought more and better housing; they feared job competition in an era of industrial strife when employers frequently used Negroes as strikebreakers; and they viewed Negroes as pawns of a corrupt political machine…. The rise of Chicago's black ghetto belongs to both urban history and Negro history…" Introduction p. 7-8. "Chicago had in its midst a sharply delineated Negro ghetto, separated from the white community by a high though unofficial wall of segregation and discrimination. Within this wall, a quarter of a million black Chicagoans maintained a community life that, on the surface at least, seemed virtually independent of white Chicago…. This study documents the formation of a northern Negro ghetto. It examines the forces, both external and internal, that conditioned the development of separate Negro community life and it analyzes the impact of this development upon Negro racial ideology, the growth of Negro race consciousness, and the composition and outlook of the Negro leadership class. It confronts these problems by tracing the history of the Chicago Negro community in the generation prior to the great riot of 1919…." Preface, p. vii-ix.
St. Clair Drake and Horace Clayton, Black Metropolis, New York, Harcourt Brace and Co, 1945. Considered by many to be the most authoritative and exhaustive study of the Negro community in Chicago.
Tuttle, William M., Jr. Race Riot: Chicago in the Red Summer of 1919. New York: Atheneum, 1970. In analyzing the race riot of 1919, the author summarizes previous work and provides background on race relations before and after the race riot of 1919.
The Negro in Chicago [Report of the Chicago Commission on Race Relations]. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1922. Compiled in the aftermath of the 1919 race riot, this Report includes a detailed description of demographics, a history of race relations in the city, and an analysis of the conditions of blacks in Chicago.
Louise V. Kennedy and Frank Ross, Bibliography of Negro Migration (New York: Columbia University Press, 1934).
Foner, Eric. A Short History of Reconstruction 1863-1877. New York: Harper & Row Publishers, 1990. Although predominately a work describing the reunification of the United States after the Civil War, the book describes many events that occur early in the 1870s (and into the early 1900s) that constitute the beginning of the period of the data set, such as the extreme economic hardships and the inferior legal and social status of blacks.
Grossman, James R. Land of Hope: Chicago, Black Southerners, and the Great Migration. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1989. This readable account provides an extensive analysis of both the southern roots of the Great Migration and the making (and remaking) of Chicago's black community during the early twentieth century.
Johnson, Daniel M. and Rex R. Campbell. Black Migration in America. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1981. A historical and analytical account of factors contributing to the migration of southern blacks to the north. This book provides detailed data on patterns of black migrations over time periods and across states.
Hirsch, Arnold R. Making the Second Ghetto: Race and Housing in Chicago, 1940- Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1983. This work argues that the government, through its suburban, subsidy grants and "redevelopment" policies in the city, perpetuated the decline of the inner city and contributed to the racial strife present during from 1919 to 1960.
Pinderhughes, Dianne M. Race and Ethnicity in Chicago Politics: A Reexamination of Pluralist Theory. Urbana, IL: University of Illinois Press, 1987. Chapter 6 examines various crimes in Chicago from the 1870's to the 1930's and argues that black Americans, despite theoretical expectations, are not as assimilated as other immigrant groups in relation to equal punishment for crimes.
E. Franklin Frazier, The Negro Family in Chicago, U. Chicago Press.
Elizabeth Dale, the Rule of Justice – the People of Chicago versus Zephyr Davis, Ohio State U. Press, Columbus, 2001.
Louise De Koven Bowen, The Colored Population of Chicago (Chicago: Juvenile Protective Association, 1913).
Newspapers and the Press
Baldasty, Gerald J. The Commercialization of News in the Nineteenth Century. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1992. A history of newspapers and the changing environment in the reporting of news and political issues in the nineteenth century, including excellent appendices, notes and an extended bibliography.
Emery, Michael and Edwin Emery, The Press and America– An Interpretative History of the Mass Media. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hallo, 1992.
Nord, David Paul. Newspapers and New Politics: Midwestern Municipal Reform. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1979. A comparison of urban reform efforts in Chicago and St. Louis in 1890-1900, using contemporaneous newspaper accounts. Ch.5 'The Public Community' focuses on Chicago in the 1870's; Ch. 6, 'The Business Values of American Newspapers' is a study of Chicago journalism in the late nineteenth century; Ch. 7 'The Paradox of Municipal Reform in the Late Nineteenth Century' addressed the role of newspapers in municipal reform; Ch. 11 'Reading the Newspaper' looks at readers responses to urban newspapers by examining some manuscript letters to the editors of the Chicago Herald and the Chicago Tribune in 1912-1917.
The Police
History of the Chicago Police. Montclair NJ: Patterson Smith, 1887⁄1973. Beginning with events prior to the founding of Chicago, this book is as much a history of the city as it is of the police department. The author provides extensive detail in describing the role of law enforcement during key nineteenth century events (until 1887) in Chicago history, particularly the various instances of civil unrest.
Lindberg, Charles C. To Serve and Collect: Chicago Politics and Police Corruption from the Lager Beer Riot to the Summerdale Scandal. New York: Praeger, 1991. Beginning with the founding of the city and continuing through the Summerdale Scandal of 1958-61, Lindberg focuses on law enforcement and political corruption in Chicago.
Raphael W. Marrow and Harriet I. Carter, In Pursuit of Crime – The Police of Chicago, Chronicle of a Hundred Years: 1833-1933. The Flats Publishing Company, Sunbury (1996). A history of the Chicago Police Department using internal sources and relating the politics of the times to the development of the police. Chronological and anecdotal.
Cohn, David L. The Good Old Days: A History of American Manners as Seen through the Sears Roebuck Catalogs, 1905 to the Present. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1940. The distribution of the Sears Catalog revolutionized the consumer culture. Pages 431-440 review the inclusion of firearms, ammunition, and accessories in Sears catalogs between 1894 and 1924. The author places information on these and other goods in the context of the cultural norms of the day.
Cramer, Clayton E. Concealed Weapon Laws of the Early Republic: Dueling, Southern Violence, and Moral Reform. New York: Praeger, 1979. The author traces the development of concealed firearms laws in America. Beginning with 16th century European influences through the mid-nineteenth century, this source provides much information on the earliest weapon laws of the states and discusses factors related to their passage.
Block, Carolyn Rebecca. Lethal Violence in Chicago Over Seventeen Years: Homicides Known to the Police, 1965-1981. Chicago: Illinois Criminal Justice Information Authority, 1985. Block's study provides a rigorous, quantitative analysis of homicide in Chicago from 1965 to 1981, a useful point of comparison for the essays in this volume.
Jackson, Kenneth T. Crabgrass Frontier: The Suburbanization of the United States. New York: Oxford University Press, 1985. This work charts the expansion of the suburbs and changes in housing patterns from the 18th century to the 1960s (focusing regular attention on Chicago), detailing a number of factors such as improved transportation technology and government subsidies. Lindberg, Richard. Return to the Scene of the Crime: Chicago. Nashville, TN: Cumberland House, 1999. A look at crime scenes and geographic locations of homicides in Chicago from 1871 to present.
Farrell, James T. Chicago Stories, selected and edited by Charles Fanning, Champaign: U. Illinois Press, 1998. The date of publication of these stories is usually in the early 1930's, however they capture the speech and circumstances of a swath of street life in certain Chicago neighborhoods in the prior decade.
Helen Lefkowitz Horowitz, Culture and the City – Cultural Philanthropy in Chicago from the 1880-s to 1917. U. Chicago Press, 1976. A history of philanthropy in Chicago at the time of the founding of some of the city's great fortunes and cultural institutions.
Joseph C. Bigott, From Cottage to Bungalow, Houses and the Working Class in Metropolitan Chicago, 1869-1929. U. Chicago Press. 2001. A history of everyday life as seen through land use and the development of the built environment through real estate booms, economic depressions and political changes. Attention to the individual character and history of neighborhoods and the living patterns associated with ethnic groups. Photographs.
Dale E. Ruth, Inventing the Public Enemy – The Gangster in American Culture, 1918-1934. U. Chicago Press, Chicago, 1996. "Inventing the Public Enemy is an attempt to understand mass media images and the culture that produced them. As such it is a study in values. Shortly after the First World War many Americans came to believe that rampant crime was a defining element of their society. Attention soon centered on the gangsters, the paragon of modern criminality and eventually the subject of innumerable newspaper and magazine articles, scores of novels and plays, and more than a hundred Hollywood movies. The media gangster was an invention, much less an account accurate reflection of reality than a projection created from various Americans' beliefs, concerns and ideas about what would sell…." Introduction: The Gangster and Urban America, p.1.
Nathan F. Leopold, Jr. Life Plus 99 Years, Doubleday, 1958. An autobiography account of the imprisonment and path to the eventual release of one of the notorious murderers in the 1924 Leopold and Loeb case.
Clarence Darrow, The Story of My Life, Chas. Scribner's Sons, NY 1932. The autobiography of the most famous lawyer of his time, defending Leopold and Loeb among others. His practice and his life reflect the political struggles of the day.
Accounts of Organized Crime and Al Capone
Asbury, Herbert. Gem of the Prairie: An Informal History of the Chicago Underworld. New York: Knopf, 1940. A journalistic account of the Chicago underworld during the early twentieth century. Asbury's narrative focuses on the leading gangsters, most colorful personalities, and most notorious vice spots in the criminal history of the city.
Peterson, Virgil W. Barbarians in Our Midst: A History of Chicago Crime and Politics. Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1952. The author, a veteran FBI agent and onetime director of the Chicago Crime Commission, focuses on the relationship between crime, politics, and corruption from the founding of Chicago through the Kefauver Hearings.
Richard Lindberg, Chicago by Gaslight – A History of Chicago's Netherworld, 1880-1920. Academy Chicago Publishers, 1996. A lively, anecdotal account of historic events, political scandals and the notorious underworld. A valuable table lists all mayors, Chiefs of Police, State's Attorneys, and Sheriffs from 1871-1920. (p.214) Photographs and illustrations.
John Kobler, Capone – The Life and World of Al Capone, Da Capo Press, Putnam, 1971, NY, reprinted by Da Capo Press, Perseus Pres, 1992. A chronicle of the gang wars and Capone's rise to and maintenance of power through terrorism and the maintenance of his association with government officials.
Kenneth Allsop, "The Bootleggers - The Story of Chicago's Prohibition Era," Arlington House. New Rochelle NY 1961. A Chronicle of the rise and fall of prohibition era mobsters.
Curt Johnson and R. Craig Sautter, "Wicked City Chicago – From Kenna to Capone," December Press, Highland Park, 1994. A history of Chicago's famous and infamous through portraits of powerful, celebrated or notorious figures. Intended for the general reader. Includes contemporary photographs of most subject.
Laurence Bergreen, Capone – the Man and the Era, Simon and Schuster, 1994. A history of Prohibition and a biography of the notorious gangster associated with it and Chicago.
Emmett Dedmon, Fabulous Chicago, Random House, 1953. A popular social, cultural history. Illustrated.
Richard Lindberg, Chicago by Gaslight– A History of Chicago's Netherworld, 1880-1920. Academy Chicago Publishers, 1996. A journalistic description of major events and descriptions of notorious figures.


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What is Radon?
Radon is a natural occurring chemically inert gas. It comes for the radioactive decay of common uranium in soil that enters building directly beneath and a few meters around the foundation. Radon can enter all types of buildings and the main concern is when radon has the chance to accumulate. Tight homes do not cause radon; they increase the likelihood of radon lingering instead of escaping through ventilation.
The Health Risk
Radon is an unstable atom and will break down into a family of elements called radon decay products. These decay products attach to the surface of dust and become logged in the lungs. When exhaled, the radon leaves but the decay products remain in the lungs which have been proven to cause lung cancer. The chance of lung cancer increases greatly for smokers as they already have damaged, weaker lungs. For a nonsmoker, if exposed to the minimum suggested EPA actionable level of 4 pCi/L, there would be the equivalent risk ratio of dying in a car crash.
How Radon Enters Buildings
There are many ways radon can enter a building. The main reason is that buildings naturally create vacuum effects. Vacuums are caused by either temperature-induced stack effects or mechanical exhaust systems. There are typically four ways radon enters a structure: Vacuum effects, water, diffusion, and emanation.
The Vacuum Effect (90+% of Radon)
Mechanical Devices such as Stove Fan and Bathroom Fans
A good way to visualize is to imagine a bathroom fan or over-the-stove fan turned on and creating a negative pressure in the home. If it is winter, the windows and doors in the home closed tight so a lot of air is being drawn from the cracks and holes in the basement foundation to the radon laden soil below. If you basement is a dirt crawl space, it can have a much greater accumulation of radon gas.
A fireplace will drawn a small amount of air from your home and create enough vacuum effect tto increase radon amounts.
Radon from Water
Radon can dissolve in groundwater and readily degases when brought into a building causing an additional amount of radon to enter the air. On average 10,000 pCi/L in water will add 1 pCi/L into the air. The health concern is from the additional amount of radon in the air, not ingestion.
Where radon diffuses from soil through a slab due to concentration gradients. This is typically a small contributor.
This is when a building material contains uranium or radium and is brought into a building. This is also a low contributor but deserves attention.


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Good Reasons To Date A Rich Man…
Ask any woman you know if she'd prefer to date a rich man over a poor man, and I'll bet the overwhelming majority will say…"duh!!!"
All joking aside, there is something to be said for trying to date "comfortably", and while this may not be feasible for all women, there are some compelling reasons why dating a rich man has its advantages.
Here is what the checkbook says…
Baggage Claim
Everyone has baggage. Be it childhood trauma, baby mama drama or failed past relationships, everyone has issues – which all seem to be easier to deal with when you're not worrying about who's going to pick up the check. It's just as easy to fall in love with a rich man with issues as it is to fall in love with a broke man with issues. One of those issues, though, shouldn't be financial security.
Wine & Dine
Rich men don't just know where the best restaurants are in the city (or the world for that matter), they can afford to take you there! – so for a foodie like me, good eating is an added perk to dating a man with means. I like Red Lobster cheddar biscuits as much as the next chick, but if I have an opportunity to sample international fare and exotic foods then why not satisfy my appetite in royal fashion?
Special Treatment
Most "moneyed" men know how to make a woman feel special, mainly because they can afford to wine and dine her with gifts and vacations to St. Tropez. That's not implying all rich men are sincere, but for the ones who seem to know how to treat a woman well, paying attention to her usually comes in the form of Prada and diamonds. Most wealthy men have had years of experience in learning just what women want, and if they're genuinely into you, they'll want to please you.
Endless Connections
Generally, affluent men are well connected…so if you're looking to network, a rich man could have you in there like swimwear. That's not to say you should "use" anyone, but ask Amber Rose if anyone knew who she was before she dated Kanye. Well-to-do men usually get the VIP treatment, which means any lady he's with also receives this treatment by default. Red carpet, courtside seats, your own reality show – you could be on the come up! Opportunities may present themselves that can help to elevate your own status, and personal and business contacts can help take you to the next level.
One of the main culprits of a stressful relationship is money. That isn't to say that you won't encounter any problems with regard to finances with a rich man, but the chances of that happening are significantly less. The strain of not making this month's rent or the anxiety of having your electricity shut off is substantially reduced when dating a man with bank. You can work because you want to, not because you HAVE to in order to keep the lights on, and that's one less thing to fight about. Not living paycheck to paycheck is Hot.
When dating a successful man there is usually a feeling of passion and respect. Men who are loaded can also be seen as powerful…and powerful men are Hot as hell. Just ask Monica Lewinsky. They don't have to be the best looking, or the smoothest man on the planet, but there's something about the word "billionaire" that gets us nice and moist. Bill Gates might can get it!
As I said earlier, it's just as easy to date a rich man as it is a poor one. But if a woman dates a man strictly for his money, then that woman will almost certainly be disappointed in the long. If he isn't a good man with integrity and there is no love or respect between you, the (somewhat) superficial reasons for dating a rich guy listed above will quickly have you both fading to the background. Mutual attraction and respect should always be the reason to enter into a relationship, but it doesn't hurt if he has a few extra zero's in his bank account.
More on Madame Noire!


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Contact Us
Are you a company interested in learning about our services? If so, give us a call or email: email@example.com.
If you are a candidate for any of our positions or you would like to be added to our database and notified when a position that might be a fit for you becomes available, please check out our open positions and send us your resume.
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Google has 70% of the search engine market. People type in keywords into Google search box to find products, services and information.
Once you get your website up and running, it is very important to be found on the Internet by your target market – be found on Google. Otherwise you are leaving money on the table.
Here are a few tips:-
1. Get a search engine friendly website.
2. No big image only on your home page with the word enter.
3. Search engines read the website pages in a different way to human eyes.
4. Your headlines should be keyword rich
5. The first 100 words on your home page should have keywords related to your niche.
6. Have your page titles relevant to the content on the page. No "home" "welcome" etc
7. Have contact details clearly on each page. People don't bother to look for it.
8. Footer should have site map, contact, privacy policy etc. (Google places a lot of importance on these)
9. Always have alt tags for your images. Google can't read images
10. Avoid Flash movies. They take too long to load
11. Page loading time matters. Google favours quick loading pages.
12. Link to one or two authority sites.
13. Keep your content to the point and short.
14. Keep the most important information above the "fold" – the visible area without scrolling
15. Start a blog and post about your niche news. Contact me if you want to set up one
16. Keep adding fresh content to your site. Search engines love new content and will crawl you faster.
17. Drive some pay-per-click traffic to your site to get some quick traffic.


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After many rounds of discouraging conversations with less experienced and struggling Product Managers both inside and outside my own company, I decided to assemble and share some helpful resources for advancing one's own PM career.
I believe that we are still in the early development stages of the Software Product Manager (SPM) role and also, that there is a general lack of clarity around this particular breed of Product Manager. That would certainly explain the flood of books, articles and similar resources all aimed at helping PMs understand and navigate this career path. But along with those are an even greater number of online conversations that seem to add to the confusion by attempting to explain it.
Here are a few of the top links returned when searching for "What is a Product Manager":
- What, exactly, is a Product Manager?
- Product Manager 101: What Does A Product Manager Actually Do?
- A Product Manager's Job
- Product Managers: Who are these 'mini-CEOs' and what do they do?
For someone who has recently landed their very first Product gig or is just looking to transition into becoming a Product Manager, this visible and honest industry conversation is simply an indicator of how confusing it can be to get started. And while there are some terrific resources being developed, most new PMs don't even know where to begin.
What drove this decision
Closer to home, I knew of three individuals at different stages in their own PM careers who were each struggling with the similar problem.
Arthur was already pursuing a UX calling and was a semester away from earning an advanced degree in that area but had spent enough time around Product people to become intrigued with the role and was now curious about whether he could do both.
Brandon had been tapped by his current company 2 years ago to take on a Product Management role after proving himself as a reliable project manager and was now convinced that he wanted to find his next Product opportunity to continue down this path.
Carl had been a Product Manager for several years but had received no formal training and while he had mastered the more tactical activities of getting customer requirements through Engineering to deliver features to customers, he didn't know where to start to improve beyond that.
I found myself in impromptu mentoring conversations with all three in the span of a single week. I took that as a good sign to revisit my own collection of PM material and pull together suitable resources for at least these three practitioners.
The decision: Create simple orientation assignments for Product Managers who have a genuine appetite for advancing their careers.
The challenge was not finding relevant material but rather curating the collection to zero in on the items that would have the biggest impact. I was looking for artifacts that would be easy to consume, that would provide good direction in the short term, and that might inspire them to explore topics even further on their own.
Plan of attack
These three colleagues were in different stages of their careers but I knew that all of them would benefit from some strong, foundational material. There is a growing body of informational resources for the SPM but I didn't have a place to point them to get started.
Required Reading (AND LISTENING)
The first question I always ask Product Managers who are just getting started is whether they've found and read Marty Cagan's book, Inspired - How to Create Products Customer Love. I have received nothing but rave reviews from every person to whom I've recommended this book.
I consider it required reading -- and re-reading. It is easy to consume and is filled with great advice for PMs at all stages. But perhaps the greatest benefit for an early-stage Product Manager is that Cagan clearly outlines the role itself and distinguishes it from the related but often overlapping functions of Project Manager, Product Marketer and UX Designer.
And If you need a break from reading, I can't recommend enough the amazing podcast, This is Product Management, created and hosted by Mike Fishbein. Each episode provides a fresh and unique perspective on this incredible role. Mike recruits inspiring guests who generously share their experiences working in and around the Product function.
Your New PM Job
I then turned our attention to what Product Managers should be thinking about in their early days on the job. Some years back, I came across this wonderful article written by Gopal Shenoy called Software product manager's first 30 days at a new job …. In it, he lays out a great guide for what good PMs do (or should be doing) in their first few weeks. The list is extensive and a little intimidating - perfect for setting a new PM's expectations.
I encouraged Arthur and Brandon to digest Shenoy's 30-day list and create a distilled version for their own use. And if they made it through that, I further suggested that they read his companion article on what to do in the next 45-90 days.
Brandon is actively interviewing but had not yet found some of the great resources that the PM community has contributed for job hunters. I encouraged him to take a look at one particularly interesting app at http://www.thepminterview.com. The author leverages material from Cracking the PM Interview and Decode and Conquer to create an online, interactive exercise where you can practice your answers to sample interview questions.
Formal Training Programs and Peer Groups
I pointed Carl, who was already embedded on a Product team, to look into cursory workshops and/or full, multi-week courses created specifically for Product Managers. There has been an increase in the number of online or self-guided options from companies like Udemy, but I encouraged Carl to look at local options such as General Assembly's 10-week course or the Pragmatic Marketing program. I explained to him that he would enjoy the added benefit of meeting and networking with peers in his own community.
And speaking of networking, I am a big fan of getting plugged into monthly meet-ups and similar informal, after-work forums related to your career choice. Every month, more and more opportunities spring up for Product Managers to meet and share ideas. I told Arthur, Brandon, and Carl to sign up for an upcoming event in our city and even offered to accompany them.
On the Job Training
Fall in love with a product framework
I prefer to give tactical advice when I can. So I followed up on my previous recommendations (read this book, take this class, join this meet-up, etc.) with a single proposal that I would expect each of them to incorporate differently on their own product paths: fall in love with a product framework.
Over the years, the greater Product community has created and shared many formal templates, authoritative checklists, proven models and reusable processes. A few of these attempt to address the entire product lifecycle but I believe that would be exhausting for an up-and-coming PM to consume, much less apply in practice. Instead, I advocate that new Product Managers zero in on a more discrete area, by starting with what interests them the most.
I used this approach when I was first getting my bearings. I was overwhelmed by all the material and product experts I encountered and was struggling to find any method that I could confidently apply. I eventually discovered Marty Cagan's Opportunity Assessment and used this as a foundation for my building my own method.
And I wouldn't discount the searching process itself. You will inevitably stumble onto new ideas just by sifting through the still disperse product knowledge base to find frameworks that interest you.
Volunteer to do a PM's Job
And what do you do with this new framework you've recently embraced?
I was once told that the best way to get into Product Management is to start doing it. This guru urged would-be PMs to hunt down the closest Product team (or whomever is performing that function) and offer to assist. As someone running a Product team, I genuinely like that approach. But I would argue that showing up empty handed is not as attractive as arriving with expertise around some useful tool that the Product team can use to improve discovery, planning, or execution.
The impact
Ultimately, it is up to Arthur, Brandon, and Carl to move forward at their own pace. I'd like to think my advice is helping them to navigate but I feel like we're still far away from having any kind of proven curriculum. Despite that, I'm seeing more and more people gravitate to this kind of role - and I'm encouraging it. The Product community is fortunate to have professionals from so many disciplines join our ranks, making us a much stronger collective.
Look for more reports from theProductPath around Product teams, PM credibility, and the PM role here on PM Decisions.


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2017 Schedule | 2017 Roster | Preview Video | Social Media
7 ScheduleLANCASTER, Pa. – Franklin & Marshall women's track and field will travel to Mary Washington on Saturday for the first meet of the outdoor season. The Diplomats, fresh off a fourth-place finish at the Centennial Conference (CC) Championships during the indoor campaign, look to continue their ascent up the conference rankings this spring.
To watch a season preview video, click here.
2017 Diplomats
The loss of eight-time conference champion Rebecca Swisher, now a member of the F&M coaching staff, will be difficult to replace. However, the Diplomats boast a strong core of returning athletes that performed well during the winter, and have added a group of newcomers that has already begun contributing at the conference level.
Athletes to Watch
Alyssa Ward – Jr.
Rachel Wylie – Fr.
Kaitlin Muccio – So.
Aleksandra Kiszka – Jr.
Sabrina Piccinini – Fr.
Ward, winner of the silver medal last spring in the high jump and bronze in the triple jump, continued to cement her place as one of the conference's premier jumpers during the winter. The junior nabbed her first career CC gold in the triple jump as well as earning silver in the high jump and fourth in the long jump.
Wylie burst onto the scene during the winter season, taking second in the 400-meter dash at the conference championships. She also clocked the second-fastest qualifying time in the 60-meter hurdles, eventually taking seventh, and added a pair of silver medals in the 4x200- and 4x400-meter relays.
Kiszka (fifth in the 60-meter hurdles) and Muccio (sixth in the 400) also tallied strong individual performances at the conference championships, as well as filling two slots in both the 4x200 and 4x400. Piccinini tallied points in the long jump, finishing eighth.
The Road Ahead
Following the trip to Mary Washington this Saturday, F&M returns home on March 25 to host Dickinson and Gettysburg in the Little Three Meet. The Diplomats remain close to home the following weekend, heading across town for the Millersville Metrics on April 1.
April also includes meets at Delaware (April 8), East Stroudsburg (April 22), and West Chester (April 28).
CC Outdoor Championships run from May 5-7, and are hosted in Baltimore by Johns Hopkins. The NCAA Championships are scheduled for May 25-27 in Geneva, Ohio.
Look for the icon below, which can be accessed at the top-right of the 2016-17 men's swimming schedule when viewed on your computer, or bottom-left of all schedules on your mobile device.
Follow Along
All of your favorite Diplomat athletic teams are available on social media. Follow them on Twitter and Instagram, and like them on Facebook!


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Treadmillasaurus Rex (2010)
This is one of my favorite all-time games I've worked on. It embodies everything I ever consider to be fun and interesting about game development; the ability to improvise in the development cycle, silliness in theme, player skill and escalating challenge, and a "hey look at what I'm playing" virality that the game thrived on. The game was originally going to be a whale on a treadmill, but I couldn't draw whale flopping on a flat surface very well so at the last-minute it was changed to a dinosaur. Produced by Armor Games.
Programming: John
Art: John
Music: ZeRo-BaSs - Angel of Destiny
Produced by: Armor Games


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I have been wanting to do this post for ages.. however I waited until everything was in place before I showed you my walk in wardrobe, I am so so happy with it, its literally perfect. Now I don't want to be negative, but just for the people who will think I'm spoilt because of this, because I know some will, we have just moved house, we used to live in a 2 bedroom small cottage style terraced house and now we live in a large 3 bed semi. I am an only child and the third bedroom isn't really needed for anything in particular, so I was allowed to have it as a walk in wardrobe. I do pay rent and I have agreed to let my rent go up because I have this extra room, so just to clear that all up I haven't just got this all for free.
Right, now that's over and done with, I can finally show my walk in wardrobe, this posts is going to be all pictures and then all the information will be at the end.
(the end result)
❥ the white clothes bars on the wall, are the Mulig from IKEA. £4.50 each. BARGAIN
❥ the shelving was left here by the previous owners so I have no idea where that's from
❥ the mannequin was from Dunelm
❥ the two drawer floral white wicker storage unit was from Dunelm.
❥ white wicker storage on the shelves were from Amazon.
❥ light shade is from Dunelm
This room is literally my favourite place in the world at the moment, I am still finding it so weird that I do my hair and makeup in my bedroom, and then I walk across the landing to another room to get my clothes, its a strange feeling, but I am so lucky to be able to have this room. I still need to find somehow to store my handbags as I have a ridiculous amount but that doesn't need to be done straight away so I am not too worried.
Hope you like this post, if you have any ideas of how I can store my handbags then please let me know, I would be so grateful.
Rebecca xo


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The Twilight Saga: MU Researchers Release Book on Twilight
Authors argue shifting of marketing strategies with Eclipse indicates Hollywood devalues female fans
June 24th, 2010
MU Researchers Examine the Twilight Phenomenon from MU News Bureau on Vimeo.
COLUMBIA, Mo. – As fans eagerly await The Twilight Saga: Eclipse set for release on June 30, University of Missouri communication experts have published a scholarly book on Twilight, Bitten by Twilight: Youth Culture, Media, & the Vampire Franchise, that analyzes the Twilight franchise and finds it to be unique for a variety of factors. In their book, communication professors Melissa Click, Jennifer Stevens Aubrey and Elizabeth Behm-Morawitz analyze the importance of gender dynamics to the Twilight franchise.
Despite the record-breaking success of the first two Twilight films, Summit Entertainment shifts marketing strategies with its third film to attract a male audience, MU researchers said. With the latest Twilight film, the researchers observe that the marketing of Eclipse highlights a subplot of Stephenie Meyer's book that is dark and violent, a ploy to draw male moviegoers. The official full-length trailer for Eclipse promotes the film largely as an action movie instead of focusing on the love triangle that is established in the third book of the Twilight series.
"Although the establishment of a love triangle in Eclipse is central to the story and marks a very important turning point in the series, the movie trailer highlights the action, rather than the romantic, elements of the story," Aubrey said. "Why is Summit doing this? From a cultural point of view, the media industry doesn't confer cultural legitimacy on texts until they are embraced by men, not just women."
"Summit's desire to draw a larger male audience signals a discrepancy in the way Hollywood values male and female moviegoers," said Click. "What Summit fails to see is that by courting male audiences, they are devaluing Twilight's devoted female fans and missing an incredible opportunity to develop the terms for future female franchises."
"The success of the Twilight franchise is on par with other culturally legitimate franchises, such as Star Wars and Harry Potter, but it has a largely female fan base, which makes it easy to ridicule," said Behm-Morawitz. "Twilight's story line shares much in common with these other franchises – including against-the-odds romance, super powers and epic battle scenes – but it has become clear that to be granted the same level of respect Twilight must get the boys and men on board. It is disappointing to see that many people dismiss or ridicule Twilight fans instead of truly trying to understand the fan experience and the appeal of Twilight."
In their book, the researchers analyze the Twilight fandom from a variety of perspectives.
"One of the interesting things about Twilight is that fans want to live in the Twilight universe," Click said. "The franchise capitalizes on this need by providing merchandise that supports this fantasy."
For example, fans can purchase clothes and jewelry worn by Bella Swan and other major characters in the film and books. In addition, the success of the franchise has largely been built on the celebrity of the actors who play the main characters so that fans have an embodiment of the fans' beloved characters.
Bitten by Twilight: Youth Culture, Media, & the Vampire Franchise was released this month by publisher Peter Lang.


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Everything we create is inspired by the places we go, things we see, and friends we meet along the way. Each bag is handmade down to the last stitch to give you the most durable, functional, and unique chalk bag. It's in the little details are what make ΔSTΛTIC stand out from the rest.We've searched everywhere for the toughest, most durable, unique fabric we could find. The Waxed Canvas Collection looks more vintage as you use it. Each crease leaves a mark, telling the story of every adventure you take your chalk bag on. These bags are sturdier than regular canvas and are less likely to tip over than your average bag because of the wax coating and design._____________________________________________________
Paracord® that won't slip out under the chalk bag
Inside is a canvas top that flows into a protected soft anti-pill fleece lining. Even when you run out of chalk, let's face it we all do at some point, you'll still have some left in the absorbent fleece
Larger than the standard size gives you more room to chalk up
Infused with USDA Organic Local San Diego Lavender
Handmade in San Diego, California


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Sydney, Australia: 19th December 2016.
The CQS Racing team are making steady progress in their preparations for the Rolex Sydney Hobart Race, implementing improvements as a result of their training and tuning sessions last week.
On Monday they changed from a traditional forestay and headsail to a furling headsail.
"We learnt so much during our days of training last week," said Ludde, "and with input from the whole team, but particularly Chris Dickson, Rodney Keenan and Chris Main, we decided to change from a hanked on headsail to a furling headsail."
Ludde says they have been able to stick to a well organised schedule of training followed by maintenance in their preparations for the race, "this is the way we run our programmes, alternating training and tuning with maintenance and improvements".
Some of the race crew have gone home to New Zealand during the maintenance period, and will fly back to Sydney for further training on Wednesday.


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Agbani Darego Danjuma shares Lovely Photos from her Holiday in Europe
Miss World 2001 & Fashion Entrepeneur Agbani Darego Danjuma who recently got married to her heartthrob Ishaya Danjuma is currently on a holiday with her husband, visiting picturesque European cities. The beauty queen shared photos from her holiday on her Instagram page. From the breathtaking views to the inviting meals, the photos indicate that they are definitely living it up.
See photos below:


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British Rabbit Council June 2014.


text: Syria's foreign minister has pledged to respect UN-Arab League envoy Kofi Annan's peace plan and to co-operate with a UN team sent to monitor a fragile ceasefire between government forces and opposition fighters. Walid al-Muallem's comments, made as he met his Chinese counterpart in Beijing on Wednesday, came as both the opposition and authorities reported violations of the truce. "Syrian Foreign Minister Walid Muallem... said Syria would continue to... respect and implement Annan's 'six-point proposal'," China's foreign ministry quoted Muallem as telling Yang Jiechi. Muallem also said Damascus remained committed to implementing a ceasefire, withdrawing troops and co-operating with UN observers, the statement added. He said in a news conference that UN plans to deploy 250 monitors on the ground in Syria were "reasonable and logical". So far, only a handful of advance monitors have arrived in the country. Muallem is on a short visit to China to brief Beijing on his nation's latest efforts to implement Annan's peace proposal, which came into force last week and includes a full ceasefire and withdrawal of troops. Shootings reported The observer team travelled to Arbeen at the outskirts of Damascus on Wednesday, escorted by police. Their cars were surrounded by demonstrators waving flags and a banner reading: "The butcher continues killings, the observers continue observing, and the people continue with their revolution. We only bow to God" was plastered on the rear of one of the UN cars. Activists said shooting broke out during the monitors' visit, but it was not clear whether the observers witnessed the incident. They made a trip south to the city of Deraa on Tuesday, apparently without incident. Al Jazeera's Rula Amin, reporting from Beirut in neighbouring Lebanon, said the final logistical details regarding the UN monitors in Syria have yet to be finalised. "Issues that need to be addressed include how much access will the monitors have, how much freedom of movement do they have, how much control will the government have over them?" she said. "It is going to be very hard for them to venture into very fragile areas where the army and armed groups are shooting at each other, without risking their safety." 'Security forces killed' Both the opposition and state media reported fresh violence on Wednesday. SANA state news agency blamed "terrorists" for a blast in the northern Idlib province which it said killed six members of the security forces. It also said a policeman had been killed by a sniper in the southern Deraa province and that a lieutenant colonel had been shot dead in the Damascus suburb of Douma. Meanwhile, government forces shelled four rebel districts of Homs: Juret al-Shayah, al-Qarabis, al-Khaldiyeh and al-Bayada, the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said. They are among a string of neighbourhoods of Syria's third largest city that remain outside security force control despite a massive assault on its Bab Amr district that saw hundreds killed, including Western journalists, before troops moved in on March 1. Idlib, the main city in the province with the same name, has reportedly also been shelled in recent days, as the army tries to rid the area of opposition fighters. Activists say many people have been killed, but witness accounts are difficult to verify since most international media has been barred from entering Syria. 'The killing still goes on' On Tuesday, Arab League ministers called on Damascus to stick to Annan's six-point plan. "We fully support Mr Annan and his six-point plan, but sadly, the killing still goes on," Sheikh Hamad bin Jassem Al Thani, Qatar's prime minister, told reporters after the meeting in Doha on Tuesday. "We are fearful that the regime is playing for time. We expressed this to Mr Annan." Nabil al-Araby, the Arab League secretary-general, called for the ceasefire to be implemented "completely and immediately". "Annan's mission is a political one which would take some time," he said. The Arab ministerial committee, chaired by Qatar, includes Saudi Arabia, Oman, Egypt, Sudan, Algeria, Iraq, and Kuwait. On Monday, Qatar's emir, Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifa Al Thani, said the chances of Annan's plan succeeding were "no higher than three per cent" and that Syrians should not be supported through peaceful means but "with arms". Qatar has taken a hard stance in favour of the uprising against Syrian President Bashar al-Assad. Hopes for the observation mission have been tempered by the failure of the earlier Arab League mission which was hampered by government restrictions on movement, and UN chief Ban Ki-moon has demanded his monitors be given free access. Al Jazeera's Steve Chao, reporting from outside the meeting in Doha, said Arab leaders were "highly sceptical about Syria's intentions". "The Arab League did not say exactly how much time they would give Kofi Annan … before they basically rule this peace plan a failure," Chao said. "They pointed to the fact that so far, five days into this ceasefire, Syria has yet to implement any of the six points Kofi Annan has laid out." SOURCE: Al Jazeera and Agencies Politics Middle East Algeria China Egypt