A new high temperature brazing technology for the repair of turbine components made of single crystalline nickel based superalloys has been developed. It allows the repair of single crystalline parts by producing an epitaxially grown braze gap within very short times. In contrast to commonly used brazing technologies, the process is not diffusion based but works with consolute systems, particularly nickel-manganese alloys. Brazing experiments with 300 μm wide parallel braze gaps, as well as V-shaped gaps with a maximum width of 250 μm, were conducted. Furthermore, thermodynamic simulations, with the help of THERMOCALC software, Version TCR, were carried out to identify compositions with a suitable melting behavior and phase formation. With the new alloys complete, epitaxial bridging of both gap shapes has been achieved within brazing times as short as 10 min.
Antony, K. C., and Goward, G. W., 1988, “Repair of Air-Cooled Turbie Vanes of High-Performance Aircraft Engines—Problems and Experience,” Sixth International Symposium on Superalloys , pp. 745–754.
Brauny, P., Hammerschmidt, M., and Malik, M., 1985, “Repair of Air-Cooled Turbie Vanes of High-Performance Aircraft Engines—Problems and Experience,” Mater. Sci. Technol., 49 (1), pp. 719–727.
Idowu, O. A., Richards, N. L., and Chaturvedi, M. C., 2005, “Effect of Bonding Temperature on Isothermal Solidification Rate During Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Inconel 738LC Superalloy,” Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 397 (1-2), pp. 98–112.
Idowu, O. A., Ojo, O. A., and Chaturvedi, M. C., 2006, “Microstructural Study of Transient Liquid Phase Bonded Cast Inconel 738LC Superalloy,” Metall. Mater. Trans. A [CrossRef], 37 (9), pp. 2787–2796.
Li, W., Jin, T., Sun, X., Guo, Y., and Guan, H., 2002, “Transient Liquid Phase Bonding of Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloy CMSX-2,” J. Mater. Sci. Technol. [CrossRef], 18 (1), pp. 54–56.
Hoppe, B., 2003, "Verhalten gelöteter Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen unter thermischer Ermüdungsbelastung", Der Andere Verlag, Osnabrück.
Duvall, D. S., Owczarski, W. A., and Paulonis, D. F., 1974, “TLP-Bonding: A New Method for Joining Heat Resisting Alloys,” Weld. J. (Miami, FL, U.S.), 53 (4), pp. 203–214.
Ellison, K. A., Lowden, P., and Liburdi, J., 1994, “Powder Metallurgical Repair of Turbine Components,” ASME J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power [CrossRef], 116 , pp. 237–242.
Heikinheimo, L. S. K., Laukkanen, A., and Veivo, J., 2005, “Joint Characterization for Repair Brazing of Superalloys,” Weld. World, 49 (5/6), pp. 5–12.
Heine, B., 1995, “Hochwarmfestigkeit von Nickelbasis-Superlegierungen für den Gasturbinenbau aus metallkundlicher Sicht,” Z. Metallkd., 49 (6), pp. 393–400.
Jung, J.-P., Lee, B.-Y., and Kang, C.-S., 1993, "International Trends in Welding Science and Technology: Proceedings of an International Conference", pp. 1101–1105.
Kim, D. U., 2001, “Isothermal Solidification and Single Crystallization Behaviors During TLP Bonding of a Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloy,” Journal of the Korean Institute of Metals and Materials, 39 (5), pp. 589–594.
Nishimoto, K., Saida, K., Kim, D., and Nakao, Y., 1998, “Bonding Mechanisms of Ni-Base Single Crystal Superalloy During Transient Liquid Phase Bonding,” Weld. World, 41 (2), pp. 121–131.
Ramirez, J. E., and Liu, S., 1992, “Diffusion Brazing in the Nickel-Boron System,” Weld. J. (Miami, FL, U.S.), 71 (10), pp. 365–375.
Schnell, A., 2004, “A Study of the Diffusion Brazing Process Applied to the Single Crystal Superalloy CMSX-4,” EPF de Lausanne.
Massalski, T. B., 1988, "Binary Alloy Phase Diagrams", American Society for Metals, Metals Park, OH, Vol. 1 .
Bürgel, R., 2001, "Handbuch Hochtemperatur-Werkstofftechnik", Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsges mbH, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden.
Villars, P., "Pearson’s Handbook", 1997, ASM International, Materials Park, OH, p. 44073.
Meurer, B., Spencer, P. J., and Neuschütz, D., 2003, “Simulation of Solidification and Heat Treatment of Nickel-Base Superalloy SC-16,” Z. Metallkd., 94 (2), pp. 139–143.
Schatt, E., and Worch, H., 1996, "Werkstoffwissenschaft", Deutscher Verlag für Grundstoffindustrie, Stuttgart.
Kamohara, S., Funamoto, T., Yasuda, K., Yoshinari, A., and Shibayangi, T., 1993, “Liquid-Phase Diffusion-Welding of Single-Crystal Nickel-Base Superalloy,” "International Trends in Welding Science and Technology: Proceedings of an International Conference", pp. 1089–1093.
Sahm, P. R., Egry, I., and Volkmann, T., 1999, "Schmelze, Erstarrung, Grenzflächen", Vieweg & Sohn Verlagsgesellschaft mbH, Braunschweig, Wiesbaden.
Laux B, Piegert S, Rösler J. Fast Epitaxial High Temperature Brazing of Single Crystalline Nickel Based Superalloys. ASME. J. Eng. Gas Turbines Power. 2009;131(3):032102-032102-8. doi:10.1115/1.3026576.