"The establishment of online discussion forums has opened up a new range of interaction between different members of the online community on the Internet. Particularly, online discussion forums have established new forms of communication as masses of people can read responses and have access to the information provided there. At the same time, online discussion forums offer private /interpersonal-like communication . . . "
27) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr and Zahra Karamad (2008). The Microstructure and Elements of Persian Crucible Steel, Pāyām-e Bāstānšenās (Journal of the Archaeology of the Islamic Azad University of Abhar), Volume 5, No. 9. Spring and Summer 2008, pp. 6–26.
"This article deals with an analysis of the components of crucible steel, which was made in Iran. This analysis is very important so one can learn about the internal structure of this precious steel. Because all physical attributes of this type of steel such as sharpness, flexibility, sturdiness, white lines set in blackish/grayish background are all due to the elemental components of this type of steel and as well due to the processes of making crucible steel, forging, quenching, and tempering. To understand the components and the internal structure of the crucible steel some samples were taken from four antique Persian swords kept in the Cultural Institute of Bonyad. . ."
26) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). The History of Persan Šamšir. Pāyām-e Bāstānšenās (Journal of the Archaeology of the Islamic Azad University of Abhar). Volume 4, No. 8. Autumn 2007 – Winter 2008, pp. 9–18.
"The objective of this article is to give a short overview of šamšir ﺷﻤﺷﻴﺮ and describe its etymological meaning. First, I will explain this type of weapon and its origins. Then, I will provide a short description of different types of magnificent Persian watered steel patterns that were produced from steel made in crucibles. Another section of this article deals with different parts of a šamšir ﺷﻤﺷﻴﺮ . . . "
25) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). East Meets West: Iranian Military Swords 1794– 1925. Classic Arms and Militaria, Volume XV Issue 5, pp. 42–46.
the army. Abbās Mirzā, the second son of Fath Ali Šāh Qājār, was appointed crown prince in 1213 Hegira (1798 AD) and died in Mashad in 1249 Hegira (1833 AD), was the commander of the whole Iranian army during the Iranian-Russian wars. . . . "
24) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Eisen, Stahl und Schmiedetechniken: Al-Jamahir fi Marefat al-Jawaher, das Manuskript des persischen Wissenschaftlers Abu Reihan Beiruni. Hephaistos, 9/10, pp. 60–61.
"Abu Reihan Beiruni, der berühmte persische Philosoph, Astronom, Chemiker, Historiker, Geograf und Geologe, wurde im Jahr 973 n.Chr. in Kharazm geboren. Er starb im Alter von 77 Jharen 1049 in Indien. Nachdem er in seiner Geburtsstadt erste Ausbildungen . . ."
23) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Edged Weapons: Qame and Qaddāre Short Swords of Iran. Classic Arms and Militaria, Volume XV Issue 4, pp. 46–50.
"Easily as striking as the famous and elegant shamshir, the qame and qaddāre enjoyed a broad popularity and widespread use among the armies of Iran for centuries. However, there is considerable confusion as to the precise definition and categorisation of these swords – with good reason, . . . "
22) Moshtagh Khorasani; Manouchehr (2008). Reviviendo el Arte Ancestral de Elaborar Acero Persa al Crisol para Armas Blancas. Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas, Volumen 3, Número 2 (66–79), pp. 66–79.
"Este artículo pretende explicar tres métodos tradicionales para elaborar acero persa al crisol, así como describir los recientes intentos de tres herreros alemanes para reproducir los resultados de la elaboración tradicional de este tipo de acero. El artículo explicará el proceso para elaborar acero al crisol, desde la fabricación de los bloques de acero y su forja en barras, al pulido y grabado de las mismas para revelar el patrón del acero al crisol. . . ."
21) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Persische Krummdolche. Militär & Geschichte, Nr. 40. August/September 2008, pp. 44–49.
"Der Krummdolch (Xanjar), Plural Khanjarha (Xanjarha), mit seiner geschwungen doppelschneidigen Klinge gehört vor allem im persischen Kulturkreis zu den häufig vorkommenden und typischen Waffen. . . ."
20) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Um 1196 Beschrieben: Nitrieren mit Entenkot. Hephaistos, 7/8, pp. 24–25.
"Nach dem auf Arabisch verfassten Buch Al-Jamahir fi Marefat al-Jawāher, das vom persischen Wissenschaftler Abu Reihān Beiruni geschrieben wurde, ist das Javāhernāme-ye Nezāmi das wichtigste Buch in persischer Sprache, das von Edelsteinen, Metallen, Metalllegierungen und Email handelt. "
19) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). El Shamshir Persa: Historia y Orígenes. Memoria la Historia de Cerca, Número XI, pp. 106–107.
"El término shamshir es oriental, remontándose su origen al idioma persa medio. En lengua persa actual el término se refiere a la espada, a todo tipo de espadas, y su raíz etimológica hemos de buscarla en la era anterior a la conquista musulmana de Irán, . . ."
18) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Der Schwanz des Löwen. Schwert und Klinge, Sommer 2008, pp. 18–23.
"Die Qualität und die Schönheit des persischen Damaststahls faszinieren seit Jahrhunderten viele Sammler, Kunstliebhaber, Schmiede, Kampfkünstler und Forscher. Immer wieder wird mit diesem Material das persische Schwert „Shamshir“ (Šamšir) in Verbindung gebracht. Außerhalb des Irans wird in der Literatur mit diesem Begriff fälschlicherweise meist ein Säbel mit einer starken Krümmung assoziiert. . . ."
17) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Edged Weapons: The Pishqabz Fighting Dagger. Classic Arms and Militaria, Volume XV Issue 3, pp. 29-33.
"A pishqabz (pišqabz) is an elegant weapon from the Iranian arsenal with special characteristics: it has a double-curved blade, the edge initially concave but ending in a convex tip, often of a reinforced thickness. Another characteristic of this weapon is the T-spine which extends along the back edge to the sharpened concave of the blade tip, . . . ."
16) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Damast-Stahl Härten mit Kuhmist und Salz. Hephaistos, 5/6, pp. 16–17.
"Das Manuskript wurde in Fachkreisen außerhalb Irans bislang noch nie besprochen. Dort ist es aber unter verschiedenen Namen bekannt wie "Goharname", "Joharnameh" und "Javaharname". Es behandelt die Bearbeitung von Steinen, Halbedel- und Edelsteinen sowie von Metallen, darunter auch Eisen und Stahl . . "
15) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Edged Weapons: The Persian Kārd. Classic Arms and Militaria, Volume XV Issue 2, pp. 25–29.
"The kārd is one of the many forms of highly collectable Persian knives which frequently come up for sale at auction. It is the short, single edged weapon in the Iranian arsenal, its literal translation being ‘knife’. . . ."
14) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Waffe und Luxusgegenstand. Messer Magazin, April/Mai 2008, pp. 80–84.
Waffe, die im heiligen Buch "Avestā" erwähnt wird. Dort wird es als Karéta bezeichnet, was eine Ableitung vom Verb Karét (schneiden) ist. . . ".
13) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Härten und Einfärben von Damaszenerklingen. Hephaistos, 3/4, p. 48–49.
12) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Reviving the Ancient Art of Making Persian Crucible Steel for Bladed Weaponry. Journal of Asian Martial Arts, Volume 17, Number 1, pp. 54–67.
"This article is intended to both explain three traditional methods of manufacturing Persian crucible steel and to describe recent attempts by three German bladesmiths to replicate the results of traditional crucible steel making. The article will explain the process of making crucible steel, from the making of crucible steel cakes and forging of crucible cakes into bars to polishing and etching thesebars to reveal the crucible steel pattern. . . . "
11) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Dragons Teeth: The Straight Swords of Persia. Classic Arms and Militaria, Volume XV Issue 1, pp. 21–25.
"A linguistic analysis of different Iranian manuscripts from a variety of periods when swords with curved blades were predominantly used, shows that straight, double-edged swords were also much in evidence. This often comes as a surprise to the Western researcher, . . . "
10) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Kārds for Kings: The Magnificent Persian Kārd: A Symbol of Power and Beauty. Tactical Knives, pp.50-53.
"Most readers have heard about or seen the legendary Persian damascus (crucible steel) blades. These are blades made of legendary crucible steel that are not only beautiful and pleasing to the eye but are highly efficient blades in terms of cutting performance and edge retention. . . ."
9) Moshtagh Khorasani, Manouchehr (2008). Schwerter, Muster und tiefe Wunden. Hephaistos, 1/2, pp. 14–15.
"Mohammad Ibn Mansur, besser bekannt als Mobarakshah Fakhr Modabar, geboren wahrscheinlich im Jahr 1131 oder im Jahr 1141, beschreibt in seinem bedeutenden Manuskript Adab va al Harb va Shojae (Die Bräuche des Krieges und des Mutes) verschiedene Schwerttypen. . . "