٣٦ - حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ القاسِم المفسر رَضِىَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: حَدَّثَني يُوسف بْن مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ زِياد وَعَلِىِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ سيّارٍ، عَنْ أَبَوَيهُما، عَنِ الحَسَن بْنِ عَلِىِّ، عَنْ أَبيهِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُحَمَّد، عَنْ أَبيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِىٍّ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُوسَى الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ، عَنْ أَبيهِ مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَرٍ، عَنْ أَبيهِ جَعْفَرِ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ، عَنْ أَبِيهِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِى، عَنْ أَبيهِ عَلِىِّ بْنِ الحُسَيْن‏ عَلَيْهِمُ السَّلاَمُ فِي قَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «الَّذِي جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ فِراشاً وَالسَّماءَ بِناءً» قَالَ: جَعَلَهَا مُلائِمَةً لِطَبَائِعِكُمْ مُوَافِقَةً لاجْسَادِكُمْ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْهَا شَدِيدَةَ الْحَمْيِ وَالْحَرَارَةِ فَتُحْرِقَكُمْ وَلا شَدِيدَةَ الْبُرُودَةِ فَتُجْمِدَكُمْ وَلا شَدِيدَةَ طِيبِ الرِّيحِ فَتُصَدَّعَ هَامَاتُكُمْ وَلا شَدِيدَةَ النَّتْنِ فَتُعْطِبَكُمْ وَلا شَدِيدَةَ اللِّينِ كَالْمَاءِ فَتُغْرِقَكُمْ وَلا شَدِيدَةَ الصَّلابَةِ فَتَمْتَنِعَ عَلَيْكُمْ فِي دُورِكُمْ وَأَبْنِيَتِكُمْ وَقُبُورِ مَوْتَاكُمْ وَلَكِنَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ فِيهَا مِنَ الْمَتَانَةِ مَا تَنْتَفِعُونَ بِهِ وَتَتََماسَكُ عَلَيْهَا أَبْدَانُكُمْ وَبُنْيَانُكُمْ وَجَعَلَ فِيهَا مَا تَنْقَادُ بِهِ لِدُورِكُمْ وَقُبُورِكُمْ وَكَثِيرٍ مِنْ مَنَافِعِكُمْ فَذَلِكَ جَعَلَ لَكُمُ الأَرْضَ فِراشاً ثُمَّ قَـالَ: «وَالسَّمـاءَ بِنـاءً» سَقْفـاً مَحْفُوظـاً مِنْفَوْقِكُمْ يُدِيرُ فِيهَا شَمْسَهَا وَقَمَرَهَا وَنُجُومَهَا لِمَنَافِعِكُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ «وَأَنْزَلَ مِنَ السَّماءِ ماءً» يَعْنِي الْمَطَرَ يُنْزِلُهُ مِنْ عَلًى [عَلاً] لِيَبْلُغَ قُلَلَ جِبَالِكُمْ وَتِلالَكُمْ وَهِضَابَكُمْ وَأَوْهَادَكُمْ ثُمَّ فَرَّقَهُ رَذَاذاً وَوَابِلاً وَهَطْلاً وَطَلّاً لِتَنْشَفَهُ أَرَضُوكُمْ وَلَمْ يَجْعَلْ ذَلِكَ الْمَطَرَ نَازِلاً عَلَيْكُمْ قِطْعَةً وَاحِدَةً فَيُفْسِدَ أَرَضِيكُمْ وَأَشْجَارَكُمْ وَزُرُوعَكُمْ وَثِمَارَكُمْ ثُمَّ قَالَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: «فَأَخْرَجَ بِهِ مِنَ الَّثمَراتِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ» يَعْنِي مِمَّا يُخْرِجُهُ مِنَ الأَرْضِ رِزْقاً لَكُمْ «فَلا تَجْعَلُوا لِلَّهِ أَنْداداً» أَيْ أَشْبَاهاً وَأَمْثَالاً مِنَ الأَصْنَامِ الَّتِي لا تَعْقِلُ وَلا تَسْمَعُ وَلا تُبْصِرُ وَلا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْ‏ءٍ وَأَنْتُمْ تَعْلَمُونَ أَنَّهَا لا تَقْدِرُ عَلَى شَيْ‏ءٍ مِنْ هَذِهِ النِّعَمِ الْجَلِيلَةِ الَّتِي أَنْعَمَهَا عَلَيْكُمْ رَبُّكُمْ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى.
11-36 Muhammad ibn Al-Qasim - the interpreter - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Yusuf ibn Muhammad ibn Ziyad and Ali ibn Muhammad ibn Sayyar quoted on the authority of their fathers, on the authority of Al-Hassan ibn Ali (s), on the authority of his father Ali ibn Muhammad (s), on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn Ali (s), on the authority of his father Ali ibn Musa Al-Ridha (s), on the authority of his father Musa ibn Ja’far (s), on the authority of his father Ja’far ibn Muhammad (s), on the authority of his father Muhammad ibn Ali (s) that Ali ibn Al-Hussein (s) said, “The Honorable the Exalted God’s words ‘…Who has made the Earth your couch, and the heavens your canopy…’  mean that God has made the Earth suitable for your body and according to your nature. He has neither made it too hot to burn you, nor did He make it too cold in which to freeze. The winds do not smell so good that you get a headache, neither are they so bad-smelling to be bothersome to you. The Earth is not as soft as water in which to drown, and not so hard that you could not build your houses on or dig your graves in it. The Honorable the Exalted God has made the Earth hard enough to benefit you and for you to be able to build your houses upon it and dig your graves in it. This is the sense in which ‘He has made theEarth your couch.’ Then the Honorable the Exalted God said, ‘and the heavens your canopy…’  Here canopy means ‘a covering’ or a ‘roof.’ A roof which God has made its Sun, Moon and the stars move in their orbits for your benefit.Then the Honorable the Exalted God said, ‘…and sent down rain from the heavens…’  This means that God sent down rain from the sky so that it can reach the mountains, the hills, and the valleys. God sent down water in various forms - rain, sleet, snow, hail so that the Earth could take it in. God did not sent down the water at once, as that would destroy the land, the trees, the fruits, and the harvest. Then the Honorable the Exalted God said, ‘…and brought forth therewith Fruits for your sustenance…’  This means that God has established what grows out of the Earth as your sustenance. ‘…Then set not up rivals onto Allah when ye know (the truth)’  meaning not to set up idols as rivals for God which neither have any intellect, nor do they hear, see or are able to do anything. You know well that these idols cannot grant you the many blessings which your Lord - the Blessed the Sublime - has bestowed upon you.