From 1990, Peres led the opposition in the Knesset, until, in early 1992, he was defeated in the first primary elections of the new Israeli Labor Party (which had been formed by the consolidation of the Alignment into a single unitary party) by Yitzhak Rabin, whom he had replaced fifteen years earlier.
Nel 1992 Peres venne sconfitto (di nuovo) alle prime elezioni primarie nella storia del Partito Laburista da Yitzhak Rabin, che lui stesso aveva sostituito anni prima.