Substitution therapy for opioid dependence (mainly treatment with methadone or buprenorphine) is in place in all EU Member States (183) as well as Bulgaria, Romania and Norway, and there is now a substantial European consensus that it is a beneficial approach to the treatment of problem opioid users, although in some countries it remains a sensitive topic (see Chapter 2).
nonché in Bulgaria, Romania e Norvegia; a livello europeo esiste ormai un consenso diffuso che si tratti di un approccio benefico al trattamento dei consumatori problematici di oppiacei, nonostante rimanga in alcuni paesi un argomento delicato (cfr. il capitolo 2).