com/content/president-india-powers-election-eligibility 2/4 . The ordinance can be effective for a maxi-mum period of six months and six weeks – Article 123 Emergency Powers of the President President may proclaim a state of emergency in the whole or part of India if he realises/feels that a grave situation has arisen in which the security of India on part of its territory might get threatened by war or external egression or rebellion. President can declare national emergency only on a written request by the Cabinet Ministers headed by the Prime upscguide. the Chairman and Members of the UPSC. Executive powers of the President must be exercised in accordance with the Constitution. and they hold office during his pleasure. These ordinances must be approved by the Parliament within the six weeks of its reassembly. These powers are exercised by him either directly or through subordinate officers in accordance with the Constitution. President can promulgate ordinances when both the Houses of the Parliament are not in session. When a bill is passed by a State legislature is re-served by the Governor for consideration of the President. He also can appoint any member of the Rajya Sabha to preside over its proceeding when both the Chairman’s and Deputy Chairman’s office fall vacant. Eligibility | UPSC Guide All executive powers of the Union are vested in him. The President of India can grant a pardon to or reduce the sentence of a convicted person for one time. art and social service and two members to the Lok Sabha from the Anglo-Indian Community. In particular it includes the provisions of article 14 (equality before law) President appoints the Prime Minister and other ministers. The President also receives the credentials of Ambassadors and High Commissioners from other countries. alternation of boundaries of states or creation of a new state When a bill is sent to the Parliament after it has been passed by the parliament. the President can give his assent to the bill. President’s prior recommendation or permission is needed for introducing bills in the parliament involving expenditure from Consolidated Fund of India. STs and OBCs. He can nominate 12 members to the Rajya Sabha with extraordinary accomplishments in literature. The President can appoint a member of the Lok Sabha to preside over its proceedings the positions of Speaker as well as Deputy Speaker are vacant. He can address the Parliament at the commencement of the first session after the general election and the first session of each year. science. particularly in cases involving punishment of death. The Supreme Command of the Defence Force is vested on the President and the exercises it in accordance with law. the President can give his assent to the bill or withhold his assent to the bill or return the bill (if it is not a Money Bill or a Constitutional Amendment Bill) for reconsideration of the Parliament. or withhold his assent to the bill or direct the Governor to return the bill (if it is not a Money bill) for reconsideration of the State Legislature. Comptroller and Auditor General of India. the Chief Election Commissioner and other Election Commissioners. He appoints the Attorney General of India. The President can appoint a commission to investigate into the conditions of SCs. the Governors of the states. He can also summon a joint sitting of both the houses of Parliament which is presided over by the Speaker of the Lok Sabha. The President is the Commander in Chief of the Indian Armed Forces. external aggression or armed rebellion in the whole of India or a part of its territory.8/28/13 President of India: Powers. Election. Article 352 The President can declare three types of emergencies: National Emergency: National emergency is caused by war. The Legislative Powers The President can summon or end a session of the Parliament and dissolve the Lok Sabha. the Chairman and the members of the Finance Commissions etc.
Eligibility | UPSC Guide Minister and the proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within one month. subject to Parliaments’ approval. Under national emergency. State Emergency or President’s Rule A State Emergency can be imposed via the following: 1. The Right to Life and Personal Liberty cannot be suspended. Fundamental Rights of Indian citizens can be suspended. All money bills have to be referred to the Parliament for approval. It can be extended by six months by repeated parliamentary approval. The president represents India in International forms and affairs and may send and receives diplomats like ambassadors. However. The President appoints the chiefs of Army. up to a maximum of three years. National emergency can be imposed for six months. the emergency can be extended for more than three years. the Union budget before the Parliament. The Parliament makes laws on the 66 subjects of the state list. constitutional machinery has failed . Financial Emergency: Article . Diplomatic powers International treaties and agreements are signed on behalf of the President. Such an emergency has been invoked at three instances: 1962 (Indo-China war) 1971 (Indo-Pakistan war) 1975 to 1977 (declared by Indira Gandhi on account of "internal disturbance"). If needed. they are subject to approval of the parliament. During such an emergency. It can be imposed from six months to a maximum period of three years with repeated parliamentary approval every six months.e. Election. The six freedoms under Right to Freedom are automatically suspended.com/content/president-india-powers-election-eligibility 3/4 . This type of Emergency has not been declared so far. the Governor administers the state in the name of the President. If that state is not working according to the given direction of the Union Government – Article 365 Such an emergency must be approved by the Parliament within a period of two months. Financial Powers A money bill can be introduced in the Parliament only with the President’s recommendation The President lays the Annual Financial Statement i. high commissioners Military powers The President is the supreme commander of the defence forces of India The President can declare war and conclude peace. President can make advances out of the Contingency Fund of India to meet unforeseen expenses The President continues a Finance commission after every five years to recommend the distribution of the taxes between the centre and the States. This proclamation must be approved by the Parliament within two months. by a constitutional amendment.Article 356 2. for example in the case of Punjab and Jammu and Kashmir.360 President can proclaim a Financial Emergency if financial stability or credit of India or any part thereof is threatened. The Legislative Assembly can be dissolved or may remain in suspended animation. Navy and Air Force. If that state failed to run constitutionally i.e. upscguide.8/28/13 President of India: Powers.
The President dismisses the judges if and only if the two Houses of the Parliament pass resolutions to that effect by two-thirds majority of the members present. Election. Eligibility | UPSC Guide Judicial powers The president appoints the Chief Justice of the Union Judiciary and other judges on the advice of the Chief Justice. The president has the right to grant pardon.8/28/13 President of India: Powers.com/content/president-india-powers-election-eligibility 4/4 . upscguide. The president enjoys the judicial immunity No criminal proceedings can be initiated against the president during the term in office The president is not answerable for the exercise of his/her duties.