The conjunction while is used with the following meanings.
The girls danced while the boys sang.
While in London, he learned music.
While I admire your courage, I think you ought not to go on this dangerous journey.
The book would be useful to you, only it is expensive.
She is a pretty girl, only she squints a little.
The day is pleasant, only it is slightly cold.
Without is no longer used as a conjunction meaning unless. In older English it was possible.
Without can be used as a preposition. In this case it is followed by a noun.
We cannot play without his permission.
Except is no longer used as a conjunction. In older English it was possible. In modern English, except is used as a preposition.
Everybody had a prize except me.