Li Yufei, Bai Junqiang, Guo Bozhi, Yang Tihao, He Xiaolong. Studying Design of Wingtip Devices with FFD(Free From Deformation) Technology[J]. Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2015, 33(4): 533-539.
Abstract: First we explore the influence on the aerodynamic characteristics of the tilt angle, height and angle of the installation of the blended winglet. Then, we build the optimization system with FFD technology, Latin hypercube sampling method, Kriging surrogate model and the improved particle swarm optimization algorithm. We apply this system to the blended winglet; through the appropriate arrangement of the FFD control body frame we achieve a framework for FFD parameterized design of multiple control winglets. Optimization results show that the drag of the designed blended winglets decrease obviously as compared with that of the original configuration. Compared with the parameter analysis of those three wingtip devices ("wingtip extension", "eddy diffusion" and "double fork scimitar"), we draw some valuable conclusions for the design of wingtip devices.
Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University, 2015, 33(4): 533-539.