A solar eclipse happens when the Moon travels in its orbit between Earth and the Sun and the Moon fully or partially blocks the Sun. This can happen only at New Moon, when both the Sun and Moon are in conjunction with each other.
If the Moon was only a little closer to Earth and orbited in the same plane and its orbit was circular, we would see solar eclipses every single month. The lunar orbit is elliptical and tilted with respect to Earth’s orbit, so we can only see up to 5 eclipses per year. It depends on the geometry of the Sun, Moon and Earth that the Sun can be totally blocked, or it can be partially blocked.
Lunar eclipses take place when the full Moon moves through the shadow of Earth. This takes place only when the Moon is on the faraway side of the Earth from the Sun, lunar eclipses only occur while there is a full moon. A lunar eclipse of the Moon can be experienced from nearly an entire hemisphere. Because of which it is much more common to see a lunar eclipse from a given location. Moreover a lunar eclipse lasts longer, taking several hours to complete, with totality itself typically averaging anywhere from about thirty minutes to over one hour. It can be seen from a greater portion of the Earth. There are three types of lunar eclipses namely penumbral, partial, and total.
The happening of solar eclipses in calendar year depends on the year. In one calendar year there has a minimum of four eclipses in which two are solar and two are lunar eclipses. Most years have just four eclipses for instance 2015. On the other hand, you can have years with five eclipses liked the year 2013, 2018 and the year 2019. In the year 2011 and 2020 there are six eclipses. Most years have as many as seven eclipses in a calendar year such as 1982 and 2038.