٣٢ - حَدَّثَنا مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ مُوسَى بْنِ المُتَوَكِّل رَضِىَ اللهُ عَنْهُ قالَ: حَدَّثَنا عَلِىِّ بْنِ الحُسَيْن السعدآبادي‏حَدَّثَنا أَحْمَدِ بْنِ أَبي عَبْدِ اللَّه البَرْقِي، عَن عَبْدِ العَظِيم بْنِ عَبْدِاللَّه الحَسَنِيِّ قالَ: حَدَّثَني أَبُو جَعْفَر مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عَلِى الرِّضا عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ قالَ: حَدَّثَني أَبي الرِّضا عَلِىِّ بْنِ مُوسَى‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ قالَ: سَمِعتُ أَبَا الحَسَن مُوسَى بْنِ جَعْفَر عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ يَقُولُ دَخَلَ عَمْرُو بْنُ عُبَيْدٍ الْبَصْرِيُّ عَلَى أَبِي عَبْدِ اللَّهِ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ فَلَمَّا سَلَّمَ وَجَلَسَ عِنْدَهُ تَلا هَذِهِ الآْيَةَ، قَوْلَهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: (الَّذِينَ يَجْتَنِبُونَ كَبائِرَ الإِثْمِ وَالْفَواحِشَ) ثُمَّ أَمْسَكَ عَنْهُ. فَقَالَ لَهُ أَبُو عَبْدِاللَّهِ‏ عَلَيْهِ السَّلامُ: مَا أَسْكَتَكَ؟قَالَ: أُحِبُّ أَنْ أَعْرِفَ الْكَبَائِرَ مِنْ كِتَابِ اللَّهِ.فَقَالَ: نَعَمْ يَا عَمْرُو، أَكْبَرُ الْكَبَائِرِ الشِّرْكُ بِاللَّهِ. يَقُولُ اللَّهُ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى: (إِنَّهُ مَنْ يُشْرِكْ بِاللَّهِ فَقَدْ حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ عَلَيْهِ الْجَنَّةَ وَمَأْواهُ النَّارُ).وَبَعْدَهُ الْيَأْسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (وَلا تَيْأَسُوا مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِنَّهُ لا يَيْأَسُ مِنْ رَوْحِ اللَّهِ إِلا الْقَوْمُ الْكافِرُونَ).وَالأَمْنُ مِنْ مَكْرِ اللَّهِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ يَقُولُ: (فَلا يَأْمَنُ مَكْرَ اللَّهِ إِلا الْقَوْمُ الْخاسِرُونَ).وَمِنْهَا عُقُوقُ الْوَالِدَيْنِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ جَعَلَ الْعَاقَّ جَبَّاراً شَقِيّاً.وَقَتْلُ النَّفْسِ الَّتِي حَرَّمَ اللَّهُ إِلاّ بِالْحَقِّ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (فَجَزاؤُهُ جَهَنَّمُ خالِداً فِيها)… إِلَى آخِرِ الآْيَةِ.وَقَذْفُ الُْمحْصَنَاتِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى يَقُولُ: (لُعِنُوا فِي الدُّنْيا وَالآْخِرَةِ وَلَهُمْ عَذابٌ عَظِيمٌ).وَأَكْلُ مَالِ الْيَتِيمِ ظُلْماً، لِقَوْلِهِ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: (إِنَّما يَأْكُلُونَ فِي بُطُونِهِمْ ناراً وَسَيَصْلَوْنَ سَعِيراً).وَالْفِرَارُ مِنَ الزَّحْفِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (وَمَنْ يُوَلِّهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ دُبُرَهُ إِلا مُتَحَرِّفاً لِقِتالٍ أَوْ مُتَحَيِّزاً إِلى‏ فِئَةٍ فَقَدْ باءَ بِغَضَبٍ مِنَ اللَّهِ وَمَأْواهُ جَهَنَّمُ وَبِئْسَ الْمَصِيرُ).وَأَكْلُ الرِّبَا، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (الَّذِينَ يَأْكُلُونَ الرِّبا لا يَقُومُونَ إِلا كَما يَقُومُ الَّذِي يَتَخَبَّطُهُ الشَّيْطانُ مِنَ الْمَسِّ).وَالسِّحْرُ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (وَلَقَدْ عَلِمُوا لَمَنِ اشْتَراهُ ما لَهُ فِي الآْخِرَةِ مِنْ خَلاقٍ).وَالزِّنَا، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ ذلِكَ يَلْقَ أَثاماً يُضاعَفْ لَهُ الْعَذابُ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ وَيَخْلُدْ فِيهِ مُهاناً إِلاّ مَنْ تابَ).وَالَْيمِينُ الْغَمُوسُ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (إِنَّ الَّذِينَ يَشْتَرُونَ بِعَهْدِ اللَّهِ وَأَيْمانِهِمْ ثَمَناً قَلِيلاً أُولئِكَ لا خَلاقَ لَهُمْ فِي الآْخِرَةِ).وَالْغُلُولُ، يَقُولُ اللَّهُ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ: (وَمَنْ يَغْلُلْ يَأْتِ بِما غَلَّ يَوْمَ الْقِيامَةِ).وَمَنْعُ الزَّكَاةِ الْمَفْرُوضَةِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (فَتُكْوى‏ بِها جِباهُهُمْ وَجُنُوبُهُمْ).وَشَهَادَةُ الزُّورِ وَكِتَْمانُ الشَّهَادَةِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (وَمَنْ يَكْتُمْها فَإِنَّهُ آثِمٌ قَلْبُهُ).وَشُرْبُ الْخَمْرِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ عَدَلَ بِهَا عِبَادَةَ الأَوْثَانِ.وَتَرْكُ الصَّلاةِ مُتَعَمِّداً، لأنَّ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ‏ صَلَّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِهِ قَالَ: مَنْ تَرَكَ الصَّلاةَ مُتَعَمِّداً فَقَدْ بَرِئَ مِنْ ذِمَّةِ اللَّهِ وَذِمَّةِ رَسُولِهِ.وَنَقْضُ الْعَهْدِ وَقَطِيعَةُ الرَّحِمِ، لأنَّ اللَّهَ عَزَّ وَجَلَّ يَقُولُ: (أُولئِكَ لَهُمُ اللَّعْنَةُ وَلَهُمْ سُوءُ الدَّارِ).فَخَرَجَ عَمْرٌو وَلَهُ صُرَاخٌ مِنْ بُكَائِهِ وَهُوَ يَقُولُ: هَلَكَ مَنْ قَالَ بِرَأْيِهِ وَنَازَعَكُمْ فِي الْفَضْلِ وَالْعِلْمِ.
28-32 Muhammad ibn Musa ibn al-Mutawakkil - may God be pleased with him - narrated that Ali ibn Al-Hussein As-Sa’dabadi quoted on the authority of Ahmad ibn Abi Abdillah al-Barqi, on the authority of Abdul Azeem ibn Abdullah Al-Hassani, on the authority of Abu Ja’far Muhammad ibn Ali Al-Ridha (s), on the authority of his father Al-Ridha Ali ibn Musa (s), “I heard from Abul Hassan Musa ibn Ja’far (s) that Amr ibn Obayd al-Basri went to see Abi Abdullah (as-Sadiq) (s). After greeting him and sitting down, Amr recited the following verse said by the Honorable the Exalted God, ‘Those who avoid great sins and shameful deeds…’  He then became quiet. Abu Abdullah (s) asked himwhy he had become silent. Amr said, “I would like to get to know the great sins from the Book of the Honorable the Exalted God.” The Imam (s) said, “Fine. O Amr! The worst of the great sins is associating partners with God as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘…Whoever joins other gods with Allah, Allah will forbid him the Garden, and the Fire will be his abode. There will for the wrong-doers be no one to help.’  The next most important sin is giving up hope of receiving God’s Mercy, since the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘…and never give up hope of Allah’s Soothing Mercy: truly no one despairs of Allah’s Soothing Mercy, except those who have no faith.’  And feeling secure against the plan of God is also considered to be the next most important sin as the Honorable the Exalted God said, ‘Did they then feel secure against the plan of Allah - but no one can feel secure from the Plan of Allah, except those (doomed) to ruin!’  Also included among the major sins is damnation of parents. Indeed the Honorable the Exalted God has said that the result of parents’ damnation is equal to being overbearing and miserable. Jesus (s) said, ‘(He) hath made me kind to my mother, and not overbearing or miserable.’  Another major sin is killing people - which God has forbidden - except in just cases - as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘If a man kills a believer intentionally, his recompense is Hell, to abide therein (Forever): And the wrath and the Curse of God are upon him, and a dreadful penalty is prepared for him.’  Another major sin is slandering chaste women as the Blessed the Sublime God says, ‘Those who slander chaste women, indiscreet but believing, are cursed in this life and in the Hereafter: for them is a grievous Penalty.’  Another major sin is unjustly eating up the property of orphans as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘Those who unjustly eat up the property of orphans, eat up a Fire into their own bodies: They will soon be enduring a Blazing Fire!’  Another major sin is escaping from battle as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘If any do turn his back to them on such a day - unless it be in a stratagem of war, or to retreat to a troop (of his own) - he draws on himself the wrath of Allah, and his abode is Hell,- an evil refuge (indeed)!’  Another major sin is devouring usury as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘Those who devour usury will not stand except as stand one whom the Evil one by his touch Hath driven to madness…’  Another major sin is performing magic as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘…And they knew that the buyers of (magic) would have no share in the happiness of the Hereafter…’  Another major sinis committing fornication as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘…and any that does this (not only) meets punishment. (But) the Penalty on the Day of Judgment will be doubled to him, and he will dwell therein in ignominy unless he repents, believes, and works righteous deeds, for Allah will change the evil of such persons into good, and Allah is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.’  Another major sin is false swearing as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘As for those who sell the faith they owe to Allah and their own plighted word for a small price, they shall have no portion in the Hereafter: Nor will Allah (Deign to) speak to them or look at them on the Day of Judgment, nor will He cleanse them (of sin): They shall have a grievous penalty.’  Another major sin is treason as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘…If any person is so false, He shall, on the Day of Judgment, restore what he misappropriated..’  Another major sin is not paying the obligatory alms tax as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘On the Day when heat will be produced out of that (wealth) in the fire of Hell, and with it will be branded their foreheads, their flanks, and their backs. This is the (treasure) which ye buried for yourselves: taste ye, then, the (treasures) ye buried!’  Another major sin is giving false testimony as the Honorable the Exalted God says, ‘Those who witness no falsehood…’  And says ‘…for whoever conceals it, His heart is tainted with sin…’  Another major sin is drinking intoxicating drinks as the Honorable the Exalted God has equaled it to idol-worship. Another major sin is willingly abandoning praying or any other obligatory deeds as the Prophet of God (s) said, ‘The ties with God of whoever willingly abandons praying without any reason will be cut off and God and His Prophet (s) will make no covenants with him.’ Another major sin is breaking one’s covenant and ties of kinship as the Honorable the Exalted God says the following about them, ‘…on them is the curse; for them is the terrible home!’ “The narrator added, “Amr ibn Obayd left there while he was crying and saying, ‘I swear by God that whoever debates with you (Imam As-Sadiq (s)) with knowledge and nobility, and still abides by his own points of view, will surely be destroyed.’”