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计算液压缸的工作压力、流量和功率

计算液压机液压缸的工作压力、流量和功率

a）主缸的流量

快速下行时q1 = A1v1 = 804×6 = 120600px3/s = 289.4 L/min

工作行程时q2 = A2v2 = 804×0.6 = 12050px3/s = 28.9 L/min

快速回程时q3 = A3v3 = 183.5×5.3 = 24975px3/s = 59.9 L/min

b）主缸的功率计算

快速下行时（起动）：P1 = p1q1 = 12533×4824×10-6 = 60.46 W

工作行程初压阶段末：P2 = p2q2 = 2.46×106×482×10-6 = 1186 W

终压阶段：此过程中压力和流量都在变化，情况比较***杂。压力p在最后20 mm行程内由2.46 MPa增加到24.6 MPa，其变化规律为

p = 2.46+20(24.6-2.46)S = 2.46+1.11SMPa

式中S——行程（mm），由压头开始进入终压阶段算起。

流量q20 mm内由482 cm3/s降到零，其变化规律为q = 482120(S)）（cm3/s

功率为P = pq = 482×2.46+1.11S×120(S)

求其极值，∂S(∂P) = 0S = 8.9mm）此时功率P最大

Pmax = 482×2.46+1.11×8.9×120(8.9)= 3300.8 W = 3.3 kW

快速回程时；等速阶段P = pq = 1.75×106×999×10-6 = 1.748 kW

起动阶段：此过程中压力和流量都在变化，情况也比较复杂。设启动时间0.2秒内作等加速运动，起动阶段活塞行程为

S = 0.5vt = 0.5×5.3×0.2 = 5.3mm

在这段行程中压力和流量均是线性变化，压力p21 MPa降为1.75 MPa。其变化规律为

p = 215.3(21-1.75)S = 213.6SMPa

式中 S——行程（mm），由压头开始回程时算起。流量q由零增为999 cm3/s，其变化规律为

q = 5.3(999)S = 188Scm3/s

功率为P = pq = 188S213.6S

求其极值，∂S(∂P) = 0S = 2.9mm），此时功率P最大

Pmax = 188×2.9×213.6×2.9= 5755 W = 5.76 kW

由以上数据可画出主液压缸的工况图（压力循环图、流量循环图和功率循环图）见图1.3

c）顶出缸的内径Dd

Dd = ηcmπp(4Fd)= 0.91×π×25×106(4×3.6×106)= 1419 m = 142 mm

按标准取Dd = 150 mm
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