١ - حدثنا الشيخ الجليل أبو جعفر محمد بن علي بن الحسين بن موسى بن بابويه القمي (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن بن أحمد بن الوليد (رضي الله عنه)، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسن الصفار، قال: حدثنا محمد بن الحسين ابن أبي الخطاب، عن محمد بن إسماعيل بن بزيع، عن محمد بن عذافر، عن أبيه، قال: قلت لابي جعفر محمد بن علي الباقر (عليه السلام): لم حرم الله الميتة والدم ولحم الخنزير والخمر؟ فقال: إن الله تبارك وتعالى لم يحرم ذلك على عباده، وأحل لهم ما سوى ذلك، من رغبة فيما أحل لهم، ولا زهد فيما حرم عليهم، ولكنه عز وجل خلق الخلق فعلم ما تقوم به أبدانهم وما يصلحهم فأحله لهم وأبا حهموه (١)، وعلم ما يضرهم فنهاهم عنه، ثم أحله للمضطر في الوقت الذي لا يقوم بدنه إلا به، فأحله لقد بقدر البلغة (٢) لا  غير ذلك. ثم قال (عليه السلام): أما الميتة فإنه لم ينل أحد منها إلا ضعف بدنه، وأوهنت قوته، وانقطع نسله، ولا يموت آكل الميتة إلا فجأة، وأما الدم فإنه يورث أكله الماء الاصفر، ويورث الكلب (١)، وقساوة القلب، وقلة الرأفة والرحمة، ثم لا يؤمن على حميمه، ولا يؤمن على من صحبه، وأما لحم الخنزير فإن الله تبارك وتعالى مسخ قوما في صور شتى مثل الخنزير والقرد والدب، ثم نهى عن أكل المثلة (٢). لكيلا ينتفع بها ولا يستخف بعقوبتها، وأما الخمر فإنه حرمها لفعلها وفسادها. ثم قال (عليه السلام): إن مدمن الخمر كعابد وثن، وتورثه الارتعاش، وتهدم مروءته، وتحمله على أن يجسر على المحارم من سفك الدماء وركوب الزنا، حتى لا يؤمن إذا سكر أن يثب على حرمه وهو لا يعقل ذلك، والخمر لا تزيد شاربها إلا كل شر (٣).
Abu Ja`far Muhammad b. `Ali b. al-Husayn b. Musa b. Babuwayh al-Qummi  narrated to us. He said: Muhammad b. al-Hasan b. Ahmad b. al-Walid  narrated to us. He said: Muhammad b. al-Hasan al-Saffar narrated to us. He said: Muhammad b. al-Husayn b. Abi’l Khattab narrated to us from Muhammad b. Isma`il b. Bazi` from Muhammad b. `Adhafir from his father. He said: I said to Abi Ja`far Muhammad b. `Ali al-Baqir : Why did Allah prohibit carrion, blood, pork, and wine? So, he said: Surely, Allah did not prohibit this for His servants, but [rather] He permitted everything else for them out of desire for what was made lawful for them. There is no discipline (zuhd) in what was prohibited for them. Rather, He created the creation, and He knew what would strengthen their bodies and what would rectify them, so He made that lawful and permitted for them; and He knew what would harm them, so He prohibited that from them. Then, he made those things permissible for those in a desperate situation, in which their bodies would not be strengthened except through them. So, He only permitted the quantity sufficient [to stay alive] and not more than that. Then, he  said: As for carrion, none consume it except that it weakens their body, diminishes their strength, and cuts off his offspring. A consumer of carrion does not die except suddenly. As for blood, its consumption causes yellow urine, kidney disease, the hardening of the heart, and the deterioration of kindness and mercy – so their partner and companions will not be safe from them. As for pork, Allah transfigured a people into different forms in the likeness of swine, monkeys, and bears. Then, He prohibited consuming that likeness so that one may not seek benefit from it or underestimate its punishment. As for wine, its prohibition is due to its affect and its corruption. Then, he  said: Surely, the wine addict is like the worshiper of idols. It causes trembling and it diminishes masculinity. It causes a person to dare to commit unlawful things, from the shedding of blood to adultery – to the point where his female relatives are unsafe from him when he is drunk and not comprehending [what he is doing]. Wine does not increase anything for its drinker except in every evil.