Introduction:This is a special edition of the annual “In the footsteps of van Leeuwenhoek course”.
The ability of cells to perceive and correctly respond to their environment is the basis of development, tissue repair, and immunity as well as normal tissue homeostasis. Errors in cell signaling are responsible for many diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and diabetes. By understanding cell signaling, diseases may be treated effectively and, theoretically, artificial tissues may be created. Microscopic techniques can be used to elucidate signal complex composition, organization and dynamics, as this reflects the functions of cells and their organelles.