in fine, that the joint concurrence of the nobility and princes having obliged the clergy to submit, the custom of judicial combats must have been considered as a privilege of the nobility, as a barrier against injustice, and as a security of property, and from that very moment this custom must have gained ground.
elizak ere lege horren mende egongo zirela, eta beren aldezkarien bidez borrokatuko zirela. Ikusten denez, nobleek borroka bidezko froga eskatu bazuten, elizetan sartutako frogarengatik eskatu zuten;