Major Equipment 1.	Beckman Allegra X-15R Tabletop Centrifuge (Rotor: FX6100) 2.	Beckman Optima TLX Ultracentrifuge (Rotors: TLA-100.4, TLA-120.2) 3.	Beckman Optima Max-XP Ultracentrifuge (Rotors: TLA-100.4, TLA-120.2) 4.	Beckman L8M-80 Ultracentrifuge (Rotors: 50.2Ti, 42.1 Ti) Special Equipment: Nanosight LM10-HSBF Nanoparticle Characterization System. Introduction I. Basic Principles Within a specially designed and constructed laser illumination device mounted under a microscope objective, particles in the liquid sample which pass through a beam path are seen by the instrument as small points of light moving rapidly under Brownian motion. The Microvesicle core Nanosight has the visual laser and measures (i) particle/vesicle size, and (ii) particle/vesicle number. II. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) applied to the study of microvesicles Microvesicles (100nm-1µm diameter) and exosomes (30 to 100 nm diameter) are small membrane vesicles secreted by most cell types, e.g. normal, diseased, and neoplastic cells and are present in blood and other bodily fluids. They contain a variety of molecules including signal peptides, mRNA, microRNA. It is significance in the development of vaccines, in targeting tumors, and in diagnosis and/or early detection. These microvesicles are a very hot current topic, and this biotechnology has cross research focus area potential for both research and therapeutic uses in AIDS/ID, Cancer/Reproduction, Cardiovascular/Metabolic, and Neuroscience.