1. HITHERTO we have only considered the essences of things; which being only abstract ideas, and thereby removed in our thoughts from particular existence, (that being the proper operation of the mind, in abstraction, to consider an idea under no other existence but what it has in the understandings,) gives us no knowledge of real existence at all.
1. Gauzen esentziak baino ez ditugu aztertu honaino, eta hauek, gure pentsamenduetan existentzia partikularra kenduta dauden ideia abstraktuak baino ez direnez (abstrakzioan gogamenak burutzen duen eragiketa ideia adimenean duen existentziaren arabera soilik kontsideratzea baita), ez digute eskaintzen existentzia errealaren inolako ezagutzarik.