## math and music - MATh.en.JEANS

and music par ??? des. LycÃ©es danois de HillerÃ¸d et de BrÃ¸nderslev enseignants : Mme Kirsten BangsÃ¸ Jensen et. M. Gert Schomaker. The golden section has ...
page 42

“MATh.en.JEANS” au Palais de la Découverte — 1992

Math and music

Only a few centuries ago, the keyboard on the piano had been divided into octaves, each with twelve tones. By examining the twelvetone octave (see below), we can see that the simply harmony, a triad major follows the principle of the Fibonacci-series. Either we can count the tone intervals in half or in whole tones, but we end up with the Fibonacci-series anyway. However, this does not tell us, that the frequency ratios between these tones are the same as the frequency ratios between the Fibonacci-series. The conclusion to this is, that the golden section is not mathematical in this case, but the principle functions individually in the tone system.

par ??? des Lycées danois de Hillerød et de Brønderslev enseignants : Mme Kirsten Bangsø Jensen et M. Gert Schomaker.

The golden section has always been considered as a principle of dividing things into harmonic proportions. It has been used by painters and architects through centuries, and a number of theories have been advanced with the purpose of explaining the golden section, which seems to be a law of nature. If we look at the opposite part of the problem above, namely where two tones are divided As arts seem to be influenced by the golden into the golden section by their frequency rasection, we wondered if music was also influenced. Our group consisted of two per- tios, i.e. a frequency ratio of approximatively 1.618 (= ϕ), we see that this ratio is almost sons, who both work with music every day. obtained between a tone and its sixth. Therefore it was obvious that we found this particular subject interesting. Unfortunately, For instance a c = 26 1 Hz and its sixth we were given much too little time to work a = 440 Hz. 440/261 = 1.6875. As a musithoroughly with it. cian, you can tell, that this interval (a sixth) does not sound harmonic compared to a third There are many ways of approaching this subject, but it was obvious that our basis or a fifth. Anyway, several composers use this interval on purpose in their works. should be the Fibonacci series, because it has got much relevance to this, and because the A final conclusion to all this must be, that the series has been examined by another group principle of the golden section cannot be re(which is why it will not be further explained garded as being strictly mathematical. in this article).

A

B

C

D

Interval counted in : whole steps 1 3 half steps 1 5

E

F

5 8

G

8 13

A

B

C

D

A
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