# Tough Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers

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This set consists of Tough Electromagnetic Theory Questions and Answers.

1. Copper behaves as a
a) Conductor always
b) Conductor or dielectric depending on the applied electric field strength
c) Conductor or dielectric depending on the frequency
d) Conductor or dielectric depending on the electric current density

Explanation: The loss tangent for copper is very large due to its high conductivity. This shows that the copper behaves as a conductor in all conditions.

2. In a good conductor the phase relation between the tangential components of electric E and the magnetic field H is as follows
a) E and H are in phase
b) E and H are out of phase
c) H leads E by 90
d) E leads H by 45

Explanation: In a conductor, the intrinsic impedance gives the phase relation between E and H. For a conductor, the electric field and magnetic field are in 45 degree phase difference. E and H are 45 leading.

3. For an electromagnetic wave incident from one medium to a second medium, total internal reflection takes place when
a) Angle of incidence is equal to the Brewster angle with E field perpendicular to the plane of incidence
b) Angle of incidence is equal to the Brewster angle with E field parallel to the plane of incidence
c) Angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle with the wave moving from the denser to rarer medium
d) Angle of incidence is equal to the critical angle with the wave moving from the rarer to denser medium

Explanation: Total internal reflection takes place when the angle of incidence is greater than the critical angle. Also the wave should move from the denser medium to a rarer medium.
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4. For maximum power transfer, a lossless transmission line 50 ohm is to be matched to a resistive load impedance of 100 ohm. The characteristic impedance of the wavelength/4 transformer is
a) 70.7
b) 50
c) 100
d) Infinity

Explanation: For maximum power transfer, Zin = Z02/ZL. On substituting for the given values, we get the characteristic impedance as 70.7 ohm.

5. In an impedance Smith chart , a clockwise movement along a constant resistance circle gives rise to
a) Decrease in reactance
b) Increase in reactance
c) No change in reactance
d) No change in impedance

Explanation: In clockwise direction, along the constant resistance circle gives rise to an increase in the value of reactance.

6. A transmission line is distortionless if
a) RL = 1/GC
b) RL = GC
c) LG = RC
d) RG = LC

Explanation: Condition for distortionless line is R/L = G/C. In other words, the rise time constant is equal to the fall time constant. Hence RC = LG.

7. A lossless line having 50 ohm characteristic impedance and length wavelength/4 is short circuited at one end connected to an ideal voltage source of 1V at the other end. The current drawn from the voltage sources is
a) 0
b) 0.02
c) Infinity
d) 50

Explanation: For a quarter wave transformer, the input impedance is given by Zin = Z02/ZL. The load impedance will be zero in case of short circuit. Thus the input impedance will be infinite. The current drawn is I = V/ZL = 1/∞ = 0.

8. The capacitance per unit length and the characteristic impedance of a lossless transmission line are C and Z respectively. The velocity of a travelling wave on the transmission line is
a) ZC
b) 1/ZC
c) Z/C
d) C/Z

Explanation: The characteristic impedance of the Z = √(L/C) and the velocity of propagation is V = 1/√(LC). Thus we get V = 1/ZC.

9. The minimum distance of the stub from the load side is 5 cm. Calculate the guided wavelength of the transmission line.
a) 5 cm
b) 2.5 cm
c) 10 cm
d) 1.25 cm

Explanation: The minimum distance of the stub from the load line is given by Vmin = wavelength/2. On substituting the given value, we get the guided wavelength as 10 cm.

10. One end of a lossless transmission line having the characteristic impedance of 75 ohm and length of 1 cm is short circuited. At 3 GHz, the input impedance at the other end of the transmission line is
a) 0
b) Resistive
c) Inductive
d) Capacitive

Explanation: The input impedance is given by ZIN = j Zo tan 2pi l/wavelength. For short circuited line, ZL = 0. On substituting the given values we get the input impedance as j54.49 ohm.

Sanfoundry Global Education & Learning Series – Electromagnetic Theory.
To practice all areas of Electromagnetic Theory, here is complete set of 1000+ Multiple Choice Questions and Answers.
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