# Multiple rare-earth ion environments in amorphous (Gd$$_2$$O$$_3$$)$$_{0.230}$$(P$$_2$$O$$_5$$)$$_{0.770}$$ revealed by gadolinium K-edge anomalous x-ray scattering
Cole, Jacqueline M., Cramer, Alisha J., Shastri, Sarvjit D., Mukaddem, Karim T., Newport, Robert J. (2018) Multiple rare-earth ion environments in amorphous (Gd$$_2$$O$$_3$$)$$_{0.230}$$(P$$_2$$O$$_5$$)$$_{0.770}$$ revealed by gadolinium K-edge anomalous x-ray scattering. Physical Review Materials, 2 (4). Article Number 45604. ISSN 2475-9953. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.045604) (KAR id:73487)
A Gd K-edge anomalous x-ray scattering (AXS) study is performed on the rare-earth (R) phosphate glass, (Gd$$_2$$O$$_3$$)$$_{0.230}$$(P$$_2$$O$$_5$$)$$_{0.770}$$, in order to determine Gd⋯Gd separations in its local structure. The minimum rare-earth separation is of particular interest given that the optical properties of these glasses can quench when rare-earth ions become too close to each other. To this end, a weak Gd⋯Gd pairwise correlation is located at 4.2(1)Å, which is representative of a metaphosphate R⋯R separation. More intense first-neighbor Gd⋯Gd pairwise correlations are found at the larger radial distributions, 4.8(1), 5.1(1), and 5.4(1)Å. These reflect a mixed ultraphosphate and metaphosphate structural character, respectively. A second-neighbor Gd⋯Gd pairwise correlation lies at 6.6(1)Å which is indicative of metaphosphate structures. Meta- and ultraphosphate classifications are made by comparing the R⋯R separations against those of rare-earth phosphate crystal structures, R(PO$$_3$$)$$_3$$ and RP$$_5$$O$$_{14}$$, respectively, or difference pair-distribution function (ΔPDF) features determined on similar glasses using difference neutron-scattering methods. The local structure of this glass is therefore found to display multiple rare-earth ion environments, presumably because its composition lies between these two stoichiometric formulae. These Gd⋯Gd separations are well-resolved in ΔPDFs that represent the AXS signal. Indeed, the spatial resolution is so good that it also enables the identification of R⋯X(X=R, P, O) pairwise correlations up to r∼9Å; their average separations lie at r∼7.1(1), 7.6(1), 7.9(1), 8.4(1), and 8.7(1)Å. This is a report of a Gd K-edge AXS study on an amorphous material. Its demonstrated ability to characterize the local structure of a glass up to such a long range of r heralds exciting prospects for AXS studies on other ternary noncrystalline materials. However, the technical challenge of such an experiment should not be underestimated, as is highlighted in this work where probing AXS signal near the Gd K edge is found to produce inelastic x-ray scattering that precludes the normal AXS methods of data processing. Nonetheless, it is shown that AXS results are not only tractable but they also reveal local structure of rare-earth phosphate glasses that is important from a materials-centered perspective and which could not be obtained by other materials characterization methods.
Item Type: Article 10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.045604 Chemical bonding, Optical & microwave phenomena, Structural properties, Amorphous materials, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray pair-distribution function analysis, X-ray techniques Faculties > Sciences > School of Physical Sciences Robert Newport 15 Apr 2019 11:10 UTC 20 Oct 2020 08:41 UTC https://kar.kent.ac.uk/id/eprint/73487 (The current URI for this page, for reference purposes) https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2365-992X
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