surface radiance or reflectance with atmospheric correction (DOS method).
metadata file then the command line values are used.
the output raster and it is not included in the equations.
images  are first converted first to at-sensor radiance and then to at-sensor reflectance.
at-sensor temperature in Kelvin degrees.
highest and the lowest points of the range of rescaled radiance in QCAL.
and Esun is the mean solar exoatmospheric irradiance in W/(m&sup2; * &micro;m).
and/or reflectance), but this option is ease with uncorrected method and r.mapcalc.
object, i.e. DN with a least 'dark_parameter' (usually 1000) pixels for the entire  image.
parameters used in the transformations.
Remote Sensing, vol. 41, no. 11.
Improved. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing 62(9): 1025-1036.
Dynamic Ranges, Exoatmospheric Reflectances and  At-Satellite  Temperatures.
EOSAT Landsat Technical Notes, No. 1.