Hastings Kamuzu Banda
Hastings Kamuzu Banda (1896 [?] - 25 Novembala 1997)
Hastings Kamuzu Banda wakaŵa mlongozgi wakwamba wa chalo cha Malaŵi kwambira 1964 paka 1994.
Moyo Wa Ngwazi[lemba | kulemba source]
Kamuzu Banda wakababika m’boma la Kasungu ku Malawi (ilo kale likachemekanga kuti British Central Africa) kwa a Mphonongo Banda na ŵawoli ŵaŵo a kupingamnyama ku Mtunthama mu Boma la Kasungu. Paka mwahuno dazi lake lenecho lobabika lilije kumanyikwa chifukwa chakuti kukaŵevya kulembeska kwa kubabika kwa ŵana nyengo izo.
Aŵo ŵakalemba vya moyo wakhe ŵa Phillip Short ŵakati a Banda ŵakwenela kuti ŵakababika mu chaka cha 1898. Nangawuli vili nthe, a Banda ŵakamanyikwa kuti ŵakabakika pa 14 Meyi 1906 ndipo ilo ndilo dazi ilo likulembeka chomene m'mabukhu. Chipepala chonena vya nyifwa yawo chikuti iwo Ŵakaŵa na vyaka 99, nangawuli ŵanyakhe ŵakuti 101. Palije umboni wenecho kweni. Iwo ŵakatola zina la Chikhirisitu la Hastings pakubatizika mu mpingo wa Church of Scotland cha m’ma 1905.
Mu vyaka vyam'ma 1915-1916, a Banda ŵakafumako kwawo na kwenda na ŵa Hannock Msokera Phiri, a ‘malume’ ŵaŵo aŵo ŵakasambizga ku sukulu ya Livingstonia cha kufupi na kukaya kwawo kwa a Banda ndipo iwo ŵakayenda pasi kuluta ku Zimbabwe, dela la Hartley. Pati pajumpha chaka chimoza, a Banda ŵakayendaso pasi kuluta ku Johannesburg, charu cha South Africa. Iŵo ŵakagwila ntchito zopambana-pambana ku mgodi wa Witwatersrand kwa vyaka vinandiko. Mu 1925 ŵakaluta ku New York, mcharu cha America na ovwilo wa ŵaliska a W.T. Vernon ŵa mpingo wa African Methodist.
Moyo wawo wa kuwalo (1925-1958)[lemba | kulemba source]
A Banda ŵakasambila ku sukulu ya sekondale ya Wilberforce Institute ku Ohio, ndipo ŵakamalizga masambilo ghawo mu 1928. Iwo ŵakalemba kukayamba sukulu ya u dokotala ku Indiana University ndipo kuti pajumpha telemu yanayi ŵakasintha nakukamalizga masambilo ku University of Chicago, uko ŵakamalizga na digiri yokhwaska vya mbiri mu 1931. Iŵo ŵakamala masambilo ghawo gha udokotala ku Meharry Medical College kweniso ku University of Edenburg, nakumala masambilo ghawo mu 1941. Pakati pa 1942 na 1945 a Banda ŵakagwilo ntchito nga dokotala ku Scotland na ku England.
Mu 1946, chifukwa cha amfumu a Mwase ŵa ku Kasungu aŵo a Banda ŵakakumana nawo ku England mu 1936, ndiposo chifukwa cha pempho la ŵa Malawi ŵanyakhe awo Ŵakaŵa na chidwi ku nkhani ya ndale, a Banda ŵakaimira chipani cha Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) ku Manchester. Kuyambira pa nyengo iyi, iwo ŵakawoneska chidwi chomene ku makani yokhwaska uko ŵakafuma ndipo ŵakapempha Congress yi kuti iŵapase ndalama na ovwilo ŵa ŵanthu ŵanyakhe ŵaku England iŵo ŵakavwila kuyowoya makani gha Nyasaland ku London. Iwo ŵakasuska ivyo a Roy Welensky aŵk ŵakadangilanga South Rhodesia, kuti ŵapange federeshoni ya charu cha Nyasaland, Northern na Southern Rhodesia icho iwo ŵakagomezga chingananga ufulu wa ŵanthu ŵafipa ŵa charu cha Nyasaland. “Chitaganya chopusacho’’(umo ŵaka yowoyela) chikapangika mu 1953. Vikatchuka mu 1951 kuti iwo ŵawelelaso ku Nyasaland kweni m’malo mwake ŵakaluta ku Gold Coast (Ghana). Iye wakaŵa wankhaza wakakoma ŵanthu ŵanandi chomene apo watola ulamuliro wa charu la Malawi.
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