but as we see nearly similar hooks on many trees which are not climbers, and which, as there is reason to believe from the distribution of the thorn-bearing species in Africa and South America, serve as a defence against browsing quadrupeds, so the spikes on the palm may at first have been developed for this object, and subsequently have been improved and taken advantage of by the plant, as it underwent further modification and became a climber.
baina zuhaitz igokari askotan gako berdintsuak ikusten ditugunez, eta arantzadun espezieak Afrikan eta Hego Amerikan duten hedakuntzatik, gako hauek lauoineko kimu-jaleen kontra defendatzeko balio dutela arrazoiz pentsa genezakeenez gero, palmondoaren puntak ere hasieran helburu bera betetzeko gara zitezkeen, eta gero hobetzean landareak abantaila har zezakeen, aldakuntza berriak izan eta igokari bihurtu zenean.