١ـ عَلِيُّ بْنُ إِبْرَاهِيمَ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ يَحْيَى عَنْ أَحْمَدَ بْنِ مُحَمَّدِ بْنِ عِيسَى وَمُحَمَّدُ بْنُ إِسْمَاعِيلَ عَنِ الْفَضْلِ بْنِ شَاذَانَ جَمِيعاً عَنْ حَمَّادِ بْنِ عِيسَى عَنْ حَرِيزٍ عَنْ زُرَارَةَ قَالَ سَأَلْتُ أَبَا جَعْفَرٍ (عَلَيْهِ الْسَّلام) عَمَّا فَرَضَ الله عَزَّ وَجَلَّ مِنَ الصَّلاَةِ فَقَالَ خَمْسُ صَلَوَاتٍ فِي اللَّيْلِ وَالنَّهَارِ فَقُلْتُ فَهَلْ سَمَّاهُنَّ وَبَيَّنَهُنَّ فِي كِتَابِهِ قَالَ نَعَمْ قَالَ الله تَعَالَى لِنَبِيِّهِ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ لِدُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلى‏ غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ وَدُلُوكُهَا زَوَالُهَا فَفِيمَا بَيْنَ دُلُوكِ الشَّمْسِ إِلَى غَسَقِ اللَّيْلِ أَرْبَعُ صَلَوَاتٍ سَمَّاهُنَّ الله وَبَيَّنَهُنَّ وَوَقَّتَهُنَّ وَغَسَقُ اللَّيْلِ هُوَ انْتِصَافُهُ ثُمَّ قَالَ تَبَارَكَ وَتَعَالَى وَقُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ إِنَّ قُرْآنَ الْفَجْرِ كانَ مَشْهُوداً فَهَذِهِ الْخَامِسَةُ وَقَالَ الله تَعَالَى فِي ذَلِكَ أَقِمِ الصَّلاةَ طَرَفَيِ النَّهارِ وَطَرَفَاهُ الْمَغْرِبُ وَالْغَدَاةُ وَزُلَفاً مِنَ اللَّيْلِ وَهِيَ صَلاَةُ الْعِشَاءِ الآخِرَةِ وَقَالَ تَعَالَى حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى‏ وَهِيَ صَلاَةُ الظُّهْرِ وَهِيَ أَوَّلُ صَلاَةٍ صَلاَّهَا رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَهِيَ وَسَطُ النَّهَارِ وَوَسَطُ الصَّلاَتَيْنِ بِالنَّهَارِ صَلاَةِ الْغَدَاةِ وَصَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَفِي بَعْضِ الْقِرَاءَةِ حافِظُوا عَلَى الصَّلَواتِ وَالصَّلاةِ الْوُسْطى‏ صَلاَةِ الْعَصْرِ وَقُومُوا لله قانِتِينَ قَالَ وَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الآيَةُ يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ وَرَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) فِي سَفَرِهِ فَقَنَتَ فِيهَا رَسُولُ الله (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) وَتَرَكَهَا عَلَى حَالِهَا فِي السَّفَرِ وَالْحَضَرِ وَأَضَافَ لِلْمُقِيمِ رَكْعَتَيْنِ وَإِنَّمَا وُضِعَتِ الرَّكْعَتَانِ اللَّتَانِ أَضَافَهُمَا النَّبِيُّ (صلّى اللهُ عَلَيْهِ وَآلِه) يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ لِلْمُقِيمِ لِمَكَانِ الْخُطْبَتَيْنِ مَعَ الإِمَامِ فَمَنْ صَلَّى يَوْمَ الْجُمُعَةِ فِي غَيْرِ جَمَاعَةٍ فَلْيُصَلِّهَا أَرْبَعَ رَكَعَاتٍ كَصَلاَةِ الظُّهْرِ فِي سَائِرِ الأيَّامِ.
1. Ali ibn Ibrahim has narrated from his father from Hammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn Yahya has narrated from Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn ‘Isa and Muhammad ibn ’Isma‘il from af-Fadl ibn Shadhan all Hammad ibn ‘Isa from Hariz from Zurarah who has said the following: “I once asked abu Ja‘far , about how much of Salah (prayer) Allah, most Majestic, most Glorious, has made obligatory. He (the Imam) said, ‘During one day and night five Salah (prayer) are made obligatory.’ I then asked, ‘Has He named and explained them in His book?’ He (the Imam) said, ‘Yes, Allah, most High has said to His Holy Prophet, “Perform Salah (prayer) after the sun declines to the west, on midday until the darkness of the night.” (17: 78). The sun declines on midday. There are four Salah (prayer) between midday and the darkness of the night. Allah has named, explained and timed them. Darkness of night is in midnight. He, most Blessed, most High has then said, “. . . and the recitation (performing Salah (prayer)) at dawn and recitation at dawn was witnessed (attended by the angels of the day and those of the nights).” These are five Salah (prayers). Allah, most High about this issue has said, “Perform Salah (prayer) on both ends of the day, [which is sunset and morning], and in a part of the night.” (11:116) This is al-Tsha’ Salah (prayer) He, most High has said, “Preserve Salah (prayer) especially the middle Salah (prayer).” (2:239) Middle Salah (prayer) is al- Dhuhr Salah (prayer) which is the first Salah (prayer) the Messenger of Allah performed. It is in the middle of two Salah (prayer) during the day, the morning and al-‘Asr Salah (prayer). In some of the recitations it is said, “Preserve Salawat (prayers) and the middle Salah (prayer).” Middle Salah (prayer) is al-‘Asr Salah (prayer).’ About the words of Allah, “Stand up praying before Allah,” he (the Imam) said, ‘This verse was revealed on Friday when the Messenger of Allah was on a journey. The Messenger of Allah prayed before Allah on Friday and left it in that condition during a journey or when at home. For those at home he added two Rak‘ats. He reduced two Rak‘at which the Holy Prophet, had added on Friday for people when at home, because of the two sermons which a prayer leader delivers. Those who perform Friday prayer without congregation, they perform it four Rak‘at like al-Dhuhr Salah (prayer) in other days.’” 