There is no information about desertion cases after 1991.
No information is available about present OLF recruitment methods.
 Prasad, D., T. Smythe 1968. Conscription: a world survey, compulsory military service and resistance to it War Resisters' International, London.  Amnesty International Netherlands Section 1988. Ethiopi`: dienstweigering en desertie. AI, Amsterdam.  Human Rights Watch/Africa Watch 1990. Ethiopia: Conscription, abuses of human rights during recruitment to the armed forces. Africa Watch/Human Rights Watch, New York.  Amnesty International 1991. Conscientious objection to military service. AI, London, UK.  Immigration and Naturalisation Service 1993. Ethiopia, Status of Amharas, INS Resource information Center Country Reports. INS, Washington DC.  IRBDC 1994. Ethiopia: Information on evasion of military service, 9 September 1994.  Alemayehu, Y., & S. Chane (undated, probably 1995). Case study for the Child Soldiers Research Project. Rädda Barnen, Stockholm.  Radio Ethiopia, 1 December 1995. 'Over 20,000 soldiers demobilized to make way for new national army'. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts.  Office Fédéral des Réfugiés, 1996. Ethiopia: country information sheet, February 1996. ODR, Bern, Switzerland.  IRBDC 1996. Telephone interview with an official of the Embassy of Ethiopia in Ottawa, 3 June 1996.  Radio Ethiopia, 22 July 1996. 'Thousands trained for new national defence force'. BBC Summary of World Broadcasts.  Embassy of Ethiopia in Brussels 1996. Reply to CONCODOC questionnaire, Brussels, 12 December 1996.  Institute for Strategic Studies 1997. Military Balance 1997/98. ISS, London, UK.
According to various NGOs and United Nations agencies, the use of child soldiers in Somalia has increased since fighting between the Transitional Federal Government (TFG) and the Union of Islamic Courts (UIC) escalated in December.