Noether
Noether's theory
Lifshitz
Landau
Einstein
Who's theory did not have a more precise symmetry for conserved energy and momentum?
Einstein, Lev Landau, and Evgeny Lifshitz
Evgeny Lifshitz
Albert Einstein
Lev Landau
Erwin Schrodinger
Einstein
Which of the scientists believed non-covariant energy momentum pseudotensor was the best description of energy momentum in a gravitational field?
1971
1917
1791
1911
1907
When did the standard approach to energy momentum become criticized?
No, it uses translation invariance
No, it uses the energy momentum distribution
Yes
Non-covariant
Did Landau use dynamical spacetime in his theory, if not, what?
General relativity includes a dynamical spacetime, so it is difficult to see how to identify the conserved energy and momentum. Noether's theorem allows these quantities to be determined from a Lagrangian with translation invariance, but general covariance makes translation invariance into something of a gauge symmetry. The energy and momentum derived within general relativity by Noether's presecriptions do not make a real tensor for this reason. Einstein argued that this is true for fundamental reasons, because the gravitational field could be made to vanish by a choice of coordinates. He maintained that the non-covariant energy momentum pseudotensor was in fact the best description of the energy momentum distribution in a gravitational field. This approach has been echoed by Lev Landau and Evgeny Lifshitz, and others, and has become standard. The use of non-covariant objects like pseudotensors was heavily criticized in 1917 by Erwin Schrodinger and others. 