Winnie Mandela omuSouth Africa omulaule wotete-tete eli longela ouxungimwenyo nonghalonawa, okwa hoolola okuliyandjela oshiwana shaye osho sha li momhumbwe nokwa kondjela oufikepamwe wopamihoko. Okudja eshi a hombolwa kuNelson Mandela momudo wo1958 okwala nokumona oixuna yomahepeko, nefimbo nefimbo okwa tulwa modolongo ashike eshi oshe mu etela ashike a kale a xwama mokukufa ombinga mekondjelomanguluko. Modula 1992, ohombo yavo naMandela oya xula, ashike omaupyakadi oo a kala a taalela hapo a xulila opo. Nomzamo Winifred Zanyiwe Madikizela-Mandela, pomunapolitika, a dalwa momafiku 26 Sepeteba 1936 ndele ta xulifa mefiku 2 Apiilili 2018.
OvaAmerica, ove mu luka “Omunyekadi waAfrika”, moSouth Africa “oina yoshiwana”. Ashike pexulilo laye, kali vali sha, ounhu waye owa li wa nyata, a talika ko onga omudipai, nombudi.
Omunhu oo ounyuni wa kala ushi onga Winnie Mandela, okwe ya kombada yedu onga Nomzamo (“tali ti omukondji,” “ile omunhu oo ha lwifa omaupyakadi”) Winifred (Winnie) Madikizela, omonakadona waColumbus naGertrude Madikizela. OvakwaMadikizela ovali ovapopi velaka loshiXhosa voshiwana shovaPondo shali hashi kala opo nena hapa ifanwa Transkei. Ovadali vaye aveshe ovali ovahongwanhu, novali ovahongifikola, va longwa elaka loshiIngilisha kovahongi, ovatumwa. Xe okwali omulongi koeM-bongweni Primary School ye vali okwali a kalela po omukunda wavo woEastern Pondoland momutumba woPondo oo wali hau ningi eeveta delelo. Ina manga ina hombolwa okwali ha longo oshilongwa shomudingonokolongo. Okwa xulifa eshi Winnie ali e na eedula omuwoyi adike. Ovadali ava ova kala va tala ehongo lounona vavo onga oshinima sha fimana neenghono. Omolwa okatalekonawa, omaano, omhata nekwafo lopashimaliwa ali eli pewa kovakwapata vaye, Nomzamo Winnie Madikizela okwa mana ofikola yaye younona nokwaya koShawbury High School, oko a ulika kutya ye oku na oukwatya welikalekelwa ngeenge tashi ya kouleli.
Momudo wo1953 okwa li a tambulwa kofikola yedina Jan Hofmeyr School yovaxungimwenyo nokwa fiya po Transkei eshi a ya komuhandjo wovakainhu. Eshi a mana elihongo laye momudo 1955, okwa anya a futilwe ngeno a twikile eke li longele oixungimwenyo wopaunamiti koUnited States ye ngeno aka longe koshipangelo shaBaragwaneth Hospital moJohannesburg, oko kwali haku longo kahewa kaye komupangi Adelaide Tsukudu oo vali naye mondunda imwe eshi vali komuhandjo wofikola. Mokupanga oukahewa ou, omo a shivila omuvaleki waAdelaide Tsukudu, Oliver Tambo, ndele ava vavali tave mu shivifa omushivi-veta ali e shivike nawa nokwali omukalelipo wopaveta woAfrican National Congress (ANC) Youth League, Nelson Mandela. Pefimbo olo, Mandela navakwao veli 156 ovali momhangu tava pangulilwa oshibofa shoukulo osho sha tamekele muAguste 1958 nosha kala fiyo omuMaalitsa 29, 1961. Oshali pefimbo apa, eshi ohole yaWinnie Madikizela okukwafa ovanhu ovafyoona nokulundulula eenghalamwenyo davo ya kula noya lundulukila mekondjifo lepengelo lokatongotongo opo li lindulule eenghalamwenyo dovanhu ovo vali ovo oshiwama shi hapu ashike ovo vali tava mono oixuna omolwa okuha fika pamwe.
OvakwaMandela ova hombolela mElongelokalunga longeleka yaMethodist moTranskei muJuni 19, 1958, nokonima yohango ova shuna vaka kale meumbo laNelson Mandela moSoweto kondje yaJohannesburg omo a li onga onghwatwe yomeumbo, omolwa oshibofa shoukulo osho a li ta pangulilwa. OvakwaMandela ava, aveshe ovali ovahongwanhu ashike ovali va fimaneka oshiwana, novali vena eudeko netambuleko liwa lovanhu vomihoko dayooloka novalanduli veengudu deepolitika da yooloka. Nelson Mandela ye okwa kala a tokola oku hanauna po epangelo olo lali ina li tambula ko ounhu wovalaule ovaSouth Africa nola kala la etela ovalaule oluhepo neenghono, eshi ninga tashi pitile mevava mongudu yaye yopapolitika yoAfrican National Congress Youth League. Ovaneumbo laye navo ova kala veudite ko oshinakuwanifwa eshi nova kufa oshitukulwa, na ngaashi naanaa ovakwashiwana vakwao ovaSouth Africa, ava ovakala yoo tava monifwa oixuna.
Elipumomumwe lotete pokati kaWinnie Mandela nopolifi yepangelo lokatongotongo laSouth Africa’s ola li mo1958. Eshi osha ningwa eshi epangelo la tokola opo ovakainhu ovalaule navo va kale tave ende neepaasa. Ovalumenhu ovaAfrican vo ova kala nale hava ende neepaasa, naashi oshali shi djuu kuvo opo va konge oilonga peenhele ile kovanhu vamwe ve lili, nande ova kale ve wete itava futwa shi li pauyuuki. Eshi okwali she va fininika opo va kale ashike tava longo shi li mouwa woilumbu. Eshi epangelo la tokola opo ovakainhu navo va kale tava logifa eepaasa, ovakainhu omayovi, ovo va kala nale va findilwa kongudi shaashi ova kala ihava futwa nawa, ova ya momapandaanda tava pula opo oveta ei ya weda ko koudjuu oo va kala nale ve na, i lundululwe. Evava lovakainhu loAfrican National Congress olo la li lishi kwetele komesho. MuKotoba 1958 Winnie Mandela oye li umwe womovakainhu omayovi ovo vali va kwatwa po omolwa ekangha eli. Oivike oyo ivali a kala modolongo oyo ya li etameko longhalamwenyo yeedula omilongo da shikula ko.
Ekwato po eli ole mu etala nokuli opo a kanife oilonga onga omuxungimwenyo. Natango mo1960, Winnie Mandela okwali oshitukulwa shekangha omo opolifi yaSouth African ya umba engafifi lovanhu ovo vali va ninga ehololomadilaadilo omolwa eeveta dokatongotongo. Natango ovanhu omayovi ovakwatele po.
Eshi Nelson Mandela navakwao vali inava monika ondjo moukulo, opo ashike ovakwaMandela va tameka okukala ngaashi ovaneumbo ve na oku kala, ashike eshi oshali ashike pokati ka Maalisa naDeseba wodula oyo. Mo1962 Nelson Mandela okwa ya mouholameno opo a twikile noikonga yoANC oyo ya li ina i pitikwa pefimbo opo. Ashike okwa li a monika ndele ta kwatwa po mo1964 nokwa ka tokolelwa odolongo yonghalamwenyo. Winnie Mandela ina shuna monima okwa twikila nekondjelomanguluko nokwa kala yo ta longifa ovana Zenani (Zeni) oo a dalwa mo1959 naZindziswa (Zinzi) a dalwa mo1960, nokuvanyangela. Keshe efiku Winnie Mandela okwa li a teelela a kwatwe po kopolifi nokutukulwa ko kounona vaye omolwa ekufombinga laye mopolitika. Eshi oshe ya fiyo ta ningi etokolo lidjuu okutuma ounona vaye kofikola ina momuhandjo koSwaziland oko tava ka kala nokulihonga monga itava piyaanekwa ngaashi va kala tave shi nongilwa kepangelo laSouth Africa. Nonande a kala e na oufemba wokutalela opo, kali ena ekwatafano lopalutu nomusamane waye oule weedula adishe 22. Omukumo waye owa kaleka opo edina laNelson Mandela li ha dimbiwe nande kounyuni naasho a kala ta ningilwa kepangelo lokatongotongo.
Konima yo1962 Winnie Mandela okwa kala monghalo yii, yeeveta, i na efiwa e linyenge ile a longe ngaashi ovanhu vakwao. Kali a efiwa a nyolela ile a popye novanhu vedulife puumwe pefimbo limwe, okwali a tulwa modolongo yomeumbo, ta tulwa modolongo yomedu youlikaleli noshotuu. MuMei 17, 1977, okwa li a taatawa mo meumbo laye moOrlando odoolopa oyo ili oshitukulwa shaSoweto nokutaataelwa kolukanda loinyakwi koBrandfort kokulekule lwokoOrange Free State. Okwali a tongolwa ko kookaume kaye nokovakwapata vaye nonghalamwenyo yaye opo eshi. Nonande a kala eli kalekelwa ngaha, Mandela okwa mona ashike omukumo wokututulula omaipyakodilo nomanyangadalo aye opapolitika. Noshimaliwa osho sha kala tashi di kovayambididi vaye mounyuni okwa tungila mo Brandfort ta eta po opologalama yongalonawa yovakwashiwana, ndele ta tameke nee neepolitika daye. Okwa kala ta longifa okamaliwa oko kanini okufikamifa po onghalonawa yopapolitika nokulonga moshilonga shekondjelomanguluko lovaSouth Africa. Okuanya kwaye okutonyala okwa eta opo omahepeko oo a kala te a ningilwa a ha shune monima.
MuAugust 1985 okanduda kodolongo omo mwali mwa idililwa Winnie Mandela’s moBrandfort oka li ka umbilwa okaboma komundilo. Ashike kapa li nande omunhu umwe a pangulilwa oshinima eshi. Eshi osha eta opo Winnie a teye omutwe ndele ta shuna keumbo laye koSoweto nande kali a efiwa eshi ninge kepangelo. Eshi a shuna koSoweto keenghono daye mwene Winnie Mandela omutwe okwe u teya nee unene ndele ta tameke okuninga oyoongalele ye ta popi novatooli nghundana vokoilongo nande a li a lombwelwa ehe shi ninge vali.
Mo1988, etanga laye la piyaana ledina United Football Club, lovalumenhu vati ovaameni vaye ovo vali hava di meumbo laye, ola eta opo ovakondjelimanguluko vakwao ve mu ehene kokule. Ovalumenhu ava ova kala va talika ko kutya ovo tava ningi ominyeka kwa homatiwa, omadipao, nokudenga ovanhu moSoweto. Ovashiinda shaWinnie ova ti ova kala hava ngilwa omatilifo ketanga laye. Onghalo ei oye ya poluhela eshi oilyo ivali yetanga laWinnie Mandela vati ya kwata po ombabyona oumati vatatu voulaule noku va dengaula tave va nyeyepeka komalutu, nedipao lokamati komido 14 kedina Stompie Moeketsi. Moeketsi okwali omuleli omunyasha ali ta lele ongudu yovanhu 1500 ovo va li veli omhinge netanga laWinnie Mandela.
Meme Mandela okwa kendabala okupopya oipupulu ta ti okamati aka vati oka fya eshi ka dengwa nokuhepekwa paixulo monhele yongeleka yoMethodist omo ka li ka ninga omafiku ka holama. Ashike nande eli amena ngaha, oilyo ivali yehangano laye oya ka fekelelwa vali momandipao ovanhu vavali. Omahangano ovanailonga ngaashi Congress of South African Trade Unions noUnited Democratic Front ovanyolela oikundaneki nokulikaleka kokule naWinnie Mandela mo1989. Meme Mandela osho ngaa aka hanauna po etanga laye konima eshi a fininikwa eshi ninge kongudo yoANC nokumusamane waye. Efano longhalamwenyo yaWinnie Mandela olo la li la yela olakakekwa ketanga laye eli, momesho oshiwana osho shali shi muhole ta u pu mo. Mo1990 eshi Nelson Mandela a dja modolongo opo ashike onghalo yaWinnie Mandela ya yavyulwa.
Nelson Mandela okwa kala ponho yomukadi eshi ali a hoololwa onga omutwe wevava longhalonawa yoANC nafiyo ta pewa opoosa mokabinete kepangelo lipe. Ashike omakuyunguto opavete okwa kala ashike emu shikula. Okwali a pangulwa shinasha nefyo laMoeketsi eshi Jerry Richardson—oo a li a monika ondjo mediapao laMoeketsi—a ti Winnie Mandela naye okwa kufa ombinga medengo lokamati oko kokanyasha. Ashike omupanguli oo a li ta pangula moshibofa osho okwa ti ouyelele wa li wa yandjwa owa li momumbwalangandjo, wa nyika omalundilo wo kau na oushili. Ashike okwali a mona Winnie ondjo ta ti okwa kwafela medipao, nokwe mu tokolela odolongo youle weemwedi hamano. Manga a li e li futila mo, Winnie Mandela okwali a pewa omhito opo a ninge eindilo opo oshibofa shaye shitalululwe, noshinima eshi oshali shi na oku kufa eedula dihapu. MuApiilili 1992, Nelson naWinnie Mandela va itavele va teye ohombo yavo yomido 33. Pefimbo letopoko Winnie onghene ngoo a kala a landulwa koinima oyo ii, muApiilili 1995 okwa fiya po oilonga yaye mepangelo. Mo1996, omupanguli okwa pa Nelson Mandela opo a henge po filufilu Winnie Madikizela-Mandela, e udite kutya ovalihomboli ava vavali, kave na efiku nava kakale nombili mohombo.
Konima eshi va teya ohombo Mandela okwa lundululila nokuninga eumbo lomoOrlando West Soweto omo voo naPresident Mandela vali hava kala, omuseum. Mo1997 okwali a hoololululwa a ninge omupresidend wevava lovakainhu voAfrican National Congress Women’s League, nonande eshi kasha li sha halika kuvamwe vomovaleli voANC. Winnie Mandela okwa twikila nokukala a fimana mokati kovakwashiwana ovafyoona nokwa kala ashike meumbo laye moSoweto, la kala nokuli li li popepi nOrlando Museum House.
“Omukondjelimanguluko kuye mwene Winnie Mandela okwa xulifa omutenya mOmaandaxa,” osho omupresidente waSouth Africa Cyril Ramaphosa shivifa momushangwa woikundaneki.
“Nomefimbo eli loluhodi, ependafule letu meeWinnie ohatu mu dimbuluka a kala edidiliko lehalo nekondjo okumangulula ovanhu vetu moupika. Okwali e na ewi lonyati nokwa anya oupika, pefimbo lomahepeko ye okwali enyakwa lokulwila oufikepamwe.
“Okudja ashike petameko longhalamwenyo yaye okwa ninga omawedelepo taa kalelele nokwe li yandjela ekondjo. Omatokolo aye okuliyandjela ekondjelomandguluko okwa holola ohole yoshiwana shaye. Omido dihapu okwa hepekwa nokululumikwa omolwa ekondjelo manguluko, nokwa laila oudemokoli nemanguluko, nokweshi pitifa,” Ramaphosa ta ti.
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