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Al Capone was an Italian-American mobster, crime lord, kingpin, hitman, businessman, bootlegger, racketeer, extortionist, mass murderer, and Chicago Mafia boss who was the boss of the Chicago Outfit for almost a decade. In the early 1920s, Capone quickly rose thru the ranks in the Chicago underworld, making a name for himself, making millions of dollars, forming political alliances, and transforming the Chicago Mafia into a multi-billion dollar criminal empire. He quickly established himself as the most powerful and feared gangster in Chicago. By 1925, at only 26 years old, Capone became boss of the Chicago Mafia. He was already a multi-millionaire, and soon became a billionaire. He was so powerful, that he could shut down the entire city of Chicago if he wanted too, and he had far more power than the mayor. Capone was dubbed by the media as "The King of Chicago". In the late 1920s, Capone became the most powerful and dangerous crime lord in the world, and also became the most notorious man in the world. He was widely admired and loved in Chicago, and was known as the "Modern Day Robin Hood" because he helped thousands of homeless and less fortunate people by giving out millions of dollars, setting up soup kitchens, building houses for the poor, and donating alot of money to sick children all over America. He was loved and feared throughout Chicago, and around the country, and was even well-known throughout the world. Capone is recognized as the most infamous criminal of all time.
Early Life Edit
Alphonse Gabriel Capone was born in Williamsburg, Brooklyn, New York on January 17th of 1899 to Gabriele and Teresina, Neapolitan immigrants of six years. He was the fifth out of nine children. Contrary to popular belief, Al Capone did not quit school in the 6th grade but his brother Raffaele did. Al Capone was the first child in his family to graduate from high school. He worked in a variety of street gangs, more importantly the teenage-run James Street Gang headed by Capone's future mentor Johnny "Papa Johnny" Torrio. In school and in this gang, Capone met life long friend and future Mafia boss Lucky Luciano who would later be responsible for inventing the modern American Mafia and the Five Families.
Nickname and Namesake Edit
Torrio and partner/fellow mafioso Frankie Yale hired teenage Al Capone in 1917 to be a bouncer in their bar and brothel where he disrespected the sister of mobster Frank Galluccio. Galluccio handled the situation by slashing young Capone in the face with a knife, leaving a gash on Capones left cheek, earning him the nickname "Scarface (Al)". Al Capone later told people he was wounded while serving in the Lost Battalion in the Great War of France, however Al Capone had never served in the military.
Capone's Big Break Edit
In 1919 Capone's mentor "Papa Johnny" Torrio had been summoned by uncle "Big Jim" Colosimo in Chicago to assist him in running prostitution rackets. Colosimo at the time had been the biggest pimp in Chicago. Meanwhile Capone had a run-in with the law for a murder. In avoidance of prosecution, Capone went to Chicago in place of Torrio. By time Al made it to Chicago, Big Jim and Papa Johnny had a big conflict over mob business in Chicago when Torrio saw the lucrative business opportunities prohibition had brought. Torrio wished for and expected Uncle Jim to begin running alcohol bootlegging operations. The wealthy Jim Colosimo had no interest in this idea for he was doing just fine in his prostitution businesses. Colosimo had no interest in Torrio having the bootlegging business either and ordered him not to get into it, which brought the realization to Torrio that his uncle was only in the way and had to be taken out. Johnny Torrio and his apprentice Al Capone organized Big Jim's assassination and hired hitmen to carry it out while they went under the radar. The partners in crime soon started taking over criminal enterprises in Chicago with threats of war if the organizations failed to cooperate.
Boss Edit
In January 1925, Capone was ambushed, leaving him shaken but unhurt. Twelve days later, Torrio was returning from a shopping trip when he was shot several times. After recovering, Torrio effectively resigned and handed control to Capone, age 26, who became the new boss of an organization that took in illegal breweries and a transportation network that reached to Canada, with political and law-enforcement protection. In turn, he was able to use more violence to increase revenue. Refusal by an establishment to purchase liquor from him often resulted in the premises being blown up. As many as 100 people were killed in such bombings during the 1920s. Rivals saw Capone as responsible for the proliferation of brothels in the city
Capone indulged in custom suits, cigars, gourmet food and drink (his preferred liquor was Templeton Rye from Iowa, and female companionship. He was particularly known for his flamboyant and costly jewelry. His favorite responses to questions about his activities were: "I am just a businessman, giving the people what they want"; and, "All I do is satisfy a public demand." Capone had become a national celebrity and talking point.
Capone based himself in Cicero after using bribery and widespread intimidation to take over during elections for the town council. This made it difficult for the North Siders to target him.Capone's driver was found tortured and murdered, and there was an attempt on Weiss's life in the Chicago Loop. On September 20, 1926, the North Side Gang used a ploy outside the Capone headquarters at the Hawthorne Inn, aimed at drawing him to the windows. Gunmen in several cars then opened fire with Thompson submachine guns and shotguns at the windows of the first-floor restaurant. Capone was unhurt and called for a truce, but the negotiations fell through. Three weeks later, Weiss was killed outside the former O'Banion flower shop North Side headquarters. In January 1927, the Hawthorne's restaurant owner, a friend of Capone's, was kidnapped and killed by Moran and Drucci.
Capone became increasingly security-minded and desirous of getting away from Chicago.As a precaution, he and his entourage would often show up suddenly at one of Chicago's train depots and buy up an entire Pullman sleeper car on a night train to a place like Cleveland, Omaha, Kansas City, Little Rock, or Hot Springs, where they would spend a week in luxury hotel suites under assumed names. In 1928, Capone paid $40,000 to beer magnate August Busch for a 14-room retreat at 93 Palm Avenue on Palm Island, Florida, in Biscayne Bay between Miami and Miami Beach.Capone never registered any property under his name. He did not even have a bank account, but always used Western Union for cash delivery, not more than $1,000.
Political alliances Edit
The protagonists of Chicago's politics had long been associated with questionable methods, and even newspaper circulation "wars", but the need for bootleggers to have protection in city hall introduced a far more serious level of violence and graft. Capone is generally seen as having an appreciable effect in bringing about the victories of Republican William Hale Thompson, especially in the 1927 mayoral race when Thompson campaigned for a wide open town, at one time hinting that he'd reopen illegal saloons.[32] Such a proclamation helped his campaign gain the support of Capone, and he allegedly accepted a contribution of $250,000 from the gangster. In the 1927 mayoral race, Thompson beat William Emmett Dever by a relatively slim margin.Thompson's powerful Cook County political machine had drawn on the often-parochial Italian community, but this was in tension with his highly successful courting of African Americans
Capone continued to back Thompson. Voting booths were targeted by Capone's bomber James Belcastro in the wards where Thompson's opponents were thought to have support, on the polling day of April 10, 1928, in the so-called Pineapple Primary, causing the deaths of at least 15 people. Belcastro was also accused of the murder of lawyer Octavius Granady, an African American who challenged Thompson's candidate for the African American vote, and was chased through the streets on polling day by cars of gunmen before being shot dead. Four policemen were among those charged along with Belcastro, but all charges were dropped after key witnesses recanted their statements. An indication of the attitude of local law enforcement to Capone's organization came in 1931 when Belcastro was wounded in a shooting; police suggested to skeptical journalists that Belcastro was an independent operator. The 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre led to public disquiet about Thompson's alliance with Capone and was a factor in Anton J. Cermak winning the mayoral election on April 6, 1931
Saint Valentine's Day Massacre EditCapone was widely assumed to have been responsible for ordering the 1929 Saint Valentine's Day Massacre in an attempt to kill Bugs Moran, the head of the North Side Gang. Moran was the last survivor of the main North Side gunmen; his succession had come about because his similarly aggressive predecessors Vincent Drucci and Hymie Weiss had been killed in the violence that followed the murder of original leader Dean O'Banion.
To monitor their targets' habits and movements, Capone's men rented an apartment across from the trucking warehouse and garage at 2122 North Clark Street that served as Moran headquarters. On the morning of Thursday, February 14, 1929, Capone's lookouts signaled gunmen disguised as police to start a "raid." The faux police lined the seven victims along a wall without a struggle, then signaled for accomplices with machine guns. The seven victims were machine-gunned and shot-gunned. Photos of the victims shocked the public and damaged Capone's reputation. Within days, Capone received a summons to testify before a Chicago grand jury on violations of the federal Prohibition Law, but he claimed to be too unwell to attend at that time.
Trials Edit
Capone was arrested by FBI agents on March 27, 1929 as he left a Chicago courtroom after testifying to a grand jury investigating violations of federal prohibition laws, on charges of having committed contempt of court by feigning illness to avoid an earlier appearance.[47] In May 1929, Capone was sentenced to a prison term in Philadelphia's Eastern State Penitentiary, having been convicted within 16 hours of being arrested for carrying a gun during a trip there. A week after he was released, in March 1930, Capone was listed as the number one "Public Enemy" on the unofficial Chicago Crime Commission's widely publicized list.
In April 1930, Capone was arrested on vagrancy charges when visiting Miami Beach, the governor having ordered sheriffs to run him out of the state. Capone claimed that Miami police had refused him food and water and threatened to arrest his family. He was charged with perjury for making these statements, but was acquitted after a three-day trial in July.In September, a Chicago judge issued a warrant for Capone on charges of vagrancy, and then used the publicity to run against Thompson in the Republican primary. In February 1931, Capone was tried on the contempt of court charge. In court, Judge James Herbert Wilkerson intervened to reinforce questioning of Capone's doctor by the prosecutor. Wilkerson sentenced Capone to six months, but he remained free while on appeal of the contempt conviction.
n 1927, the Supreme Court ruled that illegally earned income was subject to income tax; Justice Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. rejected the argument that the Fifth Amendment protected criminals from reporting illegal income. The IRS special investigation unit chose Frank J. Wilson to investigate Capone, with the focus on his spending. The key to Capone's conviction on tax charges was proving his income, and the most valuable evidence in that regard originated in his offer to pay tax. Ralph, his brother and a gangster in his own right, was tried for tax evasion in 1930. Ralph spent the next three years in prison after being convicted in a two-week trial over which Wilkerson presided. Capone ordered his lawyer to regularize his tax position. Crucially, during the ultimately abortive negotiations that followed, his lawyer stated the income that Capone was willing to pay tax on for various years, admitting income of $100,000 for 1928 and 1929, for instance. Hence, without any investigation, the government had been given a letter from a lawyer acting for Capone conceding his large taxable income for certain years. In 1931, Capone was charged with income tax evasion, as well as with various violations of the Volstead Act (Prohibition) at the Chicago Federal Building in the courtroom of Judge James Herbert Wilkerson. U. S. Attorney George E. Q. Johnson agreed to a deal that he hoped might result in the judge giving Capone a couple of years, but Judge Wilkerson had been aware of the deal all along and refused to allow Capone to plead guilty for a reduced sentence. On the second day of the trial, Judge Wilkerson overruled objections that a lawyer could not confess for his client, saying that anyone making a statement to the government did so at his own risk. Wilkerson deemed that the 1930 letter to federal authorities could be admitted into evidence from a lawyer acting for Capone.
Much was later made of other evidence, such as witnesses and ledgers, but these strongly implied Capone's control rather than stating it. The ledgers were inadmissible on grounds of statute of limitations, but Capone's lawyers incompetently failed to make the necessary timely objection; they also ran a basically irrelevant defense of gambling losses. Judge Wilkerson allowed Capone's spending to be presented at very great length. There was no doubt that Capone spent vast sums but, legally speaking, the case against him centered on the size of his income. Capone was convicted and was sentenced to eleven years in federal prison in November 1931, fined $50,000 plus $7,692 for court costs, and was held liable for $215,000 plus interest due on his back taxes. The contempt of court sentence was served concurrently. New lawyers hired to represent Capone were Washington-based tax experts. They filed a writ of habeas corpus based on a Supreme Court ruling that tax evasion was not fraud, which apparently meant that Capone had been convicted on charges relating to years that were actually outside the time limit for prosecution. However, a judge interpreted the law so that the time that Capone had spent in Miami was subtracted from the age of the offenses, thereby denying the appeal of both Capone's conviction and sentence.
Imprisonment Edit
Capone was sent to Atlanta U.S. Penitentiary in May 1932, aged 33. Upon his arrival at Atlanta, the 250-pound (110 kg) Capone was officially diagnosed with syphilis and gonorrhea. He was also suffering from withdrawal symptoms from cocaine addiction, use of which had perforated his septum. Capone was competent at his prison job of stitching soles on shoes for eight hours a day, but his letters were barely coherent. He was seen as a weak personality, and so out of his depth dealing with bullying fellow inmates that his cellmate, seasoned convict Red Rudinsky, feared that Capone would have a breakdown. Rudinsky was formerly a small time criminal associated with the Capone gang, and found himself becoming a protector for Capone. The conspicuous protection of Rudinsky and other prisoners drew accusations from less friendly inmates, and fueled suspicion that Capone was receiving special treatment. No solid evidence ever emerged, but it formed part of the rationale for moving Capone to the recently opened Alcatraz Federal Penitentiary off the coast of San Francisco.
At Alcatraz, Capone's decline became increasingly evident as neurosyphilis progressively eroded his mental faculties. He spent the last year of his sentence in the prison hospital, confused and disoriented. Capone completed his term in Alcatraz on January 6, 1939, and was transferred to the Federal Correctional Institution at Terminal Island in California to serve out his sentence for contempt of court. He was paroled on November 16, 1939.
Later years and death Edit
After Capone was released from prison, he was referred to Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore for the treatment of paresis (caused by late-stage syphilis).[1] Hopkins refused to admit him based solely on his reputation, but Union Memorial Hospital took him in. Capone was grateful for the compassionate care that he received and donated two Japanese weeping cherry trees to Union Memorial Hospital in 1939. A very sickly Capone left Baltimore on March 20, 1940, after a few weeks inpatient and a few weeks outpatient, for Palm Island, Florida.
In 1946, his physician and a Baltimore psychiatrist performed examinations and concluded that Capone had the mental capability of a 12-year-old child. Capone spent the last years of his life at his mansion in Palm Island, Florida. On January 21, 1947, Capone had astroke. He regained consciousness and started to improve but contracted pneumonia. He suffered a fatal cardiac arrest the next day. On January 25, 1947, Al Capone died in his home, surrounded by his family; he wаs buried аt Mount Carmel Cemetery in Hillside, Illinois.
Chicago aftermath Edit
The main effect of Capone's conviction was that he ceased to be boss immediately on his imprisonment, but those involved in the jailing of Capone portrayed it as considerably undermining the city's organized crime syndicate. Far from being smashed, the Chicago Outfit continued without being troubled by the Chicago police, but at a lower-level and without the open violence that had marked Capone's rule. Organized crime in the city had a lower profile once Prohibition was repealed, already wary of attention after seeing Capone's notoriety bring him down, to the extent that there is a lack of consensus among writers about who was actually in control and who was a figurehead 'front boss'. Prostitution, labor union racketeering, and gambling became moneymakers for organized crime in the city without incurring serious investigation. In the late 1950s, FBI agents discovered an organization led by Capone's former lieutenants reigning supreme over the Chicago underworld.
References Edit
The Mafia Encyclopedia 3rd Edition by Carl Sifakis
True Crimes: Gangsters Outside the Law by Michael Newton


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To the editor: The report by Dinant and colleagues (1) describing different drug therapies for lupus nephritis contains two important lessons in addition to being an example of a welldesigned clinical trial.
The "prednisone only" group apparently received about 20 to 30 mg of prednisone per day (0.3 to 0.4 mg/kg body weight · d), which would be considered grossly inadequate treatment by many. Yet these patients did remarkably well. The dangers of using retrospective controls (2) or comparing data between different centers are well demonstrated.
If cytotoxic drugs are marginally better than inadequate treatment, one might wonder about the
KAPLAN D. Therapies for Lupus Nephritis. Ann Intern Med. 1982;97:454. doi: https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-97-3-454_2
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Think:games blog #3: gamification and games in education
I want to use this blog post to distinguish my project with Think:Games from the more widely known phenomenon of gamification. Since gamification is rising in education quickly, I thought it would be useful to emphasize the similarities and differences between the two, and give some thoughts on how they can support and complement each other.
Gamification is getting much attention already, but you still might not have heard of it. Gamification is the application of game-design elements and game principles in non-game contexts. On his gamification blog, Yu-Kai Chou explains it as follows:
Most systems are "function-focused" designed to get the job done quickly. This is like a factory that assumes that the workers within WILL do their jobs. However, Human-Focused Design remembers that people in the system have feelings, insecurities, and reasons why they want or do not want to do things, and therefore optimizes for their feelings, motivations, and engagement.
The reason we call it gamification is because the gaming industry was the first to master human-focused design. Games have no other purpose than to please the human inside. There are "objectives" in the games, such as killing the dragon or saving the princess, but those are all excuses to simply keep the player happily entertained inside. Since games have spent decades learning how to master motivation and engagement, we are now learning from games, and that is why we call it Gamification.
Basic examples like making a contest out of a chore (who cleans their room the fastest gets a candy) are long known to be effective, but gamification (itself a marketing catchphrase) has gotten more professional, and more and more is being gamified, including businesses, marketing, public policy and teaching. See for example this list of organizations that have succesfully implemented gamification elements into their structure. Organizations look to how games run on intrinsic motivation to use it for their own purposes.
If you want to know more about gamification, Yu-Kai Chou (Twitter) is the guy to go to. He has some interesting talks, a book and the Gamification Daily, a feed of new and interesting articles in the field.
Games in education
So gamification can make nearly anything a game, including a lesson. And in fact more and more teachers are using gamification practices. So what's the difference between gamification in education, and the use of games in education?
Basically, my plea with Think:games is for more games in education, in general. In concrete terms:
- First of all, gamification has a specific function (at least in education): to increase students' intrinsic motivation. Existing games can be used to appeal to or even create intrinsic motivation too, and in this way the two are similar. However, there are more roles games can play in education.
Gaming is a large and growing industry, and increasing numbers of students consume video games in some way. If you count mobile games, nearly every student will regularly play at least one game. In the past teachers have decided that with books, movies and in some cases music and theatre too, it is up to schools to expose students to "the greats" and works that might provoke or expand students' thinking. In my own school, I was taken to a Shakespeare play, I was shown Apt Pupil and Good Bye Lenin!, and I read the great Dutch writer Mulisch. It is time the same is done with video games. When students know only Plants vs. Zombies and Candy Crush, shouldn't teachers show them that games can appeal to higher forms of intelligence, that they can be sophisticated, and that they can even "hit" you like a good movie or book can? Last year saw The Witcher 3 have an astounding amount of freedom and quality narrative, aside from a stunning graphic and musical style. To some people, and I count myself among them, games like these mean more than a movie or a book ever will.
And thirdly, the fact that gaming is a large and growing industry means that more and more people will come to work in this or a related industry. Schools have the objective to prepare students for their professional lives. So it is up to them to give them a clear picture of what games are, what they can be, and also how they are made. In other words: this is a plea for classes like IT/information sciences, but also language and arts classes to acknowledge that games are a serious and legitimate medium, and taking such a class out of a motivation related to gaming is to be taken seriously.
Now, here and there some of this is already happening. But none of it on the scale (or with the coverage) of gamification right now. However, you can already find interesting things by the hashtag #games4ed (because 'games for education' takes up half a tweet). On this blog, I have already covered several games that were not designed for educational purposes, but can be used as such nonetheless!
And while my angle for these games has been mostly philosophy, there are many more subjects about which there are games with educational potential:
- Biology: Gridworld
- History: many games by Paradox Interactive
- Engineering: Kerbal Space Program
- IT/information science: Human Resource Machine
- Social studies: SimCity, Cities: Skylines
- Geography: Fate of the World
- And then there's Minecraft, which is so open and versatile that you can use it for almost anything. For examples check out Glen Irvin.
How can games4ed and gamification support each other?
Gamification is not just a tool for increasing intrinsic motivation. Behind it lies a search for the things that make games so compelling (or even addictive). In other words: gamification is in a sense a study of games. As such, it can be used to analyse existing games before using them in education. It can be used to find out which elements of the game will work and which will not.
The other way around, using games in education could give insight into the motivations and drives of students, which then can be aimed for with gamification techniques. With a game, a teacher could study students' teamwork strategies and design teamwork in class in a similar way.
Do you use gamification or games in education? What worked for you and what didn't? Let me know in the comments!


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ARTISTS, INTELLECTUALS AND IMBECILES (Excerpts)
The Arab universities grow and grow. These are the monsters that Israel allows to be created under its own nose. These are the ones who will lead the terrorists and the "Palestinians" in violent clashes and in revolution against enemies to create a leadership that would urge its people to attack Jews.
But to consider something even more insane – what about the far more serious danger of Israeli Arabs who are being educated daily in the higher universities of Israel? Each and every one of theses students is part of a nucleus of the future revolutionary leadership of a "Palestinian" people inside Israel which will turn the country into a northern Ireland. Knesset member Muhammad Miari of the Progressive List is openly a supporter of the PLO and an opponent of a Zionist State. He is a graduate of Hebrew University. Mahumud Muhareb, then chairman of the Arab Student Committee at Hebrew University and an Israeli citizen of Lydda, told Maariv (January 20, 1978):
"As for me and my personal lot, I am first and foremost a Palestinian, a resident of Lydda. My Israeli citizenship was forced upon me. The law required me to carry an Israeli identity and passport. As a Palestinian, I would prefer Palestinian card and passport. With the final solution common to the Arab of Palestine and Judea, Lydda will be within the sovereign boundaries of a democratic state. What will that state be called?
Palestine naturally….
"We do not recognize the right, which you call 'historic' of the Jewish people in this land-this is our fundamental principle. In this land only the Palestinian Arab people have the historic right."
Mahumud was able to study at Hebrew University thanks to Jewish madmen. Including those Jews who so happily contribute to the school and all the others-Tel Aviv University, Ben-Gurion University, Haifa University. At the latter, the Arab students published a paper called Bian, which said, among other things:
"We are an indivisible part of the Arab Palestine people and the PLO is our sole legal representative…Zionism is a racist colonialist movement."
For who enjoy giving money to "Israel" to help the "Jewish State," take pride in knowing that of the 37 graduates majoring in Chemistry in the Spring of 1984, at Hebrew University, you helped no fewer than 17 Arabs to go to degrees and expertise. What will they do with it? What could an expert in chemistry do?
Prime Minister Peres in the Knesset boasted of the progress made by Israeli Arabs under their friendly and benevolent Jewish democrats. Whereas Israel in 1948 saw an Arab population that was abysmally illiterate, today, said Peres, thee are some 4,000 Arabs studying in the universities of the Jewish state. Indeed, another such "accomplishment" for Israel and we are undone.
But, of course, it will continue, and the growing education of the Arab will not only give him the weapon of knowledge but will create a qualitatively different Arab, totally unlike his pliant fathers. And so, when Yediot Aharonot (March 25, 1986) writes that since 1970 the number of Arab academicians has grown by five times and that the number of Arab high school graduates is now ten times that which it was fifteen years ago, one begins to understand the full extent of the bloody uprising that Israel will see in the near future.
Is there no one who feels that for an Arab to be privileged to receive higher education in the Jewish state he should at least be compelled, as a condition of admission, to state his allegiance to and accept of Israel as the Jewish State? Is that too much to ask before giving Jewish funds-so much of it raised from naive western Jews in the Exile-to Arabs who can use their education to work for Israel's destruction? Are there not tens of thousands of poor Israeli Jews-mostly Sephardic-who would dearly love to get the education and room and board that the Israeli Arabs, who hate Israel, are now receiving? Madness, Jewish madness.
And yet, even this aspect of lunacy cannot quite match another area of Israeli cuckooland. It would stand to reason that the purpose of Jewish schools in the Jewish state is to encourage love and faith and pride in Jewishness and Israel. Surely, that is not too far-fetched an assumption, even in these days of madness. And so it becomes difficult for even a jaded watcher of Jewish cuckooland to understand the decision by liberal, progressive, all-tolerant Ministry of Education to introduce to Jewish high school students books and stories about Arab authors, all of course anti-Zionist and pro-PLO, in order that the young Jew can see "the other side…"
And so, the high schools of Israel have introduced an anthology of stories by Arab authors called A Place on the Face of the Earth. The anthology was compiled by the infamous Van Leer Institute. A den of leftist and defeatist Jews, whose major achievement is to undermine Jewish confidence and certainty concerning the justice of the Jewish cause.
Here is one example of a story in the anthology read by Jewish students who are on the verge of entering the army in order to learn how to fight the Arab enemy. The story is called " The Land of the Sad Oranges," and was written by Asan Kanfani born in Acre, Israel, from which he and other Arabs fled during the war that was launched by them to wipe out Israel. Kanfani was active with the PLO in Lebanon and was killed by a car bomb there in 1972. In the story he describes the flight of his family from Acre to Lebanon in 1948. Consider the education of a Jewish high school student on the verge of his three-year military service. Consider how he will think about the Arabs he is being trained to fight:
"The women went down from the vehicles and walked over to a peasant sitting on the side of the road with a basket of oranges. My father put out his hand to get an orange. He looked at it silently and burst into tears like a baby. In Rosh Hanikra (near the Lebanese border) our car stopped… In my father's eyes there shone the memory of all the orange trees that he left for the Jews, all those good and healthy trees that he bought, one by one. The tears flowed down his cheeks. When we reached Sidon that evening, we became refugees."
What possible impression can this leave on the young Israeli who already suffers from ignorance? An emptiness of soul, a vacuum of ideology. How can he possibly not feel a sense of injustice, guilt (more!)? Who will give him the real story? A Jewish story and truth? Who will give him the real story? Who will teach him the reality of Arab attacks, murder and rape against Jews throughout the 1920's and 30's and 40's. The reality of Arab armies and mobs screaming for the throwing of the Jews into the sea as they rejected the very idea of a Jewish State in 1948? Who will tear apart the tissue of Arab lies to tell Jewish youth that the orange groves would have remained along with their Arabs had the Arabs not attacked the Jews? Who will tell the Jewish youth that it was a Divine blessing that the Arabs fled and have them consider what would be our fate today had they not? Madness, madness.
The artists, the intellectuals, the destroyers of the Jewish State. Those who so desperately need their own private couch; those who drive us to the national one.
Other glimpses from the couch: [next week]
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- hired photographer and DJ, visual projector & helium balloon tank
- free parking as arranged by event hosts
- hosts provided promotions, invitations, decorations
venue: Red Light Cafe
This type of event includes: cabaret/burlesque entertainment show
- venue rental only with decor
- outside cash bar and bar staff
- budgeted food minimum with outside caterer
- hired photographer, DJ & performers
- outside vendors providing "atmosphere"
- free parking as arranged by event hosts
- hosts provided promotions, invitations, VIP arrangements, & prize giveaways
venue: Le Maison Rouge | Paris on Ponce
This type of event might include: weddings, reunions, productions, dance/formal balls
- venue rental requiring a food and beverage minimum
- No outside bar or catering permitted; must use their preferred caterers and bar-tending
- use of their preferred professional photographers, DJ's, decorators, vendors
- valet parking for larger guests accommodations
- provided publicity to the general public or privately invited guests
- overnight hotel stay arrangements, limo and/or car services, buses
venue types: Hotels, resorts, theaters, wedding halls


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After the discovery of the body's natural endocannabinoid system, researchers and scientists have started putting more time into exploring what effects cannabinoids have on the treatment of human and animal ailments. The following are the 6 most active and best-known cannabinoids and how they are believed to affect both human and mammal health: Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol – THC THC is the well-known cannabinoid and the primary psychoactive constituent of cannabis. THC has been used in the treatment of chemotherapy-associated nausea and vomiting. It is also used to stimulate the appetite and increase food intake in AIDS and cancer patients. Additionally, THC has been tested on brain cancer cells and has been found to inhibit the growth of brain tumors. Furthermore, THC has shown pain-reducing, anti-tremor, and anti-inflammatory properties. While Blue Zone Ohana Organics CBD hemp oils and concentrates do not contain THC (less than 0.3%), I still felt this cannabinoid was worth mentioning. Cannabidiol – CBD CBDs hold the highest promise for the use of cannabis in the treatment of serious medical conditions. CBDs have been tested in the treatment of cancer cells and are found to significantly inhibit cancer cell growth. They also assist in the uptake of other cancer drugs, increasing their effectiveness. Other research has also identified CBD to have anti-inflammatory and pain reducing properties, and others believe CBD has anti-convulsant, anti-psychotic and neuroprotective properties. CBDs are also known to alleviate some of the psychoactive effects of THC. CBD is non-psychoactive, therefore creating zero euphorias or "high". Industrialized hemp variety cannabis Sativa contains the highest amount of CBD and is where we source our beautifully healing whole plant hemp CBD oil for Blue Zone Ohana Organics, LLC. Cannabidiolic Acid – CBDA CBDA is not psychoactive. Cannabis research suggest that CBDA offers relief with seizures and seizure disorders, is neuroprotective, and anti-proliferative, making it ideal when fighting cancer. It also is a powerful anti-inflammatory and has anti-bacterial properties. Cannabinol – CBN CBN is a mildly-psychoactive cannabinoid known as the sleep-inducing part of the cannabis plant. It increases the drowsy and dizzy effects of THC. High-CBN strains are being used as sedatives and sleep-aids for those suffering from insomnia. Some studies have been exploring the potential use of CBNs in the treatment of osteoporosis. Cannabichromene – CBC CBCs are being evaluated for their anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-fungal properties. Research has shown that CBC's anti-inflammatory activity is superior to those of anti-inflammatory drugs. CBCs have also been identified as having significant anti-depressant effects, contributing to the overall mood-elevating properties of cannabis. Finally, CBCs may also increase the viability of developing brain cells, a process called neurogenesis. Lack of growth in the hippocampus part of the brain during old age is believed to contribute to disorders such as Alzheimer's and depression. Cannabigerol – CBG CBG has been somewhat understudied, but research has shown that CBGs have a profound effect on the body's cannabinoid receptors. Thus they work with other cannabinoids to provide overall synergy and balance. CBGs have been found to have an anti-nausea and anti-vomiting effect, as well as reduce pain and ease inflammation. CGBs are also known to increase the fluid drainage from the eye and reduce the amount of pressure when treating glaucoma. (Industrialized hemp strains have been found to have the highest levels of CBG when compared to other cannabis Sativa strains.) Tetrahydrocannabivarin – THCV THCV can be most commonly found in the cannabis varieties indigenous to central Africa. THCV is being researched as a treatment for metabolic disorders such as diabetes and obesity. Research has shown that THCV helps produce fat loss and results in an increased sensitivity response to insulin. Mounting research continues to establish a strong case for the miraculous healing capabilities of cannabinoids. Global support of cannabis plant cultivation and continued scientific research will lead to more availability of various cannabis strains specifically designed to have high doses of certain cannabinoids and thus serve as safe medication for horrific and chronic ailments. The use of medical marijuana and cannabis-derived medicines in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, epilepsy, chronic pain, diabetes, multiple sclerosis, insomnia, depression, etc., will continue to grow. Cannabis may yet become one of the most useful natural remedies to some of the most crippling diseases of mankind. At Blue Zone Ohana Organics, LLC, because we only extract from certified organic whole plant industrialized hemp, the cannabinoids CBD, CBDA, CBN, CBC, and CBG create a full spectrum of cannabinoids, creating a synergistic effect with each other and the natural terpene content also present in our CBD oils. Otherwise known as the "entourage effect," this brilliant interaction between all create amplified efficacy as well as provide added relief and healing to specific conditions. Why receive one cannabinoid when you can receive the whole plant full spectrum of CBD, CBC, CBN, and CBG cannabinoids in Ohana Hemp Organics CBD hemp oils and Ohana Hemp Pet CBD hemp oils for our animal companions.
4 thoughts on "CANNABINOIDS EXPLAINED"
Brandy says:
It works really well for me
Earthlabfoundation.org says:
Thanks to the great manual


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Summer camps for kids are not just for fun as most people like to think, rather they are carefully designed to transform the way children think, talk, and behave. Every time a child accomplishes a new goal or project he is encouraged to take on the next challenge without any trepidation. Summer camps for kids can play an important role in developing your child's self-esteem and help them to acquire new skills in areas hitherto known or even unknown to them such as sports, computers, art, writing and more.
The Robert Winsor Institute has been providing coaching sessions for children, giving them a platform for expression and a great sense of poise, focus, and self-confidence.
Along with incorporating self-esteem in a diffident child, summer camps for kids also strengthen the core relationship skills in him. In fact, it may revolutionize the way a child perceive, talks, or conduct himself by transforming him into more confident and self-assured person. Robert Winsor Institute summer camp which has been designed to give one-on-one, interaction between counselor and campers along with well-rounded activity programs specifically focusing on the interests and capabilities of each child will result in happy, mature and confident kids. Your child will return home cheerful with a new level of energy, self-esteem, positive attitude and improved social skills after a summer filled with lots of fun activities that interested him.
Robert Winsor Institute summer camps for kids ensure that your child does not experience any bullying or untoward behavior while away from home. Our qualified, experienced councilors bring out the best in each child by paying special attention to their behavior and counseling them accordingly.
Kids tend to forge new friendships in a safe and healthy environment as they together enjoy activities that interest them. They learn to express themselves more freely and effectively. When your child's special talents are nurtured in the safe environment it bolster his self-esteem and improve his skills in subjects of his interest such as computer science, arts, sports, creative expression etc. Since every child is unique, it is important to identify their individual needs depending on their age, skills, hobbies and interests. And thats exactly The Robert Winsor Institute has been working since its inception.
Not unlike other LA Based institution offering summer programs, our Robert Winsor Institute Institution does not guaranty a successful pilot season. However our children are the busiest kids in the business.
We have an arrangement with a lot of local hotels in LA and OC. We have lodging opportunities in Santa Barbara, but remember that the work is in LA and that acting lessons there at our Santa Barbara facility, are not as readily available as they are at our LA and OC offices.
For more details please click here


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Bunn Gourmet: Pease's at Bunn Gourmet's freakishly good shakes
Have you tried the freak shakes at Peace's at Bunn Gourmet? If not you need to mark your calendar for this Friday at 4pm. You can risk going a little later, the shakes are available from 4pm to 9pm, but it's not uncommon for ingredients to run out by 8pm. We took the team to test out the latest shakes on offer, birthday cake and chocolate caramel waffle cone, and the place was packed!
Pease's at Bunn Gourmet general manager and executive chocolatier Robert Solomon said the shakes had grown in popularity since the launch in June when online 13 were sold. "We listed the start time as 4pm, but people will start coming in at 3pm asking for them. Last week we sold 118 and were wiped out by 8pm."
Robert decided to launch freak shake Friday at Pease's at Bunn Gourmet when he caught wind of the 'craze' online. "I was just looking on the web and saw the trend started last year somewhere. We put our spin on them and voila," he said.
Upcoming August flavors include milk and cookies, chocolate brownie explosion, raggedy Ann, vanilla butter cake, peach blueberry cobbler, and chocolate peanut butter Cup.
Send us your pics of freak shake Friday at Pease's at Bunn Gourmet and we'll share them on facebook.com/est.1821
For updates, photos, videos, and more, follow Pease's at Bunn Gourmet
August 2017 flavors
Friday, August 11th: Milk and cookies, chocolate brownie explosion
Friday, August 18th: Raggedy Ann, vanilla butter cake
Friday, August 25th: Peach blueberry cobbler, chocolate peanut butter cup


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Watch Isiah Factor Uncensored on FOX 26 Houston
Investigators in Montgomery County say in March information was developed about the sale and distribution of marijuana, marijuana wax, and marijuana infused edibles in the Montgomery County area. On March 27 members of the Montgomery County Narcotics Enforcement Team (MOCONET) and Conroe Police executed a Narcotics Search Warrant in the 19000 block of FM 1314 in Conroe, Texas.
As a result of the search warrant, approximately 10.6 pounds of hydroponic grown marijuana, 14 kilograms of marijuana infused edibles, 11 ounces of marijuana wax, 302 marijuana infused Vape pens, $11,639 in U.S. Currency, and 2 firearms were seized.
As Detectives were conducting their investigation and performing a search of the premises, multiple vehicles arrived on location throughout the night, driven by individuals coming to purchase narcotics from the occupants of the residence.
As a result of this investigation, five individuals were taken into custody.
Daniel Marquardt, Shannan Moore, and Cody Pittman were all placed in custody for Manufacture/Delivery of a Controlled Substance (First Degree Felony) and Money Laundering (State Jail Felony). Donald Sullivan was taken into custody for Possession of a Controlled Substance (Third Degree Felony), and Walter Cordaro was taken into custody for Possession of Marijuana (Misdemeanor B).
MOCONET is a cooperative, multi-agency task force which consists of law enforcement agencies from the Montgomery County Sheriff's Office, Walker County Sheriff's Office, Montgomery County Precinct 4 Constables Offices, Texas Department of Public Safety-CID, Montgomery County District Attorney's Office, Walker County District Attorney's Office, Customs and Border Protection – Houston Air and Marine Operations, and Homeland Security Investigations. Participating agencies recognize that a special collaborative effort is necessary to more effectively combat the drug distribution and collection of drug proceeds throughout the area.
The Montgomery County Sheriff's Office encourages those who have knowledge of illegal narcotics use or sales to please contact Montgomery County Crime Stoppers at 1-800-392- STOP
One 3/24/17 around 2:30 a Pct. 4 deputy witnessed several individuals walk underneath a bridge just north of Northpark on Highway 59. The deputy couldn't stop at that time since he was enroute to back up another deputy. Soon after he returned and walked under the bridge he witnessed Russom, Eric 3/29/75 from Splendora, TX, Arriola, Jonathan 6/4/99 from Kingwood, TX and Rybinski, Gabriel 7/29/98, also from Kingwood, TX all spray painting the structure under the bridge. An investigation also showed Russom to be in possession of marijuana "wax". All three subjects have been charged with felony graffiti and Russom also charged with felony possession of a controlled substance.
Constable Hayden stated he's proud of his deputy's actions. They go above and beyond daily, getting out of their vehicles and investigation suspicious activities which lead to arrests and ultimately making the area a great place for you and your families.
Russom, Eric (date of birth 3/29/1975) State Jail Felony – Graffiti State Jail Felony – PCS (wax marijuana)
Arriola, Jonathan (date of birth 6/4/1999) State Jail Felony – Graffiti
Rybinski, Gabriel (date of birth 7/29/98) State Jail Felony – Graffiti
Isiah Factor Uncensored with Paul Wall, Baby Bash, and more! (3-24-2017)
Crime Stoppers and The Texas Attorney General's Office – Houston Fugitive Apprehension Office, need the public's assistance locating Fugitive Alvin Eugene Johnson.
On August 31, 1976, Johnson was convicted of Sexual Assault of a Child in Harris County, TX and sentenced to 2 years confinement. The victim was an 11 year old female.
On September 30, 2015, the Texas Board of Pardon and Parole issued warrant #02039356 for Johnson who is currently on parole for Delivery of Cocaine.
On September 20, 2016, the Harris County Sheriff's Office issued warrant #1524376 for Fail to Comply as a Sex Offender.
Johnson is described as a black male, black/gray hair, brown eyes, 5'9″ tall and weighs approximately 170 lbs. Johnson has tattoos on his right forearm and chest.
Crime Stoppers will pay up to $5,000 for information leading to the charging and/or arrest of the suspect in this case. Information may be reported by calling 713-222-TIPS (8477) or submitted online at www.crime-stoppers.org. Tips may also be sent via a text message by texting the following: TIP610 plus the information to CRIMES (274637). All tipsters remain anonymous.
The Factor has learned a veteran Houston police officer has left the force while facing an internal investigation.
Our sources say officer Bruce Johnson, who's been with the department for 22 years, is retiring.
This comes after he found himself the target of an internal investigation.
You may remember it was back in February when Johnson shot a man who was burglarizing his home.
He says he received an alert on his phone that his home was being targeted.
Johnson was relieved of duty that day because there were questions about him also physically assaulting the suspect.
HPD confirms Johnson's retired on March 9th.
Previous report on Johnson:
HOUSTON (FOX 26) – Houston police say an off-duty officer shot a man several times after he caught him breaking into his home. The officer, Bruce Johnson, a 22-year HPD veteran, received a message on his phone from his alarm system that there was an intruder at his house.
When he got to his house on Yorkdale Road, authorities say he saw the man attempting to leave his house, with several of his items.
The man, who police describe as a black male in his 30s, apparently pulled a pickle knife out of his pocket and attempted to lunge at Johnson.
Chief Art Acevedo says that's when Johnson discharged several rounds of ammunition, striking the suspect numerous times.There was also a physical altercation. When police arrived, they found the suspect wounded on the street.
He was transported to Ben Taub Hospital where he underwent surgery. HPD says his status is not known, but he was shot numerous times. Officer Johnson did not sustain any serious injuries.
"When you have somebody in full uniform, in a full police uniform and you start fighting that individual and you pull a weapon on them you can almost be assured you're probably going to get shot, you don't take out a weapon and engage a person in this uniform," said Houston Police Chief Art Acevedo.
Officer Johnson has been placed on administrative leave while HPD conducts its criminal and administrative investigation.
There will be more than 100 residents traveling to Austin TOMORROW from Houston and Dallas to speak at the TxDOT Transportation Meeting.
At last month's meeting, Senator Borris Miles raised the issue of the lack of minority contractors being selected for projects relating to the Highway 288 Project, located in his district (Senate District 13).
TxDOT originally committed to 12% of contractors selected would come from their Disadvantaged Business Enterprise program.
Miles says to date, they have only been able to commit to a 6% DBE participation rate, with less than one percent going towards African American contractors.
More than 100 residents will be traveling to speak at the TxDOT Transportation Meeting from HOUSTON and DALLAS to share why minority participation is important to the community.
TOMORROW, March 28, 2017
Ric Williamson Hearing Room on the 1st Floor
125 East 11th St.
Austin, Texas 78701
On March 27, 2017, Defendant Jeffrey Michael Chaney, 59, pled guilty and was sentenced to 60 years for Aggravated Assault with a Deadly Weapon, a 2nd Degree Felony. The plea and sentencing took place in the 435th District Court, Judge Patty Maginnis presiding.
On Sunday, July 3, 2016, Crystal Rushmore's estranged father, the defendant Jeffrey Michael Chaney, accosted her at her apartment complex as she was putting her one month old daughter into the car. He persuaded her to return with him to her apartment so that they could speak. Once inside the apartment the defendant began telling Crystal that he was high and had done something very bad and was going back to prison. Based on his words and actions, Crystal began to fear that her father was about to rape and murder her and her infant child. The defendant pulled a large carving knife and held it to Crystal's throat demanding money to help him get out of town and forced her to drive him to the Wells Fargo Bank on West Davis Street in Conroe where he planned to empty her bank account. When the defendant exited the car at the bank, Crystal drove away and called law enforcement. The defendant was located by the Conroe Police Department shortly afterwards walking down FM 2854 in Conroe.
On the day of trial, faced with a litany of punishment evidence, including the victims of his prior convictions for Aggravated Sexual Assault of a Child and Burglary of a Habitation, the defendant decided to plead guilty and accept a 60 year aggravated prison sentence. The defendant will not be eligible for parole until he is almost 90 years old. He is presently on parole for Burglary of a Habitation, which does not expire until 2040.
Lead Prosecutor Amy Waddle: "The defendant has devastated too many lives during his time in the free world, but no more. His 60 year sentence will hopefully mean a lifetime of peace for those he has victimized."
On Thursday, March 23, 2017 Judge Kathleen Hamilton in the 359th District Court
sentenced Joseph Kevin Adamick to Life in prison on Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child.
This was after a jury of Montgomery County citizens found him guilty on February 3, 2017.
This Life sentence is for offenses that occurred between May and October of 2014. On
October 24, 2014 officers were dispatched for a report of sexual abuse involving a child
as young as four years old. The children were then interviewed at Children's Safe Harbor
and had Sexual Assault Nurse Examinations. During this process, Detectives learned that
this Defendant had sexually assaulted three children under the age of ten over a course
of time, on multiple occasions, and across multiple county lines.
Detective Shannon Spencer, who is assigned to the Special Victims/Crimes Against
Children Unit, conducted the investigation for the Montgomery County Sheriff's Office.
During the investigation, Det. Spencer discovered other prior victims for which Adamick
had never been prosecuted. The case was charged by the District Attorney's Office as
Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child, involving 3 victims and two counties. The charge
carried a range of punishment from 25 years to Life in prison, with no possibility for
parole. After five days of testimony, the jury found the defendant guilty as charged of
Continuous Sexual Assault of a Child. The defendant elected to go to the Judge for
During the punishment phase of the trial, Assistant District Attorneys Rochelle Guiton and
Lora Ciborowski presented evidence to the Judge about three additional victims of sexual
abuse. After hearing evidence of three more victims, Judge Hamilton rendered her
verdict of Life without parole. The Defendant had only one prior felony conviction for
theft and other misdemeanor convictions, including Assault Family Violence and


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Toyota Rush Expected to Launch in India in 2018
in Toyota
in Toyota
The 2018 Toyota Rush will launch in Indonesia in 2018. Also, speculations are rife that the Rush SUV will even make it to India next year. The 2018 Toyota Rush will be an all-new model that will use in amply from the Daihatsu DN-TREC concept. So far, Toyota Kirloskar Motor hasn't been vocal about its plans to launch this small SUV in India. However, speculations are rife that the next-gen of the Rush will launch in India with Diesel and petrol engines. This will give Toyota, a much-revered name in the premium SUV segment, a presence in the more mainstream small SUV segment. The current Rush is based on the Daihatsu Terios. The 2018 Toyota Rush India launch will possibly take place in late-2018 and the next-gen model will go on to challenging the likes of Hyundai Creta and Renault Duster.
The next-generation model will see a lot of design cues being carried over from the Daihatsu DN TREC concept. The 2018 Toyota Rush that you see in the renderings here is fundamentally a long wheelbase version of the aforementioned design study. The render here shows that the production model could actually use chrome in place of the red highlights on the concept. So far, not much has been known about the 2018 model of the firm's minor SUV. However, the like the first-gen model, the new SUV could come in short- and long-wheelbase versions. The longer version could launch in developing markets like that of Indonesia and India.
The 1st-generation Rush gave Indian market a skip owing to the lack of a Diesel engine. Shoehorning an oil-burner into the current model's engine-bay was seen as an unfeasible move by the company. This is because the current-generation is forthcoming the end of its lifecycle. The second-gen of the small SUV, however, will have both Diesel and Petrol engines when it launches in India. Akin to the current model, the next-gen will be based on a semi-monocoque chassis. Presently, the Rush gets its juice from the 3SZ-VE 1.5-litre VVT-i petrol engine that outputs a supreme power of 109 PS and a highest torque of 141 Nm. The Indian version of the 2nd-gen model could share its Diesel engines with the Corolla.
The company has so far shown no inclination towards launching the Rush moniker in India. This is simply because the present model is unfitting for Indian conditions owing to lack of a Diesel engine. Speculations are rife that the company will launch the next-gen SUV to India. Hence, a late-2018 launch date can't really be ruled out. The 2018 Toyota Rush will first launch in Indonesia. Consequently, it will probably come to India and cater to small SUV buyers. You can safely watch this space for latest news updates on 2018 Toyota Rush India launch date.


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AutoCodesOBDII Code ListB0145 CHEVROLET
B0145 CHEVROLET - Auxiliary Mode Actuator
Possible causes
- Faulty Auxiliary Mode Actuator
- Auxiliary Mode Actuator harness is open or shorted
- Auxiliary Mode Actuator circuit poor electrical connection
- Faulty Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) Control Module
Possible symptoms
- Engine Light ON (or Service Engine Soon Warning Light)
B0145 Chevrolet DescriptionThe Auxiliary Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) actuators are a 5-wire bi-directional electric motor that incorporates a feedback potentiometer. Low reference, 5-volt reference, position signal, and 2 control circuits enable the actuator to operate. The control circuits use either a 0 or 12 volt value to coordinate the actuator movement. When the actuator is at rest, both control circuits have a value of 0 volts. In order to move the actuator, the HVAC control module grounds one of the control circuits while providing the other with 12 volts. The auxiliary HVAC control module reverses the polarity of the control circuits to move the actuator in the opposite direction. When the actuator shaft rotates, the potentiometers adjustable contact changes the door position signal between 0-5 volts. This signal then is converted into a count value where as 1 volt will equal 51 counts.
The auxiliary HVAC control module calibrates the travel range of the HVAC door actuators when it is initially powered by the battery positive voltage circuit. During calibration, the module commands the actuators in each direction until door travel is stopped. The module stores the minimum door positions and the maximum door positions of each actuator into memory. The total travel range is calculated by subtracting the minimum door position from the maximum door position.
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B0145 CHEVROLET CommentsHelp us improve AutoCodes.com. Leave a comment below or tell us if the information above help you fix the code. What are the symptoms on your vehicle for the B0145 Chevrolet code? Have you replaced any parts?
Any information is appreciated. Thanks


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In this application, we propose to investigate how IL-22 reduces inflammation-induced pulmonary fibrosis by decreasing cxcl9 expression through IL-22 receptor signaling and STAT3 activation in lung epithelial cells. Using a model of hypersensitivity pneumonitis and lung fibrosis caused by repeated exposure to the common environmental microorganism, B. subtilis, we recently reported that IL-22 decreases CXCL9 levels in the lung, Since CXCL9 functions to recruit CXCR3-expressing cells to sites of inflammation, IL-22 reduced accumulation of fibrosis-promoting CXCR3+CD4+ T cells in the lung by down-regulating expression of the CXCR3 ligand, cxcl9. In preliminary experiments, we identified cxcl9 expression in lung epithelial cells. Collectively, this supports our hypothesis tht IL-22 decreases expression of cxcl9 in lung epithelial cells through IL-22 receptor signaling and STAT3 activation resulting in protection against B. subtilis-induced lung inflammation and fibrosis.
In Aim 1, we test the hypothesis that IL-22 down-regulates expression of cxcl9 in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and Clara cells. If IL-22 does not decrease cxcl9 expression in lung epithelial cells, the application is designed to address not only where cxcl9 is expressed in the lung but also whether cxcl9 is down-regulated in response to treatment with IL-22.
In Aim 2, we test the hypothesis that IL-22 requires STAT3 activation to down-regulate expression of cxcl9 in lung epithelial cells. As a direct extension of Aim1, Aim 2 investigates whether IL-22 receptor signaling through STAT3 activation reduces cxcl9 expression in lung epithelial cells. Again, if type 2 alveolar epithelial cells and/or Clara cells do not require STAT3 activation to decrease cxcl9 expression, the application is designed to answer where STAT3 is activated and whether IL-22 requires STAT3 activation to down-regulate expression of cxcl9. Therefore, completion of the proposed studies will either demonstrate that IL-22 reduces cxcl9 expression through STAT3 activation in lung epithelial cells or will identify which other cells in the lung not only express cxcl9 but also whether IL-22 down-regulates cxcl9 expression through STAT3.
Hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is a lung disease caused by repeated exposure to inhaled particles. Chronic inflammation occurs in the lung of patients who are repeatedly exposed to a wide variety of inhaled particles including bacteria such as Bacillus subtilis. In addition, chronic inflammation can cause scarring of the lungs or pulmonary fibrosis. Pulmonary fibrosis occurs in up to 41% of patients with HP resulting in irreversible lun dysfunction with a 5-year mortality of 27% and median survival of 13 years. In a mouse model of HP induced by repeated exposure to the environmental microorganism, Bacillus subtilis, specific cells of the immune system, T cells, express a molecule named IL-22 which suppresses the development of pulmonary fibrosis. The goal of this grant application is to define the mechanism by which IL-22 protects the lung from chronic inflammation and fibrosis caused by repeated exposure to B. subtilis.
|Wehrmann, Fabian; Lavelle, James C; Collins, Colm B et al. (2016) ?? T cells protect against LPS-induced lung injury. J Leukoc Biol 99:373-86


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As product sourcing and formulations proliferate and organizations expand into new markets on a global scale, initiatives such as the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals (GHS) and the Registration, Evaluation and Authorization of Chemicals (REACH) add to the challenge of staying current with compliance requirements, including the proper management of material safety data sheets (MSDS) and labels. In addition to maintaining compliance with ever-changing and increasing agency-driven requirements, consumers expect complete transparency and a commitment to producing greener products.
Varying implementation and requirement timelines for GHS and REACH are a constant challenge. Both regulatory initiatives mandate comprehensive document updates to achieve compliance. The volume impact of the proposed OSHA GHS rule is estimated at nearly 1 million documents (MSDS). As a result, corporate strategies for managing MSDS are or have undergone significant modification. Comprehensive inventory management and data management partnered with capable, compliant and timely MSDS authoring are critical components of a REACH- and GHS-compliant MSDS management program.
Accurate chemical inventory management is the cornerstone of any comprehensive MSDS management program. Under REACH, obtaining and maintaining raw material MSDS and the full composition of mixtures helps companies identify the category individual substances fall into: manufactured within the EU, imported into the EU or purchased from a supplier within the EU.
Companies also must identify each substance's tonnage and current classification. An equally important necessity is access to and evaluation of comprehensive product and substance level information. The sources for this data are far from singular, and the expertise required to interpret and evaluate critical classification (i.e. hazard determinations) requires time and expertise.
While authoring accurate and compliant MSDS always has been a mission-critical obligation, the advent of REACH and GHS bring new challenges. For higher volume substances, the company must attach an exposure scenario to the MSDS. The exposure scenario describes how the chemical can be used in a safe manner, with no risk, for the intended use. The exposure scenario either can be for each of the substances in the chemical product or for the mixture as such. Companies should obtain the necessary overview of the REACH regulation as it stands today and dissect how it relates to their chemicals and their supply chain. Manufacturers, users and distributors should be aware of not only their own obligations, but also their obligations to downstream customers and employees.
Choosing the Right Tools
Many companies are realizing that implementing GHS and REACH compliance activities into their organizations is no easy task. However, there are tools available to help companies manage the increasingly complex and changing global chemical regulatory obligations associated with GHS and REACH.
For example, there are several content tools on the market that can be used to feed chemical regulatory data into corporate EHS and MSDS authoring systems. These integrated data tools provide efficient change management and regular updates as regulations change and new versions are released. These tools can help ensure correct, consistent GHS classification and labeling according to the UN purple book and also take into consideration the national deviations and other nation-specific regulations. Document templates for producing MSDS, labels and other hazard communication documents and multi-lingual phrase libraries also are available.
Companies also may choose to employ outsourced services for their GHS classification of substances and mixtures as a separate service or as part of outsourcing MSDS and label authoring.
In-house MSDS authoring staff may want to consider upgrading to an authoring platform that will help generate hazard communication documents to meet GHS-related international regulatory compliance and business requirements. This platform should provide full support for hazard communication and classification and labeling requirements to generate globally compliant MSDS and label documents. The system should accommodate the requirements outlined in the GHS, consisting of the classification of substances and mixtures according to their health, environmental and physical hazards and hazcom requirements for labeling and MSDS.
For inbound vendor MSDS management, users will want to search, print, view and email vendor and raw material MSDS in a company-specific database via a Web browser interface. As GHS requirements increase the burden of vendor MSDS management, a robust MSDS management system can help reduce the time and resources necessary for effective compliance management. Employee training will be required to familiarize those who use, store and transport regulated materials with the changes in format and content.
Creating, analyzing and managing globally compliant MSDS, product label content and hazardous materials transportation documents that reflect both GHS and REACH requirements can be extremely challenging. Strong processes, applications, systems and service providers are needed to support the various aspects of compliance management. Now might be the right time for organizations to evaluate their MSDS and labeling compliance programs, as a stand-alone operation or part of the greater whole (overall chemical management compliance). Scrutinize your current processes, evaluating and identifying compliance gaps. Create a comprehensive new policy or revise your existing policy to reflect impending regulatory change. Sell it as a priority so that all levels of the organization have and maintain a strong sense that the company places top priority on compliance with internal EHS policies.
One aspect that often is overlooked, but is critical to performance, is budget allocation. Squeezing dollars out of an existing budget is a tough task. So, as we near fiscal year end, proactively approach the subject of the dollars that will be required to maintain compliance.
Kami Blake is a solutions engineer with 3E Co. In this role, she provides technical expertise to assess regulatory requirements, information management technology and analysis of existing hazmat programs to develop compliance solutions. Tamie Webber has worked in product management at 3E Co. for several years and is responsible for product management initiatives, product planning and strategies and product development for 3E's product line, including MSDS distribution and management, emergency response, regulatory reporting, training and waste services.


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I'm back from a quick trip to Michigan. The Great Lakes Software Excellence Conference was taking place and my talk had been accepted. My talk was titled Breaking the Law of Bureaucracy (I'll upload my deck in a few days) and the topic was Servant-Leadership. Though I really enjoyed giving my talk, the best part of my visit was all of the people I interacted with. I finally met Casey DuBois, a guy I've known via email and phone for over a decade. We used to do business together (long distance) and this meetup was a long time coming. Next, I met several people from Atomic Object and drank a bunch of their coffee. Later, I met the organizers, sponsors, and other speakers who made the conference happen. And to think that was just Friday. Saturday went by way too fast. Everything ran very smoothly. I gave my talk, we played Simon Says and Red Light Green Light, and I even had an opportunity to meet Ben Lichtenwalner from ModernServantLeader.com. If I could have done anything more, it would have been attend more of the sessions. The speakers and content were top notch.
It was really exciting to talk to a few local startups from the Grand Rapids area and to hear about a local incubator called Momentum. It made me realize the importance of local incubators and helping startups succeed. These startups have solid ideas! I'd write about them now but I want to have standalone posts for them.
So, I'm going to keep this short.
Thank you to Grand Rapids for a truly awesome experience. A very special thank you to Mr. Casey DuBois for his amazing hospitality.


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Feb.24-28. Sojourn Theatre's "How to End Poverty in 90 Minutes (With 199 People You May or May Not Know." Neely Auditorium.
Organized by Leah Lowe (Theater), in collaboration with the Eos Project. firstname.lastname@example.com
This participatory theatre event is created by the Sojourn Theatre group, and emphasizes Nashville community material and local engagements. It is developed by a Vanderbilt student cast trained in this innovative methodology to raise awareness and engage civic dialogue about social issues.
Performance times: Wednesday, Feb.24 at 8:00pm, Thursday, Feb.25 at 8:00pm, Friday, Feb.26 at 8:00pm, Saturday, Feb.27 at 8:00pm, Sunday, Feb.28 at 2:00pm.
This event is co-sponsored by the Program in Environmental and Sustainability Studies.


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We don't have to pay attention too closely to hear messages from people telling us things that we do not want to hear. These messages originate from varied communication methods we access in the public domain and from the people with whom we work, live and love. The messages relate to all kinds of matters: what we put on or in our bodies to what we put through and in our minds. The packaging of these messages can be harsh, loving or somewhere in between. Because these kinds of messages do not feel good, our first defense is to deflect, deny or destroy them by whatever means we have at our disposal. And yet, even though these messages may be unasked for, unexpected, unrefined and even hurtful ... some of them, maybe even just a few might actually contain something of value.
In Torah this week Moses and the Israelites receive a decidedly unfriendly message. In the portion that bears his name, Korach (with some of the Israelites firmly behind him), stands up to threaten the authority of Moses and the Levites. Korach and his followers joined together and confronted Moses: "You have gone too far! For all the community are holy, all of them, and the Eternal One is in their midst. Why then do you raise yourselves above the community of the Eternal One?" (Numbers 16:3) In the account that follows in the Torah (and in the generations of commentary, as well) Korach and his followers are taken to task for their arrogance and ambition. Korach's rebellion ends as he confronts Moses before the entire community in a high-noon-esque showdown ... and he and his band are swallowed up by the earth.
It does not seem that Moses or God had any intention to listen to their claim that the entire community should enjoy access to divinity and the holiness that follows such access. And while the form and presentation of the message may have been suspect, the actual message seems downright, uh ... Jewish. At least to my contemporary Jewish ears. Despite their dramatic reaction and violent rejection of Korach, it seems that the core of Korach's idea has some staying power. How many of us - if reading Korach's statement completely out of context - would disagree or even reject its meaning? And yet, the people who delivered that message - one that Moses and the Levites did not want to hear - were deflected, denied and summarily destroyed.
I would not suggest every message we hear has the same amount of accuracy or truth. I would suggest that there is probably a significant amount of truth that we reject out of hand because we are not open to hearing it. It may be the messenger or the way that message is delivered that turns us off ... that turns on the mechanisms of deflection, denial and destruction. Whatever it is, we allow that kernel of truth to be swallowed up so that it is out of sight and out of mind - just like Korach. And so, we may miss out on important truths -- truths that help us grow as individuals or ones that help us to understand the people who bring us these truths and in turn strengthen our relationships and our communities.
There is a Korach out there who will soon confront and challenge you ... pay attention and listen before you deflect, deny and allow him and his message to be swallowed up.
Welcome to Mo-Drash ... the weird confluence of the Jewish tradition of Midrash and me!
What is Midrash? Literally, the word derives from the Hebrew root that expresses interpretation. Figuratively, it is the process by which Jews read between the lines of our sacred stories and seek insight from what we discover from each story, verse, word, letter and stroke of the pen.
Who am I? My name is Adam Morris, but known by many as Rabbi Mo. I spend a lot of my time serving in the role of rabbi, but I am also a husband, a dad, a runner and a 'weekend' craftsman (among other things). I try to move like Abraham to find my Place ... to wrestle like Jacob to know my Place ... and to snicker like Sarah to keep me in my Place.
B'makom she-ani omayd (from The Place where I stand),
Rabbi Mo
Tuesday, June 4, 2013
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Metal composite technology can play the advantages of each group of materials, realize the optimal allocation of material resources, save precious metal materials, achieve a single metal can not meet the performance requirements, it can replace imports and fill the gaps in the domestic, but also has a wide range of applications, with good economic and social benefits, Easy access to all aspects of support and help. such as the development of stainless steel composite materials has been the National Commission and Reform, the Ministry of Science and Technology actively support, advocated High-tech projects.
The development potential of the traditional metal composite is improved because of the function of the heterogeneous metal composite and its low cost and wide application. With the strengthening of the implementation of national environmental protection industry policy, the application of rare metal composites in the power flue gas desulfurization equipment has been increasing, while the localization of the chemical industry has been greatly accelerated and the development of rare metal materials has provided a good opportunity for development.
The support of national industrial policy, the high technical barrier and the demand of industrial upgrading provide a broad space for the development of the industry. Metal composite plate is a layer of metal covered with another metal board, has achieved in the use of the effect (anti-corrosion performance, mechanical strength, etc.) under the premise of saving resources, reduce the cost of the effect.


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What's the absolute best way to identify terrible tech companies? Ask them to show (instead of "sell" you on) exactly what the company values.Read More
Although it often feels that way, it isn't only moms who struggle to re-enter the workforce: anyone with a lengthy gap in their employment history can face a rough return to professional work.Read More
Résumés are cultural artefacts — often, they tell us more about the writer's culture than we realize. DO'S & DONT'S Would you list your marital status and/or number of children on your professional summary? If you apply for a job in Austria, you might put this on your CV. Do you include a staged, unnaturally-lit photo of […]Read More
There's a scene in the series 'Mad Men' where the ad team preps to pitch to Menken's department store and a new face is brought forward. "I had to go all the way to the mail room to find him," one of the team says.Read More


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Amidst spirited, sometimes emotional discourse, the nationally publicized competitive bidding surrounding acquisition of Banks Holdings Ltd. (BHL), brewer of Barbados' iconic Banks Beer appeared to have reached a conclusion. Confirmation that Brazilian beer giant AmBev, through its St Lucian-based subsidiary SLU Beverages, acquired 6,054,354 BHL shares at BDS$7.10 per share on the floor of the Barbados Stock Exchange was communicated by CEO and board chairman G. Anthony King's December 4 circular.
Purchase, the circular reports, took AmBev's holdings beyond the controlling 50 per cent threshold. Yet, weeks later, controversy appeared unsettled as Banks DIH (BDIH), the Guyanese-based sister company, issued a public statement claiming sale of its 6.7 per cent shareholding
to SLU could not give AmBev control of the required 50 per cent of BHL's issued shares. We shall return to significant implications of the BDIH statement.
Immediately, however, we make one thing clear. This controversy generating "bidding war" as it unfolded between AmBev and Trinidad's ANSA McAL provides a teachable moment for understanding business development and economic growth, which Barbados and CSME states should carefully note as background to setting economic policy. It raises a range of complex important issues which cannot be discussed adequately in a 750-word column; so I try to do so in three parts.
They include the role and function of public limited liability companies, stock exchanges and financial intermediation, corporate governance and shareholder rights, duties and responsibilities of corporate boards and executives and last, but certainly not least, impacts of foreign investment on national development.
Corporate enterprise. Historically, created by legislation, the joint-stock company allowed stocks to be purchased by shareholders acquiring right of transfer either for consideration or as gifts, with no resultant direct impact on the existence or operations of the company. Across jurisdictions in capitalist "market" economies, modern corporate law recognizes such companies at incorporation –– the act that confers upon the entity a legal personality separate and distinct from that of shareholders.
This characteristic –– settled corporate law –– follows the landmark case Salomon v Salomon & Co Ltd (UK 1897). Additionally, a common feature of such companies is limited liability –– shareholders incur liability for company debt obligation to a value no greater than actual money invested.
Considered fictional, artificial, legal or moral rather than a "natural" persons, corporations legally mimic natural persons' actions. They may borrow, effect contracts, raise money directly from the public, sue to obtain redress in disputes, and so forth. But owners, shareholders, are shielded from corporate losses, overhanging debt obligations.
These and other features of a public corporation create the possibility of securing greater financing through sale of stock. Shareholders benefit from a limit to their liability while simultaneously enjoying potential gains from share ownership limited only by the level of skill and effectiveness with which the corporation deploys and manages its productive resources.
There is thus a predisposition among asset holders to embrace share ownership. It becomes obvious that enterprises requiring investment finance much larger than might be available to a small but innovative corporation become feasible with enhanced access to financial capital.
Caribbean stock exchanges. With thoughts in the late 1940s and early 1950s of self-government and ultimately Independence from Britain, major economic problems for the post-war Commonwealth Caribbean were poverty and unemployment. Arthur Lewis advocated industrialization as a partial solution, seized of the critical role investment capital plays for plant, equipment and infrastructure. He proposed incentives to attract foreign capital, know-how, and so on.
Upon attainment of Independence creation of stock exchanges became a goal of economic policy. The reasoning was simple. An underdeveloped economy both lacks investible capital and provides limited choices among instruments of wealth holding. Apart from cash in safes or mattresses, savings accounts, land and other physical asset holding –– all dormant, inactive non-wealth-generating assets –– little else existed.
The range of financial instruments available, apart from those managed by a few established law firms investing client funds, was zilch.
As Jamaica, Trinidad and Tobago, Barbados and Guyana established stock exchanges the question was: which businesses would list? Transitioning from plantation-based export sugar production and attendant commerce funded mainly by bank overdraft, retained earnings and family wealth would not be easy.
After Independence, apart from international banks and insurance companies (don't fault me for not mentioning Barbados Mutual and Jamaica Mutual plus building societies –– they're for a much longer story), manufacturing subsidiaries of foreign firms and a few majors in oil and mineral extraction, local manufacturing, distribution and service firms were generally owned, operated and/or controlled by small groups of families. Indeed, early research by Barbadian business analyst Stanley Reid
on Jamaica's Stock Market listed companies and their board membership control put the number at 21.
In such circumstances a generalized system in which a larger proportion of the population participates in ownership in the economy could not be achieved merely by creating stock exchanges.
Thus efforts were made to educate the public about the benefits of investment, money management and participation in the fledgling stock exchanges. Mind you, available funds in the hands of the public were minuscule and listed companies routinely offered a mere rump of their shareholding. Majority shares typically in excess of a range from 50 to 70 per cent of the stock remained in the hands of controlling groups.
Weaknesses of Caribbean stock exchanges. Money has been described as a "temporary abode of purchasing power". Money supply, what macro and monetary economists refer to as M1 or M2, is the most liquid form of asset –– cash or near cash. Holding cash however, incurs costs: expensive safes and security guards, loss of potential interest income and inflation-linked value reduction. Stocks bear no such deficiencies; yet, though not providing liquidity equivalent to cash, they come close. They do so, however, only if the stock market in which they are traded is "broad, deep and resilient". So what do we mean by this?
Optimally, investors purchase shares in the certain knowledge that they may sell whenever they wish at a market price that is fair, consistently and continuously knowable. This is defeated if trading is constrained.
The BHL deal typifies this problem. The immediately previously known BHL Stock Market value was BDS$2.50 per share. ANSA McAL's CEO Nicholas Mouttet indicates when bidding commenced ". . . Banks shares were at $2.50. AmBev
is buying at $7.10 which is almost three times the market value at the time, thanks to our actions. The same thing occurred with BS&T (Barbados Shipping & Trading)".
Fact is, everybody knew Banks shares were considerably undervalued. Absent continuous trading in the stock little or no relevant information feeds into market decision making hence stock price. Of Caribbean stock markets, Jamaica's comes closest to –– though not yet achieving –– the characteristics described as "broad, deep and resilient".
Yet Bloomberg on December 23 rated the Jamaica Stock Exchange (JSE) the world's top-performing stock market for 2015. JSE rose more than 80 per cent during the year with 57 stocks traded. Barbados' Stock Exchange lists less than half that of the companies on the JSE and trades much fewer hours per week. Caribbean stock markets are infants –– miniscule compared to say the NYSE. Their growth, credible regulatory oversight and evolving corporate law reform do, however, provide enhanced opportunities for economic growth in the region.
(Wilberne Persaud is an economist. Email [email protected])


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Ex-boyfriend testifies that Linehan 'buffaloed' several men
ANCHORAGE, Alaska - Another boyfriend of a former Anchorage stripper linked to a 10-year-old slaying testified Wednesday that the exotic dancer used her good looks and played the part of a damsel in distress to bilk him of tens of thousands of dollars.
But what was most remarkable was the breathtaking deception with which Mechele Linehan of Olympia seemingly balanced the multiple men in her life, Brett Reddell said when he took the witness stand in the murder trial of John Carlin III. She strung them along and teased them, never giving them quite what they wanted in order to keep the money coming.
"We all got buffaloed," he said, in an interview after his testimony.
Linehan is scheduled for trial in September. She is in Olympia out of custody on conditions of release. She has pleaded not guilty to her murder charge.
The last time he saw the Great Alaskan Bush Company dancer was just before she vanished from Alaska with his pickup, which Reddell didn't get back until three years later.
Prosecutor Pat Gullufsen called Reddell to the stand in Anchorage Superior Court to show how men were hooked on Linehan. His case asserts that Carlin, one of several fiances, was so in love with her that he would do anything for her - including kill for her.
He said of Carlin at the time of the May 1996 slaying: "His purpose is to please her. He wants to do whatever he can, he would even lose his own life to make her happy."
Defense lawyers have said Linehan was a manipulator who could have used any number of men to pull the trigger to kill another fiance, Kent Leppink, whose bullet-ridden body was found off a road near Hope. Or, she could have done it herself, they say.
Linehan, who has not been able to defend herself against the accusations coming from both sides, is scheduled to go to trial on a first-degree murder charge in September.
Reddell, 45, lives in Anchorage now, but back in the mid-1990s he was a single father of two children working a construction job in Barrow, he told the jury on Wednesday. He met the stripper at the Bush Company while visiting Anchorage.
While Linehan was engaged simultaneously to the murder victim, the defendant in the case, and a third man, Scott Hilke, Reddell was the boyfriend in Barrow whom she would ask for money for everything from mortgage payments to car payments when she needed it.
Just like the others, Reddell said he was surprised to find out there were other men involved with Linehan.
It was only after investigators interviewed him after the murder that he realized, "I was probably the lowest man on the totem pole," he said.
"She had her ring going," he said. Him in Barrow. Hilke in California. Leppink often in Bristol Bay fishing. And, Carlin in Anchorage.
The relationship between Reddell and Linehan started by visits to the strip club and him showering the dancer with cash, he said. They started dating long-distance shortly thereafter.
She was very pretty, he said, but it wasn't just her looks that drew men in. "It was the way she talked. She was magnetic," he said.
She would tell him that despite the fact that she could make thousands of dollars a night dancing, she was struggling financially. He sent her cashiers checks and he let her use his credit card, he said.
Linehan often talked about money, he said. "She always said she was going to be rich. Her goal was to have lots of money."
In the one year of their relationship, Reddell testified that he only slept with Linehan once.
The last time Reddell heard from Linehan was in 1996 when she borrowed his 1994 pickup and drove to Louisiana. She was supposed to drive back to Alaska but never did. He retrieved the truck from New Jersey three years later.
Reddell only knew of Carlin through Linehan, he said. He met the man just once.
"She utilized so many people in so many ways. It's disgusting what she's done," Reddell said, outside the courtroom.
But he counts himself lucky. At least he's not dead, he said.


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If you are not happy about this, you need to join High Flying Women.
The greater numbers we have the more change we can make happen... so ideally we won't have to wait until we are retirement age to see equality in the workplace.
Visit www.highflyingwomenuk.com and join us.
The UK's gender pay gap — the difference in how much men and women are paid hourly on average — rose from 19.7% in 2014 to 20.8% in 2015, the biggest increase of any Europe's main economies. The latest figures show the UK's gap was bigger than the EU's average pay gap, which stood at 16.3%, and the UK performed fifth worst for gender pay equality of all the major European economies. Germany was third worst, at 22% in 2015, while the Czech Republic's gap was about 23% and Estonia's was about 26%. According to EU figures, the gap is equivalent to women continuing to work for the remainder of the year but not being paid after early November.


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Polyurethane Faux Leather by the Yard
Palazzo's polyurethane upholstery faux leathers are an excellent alternative to genuine leather. Our polyurethanes are becoming increasingly popular. Polyurethane looks and feels like genuine leather, but is environmentally friendlier and PVC free. We continue to add to our polyurethane collection, and don't forget, we offer free samples.
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Agily app goals overview (video)
This video will give you an overview of the goals.
From the main navigation menu click on Goals.
Your goals are displayed under "My Goals" tab.
The "Team Goals" tab lists all goals that you have permission to see but have someone else as the delegate. The tabs "My Actions" and "Templates" will be covered in a separate video.
Goals are displayed in a compact card which shows their title, delegate, last update time and progression among some other icons.
When a card is pressed an expanded view of all its information is displayed. Now the goal has a description and a detailed metric graph.
Actions and Comments related to the goal are displayed here too.
Other Information is displayed at the bottom such as the goal owner, delegate and reporter or who else is able to see it.
The goal owner, delegate and reporter can update the data displayed on the graph by clicking on the "Show data" button.
Now that we understand goal, let's create one ourselves. There are three ways of creating a goal: by duplicating another goal, from a template or from scratch.
We'll find out how you can create a goal from scratch in the next video.


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From the eyes of Syrian refugees
March 15 - As Syrians mark the second anniversary of the uprising that has descended into sectarian war and left 70,000 dead, refugees in camps along Lebanon seem more concerned with their material despair. Mana Rabiee reports.
The two-year mark. In Syria's second city, Aleppo, hundreds observed the second anniversary of their uprising earlier this week. (SOUNDBITE) (Arabic) SYRIAN PROTESTER, ABU WISSAM, SAYING: "We have given many martyrs, and we are willing to sacrifice more martyrs. We will not be satisfied until we have a just Islamic nation that conforms to the ballot box and to the will of the people." In this refugee camp in Tripoli, Lebanon, Syrians dismiss questions about the uprising. Instead, they talk about their material despair. (SOUNDBITE) (Arabic) SYRIAN REFUGEE, ABU SLEIMAN, SAYING: ''We have four families in every tent, the size of the tent is 3 by 4 meters, there is not enough space for four families in it, the children are crowded.'' The UN says it's the children who suffer the most. These boys are among the one million Syrians displaced in the conflict. The trama of war follows them to this Tripoli classroom. (SOUNDBITE) (Arabic) SYRIAN REFUGEE CHILD, HUSSEIN, SAYING: "I saw our bread seller getting beaten with a hammer on his head... his brains lay next to his head.'' The conflict seems stuck in a diplomatic and military stalemate, with the international community for now remaining on the sidelines.