# Document (#24070)

Editor
Hovy, E. et al
Title
Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999
Source
http://www.cs.cmu.edu/~ref/mlim/index.shtml
Year
1999
Abstract
Over the past 50 years, a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in machine translation, information retrieval, speech recognition, text summarization, and so on. These applications rest upon a set of core techniques such as language modeling, information extraction, parsing, generation, and multimedia planning and integration; and they involve methods using statistics, rules, grammars, lexicons, ontologies, training techniques, and so on. It is a puzzling fact that although all of this work deals with language in some form or other, the major applications have each developed a separate research field. For example, there is no reason why speech recognition techniques involving n-grams and hidden Markov models could not have been used in machine translation 15 years earlier than they were, or why some of the lexical and semantic insights from the subarea called Computational Linguistics are still not used in information retrieval.
This picture will rapidly change. The twin challenges of massive information overload via the web and ubiquitous computers present us with an unavoidable task: developing techniques to handle multilingual and multi-modal information robustly and efficiently, with as high quality performance as possible. The most effective way for us to address such a mammoth task, and to ensure that our various techniques and applications fit together, is to start talking across the artificial research boundaries. Extending the current technologies will require integrating the various capabilities into multi-functional and multi-lingual natural language systems. However, at this time there is no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework. What would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine, and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text? How can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques? What would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval? At which points should machine translation be interleaved within information retrieval systems to enable multilingual processing?
Theme
Multilinguale Probleme

## Similar documents (content)

1. Chowdhury, G.G.: Natural language processing (2002) 0.59
```0.589929 = sum of:
0.589929 = product of:
1.2290187 = sum of:
0.016894843 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016894843 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.06699225 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0247488 = boost
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.252191 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.05325312 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05325312 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.14401858 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5024997 = boost
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.36976564 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.12197524 = weight(abstract_txt:summarization in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12197524 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.21861124 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5114568 = boost
7.1418247 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.557955 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
7.1418247 = idf(docFreq=90, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.034753125 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034753125 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.12846968 = queryWeight, product of:
1.8320184 = boost
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.2705162 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.11905998 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11905998 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.246244 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9646626 = boost
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4835041 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.12479735 = weight(abstract_txt:multilingual in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12479735 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.2540926 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9957271 = boost
6.2867084 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4911491 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.2867084 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.23502114 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.23502114 = score(doc=285,freq=2.0), product of:
0.3075505 = queryWeight, product of:
2.1956513 = boost
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.76417094 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.13847946 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.13847946 = score(doc=285,freq=5.0), product of:
0.18883027 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2210858 = boost
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.73335415 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
5.0 = termFreq=5.0
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.1023436 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1023436 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.24502392 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2629697 = boost
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4176882 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.030798621 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.030798621 = score(doc=285,freq=2.0), product of:
0.11443874 = queryWeight, product of:
2.3198094 = boost
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.26912758 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.15842152 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15842152 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.3278769 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6177604 = boost
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.48317376 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.093220696 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 285) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.093220696 = score(doc=285,freq=1.0), product of:
0.26355627 = queryWeight, product of:
2.8744636 = boost
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.3537032 = fieldWeight in 285, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=285)
0.48 = coord(12/25)
```
2. Brill, E.: ¬An overview of empirical natural language processing (1997) 0.41
```0.41120481 = sum of:
0.41120481 = product of:
1.2850151 = sum of:
0.027031751 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.027031751 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.06699225 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0247488 = boost
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.40350562 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.2504346 = weight(abstract_txt:parsing in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2504346 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.25815126 = queryWeight, product of:
1.6424669 = boost
7.760864 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.970108 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
7.760864 = idf(docFreq=48, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.19049597 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.19049597 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.246244 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9646626 = boost
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.77360654 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.26589608 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26589608 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.3075505 = queryWeight, product of:
2.1956513 = boost
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.8645607 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.09908784 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09908784 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.18883027 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2210858 = boost
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.5247455 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.16374975 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.16374975 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.24502392 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2629697 = boost
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.6683011 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.034844663 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034844663 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.11443874 = queryWeight, product of:
2.3198094 = boost
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.30448312 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.2534744 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 4250) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2534744 = score(doc=4250,freq=1.0), product of:
0.3278769 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6177604 = boost
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.773078 = fieldWeight in 4250, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.125 = fieldNorm(doc=4250)
0.32 = coord(8/25)
```
3. Liu, X.; Croft, W.B.: Statistical language modeling for information retrieval (2004) 0.40
```0.40246046 = sum of:
0.40246046 = product of:
0.8384593 = sum of:
0.03497015 = weight(abstract_txt:years in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03497015 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.09569318 = queryWeight, product of:
4.7251263 = idf(docFreq=1019, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.36544034 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7251263 = idf(docFreq=1019, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.025911884 = weight(abstract_txt:could in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.025911884 = score(doc=278,freq=1.0), product of:
0.09872459 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0157157 = boost
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.26246637 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.016725043 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.016725043 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.06699225 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0247488 = boost
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.24965636 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.01069287 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.01069287 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.05472119 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0694298 = boost
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.19540639 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.052717898 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.052717898 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14401858 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5024997 = boost
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.3660493 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.042135928 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.042135928 = score(doc=278,freq=3.0), product of:
0.12846968 = queryWeight, product of:
1.8320184 = boost
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.32798344 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.117863365 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.117863365 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.246244 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9646626 = boost
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4786446 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.16451481 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.16451481 = score(doc=278,freq=2.0), product of:
0.3075505 = queryWeight, product of:
2.1956513 = boost
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.5349197 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.156304 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.156304 = score(doc=278,freq=13.0), product of:
0.18883027 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2210858 = boost
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.82774866 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
13.0 = termFreq=13.0
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.07164052 = weight(abstract_txt:machine in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07164052 = score(doc=278,freq=1.0), product of:
0.24502392 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2629697 = boost
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.29238173 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.346409 = idf(docFreq=547, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.034087833 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034087833 = score(doc=278,freq=5.0), product of:
0.11443874 = queryWeight, product of:
2.3198094 = boost
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.29786968 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
5.0 = termFreq=5.0
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.11089506 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 278) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.11089506 = score(doc=278,freq=1.0), product of:
0.3278769 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6177604 = boost
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.33822164 = fieldWeight in 278, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=278)
0.48 = coord(12/25)
```
4. Wittbrock, M.J.; Hauptmann, A.G.: Speech recognition for a digital video library (1998) 0.32
```0.31508085 = sum of:
0.31508085 = product of:
0.78770214 = sum of:
0.029613582 = weight(abstract_txt:could in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.029613582 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.09872459 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0157157 = boost
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.29996157 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.013515876 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.013515876 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.06699225 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0247488 = boost
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.20175281 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.03400893 = weight(abstract_txt:technologies in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03400893 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.10826632 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0636683 = boost
5.0259666 = idf(docFreq=754, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.31412292 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
5.0259666 = idf(docFreq=754, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.014966901 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.014966901 = score(doc=1874,freq=3.0), product of:
0.05472119 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0694298 = boost
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.27351198 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.7320508 = tf(freq=3.0), with freq of:
3.0 = termFreq=3.0
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.055605 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.055605 = score(doc=1874,freq=4.0), product of:
0.12846968 = queryWeight, product of:
1.8320184 = boost
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4328259 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.19049597 = weight(abstract_txt:recognition in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.19049597 = score(doc=1874,freq=4.0), product of:
0.246244 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9646626 = boost
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.77360654 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.1888523 = idf(docFreq=235, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.26589608 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26589608 = score(doc=1874,freq=4.0), product of:
0.3075505 = queryWeight, product of:
2.1956513 = boost
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.8645607 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.07006568 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07006568 = score(doc=1874,freq=2.0), product of:
0.18883027 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2210858 = boost
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.3710511 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.03895752 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03895752 = score(doc=1874,freq=5.0), product of:
0.11443874 = queryWeight, product of:
2.3198094 = boost
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.34042248 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
5.0 = termFreq=5.0
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.07457656 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 1874) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07457656 = score(doc=1874,freq=1.0), product of:
0.26355627 = queryWeight, product of:
2.8744636 = boost
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.28296256 = fieldWeight in 1874, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=1874)
0.4 = coord(10/25)
```
5. Oard, D.W.: Alternative approaches for cross-language text retrieval (1997) 0.31
```0.30530655 = sum of:
0.30530655 = product of:
0.69387853 = sum of:
0.018508488 = weight(abstract_txt:could in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018508488 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.09872459 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0157157 = boost
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.18747598 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.799385 = idf(docFreq=946, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.008447422 = weight(abstract_txt:research in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.008447422 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.06699225 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0247488 = boost
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.1260955 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
3.228045 = idf(docFreq=4557, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.005400715 = weight(abstract_txt:with in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.005400715 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.05472119 = queryWeight, product of:
1.0694298 = boost
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.09869513 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
2.5265954 = idf(docFreq=9191, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.02662656 = weight(abstract_txt:applications in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02662656 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.14401858 = queryWeight, product of:
1.5024997 = boost
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.18488282 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.7330003 = idf(docFreq=1011, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.06265209 = weight(abstract_txt:retrieval in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.06265209 = score(doc=3165,freq=13.0), product of:
0.12846968 = queryWeight, product of:
1.8320184 = boost
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.48768 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
3.6055512 = tf(freq=13.0), with freq of:
13.0 = termFreq=13.0
3.4626071 = idf(docFreq=3604, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.12479735 = weight(abstract_txt:multilingual in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12479735 = score(doc=3165,freq=4.0), product of:
0.2540926 = queryWeight, product of:
1.9957271 = boost
6.2867084 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.4911491 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.2867084 = idf(docFreq=213, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.08309252 = weight(abstract_txt:speech in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08309252 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.3075505 = queryWeight, product of:
2.1956513 = boost
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.27017522 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
6.916486 = idf(docFreq=113, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.1349731 = weight(abstract_txt:language in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1349731 = score(doc=3165,freq=19.0), product of:
0.18883027 = queryWeight, product of:
2.2210858 = boost
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.7147852 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
4.358899 = tf(freq=19.0), with freq of:
19.0 = termFreq=19.0
4.197964 = idf(docFreq=1727, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.02434845 = weight(abstract_txt:information in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02434845 = score(doc=3165,freq=5.0), product of:
0.11443874 = queryWeight, product of:
2.3198094 = boost
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.21276405 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
2.236068 = tf(freq=5.0), with freq of:
5.0 = termFreq=5.0
2.435865 = idf(docFreq=10064, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.15842152 = weight(abstract_txt:translation in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15842152 = score(doc=3165,freq=4.0), product of:
0.3278769 = queryWeight, product of:
2.6177604 = boost
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.48317376 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
6.184624 = idf(docFreq=236, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.046610348 = weight(abstract_txt:techniques in 3165) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046610348 = score(doc=3165,freq=1.0), product of:
0.26355627 = queryWeight, product of:
2.8744636 = boost
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.020251984 = queryNorm
0.1768516 = fieldWeight in 3165, product of:
1.0 = tf(freq=1.0), with freq of:
1.0 = termFreq=1.0
4.527401 = idf(docFreq=1242, maxDocs=42306)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=3165)
0.44 = coord(11/25)
```
{"ft_lang_label":"__label__en","ft_lang_prob":0.6804117,"math_prob":0.9977643,"size":23719,"snap":"2019-35-2019-39","text_gpt3_token_len":9093,"char_repetition_ratio":0.26278725,"word_repetition_ratio":0.49275362,"special_character_ratio":0.5375016,"punctuation_ratio":0.28380358,"nsfw_num_words":0,"has_unicode_error":false,"math_prob_llama3":0.99978095,"pos_list":[0],"im_url_duplicate_count":[null],"WARC_HEADER":"{\"WARC-Type\":\"response\",\"WARC-Date\":\"2019-09-20T07:49:48Z\",\"WARC-Record-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:7d27c911-eda0-450e-8356-8cabd1a999ce>\",\"Content-Length\":\"38580\",\"Content-Type\":\"application/http; msgtype=response\",\"WARC-Warcinfo-ID\":\"<urn:uuid:da282df7-f6c5-4e04-8656-e585e3e0239a>\",\"WARC-Concurrent-To\":\"<urn:uuid:90ab36a9-9f79-49a7-9506-103f10433741>\",\"WARC-IP-Address\":\"139.6.160.6\",\"WARC-Target-URI\":\"http://ixtrieve.fh-koeln.de/birds/litie/document/24070\",\"WARC-Payload-Digest\":\"sha1:YU2HYOPYJ6GNH5XVOOM4FNYBNOAJXA7K\",\"WARC-Block-Digest\":\"sha1:SYR57C257KXGCO62AKJZQNEGCBSU72NT\",\"WARC-Identified-Payload-Type\":\"application/xhtml+xml\",\"warc_filename\":\"/cc_download/warc_2019/CC-MAIN-2019-39/CC-MAIN-2019-39_segments_1568514573908.70_warc_CC-MAIN-20190920071824-20190920093824-00481.warc.gz\"}"}