The purpose of the present article is to present an issue of development of educational care over mentally handicapped children till the year 1989. For education since a very long time occupied one of the main positions among social tasks, but initially it referred only to the individuals who didn’t vary from standard. Educational care over mentally handicapped children goes back to not so distant times. Importance of educational and rehabilitation work with these people increased and unquestionable dynamism of mental handicap gives hopes of achievements in this field. The reason of this situation is a development of an idea of humanitarianism, social readiness to help people who are weaker and less proficient. Furthermore, a scientific progress is essential as well as social and economic considerations. Subjective treatment of a human being’s development, positive thinking concerning chances of development of an individual as well as focus on possibilities of realisation by each person is an appeal, law and a duty that is noticed in individual and social aspect.