Researchers at Case Western Reserve University are working to change that equation for the most common type of breast cancer. The Case Western team is targeting estrogen-receptor positive cancer (ER-positive), which accounts forآ 70 percent of all breast cancer cases, according to the National Cancer Institute. In ER-positive cancer, the cancer cells, like normal breast cells, receive signals from estrogen that promote their growth. To determineآ the cancer’s aggressiveness, doctors use the Oncotype DX test. It determines whether a patient needs chemotherapy آ– with the hair loss, nausea, fatigue and other side effects that come with it آ– or hormone therapy, which has milder side effects. The test can easily distinguish high-risk and low-risk patients, but others fall in a sort of intermediate-risk limbo, said Madabhushi. And at $4,000, the test is out of reach for many people, including most in the developing world. To replace the costly test, heآ and his team are using GPU-accelerated deep learning to develop an automated test that could speed diagnosis and improve accuracy without destroying the tissue specimen.آ The estimated cost: $200.