Campagne DD. Campagne D.D. Campagne, Danielle D.Trigger Point Injections. In: Reichman EF. Reichman E.F. Ed. Eric F. Reichman.eds. Reichman's Emergency Medicine Procedures, 3e New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; . http://accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2498&sectionid=201296371. Accessed April 19, 2019.
Campagne DD. Campagne D.D. Campagne, Danielle D.. "Trigger Point Injections." Reichman's Emergency Medicine Procedures, 3e Reichman EF. Reichman E.F. Ed. Eric F. Reichman. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill, , http://accessemergencymedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2498&sectionid=201296371.
The diagnosis of a MTrP relies on the criteria of a tender spot with an underlying taught band, pain on palpation of the tender spot, and a local twitch response (i.e., a transient local contraction of skeletal muscle fibers in response to palpation or needling).3,10 The data on clinical outcomes provide no definitive answer. The best outcomes appear to occur in patients who exhibit a local twitch response with palpation.4 The current literature provides no pathophysiologic explanation for this result. There are no laboratory, pathology, or radiology studies to identify or verify a MTrP.