Self-consciousness would indeed make him a thinking automaton; but the consciousness of his own spontaneity would be mere delusion if this were mistaken for freedom, and it would deserve this name only in a comparative sense, since, although the proximate determining causes of its motion and a long series of their determining causes are internal, yet the last and highest is found in a foreign hand. Therefore I do not see how those who still insist on regarding time and space as attributes belonging to the existence of things in themselves, can avoid admitting the fatality of actions;
Gizakia txotxongiloa litzateke, edo Vaucanson-en automata(, antzezlan guztien maisu gorenak osatua eta zutik ezarria, eta autokontzientziak automata pentsatzaile bihurtuko luke, baina horren berezkotasunaren kontzientzia askatasuntzat hartuko balitz, hori ilusio soila baino ez litzateke, konparatiboki baino ez duelako merezi horrela deitua izatea, zeren bere higiduraren kausa determinatzaile hurbilenak eta bere kausa determinatzailearen ilara luzea barnekoak badira ere, azkena eta gorena, ordea, beste esku batetan baitago.