# Difference between revisions of "1983 AIME Problems/Problem 11"

## Problem

The solid shown has a square base of side length $s$. The upper edge is parallel to the base and has length $2s$. All other edges have length $s$. Given that $s=6\sqrt{2}$, what is the volume of the solid? $[asy] size(180); import three; pathpen = black+linewidth(0.65); pointpen = black; currentprojection = perspective(30,-20,10); real s = 6 * 2^.5; triple A=(0,0,0),B=(s,0,0),C=(s,s,0),D=(0,s,0),E=(-s/2,s/2,6),F=(3*s/2,s/2,6); draw(A--B--C--D--A--E--D); draw(B--F--C); draw(E--F); label("A",A,W); label("B",B,S); label("C",C,SE); label("D",D,NE); label("E",E,N); label("F",F,N); [/asy]$

## Solution

### Solution 1

First, we find the height of the figure by drawing a perpendicular from the midpoint of $AD$ to $EF$. The hypotenuse of the triangle is the median of equilateral triangle $ADE$, and one of the legs is $3\sqrt{2}$. We apply the Pythagorean Theorem to find that the height is equal to $6$. $[asy] size(180); import three; pathpen = black+linewidth(0.65); pointpen = black; pen d = linewidth(0.65); pen l = linewidth(0.5); currentprojection = perspective(30,-20,10); real s = 6 * 2^.5; triple A=(0,0,0),B=(s,0,0),C=(s,s,0),D=(0,s,0),E=(-s/2,s/2,6),F=(3*s/2,s/2,6); triple Aa=(E.x,0,0),Ba=(F.x,0,0),Ca=(F.x,s,0),Da=(E.x,s,0); draw(A--B--C--D--A--E--D); draw(B--F--C); draw(E--F); draw(B--Ba--Ca--C,dashed+d); draw(A--Aa--Da--D,dashed+d); draw(E--(E.x,E.y,0),dashed+l); draw(F--(F.x,F.y,0),dashed+l); draw(Aa--E--Da,dashed+d); draw(Ba--F--Ca,dashed+d); label("A",A,S); label("B",B,S); label("C",C,S); label("D",D,NE); label("E",E,N); label("F",F,N); label("12\sqrt{2}",(E+F)/2,N); label("6\sqrt{2}",(A+B)/2,S); label("6",(3*s/2,s/2,3),ENE); [/asy]$

Next, we complete the figure into a triangular prism, and find the volume, which is $\frac{6\sqrt{2}\cdot 12\sqrt{2}\cdot 6}{2}=432$.

Now, we subtract off the two extra pyramids that we included, whose combined volume is $2\cdot \left( \frac{6\sqrt{2}\cdot 3\sqrt{2} \cdot 6}{3} \right)=144$.

Thus, our answer is $432-144=\boxed{288}$.

### Solution 2 $[asy] size(180); import three; pathpen = black+linewidth(0.65); pointpen = black; currentprojection = perspective(30,-20,10); real s = 6 * 2^.5; triple A=(0,0,0),B=(s,0,0),C=(s,s,0),D=(0,s,0),E=(-s/2,s/2,6),F=(3*s/2,s/2,6),G=(s/2,-s/2,-6),H=(s/2,3*s/2,-6); draw(A--B--C--D--A--E--D); draw(B--F--C); draw(E--F); draw(A--G--B,dashed);draw(G--H,dashed);draw(C--H--D,dashed); label("A",A,(-1,-1,0)); label("B",B,( 2,-1,0)); label("C",C,( 1, 1,0)); label("D",D,(-1, 1,0)); label("E",E,(0,0,1)); label("F",F,(0,0,1)); label("G",G,(0,0,-1)); label("H",H,(0,0,-1)); [/asy]$

Extend $EA$ and $FB$ to meet at $G$, and $ED$ and $FC$ to meet at $H$. Now, we have a regular tetrahedron $EFGH$, which has twice the volume of our original solid. This tetrahedron has side length $2s = 12\sqrt{2}$. Using the formula for the volume of a regular tetrahedron, which is $V = \frac{\sqrt{2}S^3}{12}$, where S is the side length of the tetrahedron, the volume of our original solid is: $V = \frac{1}{2} \cdot \frac{\sqrt{2} \cdot (12\sqrt{2})^3}{12} = \boxed{288}$

## Solution 3

We can also find the volume by integrating horizontal cross-sections of the solid. As in solution 1, we can find the height of the solid is $6$; thus, we will integrate with respect to height from $0$ to $6$, noting that each cross section of height $dh$ is a rectangle. The problem becomes $\int_0^h(wl)dh$, where $w$ is the width of the rectangle and $l$ is the length. We can express $w$ in terms of $h$ as $w=6\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}h$ since it decreases linearly with respect to $h$, and $l=6\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}h$ since the length increases linearly with respect to $h$. Now we solve: $$\int_0^6(6\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{2}h)(6\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{2}h)d=\int_0^6(72-2h^2)dh=72(6)-2(\frac{1}{3})(6^3)=\boxed{288}$$
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