In chapter 17, Moore et al. review how the four pillars of SANREM (participation, landscape scale, multiple stakeholders, and interdisciplinarity) were applied in the Commune of Madiama. In the list of lessons learned, they highlight the difficulties involved in establishing and maintaining full participation of and communication between all stakeholders in the context of power relations and traditionally excluded groups. Building social capital and co-management agreements is a long term and iterative process requiring that project and government development agents be well-trained and integrated within the community in order to empower the population to act on its own behalf.