China will be the largest market due to its extensive fleet of coal-fired boilers, new tough regulations, and corrosion issues at existing power plants. Over 100,000 MW of FGD systems will be upgraded. Many of the existing precipitators will be upgraded or replaced with fabric filters. In some cases, wet electrostatic precipitators will be placed downstream of existing scrubbers.
The U.S. has just implemented new air toxic rules. The enforcement of ambient air quality rules in the individual states may result in the Los Angeles level of stringency. Because it is impossible to site a new power plant, owners are upgrading old power plants. The cost of an upgrade is likely to be more than the air pollution control investment at a new power plant.
Europe is maintaining a base fleet of coal-fired power plants. It continues to tighten emission limits. So upgrades are periodically required. Russia, Chile and South Africa are among the countries which are tightening particulate limits and forcing power plants to install fabric filters. Removal of the precipitator internals and their replacement with bags is becoming increasingly common.