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Question: US intelligence leaker Edward Snowden has alleged the National Security Agency engaged in industrial espionage.

In an interview with Germany's ARD TV channel, the former NSA contractor said the agency would spy on big German companies that competed with US firms.
Mr Snowden, who was granted temporary asylum by Russia, also said he believed that US officials wanted to kill him.
His leaks caused outrage in Germany when it came to light Chancellor Angela Merkel's phone had been bugged.
After the row broke out last year, Mrs Merkel accused the US of an unacceptable breach of trust.
Last week President Barack Obama indicated to Germany's ZDF TV that US bugging of Mrs Merkel's mobile phone had been a mistake and would not happen again.
Read more in our in-depth report
How the US spy scandal unravelled
Profile: Edward Snowden
Mr Snowden's new allegation about industrial spying may make it harder to rebuild trans-Atlantic trust, the BBC's Stephen Evans reports from Berlin.
Referring to the German engineering company Siemens, Mr Snowden told ARD: "If there is information at Siemens that they [the NSA] think would be beneficial to the national interests, not the national security, of the United States, they will go after that information and they'll take it."
He also said he believed US agents want to kill him, referring to an article published by the Buzzfeed website in which intelligence operatives are quoted as saying they want to see him dead.
In August Russia granted Mr Snowden asylum for one year, after he leaked details of US electronic surveillance programmes.
The US has charged Mr Snowden with theft of government property, unauthorised communication of national defence information and wilful communication of classified communications intelligence.
Each of the charges carries a maximum 10-year prison sentence. Earlier this week he said he has "no chance" of a fair trial in the US and has no plans to return there.

Mr Greenwald was one of the reporters who broke the 2013 story on internet surveillance by the UK and US.
He told broadcaster ABC that Australia was "probably the country that has got away with things the most" following those revelations.
But he said "we intend to change" that, implying there could be further leaks.
Mr Greenwald was speaking on the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Lateline programme on Thursday night via videolink from Rio de Janeiro.
He said Australia was "one of the most aggressive countries that engage in mass surveillance as a member of the Five Eyes Partnership", a reference to the intelligence network established by Australia, US, UK, New Zealand and Canada.
"There are interesting documents about what Australia is doing to privacy rights - not just to their own citizens," he said, adding that he plans to release his reports "as soon as we can".
His comments came a month after whistleblower Edward Snowden criticised Australia's recently passed data retention laws at an Australian conference, where he spoke via videolink from Russia.
In March, Australia passed new laws compelling telecommunications companies to store customers' phone and computer metadata for up to two years. The government said this was aimed at combating terrorism.
Mr Snowden said he was planning to reveal more from documents taken from the US National Security Agency, including information on Australia's intelligence operations.
He said Australia's role in mass surveillance was similar to that of the UK.
"They'll collect everyone's communications, it's called pre-criminal investigation, which means they are watching everyone all the time," he said, adding that such information is also shared with other governments like the US and UK.
Mr Snowden, a former NSA contractor, exposed the extensive internet and phone surveillance being conducted by the US and the UK in 2013.
He passed NSA documents to Mr Greenwald and journalist Ewen Macaskill, who first broke the story in The Guardian.


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Question: A colliery, a crane and a building where the world's first £1m cheque was signed have been listed in a top 10 of the UK's most endangered buildings.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The Victorian Society's annual list of buildings at risk in England and Wales comes from public nominations.
The list pinpoints the 10 in most need of urgent help.
"Victorian and Edwardian architecture makes a huge contribution to the character of places people live in and love," said Chris Costelloe, director.
On the 2014 endangered list

The 1,410 metre-long (4,600ft) bridge is one of nine places being listed in a celebration of Hull's heritage.
Poet Philip Larkin's home at Pearson Park; the Tidal Surge Barrier; and a set of Edwardian-style toilets are among other sites to be recognised.
Historic England said: "Hull has a proud story told through its historic buildings and places."
Work on the Humber Bridge began in 1973 and it was opened by the Queen on 17 July, 1981.
It was the the longest single-span suspension bridge for 16 years and remains in the top 10 longest spans in the world.
Historic England described it as a "formidable engineering feat", which "despite its great size and strength has a simple elegance in harmony with the landscape".
Larkin's flat at 32 Pearson Park, where he lived for 18 years when he worked as Hull University librarian, has been given Grade II listed status.
He wrote some of his best-known works sitting in the front room of his flat overlooking the park.
Some, such as Toads Revisited, specifically reference the park; while High Windows, the title of his final collection, was inspired by his flat.
The Tidal Surge Barrier, which is also being Grade II listed, is a prominent landmark in the city where the River Hull meets the Humber.
It was built between 1977 and 1980 to safeguard the low-lying city from flooding from the estuary.
The Nelson Street public conveniences were deemed unusual when they opened in 1926, combining loos for men and women at a time when most public lavatories were for men only.
Behind the Edwardian-style exterior almost all of the the original fixtures and fittings survive. The building is to be listed at Grade II.
The other structures to be added to the list are:
Hull's Old Town was named as one Historic England's 10 Heritage Action Zones in March and is set to benefit from a share of Â£6m over the next five years.
Heritage minister John Glen said: "The great Philip Larkin wrote of the domes, statutes and spires that make Hull unique but it is also architectural triumphs like the Humber Bridge and Tidal Surge Barrier that have helped build the city's reputation.
"What better time than during its year as UK City of Culture to recognise and celebrate the historical and cultural landmarks which tell the story of Hull's illustrious heritage."


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story The provided query could be '['Represent text', 'Paul Casey has ruled himself out of the 2016 Ryder Cup by deciding not to rejoin the European Tour.']' and the positive '['Represent the next text:', 'Since giving up his membership last year to focus on the PGA Tour, the 38-year-old Englishman has climbed from 75th to 24th in the world rankings.\nCasey said staying in America was the "right decision for my family" but he was "very sad" he would not be able to qualify for Europe\'s Ryder Cup team.\nEurope captain Darren Clarke said Casey\'s decision was "disappointing".\nClarke can only select players who hold European Tour membership.\nFormer world number three Casey played in Europe\'s nine-point victories in 2004 and 2006, and their defeat at Valhalla in 2008.\nHe was left in tears when he was overlooked for a wildcard by Colin Montgomerie in 2010, when he was ranked seventh in the world.\nCasey said: "With my wife and young son as my priority, I have decided to continue to concentrate on the PGA Tour, which has worked well for us this past year.\n"I believe this decision will help me to be the best I can be both on and off the course."\nClarke, who played alongside Casey at Oakland Hills in 2004 and the K Club in 2006, said: "It is obvious that representing Europe in the Ryder Cup is not on Paul\'s priority list, which is disappointing, but I wish him all the best for the future.\n"The focus is firmly on the players who are committed to the European cause as we move towards Hazeltine and I look forward to working with these players over the next 10 months."\nThe 2016 Ryder Cup begins on 27 September.']' and the negative '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'US-based Knox, 30, has seen his ranking rise to 29 after winning the WGC-HSBC Champions tournament in Shanghai. He also just missed out on another victory at the OHL Classic in Mexico.\n"I am excited about taking up European Tour membership in 2016," said Knox.\n"I look forward to trying to make Darren Clarke\'s team for the Ryder Cup at Hazeltine."\nThis decision by Knox, originally from Inverness, was confirmed to BBC Scotland by his agent John Wiler, who added that Knox\'s breakthrough had just been "a matter of time".\nThe 2016 European Tour season begins on 26 November with the Alfred Dunhill Championship in South Africa, but Knox is not expected to make his first appearance until the Nedbank Golf Challenge event - also in South Africa - on 3 December.\nEuropean Tour chief executive Keith Pelley recently announced changes to membership regulations, with players now only required to compete in a minimum of five European Tour sanctioned tournaments outside the Major Championships and World Golf Championships.\nEurope won the 40th Ryder Cup in 2014 at Gleneagles and there will be nine automatic spots available in captain Clarke\'s 12-man team for the duel against USA on 30 September to 2 October 2016.\nBut Knox\'s WGC triumph in Shanghai cannot help him in the points race to secure one of those places, as he was not a European Tour member at the time of that victory.']'

Question: Manager Sam Allardyce says Sunderland showed the quality they will need in their relegation fight as they claimed a crucial point against Liverpool.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The Black Cats scored two goals in the final 10 minutes after trailing 2-0.
"The final-third quality that has been missing was there - if we get that then we win games," Allardyce said.
"We created far more chances against Manchester City than we did [against Liverpool] but today we showed the kind of finishing I was looking for."
The draw meant Sunderland have picked up eight points from their last six Premier League games, compared to just three points from the previous six.
Allardyce's side remain 19th in the table, four points from safety and with the worst defensive record in the league.
But the ex-West Ham manager remains optimistic after bolstering his squad in the January transfer window.
"Never ever say die. You've got to go until the end," he added. "I'm really pleased about the new guys coming in from abroad into the side,
"Hopefully they're going to drag the rest of the players along with them with their bit of extra quality."

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

However, the draw did extend Chelsea's lead at top of the Premier League to nine points.
Liverpool keeper Mignolet made up for his first-half embarrassment when he was beaten by David Luiz's superb free-kick from 25 yards.
Georginio Wijnaldum's close-range header in the second-half gave Liverpool a draw they fully deserved, ending a run of three home losses in a row.
However, it could have been much better for Chelsea and worse for Liverpool when Costa went to ground 14 minutes from the end.
Referee Mark Clattenburg pointed to the spot but Mignolet dived low to his right to save the Spain striker's spot-kick.
Arsenal 1-2 Watford: Arsenal's Premier League title hopes suffered a huge blow with a shock home defeat as Watford secured their first top-flight win over the Gunners since 1988.
Bournemouth 0-2 Crystal Palace: Crystal Palace finally earned a Premier League victory under Sam Allardyce as goals by Scott Dann and Christian Benteke secured the points against Bournemouth away at a rain-swept Vitality Stadium.
Burnley 1-0 Leicester City: Burnley secured their fifth home Premier League win in a row with victory over Leicester at Turf Moor, thanks to Sam Vokes' late goal.
Middlesbrough 1-1 West Bromwich Albion: Middlesbrough came back from a goal down but were left frustrated as a hard-working West Brom claimed a point at the Riverside Stadium.
Swansea City 2-1 Southampton: Swansea boosted their Premier League survival hopes and secured back-to-back wins for the first time this season with a spirited victory over Southampton.
Sunderland 0-0 Tottenham: Title-chasing Tottenham had to settle for a point at the Stadium of Light as Sunderland climbed off the bottom of the table with a hard-fought draw.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The junior doctor contract will be imposed on medics in England, following the profession's rejection of the terms, ministers have confirmed.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The decision was widely expected, after British Medical Association members voted 58% to 42% against accepting the deal, agreed by government and union negotiators in May.
The BMA had urged them to accept it.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said doctors would start moving on to the contract in the coming months.
Most of the profession should be on it by autumn next year, he added.
It comes after the dispute has led to junior doctors taking part in six strikes this year, including the first all-out stoppages in the history of the NHS.
The BMA has yet to respond to the announcement. Its junior doctor leader, Dr Johann Malawana, resigned when the result of the vote was announced on Tuesday.
He had told BMA members the deal was a good one that should be accepted, during meetings ahead of the poll of 54,000 junior doctors and medical students.
The BMA still has a mandate to take strike action, but it will be up to a new junior doctor leader to decide what the next steps are.
Ahead of the result of the vote being announced, senior sources at the BMA had indicated there was little appetite for prolonging the dispute, given the climate in the country following the EU vote.
Speaking in the House of Commons on Wednesday, Mr Hunt said it had been a "difficult decision" but he had been left with no choice, especially given the uncertainty facing the country.
"We've been left in no man's land that if it continues can only damage the NHS," he said.
The vote of BMA members was held after talks at conciliation services Acas two months ago finally resulted in a deal being agreed by negotiators.
The terms agreed differed significantly from the previous government offer, which ministers had announced in February they would impose, before agreeing to those last-minute talks in May.
Instead of dividing the weekend between normal and unsocial hours, a system of supplements to be paid depending on how many weekends a doctor worked over the course of a year was drawn up. This is the contract that will be introduced.
But despite the union's agreement, many members remained unconvinced, believing it still did not properly reward them for the demands of the job, while they remained sceptical that the government's plans for a seven-day service would be properly funded.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said he was willing to go to the conciliation service after initially refusing when the strike ballot results were revealed last week.
He said the industrial action, due to start next week, should be cancelled to "avoid harming vulnerable patients".
But the British Medical Association said the strikes would take place.
The first day of action is Tuesday, starting at 08:00 and lasting 24 hours.
Acas is an independent body that can help parties - normally an employer and unions - resolve employment disputes.
There are several services offered, including arbitration where Acas is asked to make a decision in the dispute.
But the two sides involved here have been talking about conciliation, which means Acas is just being asked to host the talks rather than make binding recommendations.
In a letter to BMA leader Dr Mark Porter, Mr Hunt said it was time to "work together" in the long-running dispute over the new junior doctors contract.
He said he was "disappointed" that the BMA had refused to agree to the offer he had put forward, adding: "The extreme strike action planned in December poses a serious threat to that safety."
But the letter does not make any mention of dropping his threat to impose the contract from next summer - a key sticking point for the BMA.
That has prompted the union to refuse to call off the strike.
Dr Porter said: "We hope to start these talks as soon as possible in order to reach a collaborative agreement for the benefit of patients and the NHS.
"Importantly, Jeremy Hunt must finally remove his threat of imposition in order to defer Tuesday's industrial action."
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Question: Two goals from Bjorn Johnsen set Hearts on the way to a convincing win over Motherwell.

The American striker rounded goalkeeper Craig Samson from Arnaud Djoum's through ball after half an hour.
Johnsen had another chopped off before heading the second from a Robbie Muirhead free-kick.
Djoum was the creator again as Jamie Walker fired the third to seal a victory that lifts Hearts to within a point of third-placed Aberdeen.
Hearts had gone into the game without a win in their last four games, but a fine display should ease any mounting fan pressure on head coach Robbie Neilson.
When Johnsen arrived at Tynecastle in the summer, not too many fans knew anything about the USA-born striker.
At 6ft 6in, he certainly is an imposing character, but up until now he had failed to set the heather on fire.
But the combination of the 24-year-old alongside Djoum certainly clicked against Motherwell.
It was Djoum's inch-perfect pass just after the half-hour mark into the path of Johnsen that allowed him to round the goalkeeper and roll the ball into the empty net.
Only the flag of standside assistant referee Alastair Mather denied Johnsen a second before the break - Djoum again providing the cross into the box.
Number two for Johnsen came shortly after half-time. Muirhead floated a corner into the box and Johnsen rose unchallenged to send a header into the net.
Walker has been in the Hearts set-up from a very young age, but his progress has stuttered due a number of serious injuries.
However, when fit and available, the winger can certainly turn on the style.
The pace of the 23-year-old caused problems for the Motherwell defence all afternoon and, when slipped through on goal by the impressive Djoum, Walker fired the ball low into the bottom corner to secure all three points for the home side.
Mark McGhee's side had arrived in the capital after victory over Partick Thistle had taken them into the top six.
However, when the Fir Park side found their way to goal, they encountered a Hearts defence who were determined to keep a clean sheet.
Scott MacDonald and Ben Heneghan were both denied by goal-line clearances by Faycal Rherras.
John Souttar also came to Hearts' rescue when it looked as if the Lanarkshire side would get themselves back into the game.
A change in formation from a back three to the more traditional back four helped in the second half, but it was too late to save a point for the Steelmen.
Hearts head coach Robbie Neilson: "I thought we started really well with good energy. We passed the ball well and quickly and it was a pleasing performance all round. We get the first goal and we think we have a second that gets chalked off and that was disappointing but we score and kill the game off.
"Arnaud Djoum is a top player and we had him linking with Johnsen. I thought Robbie Muirhead did really well out on the left. He gave us that balance that we have been looking for. I thought we also defended well apart from set plays but we managed to see them out."
(On the game against Rangers on Wednesday) "It's going to be a fantastic day for everyone. Tynecastle under lights is a different ball game altogether. It's going to be a full house, it's going to be rocking. It's important that we prepare now for Wednesday, play well and have a right good go at them."
Motherwell manager Mark McGhee: "We were well beaten. We had chances cleared off the line but that's pretty irrelevant. They were more aggressive than us, passed the ball better, had more quality in possession. They carved out chances better than us.
"It was a difficult day for us. We have to do better than that. They had worked hard against the shape we had and we surrendered the first half to them.
"We changed it at half-time but that is the most disappointing thing because I think the shape was then fine, but to lose the second goal from a set piece was particularly disappointing. We have a couple of big centre-halves and we expected someone to head it but we lost the goal direct from the corner which in effect ended the game."
Match ends, Heart of Midlothian 3, Motherwell 0.
Second Half ends, Heart of Midlothian 3, Motherwell 0.
Steven Hammell (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Conor Sammon (Heart of Midlothian).
Attempt blocked. Louis Moult (Motherwell) right footed shot from very close range is blocked.
Corner,  Motherwell. Conceded by John Souttar.
Foul by Rory Currie (Heart of Midlothian).
Stephen McManus (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt blocked. Scott McDonald (Motherwell) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Igor Rossi (Heart of Midlothian) left footed shot from the centre of the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Heart of Midlothian. Conceded by Craig Samson.
Attempt saved. Conor Sammon (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Scott McDonald (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Arnaud Djoum (Heart of Midlothian).
Attempt missed. Stephen McManus (Motherwell) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left following a corner.
Corner,  Motherwell. Conceded by Faycal Rherras.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Rory Currie replaces Don Cowie.
Attempt missed. Conor Sammon (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Corner,  Motherwell. Conceded by Liam Smith.
Corner,  Motherwell. Conceded by Igor Rossi.
Substitution, Heart of Midlothian. Conor Sammon replaces Bjorn Johnsen.
Don Cowie (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Craig Clay (Motherwell).
Goal!  Heart of Midlothian 3, Motherwell 0. Jamie Walker (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from the right side of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Don Cowie.
Foul by Perry Kitchen (Heart of Midlothian).
Keith Lasley (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Motherwell. Jake Hastie replaces Chris Cadden.
Attempt missed. Lionel Ainsworth (Motherwell) right footed shot from outside the box is close, but misses to the right.
Attempt saved. Robbie Muirhead (Heart of Midlothian) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Igor Rossi (Heart of Midlothian) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Louis Moult (Motherwell).
Foul by Robbie Muirhead (Heart of Midlothian).
Lionel Ainsworth (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Faycal Rherras (Heart of Midlothian).
Louis Moult (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by John Souttar (Heart of Midlothian).
Chris Cadden (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Bjorn Johnsen (Heart of Midlothian).
Keith Lasley (Motherwell) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Scott McDonald (Motherwell) right footed shot from the centre of the box is too high.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The English striker scored three goals in four league games last month, with 16 goals in all competitions since arriving from Barnsley in the summer.
Hemmings was on target in the 2-1 derby win over Dundee United, the 4-2 win over Partick Thistle and scored two in the 3-1 Scottish Cup win over Falkirk.
Dundee can go fifth in the league with victory over St Johnstone on Friday.


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Question: The Supreme Court has ruled in favour of HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) in its fight with Rangers over the club's use of Employee Benefit Trusts (EBTs).

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

Is this the end of the legal struggle and what are the ramifications of the judgement?
EBT stands for Employee Benefit Trust and, in this case, it refers to a scheme that was widely used by large companies in a bid to avoid tax liabilities. Companies would set up trusts and make cash payments from these trusts in the form of tax-free loans to employees or beneficiaries - thus avoiding the need to pay tax. In many cases the loans were never repaid. Legislation has since been passed outlawing the use of the scheme for tax avoidance purposes.
Payments from an EBT are not allowed to be made on a contractual basis but HMRC insist the loans made by the club between 2001 and 2010 were actually employee earnings that should be subject to the normal National Insurance and PAYE contributions. They point to emails and letters between Rangers directors and players' agents and to the fact that none of loans have ever been paid back.
Players, managers and even directors received EBTs at Rangers. Stars such as Barry Ferguson and Lorenzo Amoruso benefited from the scheme as did managers Alex McLeish, Dick Advocaat and Graeme Souness. Former owner Sir David Murray was also in receipts of an EBT. Over 80 members of Rangers staff received payments this way.
The loans paid to each member of staff differed but a total of over £47m was paid out from the trusts in the years the scheme was in operation.
There will undoubtedly be calls for the football authorities to act following this judgement. A Scottish Premier League investigation headed by Lord Nimmo Smith found Rangers guilty of not registering players properly and the company was fined in 2013. Nimmo Smith's judgement was made at a time when the EBT scheme was deemed acceptable by a tax tribunal and he resisted calls for the club to be stripped of honours won during the years the scheme was in operation, saying "Rangers FC did not gain any unfair competitive advantage from the contraventions of the SPL Rules..."
It's unlikely the football authorities will have much appetite to sanction another investigation but that won't stop some calling for just that.
A spokesman said the Scottish Premier Football League will "take time to examine the judgement in detail and to consider any implications..."
Celtic are the only other Scottish club to have used the EBT scheme. They paid the Brazilian midfielder Juninho from a trust in 2005 but have since settled with HMRC. A number of clubs in England also operated the scheme and some have already settled with HMRC.
The case was first heard by a First Tier Tax Tribunal in 2012. The tribunal found in Rangers' favour but HMRC appealed. In 2014 that appeal was thrown out by an Upper Tier Tribunal. HMRC then appealed to the court of session in Edinburgh and three judges found in the Revenue's favour. Since the dispute started Rangers were forced into administration and liquidation. In a bid to avoid a tax bill, the club's liquidators BDO decided to fight that ruling and took their appeal to the Supreme Court.
The outcome is expected to have no material or financial impact on Rangers as the club is now owned by a different company.
The company is liable for the tax but given the company is in liquidation then the buck stops with the liquidators - in this case BDO. This doesn't mean that individuals who were in receipt of an EBT escape payment. Legislation is expected in the next few months that will require tax to be paid on all loans received through the EBT process from 1999 onwards.
The Supreme Court is the highest court in the land and their decision brings the matter to a close. Rangers oldco liquidators have admitted as much in a statement.
"Given the significance of the matter and the support and direction received from creditors and the liquidation committee, we believe taking the case to the Supreme Court has been the correct course of action," said BDO. "We will now engage with HMRC on adjudicating its claim. Further advice and guidance will be provided to creditors in due course."

1st Land Ltd, set up to redevelop Northampton Town's Sixfields stadium, had been passed £7.25m of a £10.25m loan from Northampton Borough Council.
The redevelopment remains unfinished and 1st Land is in liquidation.
Owner Howard Grossman said the VAT repayments were "all legitimate".
Mr Grossman did not elaborate on how 1st Land qualified for the repayments, but said they were all "in accordance with HMRC (Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs) rules".
Northampton Town was lent the money in 2013 and 2014 and the initial plan was to refurbish parts of Sixfields and land adjacent to the ground - including a new stand, hotel and conference centre.
None of the work was completed and a criminal inquiry is under way into "alleged financial irregularities" surrounding the loan.
Subsequently, the VAT repayments to 1st Land Ltd have emerged.
When a firm has charged customers less VAT than the tax paid out on purchases of goods or services, HMRC will repay the difference.
Bank account statements seen by the BBC show 1st Land received six VAT repayments from HMRC worth £943,579 in the 15 months before it went into administration in January 2015.
However, a list of supplier payments made by 1st Land that year and in 2013, which were also obtained by the BBC, indicates expenditure totalling £2.3m.
Among those payments were two invoices totalling almost £69,000 submitted by the main contractor on the stadium project, Buckingham Group, in 2014, however the VAT components of these invoices weren't paid.
Three other invoices submitted by Buckingham Group in August and September that year, totalling £1.75m including VAT, remain wholly unpaid.
According to Monty Jivraj, a tax expert at Neumans LLP, HMRC would have looked at 1st Land's paperwork prior to making the repayments.
"If a company was to file a VAT repayment claim of, let's say £900,000 or £1m, HMRC would have a legal obligation to send VAT compliance officers to check the documents, such as invoices, VAT accounts and bank statements to check whether the company is legally entitled," he said.
HMRC said it could not comment about the affairs of individual companies.
Last week, Northampton Borough Council apologised after an audit report from PricewaterhouseCoopers (PwC) identified a string of failures surrounding the way the loan was approved.
Loans and repayments
Amount of Northampton Borough Council loan to Northampton Town FC forwarded to 1st Land Ltd (Dec 2013-July 2014): £7.25m
HMRC VAT repayments to 1st Land Ltd (Feb-Sept 2014): £943,579
Amount remaining in 1st Land's bank accounts, Jan 2015: Barclays -£1,019; Lloyds £41.15
Amount owed to biggest creditor, Buckingham Group Contracting: £2.07m


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Question: A fire that tore through a house killing two men in Suffolk was caused by a toaster, according to the fire service.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The blaze broke out at the house in Stanley Street, Lowestoft, just after 01:00 BST on Monday.
The victims have been named locally as Andrew McInnes, 60 and William Cooper, 62. One was found in the hallway - and the other was in a bedroom upstairs.
Suffolk Police said the fire was not being treated as suspicious.
Firefighters had to force their way through the front of the house because of the extent of the fire at the back, Suffolk Fire and Rescue Service area commander Ian Bowell said.
"When the crews arrived there was quite a serious fire coming from the rear of the property.
"The fire investigation team has been working with the police all day. We do believe the cause of the fire was an electric toaster."
He described the incident as "absolutely tragic".
Neighbour Brenda Durrant said one of the occupants was a wheelchair user and the house was "full of cardboard boxes".
Another neighbour Christine Bates, who knew the men, said: "It was an accident waiting to happen. There was no order in the home with a lot of rubbish piled up."
Cdr Bowell confirmed there was a "lot of stuff in and around most of the rooms and access for crews was quite difficult."

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

She was found in a burning first-floor bedroom in Brynards Hill in Royal Wootton Bassett but could not be saved.
Police have not released her name yet, though a man, believed to be her husband, escaped the fire and was treated for smoke inhalation.
The fire is thought to have started accidentally in the early hours and an investigation is ongoing into the exact cause.


Question:
this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article
The query could be '['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Premiership side Bath have agreed a deal to sign Japan number eight Amanaki Mafi on a short-term contract.']' and should be close to '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'The 25-year-old will join from NTT Shining Arcs at the end of January when the Japanese campaign has concluded.\nMafi, who featured four times for Japan at the World Cup this year, will remain at Bath until the end of the season.\n"Amanaki is a talented young player who had a great World Cup, and we\'re excited to see what he can do in a Bath jersey," said head coach Mike Ford.\n"We have some very good players in our back row already but we\'re always looking to strengthen the squad. Amanaki will give us another option in a hugely competitive position."']' but very far from '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The 30-year-old, who had a spell with Bath between 2006 and 2010, has made seven appearances this season.\nDirector of rugby Todd Blackadder said: "We\'re really pleased to have been able to bring someone who has as much experience as Chris in."\nMeanwhile, front-rower Shaun Knight and hooker Michael van Vuuren have extended their stays at The Rec.\nKnight, 27, joined Bath on loan from Newport Gwent Dragons in September and will now remain with the club until the end of next season.\nVan Vuuren, 25, joined from Leicester in 2016 and has signed a new two-year deal.']'

Question: Eight-time winner Rafael Nadal recovered from a set down to beat Britain's Andy Murray to reach the Monte Carlo Masters final.

Murray broke twice to take the opening set 6-2, but wilted under the Spaniard's power and accuracy to lose the next two 6-4 6-2.
The win was Nadal's seventh over Murray in eight meetings on clay and puts him into his 100th ATP World Tour final.
He faces Jo-Wilfried Tsonga or fellow Frenchman Gael Monfils in the final.
Murray beat Nadal for the first time on clay in last year's Madrid Masters final, but his hopes of being only the third player to earn back-to-back victories over the world number five on the surface were dashed in a brutal two-and-a-half-hour encounter.
It was a match high on quality but also rancour, with both players being irked by some controversial umpiring decisions.
The match began bizarrely when Murray won the coin toss, but umpire Damien Dumusois of France asked Nadal if he wanted to serve.
Nadal pointed out the umpire's error, but Murray graciously asked for it to be re-done, and he won that, too. This time he was asked his preference and elected to serve.
Murray was irked throughout by a lack of action from the umpire over Nadal continually breaking the 25-second rule between serves. The Spaniard was averaging 31 seconds, allowing him more time to recover.
The Scot's patience was further tested midway through the third set when Nadal delayed his serve by claiming he had something in his eye. At the next changeover, the umpire asked Nadal if he wanted more medical attention.
Murray felt Nadal was getting preferential treatment and, after dropping his serve, hit the ball towards the umpire's chair in frustration, prompting Dumusois to say "you have zero respect for what I do". Murray responded by telling the umpire he didn't know what he was talking about.
The Scot had begun in carefree fashion and played faultless tennis in a blistering opening set, with his opponent having no answer to his accurate serving and punishing ground strokes.
He won the majority of long rallies and regularly using the drop shot to drag the Spaniard around the court.
Nadal could not keep pace with Murray's physical intensity and earned a rebuke from the umpire when his entourage appeared to offer some courtside coaching.
Murray broke to lead 4-2 and then again on Nadal's next service game to take the set 6-2.
The Spaniard regrouped, however, and broke Murray in the opening game of the second set only for the Scot to break back immediately.
Both players were on their limit but it was Murray who was to crack first as his serve, which had been commanding in the first set, began to falter under increasing pressure.
Nadal drove him further and further to the back of the court with punishing backhands and broke decisively at 5-3 before levelling the match.
Murray's resistance was now broken and he began to lose focus. He dropped his serve twice to trail 4-1 in the third, and although he fought to the end he couldn't knock Nadal out of his stride and the Spaniard took the match on his fifth match point.
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The Briton was beaten 6-7 (7-5) 6-3 6-4 in what was the second semi-final of his career.
The world number 45 won the first-set tie-break but Harrison took the next two sets, winning eight of the final nine points to wrap up victory.
He will meet three-time Atlanta champion and fellow American John Isner in Sunday's final.


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Question: A Police Ombudsman investigation has backed claims by the family of a Catholic man that his death 18 years ago was the result of an assault by RUC officers.

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Police officers who may have information about the incident have been urged to come forward.
John Hemsworth ,39, told his wife he was assaulted in the Springfield Road in west Belfast in the early hours of Monday 7 July 1997.
He died six months later.
Two police investigations were unable to establish if police officers had been responsible for the injuries that led to his death.
Five years ago an inquest concluded "it was highly probable" that one or more RUC officers were responsible for injuries to Mr Hemsworth, which were likely to have played a part in his death.
The inquest heard expert evidence which described his injuries as being consistent with having been struck by a cylindrical object similar to a police baton.
A report by the Police Ombudsman says new evidence confirms that John Hemsworth was assaulted by police officers.
"Our findings are that police officers were involved that night, that he received extensive injuries as a consequence of that interaction with police officers and so, yes, ostensibly this was an example of police brutality unfortunately," said Adrian McAllister, chief executive of the office of the Police Ombudsman.
The assault took place in the Springfield Road area of west Belfast following a night of trouble.
The local police station had come under repeated attack from rioters during widespread trouble across Northern Ireland linked to the Orange Order parade stand-off at Drumcree in Portadown.
Mr Hemsworth was not involved in any of the trouble and had been walking through the area on his way home after a night out.
He alleged that as he was assaulted in Malcolmson Street, a minor road off the Springfield Road. He was later treated in hospital for a broken jaw.
His account of what happened has now been accepted by the Ombudsman.
"The medical evidence is that the injuries sustained by Mr Hemsworth were the sole underling cause of his death in 1998," his report states.
"Further, the available evidence leads me to conclude that those injuries were sustained as a consequence of Mr Hemsworth being assaulted by police officers."
"What I would say to the RUC officers who were present is, 'Let this be on your conscience, you know what happened.'
"Unfortunately the passage of 18 years, being able to get the precise truth becomes, more and more, less likely. We have no ultimate justice."
The report expresses concern that none of the 16 officers on duty in the area where the assault took place was able to recall any details of the incident.
Mr McAllister has urged former or current police officers with information about what happened to come forward.
"Whether we talk about modern policing or policing 20 years ago, honesty and integrity goes to the heart of policing, and I'm satisfied that some officers were involved in that assault that night and that some officers know what went on," he said.
"I would appeal to them once again to come forward and talk to this office, albeit that it's twenty years later, and tell us what happened."
The PSNI said it is a matter of deep regret that police officers who may have been involved in the assault have not been held to account.
Deputy Chief Constable Drew Harris appealed to anyone with information about the incident to contact the Ombudsman.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Paratrooper Sgt Allan McVitie, who has since died, fired two shots that killed Henry Thornton outside the Springfield Road police station.
The 29-year-old victim's van had backfired and the soldier thought it was an attack.
Coroner Brian Sherrard had previously found the killing was "not necessary, reasonable or proportionate".
On Wednesday he lifted an anonymity order that had prevented Mr McVitie's identity being revealed to Belfast Coroner's Court.
He said the paratrooper ran after the van with the "honestly held belief" that shots had been fired at the police station.
But he said the soldier's decision to open fire was not justified and, even if the occupants had been armed there were non-fatal options open to Sgt McVitie.
Mr Thornton was an unarmed civilian who had no connection to any paramilitary group.
In 2012, the government wrote a letter of apology to Mr Thornton widow, Mary, confirming that her husband had been an "innocent man".
There was sustained rioting in west Belfast following his death.
The killings of 10 people who were shot dead by the army, in a period later known by the victims' families as the Ballymurphy Massacre, began two days later.


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Question: An unbeaten 73 from Paul Collingwood helped Durham beat Nottinghamshire by four wickets in the One-Day Cup.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Jake Ball (2-53) reduced Durham to 8-2 before career-best one-day scores from Graham Clark (92) and Cameron Steel (77) rebuilt the visitors' innings.
Collingwood hit a six and eight fours in his 47-ball innings to see Durham home with five balls to spare on 299-6.
Earlier, Alex Hales made 104 but Notts lost their last five wickets in 10 balls to be dismissed for 297.
Samit Patel - in his benefit game at Trent Bridge - made 28 before Hales, who passed 5,000 one-day runs, accelerated the innings and hit three sixes but holed out to Ryan Pringle off James Weighell (3-66), while Chris Read (61) and Billy Root (66) put on 101 for the sixth wicket.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Durham came back strongly as Paul Coughlin (2-53) and Mark Wood (3-62) both took two wickets in two balls as Notts were restricted to under 300 after being 288-5.
The visitors then recovered from a shaky start thanks to Clark and Steel who put on 160 for the third wicket, but both were dismissed in the space of four balls.
Wicketkeeper Read took his 257th one-day catch to dismiss Ryan Pringle to equal Bruce French's record for Notts, but ex-England one-day skipper Collingwood kept his cool and hit Harry Gurney to the boundary to score the winning runs from the first ball of the final over.
Despite being deducted two points at the start of the season, Durham move up to second in the North Group table, while Notts are fourth with three wins from six matches.

Harte, 24, impressed for the county's second XI against Northants last week, scoring 183 off 218 balls as opener.
He can bat anywhere in the top-order, but may replace opener Stephen Cook, who will miss the next two games training with South Africa.
The former MCC Young Cricketer has previously played second XI cricket for Kent, Sussex, Middlesex and Somerset.
Harte, who holds a UK passport, could make his debut in Durham's One-Day Cup match against Nottinghamshire on Thursday.
Durham are fourth in the One-Day Cup North Group, with three wins from five games.


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Question: The British Museum was the UK's most popular visitor attraction in 2012 - the sixth year running it has been so.

The Association of Leading Visitor Attractions (Alva) said the London venue attracted 5.6 million visitors.
Artist Damien Hirst's retrospective contributed to a 9% rise in Tate Modern visitors, which had 5.3 million.
Despite bad weather and the Olympics, there was an overall 5.1% increase in visitors at all UK attractions, from 87.7 million in 2011 to 92.1 million.
Visitors were briefly deterred from central London during the games, but Alva director Bernard Donohue called the recovery "almost immediate".
At the British Museum, the exhibition curated by Turner Prize-winning artist Grayson Perry, which explored the depths of the museum and showed 170 objects alongside 30 of his own creations, was in part responsible for helping it continue its reign as the most popular visitor attraction.
However its 5.6 million visitor figure was a 4.7% drop year-on-year.
Tate Modern on London's South Bank moved up a place to second position with 5.3 million visitors - a 9% rise from 2011.
1. British Museum - 5,575,946
2. Tate Modern - 5,318,688
3. National Gallery - 5,163,902
4. Natural History Museum - 5,021,762
5. V&A - 3,231,700
Source: Association of Leading Visitor Attractions
The Victoria & Albert Museum had its best year on record, with a 16% rise to 3.2 million visitors, thanks to its Hollywood Costume exhibitions in Autumn 2012.
While The National Portrait Gallery's Lucian Freud Portraits exhibit helped moved it up one place to eighth position and saw an increase of 12%, with 2.1 million visitors.
Although the Olympic and Paralympic Games affected visitor numbers in Central London for a brief period, it was the weather that had the biggest impact in 2012.
Of the 30 attractions which saw more than a 10% drop in numbers, 27 were gardens or outdoor attractions.
Kelvingrove Art Gallery & Museum in Glasgow achieved a 5.8% increase with around one million visitors, making it the most visited combined art gallery and museum.
One of the largest rises year-on-year (53%) was seen by the new Museum of Liverpool, which opened in July 2011 and was the most visited museum in England, outside of London.
Other galleries in Liverpool - the Walker Art Gallery and the Tate - also saw increases.
"We are delighted with the visitor figures," said Mr Donohue.
He added: "This year, 2013 looks like it is going to be a promising year for Alva members. The Old Royal Naval College in Greenwich is likely to see a marked increase in visitors because of its role as a backdrop in the hugely popular and award-winning film Les Miserables."
Openings in 2013 include a Â£35m heritage project to build a museum to house Henry VIII's warship, the Mary Rose, in Portsmouth.
Kenwood House, Robert Adam's 18th Century masterpiece and home to an extensive art collection, will also re-open in November after being closed for 20 months due to repair work and refurbishments.

Figures from the Association of Scottish Visitor Attractions (ASVA) have shown that, in total, 1.81 million people visited the Edinburgh museum - a 15.5% rise on the previous year.
Edinburgh Castle welcomed 1.77 million people, up 13.4% on 2015.
Visits across Scotland rose for the third year running in 2016.
Almost 30 million visits were made to 249 of the ASVA members' sites in Scotland last year - a rise of 6% on 2015 figures.
The National Museum of Scotland opened 10 new galleries in July 2016.
Director Dr Gordon Rintoul said: "I am delighted that the latest ASVA visitor figures have confirmed the National Museum of Scotland's place as the most popular visitor attraction in Scotland.
"In addition, we recorded the highest-ever visitor numbers across all our sites with nearly 2.7 million visits."
1 National Museum of Scotland (free), Edinburgh  - 1,810,948 visitors
2 Edinburgh Castle (paid) - 1,778,548 visitors
3 Scottish National Gallery (free), Edinburgh - 1,544,069 visitors
4 Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum (free), Glasgow - 1,259,318
5 Riverside Museum (free), Glasgow - 1,259,042
6 St Giles' Cathedral (free), Edinburgh - 1,171,793
7 Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh (free) - 857,268
8 Gretna Green (free) - 794,543
9 National War Museum (free), Edinburgh - 678,982
10 Gallery of Modern Art (free), Glasgow - 646,567
Four other sites welcomed more than one million visitors each, with Kelvingrove Art Gallery and Museum and the Riverside Museum, both in Glasgow, attracting more than 1.25 million people each.
The Scottish National Gallery and St Giles' Cathedral, both in Edinburgh, drew 1.54 million and 1.17 million visitors respectively.
Eleven of the top 20 attractions were located in the capital, compared with nine in 2015.
Sites outside the top 20 were also successful in attracting more visitors.
The Black Watch Castle & Museum in Perth and Kinross saw a 1,248% rise in numbers, largely on the back of "Weeping Window", a sculpture featuring thousands of handmade ceramic poppies commemorating those who died in World War One.
Last year, 195,301 people visited the museum, up from 14,483 visitors in 2015.
In the Highlands, interest generated by the Outlander TV series helped boost visitor numbers at the Culloden Battlefield Visitor Centre, which rose 21% from 115,923 in 2015 to 139,691 last year.
Culture Secretary Fiona Hyslop said: "It is fantastic that Scottish visitor attractions recorded another successful year in 2016, with almost 30 million visits to some of Scotland's most popular and iconic tourist sites.
"I commend the sterling work of ASVA in creating quality visitor experiences and building Scotland's reputation as a top tourist destination for visitors from around the world."
ASVA chairman Douglas Walker said the figures demonstrated that the visitor attractions sector in Scotland was in "robust health".


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Question: Munster scrapped to a hard-fought 10-9 victory over Edinburgh to move top of the Pro12 table.

In the first league match of the season at Myreside - Edinburgh's new home - Ronan O'Mahony scored the only try.
A trio of Jason Tovey penalties nudged the hosts ahead at the break, with Munster's Duncan Williams sin-binned.
But in a turgid second period, Tyler Bleyendaal's penalty was the only score, with Blair Kinghorn's last-gasp effort dropping short from 51 metres.
The cold and rain made for a rough night at Myreside but the error mountain from both sides was Everestian in its scale. Lost line-outs, kicks out on the full, spillages, a desperate lack of control and - in the conditions and with the absence of so many Test players - an awful shortage of quality.
Sitting 10th in the Pro12 table and going up against a Munster team shorn of 11 of their first-choice side, this was a big chance for Edinburgh to get a much-needed win. They went ahead with a Tovey penalty, from a scrum infringement, but then fell behind after sustained pressure from Munster saw Bleyendaal find O'Mahony with an inside pass.
The Munster wing ran in to score, Bleyendaal converted and the visitors had a 7-5 lead.
Munster scrum-half, Williams, got binned for a deliberate knock-on 25 minutes into the opening half and while he was away Tovey put over two kicks to bring it to 9-7. The second of those was from another scrum penalty. Dave Kilcoyne came off the bench and into the Munster front-row at that point. That, more or less, fixed their problem.
What little threat existed in the game came from Munster. They worked good field positions but couldn't make it pay. The only thing that was coherent about Edinburgh was their defence. Everything else about them was passive. They lacked fire, accuracy and any kind of control.
The mistakes came in great waves. Edinburgh lost line-outs in eight minutes at the beginning of the half, then made a change at hooker and promptly lost another.
Munster were back in front by then, Bleyendaal knocking over a penalty. Tovey then boomed the restart straight into touch. It was grim stuff. Edinburgh made Munster's life a whole lot easier by repeatedly shooting themselves in the foot.
It was the kind of night when Edinburgh's supposed heavy artillery up front needed to win the battle. They didn't. They lacked grunt, intensity and, for far too long, work-rate. John Hardie was one of the principal exceptions. He put in a big shift.
Even still, they had a penalty chance at the death to win it, albeit a Hail Mary. Blair Kinghorn's 51m penalty dropped short and Munster had sickened Scottish opposition again. This was Edinburgh's ninth loss of the Pro12 season. The stuff of also-rans.
Edinburgh acting head coach Duncan Hodge: "It's a game we've had chances to win and really, we've slit our own throats in terms of some of the turnovers we gave them and then just a simple three points with about 12 minutes to go. The way they play, it was always going to be a big ask to get back from that.
"Our error rate, a few line-outs lost, some scrums, we managed to get the ball back and had some momentum at the beginning of the second half and then gave it away too cheaply. We struggled to get into their half, that was the biggest thing, some of our exits and execution there killed us.
"Aspects of our game tonight were good, I think we were just naïve when it came to finishing out the game."
Edinburgh: Kinghorn, Hoyland, Dean, Burleigh, Brown, Tovey, Kennedy; Cosgrove, Cochrane (capt), McCallum, McKenzie, Toolis, Bradbury, Hardie, Du Preez.
Replacements: McInally, Appiah, Beavon, Carmichael, Mata, Hidalgo-Clyne, Allen, Scholes.
Munster: Taute, Nash, Saili, Goggin, O'Mahony, Bleyendaal (capt), Williams; McCabe, Marshall, Archer, Kleyn, Foley, O'Callaghan, Oliver, O'Donoghue.
Replacements: O'Byrne, Kilcoyne, Scott, O'Shea, Holland, O'Donnell, Lloyd, Scannell.

Bowe, 32, played in the first half of the game in Naas and came through unscathed before being replaced at half-time as had been the plan.
The Lions star had been out since sustaining a knee injury in Ireland's World Cup defeat by Argentina.
Bowe suffered posterior cruciate ligament and meniscal damage.
His return is a timely boost as the Belfast club attempt to secure a place in the Pro12 play-offs.
Les Kiss's men are currently fifth in the standings and have three matches left, against Zebre, Leinster and Ospreys.
Darren Cave captained the Ulster A team as they earned a 38-31 win in Thursday's game.


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Question: A free-runner died of "catastrophic" head injuries after he stuck his head out of a Paris Metro to take a selfie.

An inquest heard Nye "Frankie" Newman, 17, from Aldershot, Hampshire, travelled with his girlfriend and a group of friends to the French capital.
They were on a train to the Eiffel Tower for the New Year's Eve fireworks when Nye climbed up between two carriages and was struck by an object.
Coroner Andrew Bradley recorded a verdict of accidental death.
Basingstoke Coroner's Court heard Nye had climbed up after a French boy called Nino, 15, who they were staying with, undid the lock for the carriages with a skeleton key.
Nye, whose full name was Aneuryn Francis Newman, was struck when he popped his head up for a moment, Mr Bradley told the court.
Friend Joel Alvey-Taylor said the group had drunk vodka and orange drinks earlier but did not think Nye was drunk.
He said: "I saw Nye was messing about, I saw him going out of the carriageway, we were all telling him to get back down but he didn't."
Nye's mother, Deborah Newman, had last communicated with her son earlier that day when she sent him a Facebook message saying: "I love you and be careful."
He replied he was "having a great time".
She said that Nye's girlfriend, Nicole Tunnell later called her and was hysterical as she told her Nye had been hurt.
Mrs Newman travelled to Paris the next day to find Nye was being kept alive by a life support machine. Doctors said he would not survive and the machine was switched off.
Nye worked as a coach for the sport of free running, which is running and acrobatics in an urban environment.
Mr Bradley said Nye died of head injuries and added: "It's desperate, he died doing what he wanted to do, as difficult as it is, he was a happier boy for having done it."
In a statement Nye's family said: "We are heartbroken by the loss of our beloved son, grandson, brother, cousin and nephew.
"Nye's was an extraordinary young life which touched so many."

Tom Stilwell fell from his neighbour's balcony in his apartment block in Auckland at 02:00 local time on Sunday (14:00 GMT on Saturday), reports said.
He was trying to lower himself onto his balcony, which was directly below his neighbour's, when he fell, police said.
His friends said that he had bone fractures and internal injuries, but was "fine" and "a very lucky man".
He was awake and laughing on Monday, but had no recollection of what happened, his friends told New Zealand newsgroup Fairfax Media.
"He looks alright," his flatmate, Beth Goodwin, said. "It's more internal injuries. He's broken some bones in his ribs and neck but they're not important bones."
"The odds may be against it, but others have lived after even more dramatic plummets.
"Juliane Koepcke, 17, was flying over the Peruvian rainforest with her mother when her plane was hit by lightning. But she survived a two-mile (3.2km) fall.
"In January 1972, 22-year-old Yugoslav flight attendant Vesna Vulovic's plane exploded following a suspected terrorist bomb. The Guinness Book of Records recorded that Ms Vulovic plummeted 33,000ft (10,160m) before landing in snow."
Read more
In a statement, New Zealand police said: "It appears that the man was locked out of his 14th floor apartment. He fell while attempting to climb down the outside of the building from a 15th floor apartment directly above his, in an effort to gain access via his balcony."
There were "no suspicious circumstances surrounding the fall", the statement added.
The 20-year-old is said to be in New Zealand on a working holiday.
Mr Stilwell discovered he was locked out of his flat early on Sunday, and asked a neighbour if he could climb down from her balcony into his flat, his friends said.
The neighbour, Geraldine Bautista, told the New Zealand Herald that Mr Stilwell was "a little tipsy" but polite.
"I wasn't scared of him - he just requested 'Can you please let me jump off from the balcony? I will not bother you, just let me use your balcony.'"
"I never thought he would really do that. In my mind I thought 'Okay, I'll just let you see that it's really impossible. I didn't think he'd jump, because it's really scary."
However, he quickly pulled himself over the balcony railing before she could stop him, she said.
"I thought I was dreaming... it happened within seconds," she said. "I couldn't even scream for help."
Mr Stilwell's fall was broken by the roof of an adjacent building, reportedly some 13 floors below.
He was taken to hospital in a critical condition, but was in a satisfactory condition by Monday, a hospital spokesperson said.
Dr Tony Smith, a medical director at St John, an emergency healthcare organisation, told the New Zealand Herald that a person's chances of survival were increased if they were able to break their fall on something.
However, "survival from falls of that height are extraordinarily unusual", he said.
In December 2007, New York window cleaner Alcides Moreno plummeted 47 floors when cables holding the platform he and his brother were working on failed. His brother died but Mr Moreno made a full recovery, something doctors attributed in part to his escaping major head injuries.
In June 2010 a four-year-old boy escaped with minor injuries after falling from the 17th floor of a hotel in Miami. Joey Williams, who bounced off palm trees as he fell to the 10th-floor pool area, was sitting up in bed by the next day.


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Question: British number two Aljaz Bedene will play Rafael Nadal at the Monte Carlo Masters after beating Lukas Rosol in round one.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

The Slovenia-born 26-year-old beat 30-year-old Czech Rosol 6-2 6-3 in just over an hour.
Spaniard Nadal, 29, is the fifth seed and received a bye into round two.
British number one Andy Murray also enters at the second round and will play French qualifier Pierre-Hugues Herbert, 25, on Tuesday.
The 28-year-old Scot is also competing in the men's doubles, where he and partner Dom Inglot progressed to the second round by beating Pablo Cuevas and Marcel Granollers 6-3 6-4.
Murray and Englishman Inglot next play Edouard Roger-Vasselin of France and Serbia's Nenad Zimonjic.

World number 58 Evans, the British number four, lost 6-3 6-1 to Czech Republic's Jiri Vesely in Rome.
But British number three Bedene beat Argentina's Renzo Olivo 6-3 6-4 in the final qualifying round.
World number one Andy Murray, who received a bye in the first round, will play Italy's Fabio Fognini on Monday.
Britain's number two Kyle Edmund is also in action on Monday, against Portugal's Joao Sousa in the first round.


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Question: A mental health unit patient was assessed as not being psychotic four days before he killed a fellow patient, a court has heard.

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Robert McNeill, 60, died at Great Oaks Hospital in Scunthorpe on 16 January.
Jamie Reed, 26, has admitted manslaughter by diminished responsibility but denies murder.
Hull Crown Court heard after the killing, Mr Reed told police: "It didn't feel like me. It felt like I was dreaming, like a nightmare."
The court heard Mr Reed said Mr McNeill had supernatural powers and was a dream catcher, who would harvest his organs.
He also described attacking and choking the patient, the jury were told.
The court heard Mr McNeill was left with multiple injuries to his face, head, back and neck after a "frenzied assault" by Mr Reed, who believed himself to be psychotic and had delusional moments.
Mr McNeill was found dead in his room in between 15-minute checks by staff. He had been choked, struck on the head and poked in the back with a pen.
Consultant forensic psychiatrist Dr Ramneesh Puri told the jury Mr Reed was not diagnosed with psychosis before he was admitted to the hospital.
Nursing assistant Kelly Dallas told the court it was "hard to police" patients entering each other's rooms, which was not allowed on the Mulberry House ward.
Another nursing assistant said he had seen the defendant in the unit's communal area minutes before the killing and noted he had changed back into day clothes from his pyjamas, the jury heard.
When the prosecution asked consultant psychiatrist Dr Adedoyin Olovou if there were any signs of psychosis or delusions when he was at the police station the day after the killing, she replied: "Not in my professional opinion, no."
The trial continues.

Khoung Lam was on an escorted shopping trip to Coryton from Whitchurch Hospital on 25 June 2015 when he put a belt around David Owen's neck.
But Mr Owen got free and placed the belt around Mr Lamb's neck instead.  Mr Lam became unconscious and was later pronounced dead by paramedics.
Mr Owen was initially arrested but later released without charge.
At the start of what is expected to be a three-week inquest, coroner Chris Woolley said Mr Lam, who had a history of mental health problems, had been sectioned about two weeks before he died.
He said on the day he died, Mr Lam told his carer: "I'm off", before running away.
Police found him in a cafe but he broke loose from them as he was being escorted away.
He crossed into some nearby open land where he met Mr Owen and said to him: "What day do you want to die?", before putting a belt around his neck.
Mr Woolley said the inquest jury would hear evidence about the medical cause of death, the psychiatric care Mr Lam had received and the role of the police.
The inquest continues.


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Question: A Welsh youth movement must do more to widen its appeal, its new chief executive has said.

Urdd Gobaith Cymru, a Welsh-speaking organisation, needs to attract more interest from those who do not speak the language, according to Sioned Hughes.
She thinks the Urdd is "very good" at connecting with the people who know about it.
But, she added, a "better connection" is needed with non-Welsh speakers.
This includes parents, Welsh learners and English language media.
The organisation, which has 55,000 members, was established in 1922 to help children and young people socialise using Welsh.
Ms Hughes has just started her role and said she hopes to "strengthen the Urdd, increase membership, raise awareness and ensure that we understand our members' aspirations, needs and requirements to go from strength to strength".

The committee will be key to deciding the future of the BBC as it approaches charter renewal next year.
Mr Norman, MP for Hereford and South Herefordshire, replaces John Whittingdale, who was appointed culture secretary last month.
He has said in Parliament he wants to "support the tradition of public service broadcasting".
The politician includes himself among a number of MPs who "feel very warmly" towards the BBC.
But he has also pledged to examine the BBC's spending in the Midlands - where his constituency is based - amid a vocal campaign for the licence fee to be used to be used more locally.
"There is an issue here. It needs proper public consideration and I have already drawn attention to that in the pitch I have made," Mr Norman told the Birmingham Post.
A director of the Hay Festival, Mr Norman is also a trustee of London performing arts space, the Roundhouse, which was founded by his father.
He also plays trumpet in the parliamentary jazz band.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Scientists in Cardiff say they are on the verge of an "enormously exciting" breakthrough in understanding the causes of Alzheimer's disease.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Their study will suggest the body's own immune system could be attacking brain cells of those genetically susceptible.
It builds on global studies identifying 30 genes linked to the disease.
About 45,000 people in Wales are thought to be living with dementia, with Alzheimer's the most common form of the illness.
For years, scientists have been looking at a small number of genes which apply to very rare forms of Alzheimer's but they have been trying to find the ones which apply to more common forms of the disease.
To do that, they need to study of the genes of far greater numbers of people.
Forty research groups led by scientists in Cardiff, France and the United States have been working more closely together and have now pooled a worldwide database of 90,000 samples.
45,000
people with Alzheimer's disease
100,000  numbers estimated to have dementia by 2055
25,000 estimated to be living with dementia but undiagnosed
Â£1.4bn estimated cost to Welsh society of Alzheimer's a year
"We're about to submit a paper that is enormously exciting and which I think will really change, without a doubt, what we think of Alzheimer's disease going forward," Professor Julie Williams, head of the research team at Cardiff University, said.
"Over the last five or six years we've been successful in identifying 30 genes that increase - or decrease - your risk for Alzheimer's disease.
"Now this is telling us what some of the major components in disease development are. It's new, it's exciting; it's a different perspective on what Alzheimer's disease is."
A lot of dementia research over the last two decades has been looking at a few elements in brain behaviour such as amyloid plaques - the tangles that occur within the neurons.
Prof Williams said now they were looking at something different - backed by genetics - which is the immune response in those people who go on to develop Alzheimer's disease.
"Our immune response is about how the brain keeps us safe, it's about getting rid of things which might invade the brain, getting rid of nerve cells and bits that go wrong," she said.
"It has a very complicated set of activities and some of those are actually, I think, dismantling the brain at its roots."
One of these involves a pruning function which is quite normal and helps our brains develop as we grow.
But now scientists believe it is triggered again in some people as they get older and actually eats away at synapsis [connections between nerve cells] and brain cells.
Researchers will also look at how factors such as lifestyle and exercise could play a part.
"If we can understand how that happens we can then possibly have preventive treatments or therapies for people who have the disease," Prof Williams said.
HOW SUPER SCANNERS WILL HELP RESEARCH
Cardiff University's range of scanners at its new Â£44m brain imaging research centre Cubric will be used in the research.
It includes Europe's most powerful brain scanner - which has been described as the "Hubble telescope of neuroscience".
One research project is targeting 180 people in the Cardiff area, aged between 40 to 60, to help study the genetic risks of Alzheimer's and how issues like lifestyle and obesity interact.
Volunteers will be given MRI scans as well as having blood and saliva samples taken.
Cardiff University is also looking for volunteers for research into early onset dementia.
Meanwhile scientists in Bangor have developed new ways of helping individuals develop new skills or re-learn skills they have lost, and lead projects allowing patients to create visual art.
They are looking into ways to communicate with patients who have lost the ability to speak.
Prof Williams said: "It's great people are living longer, it's something to celebrate but it means there will be more disease out there and Alzheimer's and dementia will be up at the top of that list unfortunately."

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

There were also breakthroughs in a range of deadly diseases.
A year ago hardly anyone had heard of Zika virus. Now the birth of babies with underdeveloped brains - known as microcephaly - is all too familiar.
The World Health Organization declared the disease, which is spread by mosquitoes, a public health emergency.
The concern was initially centred on Brazil, but the infection has spread to 75 countries and territories.
Huge effort has been put into controlling the mosquito, but there remains no drug or vaccine for the disease.
Zika outbreak: What you need to know
The first baby conceived using a new method to combine material from two women and one man was born in Mexico.
The baby boy has a tiny section of DNA - about 0.1% of the total - from the second woman in order to prevent "mitochondrial disease" being passed from mother to child.
Meanwhile the UK - which pioneered the advanced form of IVF - has given the procedure the go-ahead and 30 babies a year are expected to be born in the country.
First 'three person baby' born using new method
Babies made from three people approved in UK
The transformation in Clara is amazing.
She has cystic fibrosis which leads to her producing really thick mucus that clogs and damages in her lungs.
Only half of patients with the disease make it into their 40s, but a new drug called Orkambi corrects the underlying genetic defect that causes cystic fibrosis.
Clara was on a trial of the drug and says her life has been transformed.
Doctors excited by cystic fibrosis therapy
Sarah sees things that aren't there: "I hallucinated that my body has morphed spiders' legs or rabbit ears, I've seen them there, I've felt them there," she said.
But doctors have discovered that the cause of her disease is a rogue immune system that is attacking a part of her brain.
It's part of the rapidly emerging field of immunopsychiatry - that the immune system causes mental health disorders.
She was treated with drugs to suppress the immune system and even had her blood filtered to remove the "rogue" components.
There are even suggestions the immune system is involved in depression.
BBC Radio 4 documentary: The Inflamed Mind
Some psychosis cases an 'immune disorder'
Depression: A revolution in treatment?
Surgeons say this laser could be "truly transformative" in the treatment of early stage prostate cancer.
Men currently have the choice of letting the cancer grow or risking impotence and incontinence by having surgery to remove a tumour.
Now drug has been made from bacteria that live in near-total darkness and becomes toxic only when exposed to light. Its injected into the prostate. Then ten lasers are inserted into the tumour to activate the drug.
It kills the cancer, while preserving the rest of the prostate and has no side effects in clinical trials.
Prostate cancer laser treatment 'truly transformative'
Prostate awareness 'dangerously low'
One of the most demonised patients in history - Gaetan Dugas - was convincingly cleared of claims he spread HIV to the US by scientists.
Mr Dugas was a homosexual flight attendant and gained legendary status in the history of HIV/Aids when he became known as "Patient Zero".
But a study showed he was just one of thousands of infected people in the 1970s and that New York was a crucial hub for the spread of the virus.
The Air Canada employee was labelled Patient O (the letter, not the number) by the US Centres for Disease Control because he was a case "Out-of-California".
Over time the O became a 0 and the term Patient Zero was born. It is still used to this day to describe the first identified case of an outbreak.
HIV patient zero cleared by science
Scientists say have grown embryos in the laboratory for longer than ever before and have now reached the legal 14-day limit.
It's the first time embryos have been grown past the point they would normally implant in the womb.
The researchers believe studying the embryos will improve fertility treatments and revolutionise knowledge of the earliest stages of human life.
Some scientists have now called for the legal limit to be increased.
Embryo study shows 'life's first steps'
Doctors have used sound waves to successfully operate deep inside the brain with no scalpels in sight.
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
Selwyn Lucas, who is 52, can now hold his hand steady and said he felt "fantastic".
The team at St Mary's hospital in London used focused ultrasound guided by an MRI scanner to destroy tissue causing the tremor.
Doctors use deep-brain ultrasound therapy to treat tremors
The unbelievable phenomenon in 2014 that was the Ice Bucket Challenge actually led to an important scientific discovery.
The viral videos of people pouring ice-cold water over themselves raised $115m (Â£87.7m) for the ALS Association, set up to raise funds for research into a form of motor neurone disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Research funded by the Ice Bucket Challenge uncovered a new gene - called NEK1 - that contributes to the disease.
Scientists claim to have developed an invisible elastic film that can be applied to the skin to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and eye bags.
Scientists say they have made a leap in knowing why some people retain their youthful looks while others age badly - and the answer is in the ginger gene.
Morning flu jabs provoke a stronger immune response than those given in the afternoon.
Human life spans may be limited to a maximum of about 115 years.
Early trial data shows a drug developed using artificial intelligence can slow the growth of cancer in clinical trials.
Custom-made, living body parts have been 3D-printed in a what could be a significant advance for regenerative medicine.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: Google is letting people use its driverless car service for any ride at any time.

The search firm's sister company Waymo has created a free "early rider" programme in Phoenix, Arizona.
Hundreds of families are expected to take part. Waymo has equipped a fleet of 500 minivans with its self-driving technology to handle ride requests.
The company said testers could ride any time across a test zone in Phoenix twice the size of San Francisco.
The test is the first, large-scale public trial of a driverless car system.
In a blog John Krafcik, Waymo's chief executive, said it had been doing small-scale tests of its riding service with a few Phoenix families for the past month.
Now, he said, it wanted more testers, with "diverse backgrounds and transportation needs".
"We'll learn things like where people want to go in a self-driving car, how they communicate with our vehicles, and what information and controls they want to see inside," wrote Mr Krafcik.
Those applying to take part must be over 18 and live inside the large test region, which forms part of the greater Phoenix metropolitan area.
The cars will not be entirely autonomous, as Arizona laws governing the use of autonomous vehicles demand a test driver be behind the wheel to take control in the event of problems or collisions.
Google's Waymo has been one of the most aggressive developers of autonomous car driving technology and services.
The company's robot cars have now driven more than 2.5 million miles on public roads without human help.
The cars have also been involved in 14 collisions while logging those miles.
As well as fitting out existing cars with sensing and navigations systems, Waymo has also developed its own small, two-seater vehicles.
For the Phoenix test, Google will use Chrysler Pacifica minivans.
The news of the test project comes a day after the UK announced plans to get driverless cars tested on public roads and motorways by 2019.
It also comes as the Wall Street Journal revealed Amazon has been working on autonomous car services for more than 12 months.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Grab users will be able to use the app to book nuTonomy cars for driverless rides in a small district of the city only.
The cars still have a backup drivers.
The announcement comes as car and technology companies around the world step up their experiments with self-driving cars.
The big ride-hailing competitor Uber, which is working with car maker Volvo in the US, started a trial with self-driving cars in Pittsburgh in August, albeit also still with a backup driver who can take control should technology fail.
Lyft has joined forces with US giant General Motors, whose chief executive earlier this month predicted driverless cabs in as little as 5 years.
NuTonomy started a limited public trial of a driverless taxi in August in Singapore, and says it hopes to have as many as 100 autonomous taxis operating in the city-state by 2018.
Karl Iagnemma, chief executive of nuTonomy, told the BBC that the partnership with Grab will "allow us to expand our public pilot by integrating it with the Grab app".
He said: "People can use the Grab app to call one of our cars, and it's going to be very similar to hailing a Grab car today except that that car will be driven by our software - not by a human driver," he explained.
Aside from ride-hailing or taxi companies, carmakers are also working on autonomous driving technology.
Google has for years been working on its driverless Google car, also pushing US legislators to update the legal framework for a future of self-driving vehicles.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A councillor who said a heavily pregnant election candidate would be "too busy changing nappies to be a voice for the people" has apologised.

Conservative Jon Wright questioned whether prospective Labour MP Catherine Atkinson would be an "effective" MP.
Erewash Borough councillor Mr Wright made the comments in a Facebook discussion.
He has since apologised "unreservedly", although Ms Atkinson dismissed his retraction.
Mr Wright posted his remarks on Ilkeston Life's Facebook page underneath a post about Ms Atkinson becoming Labour's general election candidate in the Erewash seat,
It prompted a flurry of replies, some in support, but many against what he said.
Kathy Mee wrote: "And what has that got to do with politics? Are pregnant women all of a sudden incapable of doing anything? Lol do mothers all over the world not work or do anything because they children? Don't be so daft."
Mr Wright has since issued an apology in which he said: "If my comment appeared to be sexist or offensive in any way I unreservedly apologise, it wasn't meant to be that way."
After hearing of Mr Wright's apology, Ms Atkinson said in a statement: "The so called apology is no apology at all - he stands by his views."
Carol Hart, the leader of the Conservative Group at Erewash Borough Council, said his comments were "totally unacceptable" and a meeting will be held with him to discuss the matter.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Tory defector Douglas Carswell said fundamental change was needed to reconnect politics with the public.
He said voters should be able to sack MPs and argued that committees should sign off on ministerial appointments.
Meanwhile, UKIP leader Nigel Farage has insisted he is "fit as a flea" following rumours he was seriously ill.
Mr Carswell, who was speaking on the second day of the UKIP conference in Margate, Kent, said change should not be ruled out because alternative vote (AV) had been rejected in a referendum.
"If we are serious about choice and competition in politics, I think we need to think seriously about electoral reform," he said.
"Just because Nick Clegg's idea of AV was a bad idea, just because the Liberal Democrats are such a bad advertisement for reform, doesn't mean we can't do better."
The BBC's political correspondent Robin Brant said police had clashed with demonstrators outside the conference venue, reporting "several minor scuffles" outside the Winter Gardens in Margate as the two sides confronted each other.
Police estimated there were about 350 protestors on an anti-UKIP march, which took place along the seafront.
At the conference, Mr Carswell backed open primaries to improve the range of candidates in seats and said cross-party Commons committees should have to approve ministerial and senior civil service appointments.
He said he was determined to "break up that cosy little clique called Westminster".
"They are going to have to make a lot more room for UKIP MPs in the Commons in just over eight weeks time," he said.
"Too many MPs become MPs by working in the offices of MPs. We want to open things up."
Mr Carswell said he wanted MPs to "answer not to party whips, but to people".
"That is why we want to bring forward a proper recall bill to give voters the power to sack their MP," he said.
Under this plan, a local vote could be triggered if 20% of the electorate signed a petition calling for their MP to be replaced.
Former boxing promoter Kellie Maloney later received a standing ovation at the conference following an emotional speech.
She was close to tears as she read a poem about a transsexual who committed suicide and was praised by leader Nigel Farage as proof that the party was "open to everyone".
The long-time UKIP supporter began her speech by apologising for homophobic comments she made while standing to become London Mayor in 2004, 10 years before she announced she was transitioning genders.
At the time she said she would not campaign in Camden because there were "too many gays".
"I made a terrible mistake in 2004 when I made a derogatory remark about the gay community and to them I apologise," she said.
"I had to come to terms with myself and accept that I was a transsexual."
Mr Farage spoke to the BBC ahead of the conference's second day to address rumours he was seriously ill after party donors rang him to express alarm.
He said: "I hate to disappoint my opponents but can I please tell everyone now, the rumours of my demise have been greatly exaggerated."
Mr Farage said he had not been seen much in January and early February because he was "campaigning hard" in Thanet.
He is standing for election in South Thanet.


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Question: A final year medical student accused of terrorism charges has told a court he wants to clear his name and become a doctor.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Yousif Badri, 29, denies being involved in conduct "with the intention of committing acts of terrorism".
Mr Badri's flat in Aberdeen's Ashgrove Road was raided by police on 6 June 2013 - the day after he sat and passed his final medical exams.
The Aberdeen University student denies two charges under the Terrorism Act.
During the raid on Mr Badri's flat, his computer and an external hard drive were seized and hundreds of thousands of files were found.
They included dozens which featured troops being killed by snipers and an Al Qaeda training manual and magazines which included articles about bomb making.
Mr Badri claims he was researching the material in order to refute the ways it used the Koran to advocate violence.
At the High Court in Glasgow he was asked by defence QC Murdo Macleod: "What are your plans for the future?" and replied: "I'm here to explain my position and hopefully clear my name and I want to become what I've trained for eight years to be - a doctor."
Mr Badri was also asked how his arrest and trial had affected his family and said: "We are normally quite a happy family. This has been very difficult for my parents and for my sisters. It's been two years since I was arrested."
Under cross-examination by advocate depute Richard Goddard, prosecuting, he denied that he had tried to keep the files found by police secret.
He said: "It was on my computer. It was free for anyone to access. There was no password. I used Google to access all the material."
The court has heard that Mr Badri was arrested before he was able to graduate as a doctor.
The offences are said to have been carried out at two places in Aberdeen - Mr Badri's former flat in Ashgrove Road and in Berryden Retail Park.
His current address in Halifax, West Yorkshire, also features in the alleged offences.
Prosecutors claim that between 2007 and 2013 Mr Badri collected or made a record of information likely to be useful to a person "committing or preparing an act of terrorism".
This allegedly included footage of terror attacks as well as instructions on "urban assassinations" and "guerrilla tactics".
A  second charge alleges that Mr Badri "with the intention of committing acts of terrorism" engaged in various actions between 2006 and 2013.
Accusations listed in the indictment include a claim he had an "equipment list" for attending a terrorist training camp in Afghanistan.
He is also said to have possessed "advice for those involved in conducting terrorist attack planning operations".
The charge further alleges that he had documents, recordings and files containing "extreme ideology".
The trial continues.

In a statement, he said the last five months have been the most difficult of his life.
He said that several family illnesses and the collapse of his political career had taken their toll.
Mr Wells said he had been under enormous pressure trying to clear his name and is taking a break to recharge his batteries.


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Question: The BBC could face a cut in the TV licence fee or have to share it with other broadcasters unless it rebuilds public trust, a Tory minister has said.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Conservative party chairman Grant Shapps told the Sunday Telegraph the broadcaster must be "more transparent" and change its "culture of secrecy".
The current £145.50 annual fee would be "too much" without reform, he said.
A BBC spokesman said transparency and freedom from political pressure were key to the BBC's future.
Mr Shapps' comments come after negative publicity over pay-outs to top executives and the handling of the Jimmy Savile scandal.
Numerous allegations against Savile, who presented programmes including Jim'll Fix It during a long career at the BBC, emerged after his death in 2011 and police have since described him as a "prolific, predatory sex offender".
Mr Shapps also mentioned the case of former BBC broadcaster Stuart Hall, who is currently serving a prison sentence for a series of sexual assaults on young girls.
Mr Shapps said the BBC was in danger of "frittering away" public trust.
"They have ended up working in this culture which is buried in the last century, which is 'we are the BBC, we do what we like, we don't have to be too accountable'.
"But they are raising £3.6bn through the licence fee, which is a tax, and, quite rightly, the public wants to have sight of how the money is spent. Things like the pay-offs have really caused concern, as have, obviously, things like Savile and Hall and the culture that goes around that. I think it is one of too much secrecy," he said.
BBC director general Lord Hall should consider opening the corporation's books to full inspection by the National Audit Office (NAO), publishing all expenditure over £500 - including stars' salaries - and opening up to freedom of information requests, he said.
With the current royal charter allowing the BBC's licence fee coming up for renewal at the end of 2016, Mr Shapps also indicated he would consider changing the system which sees the broadcaster receive all of the money raised through the licence fee.
There were "lots of different ways" the money could be used to fund public service broadcasting, he said.
There was also a "question of credibility" for the BBC over whether it applied "fairness" to its reporting of politics, Mr Shapps added.
A BBC spokesman said: "Mr Shapps is right that transparency is key to the future of the BBC. So is its freedom from political pressure.
"The BBC and the BBC Trust actively encourages the public to tell us what it thinks of our services and help us police our own guidelines. On TV and radio they personally hold its executives to account."
He said in 2012, the corporation dealt with more than 1,600 freedom of information requests and volunteered information on hundreds more.
It has appeared in front of 16 parliamentary committees in 2013, and the NAO already has full access to the BBC's operations except its editorial decisions, he added.
In July, the BBC was criticised by the National Audit Office for paying out £25m in severance to 150 senior BBC managers, and risking "public trust".
Earlier this month the BBC's director general Tony Hall promised the corporation would have a closer relationship with its audience in future, treating them as "owners" rather than licence fee payers.
'So predictable'
Shadow culture secretary Harriet Harman said it was "absolutely wrong" for Mr Shapps to make his comments.
"He's the chair of the Conservative Party, it's not come from the Secretary of State for Culture Maria Miller," she told BBC's The Andrew Marr Show.
"He's using the fact we're heading into a charter review and licence fee review in order to put pressure on the BBC because the Conservatives are trying to somehow blame [them] for having to report the government is not succeeding in so many ways.
"Some of the Tories are against the BBC because it's a public corporation - they have never liked it and they see any opportunity to give it a good kicking.
"The BBC have given that opportunity with the extortionate high salaries and the way they handled Jimmy Savile, but it is still a massively important organisation and the government should support it."
Former BBC director general Greg Dyke also told Marr that Mr Shapps's comments should not be taken seriously.
"This is so predictable - 18 months from an election and the government decides to start pressuring the BBC," he said.
"It's an attempt to intimidate the BBC which is what governments do, and it's the BBC's job to resist.
"Two or three things have happened that have been pretty unpleasant for the BBC, but that doesn't mean the whole of what the BBC stands for should be threatened."

Mr Whittingdale has been chair of the House of Commons Culture, Media and Sport select committee for a decade.
One of his first duties will be to oversee negotiations for the BBC's charter renewal.
He has described the TV licence as "worse than a poll tax", although he has said it is likely to survive until at least the 2020s.
He will also face the prospect of cuts to his department - the Department for Culture, Media and Sport (DCMS) - as the new government seeks to eliminate the national budget deficit.
And press regulation will be on his agenda. He has previously argued against statutory regulation of the press and said the Leveson Inquiry into media ethics "strayed" far beyond its remit.
When it comes to understanding the brief, you would be hard pressed to find anyone better.
Previous appointments have suggested the department was seen as a post to test out rising stars to see if they were up to running one of the big government departments. John Whittingdale's appointment is different. He is there to do a specific job - decide the future of the BBC.
He is no fan of the licence fee, but has said he accepts it will probably survive for the next 10 years.
And secondly, almost forgotten now - the issue of press regulation lurks. His summoning of Rupert Murdoch to the culture committee was one of the key moments in the hacking scandal. But anyone waiting for further action to enforce a "Leveson-compliant" system of press regulation will probably have to wait a good while longer.
Figures from the media and arts worlds have been reacting to his appointment on Twitter:
The BBC's royal charter determines the level of the licence fee, currently Â£145.50, and the other terms under which the corporation operates. The current charter will run out at the end of 2016.
As culture secretary, Mr Whittingdale will lead the government's negotiations with the BBC over its renewal.
In February, Mr Whittingdale concluded that the TV licence is "becoming harder and harder to justify" given changes to technology.
As the culture select committee published a report into the future of the BBC, he said there appeared to be "no realistic alternative to the licence fee" in the short term, but that the BBC must prepare for the possibility of a change in the 2020s.
It could be replaced by a compulsory levy on all households, or be reduced, with some BBC services only available by subscription, the report suggested.
In October, he said the licence fee was "actually worse than a poll tax because under the poll tax, if you were on a very low income you would get a considerable subsidy", according to The Daily Telegraph.
A BBC spokesperson said: "We're looking forward to working with the new secretary of state."
Last November, Mr Whittingdale's committee also published a report into the way Arts Council England funds cultural organisations.
It concluded that there was a "clear funding imbalance" in favour of the capital, and urged Arts Council England to "restore some balance" across the country.
Arts Council England is funded by the DCMS. However, many in the arts world are braced for further funding reductions as the government seeks to eliminate the budget deficit without raising VAT, income tax or National Insurance.
As chair of the select committee, Mr Whittingdale also oversaw recent inquiries into the promotion of tourism in the UK, society lotteries and opportunities for women in sport.