Vita Sackville-West, byname of Victoria Mary Sackville-West, married name Victoria Mary Nicolson, (born March 9, 1892, Knole, Kent, England—died June 2, 1962, Sissinghurst Castle, Kent), English novelist and poet who wrote chiefly about the Kentish countryside, where she spent most of her life.
She was the daughter of the 3rd Baron Sackville and a granddaughter of Pepita, a Spanish dancer, whose story she told in Pepita (1937). In 1913 she married Harold Nicolson, a diplomat and author. Her poetic gift for evoking the beauty of the English countryside was recognized in her long poem The Land (1926). Apart from her many novels, of which the best known are The Edwardians (1930) and All Passion Spent (1931), she also wrote biographies and several gardening books. She was the chief model for the character Orlando in the novel of that title written by Virginia Woolf. In 1948 she was made a Companion of Honour.
Portrait of a Marriage (1973) by her son Nigel Nicolson is based on his mother’s journal detailing her sexless friendship with her husband and her love affair with another woman. Dearest Andrew: Letters from V. Sackville-West to Andrew Reiber, 1959–1962 (1979) reveals her life to a gardening friend.