Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. Modern cryptography intersects the disciplines of mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. Cryptology prior to the modern age was almost synonymous with encryption, the conversion of information from a readable state to one that didn’t make sense.
The ability to protect and secure information is vital to the growth of electronic commerce and to the growth of the Internet itself. Many people need or want to use communications and data security in different areas. Encrypting the data plays a major role in security. For example, banks use encryption methods around the world to process financial transactions. This involves the transfer of large amounts of money from one bank to another. Banks also use encryption methods to protect their customers' ID numbers at bank automated teller machines.
There are many companies and even shopping malls selling anything from flowers to bottles of wines over the Internet and these transactions are made by the use of credit cards and secure Internet browsers, including encryption techniques. Customers using the Internet would like to know the connection is secure when sending their credit card information and other financial details related to them over a multi-national environment. This will only work with the use of strong and unforgeable encryption methods. Since you are an expert ethical hacker and penetration tester, your IT director will instruct you to encrypt data using various encrypting algorithms in order to secure the organization's information.