A5
Zina la Chiuta mu Malemba Ghachigiriki
Ŵanthu awo ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakuzomerezga kuti zina la Chiuta, ilo likulembeka mu vilembo vinayi (יהוה), likusangika mu malo pafupifupi 7,000 mu Malemba Ghachihebere agho ghakalembeka pakwamba penecho. Kweni ŵanandi ŵakughanaghana kuti mu Malemba ghakwambilira Ghachigiriki mukaŵavya zina ili. Pa chifukwa ichi, ŵanandi awo ŵakung’anamura Baibolo mazuŵa ghano ŵakuŵikamo yayi zina ili para ŵakung’anamura chigaŵa cha Baibolo, icho ŵakuchichema Tesitamenti Lasono. Nanga ni para ŵakung’anamura mazgu agho ghatoleka mu Malemba Ghachihebere apo vilembo vinayi vikusangika, ŵanandi ŵakuŵikapo waka “Fumu” m’malo mwa zina leneko la Chiuta.
Baibolo la Malemba Ghakupatulika mu Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya lindatolere ivyo ŵanthu aŵa ŵakuchita. Ilo lili na zina lakuti Yehova mu malo 237 mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Pakulemba zina ili, awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo ili ŵakaghanaghanira fundo ziŵiri zakuzirwa: (1) Mipukutu Yachigiriki iyo yilipo sono ni iyo yikaŵako pakwambilira yayi. Pa mipukutu iyo yiliko lero, yinandi yikalembeka pakati pajumpha vyaka pafupifupi 200 kufuma apo yakwambilira yikalembekera. (2) Kuzakafika mu nyengo iyi, awo ŵakakoperanga mipukutu ŵakwenera kuti ŵakawuskangamo vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta na kuŵikamo lizgu Lachigiriki (Kyʹri·os), ilo likung’anamura “Fumu,” panji ŵakakopera mipukutu iyo ŵanyawo ŵakawuskamo kale vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta.
Komiti Yakung’anamura Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya yikawona kuti pali ukaboni wakukwana wakuti vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta vikaŵamo mu mipukutu yakwambilira Yachigiriki. Yikafika pa fundo iyi, chifukwa cha maukaboni agha:
Malemba Ghachihebere agho ghakaŵako mu nyengo ya Yesu na ŵapositole ŵake ghakaŵa na vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta mose umo likasangikanga. Kumanyuma uku, pakaŵa ŵanthu ŵanyake awo ŵakasuskanga fundo iyi. Sono pakuti mabuku ghanyake gha Malemba Ghachihebere agho ghakalembeka mu nyengo ya Yesu na ŵapositole ghali kusangika kufupi na Qumran, fundo iyi yawoneka kuti njaunenesko nadi.
Mu nyengo ya Yesu na ŵapositole ŵake, vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta vikasangikanga mu mabaibolo Ghachigiriki agho ghakang’anamulika kufuma ku Malemba Ghachihebere. Kwa vyaka vinandi chomene, ŵanthu ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakaghanaghananga kuti mu mipukutu ya Septuagint Yachigiriki iyo yikang’anamulika kufuma ku Malemba Ghachihebere mukaŵavya vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta. Sono kuzakafika mukatikati mwa vyaka vya m’ma 1900, ŵanthu ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakabowozga vibenthu vinyake vyakale chomene vya Septuagint Yachigiriki iyo yikaŵako mu nyengo ya Yesu. Vibenthu ivi vili na zina leneko la Chiuta, lakulembeka mu vilembo Vyachihebere. Ntheura, mu nyengo ya Yesu, Malemba agho ghakaŵa mu Chigiriki ghakaŵa na zina la Chiuta. Kweni kuzakafika cha m’ma 300 C.E., mipukutu yikuruyikuru ya Septuagint Yachigiriki, nga nja Codex Vaticanus na Codex Sinaiticus, yikaŵavya zina la Chiuta mu mabuku gha Genizesi m’paka Malaki (umo likasangikanga mu mipukutu yakwambilira). Ntheura ntchakuzizika yayi kuti mu malemba agho ghakasungika kwambira nyengo yira, zina la Chiuta likusangikamo yayi mu chigaŵa cha Baibolo icho ŵakuchichema Chipangano Chasono, panji Malemba Ghachigiriki.
Yesu wakati: “Niza mu zina la Adada.” Wakayowoyaso kuti ivyo wakachitanga, wakachitanga mu ‘zina la Awiske.’
Malemba Ghachigiriki ghakulongora kuti kanandi Yesu wakayowoyanga vya zina la Chiuta na kuphalirako ŵanji. (Yohane 17:6, 11, 12, 26) Yesu wakayowoya kuti: “Niza mu zina la Adada.” Wakayowoyaso kuti ivyo wakachitanga, wakachitanga mu ‘zina la Awiske.’—Yohane 5:43; 10:25.
Pakuti Malemba Ghachigiriki ghakaŵa mazgu gha Chiuta kusazgira pa Malemba Ghachihebere, ntchambura kupulikikwa kuti zina lakuti Yehova mungaŵavya mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Cha mu 61 C.E., msambiri Yakobe wakaphalira ŵalara mu Yerusalemu kuti: “Simiyoni walongosora makora umo Chiuta nyengo yakwamba wakang’anamukira ku mitundu kuti kwa iwo watoleko ŵanthu ŵa zina lake.” (Milimo 15:14) Kuŵenge kuti ŵanthu mu nyengo yira ŵakalimanyanga yayi zina la Chiuta panji kulizunura, mphanyi ivyo Yakobe wakayowoya vikaŵa vyambura kupulikikwa.
Zina la Chiuta likusangika mwakudumura mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Pa Chivumbuzi 19:1, 3, 4, 6, zina la Chiuta likusangika mu mazgu ghakuti “Aleluya.” Lizgu ili likufuma ku mazgu Ghachihebere agho ghakung’anamura kuti “Lumbani Ya.” Ya, nkhudumura kwa zina lakuti Yehova. Mazina ghanandi agho ghali kulembeka mu Malemba Ghachigiriki ghali kutoleka ku zina la Chiuta. Nakuti mabuku ghanyake ghakuti zina la Yesu likung’anamura kuti “Yehova Ntchiponosko.”
Vyakulembeka vyakale vya Chiyuda vikulongora kuti Ŵakhristu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵayuda ŵakalembanga zina la Chiuta mu mabuku ghawo. Tosefta, ilo ni buku la malango ghakuphalirika waka pa mulomo ndipo likamara kulembeka cha mu 300 C.E., likuyowoya vya mabuku ghakulembeka na Ŵakhristu agho ŵakaghawotchanga pa Sabata, likuti: ‘Mabuku gha Ŵapharazgi na mabuku gha minim [Ŵakhristu awo ŵakaŵa Ŵayuda] ŵakughaleka waka yayi. Kweni ŵakughawotcha pa moto pamoza na mapepara ghose agho ghali na Zina la Chiuta.’ Buku leneliri lili na mazgu gha Rabbi Yosé Mugalileya, uyo wakaŵako mu vyaka vyakwambilira vya m’ma 100 C.E., agho ghakuti mu mazuŵa ghanyake mu sabata, ‘munthu munyake wakuwuskamo mapepara ghose agho pali Zina la Chiuta [kung’anamura mu ivyo Ŵakhristu ŵakalemba] na kughabisa, ndipo ghanyake wakughawotcha.’
Ŵanthu ŵanyake ŵakusanda vya Baibolo ŵakuzomerezga kuti zina la Chiuta likwenera kuti likaŵamo nadi mu Malemba Ghachigiriki agho mazgu ghake ŵakaghatora mu Malemba Ghachihebere. Pa mutu wakuti “Tetiragiramatoni mu Tesitamenti Lasono,” buku linyake likuti: ‘Pali ukaboni wakuti apo Tesitamenti Lasono likambanga kulembeka, vilembo vinayi vyakwimira zina la Chiuta, lakuti Yawe, vikaŵamo mu mazgu ghanyake panji ghose ghakufuma mu Tesitamenti Lakale agho ghakang’anamulika mu Tesitamenti Lasono.’ (The Anchor Bible Dictionary) George Howard, wakusanda vya Baibolo wakati: ‘Pakuti vilembo vinayi vya zina la Chiuta vikalembekanga nipera mu mabuku gha Baibolo Lachigiriki [Septuagint] ilo tchalitchi lakwambilira likagwiliskiranga ntchito, ipo ntchakupulikikwa kugomezga kuti awo ŵakalembanga Tesitamenti Lasono, ŵakawuskangamo yayi vilembo vinayi vya zina la Chiuta para ŵakukora mazgu kufuma mu Malemba Ghachihebere.’
Ŵanthu ŵakumanyikwa awo ŵakang’anamurako Baibolo ŵakaŵikamo zina la Chiuta mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Ŵanyake mwa ŵanthu aŵa ŵakaŵikamo zina la Chiuta mu mabaibolo agho ghakang’anamulika kale chomene pambere Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya lindaŵeko. Mabaibolo agho ŵakang’anamura ni agha: A Literal Translation of the New Testament . . . From the Text of the Vatican Manuscript, lakung’anamulika na Herman Heinfetter (1863); The Emphatic Diaglott, lakung’anamulika na Benjamin Wilson (1864); The Epistles of Paul in Modern English, lakung’anamulika na George Barker Stevens (1898); St. Paul’s Epistle to the Romans, lakung’anamulika na W. G. Rutherford (1900); The New Testament Letters, lakung’anamulika na J.W.C. Wand, Bishopu wa ku London (1946). Padera pa aŵa, mu Baibolo Lachisipanishi ilo wakang’anamura Pablo Besson kukwambilira kwa vyaka vya m’ma 1900, wakaŵikapo “Jehová” pa Luka 2:15 na Yuda 14, ndipo mazgu ghamusi pafupifupi 100 agho wali kulemba ghakulongora kuti zina la Chiuta ndilo likenera kulembeka pa malo agho. Kale chomene, pambere ŵanthu ŵandang’anamure mabaibolo agha, mabuku gha Malemba Ghachigiriki gha mu vyaka vya m’ma 1500 kuya munthazi agho pakwamba ghakaŵa mu Chihebere, ghakaŵa na vilembo vinayi vya zina la Chiuta mu malo ghanandi. Mu chiyowoyero cha Chijeremani pera, pafupifupi mabaibolo 11 ghali na mazgu ghakuti “Jehovah” (panji ghakuti waka “Yahweh”) mu Malemba Ghachigiriki, apo ŵakung’anamulira ŵanyake ŵanayi ŵali kuŵika zina ili mu mabulaketi pa mazgu ghakuti “Fumu.” Mabaibolo ghakujumpha 70 mu chiyowoyero cha Chijeremani ghali na zina la Chiuta mu mazgu ghamusi panji ghanyake agho ghakulongosora vya Baibolo.
Mabaibolo gha mu viyowoyero vyakujumpha 100 ghali na zina la Chiuta mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Ŵanthu ŵa viyowoyero vinandi vya ku Africa, America, Asia, Europe, na virwa vya Pacific ŵakuzunura zina la Chiuta kwambura suzgo. (Wonani viyowoyero ivi pa peji 1998 na 1999.) Awo ŵakang’anamuranga mabaibolo mu viyowoyero ivi, ŵakasankha kuŵikamo zina la Chiuta pa vifukwa ivyo talongosora kale. Mabaibolo ghanyake gha Malemba Ghachigiriki ghang’anamulika sonosono apa, nga la Rotuman (1999), ilo lili na mazgu ghakuti “Jihova” pa malo 51 mu mavesi 48, na la Batak (Toba) la mu 1989 la ku Indonesia, ilo lili na mazgu ghakuti “Jahowa” pa malo 110.
Ntheura pali vifukwa vyakupulikikwa vyakuwezgeramo zina la Chiuta lakuti Yehova, mu Malemba Ghachigiriki. Ndivyo awo ŵakang’anamuranga Baibolo la Mang’anamuliro gha Charu Chiphya ŵachita. Iwo ŵakuchindika chomene zina la Chiuta ndipo ŵakopa kufumiskamo chilichose icho chikaŵa mu malemba ghakwambilira.—Chivumbuzi 22:18, 19.
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