١- مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدٍ عَنِ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ مَحْبُوبٍ عَنْ عُمَرَ بْنِ يَزِيدَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) عَنْ رَجُلٍ أَرَادَ أَنْ يُعْتِقَ مَمْلُوكاً لَهُ وَقَدْ كَانَ مَوْلاهُ يَأْخُذُ مِنْهُ ضَرِيبَةً فَرَضَهَا عَلَيْهِ فِي كُلِّ سَنَةٍ وَرَضِيَ بِذَلِكَ مِنْهُ الْمَوْلَى وَرَضِيَ الْمَمْلُوكُ بِذَلِكَ فَأَصَابَ الْمَمْلُوكُ فِي تِجَارَتِهِ مَالا سِوَى مَا كَانَ يُعْطِي مَوْلاهُ مِنَ الضَّرِيبَةِ قَالَ فَقَالَ إِذَا أَدَّى إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ مَا كَانَ فَرَضَ عَلَيْهِ فَمَا اكْتَسَبَهُ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ فَهُوَ لِلْمَمْلُوكِ قَالَ ثُمَّ قَالَ أَبُو عَبْدِ اللهِ (عَلَيْهِ السَّلام) أَلَيْسَ قَدْ فَرَضَ اللهُ عَلَى الْعِبَادِ فَرَائِضَ فَإِذَا أَدَّوْهَا إِلَيْهِ لَمْ يَسْأَلْهُمْ عَمَّا سِوَاهَا فَقُلْتُ لَهُ فَلِلْمَمْلُوكِ أَنْ يَتَصَدَّقَ مِمَّا اكْتَسَبَ وَيُعْتِقَ بَعْدَ الْفَرِيضَةِ الَّتِي كَانَ يُؤَدِّيهَا إِلَى سَيِّدِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ وَأَجْرُ ذَلِكَ لَهُ قُلْتُ فَإِذَا أَعْتَقَ مَمْلُوكاً مِمَّا كَانَ اكْتَسَبَ سِوَى الْفَرِيضَةِ لِمَنْ يَكُونُ وَلاءُ الْمُعْتَقِ قَالَ يَذْهَبُ فَيُوَالِي مَنْ أَحَبَّ فَإِذَا ضَمِنَ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَعَقْلَهُ كَانَ مَوْلاهُ وَوَرِثَهُ قُلْتُ أَلَيْسَ قَدْ قَالَ رَسُولُ اللهِ (صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) الْوَلاءُ لِمَنْ أَعْتَقَ قَالَ هَذَا سَائِبَةٌ لا يَكُونُ وَلاؤُهُ لِعَبْدٍ مِثْلِهِ قُلْتُ فَإِنْ ضَمِنَ الْعَبْدُ الَّذِي أَعْتَقَهُ جَرِيرَتَهُ وَحَدَثَهُ أَيَلْزَمُهُ ذَلِكَ وَيَكُونُ مَوْلاهُ وَيَرِثُهُ قَالَ لا يَجُوزُ ذَلِكَ وَلا يَرِثُ عَبْدٌ حُرّاً.
1. Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad from af-Hassan ibn Mahbub from ‘Umar ibn Yazid who has narrated the following: “I once asked abu ‘ Abd Allah , about the case of a man who wants to free his slave. His master takes a certain amount of tax from him every year about which both the master and slave had happily agreed. The slave in business earns a certain amount of assets besides what he gives to his master as tax. He (the Imam) said, ‘If he pays to his master what was obligatory, thereafter what he earns belongs to the slave.’ He (the Imam) then said, Ts it not the case that Allah has made certain things obligatory on His servants and when they fulfill such obligations, He then does not ask for more?’ I then asked, ‘Can the slave give charity out of what he earns and set free after paying his dues to his master? He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, he can do so and the reward for it belongs to him.’ I then asked, ‘If he frees a slave with his earning which is other than his dues, with whom then rests guardianship because of setting him free? He (the Imam) said, ‘He can go and find guardians that he likes. Whoever bails out his crimes and wergild such person becomes his guardian and heir.’ I then asked, ‘Is it not the case that the Messenger of Allah, O Allah, grant compensation to Muhammad and his family worthy of their services to Your cause, has said, “Guardianship rests with the one who buys one’s freedom?”’ He (the Imam) said, ‘This is Sa’ibah (unconditionally freed slave). Guardianship over him will not rest with another slave like him.’ I then asked, ‘If the slave that he has freed guarantees and bails out his crime and liabilities, does it become binding and because of this becomes his guardian and inherits him? He (the Imam) said, ‘That is not permissible because a slave cannot inherit one who is free.’” 