# Questions tagged [z-transform]

The Z-transform converts a discrete time-domain signal, which is a sequence of real or complex numbers, into a complex frequency-domain representation.

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### How can the order of a transfer function be derived from its equivalent state space representation?

Suppose I have a discrete state space model: \begin{align} \theta[k+1] &= A \theta[k] + B u[k]\\ y[k] &= C \theta[k] \end{align} I know that the equivalent transfer function can be found by ...
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### Discrepancy when calculating LTI system output using inverse z-Transform

I'm given a difference equation, $y[n]-0.4y[n-1]=x[n]$, and asked to find the natural response $y_n[n]$, forced response $y_f[n]$ and complete response $y[n]$ if $x[n]=4 (0.25)^nu[n]$ and $y=0$. ...
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### Transform Function with Non Linearity

I'm a newbie to Signal Processing - my apologies if this question is too obvious (I'm a financial trader trying to use DSP techniques). For a linear filter: $y[n] = (1-p) x[n]+p y[n-1]$ we can the ...
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### Evaluating the inverse $\mathcal Z$-transform on the unit circle

I am trying to understand the math. The inverse $\mathcal Z$-transform is given by: $$x[n] = \displaystyle\frac{1}{j2\pi} \int_cX(z)z^{n-1}dz$$ where $\displaystyle \int_c$ is a contour integral. ...
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### Determining which Filter from a Z-Plane Plots?

How do i determine which FIR filter (LP, HP, BS, BP) it is from looking at it's z-plane plot?
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### For linear IIR digital filter, what happens for negative frequencies?

By negative frequency, I refer to Fourier transform. Often, the frequency response of a digital filter is only displayed for positive frequencies. For a linear IIR digital filter, what happens for ...
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### Why Z-transform is considered as separate transform?

The mathematical formula of the Laplace and Z transforms are same with just one difference. I.e. in the first we use $t$ for continuous-time signal and in the latter uses $n$ for discrete-time signal....
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### Is it possible to calculate a z-transform for a filter calculated with Parks-McClellan?

I would like to know whether this can be done and if then how would this feat be acomplished in Matlab given a filter calculated with Remez? h = remez(...); If ...
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