/ / Article

Research Article | Open Access

Volume 2012 |Article ID 920170 | https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/920170

Xiaobing Zhou, Zhangbiao Fan, Dongming Zhou, Xiaomei Cai, "Passivity-Based Adaptive Hybrid Synchronization of a New Hyperchaotic System with Uncertain Parameters", The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2012, Article ID 920170, 6 pages, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1100/2012/920170

# Passivity-Based Adaptive Hybrid Synchronization of a New Hyperchaotic System with Uncertain Parameters

Accepted12 Dec 2012
Published27 Dec 2012

#### Abstract

We investigate the adaptive hybrid synchronization problem for a new hyperchaotic system with uncertain parameters. Based on the passivity theory and the adaptive control theory, corresponding controllers and parameter estimation update laws are proposed to achieve hybrid synchronization between two identical uncertain hyperchaotic systems with different initial values, respectively. Numerical simulation indicates that the presented methods work effectively.

#### 1. Introduction

Hyperchaos, characterized as a chaotic attractor with more than one positive Lyapunov exponent, was first reported by Rössler . Due to its great potential in theoretical and engineering applications, hyperchaos has been investigated extensively over the past three decades. Since the hyperchaotic Rössler system was reported, many more hyperchaotic systems have been proposed, such as hyperchaotic Chua’s system, hyperchaotic Chen system, and hyperchaotic LC oscillator system.

Very recently, the authors  constructed a new 4D hyperchaotic system by adding one state variable into the 3D Lü chaotic system. The new hyperchaotic system is shown in the following form: where , , , and are state variables; , , , , and are system parameters, respectively. System (1) is dissipative and has only one equilibrium point . When , , , , and , system (1) exhibits a hyperchaotic attractor, which is illustrated in Figure 1.

In recent years, chaos/hyperchaos synchronization has attracted increasingly attentions due to its potential applications in the fields of secure communication and optical, chemical, physical, and biological systems, and so forth . Until now, a wide variety of approaches have been proposed for the synchronization of chaotic/hyperchaotic systems, such as linear or nonlinear feedback control , delayed feedback control , adaptive control , backstepping design , and sliding mode control , just to name a few. Among all kinds of synchronization schemes, hybrid synchronization, which has been proposed by Li , is a noticeable one. In hybrid synchronization scheme, the complete synchronization and antisynchronization coexist in the system. So, to apply hybrid synchronization to communication systems, the security and secrecy of communication can be enhanced greatly .

Nowadays, the concept of passivity for nonlinear systems has aroused new interest in nonlinear system control. By applying the passivity theory, Yu  designed a linear feedback controller to control the Lorenz system. Wei and Luo  proposed an adaptive passivity-based controller to control chaotic oscillations in the power system. In [15, 16], Kemih realized chaos control for chaotic Lü system and for nuclear spin generator system, respectively. In , Wang and Liu also applied this theory to achieve synchronization between two identical unified chaotic systems. Passivity-based nonlinear controllers were obtained in [18, 19] to synchronize between two identical chaotic systems and between two different chaotic systems, respectively.

In , Huang et al. applied the passivity theory to investigate the hybrid synchronization of a hyperchaotic Lü system, but their method was based on exactly knowing the systems structure and parameters. In practical situations, some or all of the systems parameters cannot be exactly known in priori. Therefore, it is necessary to consider hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic systems in the presence of uncertain parameters. In this paper, we apply the passivity theory to investigate the adaptive hybrid synchronization problem of a new hyperchaotic system with uncertain parameters.

#### 2. Brief Introduction of the Passivity Theory

Consider a nonlinear system modeled by the following ordinary differential equation: where is the state variable; and are input and output values, respectively. and are smooth vector fields and is a smooth mapping. Suppose that the vector field has at least one equilibrium point. Without loss of generality, one can assume that the equilibrium point is . If the equilibrium point is not at , the equilibrium point can be shifted to by coordinate transform.

Definition 1 (see ). System (2) is a minimum phase system if is nonsingular and is one of the asymptotically stabilized equilibrium points of .

Definition 2 (see ). System (2) is passive if there exists a real constant such that for for all , the following inequality holds: or there exists a and a real constant such that
If system (2) has relative degree at (i.e., is nonsingular) and the distribution spanned by the vector field is innovative, then it can be represented as the following normal form: where is nonsingular for any .

Theorem 3 (see ). If system (2) is a minimum phase system and has relative degree at , then system (5) will be equivalent to a passive system and will be asymptotically stable at any equilibrium points through the following local feedback control:

#### 3. Hybrid Synchronization of the New Hyperchaotic System

Let system (1) be the drive system, and the response system is given by the following form: where , , , , and are unknown parameters; and are controllers to be determined.

To investigate the hybrid synchronization, we define the state errors between the drive system (1) and the response system (7) as Then the following error dynamical system can be obtained

Let , , , and ; the error dynamical system (9) can be rewritten as which is a normal formal where ,   and

Theorem 4. The error dynamical system (9) is a minimum phase system.

Proof. Choose the following storage function: where is a Lyapunov function of , is a bound of , namely, , and , , , , and are estimated values of the uncertain parameters , , , , and , respectively.
The zero dynamics of system (11) describes the internal dynamics, which is consistent with the external constraint , that is, , then we have Then, is globally asymptotically stable. Meanwhile, is nonsingular. In the light of Definition 1, system (9) is a minimum phase system.

Theorem 5. If we choose the controllers as and the parameter estimation update laws as where is an external signal vector which is connected with the reference input, the error dynamical system (9) will be asymptotically stable at any desired equilibrium points with different values of , and the hybrid synchronization between the two hyperchaotic systems (1) and (7) with different initial values will be achieved.

Proof. Taking the time derivative of along the trajectory of the error dynamical system (9) yields
According to Theorem 4, the error dynamical system (9) is a minimum phase system, that is, , then (17) becomes
Substituting (15) and (16) into (18) yields
Then, taking integration on both sides of (19), we get
For , let ; the above inequality can be rewritten as
According to Definition 2, system (9) is a passive system. Because is radially unbounded, it follows from (13) that is also radially unbounded, so that the closed-loop system is bounded state stable for . This means that we can use the controllers (15) and parameter estimation update laws (16) to regulate the error dynamical system (9) to the equilibrium points, and the two hyperchaotic systems (1) and (7) with different initial values will be synchronized.

#### 4. A Numerical Simulation

In this section, a numerical simulations is carried out to verify the theoretical results obtained in Section 3. In the following numerical simulation, the fourth order Runge-Kutta method is applied to solve the equations with time step size 0.001. The system parameters are selected as , , , , and , so that system (1) can exhibit a hyperchaotic attractor.

For the hybrid synchronization of the new hyperchaotic system, we consider the drive system (1) and the response system (7). The initial values for them are given as , , , , and , , , , respectively. Thus, the initial errors are , , , . And the initial values of the parameter estimation update laws are . We choose and . Figure 2 shows the time response of states determined by the drive system (1) and the response system (7) with the controllers (15) and the parameter estimation update laws (16). Figures 2(a), 2(b), and 2(d) illustrate antisynchronization of versus , versus , and versus , and Figure 2(c) illustrates complete synchronization of versus . As expected, one can observe that the trajectories of the error dynamical system (9) are asymptotically stabilized at the equilibrium point , as illustrated in Figure 3. From Figures 2 and 3, we can conclude that the hybrid synchronization between the drive system (1) and the response system (7) starting from different initial values is achieved. And the estimations of the parameters are shown in Figure 4, which converge to constants as time goes.

#### 5. Conclusions

In this paper, we have investigated the adaptive hybrid synchronization of a new hyperchaotic system with unknown parameters, which includes complete synchronization and antisynchronization. Based on the passivity theory and the adaptive control theory, hybrid synchronization between two identical hyperchaotic systems with uncertain parameters starting from different initial values is achieved. A numerical simulation is presented to illustrate and verify the theoretical analysis. The simulation result and the theoretical analysis agree quite well.

#### Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Yunnan Province under Grant no. 2009CD019 and the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants no. 61065008, no. 61005087, and no. 61263042.

1. O. E. Rössler, “An equation for hyperchaos,” Physics Letters A, vol. 71, no. 2-3, pp. 155–157, 1979. View at: Google Scholar
2. Z. Ping, C. Yu-Xia, and C. Xue-Feng, “A new hyperchaos system and its circuit simulation by EWB,” Chinese Physics B, vol. 18, no. 4, pp. 1394–1398, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
3. J. J. Jiang and Y. Zhang, “Nonlinear dynamic analysis of speech from pathological subjects,” Electronics Letters, vol. 38, no. 6, pp. 294–295, 2002. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
4. G. Gandhi, “An improved Chua's circuit and its use in hyperchaotic circuit,” Analog Integrated Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 46, no. 2, pp. 173–178, 2006. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
5. D. V. Balachandran and G. Kandiban, “Experimental and numerical realization of higher order autonomous Van der Pol-Duffing oscillator,” Indian Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, vol. 47, no. 11, pp. 823–827, 2009. View at: Google Scholar
6. H. H. Chen, G. J. Sheu, Y. L. Lin, and C. S. Chen, “Chaos synchronization between two different chaotic systems via nonlinear feedback control,” Nonlinear Analysis, Theory, Methods and Applications, vol. 70, no. 12, pp. 4393–4401, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
7. L. Tian, J. Xu, M. Sun, and X. Li, “On a new time-delayed feedback control of chaotic systems,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 831–839, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
8. Y. W. Wang, C. Wen, M. Yang, and J. W. Xiao, “Adaptive control and synchronization for chaotic systems with parametric uncertainties,” Physics Letters A, vol. 372, no. 14, pp. 2409–2414, 2008. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
9. U. E. Vincent, A. Ucar, J. A. Laoye, and S. O. Kareem, “Control and synchronization of chaos in RCL-shunted Josephson junction using backstepping design,” Physica C, vol. 468, no. 5, pp. 374–382, 2008. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
10. C. C. Kong and S. H. Chen, “Synchronization of noise-perturbed generalized Lorenz system by sliding mode control,” Chinese Physics B, vol. 18, no. 1, pp. 91–97, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
11. R. H. Li, “A special full-state hybrid projective synchronization in symmetrical chaotic systems,” Applied Mathematics and Computation, vol. 200, no. 1, pp. 321–329, 2008. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
12. K. S. Sudheer and M. Sabir, “Hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Lu system,” Pramana, vol. 73, no. 4, pp. 781–786, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
13. W. Yu, “Passive equivalence of chaos in Lorenz system,” IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I, vol. 46, no. 7, pp. 876–878, 1999. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
14. D. Q. Wei and X. S. Luo, “Passivity-based adaptive control of chaotic oscillations in power system,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 31, no. 3, pp. 665–671, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
15. K. Kemih, “Passivity-based control of chaotic Lu system,” International Journal of Innovative Computing Information and Control, vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 331–337, 2006. View at: Google Scholar
16. K. Kemih, “Control of nuclear spin generator system based on passive control,” Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 1897–1901, 2009. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
17. F. Wang and C. Liu, “Synchronization of unified chaotic system based on passive control,” Physica D, vol. 225, no. 1, pp. 55–60, 2007. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
18. K. A. Choon, “A passivity based synchronization for chaotic behavior in nonlinear bloch equations,” Chinese Physics Letters, vol. 27, no. 1, Article ID 010503, 2010. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
19. C. K. Ahn, S. T. Jung, and S. C. Joo, “A passivity based synchronization between two different chaotic systems,” International Journal of Physical Sciences, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 287–292, 2010. View at: Google Scholar
20. X. Huang, Z. Wang, and Y. Li, “Hybrid synchronization of hyperchaotic Lü system based on passive control,” in Proceedings of the 3rd International Workshop on Chaos-Fractals Theories and Applications (IWCFTA '10), pp. 34–38, Kunming, China, October 2010. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
21. C. I. Byrnes, A. Isidori, and J. C. Willems, “Passivity, feedback equivalence, and the global stabilization of minimum phase nonlinear systems,” IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol. 36, no. 11, pp. 1228–1240, 1991. View at: Publisher Site | Google Scholar
{"ft_lang_label":"__label__en","ft_lang_prob":0.84589875,"math_prob":0.7583827,"size":14712,"snap":"2022-05-2022-21","text_gpt3_token_len":3516,"char_repetition_ratio":0.17215121,"word_repetition_ratio":0.11354839,"special_character_ratio":0.24870853,"punctuation_ratio":0.20259832,"nsfw_num_words":0,"has_unicode_error":false,"math_prob_llama3":0.97837114,"pos_list":[0],"im_url_duplicate_count":[null],"WARC_HEADER":"{\"WARC-Type\":\"response\",\"WARC-Date\":\"2022-05-21T13:47:11Z\",\"WARC-Record-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:a1bf69f4-4604-4fb8-b9ea-05b57b72cc54>\",\"Content-Length\":\"824630\",\"Content-Type\":\"application/http; msgtype=response\",\"WARC-Warcinfo-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:817231d4-0935-4388-84da-54efa415df7f>\",\"WARC-Concurrent-To\":\"<urn:uuid:eb04d70c-27ca-40af-a423-8be866540441>\",\"WARC-IP-Address\":\"13.32.208.126\",\"WARC-Target-URI\":\"https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2012/920170/\",\"WARC-Payload-Digest\":\"sha1:QPLTTNIWNHU74YWIJ4AH4UWZR7YRIXRP\",\"WARC-Block-Digest\":\"sha1:E7LAKYDJ5QGPFURZ6SC2GQZNGVFNA3OP\",\"WARC-Identified-Payload-Type\":\"text/html\",\"warc_filename\":\"/cc_download/warc_2022/CC-MAIN-2022-21/CC-MAIN-2022-21_segments_1652662539101.40_warc_CC-MAIN-20220521112022-20220521142022-00637.warc.gz\"}"}