Using "Spooky" missiles
Using AC-130 against  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Afghanistan
Using AC-130 missiles
Cruise missile strikes
Does not recall blocking the Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations
Building up counterterrorism capabilities in neighboring countries such as Uzbekistan
That he opposed their use
Developing plans for an AC-130 mission against  Bin Laden
Keeping Pakistan in the dark as to the origin of the missile strikes
What option does Zinni not recall blocking
Pakistan
India
Uzbekistan
Where did Zinni say the Pakistani would think the missiles came from?
Use cruise missiles
Use AC-130 gunships
Not use AC-130 gunships
Not allowing Pakistan access to weaponry
Not using cruise missles
Not using cruise missiles
Not deploying AC-130s
Plans were developed to use AC-130s rather than cruise missle strikes
What was done in order to minimize collateral damage in Kandahar in December of 1998?
The Joint Staff
Zinni
Berger and Clarke
Afghanistan
Shelton and officers in the Pentagon, Berger and Clarke, and John Maher- the Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations
Shelton
Who approved of plans for an AC-130 mission against  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Afghanistan?
An attack on Bin Lan
An attack on  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Afghanistan
An AC-130 mission against  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Afghanistan
An attack on  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Pakistan
What did the Pentagon developed plans for using an AC-130 gunship entail?
A little over 2000 miles
25 miles
A little over 2,000 miles
130 miles
105 miles
What is the range of a spooky
Zinni
US president
Osama Bin Laden
People of Afghanistan
Many afghans
Bin Laden
Funding to kill who was denied due to fear of dictators misusing a military?
USA
Uzbekistan
Afghanistan
Neighboring countries such as Uzbekistan
A neighbor like Uzbekistan
India
Israel
Afghanistan's neighboring countries such as Uzbekistan
Pakistan
Neighboring countries like Washington
Neighboring countries to Pakistan
Which countries were thought to have dictatorial governments
Special Operations Command couldn't justify using them
Special Operations Command gave approval
They did not have enough in supply
Speical Operations Command didn't think the intelligence was good enough
The intelligence was not good enough to justify it
The intelligence wasn't good enoughto justify it
The head of Special Operations didn't approve it
The intelligence was good enough to deploy
Special Operations Command though the intelligence was good enough to deploy
Though Berger and Clarke continued to indicate interest in this option, the AC-130s were never deployed.Clarke wrote at the time that Zinni opposed their use, and John Maher, the Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations, agreed that this was Zinni's position
The intelligence wasn't good enough
Why were the AC 130's never deployed?
Zinni
Berger and Clarke
John Maher
Schoomaker
The Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations
Schoolmaker
Who lobbied for the decision paper written by the Joint Staff?
Zinni feared that  Bin Laden would in the future locate himself in cities, where U.S. missiles could kill thousands of Afghans.He worried also lest Pakistani authorities not get adequate warning, think the missiles came from India, RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA'S INITIAL ASSAULTS 135 and do something that everyone would later regret
That Bin Laden would locate himself in cities in the future and that Pakistani authorities would not get proper warning
Bin Laden would stay where he is
Bin Laden would locate himself in cities and that Pakastani authories would not get proper warning
Bin Laden locating himself in US cities in the future
That Pakistani authorities wouldn't get proper warning and that the AC-130 option was not feasible
Bin Laden would attack too early and the military would not act
Pakistani authorities would get plenty of warning before attacks
Pakistani authorities would respond to Al Qaeda assaults
What were the two things that Zinni worried about?
Using cruise missiles in an attack on Pakistan
Using the AC-130 in Kandahar
Deployment of the AC-gunships
Attacking Afghan civilians
Using the AC-130 in an attack on  Bin Laden's headquarters in Afghanistan
Using AC-130s to attack al Qaeda
What option did Zinni deny blocking?
He thought the option was feasible
He thought it was feasible but that serious preparation for any such operations would require a long-term redeployment of Special Operations forces to the Middle East or South Asia
He wanted to block it
He thought the AC-130 option feasible
He didn't care
He worried the Pakistani authorities would not get adequate warning
He opposed their use
What did the head of special operation command think of the option
Feasible
Expensive
Did Schoomaker claim the AC-130 to be expensive or feasible?
Because Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations didn't support the option
Because Schoomaker opposed it
Bases in the middle east would be required for re-fueling
Because aircraft's unrefueled range was only a little
Zinni opposed their use but he doesn't remember it
Because their deployment would serious preparation for any such operations
Why were AC-130s never deployed?
Zinni
Berger and Clarke
The president
Shelton in the Pentagon
Officers in the Pentagon
Schoomaker
Al Qaeda
Shelton
Bin Laden
The Halloween monsters
Who with the help of officers decided to use a plane called "spooky" against Kandahar.
The AC-130 might cause more collateral damage than the cruise missiles
Zinni lied
Both of them thought serious preparation for any such operations would require a long-term redeployment of Special Operations forces to the Middle East or South Asia. The AC-130s would need bases because the aircraft's unrefueled range was only a little over 2,000 miles
Both of them thought serious preparation for any such operations would require a long-term redeployment of Special Operations forces to the Middle East or South Asia
The generals changed their minds
The AC-130's limited range would require building bases in the Middle East or South Asia
What is the most likely explanation for the two generals' differing recollections about the AC-130 Option?
Zinni feared that  Bin Laden would in the future locate himself in cities, where U.S. missiles could kill thousands of Afghans. He worried also lest Pakistani authorities not get adequate warning, think the missiles came from India, RESPONSES TO AL QAEDA'S INITIAL ASSAULTS 135 and do something that everyone would later regret. Discussing potential repercussions in the region of his military responsibility, Zinni said, "It was easy to take the shot from Washington and walk away from it. We had to live there." Zinni's distinct preference would have been to build up counterterrorism capabilities in neighboring countries such as Uzbekistan. But he told us that he could not drum up much interest in or money for such a purpose from Washington, partly, he thought, because these countries had dictatorial governments. After the decision-in which fear of collateral damage was an important factor- not to use cruise missiles against Kandahar in December 1998, Shelton and officers in the Pentagon developed plans for using an AC-130 gunship instead of cruise missile strikes. Designed specifically for the special forces, the version of the AC-130 known as "Spooky"can fly in fast or from high altitude, undetected by radar; guided to its zone by extraordinarily complex electronics, it is capable of rapidly firing precision-guided 25, 40, and 105 mm projectiles. Because this system could target more precisely than a salvo of cruise missiles, it had a much lower risk of causing collateral damage. After giving Clarke a briefing and being encouraged to proceed, Shelton formally directed Zinni and General Peter Schoomaker, who headed the Special Operations Command, to develop plans for an AC-130 mission against  Bin Laden's headquarters and infrastructure in Afghanistan. The Joint Staff prepared a decision paper for deployment of the Special Operations aircraft. Though Berger and Clarke continued to indicate interest in this option, the AC-130s were never deployed. Clarke wrote at the time that Zinni opposed their use, and John Maher, the Joint Staff 's deputy director of operations, agreed that this was Zinni's position. Zinni himself does not recall blocking the option. He told us that he understood the Special Operations Command had never thought the intelligence good enough to justify actually moving AC-130s into position. Schoomaker says, on the contrary, that he thought the AC-130 option feasible. The most likely explanation for the two generals' differing recollections is that both of them thought serious preparation for any such operations would require a long-term redeployment of Special Operations forces to the Middle East or South Asia. The AC-130s would need bases because the aircraft's unrefueled range was only a little over 2,000 miles. 