$ 11 trillion - in this fantastic amount, McKinsey analysts in June 2015 estimated the potential contribution to the global economy by 2025 of a new technology industry - the Internet of Things (IoT).
Under IoT, experts understand a set of networks consisting of objects that can communicate with each other via IP connection without human intervention. According to McKinsey estimates, the term "Internet of things" is applicable to at least 150 object systems, so the economic effect of it can be so great already in the perspective of the next decade.
IoT claims to become a technological shell for almost all markets - from transport, consumer electronics and trade to agriculture, construction and insurance. According to the forecast of BI Intelligence, by 2021 the number of IoT-devices will grow to 22.5 billion from 6.6 billion in 2016. Investments in the Internet of things in this five-year period will reach $ 4.8 trillion, analysts expect. According to estimates of experts of the World Economic Forum, by 2022 the total number of devices connected to the Internet will reach the level of 1 trillion. This will entail both the formation of new markets, and a radical change in a number of traditional businesses, experts warn Davos.
An example of the market, formed due to the development of IoT, is the technology of the "smart house". In 2016, the number of consumer "things" included in this "network of networks" has grown to 4 billion, and by 2020 it will reach 13.5 billion, the analytical company Gartner has calculated. Potentially IoT can capture all the "material" environment of the person, experts noted Deloitte: for example, a TV a few years ago no one was associated with online services, and today to present a modern device without the function of Smart TV and access to streaming services like Netflix is ​​almost impossible .The largest technology corporations are busy developing the IoT infrastructure for the "smart house": Apple introduced the HomeKit system in 2014, Google bought the manufacturer of "smart" Nest thermostats for $ 3.2 billion and Amazon developed the ecosystem of the home "manager" Alexa for the third year . According to the estimates of Markets & Markets, the technology market for the "smart house" will increase to $ 122 billion by 2022 from $ 47 billion in 2015.
In more traditional industries, IoT will form whole new segments. In medicine, for example, its size could reach $ 117 billion by 2020, predicted the analytical company MarketResearch. So, on the new technology "electronic" intensive care chambers are based. With the help of high-resolution cameras, the doctor can remotely monitor patients and provide real-time voice and voice advice to colleagues on-site, if emergency measures are required. Telemedicine can accelerate the penetration of quality medical services in developing countries, for example, India (there until 2019 the leading player in the emerging market, Philips plans to equip up to 30,000 hospital beds with cameras).Simpler versions are portable devices that allow monitoring in real time, transfer to a doctor and analyze data on the level of glucose in the blood, remove cardiograms, etc.
The future of IoT does not look cloudless, analysts are in solidarity: eliminating a person from the communication process with devices carries not only advantages, but also risks. So, IoT-botnet from the devices infected with malicious Mirai, became the reason of serial and powerful attacks in 2016. The goal of Mirai is to constantly scan the Internet for open IoT devices, access to which can be obtained through simple for hacking or default accounts. By compromising the devices, hackers connect them to the botnet for subsequent DDoS attacks.
For the past few years, researchers have been constantly raising the issue of protecting connected devices. Last year, Charlie Miller and Chris Valashek demonstrated how to get wireless access to the critical Jeep Cherokee systems , successfully taking control and forcing it to go out of the way! Vasilios Hiureas from Kaspersky Lab and Thomas Kinsey of Exigent Systems conducted a study of potential weaknesses in the protection of video surveillance systems . Later, one of the manufacturers of medical equipment reported a vulnerability in his insulin pump , which allows attackers to turn off the device or change the dosage of the medicine. There were fears about the items that we use every day, such aschildren's toys , baby monitors and doorbells .
To protect the data with which IoT gadgets work, manufacturers will spend more and more: by 2020, Gartner analysts expect the growth of expenses for providing IoT infrastructure security to $ 30 billion. It's especially important for businesses to treat the spheres in which the Internet of things interacts with sensitive information, for example, data on the state of human health. In the case of access by attackers to these data, even the doctor can not protect the patient: the hacker needs to make adjustments to the software shell of "things" responsible for making decisions, analysts say. As of 2014, up to 70% of IoT solutions were vulnerable, according to a study by Hewlett Packard.
As per Digital Technology Reviews The key problem in IoT is the youth of the industry - the lack of industry standards both in terms of system compatibility, and in terms of providing IS even at the level of development. Plus the illusion that once the device has a small processing power, then it is not interesting to any hackers (but this illusion was very revealingly disposed of by Mirai).
However, according to mit technology review 2018 the prospects for IoT business are not so gloomy, the technology just has not yet passed the "cycle of maturity" according to the methodology of Gartner and has enough time to "fill the bumps", analysts concluded.
The long-term perspective of IoT reviews is a transformation into the "Comprehensive Internet", IDC company noted in a study in 2016. This term hides the system of "close interaction of networks, people, processes, data and objects for the implementation of intellectual interaction and justified actions," experts explained. This transformation will take dozens of years.
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