When (2) it is not contrary to reasonable expectation, but does not imply vice, it is a mistake (for a man makes a mistake when the fault originates in him, but is the victim of accident when the origin lies outside him).
Horrela, bada, kaltea ustekabe gertatzen denean, zorigaitza da; ez ustekabe, baina gaiztakeriarik gabe gertatzen denean, akatsa da (batek akats egiten baitu kausaren jatorria bere baitan dagoenean, baina zorigaitza kanpoan badago).