We will use Inkscape to draw a more complicated flag, that of the European Union (EU). This tutorial will cover using the Star Tool to draw a regular star, using Guide Lines for positioning, making copies or clones of an object, and precisely moving those copies to their proper places.
Set basic drawing parameters (flag size, grid, background color).
Duplicate the star and position the duplicates.
To begin, start Inkscape. The page size needs to be set to the correct proportions for the EU flag, which has a 3 to 2 width to height ratio. We will use a 270 by 180 pixel area. This will facilitate drawing and placing of the stars to the EU specifications.
Follow the instructions for setting the page size and creating a grid given in the Swedish flag example but set the flag width to 270 and the flag height to 180 pixels. Also set the grid spacing to 10 pixels rather than 20 (so we can snap to the flag width which is not divisible by 20). Enable snapping of nodes in the Snap tab.
Draw a rectangle for the flag background that covers the entire page. Next use the Fill and Stroke dialog (Object → Fill and Stroke... (Shift+Ctrl+F)) to set the color of the background to the officially prescribed RGB color: 0, 51, 153. Check that the Alpha (A) value is 255 and the Master opacity is 100%.
For placing the stars, it is easiest to draw the first star at the center of the flag (at 135, 90). You can then use simple translations to move the stars to their final positions. You can make it easier to keep track of the center point by adding Guide Lines. The Guide Lines are lines that, like the Grid, are not part of the actual drawing.
To add a Guide Line, click-drag starting on a Ruler near the middle and finishing at the desired point on the canvas. (If you start near the edge, an angled Guide Line will be created.) The Guide Line can be moved by selecting (with the Select Tool) and dragging. Be careful not to move the background! If you do, just undo the move ( or Ctrl+Z). To precisely place the Guide Line, double click on the Guide Line using the Select Tool. A dialog will open where you can type in the exact position required.
The Guide Lines can be turned on and off by using the Guide Line ( ) icon in the Snap Bar (v0.47) or under the Guides tab in the Document Properties dialog (File → Document Properties... (Shift+Ctrl+D) v0.46) or via the command View → Guides (|). Checking the box Snap guides while dragging under the Guides tab will allow Guide Lines to snap to the Grid.
Add both a horizontal Guide Line at y = 90 px and a vertical Guide Line at x = 135 px.
We need to draw a five-pointed star that will be duplicated to create the 12 stars of the flag. To avoid drawing a blue star on a blue background, click to the side of the drawing to deselect the background rectangle, then click on one of the colors in the Palette. When no object is selected, clicking on a color in the Palette will set the default Fill to that color.
Select Star Tool and set up the star parameters.
To draw a star, select the Star Tool (keyboard shortcut *) in the Tool Box. According to the EU flag specification, the stars on the flag are five-pointed with one point straight up. The easiest way to get the star the exact shape is to use the Tool Controls.
In the Tool Controls, set the number of Corners to 5. Select the Star icon ( ) to enable drawing of a star. The Spoke Ratio is the ratio of the radius of the innermost point to the radius of the outermost point of a star (R2/R1). For a “regular” five-pointed star this should be 0.382. The other entries in the Tool Controls, Rounded and Randomized, should both be zero (accessible by clicking on the down-arrow at the right of the Tool Controls).
The specified radius (R1) of the star on the EU flag is 1/18 of the flag height, or 10 pixels with our flag size. Starting with the mouse at the intersection of the Guide Lines, click drag upward for 10 pixels. You must move the cursor half the distance to the next grid line before you'll see a star. The upper point will snap to the Grid.
Adjust the color of the star to a RGB value of (255, 204, 0). Make sure Alpha (A) is 255 and the Master opacity is 100%.
After the first star has been drawn and the color adjusted.
Duplicate and place the 12 stars.
Either click on the icon in the Command Bar or use Edit → Clone → Create Clone (Alt+D) to make a Clone of the star. A Clone is a copy that is linked to the original so that if you modify the original, the Clone will also change. This is handy if you need to make a common adjustment to all the stars (change color, enlarge, etc.).
The EU flag specifies that the stars be evenly distributed on a circle that is one third of the flag height and at positions corresponding to the hours of a clock. The easiest way to place the stars properly is to use the move feature on the Move tab of the Transform dialog (Object → Transform... (Shift+Ctrl+M)). Open the dialog, and if you have room, drag it out of the Inkscape window. To move the cloned star to the 12 o'clock position, set the Vertical (y) direction to 60 pixels. Make sure the Relative move box is checked and the units are set to pixels (px), then click the Apply button.
The Transform dialog, set to move the first cloned star into place.
Next, select the original star and make a new Clone. This time move the Clone 60 pixels down (−60). Repeat for the Horizontal (x) direction. For the rest of the stars, use the eight permutations of x(y) = ±30 and y(x) = ±52 pixels (60 times the sine and cosine of 30° respectively).
After all 12 stars are placed, you can delete the original star. The links between the clones and the original star are automatically broken.
If desired, save your work and export a bitmap as for the Swedish flag.