Saint-Étienne
- Wɔatwerɛ nsɛm wei ɛwɔ Asante kasa mu
Saint-Étienne (sɛdeɛ frenchfoɔ frɛ no: [sɛ̃t‿etjɛn]; Arpitan: Sant-Etiève; Occitan: Sant Estève, [ˈsantesˈtɛBe]; broɔfo: Saint Stephen)(pronounciation of "Saint-Étienne" (help·info)) ye kuro kesee a ɛwɔ France mfimfini apueɛ, wɔ Massif Central ɛde broɔfo kwansin aduosia kɔ Lyon anaafoɔ atɔeɛ famm a ɛwɔ Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes mantam, wɔ kwan a ɛka Toulouse ne Lyon bom. Saint-Étienne na ɛma Loire nkorabata yɛɛ fɛ.
Saint-Étienne yɛ ɔman a ɛtɔ so du mmiɛnsa a wɔn nnipa dɔɔso wɔ France ɛna ɛyɛ kuro a ɛtɔ so mmienu a ɛwɔ nnipa wɔ Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes. Saint-Étienne Métropole na ɛtɔ so mmiɛnsa a ɛwɔ mantam beberee sɛ Grenoble Alpes ne Lyon firi hɔ a. Mansini adantam no da urban beaɛ no akoma so a nnipa a ɛte hɔ boro mpem ahanum ne du nkron, ahannwɔtwe ne aduasa nan (519,834) wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du nsia mu, ɛna ɛtɔ so du nson wɔ France a wɔn nnipa dɔɔso,ekura ɔha ne du nson mansini adantam.
Pii noa nim no sɛ kuro a ɛwɔ France ɛwɔ akodeɛ,cycle ne ribbon ne beaɛ a wɔtu sika kɔkɔɔ, Saint-Etienne de ne ho agye Urban renewal dwumakuo bi a ɛso a wɔn anisoadehunu ne sɛ ɔbɛsesa industial kuro a wɔnya firii 19 sɛntry de kɔ "design capital" a ɛwɔ sɛntry a ɛtɔ so aduonu baako. Saint-Etienne na ɔhunuu saa tirimpɔ yi wɔberɛ a wɔrekɔyɛ UNESCO creative cities network wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du mu. Wɔdaso resiesie kuro no, a Châteaucreux business district na ɛreboa ama adwuma no akɔ so,beaɛ a wɔtɔn steel ne manufacturing creative mansini.
Ɛnam wɔn bɔɔlobɔ kuo a wɔfrɛ no AS Saint-Étienne a ɔdii nkunim wɔ Ligue 1 a ɛda hɔ na nnipa pii nim na ama kuro no agye din.
Abakwasɛm[sesa]
Wɔde ne din too Saint Stephen, kuro s ɔdiikan puii Saint-Étienne de Furan a ɛwɔ Middle Ages abakwasɛm mu(berɛ a wɔhyɛɛ Loire animuonyam, River Furan akyire). Wɔ 13th sɛntry no, na asɔre ketewa bi na wɔde too ne din. Sɛ woduru Furan soro a ɛbɛn St. James, the Abbey of Valbenoǐte a Cistercians na ɔwiiɛ wɔ afe apem ahanu ne aduonu mmienu nom. 15th sɛntry rekɔ awieeɛ no, na ayɛ akura a wɔde afasuo atwa ho ahyia.
Ɛfiri 16th sɛntry no, Saint-Étienne sii dwumakuo bi a ɔbɛyɛɛ dwa wɔ kuro nom. Ɛwɔm sɛ na ɛyɛ beaeɛ a wɔyɛ ribbons ne passementerie ɛhyɛɛ aseɛ firi 17th sɛntry deɛ nanso ɛnam saa dwumakuo no so na ɛmaa kuro no so baa mfasoɔ.
Ɛno akyire no, ɛbɛyɛɛ beaɛ a wɔtu Loire coal mining basin agudeɛ, ɛna seisei nso abɛyɛ beaɛ a wɔtɔn dade fidie.
Wɔ 19th sɛntry mfimfini no, na ɛyɛ ɔhene kuro a ɛyɛ arrondissement wɔ Loire département a ɛwɔ nnipa bɛyɛ mpem aduasa mmiɛnsa, ne aduosia nan (33,064) wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduasa mmienu. Adwene a ɛkɔɔ dwumakuo no so maa ɛpagya kɔɔ soro ma wɔ nyaa nnipa mpem ɔha ne du (110,000) wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduowɔtwe (1880) nom. Ɛnam nyini a Saint-Étienne nyini kɔɔ soro nti ɔyɛp hɔ no beaɛ a ɛhia ne departmental Administration wɔ Kitawonsa bosome da a ɛtɔ aduonu num wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (25 July,1855), berɛ a ɛbɛyɛɛ ɔhene kuro wɔ département ne beaɛ a ɛyɛ, a wɔde Montbrison sii anan, a ɛmaa diberɛ a ɛda hɔ sɛ ɔhene kuro no so teeɛ kɔɔ arrondissement. Saint-Étienne twee Valbenoǐte kuro ne nkuro nkuro pii a ɛbɛn no wɔ ɔbɛnem bosome da a ɛtɔ so aduasa baako wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (31 March, 1855) nom.
Nnipa Dodoɔ[sesa]
Nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔ pono ne graph noa ɛwɔ aseɛ no so no yɛ nnipa dodoɔ a ɛwɔSaint-Étienne kurom, wɔ wiase wɔ mfeɛ pɔtee bi mu. Saint-Étienne kuro no twee ɛnkane nkuro a ɛwɔ Beaubrun, Montaud, Outre-Furent ne Valbenoîte wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduonum num (1855) mu, ceded Planfoy wɔ afe apem ahannwɔtwe ne aduosia mmiɛnsa (1863), a ɛne exclave Saint-Victor-sur-Loire neTerrenoire ka bomm wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduosia nkron(1969) ne Rochetaillée wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduoson mmiɛnsa (1973) nom.[1]
Amammerɛ[sesa]
Saint-Étienne bɛyɛɛ beaɛ a akwantufoɔ taa gyina wɔ 20th sɛntry ntɛm paa ara.
Wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduokron nwɔtwe(1998) mu no, Saint-Étienne sii biennale a ɛso sene nea ɛwɔ hɔ biara wɔ France.[2] Ɛtumi di bɛyɛ nnawɔtwe mmienu. La Cité du design a wɔsii no wɔ ɛnkane arms factory asaase wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne nkron (2009) mu ayɛ dwumadie soronko a ɛho wɔ mfasoɔ a ayɛ abakwasɛm wɔ hɔ. Kuro no sane bue Massenet afahyɛ, (Jules Massenet a ɔtwerɛ nnwom no firi saa beaɛ hɔ). Yii ne ho sii hɔ daa Massenet dwumadie adi. Wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu mu no, wɔde kuro no too French Towns ánd Lands of Art and History. Wɔ Obubuo bosome da a ɛtɔ so aduonu mmienu,wɔ mfeɛ mpem mmienu ne du (22 Nov., 2022) wɔyii no sɛ "City off Design" kaa UNESCO's creative cities Network.[3]
Saint-Étienne wɔ Museum nan.
- the Musée d'Art Moderne wɔ beaɛ baako a ɛso a wɔtɔn ɛnnɛ mmerɛ yi art a ɛwɔ France.
- Musée de la Mine
- Musée d'Art et d'Industrie (fr)
- Musée du vieux Saint-Etienne (fr)
Ewiase Nsakraeɛ.[sesa]
Wiase no nsakraeɛ no yɛ sɛ ɛyɛ hye anaa nwonu wɔ wiem ɛnam ne altitude a ɛwɔ fam nti nanso Saint-Étienne ankasa wɔ soro paa bɛyɛ borɔfo kwansin ahanum ne aduasa (a ɛne 1739ft yɛ pɛ) wɔ kuro a ɛwɔ aseɛ ɛna ɛwɔ borɔfo kwansin ahanson a ɛne (2297ft) yɛ pɛ a ɛwɔ soro wɔ nkuro bi a ɛwɔ anaafoɔ fam. Saint-Étienne bɛn warm-summer humid continental climate(Köppen:Dfb), ɔyɛ kuro a ɛwɔ France a snow tɔɔ hɔ paa, bɛyɛ 85cm(2.79ft) na ɛtaa tɔ.
Kɔlege ne suapɔn ahodoɔ.[sesa]
- Jean Monnet University
- École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Étienne (EMSE or ENSMSE)
- École nationale d'ingénieurs de Saint-Étienne (ENISE)
- Telecom Saint Etienne (TSE)
- EMLYON Business School
- ENSASE (Ecole National Supérieure d'Architecture de Saint-Étienne)
Nnipa titiriw[sesa]
Saint-Étienne yɛ beaɛ a yɛwoo a
- René Diaz, French nsɛntwerɛni ne llustrator
- Augustin Dupré (1748–1833), engraver of French coins and medals, France's 14th graveur général des monnaies
- Claude Fauriel (1772–1844), historian, philologist and critic
- Saint Marcellin Champagnat (1789–1840), Roman sɔfopanin ne Mary nnipa a ɔka Mary society no ho (Marist Fathers) ɔno na ɔtee Marist Brothers and ɛna wɔfaa no adi sɛ ɔhoteni wɔ afe apem ahankron ne aduokron nkron (1999) nom.
- Antonin Moine (1796–1849), sculptor
- Jules Janin (1804–1874), ɔtwerɛfoɔ ne obi a woako adare wɔ ade pɔtee bi mu.
- Francis Garnier (1839–1873), officer and explorer who explored the Mekong River, much to the surprise of the inhabitants
- Lucie Grange (1839-1908), medium, feminist prophet, ɔda dawurobɔ nkrataa ano.
- Jules Massenet (1842–1912), ɔtwerɛ nnwom, ɛnam n'adwuma a ɛsɔ ani nti na obiara nim no.
- Paul de Vivie, aka Velocio (1853–1930), ɔno na ɔda Le Cycliste adi maamansan hunu, early champion of the dérailleur and father of French cycle touring
- Claudine Chomat (1915–1995), member of the French Resistance during World War II, feminist, communist activist
- Jean Bonfils (1921–2007), ɔbɔ twene mu ne obi a ɔtwerɛ nnwom
- André Bourgey (1936), ɔhwɛ wiem nsakraeɛ
- Jean-Michel Othoniel (1963), contemporary artist
- Bernard Lavilliers (b. 1946), (Bernard Ouillon), nwomtonii
- Orlan (1947–), contemporary artist
- Willy Sagnol (b. 1977), France bɔɔlobɔni a ɔbɔ bɔɔlo kɔ amanɔne
- Jean Guitton (1901–1999), Catholic philosopher and theologian
- Thierry Gueorgiou (b. 1979), Orienteering world champion
- Norma Ray, nwomtonii
- Alexis Ajinca, basketball player
- Sylvain Armand, bɔɔlobɔni
- Sliimy, nnwomtoni
- Aravane Rezai, tennis player
- Loïc Perrin, bɔɔlobɔni
Ɛsane nso yi beaɛ a Andrei Kivilev wuiɛ.
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