Course Description The course deals about the development and use of advanced engineering methods for high-fidelity simulations of surgical and interventional treatments of the cardiovascular system. The introductory section deals about the requirements of a simulation environment for cardiovascular surgery, with recalls concerning in-vivo animal testing limitations and the current regulatory scenario. The central part of the course is focused onto experimental and computational methods for the simulation of cardiovascular surgery. The experimental section provides the criteria for design and setting-up of mock circulatory loops, from traditional apparatuses to the recent techniques for the development of realistic simulation phantoms. In the computational section, the modelling approaches for developing and using virtual phantoms are treated, from the reconstruction of geometries from medical images, to the practical simulation of surgical devices and procedures. The final section of the course deals about the integration of experimental and computational aspects, using some real-world applications as case-studies.