Tindlela Tekuvuna Emanti Elitulu
Kukhona tindlela letintsatfu tekuvuna emanti elitulu. Emanti-langetulu kukhongetekwa kwemanti elitulu kusuka ekuhambeni kwelipulazi, abe emathayela-ngetulu kwemanti lamancane, kukhongetelwa kwemanti elitulu lasuka emathayeleni emabhilidi.
Emanti Elitulu Langetulu-Lamaningi
Emanti elitulu akhongetelwe kusuka kuletindzawo lapho agijima khona letigegeletele lelipulazi noma lendzawo. Emanti angahanjiswa kancane phansi bese ahleleka emiseleni, lefana ne jessours lesetjentiswa eTunisia. Lenamisele itfolwa emaweni lanyekelako lapho khona imvula yemnyaka isemkhatsini wa 100 kuya ku 200 mm. emanti elitulu lakhulakko angakhulisa bukhona bemanti bube ngu 400 kuya ku 500 mm ngekwehla kwemvula ngemnyaka munye. Emadvonga ematje lakakha bobhesini labagubhile noma emadami kanye nendlela yekuhambisa kwentela kukhulula emanti langenako afaka indlela yemanti lamaningi langetulu. Noma nguyiphi indlela yekungenisa emanti ingagcinwa. Letinye tintfo letikahle tifaka kungetetelwa kwemanti angaphansi kanye nekugadza emanti lageletako.
Indzawo Lengetulu Yemanti-Lamancane Kakhulu
©Natural Resources Conservation Service (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
Emanti elitulu lakhelelwe kusuka kutindledla-tasemasimini noma endzaweni levulekile nelingetulu lelifisha. Ngemalungiselelo, loku kwentiwa ngekwakha bobhesini labagube kancane kanye nemigodzi lemincane kwentela kukhongetela emanti. Onkhe emanti agcinwa emhlabatsini. Lenandlela inciphisa kugijima lokusuka endzaweni levulekile phindze ivikele kugedvuka kwemhlabatsi.
Indzawo Yemanti Lengetulu-Yemathayela Lencane
Emanti elitulu akhongelelka kusuka emathayeleni bese ahlelwa kutsi ahambe ngemagatha noma emaphayiphi ayongena emathangeni lapho agcinwa khona. Impompi ivama kuhlanganiswa ethangeni. Emanti ngekushesha abakhona kwentela kusetjentiselwa tintfo tasendlini.
Lichinga Lelikahle leKuvuna Emanti Elitulu
Lokuvunwa kwemanti elitulu-endzawo levulekile (in-field rainwater harvesting – IRWH) lelichinga lacalwa bacwalingi be Lucwalingo lwe Kulima lwe Nyuvesi yeKhanseli kwentela Umhlabatsi, Simo selitulu ne Manti eBloemfontein.
Le lichinga le IRWH litfwele 2 m-tindledlana letibanti emkhatsini wemilayini yenhlanyelo nekugcina lamantin lagijimako kubobhesini noma kumadamu lamancane. Ngemuva kwekubekwa kwalabo bhesini, kute kuhlanyela futsi kute nekugucula – kulima kanye nekutsanjiswa kwemhlabatsi – kwenteka endzaweni legijimako bese kwakheka tigogo noma kugedvuka kancane, lokutfutfukisa kugijima kwemanti. Emanti lakhelelekile ngalena ndlela angangena ashone phansi emhlabatsini ngaphnsi kwendzaawo lengetulu, ngakokw kunciphisa umoya wemanti.
Lawa manti elitulu lavunwako ahlanganisa tintfo letincane tekulima temanti elitulu, kute-kugucula, kulungiselela bhesini kusho kutsi lomhlabatsi kulendzawo lapho khona lamantin akhongetelwa, kufana nemadamu lashonako, ayatsanjiswa. Loku kungenteka ngelihharigi futsi kutocinisa kutsi lamanti abambeka malula kulomhlabatsi.
Lendlela ye IRWH inganciphisa kuphelela kwemanti lagijimako laya kuzero phindze kunciphise umoya losuka ngetulu emhlabatsini. Loku kukhokha ekukhuleni kwalokukhokhiwe ngenca yemanti lamaningi endzaweni yetimphandze tetitjalo. Lucwalingo lwase Thaba Nchu lese Sifundzeni sase Free State lwatfola lendlela ye IRWH ikhulise lokukhokhwa kwenhlanyelo yasehlobo nga 40%, bhekeni nga 30% kanye nemabhontjisi lomile nga 90%.
Kunconyotwa kutsi kufakwe tibhidvo letindzala kulendzawo legijimako kwentela kuvikela kusuka kwemhlabatsi ngenca yemanti.
Lokuhle kwe Kuvunwa Kwemanti Elitulu-Endzaweni LevulekileLokuhle ngalendzawo yabhesini:
Misa kugijima-emasimini noma endzaweni levulekile
Kukhulisa kusefeka kwemanti
Kugcina emanti lavuniwe endzaweni yemhlabatsi
Kufakwa kwetibhidvo noma emacembe kubobhesini labanciphisa umoyaLokuhle kwendzawo legijimako:
Tfutfukisa emanti-lagijimako endzaweni levulekile noma emasimini
Sebenta njengendzawo yesibili yekugcinela emanti
Kufakwa kwemacembe noma tibhidvo endzaweni legijimako kunciphisa umoya phindze kuvikele kugedvuka kwemhlaba.
Tidzingo te Kuvunwa Kwemanti eMvula Emasimini
Emanti ekuvunwa kwemanti elitulu lase-masimini akalungi kumhlabatsi wematje lamancane futsi akahle asetjentiswa emhlabatsini welibumba noma imihlabatsi ye duplex – imihlabatsi leyakaha tigadla letetfwele luumba. Kutfola lolokwetfelwe lubumba, ndlala incenye yemhlabatsi ngendlela yekuma kwesibungu bese utama kugocota kube ngu C.
Lesidvuli akukameli kwengce 8% lapho kute kahle khona umhlabatsi, kufana nelitje kanye nekwehla kwemvula yemnyaka lekumele ibesemkhatsini wa 450 na 700 mm.
Translated by Phindile Malotana
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