What is Which of the following metal ions is associated with secondary Parkinsonisms and explain in detail?
Manganese ion exposure is implicated in the free radical damage of the basal ganglia causing Parkinsonism. Toxins Implicated in Parkinsonism Manganese (Mn) MPTP (1 Methyl - > Phenyl -1, 2, 3, 6 tetrahydropyridine) Carbonmonoxide Carbondisulphide Ctanide Hexane Methanol Toxins repoed to induce Parkinonism: (Handbook of Atypical Parkinsonism) Betel nut (plus antiPsychotics) Carbon monoxide Contrast agent for cardiac catheterization Cyanide Ethanol intoxication, ethanol withdrawal Ethylene glycol Herbicides (paraquat, diquat, glyphosate) Heroin Hydrogen sulfide Kava-kava Manganese REF: Harrison book of internal medicine 21ST EDITION