The person who falls into error, either attributes to a consequent a reason which it cannot have, in which case he shows actual deficiency of understanding, i.e., deficiency in the capacity for immediate knowledge of the connection between the cause and the effect, or, as more frequently happens, he attributes to the effect a cause which is possible, but he adds to the major proposition of the syllogism, in which he infers the cause from the effect, that this effect always results only from this cause.
Erratzen denak izan ez dezakeen arrazoi bat ezartzen dio ondorioari; horretan, beraz, adimen-gabezia erreala erakusten du, h. d.