In 1785 the communities of Carleton and Parr Town, New Brunswick, greatly increased in size by the influx of Loyalist settlers after the American Revolution, were incorporated as the City of Saint John, making it the oldest incorporated city in Canada. In 1889, Portland was amalgamated into Saint John. For most of its history the city has been governed by the mayor and Common Council. From 1912 to the mid 1930's it was administered by a commission government and in 1963 it adopted a council-manager form of government which centralized administrative responsibility. In 1967, the city expanded to include Lancaster and part of Simonds.