But overall, regional models had lower performance, with greater

But overall, regional models had lower performance, with greater bias (−31–8%) and higher AIC (177–204), compared to generic models (bias: −2–2% and AIC: 57–67). The generic allometric model developed by Chave et al. (2005) including height was the best model with the highest coefficient of determination (0.964) and the lowest residual standard error (0.309) and AIC (56.6). On the contrary, the model developed locally in the same region by Basuki et al. (2009) greatly underestimated individual tree biomass, resulting in very low aggregated Venetoclax biomass estimates at the plot level (average = −30%, Table 5). Chave.H returned slightly

better fit than the one relying solely upon DBH (Chave.DBH, Table 4). Based on this comparison, we considered Chave.H as the most accurate model and served as reference. The minimum sample size

to accurately estimate tree height was low and did not vary significantly among sites (Fig. 1). Measuring only 1% (40–90 trees) reflecting the actual DBH distribution in a plot enabled to accurately estimate tree height Selleckchem INCB024360 at each site. For instance at Barong Tongkok (BT-PF), measuring 1% of the population resulted in an average error of prediction of tree height of 5.6% and 2.75% of the biomass stock versus 4.8% and 2.3% respectively for a sample size of 50%. Additionally, we developed two regional models (Table 3B and C) to estimate tree heights, and used the continental height estimates developed by Feldpausch et al. (2012). Both regional and continental H-models were compared to the actual heights. Overall, regional models showed smaller bias in height estimates (Fig. 2A) compared to continental models (Fig. 2B). In unmanaged forest, the former showed a bias roughly constant across diameter classes with height overestimated by 10–20%. Overestimation Baf-A1 research buy was exacerbated in secondary forest plots, where height estimates of trees 70 < DBH < 120 cm nearly doubled.

In most plots, the overestimation of tree height by regional or continental H-models resulted in a general biomass overestimation among almost all diameter classes (Fig. 3). The only marked difference was found in Sumatra (PMY-PF) were the continental H-model slightly underestimated tree heights (Fig. 2B) and subsequent biomass estimates (Fig. 3). Plotting all models and confidence intervals reviewed in this study revealed a large range in biomass stock estimates (Fig. 4), with differences greater than 100 Mg ha−1 depending on the models and site compared. When compared with Chave.H model, the regional models developed by Basuki et al., 2009 and Yamakura et al., 1986 underestimated biomass stocks by 25–40% and 0–10% respectively (Table 4). Contrastingly, all generic models relying upon BDH only overestimated in average biomass stocks when compared to the best predictive model (Chave.H). For instance, using Chave.DBH resulted in an AGB overestimation of 15% in the Eastern Kalimantan unmanaged forest plots (Chave.
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