# Exam-Style Questions on Graphs

## Problems on Graphs adapted from questions set in previous Mathematics exams.

### 1.

GCSE Higher

The equation of the line L1 is $$y = 2 - 5x$$.

The equation of the line L2 is $$3y + 15x + 17 = 0$$.

Show that these two lines are parallel.

### 2.

GCSE Higher

Which of the following lines is parallel to the x-axis?

$$y=-7$$

$$x-y=1$$

$$x=10$$

$$x+y=0$$

$$x=y$$

### 3.

GCSE Higher

Show that line $$5y = 7x - 7$$ is perpendicular to line $$7y = -5x + 55$$.

### 4.

GCSE Higher The graph shows the temperature recorded in a tent over a 25 hour period.

(a) For how many of the 25 hours is the temperature more than 5 degrees?

(b) By how much does the temperature change between hour 19 and hour 24?

### 5.

GCSE Higher

A straight line goes through the points $$(a, b)$$ and $$(c, d)$$, where

$$a + 3 = c$$ $$b + 6 = d$$

Find the gradient of the line.

### 6.

GCSE Higher

Sketch the graph of $$y=0.5^x +1$$ for $$0 \le x \le 5$$ labeling the y intercept.

### 7.

GCSE Higher

The straight line $$L$$ has the equation $$4y = 3x + 5$$.

The point A has coordinates $$(6,7)$$.

Find an equation of the straight line that is perpendicular to L and passes through A.

### 8.

GCSE Higher

Lyana has drawn a time series graph to show the number of minutes she spent doing homework on some of the days in June 2021. Write down two things that are wrong or could be misleading with this graph.

### 9.

GCSE Higher

The graph shows the height of water in a container over a period time during which the water enters the container at a constant rate. Which of the following might be a diagram of the container?

a. b. c. d. e. ### 10.

GCSE Higher

The diagram is of a container which is filled with water entering at a constant rate. Which of the following might be the graph of height of the water in the container plotted against time?

a. b. c. d. e. ### 11.

GCSE Higher

The images below show a graphic display calculator screen with different functions displayed as graphs.

a) Which function is trigonometric?

b) Which function is inversely proportional to $$x$$?

c) Which function is exponential?

d) Which function is proportional to $$x^3$$? ### 12.

GCSE Higher

Match the equation with the letter of its graph EquationGraph
$$y=3-\frac{10}{x}$$
$$y=2^x$$
$$y=\sin x$$
$$y=x^2+7x$$
$$y=x^2-8$$
$$y=2-x$$

### 13.

GCSE Higher

The graph of the curve A with equation $$y=f(x)$$ is transformed to give the graph of the curve B with equation $$y=5-f(x)$$.

The point on A with coordinates (3, 9) is mapped to the point W on B.

Find the coordinates of W.

### 14.

GCSE Higher

The diagram shows part of the graph $$y=x^2-3x+6$$. (a) By drawing a suitable straight line, use your graph to find estimates for the solutions of $$x^2 - 4x + 2 = 0$$ to one decimal place.

(b) A is the point (2,4). Calculate an estimate for the gradient of the graph at the point A.

### 15.

GCSE Higher

The graph of y = f(x) is drawn accurately on the grid.

(a) Write down the coordinates of the turning point of the graph. (b) Write down estimates for the roots of f(x) = 0

(c) Use the graph to find an estimate for f(-5.5).

### 16.

GCSE Higher

(a) By completing the square, solve $$x^2+8x+13=0$$ giving your answer to three significant figures.

(b) From the completed square you found in part (a) find the minimum value of the curve $$y=x^2+8x+13$$.

### 17.

GCSE Higher

Suppose a rhombus ABCD is drawn on a coordinate plane with the point A situated at (4,7). The diagonal BD lies on the line $$y = 2x - 5$$

Find the equation the line that passes through A and C.

### 18.

GCSE Higher

The graph shows the temperature ($$T$$) of an unidentified flying object over a period of 10 seconds ($$t$$). Use the graph to work out an estimate of the rate of decrease of temperature at 7 seconds. You must show your working.

### 19.

GCSE Higher

The graph of the following equation is drawn and then reflected in the x-axis

$$y = 2x^2 - 3x + 2$$

(a) What is the equation of the reflected curve?

The original curve is reflected in the y-axis.

(b) What is the equation of this second reflected curve?

### 20.

GCSE Higher

The diagram below is a sketch of a curve, a parabola, which is not drawn to scale.

The quadratic graph intersects the x-axis at (-5, 0) and at another point.

It also intersects the y-axis at (0, –10).

Work out the coordinates of the turning point of the graph if its equation is in the form $$y = x^2 + bx + c$$. ### 21.

GCSE Higher

The graph shows the distance travelled, in metres, of a commuter train as it pulls out of a station. Estimate the speed of the train, in m/s, after 10 seconds. You must show your working.

### 22.

GCSE Higher

(a) Find the interval for which $$x^2 - 9x + 18 \le 0$$

(b) The point (-4, -4) is the turning point of the graph of $$y = x^2 + ax + b$$, where a and b are integers. Find the values of a and b.

### 23.

GCSE Higher

(a) Write $$2x^2+8x+27$$ in the form $$a(x+b)^2+c$$ where $$a$$, $$b$$, and $$c$$ are integers, by 'completing the square'

(b) Hence, or otherwise, find the line of symmetry of the graph of $$y = 2x^2+8x+27$$

(c) Hence, or otherwise, find the turning point of the graph of $$y = 2x^2+8x+27$$

### 24.

GCSE Higher

On the grid below, draw the graph of $$y = 1 - 2x$$ for values of $$x$$ from -2 to 2. ### 25.

IB Standard

A function is defined as $$f(x) = 2{(x - 3)^2} - 5$$ .

(a) Show that $$f(x) = 2{x^2} - 12x + 13$$.

(b) Write down the equation of the axis of symmetry of this graph.

(c) Find the coordinates of the vertex of the graph of $$f(x)$$.

(d) Write down the y-intercept.

(e) Make a sketch the graph of $$f(x)$$.

Let $$g(x) = {x^2}$$. The graph of $$f(x)$$ may be obtained from the graph of $$g(x)$$ by the two transformations:

• a stretch of scale factor $$s$$ in the y-direction;
• followed by a translation of $$\left( {\begin{array}{*{20}{c}} j\\ k \end{array}} \right)$$ .

(f) Find the values of $$j$$, $$k$$ and $$s$$.

### 26.

IB Studies

Consider a straight line graph L1, which intersects the x-axis at A(8, 0) and the y-axis at B (0, 4).

(a) Write down the coordinates of C, the midpoint of line segment AB.

(b) Calculate the gradient of the line L1.

The line L2 is parallel to L1 and passes through the point (5 , 9).

(c) Find the equation of L2. Give your answer in the form $$ay + bx + c = 0$$ where $$a, b \text{ and } c \in \mathbb{Z}$$.

### 27.

IB Standard

$$f$$ and $$g$$ are two functions such that $$g(x)=3f(x+2)+7$$.

The graph of $$f$$ is mapped to the graph of $$g$$ under the following transformations:

A vertical stretch by a factor of $$a$$ , followed by a translation $$\begin{pmatrix}b \\c \\ \end{pmatrix}$$

Find the values of

(a) $$a$$;

(b) $$b$$;

(c) $$c$$.

(d) Consider two other functions $$h$$ and $$j$$. Let $$h(x)=-j(2x)$$. The point A(8, 7) on the graph of $$j$$ is mapped to the point B on the graph of $$h$$. Find the coordinates of B.

### 28.

IB Standard

Let $$f(x) = {x^2}$$ and $$g(x) = 3{(x+2)^2}$$ .

The graph of $$g$$ can be obtained from the graph of $$f$$ using two transformations.

(a) Give a full description of each of the two transformations.

(b) The graph of $$g$$ is translated by the vector $$\begin{pmatrix}-4\\5\\ \end{pmatrix}$$ to give the graph of $$h$$.

The point $$( 2{\text{, }}-1)$$ on the graph of $$f$$ is translated to the point $$P$$ on the graph of $$h$$.

Find the coordinates of $$P$$.

### 29.

IB Standard

(a) Sketch the graph of $$f(x) = 4\sin x - 5\cos x$$, for $$–2\pi \le x \le 2\pi$$.

(b) Find the amplitude of $$f$$.

(c) Find the the period of $$f$$.

(d) Find the $$x$$-intercept that lies between 0 and 3.

(e) Hence write $$f(x)$$ in the form $$a \sin (bx + c)$$.

(f) Write down one value of $$x$$ such that $$f'(x) = 0$$.

(g) Write down the two values of $$p$$ for which the equation $$f(x) = p$$ has exactly two solutions.

### 30.

IB Standard

Let $$f$$ and $$g$$ be functions such that $$g(x) = 3f(x - 2) + 7$$ .

The graph of $$f$$ is mapped to the graph of $$g$$ under the following transformations: vertical stretch by a factor of $$k$$ , followed by a translation $$\left( \begin{array}{l} p\\ q \end{array} \right)$$ .

Write down the value of:

(a) $$k$$

(b) $$p$$

(c) $$q$$

(d) Let $$h(x) = - g(2x)$$ . The point A($$8$$, $$7$$) on the graph of $$g$$ is mapped to the point $${\rm{A}}'$$ on the graph of $$h$$ . Find $${\rm{A}}'$$

### 31.

IB Standard

Let $$f(x) = \frac{9x-3}{bx+9}$$ for $$x \neq -\frac9b, b \neq 0$$.

(a) The line $$x = 3$$ is a vertical asymptote to the graph of $$f$$. Find the value of b.

(b) Write down the equation of the horizontal asymptote to the graph of $$f$$.

(c) The line $$y = c$$ , where $$c\in \mathbb R$$ intersects the graph of $$\begin{vmatrix}f(x) \end{vmatrix}$$ at exactly one point. Find the possible values of $$c$$.

### 32.

IB Standard

Two functions are defined as follows: $$f(x) = 2\ln x$$ and $$g(x) = \ln \frac{x^2}{3}$$.

(a) Express $$g(x)$$ in the form $$f(x) - \ln a$$ , where $$a \in {{\mathbb{Z}}^ + }$$ .

(b) The graph of $$g(x)$$ is a transformation of the graph of $$f(x)$$ . Give a full geometric description of this transformation.

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