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# Knowles Beneish M-Score

: -2.55 (As of Today)
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The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of less than -2.22 suggests that the company is not an accounting manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -2.22 signals that the company is likely an accounting manipulator.

Knowles has a M-score of -2.55 suggests that the company is not a manipulator.

NYSE:KN' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.72   Max: -2.3
Current: -2.55

-3.72
-2.3

During the past 9 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Knowles was -2.30. The lowest was -3.72. And the median was -2.76.

## Knowles Beneish M-Score Historical Data

* All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their local exchange's currency.

 Knowles Annual Data Dec11 Dec12 Dec13 Dec14 Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Beneish M-Score -3.67 -2.97 -2.30 -2.49 -2.55

Competitive Comparison
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap.

Knowles Beneish M-Score Distribution

* The bar in red indicates where Knowles's Beneish M-Score falls into.

## Knowles Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Knowles for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

 M = -4.84 + 0.92 * DSRI + 0.528 * GMI + 0.404 * AQI + 0.892 * SGI + 0.115 * DEPI = -4.84 + 0.92 * 1.1004 + 0.528 * 1.0167 + 0.404 * 0.9884 + 0.892 * 1.0337 + 0.115 * 1.0741 - 0.172 * SGAI + 4.679 * TATA - 0.327 * LVGI - 0.172 * 0.9891 + 4.679 * -0.0424 - 0.327 * 1.027 = -2.55

* All numbers are in millions except for per share data and ratio. All numbers are in their local exchange's currency.

 This Year (Dec19) TTM: Last Year (Dec18) TTM: Accounts Receivable was \$159.6 Mil. Revenue was 233.9 + 235.9 + 205.2 + 179.8 = \$854.8 Mil. Gross Profit was 89.6 + 93.5 + 76.4 + 68.5 = \$328.0 Mil. Total Current Assets was \$388.4 Mil. Total Assets was \$1,654.6 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was \$240.1 Mil. Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was \$54.4 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was \$145.7 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was \$151.5 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was \$188.8 Mil. Net Income was 20.5 + 25.4 + 5.9 + -2.7 = \$49.1 Mil. Non Operating Income was -1 + -1.3 + 0.4 + -2.8 = \$-4.7 Mil. Cash Flow from Operations was 73.3 + 39.7 + 22.1 + -11.2 = \$123.9 Mil. Accounts Receivable was \$140.3 Mil. Revenue was 223.8 + 236.2 + 188.4 + 178.5 = \$826.9 Mil. Gross Profit was 94.3 + 89.8 + 73.2 + 65.3 = \$322.6 Mil. Total Current Assets was \$365.0 Mil. Total Assets was \$1,547.9 Mil. Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was \$211.7 Mil. (DDA) was \$52.4 Mil. Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was \$142.5 Mil. Total Current Liabilities was \$141.8 Mil. Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was \$168.2 Mil.

1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Accounts Receivable in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

 DSRI = (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) = (159.6 / 854.8) / (140.3 / 826.9) = 0.18671034 / 0.16966985 = 1.1004

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

 GMI = GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t = (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) = (322.6 / 826.9) / (328 / 854.8) = 0.39013182 / 0.38371549 = 1.0167

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

 AQI = (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) = (1 - (388.4 + 240.1) / 1654.6) / (1 - (365 + 211.7) / 1547.9) = 0.62014989 / 0.62743071 = 0.9884

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

 SGI = Sales_t / Sales_t-1 = Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1 = 854.8 / 826.9 = 1.0337

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

 DEPI = (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) = (52.4 / (52.4 + 211.7)) / (54.4 / (54.4 + 240.1)) = 0.19840969 / 0.18471986 = 1.0741

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of c in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

 SGAI = (SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) = (145.7 / 854.8) / (142.5 / 826.9) = 0.17044923 / 0.17233039 = 0.9891

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase\$sgai= in leverage

 LVGI = ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) = ((188.8 + 151.5) / 1654.6) / ((168.2 + 141.8) / 1547.9) = 0.20566904 / 0.20027134 = 1.027

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

 TATA = (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t = (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t = (49.1 - -4.7 - 123.9) / 1654.6 = -0.0424

An M-Score of less than -2.22 suggests that the company will not be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -2.22 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Knowles has a M-score of -2.55 suggests that the company will not be a manipulator.
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