# Report on Code Usage Exercise for DEEPSOIL V2 Code Developer’s Response to Report on Code Usage Exercise for SUMDES

Note: (a) The following responses are made by the code developer, Dr. Wang, which corresponds to the comments (1 to 9) made by the UCLA team in the section “Notes regarding observed code limitations and opportunities for improvement of user’s manual” in the report on code usage exercise.

(b) The number in bracket (in red) represents the developer’s choice out of the following three options:

 Agree with comment and will make change;

 Agree with comment but insufficient time and resources to make change;

 Disagree with comment and change will not be made;

1.

2.The constitutive law for soil (I used) is mainly for 2D and 3D deformation analyses. Currently, strength determination is a key issue. If I agree with you just to use G/Gmax=0.5 rule, I do not know how reasonable deformation can be calculated. For 1D, no deformation calculation is needed (not relevant). I cannot recommend this rule for a general model. I said, G/Gmax=a (a may not be 0.5) is a measure of soil non-linearity. That means you can independently determine shear strength.

My opinion is that reference strain should be defined as a soil property that does NOT depend on any analytical form of modulus reduction curve. Reference strain stands for two physical meanings a) as a ratio between shear strength of soil and maximum shear modulus. Both can be obtained from in-situ and/or laboratory measurements. Using this two of the three parameters (shear strength, maximum shear modulus and reference strain), a bi-linear model (or a elastic-perfect plastic model) can be defined; b) for a non-linear backbone (or skeletons) curve, or a 1-D model (e.g., hyperbolic model), a measurement for the non-linearity can be defined using the modulus reduction at a strain level, say reference strain. For a hyperbolic model, the reduction at reference strain level is 50%. Now, for the GIVEN modulus reduction curves (T1, T2, G1 through G4), reference strain are read out at level of G/Gmax = 0.5 (I read out slightly different values for G2 and G3). In this way, we should NOT to use the above equation:

because such a definition is a physical definition applicable for all data sets like G1 to G4. Now, using such obtained reference, shear strengths are estimated using the product of the reference strain and measured maximum shear modulus. The question is that for such soils, if we have measured strength values, how close are these estimated strengths using the reference strain defined by G/Gmax = 0.5 compared with those measured strength values? One thing is getting clear now, for clay type of soil, strain rate effect under earthquake loading should be included in the evaluation of shear strength that could raises the strength 30% higher. 

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