# 物理常數

 量 符号 数值 不确定度（10-6） 真空中光速 $c$ 2.99792458×108m/s 准确（定義） 万有引力常数 $G$ 6.67384×10-11m3/(kg·s2) 120 电子电荷,基本电荷 $e$ ,$e_{0}$ 1.602176565×10-19C 0.022 普朗克常数 $h$ 6.62606957×10-34J·s 0.044 约化普朗克常数 $\hbar ={\frac {h}{2\pi }}$ 1.054571726×10-34 J·s 0.044 阿伏伽德罗常数 $N_{A}$ 6.02214129×1023 mol-1 0.044 法拉第常数 $F=N_{A}e_{0}$ 9.64853365×104C/mol 0.022 电子质量 $m_{e}$ 9.10938291×10-31 kg 0.044 0.510998928 MeV 0.022 里德伯常量 $R_{\infty }={\frac {m_{e}c\alpha ^{2}}{2h}}$ 1.0973731568508(65)×107m-1 0.0000050 精细结构常数 $\alpha ={\frac {{e_{0}}^{2}}{4\pi \varepsilon _{0}hc}}$ 7.2973525698×10-3 0.00032 $\alpha ^{-1}$ 137.035999074 0.00032 电子半径 $r_{e}={\frac {h\alpha }{m_{e}c}}$ 2.8179403267×10-15 m 0.00097 康普顿波长 $\lambda _{C}={\frac {h}{m_{e}c}}$ 2.4263102389×10-12 m 0.00065 玻尔半径 $a_{0}=r_{e}\alpha ^{-2}$ 5.2917721092×10-11 m 0.00032 原子质量单位 $u=um($ ${\ce {^12C}}$ $)$ 1.660538921×10-27kg 0.044 质子质量 $m_{p}$ 1.672621777×10-27kg 0.044 938.272046 MeV 0.022 中子质量 $m_{n}$ 1.674927351×10-27kg 0.044 939.565379 MeV 0.022 磁通量子 $\phi _{0}={\frac {h}{2e_{0}}}$ 2.067833758×10-15 Wb 0.022 电子荷质比 ${\frac {-e_{0}}{m_{e}}}$ -1.758820088×1011 C/kg 0.022 玻尔磁子 $\mu _{B}={\frac {e_{0}\hbar }{2m_{e}}}$ 9.27400968×10-24 J/T 0.022 电子磁矩 $\mu _{e}$ 9.28476430×10-24 J/T 0.022 核磁子 $\mu _{N}={\frac {e_{0}\hbar }{2m_{p}}}$ 5.05078353×10-27 J/T 0.022 质子磁矩 $\mu _{P}$ 1.410606743×10-26 J/T 0.024 旋磁比 $\gamma _{P}$ 2.675222005×108 rad/sT 0.24 量子霍尔阻抗 $R_{H}$ 25812.8074434 Ω 0.00032 气体常数 $R$ 8.3144621 J/(mol·K) 0.91 玻尔兹曼常数 $k$ , $k_{B}={\frac {R}{N_{A}}}$ 1.3806488×10-23J/K 0.91 斯特藩-玻尔兹曼常量 $\sigma ={\frac {\pi ^{2}{k_{B}}^{4}}{60\hbar ^{3}c^{2}}}$ 5.670373×10-8W/m2K4 3.6 维恩常量 $b=\lambda _{\mathrm {max} }T$ 2.897721×10-3 m·K 0.91 真空磁导率 $\mu _{0}$ $4\pi \times 10^{-7}$ N/A2 准确（定義） 真空電容率 $\varepsilon _{0}=(\mu _{0}c^{2})^{-1}$ 8.85418781762…×10-12 F/m 准确（定義） 自由空間阻抗 $Z_{0}=\mu _{0}c$ 376.730 313 461… Ω 准确（定義）

## 參考文獻

• Peter J. Mohr and Barry N. Taylor, "CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 1998," Journal of Physical and Chemical Reference Data, Vol. 28, No. 6, 1999 and Reviews of Modern Physics, Vol. 72, No. 2, 2000.
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