A stabbing apparatus for penetration of a living body wall, having a stabbing apparatus body provided with a sharp edge, a pressure sensor disposed on the peripheral surface thereof to sense the pressure to which the sensor is subjected when stabbing a living body wall, and an indicator responsive to the sensed pressure above a predetermined level, whereby the depth of penetration of the stabbing apparatus body with respect to the living body wall is indicated.
This is a division of application Ser. No. 037,352, filed May 9, 1979, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,299,230.
This invention relates to a stabbing apparatus for diagnosis of living bodies such as a trocar for celioscopic examinations.
In spite of its very sharp edge, a trocar for celioscopic examinations will meet with strong resistance when it is stabbed into an abdominal wall. When the abdominal wall is once penetrated, however, the resistance will be suddenly removed, so that the apparatus will possibly damage some internal organs by continuing to exert the same force necessary for penetration. However, there has so far been taken no measure to counter such danger involved in the stabbing operation.
The object of this invention is to provide a stabbing apparatus for diagnosis of living bodies capable of safe stabbing without damaging any unrelated parts inside a living body wall, whereby the stabbing state can be perceived by means of a pressure sensor including a plurality of pressure sensor elements to sense a pressure to which it is subjected when stabbing the living body wall and an indicator connected to the pressure sensor elements to indicate the pressure condition.
According to the stabbing apparatus of the aforementioned construction, immediately when the tip end of the stabbing apparatus has pierced through the living body wall, the operator can be informed of such state by the indicator.
Further, the operator can also know the depth of insertion of the stabbing apparatus in the living body wall.
Then the operator may immediately reduce the force exerted on the apparatus and thereby minimize the possibility of damaging internal organs with the sharp edges of the apparatus. This also reduces the mental pressure on the operator which results from using prior art devices.
FIG. 11 shows a modification of the arrangement of the apparatus of FIG. 6 in which a pressure sensor array is used for the detection of the stabbing depth.
Now there will be described several preferred embodiments of this invention with reference to the accompanying drawings.
In FIG. 1, numeral 1 designates a stabbing apparatus body with a sharp conical edge 3 formed at a tip end portion 2 thereof. On the wall of the edge 3, there is provided a pressure sensor 4 to cause electrical changes such as those of resistance and capacitance. In stabbing the edge 3 into a living body wall, the pressure sensor 4 is subjected to a pressure, and senses the pressure to operate an indicator 5 as mentioned later. The pressure sensor 4 is connected to the indicator 5 by means of lead wires 6 passed through the stabbing apparatus body 1. If the apparatus body 1 is made of metal, it may be used for one of the lead wires 6.
The indicator 5 is so designed as to give an audible or visual alarm in case of a sudden drop of the pressure to the pressure sensor 4. Naturally, the indicator 5 may raise both audible and visual alarms at the same time, or give an alarm by means of deflection of a pointer of a meter. That is, it is necessary only that the operator be notified of the pressure condition by any suitable means.
In conducting a celiscopic examination, for example, the stabbing apparatus body 1 is covered with a sheathing (not shown), and is pressed against a living body wall 7, with the tip end portion 2 projected. First, in a state as shown in FIG. 1, that is, immediately before the apparatus body 1 pressed against the living body wall 7 pierces thereinto, the pressure sensor 4 is subjected to a high pressure. Then, in a state as shown in FIG. 2, that is, when the apparatus body 1 has pierced the living body wall 7, the pressure applied to the pressure sensor 4 is suddenly reduced. By this pressure change, the indicator 5 is actuated to give an alarm, whereby the operator realizes that the tip end portion 2 of the stabbing apparatus has pierced the living body wall 7. Thereafter, the stabbing apparatus can be inserted with a small force, so that the stabbing operation may be performed in safety without damaging any unrelated parts inside the living body wall 7. When the stabbing is accomplished, a normal celioscopic examination can be achieved by removing only the stabbing apparatus body 1 and inserting a celioscope (not shown) into the sheathing that is left in the living body.
The arrangement of the pressure sensor of this invention is not limited to the manner of the aforesaid embodiment, but may be such as shown in FIGS. 3 to 6. Namely, in FIG. 3, a chip of pressure sensor element 8 is embedded in the tip end of the stabbing apparatus body 1. In FIGS. 4 and 5, a plurality of pressure sensor elements 9 are arranged on the side face of the apparatus body 1 near the tip end thereof. In FIG. 6, a barlike pressure sensor device 10 is embedded in the stabbing apparatus body 1 along the axial direction thereof. At one end of the pressure sensor device 10, there is provided a pressure-sensitive transistor 40. When a local concentrated stress P is applied to the emitter-base junction of the transistor 40 by means of a pressure needle 101, the transistor 40 supplies through a resistor 42 to a capacitor C42 a collector current proportional to the stress P. The capacitor C42 is connected in parallel with a phase-inverted amplifier 41 and a reset switch 43. The resistor 42, capacitor C42 and amplifier 41 form a Miller integrator 45, and a signal ES with a potential proportional to the accumulation value of the collector current of the transistor 40 appears at the output end of the amplifier 41.
The symbol Es is used hereinafter to represent the output signal of the various pressure sensor circuits disclosed in FIGS. 6-10, the specific characteristics of the output signal varying in accordance with the circuit.
The capacitor C42 stores electric charges proportional to the accumulation value of the stress P. Representing the sum total of the pressures applied to the device 10, this accumulation value covers information corresponding to the stabbing depth of the stabbing apparatus body 1 pressed into the living body wall 7. That is, the stabbing depth may be determined from the level of the signal ES. When the switch 43 is turned on, all the charges stored in the capacitor C42 are discharged for a subsequent stabbing operation.
The above-mentioned construction will be quite enough as long as the collector current of the transistor 40 is zero when the level of the stress P is at zero. However, if the collector current flows through the transistor 40 while the stress P is zero, the integration output of the integrator 45 or the signal ES will charge even though the apparatus body 1 is not being pressed into the living body wall 7. Therefore, in order to prevent such integration while the stress P is zero, there are provided an amplifier 47 and a switch transistor (MOS FET) 49. The FET 49, having its drain-source terminals connected in parallel with the capacitor C42, and the FET 49 is turned on when the stess P=0 to stop the integrating operation. When the stress P is applied (P≠0), a signal EX whose DC level is lowered in response to the application of the stress P appears at the collector of the transistor 40. The signal EX is amplified by the amplifier 47, and applied to the gate of the FET 49. Then, the FET 49 is turned off, and the integrating operation is started. That is, by the addition of the components 47 and 49, the integrating operation is allowed to be performed only while the stabbing apparatus body 1 is being pressed into the living body wall 7.
FIG. 7 shows a detailed arrangement of the indicator 5 as shown in FIG. 1. A pressure sensor 4 produces an electric signal ES corresponding to a given pressure. The signal ES is amplified by an amplifier 50 into a signal EP at a suitable level, which is applied to a first input terminal of a comparator 52. A second input terminal of the comparator 52 is supplied with a reference signal ER from a reference level source 54. The comparator 52 compares the levels of the signals EP and ER to deliver a detection signal ED if EP >ER, for example. The signal ED is supplied to an LED 58 through an amplifier 56. Namely, when the sensor 4 perceives a pressure above a predetermined level, the signal ED is produced to turn on the LED 58.
The signal ED is applied also to a monostable multivibrator (MMV) 60. The MMV 60 is triggered by a fall or diappearance of the signal ED. Then, the MMV 60 supplies a gate signal EG at logic level "1" to a first input terminal of an AND gate 62 for a fixed time. This fixed time is determined in accordance with the time constant of the MMV 60 itself. A second input terminal of the AND gate 62 is supplied with an alarm signal EA of e.g. 1 kHz from an alarm generator 64. When the MMV 60 is triggered to turn the logic level of the gate signal EG to "1", the AND gate 62 is opened. Then, the alarm signal EA is supplied to a loudspeaker 66 via the AND gate 62. That is, the pressure applied to the sensor 4 is lowered below the aforesaid predetermined level after the sensor 4 has sensed the pressure above such level, the MMV 60 is triggered. Thus, the loudspeaker 66 produces an alarm sound to give notice that the stabbing apparatus body 1 or the edge 3 has pierced the abdominal wall of the living body.
FIGS. 8 to 10 show specific examples of the arrangement of the pressure sensor 4. FIG. 8 shows a case where a pressure-sensitive transistor 40 is used. When a local concentrated stress P is applied to the emitter-base junction of the transistor 40 by means of a pressure needle (not shown), the collector current of the transistor 40 changes. This current change leads to a change of a voltage drop appeared at a collector resistor 42. This voltage change provides the signal ES.
FIG. 9 shows a case where an electric capacitor 44 is used. When the pressure P is applied to a charged film 441 of the capacitor 44, the capacitance of the capacitor 44 changes. Then, accompanying the capacitance change, the level of the signal ES derived from the source of a FET 46 changes.
FIG. 10 shows a case where the resonance frequency of an LC resonance circuit 48 is varied by the pressure P. One electrode of a capacitor C48 forming the resonance circuit 48 is so designed as to be displaced by the pressure P. When the capacitance of the capacitor C48 is changed by such displacement, the resonance frequency f0 of the resonance circuit 48 changes. The resonance circuit 48 is supplied with a high-frequency signal e0 with frequency f1 from an oscillator 400. The amplitude of the signal e0 is at a maximum when f0 is equal to f1, and the amplitude is descreasing as |f0 -f1 | increases. In other words, the amplitude of the signal e0 changes in accordance with the pressure P. The signal ES may be obtained by rectifying the signal e0 by means of a rectifier 402.
FIG. 11 shows a modification of the apparatus of FIG. 6, in which a pressure sensor array is used for the detection of the stabbing depth. That is, a plurality of pressure sensor elements 4i (i=1, 2, 3 . . . ) are arranged in an array along the peripheral surface of the stabbing apparatus body 1. These elements 4i are successively pressed by the living body wall 7 through projected portions 100i (i=1, 2, 3 . . . ). The outputs of the elements 4i are severally applied to the input of a level comparator 52. The comparator 52 produces signals Ei (i=1, 2, 3 . . . ) in accordance with the pressure outputs from the elements 4i. FIG. 11 shows a state in which the elements 41 and 42 are pressed by the living body wall 7. When the elements 41 and 42 are pressed, indicator elements or LED's 2001 and 2002 arranged on an LED array 150 are turned on. As the stabbing apparatus body 1 is inserted into the living body wall 7, a bar of the lighted LED's on the LED array 150 extends. On the other hand, when the body 1 has pierced through the living body wall 7 to release the element 41 from the press, the LED 2001 is turned off. Thus, according to the apparatus of FIG. 11, there may be indicated the time when the apparatus body 1 has pierced through the living body wall 7, as well as the depth of insertion of the body 1 in the living body wall 7.
Although specific constructions have been illustrated and described herein, it is not intended that the invention be limited to the elements, devices and/or circuit constructions disclosed. One skilled in the art will recognize that the particular elements, devices or sub-circuits may be used or combined without departing from the scope and spirit of the invention. For example, the elements 4i and portions 100i shown in FIG. 11 may be arranged not only in the peripheral surface of the body 1 but also in the surface of the tip end portion 2 or edge 3. Further, the FIG. 7 construction may be combined with the FIG. 11 or FIG. 6 arrangement for indicating that the body 1 has been pierced into the abdominal wall, as well as for indicating the stabbing depth.
indicator means coupled to said accumulator means for indicating said penetration depth according to the magnitude of said accumulated signal.
means coupled to said sensor means and to said accumulator means for preventing the accumulating operation of said accumulator means when said pressure is substantially zero.
a pressure sensor device for sensing and transmitting the pressure at the sharp edge portion of said stabbing apparatus body to said converter means, said pressure sensor device being arranged along the axial direction of said cylindrical stabbing apparatus body.
a comparator coupled to said accumulator means and to said reference level source for comparing said accumulated signal with said reference signal, and providing a detection signal when said accumulated signal exceeeds a predetermined level corresponding to the level of said reference signal.
alarm means coupled to said monostable multivibrator and to said generator for generating an alarm according to said alarm signal when said gate signal has a logic level of "1".
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