The Exciting Universe Of Music Theory
presents

more than you ever wanted to know about...

# Scale 3913: "Bonian" ### Bracelet Diagram

The bracelet shows tones that are in this scale, starting from the top (12 o'clock), going clockwise in ascending semitones. The "i" icon marks imperfect tones that do not have a tone a fifth above. Dotted lines indicate axes of symmetry.

### Tonnetz Diagram

Tonnetz diagrams are popular in Neo-Riemannian theory. Notes are arranged in a lattice where perfect 5th intervals are from left to right, major third are northeast, and major 6th intervals are northwest. Other directions are inverse of their opposite. This diagram helps to visualize common triads (they're triangles) and circle-of-fifth relationships (horizontal lines).

Zeitler
Bonian
Dozenal
Yuxian

## Analysis

#### Cardinality

Cardinality is the count of how many pitches are in the scale.

7 (heptatonic)

#### Pitch Class Set

The tones in this scale, expressed as numbers from 0 to 11

{0,3,6,8,9,10,11}

#### Forte Number

A code assigned by theorist Allen Forte, for this pitch class set and all of its transpositional (rotation) and inversional (reflection) transformations.

7-10

#### Rotational Symmetry

Some scales have rotational symmetry, sometimes known as "limited transposition". If there are any rotational symmetries, these are the intervals of periodicity.

none

#### Reflection Axes

If a scale has an axis of reflective symmetry, then it can transform into itself by inversion. It also implies that the scale has Ridge Tones. Notably an axis of reflection can occur directly on a tone or half way between two tones.

none

#### Palindromicity

A palindromic scale has the same pattern of intervals both ascending and descending.

no

#### Chirality

A chiral scale can not be transformed into its inverse by rotation. If a scale is chiral, then it has an enantiomorph.

yes
enantiomorph: 607

#### Hemitonia

A hemitone is two tones separated by a semitone interval. Hemitonia describes how many such hemitones exist.

4 (multihemitonic)

#### Cohemitonia

A cohemitone is an instance of two adjacent hemitones. Cohemitonia describes how many such cohemitones exist.

3 (tricohemitonic)

#### Imperfections

An imperfection is a tone which does not have a perfect fifth above it in the scale. This value is the quantity of imperfections in this scale.

4

#### Modes

Modes are the rotational transformations of this scale. This number does not include the scale itself, so the number is usually one less than its cardinality; unless there are rotational symmetries then there are even fewer modes.

6

#### Prime Form

Describes if this scale is in prime form, using the Rahn/Ring formula.

no
prime: 607

#### Generator

Indicates if the scale can be constructed using a generator, and an origin.

none

#### Deep Scale

A deep scale is one where the interval vector has 6 different digits.

no

#### Interval Structure

Defines the scale as the sequence of intervals between one tone and the next.

[3, 3, 2, 1, 1, 1, 1]

#### Interval Vector

Describes the intervallic content of the scale, read from left to right as the number of occurences of each interval size from semitone, up to six semitones.

<4, 4, 5, 3, 3, 2>

#### Interval Spectrum

The same as the Interval Vector, but expressed in a syntax used by Howard Hanson.

p3m3n5s4d4t2

#### Distribution Spectra

Describes the specific interval sizes that exist for each generic interval size. Each generic <g> has a spectrum {n,...}. The Spectrum Width is the difference between the highest and lowest values in each spectrum.

<1> = {1,2,3}
<2> = {2,3,4,5,6}
<3> = {3,4,5,6,7,8}
<4> = {4,5,6,7,8,9}
<5> = {6,7,8,9,10}
<6> = {9,10,11}

#### Spectra Variation

Determined by the Distribution Spectra; this is the sum of all spectrum widths divided by the scale cardinality.

3.143

#### Maximally Even

A scale is maximally even if the tones are optimally spaced apart from each other.

no

#### Maximal Area Set

A scale is a maximal area set if a polygon described by vertices dodecimetrically placed around a circle produces the maximal interior area for scales of the same cardinality. All maximally even sets have maximal area, but not all maximal area sets are maximally even.

no

#### Interior Area

Area of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle, ie a circle with radius of 1.

2.433

#### Polygon Perimeter

Perimeter of the polygon described by vertices placed for each tone of the scale dodecimetrically around a unit circle.

5.899

#### Myhill Property

A scale has Myhill Property if the Interval Spectra has exactly two specific intervals for every generic interval.

no

#### Balanced

A scale is balanced if the distribution of its tones would satisfy the "centrifuge problem", ie are placed such that it would balance on its centre point.

no

#### Ridge Tones

Ridge Tones are those that appear in all transpositions of a scale upon the members of that scale. Ridge Tones correspond directly with axes of reflective symmetry.

none

#### Propriety

Also known as Rothenberg Propriety, named after its inventor. Propriety describes whether every specific interval is uniquely mapped to a generic interval. A scale is either "Proper", "Strictly Proper", or "Improper".

Improper

#### Heteromorphic Profile

Defined by Norman Carey (2002), the heteromorphic profile is an ordered triple of (c, a, d) where c is the number of contradictions, a is the number of ambiguities, and d is the number of differences. When c is zero, the scale is Proper. When a is also zero, the scale is Strictly Proper.

(46, 40, 104)

These are the common triads (major, minor, augmented and diminished) that you can create from members of this scale.

* Pitches are shown with C as the root

B{11,3,6}331.63
g♯m{8,11,3}231.75
d♯°{3,6,9}231.88
f♯°{6,9,0}231.88
{9,0,3}231.75

view full size

Above is a graph showing opportunities for parsimonious voice leading between triads*. Each line connects two triads that have two common tones, while the third tone changes by one generic scale step.

Diameter 3 3 yes

## Modes

Modes are the rotational transformation of this scale. Scale 3913 can be rotated to make 6 other scales. The 1st mode is itself.

 2nd mode:Scale 1001 Badian 3rd mode:Scale 637 Debussy's Heptatonic 4th mode:Scale 1183 Sadian 5th mode:Scale 2639 Dothian 6th mode:Scale 3367 Moptian 7th mode:Scale 3731 Aeryrian

## Prime

The prime form of this scale is Scale 607

 Scale 607 Kadian

## Complement

The heptatonic modal family [3913, 1001, 637, 1183, 2639, 3367, 3731] (Forte: 7-10) is the complement of the pentatonic modal family [91, 1547, 1729, 2093, 2821] (Forte: 5-10)

## Inverse

The inverse of a scale is a reflection using the root as its axis. The inverse of 3913 is 607

 Scale 607 Kadian

## Enantiomorph

Only scales that are chiral will have an enantiomorph. Scale 3913 is chiral, and its enantiomorph is scale 607

 Scale 607 Kadian

## Transformations:

In the abbreviation, the subscript number after "T" is the number of semitones of tranposition, "M" means the pitch class is multiplied by 5, and "I" means the result is inverted. Operation is an identical way to express the same thing; the syntax is <a,b> where each tone of the set x is transformed by the equation y = ax + b

Abbrev Operation Result Abbrev Operation Result
T0 <1,0> 3913       T0I <11,0> 607
T1 <1,1> 3731      T1I <11,1> 1214
T2 <1,2> 3367      T2I <11,2> 2428
T3 <1,3> 2639      T3I <11,3> 761
T4 <1,4> 1183      T4I <11,4> 1522
T5 <1,5> 2366      T5I <11,5> 3044
T6 <1,6> 637      T6I <11,6> 1993
T7 <1,7> 1274      T7I <11,7> 3986
T8 <1,8> 2548      T8I <11,8> 3877
T9 <1,9> 1001      T9I <11,9> 3659
T10 <1,10> 2002      T10I <11,10> 3223
T11 <1,11> 4004      T11I <11,11> 2351
Abbrev Operation Result Abbrev Operation Result
T0M <5,0> 733      T0MI <7,0> 1897
T1M <5,1> 1466      T1MI <7,1> 3794
T2M <5,2> 2932      T2MI <7,2> 3493
T3M <5,3> 1769      T3MI <7,3> 2891
T4M <5,4> 3538      T4MI <7,4> 1687
T5M <5,5> 2981      T5MI <7,5> 3374
T6M <5,6> 1867      T6MI <7,6> 2653
T7M <5,7> 3734      T7MI <7,7> 1211
T8M <5,8> 3373      T8MI <7,8> 2422
T9M <5,9> 2651      T9MI <7,9> 749
T10M <5,10> 1207      T10MI <7,10> 1498
T11M <5,11> 2414      T11MI <7,11> 2996

The transformations that map this set to itself are: T0

## Nearby Scales:

These are other scales that are similar to this one, created by adding a tone, removing a tone, or moving one note up or down a semitone.

 Scale 3915 Yuyian Scale 3917 Katoptyllic Scale 3905 Yusian Scale 3909 Rydian Scale 3921 Pythian Scale 3929 Aeolothyllic Scale 3945 Lydyllic Scale 3849 Yikian Scale 3881 Morian Scale 3977 Kythian Scale 4041 Zaryllic Scale 3657 Epynimic Scale 3785 Epagian Scale 3401 Palimic Scale 2889 Thoptimic Scale 1865 Thagimic

This scale analysis was created by Ian Ring, Canadian Composer of works for Piano, and total music theory nerd. Scale notation generated by VexFlow, graph visualization by Graphviz, and MIDI playback by MIDI.js. All other diagrams and visualizations are © Ian Ring. Some scale names used on this and other pages are ©2005 William Zeitler (http://allthescales.org) used with permission.

Pitch spelling algorithm employed here is adapted from a method by Uzay Bora, Baris Tekin Tezel, and Alper Vahaplar. (An algorithm for spelling the pitches of any musical scale) Contact authors Patent owner: Dokuz Eylül University, Used with Permission. Contact TTO

Tons of background resources contributed to the production of this summary; for a list of these peruse this Bibliography. Special thanks to Richard Repp for helping with technical accuracy, and George Howlett for assistance with the Carnatic ragas.
{"ft_lang_label":"__label__en","ft_lang_prob":0.7962861,"math_prob":0.93220735,"size":9077,"snap":"2020-45-2020-50","text_gpt3_token_len":2918,"char_repetition_ratio":0.12366362,"word_repetition_ratio":0.02004008,"special_character_ratio":0.33160737,"punctuation_ratio":0.14028384,"nsfw_num_words":0,"has_unicode_error":false,"math_prob_llama3":0.9563223,"pos_list":[0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27,28,29,30,31,32,33,34,35,36,37,38,39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46,47,48,49,50,51,52,53,54],"im_url_duplicate_count":[null,null,null,2,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null,null],"WARC_HEADER":"{\"WARC-Type\":\"response\",\"WARC-Date\":\"2020-10-24T23:23:52Z\",\"WARC-Record-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:5d4e111f-29d8-4dfb-9d23-cd5b5ba42cac>\",\"Content-Length\":\"177489\",\"Content-Type\":\"application/http; msgtype=response\",\"WARC-Warcinfo-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:090bc2d9-a600-46ac-a30e-ea2f1272d022>\",\"WARC-Concurrent-To\":\"<urn:uuid:daeb28cc-b0e3-4f9b-a34d-ed04be01c2b4>\",\"WARC-IP-Address\":\"138.197.163.95\",\"WARC-Target-URI\":\"https://ianring.com/musictheory/scales/3913\",\"WARC-Payload-Digest\":\"sha1:MXMCSMBCYUEQHAHJLPWYHKHMWX6LIFEG\",\"WARC-Block-Digest\":\"sha1:HG6UNNZN342D7G4WT62DLWV43X3ZKWPE\",\"WARC-Identified-Payload-Type\":\"text/html\",\"warc_filename\":\"/cc_download/warc_2020/CC-MAIN-2020-45/CC-MAIN-2020-45_segments_1603107885059.50_warc_CC-MAIN-20201024223210-20201025013210-00659.warc.gz\"}"}