– Forced marriages: may involve an act, means and purpose that fit the definition of trafficking as defined in the Protocol. The act may be transfer or receipt of a person; the means will include force, threats, coercion or abduction; the purpose may be sexual exploitation and/or servitude.
– In some societies where a member of a family commits a crime, a young female from the offenders’ family may be sent to live in servitude with a priest or with the victim’s family to “repay” the crime. The act may be receipt or harbouring; the means may be coercion, abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability; the purpose may be sexual or labour exploitation, servitude or slavery.
– Diplomatic staff frequently employ servants. In a number of cases around the world some of these servants have been recruited and forced to provide labour within the households.
– Forcible abduction and conscription of children and adults into armed forces during times of conflict can also be prosecuted as a trafficking crime. Children are especially vulnerable to military recruitment due to their emotional and physical immaturity. The act may be recruitment, transporting, or receiving a child or adult, the means (in the case of adults) may be the use or threat of use of force, or the abuse of a position of vulnerability and the purpose may be servitude, forced labour, or sexual exploitation.
– In some countries, particularly those with an already established adoption market, illicit adoption practices are becoming more common and can be prosecuted under the umbrella of trafficking crimes. Children may be forcibly separated from their mothers who were coerced into signing blank documents that were later made into illegal contracts. The act may be transporting or receiving a child and the purpose may be slavery or sexual exploitation. It is unnecessary to establish a means when the trafficking victim is under 18 years of age, however coercion, fraud and deception are commonly used on the mother to provide signatures, blood samples and birth certificates.
– Peacekeeping and post-conflict operations create circumstances in which trafficking in persons, mainly women for sexual exploitation, has flourished in the past. The act may be recruiting, transferring or receiving, the means may be coercion, deception or abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability and the purpose may be sexual exploitation, servitude, or forced labour.