أخبرنا أبو الحسين محمد بن هارون الزنجاني، قال: حدثنا علي بن عبد العزيز عن القاسم بن سلام أنه قال: العجماء هي البهيمة وإنما سميت عجماء لأنها لا تتكلم و كل من لا يقدر على الكلام فهو أعجم ومستعجم ومنه قول الحسن عليه السلام: " صلاة النهار عجماء " يقول: لا تسمع فيها قراءة، وأما الجبار فهو الهدر وإنما جعل جرح العجماء هدرا إذا كانت منفلتة ليس لها قائد ولا سائق ولا راكب، فإذا كان معها واحد من هؤلاء الثلاثة فهو ضامن لان الجناية حينئذ ليست للعجماء وإنما هي جناية صاحبها الذي أوطأها الناس. وأما قوله: " والبئر جبار " فإن فيها غير قول ، يقال: إنها البئر يستأجر عليها صاحبها رجلا يحفرها في ملكه فينهار على الحافر فليس على صاحبها ضمان. و يقال: إنها البئر تكون في ملك الرجل فيسقط فيها إنسان أو دابة فلا ضمان عليه لأنها في ملكه.
We were told by Abu’l-Hussain, Muhammed bin Harun al-Zanjani, that he said: We were told by Ali bin Abdul-Aziz, from Qasem bin Salam, that he said: A beast is an animal, and it was named a beast [1] because it does not speak, and everything that is unable to speak is a’jam [2] and musta’jam. From this stems the saying of Hasan, peace be upon him: «The prayer of the daytime is ‘ajma.» He is saying: Recitation shall not be heard during it. As for jubar, it is to kill in vain. The wound of a beast was only declared to be vain in the case it is loose, having to leader, nor puller, nor rider. If one of these three was with it, he is a guarantor, because the offense therein would not be (legally made) to the beast, but it would only be an offense to its owner who allowed people to ride it. As for his saying: «a well is a jubar» it has more than one saying. It is said: It refers to a well whose owner hires a man to dig it in his property, and it collapses on the digger. Hence, there is no assurance upon its owner. It is also said: It is a well that is in a man’s ownership, and a human or an animal fall into it. Hence, there is no assurance upon him, because it is in his ownership.