If there is one quintessential task a startup CEO needs to be in charge of is not letting the company running out of money. Being on top of your Financial Model and business budget can make a difference and can enable managers and founders to make game-changing decisions. To give you an example, about nine months ago a quick prediction in our financial model enabled us to make our company profitable while duplicating our marketing budget.
The spreadsheet we use is an evolution of a template created by our investors at Carao Ventures. Over the years, I’ve simplified it to remove unnecessary modules and adapted it to serve the purposes of our SaaS business model. I’ll include a download link at the bottom of the article and elaborate on the main features we used to make the model work in our favor- it should work for most companies.
All financial models are spreadsheets, and my best suggestion is to go with Google Sheets, which will not only allow you to keep int in sync with other teammates but to automate certain task and data inputs based on your other spreadsheets in the cloud.
I ran a quick Google Search for ‘Startup Financial Models’ and came across a few subscription tools that offer this service. Again, I encourage you to use a more ‘universal’ platform that will allow you to share it with anyone. All the formulas I use I found with Google Searches and adapted them to my needs.
This is a custom page that you should build based on your most immediate needs. No formulas should be calculated here; this should just reflect important lines and results for your current company status: if you’re running low on cash, this should be very focused on your bank statements. If you’ve just raised money, then this should be modified to look into your expansion budget.
The Summary Spreadsheet also holds the Dashboard. A list of variables that you can comfortably adjust here, and measure their impact on the financials for the future.
This is a standard Financial Statement sheet taking into account Income, Balance Sheet, and Cash Flow.
This sheet should be adapted based on your Business Model. A SaaS product, for example, should have MRR and Churn as the core drivers/variables, while also accounting for estimated user cost of acquisition vs. monthly marketing budget.
This is the main expenses sheet and the one you will want to update on a regular basis based on your week over week spend. For a long time, I took over the task if syncing this with our debit card/bank statements at the end of the month, and have recently delegated this to our office manager.
There’s a little debate over what should go here on an internet business. While COGS usually tracks the cost of production goods, we’ve started using it for services that are essential for our app to be live, including for example AWS and Intercom (one of the most important tools in our growth and customer success efforts).
Finally, this is where you manage physical assets and equipment. As a tech company, most of our CAPEX is on laptops and some office furniture, but we account it nonetheless, along with its estimated depreciation.
Obviously, this is a blank canvas since all businesses behave differently, and it probably looks like a lot of (boring) work to get from here to a fully working document. Well, that’s true.
Still, I’m going to highlight certain parts of it to give you an idea of projections that you can eventually automate using our template. It’s hard to fake such complex data, so some of these screenshots actually belong to our live working model.
Gray text: Variables and manual inputs.
Blue text: Formula results (avoid modifying).
Predictable Revenue is one of the reasons why I love SaaS businesses: once you have a good idea of your CAC and your Churn, you can pretty accurately estimate you much money you are going to be making in X amount of time or increasing your marketing budget by Y. These values are tracked in the Revenue Spreadsheet.
CAC Trend: As your budget grows, your CAC will tend to increase, and you should account for that in your model.
Max/Min CAC: Maximum and minimum Cost of Acquisition.
Marketing Budget: The estimated marketing spend for a given month (this data is imported from the SG&A spreadsheet).
Marketing Budget Scale: How much is the budget climbing month over month; this is usually a percentage increase.
Churn Rate: Expected cancellations every month.
Note that most of this data is calculated automatically based on a few inputs (blue font = formulas/automatic data; gray font = variables/manual inputs).
In our particular case, we use ChartMogul to track our SaaS metrics, so we make a CSV export every month to make sure we update this data with the actual numbers.
CAC Trend is a variable we like to use to account for increases/decreases in our Acquisition Costs. For example, if you increase your marketing budget by 3x from one month to the next, you can’t expect similar CAC results.
This is where CAC Trend comes in handy. If you are becoming more efficient in acquiring customers (like we did when we invested in SEO), your CAC will go down. If on the other hand, you rely heavily on paid acquisition, your CAC will inevitably increase as you spend more, and you’ll want to account for that in your model.
CAC Trend: +$5 per user (monthly increase).
When we joined the Profitable Startups club, we did it by hacking the MRR to Revenue value on this spreadsheet.
The monthly revenue of a SaaS business is usually a little higher than the MRR, because of pre-paid, yearly subscriptions. In our case, our Net Revenue was usually around 1.05x to 1.1x MRR, but by motivating users to subscribe to yearly plans, we were able to increase it to 1.3x. This meant that an MRR of $20,000 would result in around $26,000 of monthly revenue.
The Payroll section of your SG&A Sheet is divided into two parts. Above, you have the actual cost of your employees and below you have the number of employees for each task (Headcount). Some of them, like the CEO, are unique, and the number will hardly ever go above 1, but for some others, like Graphic Designers or Customer Success Representatives, you may have more than one team members of the same type.
You can manually enter numbers in the Headcount section when you predict you’ll be making new hires to the team, but you can also come up with a formula to take care of that, especially for hires that you need to scale as your customer base grows, for example.
Guess what? The number of Customers in your Revenue sheet is affected directly by our Marketing Budget/CAC formula. That means that if you predict 10,000 clients in the next 12 months, you will have a decent estimate of your staff costs.
With the variables we used above, you’ll be expected to hire a new Support Team member by Month 10.
Moving the 1,000 paid customers variable to your Summary Spreadsheet Dashboard, so you can experiment with different numbers and how much that affects your operation cast.
Adding a formula to the CAPEX > Equipment section, where you account for the purchase of an additional computer every time your staff grows.
This model has a smart addition to the Financial Statement Sheet; a ‘Capital Requirements’ and a ‘Runway’ line.
Runway takes into account an average of your burn rate for the last three months and estimates how much longer can your company survive with those expenses. If you are profitable, this will change to infinity.
The Capital Requirements line gives you a rough prediction of how much money you need to raise for your Business Model to work. Most companies will need to make an up-front investment either in their team, their technology or their supplies before turning a profit. If you complete your model correctly and with the right estimates, capital requirements will give you the lowest negative balance your company will reach, which you can ‘fund’ with a capital injection.
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