Malawi
Malaŵi, mwanthunthu, Repabliki ya Malawi, ni charu ku manjililo gha dazi gha chirwa cha Afrika ndipo kale yikachemekanga Nyasaland apo yili pasi pa ŵangelezi. Malaŵi yina mphaka na Zambia, Tanzania na Mozambique. Malawi njikulu kujumpha 118,484 km2 ndipo yina ŵanthu 18,143,217 (mu Julayi 2018). Nyanja Malaŵi, yili chigaŵa chimoza mu vigaŵa vitatu vya malo ghose gha Malawi. Msumba ulula ni Lilongwe, mbwe Blantyre, mbwe Mzuzu mbwe Zomba ughu uli Msumba ulala wakale. Zina la Malawi likufuma ku Maravi, Zina lakale la ŵacheŵa kung'anamula kuti Moto, chifukwa apa ŵakasemanga visulo Moto ukabukanga.
Maunenesko[edit | edit source]
Mazgu wogumanyiska: "umoza na mtendele"
Sumu ya charu: Fumu Tumbikani Malaŵi
Msumba ukulu: Lilongwe
Mitundu ya ŵanthu (mu 2018) 34.4% ŵaChewa 18.9% ŵaLomwe 13.3% ŵaYao 10.4% ŵaNgoni 9.2% ŵaTumbuka 3.8% ŵaSena 3.2% ŵaMang'anja 1.9% ŵaNyanja 1.8% ŵaTonga 1.0% ŵaNgonde 0.6% ŵaLambya 0.5% ŵaSukwa 1.1% ŵanyakhe
Vigomezgo (2018)
77.3% ŵakhristu —33.5% ŵosuska —17.2% katolika —26.6% ŵakhristu ŵanyakhe
13.8% ŵasilamu 2.1% aŵa ŵalije 1.2% zyachikaya 5.6% vinyakhe
Kuchemekeka: m'Malaŵi
Boma La mlongozgi mu Unthunthu wake wose na Dango likulu
• mlongozgi: Lazarus Chakwera
• wachiŵiri ku mlongozgi: Saulos Chilima
Upangi dango: Mphara ya Dango
Mbiri • ufulu kwa United Kingdom 6 July 1964 • urepabuliki 6 July 1966 • Dango lilipo sono 18 May 1994
Malo • ghose 118,484 km2
• maji 20.6% Unandi-ŵanthu
• 2020 moghanaghanilapo 19,129,952 • 2018 17,563,749 • kuthitikana 153.1/km2
Mtengo wa Katundu wopangika 2019 • mwanthunthu $25.037 biliyoni • pa kapita $1,234
Chigaŵa cha nyengo Pakati pa Afrika (PPA)
Kokwendeska galimoto Kumazele
Khodi yakwimbila +265
Khodi ya ISO 3166 MW
TLD ya Internet .mw
- kwananilapo kwa unandi-ŵanthu mu charu ichi kukuoneskeskapo nkhanira umo AIDS yutimbanizgila ŵanthu; nthe kukhizga utali wa ŵanthu, kukwezga nyifwa za ŵabonda, kukhila kwa unandi-ŵanthu na ku kwandanika kwa ŵanthu, na kusinthika kwa kuthithikana kwa ŵanthu kutolela unandi-ŵanthu, vilika na unalume-kazi kujumpha umo kanandi vikuŵila.
Maunenesko agha ghakufuma ku "CIA World Factbook" kupatula apo vyayowoyeka. *
Mazgu ghakudanga[edit | edit source]
Malo gha Afrika agho sono ni Malaŵi kukiza ŵanthu wachi Bantu mvilimika vyachi mankhonde-khonde chachi nkhonde. Mvilimika mankhonde-khonde vati vyajumpha mu chilimika cha 1891 malogha ghakaphangika na ŵangelezi. Mu 1953 Malaŵi, iyo apo yikaŵa Nyasaland, malo ghakuvikililika na United Kingdom, yikazgoka yojilamula yekha pachoko mu mkolano wa Rhodesia na Nyasaland. Mkolano ughu ukasungunulika mu 1963. Mu 1964 uvikiliki wa Nyasaland ukamalizgika ndipo Nyasaland yikazgoka yojilamula yekha kwe pasi pa Karonga Elizabeth II na zina liphya la Malawi. Mbwe pati pajumpha vyaka viŵili ka zgoka ripabuliki, ufumu wa Elizabeth II pa Malawi kumalaso papo. Kufuma pakutola ufulu yika zgoka ya chipani chimoza pasi pa mlongozgi Hastings Kamuzu Banda uyu wakaŵa na nkhongono zose, kukhala pa ulongozgi mpaka 1994. Malawi sono yina Boma la udemoklase, yavipani vinandi na mlongozgi wosankhika na ŵanthu, iyo sono ni Lazarus Chakwera. Chalochi china wupu la ŵasilikali ŵapamtunda, m'maji na mlengalenga. Malawi yili mu ma wupu gha vyalo vingapo nthe United Nations, Commonwealth of Nations, Southern African Development Community (SADC), Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa (COMESA), na African Union (AU).
Malawi njimoza ya vyalu vikavu nkhanira pa charu. Chuma chakhe chugomezga chomene ulimi, ndipo ŵanthu ŵanandi mbakukala m'mikaya aŵo ŵakwandana chomene. Boma la Malawi lugomezga nkhanira ovwili wavyalu vyakuwalo.
Ku Malawi Kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakuluwala HIV na AIDS. Kuli ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵakufumapo ku Ulaya na ku Asia.
Mbiri[edit | edit source]
Pambeli ku malo agho sono ni Malawi kundize ŵa Bantu kukaŵa ŵa Kafula kweni ŵa Bantu ŵakamba kwiza mchilimika cha chi khumi kufuma ku mpoto kwa Afrika. ŵakalutilila ku m'mwela kwe ŵanyakhe ŵakakhala na kwamba ufumu wa Maravi na ŵa nkhamanga.
Pati pajumpha 1600, maravi yikaŵa na Fumu yimoza kwe mu 1700, Ŵakagaŵanika. ŴaArab ŵakamba kugula ŵazga m'Malaŵi chomene nkhanira m'ma 1800s, pafupi ŵanthu 20,000 ŵakibika kufuma ku Nkhotakota kuluta nawo ku Kilwa kukaguliskika.
Mu 1889, uvikili wa Britain ukaŵikika pa mapiri ya Shire, iyo mu 1891 yikasazgika kukwana Malaŵi yose wa mwahuno nga British Central Africa Protectorate. Mu 1907, uvili uwu ukazachemeka Nyasaland.
Mu 1944, Nyasaland African Congress (NAC) yopangika na ŵina Afrika ŵamu Nyasaland kuti yituske kunthazi makhumbo gha ŵina Malawi kwa Boma la ŵazungu. Nyasaland yikazaŵikika ku federeshoni yochemeka Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, kweniso Central African Federation ŵanthu ŵotinkha boma la ŵazungu ŵakakula ndipo NAC yikakula ŵolondezga. Mmoza wa ŵotinkha bola la ŵazungu akaŵa Dr. Hastings Banda, uyu akaŵa doktala ŵosambizgika kuwalo wakachemeka ku kaya ku Nyasaland mu 1958 kuti wavwile kulimbana na Boma la ŵazungu. Banda wakasankhika kuŵa president wa NAC. Ndipo wakakakika. Ŵakamuluka mu 1960 nakufumbika kuti walembe Dango la Nyasaland.
Mu 1961, Malawi Congress Party (MCP) ya Banda yikapambana mvisankho ndipo Banda wakazgo Phungu Yilala mu 1963. Federation yikamala mu 1963, ndipo pa 6 July 1964, Nyasaland yikasanga ufulu kwa ŵina Britain nakujichema Malawi. Na Dango liphya, Malawi yikazgoka ripabuliki na Banda nga Mlongozgi-charu.
Dango ilo likazgola Malawi la chipani chimoza icho chikaŵa MCP. Mu 1971, ŵakati Banda ni mlongozgi wa Moyo. Kwa pafupi vyaka 30, Banda wakalamulila nthenda. Vipani vyosuska nthe ya Malawi Freedom Movement ya Orton Chirwa na Socialist League of Malawi, yakapangika na aŵo ŵakatchimbizgika mu Malawi.
Banda wakazomela referendamu mu 1993 apo ŵanthu ŵanandi ŵawukila boma ndipo ŵanthu ŵakavotela kuti Malawi yiŵe demoklase ya vipani vinandi. Mu 1993, ulongozgi wa Moyo ukakanika ndipo dango liphya likapangika. Mu 1994 mu visankho viphya, Banda wakaluskika na Bakili Muluzi uyu wakasankhikaso mu visola vya mu 1999, Ntheura wakakhara mlongozgi paka 2004, apo Dr. Bingu wa Mutharika wakasoleka na kuzasolekaso mu 2009.
Iye wakatinkhika na ŵanandi, chomene mu ulendo wakhe wachiŵiri nga mlongozgi apo ŵanthu ŵakachi viwoneskelo ivo ŵanthu 18 ŵakakomeka na ŵapolisi ndipo ŵanthu 44 ŵakapwetekeka.
Mu April 2012, Mutharika wakafwa na nthenda ya ntima; ndipo mlongozgi wakazgoka uyu wakaŵa mlongozgi wachiŵiri pasi pa Mutharika Joyce Banda.
Mu 2014 Joyce Banda wakatondeka visankho (kuŵa wachitatu) na kupokeleleka na peter Mutharika munung'una wa Bingu wa Mutharika nga mlongozgi.
Mu visankho vya 2019 wakapambana Peter Mutharika nanangawuli mphara ya milandu ghokhwaska Dango yikagamula kuti chisankho chikibika na chipani cha Peter Mutharika (icho ni Democratic Progressive Party) pamoza na wupu la Visola Ntheura visankho vizamuchitikaso pa 2 julayi 2020 apo chisankho cha 2019 chakomeka.
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