or to prefer the motion of any part of the body to its rest, and vice versa, in any particular instance, is that which we call the WILL. The actual exercise of that power, by directing any particular action, or its forbearance, is that which we call VOLITION or WILLING. The forbearance of that action, consequent to such order or command of the mind, is called VOLUNTARY. And whatsoever action is performed without such a thought of the mind, is called INVOLUNTARY. The power of perception is that which we call the UNDERSTANDING. Perception, which we make the act of the understanding, is of three sorts:
Ekintza konkretu bat egiteko edo ez egiteko aginduaren bidez ahal horren erabilpen aktualari nahikundea edo gura-izatea deritza. Gogamenaren aginduaren ondorioz ekintza hau ekiditeari nahitako ("voluntary") ekintza deitzen diogu. Eta ekintza hau gogamenak zuzendu gabe burutzen denean, orduan nahi gabekoa ("involuntary") deritza. Pertzepzioaren ahala adimena da.