# Equivalence Relation/Examples/Non-Equivalence/Is the Mother Of

## Example of Relation which is not Equivalence

Let $P$ denote the set of people.

Let $\sim$ be the relation on $P$ defined as:

$\forall \tuple {x, y} \in P \times P: x \sim y \iff \text {$x$is the mother of$y$}$

Then $\sim$ is not an equivalence relation.

The same applies (trivially) to the relation:

$\forall \tuple {x, y} \in P \times P: x \sim y \iff \text {$x$is the father of$y$}$

## Proof

For a start, no person can be his or her own mother, so:

$\forall x: x \nsim x$

So $\sim$ is not reflexive.

Then:

If $x \sim y$ then $y$ is the son or daughter of $x$.

So $\sim$ is not symmetric.

Then:

if $x \sim y$ and $y \sim z$ it follows that $x$ is the grandmother of $z$, not his or her mother.

So $\sim$ is not transitive.

$\blacksquare$
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