VYARU NA ŴANTHU
Charu cha Uzbekistan
CHIGAŴA icho sono kuli charu cha Uzbekistan chikachemekanga na mazina ghanandi nga ni Transoxiana, Tartary, Turkistan, kweniso Charu cha pakati pa Milonga. Kwambira waka m’ma 1400 C.E., misumba ya mu Uzbekistan yikawovwiranga chomene ŵamalonda awo ŵakendanga mu msewu uwo ukafumanga ku China m’paka ku nyanja ya Meditereniyani. Thonje ndilo likusangika chomene mu misika ya ku Uzbekistan. Kweniso ŵakuguliska makalipeti ghakutowa agho ŵakupanga kufuma ku thonje, weya, panji kholokoto (khonje).
Kwamba kale chomene, ŵanthu ŵa ku Uzbekistan ŵakutolera kakhaliro ka ŵanthu ŵakupambanapambana. Mafumu ghakumanyikwa pamoza na ŵasilikari ŵawo ŵankhongono ŵakendamo mu mapiri na vipalamba vya charu ichi. Mafumu agha ni Alexander Mukuru, uyo wakasangako mwanakazi Roxane, Genghis Khan wa ku Mongolia, na Tumur (panji kuti Tamarlane), themba la ufumu unyake ukuru mu nyengo yakale.
Mu matawuni gha ku Uzbekistan muli nyumba zakutowa zakale zakutozgeka na matayilosi ghabuluu. Pasono zinandi mwa nyumba izi ni masukulu.
Msewu wa Silk. Msewu uwu ukamba kugwira ntchito cha m’ma 114 B.C.E. Ukawovwira chomene m’paka cha kuumaliro kwa 1400 C.E., apo ŵakajura mendero gha pa nyanja m’paka ku India. Msewu uwu ukajumphanga mu chigaŵa icho sono chikuchemeka Uzbekistan, ndipo ukawovwira chomene pa malonda.
Nyanja ya Aral. Nyanja ya Aral yikaŵa yikuru kweni sono yikuchepa chifukwa chakuti ŵanthu ŵakupatuska maji kuti ŵathilirenge minda. Boma la Uzbekistan na vyaru vinyake vya ku Central Asia vikulimbikira kuti vimazge suzgo ili.
Alufabeti ya ku Uzbekistan yikusinthasintha. Mu charu ichi ŵanthu ŵakayowoyanga viyowoyero vyakupambanapambana. Kweni cha m’ma 700 C.E., Ŵasilamu ŵakati ŵapoka charu ichi ŵakamba kusambizga Chiarabiki. Charu ichi chikati chanjira mu wupu wa Soviet Union, ŵakatolera alufabeti ya Chilatini. Kuumaliro kwa m’ ma 1930, ŵakaleka Chilatini na kutolera Chisiriliki. Mu 1993, ŵakaŵika dango lakuti paŵe alufabeti ya Chiuzbek, icho chikuyanako na kalembero ka Chilatini. ▪
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