Social insurance in the USSR - wide system of material support of the workers at the occurrence of invalidity, old age and in other cases stipulated by the law. The social insurance system in the USSR also includes the expenses on health resort, catering, recreation and other health activities. Social insurance in the USSR is an integral part of national social security systems (see). Social insurance in the USSR extended to all workers and are at the expense of the state without any deductions from wages; management of social insurance is carried out on a broad democratic basis, a matter of social insurance know unions - the most mass workers ' organization.
In 1970, in accordance with decisions III all-Union Congress of collective farmers introduced a system of social insurance of the members of collective farms. At its Foundation is based on the same principles of social insurance for workers and employees. Social insurance of farmers is also carried out by trade unions, but at the expense of the special Fund formed by contributions of collective farms.
In capitalist countries, social insurance, where it exists, is characterized by the absence of a unified system, the limited range of persons covered by social insurance, low level of security, mandatory participation of workers in the financing of insurance funds; workers from the management of social insurance removed.
The basic types of support and service for social insurance in the USSR are the benefits for temporary disability, maternity, childbirth, and others; old-age pension, disability, loss of breadwinner and other; provision of vouchers (for free or for partial payment) in sanatoriums, boarding houses, houses and bases of rest, sanatoria and health resorts, health food, in the student health camp, and so on; funds of social insurance are also sent in the form of subsidies for the maintenance of children in pioneer camps, including sanatorium type.
The most common form of collateral for social insurance are temporary disability allowance.
When employment injury and the occupational disease benefit is always assigned in the amount of 100% of earnings, regardless of any conditions. In all other cases of temporary disability benefits 50% to 100% of salary, depending on the length of continuous experience and membership in a trade Union. Working invalids of the great Patriotic war the temporary disablement allowance is paid in the amount of full earnings regardless of seniority.
The maternity and birth benefit - see Disability.
Funds of social insurance are formed from compulsory insurance contributions of enterprises (organizations) and subsidies from the state budget. Contributions are paid according to tariffs established by the Council of Ministers of the USSR for the relevant trade Union, in percentage to be paid a working wage. Contributions of collective defined by the resolution of the III all-Union Congress of collective farmers.
Social insurance of workers and employees directly at enterprises, institutions and organizations carry out factory, factory or local trade Union committees. They prescribe the allowances issued the permit, referred children in the pioneer camp, check the organization of health care workers, employees and members of their families; together with medical institutions and the administration of the company shall develop and implement measures to reduce morbidity, control timely payment of business contributions to social insurance, check for the proper delivery of sick-lists and produced by the administration of payments of social insurance benefits, together with the administration of documents necessary for granting of pensions to workers and their families. This work involved a wide insurance asset - Commission on the social insurance, pension matters and insurance of the delegates.