عِدَّةٌ مِنْ أَصْحَابِنَا عَنْ سَهْلِ بْنِ زِيَادٍ وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ جَمِيعاً عَنِ ابْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنِ الْعَلاءِ بْنِ رَزِينٍ وَأَبِي أَيُّوبَ وَعَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ بُكَيْرٍ عَنْ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُسْلِمٍ عَنْ أَبِي جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) قَالَ قُلْتُ لَهُ مَا تَقُولُ فِي امْرَأَةٍ مَاتَتْ وَتَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَإِخْوَتَهَا لأمِّهَا وَإِخْوَةً وَأَخَوَاتٍ لأبِيهَا فَقَالَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَلإخْوَتِهَا لأمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ الذَّكَرُ وَالأنْثَى فِيهِ سَوَاءٌ وَبَقِيَ سَهْمٌ فَهُوَ لِلإخْوَةِ وَالأخَوَاتِ مِنَ الأبِ لِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأنْثَيَيْنِ لأنَّ السِّهَامَ لا تَعُولُ وَإِنَّ الزَّوْجَ لا يُنْقَصُ مِنَ النِّصْفِ وَلا الإخْوَةَ مِنَ الأمِّ مِنْ ثُلُثِهِمْ لأنَّ اللهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ فَإِنْ كانُوا أَكْثَرَ مِنْ ذلِكَ فَهُمْ شُرَكاءُ فِي الثُّلُثِ وَإِنْ كَانَ وَاحِداً فَلَهُ السُّدُسُ وَإِنَّمَا عَنَى اللهُ فِي قَوْلِهِ تَعَالَى وَإِنْ كانَ رَجُلٌ يُورَثُ كَلالَةً أَوِ امْرَأَةٌ وَلَهُ أَخٌ أَوْ أُخْتٌ فَلِكُلِّ واحِدٍ مِنْهُمَا السُّدُسُ إِنَّمَا عَنَى بِذَلِكَ الإخْوَةَ وَالأخَوَاتِ مِنَ الأمِّ خَاصَّةً وَقَالَ فِي آخِرِ سُورَةِ النِّسَاءِ يَسْتَفْتُونَكَ قُلِ اللهُ يُفْتِيكُمْ فِي الْكَلالَةِ إِنِ امْرُؤٌ هَلَكَ لَيْسَ لَهُ وَلَدٌ وَلَهُ أُخْتٌ يَعْنِي بِذَلِكَ أُخْتاً لأبٍ وَأُمٍّ أَوْ أُخْتاً لأبٍ فَلَها نِصْفُ ما تَرَكَ وَهُوَ يَرِثُها إِنْ لَمْ يَكُنْ لَها وَلَدٌ فَإِنْ كانَتَا اثْنَتَيْنِ فَلَهُمَا الثُّلُثانِ مِمَّا تَرَكَ وَإِنْ كانُوا إِخْوَةً رِجالا وَنِساءً فَلِلذَّكَرِ مِثْلُ حَظِّ الأنْثَيَيْنِ وَهُمُ الَّذِينَ يُزَادُونَ وَيُنْقَصُونَ قَالَ وَلَوْ أَنَّ امْرَأَةً تَرَكَتْ زَوْجَهَا وَأُخْتَيْهَا لأمِّهَا وَأُخْتَيْهَا لأبِيهَا كَانَ لِلزَّوْجِ النِّصْفُ ثَلاثَةُ أَسْهُمٍ وَلأخْتَيْهَا لأمِّهَا الثُّلُثُ سَهْمَانِ وَلأخْتَيْهَا لأبِيهَا السُّدُسُ سَهْمٌ وَإِنْ كَانَتْ وَاحِدَةً فَهُوَ لَهَا لأنَّ الأخْتَيْنِ مِنَ الأبِ لا يُزَادُونَ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ وَلَوْ كَانَ أَخٌ لأبٍ لَمْ يُزَدْ عَلَى مَا بَقِيَ.
6. A number of our people have narrated from Sahl ibn Ziyad and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad all from ibn Mahbub from al-‘Ala’ ibn Razin and abu Ayyub and ‘Abd Allah ibn Bukayr from Muhammad ibn Muslim who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far , about the case of a woman who has left behind her husband, brothers from her mother and brothers and sisters from her father. He (the Imam) said, ‘The share of the husband is one-half, three shares, the share of brothers from her mother is one-third which is two shares; male and female receive equal shares. The one remaining share belongs to brothers and sisters from the father. Each male receives twice as much as a female; ordained shares do not face deficiency. The share of the husband does not reduce from one-half and the share of brothers from her mother, which is one-third, does not reduce. Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has said, ‘. . . if they are more than this they share the one-third, if there is one he receives one-sixth.’ (4:12) What Allah, most Blessed, most High, has meant by His words, ‘. . . if it is a man inherited by Kalalah or a woman, and has a brother or sister then for everyone is one-sixth.’ By this Allah has meant brothers and sisters from the mother only. Allah in the end of chapter four has said, ‘. . . they ask for a fatwa from you about Kalalah. If a man dies and has no children but has a sister [meaning sister from mother and father] she receives one-half of the legacy and he inherits her if she does not leave children. If they are brothers, male and female the share of the male is twice as much as the share of the female.’ They are the ones whose shares increase and decrease. So also are their children whose shares increase and decrease. If a woman dies and leaves behind her husband and two sisters from her and two sisters from her father, the share of the husband is one-half, which is three shares, sisters from her mother one- third or two shares and for the sisters from her father one-sixth, one share. If she is one it is for her; two sisters from her father do not receive any increase from the remaining and if he was a brother from father he would not receive any increase from the remaining.”’ 