Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Australia has promised to build on the "standout" Glasgow 2014 and deliver the "best" Commonwealth Games.

Jann Stuckey, the minister for the next Games on Australia's Gold Coast in April 2018, also believes the event will "continue for a long time".
"The Gold Coast won't be the beginning of the end - it will be a reinvigoration," said Stuckey.
The enthusiasm for the Games is in contrast to fears over its future before Glasgow 2014.
There was a lack of interest from member countries in staging the event, with no serious interest expressed to be 2022 hosts ahead of a March 2014 deadline.
Glasgow 2014 is believed to have cost more than £500m to stage and the finances needed to host future events was believed to be one of the issues.
In addition, a major dispute over governance between the Commonwealth Games Federation and its members may also have had a detrimental effect.
However, South African city Durban and Edmonton, in Canada, eventually came forward as potential suitors and confirmed bids for the 22nd Games must be lodged by March 2015.
Reg Milley, who is leading Edmonton's bid to host the Games, says the event needs to be modernised to stay relevant and has suggested adding new sports to the programme.
"Do we need three-on-three basketball, beach volleyball, BMX and skateboard?" asked Milley.
BMX cycling was added to the Olympic programme for the 2008 Beijing Games, while beach volleyball became an Olympic event at Atlanta in 1996.
Cycling's governing body the UCI has also campaigned for skateboarding to gain inclusion at the Olympics.
Speaking to BBC World Service's Sportsworld programme, Milley, chairman of the Edmonton 2022 bid committee, said his team had learned a lot from observing Glasgow 2014 at close quarters.
He said: "We have been talking to the young people here and in the wider Commonwealth about what they want in 2022 - the time when they will be at their peak.
"We need to renew and stay relevant."
Edmonton hosted the Commonwealth Games in 1978, while it was last staged in Canada in Victoria in 1994.
An African city has yet to welcome the event.
The president of the South African Sports Confederation & Olympic Committee, Gideon Sam, who is part of the Durban bid team, said the Commonwealth Games Federation should consider how his country staged the 2010 Fifa World Cup if they need help making their decision.
He said: "Ask Fifa what Durban can do. We have the infrastructure to deliver. This is Africa's time. This is Durban's time."
The next Games will be from 4-15 April 2018 in Australia and most of the venues for the disciplines are already in place.
New arenas have been built for the badminton, wrestling, track cycling and mountain biking, while the Aquatic Centre is ready three years ahead of schedule and will host August's Pan Pacific Swimming Championships.
Stuckey said the country has been a "thirsty sponge" in extracting the best elements that made Glasgow 2014 successful.
"We're absorbing all we can," she told BBC Sport.
"Some things we'll do differently, but for the most part - transport, security and volunteering programmes - we will be taking a leaf out of their book."
She added: "We will raise the bar further than what Glasgow has done for the best Games yet."

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Scotland and Germany are to co-host the first European Sports Championships.
Glasgow is to stage cycling, rowing, swimming and triathlon events, while Berlin is to host athletics.
The cultural festival will run alongside the championships and aims showcase the best of culture in Scotland and Glasgow.
The 11-day programme, from 2 August next year, is to bring together the already-established Merchant City Festival with the Scottish government's Year of Young People programme and the 150th anniversary of the birth of Charles Rennie Mackintosh.
Chair of the Glasgow 2018 European Championships Board, Bridget McConnell said: "Glasgow is Scotland's sporting, creative and cultural powerhouse, and we know how to celebrate in style.
"During the Glasgow 2018 European Championships the city and nation will, once again, come alive with a fantastic celebration of our finest artistic talents.
"We're counting down the days until Glasgow shines once more on a global stage."
Paul Bush, of VisitScotland, said the championships were a direct legacy of Scotland hosting the 2014 Commonwealth Games and The Ryder Cup.
"The cultural festival secures the legacy further and ensures Scotland continues to be recognised as a global leader in the delivery of sporting and cultural events," he said.


Question: Represent the next text

Question: A proposed deal to end a long-running dispute between the Orange Order and a nationalist residents group in the Ardoyne area of Belfast has stalled.

The agreement would have meant an Orange parade, prevented from returning to Ligoniel on July 12, 2013, would have been completed on Friday morning.
A loyalist protest camp at Twaddell Avenue would then have been dismantled.
The deal was to be announced on Monday, but a press conference was cancelled.
The Crumlin and Ardoyne Residents Association (CARA), the residents group involved in the talks, held a public meeting on Monday night to outline details of the proposed agreement.
Afterwards, some of those who attended said they were opposed to the deal, but believe it will go ahead.
Members of CARA then held a private meeting to discuss the feedback and agree the next step. A statement is expected to be issued later.
It is understood discussions involving loyalists and Orange Order members are also taking place.
Sources told the BBC that opinion about the proposal among those at the meeting was divided.
Two nationalist MLAs for north Belfast who attended the meeting said they hoped a resolution to the dispute could be found.
"The mood of tonight's meeting is that this could be an extraordinary moment, but people are very, very worried, they want to come to a conclusion," said Sinn FÃ©in MLA Gerry Kelly.
"CARA outlined proposals that were brought forward by two facilitators, they have given an update about where it is at the moment and they have taken soundings, listened to people. There were many different opinions in there."
Mr Kelly said CARA now faces a difficult decision and that he will support whatever they decide.
SDLP MLA Nicola Mallon said the meeting had been told that one of the three Orange lodges involved in the dispute has said it would not support the proposed agreement.
"Tonight was the first time that many people have had a chance to look at those details and to consider them," she said.
"Certainly a lot of people had a lot of questions to  ask and have asked that CARA goes away and reflects on their views and comes back."
The deal between CARA and the Orange Order also included a moratorium on future parades that pass a contested section of the route past the Ardoyne shop fronts on the Crumlin Road.
Under the terms of the deal, CARA would not object to five morning parades by the Orange Order and the Apprentice Boys.
In return, the Loyal Orders had agreed not to apply for permission for return evening parades, including on the Twelfth, until agreement could be reached.
The agreement would be hugely significant, but it does not have universal support.
Another nationalist residents group, the Greater Ardoyne Residents Collective (GARC), has made it clear that it is opposed to the deal.
In recent days, members of one of three Orange lodges involved in the parades dispute have not backed the agreement.
Ballysillan LOL 1891 has said it would not take part in the parade back to Ligoniel on Friday morning.
That caused concern on the nationalist side that any agreement would not stick and that some members of the Orange Order might continue the protest.
The loyalist protest at Twaddell Avenue began in July 2013 after a Parades Commission determination not to allow a return leg of an Orange parade to pass a section of the Crumlin road.
Campaigners had vowed to keep protesting until the original parade was allowed to return past the Ardoyne shops.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

25 February 2016 Last updated at 15:45 GMT
The barrier, built in the 1980s, is on the city's Crumlin Road and encloses part of the Ardoyne area.
It is owned by Northern Ireland's housing authority, which is replacing it with railings and decorative panels after "talks within and between communities" in the area.
This footage from the Northern Ireland Housing Executive shows the wall being knocked down.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: As controversy rages in Norway about mass killer Anders Breivik protesting against his solitary confinement, Australia's secretive prisons are increasingly reliant on prolonged isolation, writes Matthew Thompson.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Last week, one of Australia's most notorious bandits, Christopher Dean Pecotic, was deemed stable enough after a mental breakdown to be removed from a "suicide-proofed" observation cell and returned to regular solitary.
Pecotic, better known by his nickname "Badness", had spent several weeks under suicide watch in the starkest of cells, with neither writing materials nor hanging points, in the maximum security Barwon Prison outside the city of Geelong in Victoria state. This followed the 47-year-old's collapse into despair over being held in solitary confinement for almost four years to date. He faces another decade or more of the same.
At Pecotic's lowest ebb of recent weeks, the veteran armed robber and father of a nine-year-old girl stood his mattress against the wall, and, finger-painting with his own excrement (blood and faeces being the only options), fashioned the mattress into a grave-marker. Beneath his name he scrawled a plea to any coroner investigating the death to listen to recorded jailhouse calls to his mother, conversations in which he says that he can endure isolation no longer.
Then, in his reeking cell, Pecotic tightened the fabric of his unrippable, sleeveless, canvas smock across his throat, twice choking himself into a black-out but twice spared when his grip relaxed.
In vogue with the "supermax"-style of incarceration that is popular in Australia, Pecotic is totally excluded from the company of other prisoners. He spends almost all of his time alone in an "isolation cell". For the brief periods that he is permitted to use a prison telephone or exercise equipment, guards first clear those areas of inmates.
The Supreme Court of Victoria's Justice Terry Forrest predicted Pecotic's torment when sentencing him for armed robbery, gun offences and reckless conduct endangering serious injury in 2014. The judge said the term of 14-18 years he was handing down included a discount because of the "adverse mental health" consequences likely to result from the "onerous conditions of incarceration" that Pecotic faced.
"There is a real prospect that you will be required to serve all or a large proportion of â€¦ a lengthy prison sentence in isolation cell confinement for up to 23 hours a day," Justice Forrest said when delivering the sentence.
In explaining his decision to include a discount, Justice Forrest quoted from psychiatric and psychological reports which attributed much of Pecotic's personality and behaviour to the highly restrictive conditions in which he has been held during his near-lifetime behind bars - conditions to which he was now being returned.
Pecotic, who is also known by his stepfather's surname Binse, came to crime early in life, egged on by his petty criminal father, Croatian immigrant Steven Pecotic. He has only been free for about four years since he was first locked up at the age of 13 and declared a ward of the state at 14.
His subsequent decades of incarceration have not been served quietly. He has feuded in the yards, been stabbed and slashed, and beaten inmates with tin cans in socks. He famously bashed Julian Knight, the shooter in Australia's Hoddle Street massacre. He has launched hunger strikes, covered himself in faeces to keep guards at bay, and had many stints in isolation.
But he has also directed his energies towards more constructive pursuits. He acted as a prison rights advocate, distributing unauthorised prisoner surveys at New South Wales' (NSW) Goulburn Prison and, after release, meeting with journalists and politicians to argue in favour of an overhaul of rehabilitation and post-release assistance programs, and against the long-term use of solitary.
In the aftermath of an early 1990s run of escapes (from Pentridge prison in Melbourne and, just weeks later, Parramatta in Sydney) and attempted escapes, Pecotic spent more than three years not only in solitary but handcuffed and shackled whenever he was outside his cell.
"There is no assimilation, no transition, nothing bridging me from an extreme environment where everything is regimented, where you're in a little yard where your mind turns to jelly," he wrote in a diary.
"You have difficulty doing just menial day-to-day stuff. You struggle because everything was done for you. Now you're lost."
Released into the community from isolation, he wrote: "You're a walking time bomb â€¦ The inner hate, the inner rage, is all bottled up."
Official guidelines in Victoria say prison managers should aim to move prisoners out of solitary and return them to the main inmate population as soon as possible. Australia has also endorsed the United Nation's Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of Prisoners, known as the Mandela Rules, which prohibit "prolonged solitary confinement".
Such guidelines are in keeping with a wealth of expert opinion that long-term solitary confinement does profound psychological harm and works squarely against the rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
The head of Griffith University's correctional health program, Stuart Kinner, said it was "beyond dispute" that solitary confinement caused mental illness. "If anything, solitary is a short-term management solution," he said. Beyond that, it was "a way of causing a mental health problem or behavioural problem".
The BBC put a series of questions to Corrections Victoria, including whether Pecotic's four years of isolation would end, how many prisoners were held in isolation in Victoria, how many had been held that way for a year or more and how many were released directly from isolation into the community.
In response, a spokesman issued a statement that the department was "unable to comment for operation and privacy reasons". Pecotic's circumstances were also off limits - the department "does not discuss individual prisoners".
But a 2014 report obtained under Freedom of Information laws notes that Pecotic's isolation "is not the result of a prison related incident", meaning that his behaviour during his current incarceration is not the reason for his treatment. Instead, when justifying his placement, the panel cited his past crimes and previous terms of imprisonment, noting a history of violence and risks of escape, suicide or self-harm.
It is hard to know how many prisoners are in solitary, a term generally avoided in Australia. The preferred language includes "long-term management placement", "isolation cell confinement", "high-risk management", or prisoners being held in "segregated" or "protective" custody.
It must be noted that not everyone removed from the mainstream prison population is isolated from all other prisoners. Inmates such as child abusers and former police officers, who would be targets in jail's brutal pecking order, often mingle in secure enclaves.
Figures for solitary confinement and related isolation regimes are routinely absent from the plethora of prison reports issued in Australia. Fifteen years ago the NSW Judicial Commission released Protective Custody and Hardship, a report noting how little information was available about restrictive custody.  From the data it could gather, the commission reported that the number of prisoners in "protection" was growing at a rate 4.4 times faster than the general prison population. The commission was not able to provide updated figures.
Mark Halsey, a professor of criminology at Flinders University, said prisons in Australia tended to inhabit a "secret world" that kept the public from knowing what is being done in its name. He said authorities should explain why Pecotic, or any prisoner jailed in such circumstances, was being kept in isolation. "In concrete, clear terms, what are the reasons that he is such a risk that he has to be kept in such a manner? That's the fundamental question," he said.
Victoria is this year scheduled to open a A$20m ($15m, Â£11m), 40-cell addition to Barwon's isolation facilities. When it was announced in 2014, Corrections Victoria described it as a "major boost" that would "build on the prison system's capacity to manage an increasingly complex prisoner population, including outlaw motorcycle gang members, underworld figures and violent prisoners."
"Bring it on, we need the jobs," said local councillor Tony Ansett, calling it a "good news story". But the focus on isolation at Barwon and other prisons such as the Goulburn supermax in NSW is at odds with the findings of a seminal Australian inquiry into prisons.
Established in 1977 in the wake of riots and allegations of institutionalised brutality in NSW prisons, the Nagle Royal Commission sparked numerous reforms, including the closure of Australia's first supermax, the Katingal unit inside Sydney's Long Bay prison.
Originally sold as a humane alternative to the rule of the baton in the state's older stone-walled punishment blocks where "intractable" prisoners were sent, Katingal was a high-tech panopticon, an "electronic zoo", where inmates were found to have been subject to profoundly destabilising, aggravating isolation.
Justice John Nagle concluded that not only were ultra-controlled, escape-proof prisons inhumane and enormously expensive, they also produced an alumni of individuals more embittered and deranged than when they entered. These "so-called escape free prisons", Justice Nagle wrote, offered the community "false security".
Professor Kinner of Griffith University said it was no surprise that long-term prisoners like Pecotic failed to adapt to society after their release. "That's one of the fundamental issues with the notion of incarceration: we deprive people of their liberty, we don't let them make any choices," Prof Kinner said.
"Then we send them out into a community where they're probably extremely disadvantaged. They have lots of challenges, and we tell them to make all their decisions correctly or we'll lock them up again. Doesn't sound very clever when you put it that way, does it?"
Matthew Thompson is an Australian journalist, academic and author.

Images of Dylan Voller cuffed to a mechanical restraint chair drew widespread condemnation after they were aired on television.
Australian PM Malcolm Turnbull on Tuesday convened a royal commission to examine treatment of juvenile inmates in the Northern Territory.
In a public letter, Voller said he wanted to make up for his past actions.
"I would just like to thank the whole Australian community for the support you have showed for us boys as well as our families," Voller wrote.
"I would also like to take this opportunity to apologise to the community for my wrongs and I can't wait to get out and make up for them."
The Australian Broadcasting Corp.'s Four Corners programme this week showed footage of teenage offenders stripped naked, assaulted and tear gassed at the Northern Territory's Don Dale Youth Detention Centre.
Voller, who has been convicted of crimes including car theft, robbery and assault, was targeted in a number of incidents.
One of the guards who worked at the juvenile detention centre revealed that Voller had been placed in the restraint chair on multiple occasions.
"I know of three times he was in the restraint chair," said youth detention guard Ben Kelleher.
"Dylan was never so still, he was never so sheepish as he was when he was in that chair. I think he had admitted defeat when it happened.
"I turned up for one shift and Dylan was in the chair and the other two times they were on incident reports I read once I got to work," he said.
What the program showed
In the letter released by his lawyers, Voller also thanked Four Corners for "helping to get the truth out there".
He is eligible for release in August. It will be the first time he has experienced freedom as an adult.
His lawyer called for the young man's immediate release and said his client was "scared for his safety".
The prime minister has refused to widen the scope of the proposed royal commission beyond the Northern Territory, despite pressure from Indigenous groups to do so.
Youth detention rates are three times higher in the Northern Territory than elsewhere in Australia, according to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare.
Although the institute does not break down Indigenous youth incarceration rates specifically for the Northern Territory, young Indigenous people across Australia are 26 times more likely to be in detention than non-Indigenous youth.
The Northern Territory's attorney-general, John Elferink, has been stripped of his corrections portfolio in the wake of the scandal.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: St Johnstone moved within two points of fourth place in the Scottish Premiership by despatching 10-man Inverness CT, who now sit bottom.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Liam Craig swept home Steven MacLean's delivery in with 14 minutes gone.
ICT captain Gary Warren was dismissed for two bookable offences in quick succession after the break, leading to Murray Davidson firing in a second.
Danny Swanson broke neatly into the box and killed off Caley Thistle in the final 10 minutes with a low finish.
Inverness, now propping up the league table, have conceded more goals than any other side in the Premiership.
Their rearguard were all lured to the ball for the opening goal. Good play from MacLean drew in a posse of defenders before he played in Craig to deftly finish from the edge of the box.
When skipper Warren was sent-off you feared the worst for Inverness. His first yellow was for persistent fouling. His second came soon after for a foul on Swanson as the forward skipped past him. The resultant free-kick led to Davidson doubling the Saints lead.
Injuries have not helped Caley Thistle's cause at the back - Ross Draper was forced to play centre-back - but boss Richie Foran must be concerned about the porous nature of his defence.
St Johnstone had lost three of their four home games ahead this match. Manager Tommy Wright knew it was vital his side stopped conceding poor goals.
It was better in the first half. Often Inverness got to the St Johnstone box only to be rebuffed by a ring of light blue steel that resulted in the visitors barely getting a sniff of goal.
Overall Inverness looked toothless but credit to St Johnstone for looking more like their resolute selves.
There was a swagger about Wright's side after they opened the scoring, but they had to wait until the second half to increase their lead.
They might have had a penalty when Richard Foster went down in the box under challenge. It looked a bit soft and referee Euan Anderson waved it away.
St Johnstone deserved another goal, though, and it came after Warren's dismissal, Davidson finding the bottom corner from the ricocheted free-kick.
Swanson added the icing to the cake with a third goal 10 minutes from time, as Saints sealed an utterly deserved victory.
St Johnstone manager Tommy Wright: "We started on the front foot, got the goal, then after the first and second goals we dropped off a little bit. Inverness got back into it without causing us many problems.
"Our achilles heel this season has been not defending crosses into the box and set plays, and I thought the two centre-halves and Murray Davidson in particular dealt with them well.
"Swanson's goal is a good, quality goal, and we probably could've scored more when they went down to 10. I'm pleased with the three points and probably equally pleased with the clean sheet."
Inverness CT manager Richie Foran: "We got what we deserved. We've gone from one of our best performances of the season (against Dundee) to probably our worst. It's very disappointing. Talk about being inconsistent - that's sums us up this season.
"You're in there before games trying to motivate them and they're talking the talk, all the clichés, and they're going out there and not walking the walk. Go do your talking on the park - we didn't today.
"I can't be too harsh on the lads, their attitude is wonderful day in, day out, but you get paid to perform in the match and we've not performed over the last three or four games.
"But I know exactly what I need to bring in - our problem is we've got too many attack-minded players, we're right up there on the goal charts, but we're worse off on goals against, so we need more defensive-minded players and I'll go and get them (in January). The funds are there."
Match ends, St. Johnstone 3, Inverness CT 0.
Second Half ends, St. Johnstone 3, Inverness CT 0.
Foul by Liam Craig (St. Johnstone).
Jake Mulraney (Inverness CT) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Attempt missed. Liam Craig (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from a difficult angle and long range on the right is too high from a direct free kick.
Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ross Draper (Inverness CT).
Attempt missed. Greg Tansey (Inverness CT) right footed shot from outside the box is too high.
David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Iain Vigurs (Inverness CT).
Substitution, Inverness CT. Cameron Gilchrist replaces Carl Tremarco.
Attempt missed. Graham Cummins (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Substitution, Inverness CT. Alisdair Sutherland replaces Lonsana Doumbouya.
Attempt missed. Christopher Kane (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from the centre of the box misses to the left.
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Christopher Kane replaces Danny Swanson.
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Graham Cummins replaces Steven MacLean.
Murray Davidson (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Lonsana Doumbouya (Inverness CT).
Goal!  St. Johnstone 3, Inverness CT 0. Danny Swanson (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from the centre of the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Brian Easton.
Substitution, St. Johnstone. Blair Alston replaces Michael Coulson.
David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) is shown the yellow card.
Foul by Iain Vigurs (Inverness CT).
Murray Davidson (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt blocked. Billy King (Inverness CT) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Corner,  Inverness CT. Conceded by Richard Foster.
Attempt blocked. David Wotherspoon (St. Johnstone) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Ross Draper (Inverness CT) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Steven MacLean (St. Johnstone).
Attempt missed. Billy King (Inverness CT) right footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Attempt saved. Larnell Cole (Inverness CT) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Substitution, Inverness CT. Jake Mulraney replaces Aaron Doran.
Corner,  Inverness CT. Conceded by Murray Davidson.
Attempt blocked. Iain Vigurs (Inverness CT) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Goal!  St. Johnstone 2, Inverness CT 0. Murray Davidson (St. Johnstone) left footed shot from the centre of the box to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Michael Coulson.
Second yellow card to Gary Warren (Inverness CT) for a bad foul.
Danny Swanson (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gary Warren (Inverness CT).
Gary Warren (Inverness CT) is shown the yellow card.
Steven MacLean (St. Johnstone) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Gary Warren (Inverness CT).

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Liam Buchanan's strike was one of just four goals scored in the division on Saturday.
Two of those came late on at Hampden Park as Queen's Park drew 1-1 with Brechin.
Iain Russell's goal gave Airdrie a 1-0 win at home against Stenhousemuir, with Alloa held by East Fife while Albion Rovers and Peterhead was also goalless.
Buchanan's shot, with just six minutes left, extended Livingston's lead to nine points at the top of the table.
Stranraer sit two points above the relegation play-off position after their first loss in eight games.
Brechin City seemed set to move up to third after Andrew Jackson's 84th-minute strike put them in front at Hampden, but Ryan McGeever levelled for Queen's Park six minutes later.
David Marsh earned a straight red card for Stenhousemuir on 84 minutes for a foul on Aidrie goalscorer Russell.
The win saw Airdrie move level on points with Brechin and East Fife, but they remain outside the play-off places on goal difference.
Second-placed Alloa's four-match winning run came to an end as they were held to a goalless draw by third-placed East Fife.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Anthony Ervin has capped a remarkable turnaround to become the oldest ever Olympic swimming champion at the age of 35 with victory in the 50m freestyle.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

Media playback is not supported on this device
The American won joint gold in the same event in 2000 when he was 19 years old but quit the sport aged just 23.
He attempted suicide, worked in a tattoo parlour, played in a rock band and sold his gold medal for $17,000 to donate the money to Tsunami victims.
"It's surreal, kind of absurd," said Ervin after his shock win.
Ervin revealed he became a father during the US trials last month but has yet to see his daughter.
He said he wanted to be at the birth but was still competing and then got caught up in Olympic preparations.
"Oh man, it's like a thunderbolt," he said. "I haven't had a chance to meet her yet and I tried to send a message to her after my race."
Multiple gold medallist Katie Ledecky, 19, was in awe of of his team-mate's feat: "Wow, who does that, winning 16 years apart?"
France's Florent Manadou won silver, Ervin's compatriot Nathan Adrian came third and Britain's Ben Proud fourth.
Proud, 21, became the sixth British swimmer to finish fourth in a Rio final.
He said: "As soon as I touched my hand on that wall, it was over. There was nothing I could do about it, so I'm just going to accept the result and enjoy it.
"No one's trying to get fourth, they're doing their best and it's just how it happens. I was absolutely delighted to see Anthony Ervin jump on that lane liner and win his gold after 16 years. It's truly inspiring."
Meanwhile, Britain's Fran Halsall won her 50m freestyle semi-final despite her bus getting lost and taking her to the athletics stadium.
"It hasn't derailed me," said Halsall. "I've done it under the stress, made the final, so less stress tomorrow night, the bus turns up, it will be all good."
Ervin's return to the top of international swimming is one of the stories of the Olympic Games.
Born in Hollywood in 1981 and an Olympic gold medallist before the age of 20, he had given up swimming at the age 23.
He spent time living in New York, teaching and playing in a rock band, and sold his 2000 gold medal on Ebay to raise money for victims of the 2004 tsunami.
Ervin also suffered from depression and at one point tried to kill himself by overdosing on tranquilisers.
After returning to competition in 2011, he qualified for the USA's Olympic team for the 2012 Games and came fifth.
He was part of the team that won gold in Monday's 100m freestyle relay and now is an outright Olympic champion for the first time.
"I kind of laughed," he said. "It's almost absurd I was able to do it again."
He also indicated he would keep this medal "for now", adding: "Who knows what the future holds?"
Ervin suggested in an interview earlier this year that if he was successful in Rio he would consider attempting to qualify for the Tokyo Games in 2020.

US-born Ryan, who switched allegiance to Ireland last year, broke the Irish record for the second time in 24 hours as he clocked 24.72 seconds to triumph.
Ryan, 23, pipped American Justin Ress by 0.01 of a second to make up for the disappointment of missing out on a 100m backstroke medal on Monday.
Gary O'Toole is the only other Irish swimmer to win at the championships.
O'Toole clinched gold at the championships in 1991.
Pennsylvania State University student Ryan qualified for Ireland through his father Thomas who emigrated to the US in the 1980s.
He qualified for the 100m backstroke semi-finals at last year's Olympics.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Buyers of African art have descended on London this week for an auction at Bonhams and the 1:54 Contemporary Art Fair.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

7 October 2016 Last updated at 18:17 BST
Journalist Didi Akinyelure investigates why African art has become big business.

Figures show the number of visitors to the UK's major museums and galleries fell last year for the first time in almost a decade.
The biggest drop in 2015/2016 was seen in educational visits and school groups, which saw a 6.9% decline on 2014/15.
So why are figures dropping? It has been speculated that security fears over terrorism may be a factor.
According to The Guardian, it may also be because there being fewer so-called "blockbuster" exhibitions like the V&A's David Bowie show in 2013 - the most visited show in the London museum's history.
"There has been much speculation about the cause of the small decline in overall visitor numbers to national museums in England," said a spokesman for the Museums Association.
"But it is too early to say for certain what the reasons are for the drop in numbers."
The Department of Culture, Media and Sport's figures are based on attendance at the 15 museums it sponsors that provide free entry to their permanent collections.
They include the British Museum, the National Gallery and the Tate Gallery Group, which includes Tate Britain and Tate Modern.
According to the Museums Association, though, the figures "only cover England's national museums and therefore provide a partial view of the health of the UK's museums".
"In fact, the government's own Taking Part Survey shows that museum visits are at an all-time high in England, with 52.5% of all adults visiting a museum last year."
Tate Britain is expected to see a boost in visitor figures this year thanks to its eagerly anticipated David Hockney retrospective.
The 79-year-old artist marked the exhibition's opening by redesigning the Sun newspaper's logo for Friday's "souvenir" edition.
Here are some suggestions from BBC Arts editor Will Gompertz:
1) Tony Cragg: A Rare Category of Objects
The biggest UK exhibition to date by leading sculptor Tony Cragg opens next month at the Yorkshire Sculpture Park in Wakefield.
2) Jasper Johns
Opening in September, the Royal Academy's major retrospective of the American artist's work is tipped by Will to be "a sure-fire hit".
3) Cezanne Portraits
The National Portrait Gallery brings together more than 50 of the French artist's portraits, including works that have never been on public display in the UK.
4) Revolution: Russian Art 1917-1932
Featuring works by the likes of Wassily Kandinsky and Kazimir Malevich, the Royal Academy's spring exhibition marks the centenary of the Russian Revolution.
5) Wolfgang Tillmans: 2017
The German artist's first exhibition at Tate Modern includes an "immersive" new installation in the gallery's cavernous South Tank.
And Hull is also 2017's UK's City of Culture, and its offerings include hosting this year's Turner Prize later this year.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Art produced by people with dementia - as part of a research project into whether art can improve their well-being - is being exhibited.

Bangor University's dementia centre is leading the research, which is being run across three sites in Wales and England.
The sessions with participants include art appreciation and hands-on work and is being carried out over three months.
The works are going on display at Age Cymru's shop in Bangor from Wednesday.
The results of the Dementia and Imagination research are expected in 2016.

Age Cymru has been given the money by Arts Council of Wales and The Baring Foundation.
Artists will go into care homes to teach people new skills as part of cARTrefu, which launched in April 2015.
Nick Capaldi of Arts Council of Wales said: "Taking part in the arts adds to the everyday quality of life and the wellbeing of our nation."
The money, which covers 2017 to 2019, was announced on the eve of BBC Wales' Get Creative weekend, a partnership with Arts Council of Wales.
It begins with people forming an outline map of Wales on the side of Pen y Fan in the Brecon Beacons on Friday.
Get Creative will give people the chance to try their hand at a range of cultural activities with a number of taster events.
cARTrefu, meaning to reside in Welsh, is a programme aimed at introducing older people to the arts. In its two years, it has held more than 1,000 workshops at 120 care homes.
Economy Secretary Ken Skates said: "Art can play an integral part in tackling social isolation for older people and improving the wellbeing of communities across Wales."
A Baring Foundation report in 2011 stated the arts in care homes were "integral to the definition of excellence in social care".
It also found art programmes could also help boost people's confidence and self-esteem.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A new approach is needed to help save the black rhinoceros from extinction, a study involving Cardiff University scientists has found.

Researchers found 70% of the rhino's genetic diversity had been wiped out over the past 200 years due to hunting and loss of habitat.
This means the small number left would be vulnerable to the same diseases.
Prof Mike Bruford said moving bulls to new parks to boost diversity could help combat this "unfolding catastrophe".
From a population in the 1970s of almost 70,000, there are now about 5,000 black rhinos in the wild - the World Wildlife Fund lists the animal as critically endangered.
The animal now only survives in South Africa, Namibia, Kenya, Zimbabwe and Tanzania.
Working with colleagues from universities in South Africa, Kenya, Copenhagen and Chester, Cardiff's team compared the genes of living and dead rhinos by visiting museums and herds in the wild.
They found that 44 of 64 genetic lineages no longer exist, which poses a threat to the future of the animal.
Prof Bruford, from Cardiff University's School of Biosciences, said: "The magnitude of this loss in genetic diversity really did surprise us - we did not expect it to be so profound. If you don't have genetic diversity, you can't evolve.
"The new genetic data we have collected will allow us to identify populations of priority for conservation, giving us a better chance of preventing the species from total extinction.
"You could bring a new bull in or swap bulls between parks - you know they're not related so you're bringing fresh genes into the park."
Other suggestions to help conserve the black rhino includes moving animals together to make it cheaper to protect the dwindling population.
The research 'Extinctions, genetic erosion and conservation options for the black rhinoceros' has been published in Scientific Reports.

Born Free Foundation said it had obtained camera trap images and identified lion tracks in the Alatash area close to the border with Sudan.
The area is thought to have lost all its lions in the 20th Century because of hunting and habitat destruction.
The number of lions in Africa has declined by half since the 1990s.
The lions are thought to be of the Central African sub-species, of which only about 900 were thought to survive, Born Free Foundation's programmes manager, Mark Jones, told the BBC Newsday programme.
"Even though the team only visited the Ethiopian side of the park because of logistics, lions were likely to exist in the larger, adjacent Dinder National Park across the border in Sudan," he said.
Dr Hans Bauer, a renowned lion conservationist from Oxford University, who led the expedition, said this was the first time that the presence of lions had been confirmed in this area.
He estimated that the area could host a population of 1-200 lions.
The discovery will be good news for wildlife campaigners in Africa, where experts say the number of lions in West and Central parts of the continent is rapidly dropping.
"It is an important finding because knowing where the lions are will help us work with local people and wildlife authorities in order to improve protection and education around why lions are important and why it's important to protect them," Mr Jones added.
Last year, a study by the International Union for Conservation of Nature, says "many lion populations are either now gone or expected to disappear within the next few decades".
The killing of Zimbabwe's famous lion, Cecil, by an American dentist last year sparked global outrage.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The streets of Paisley have been filled with the sound of saxophones in a unique tribute to one of the town's most famous sons.

About 25 musicians took part in a mass outdoor rendition of the iconic sax solo from Gerry Rafferty's Baker Street.
It was organised as a tribute to the late singer in the week he would have celebrated his 70th birthday.
Paisley-born Rafferty died aged 63 in 2011, after a long illness.
The musical moment came as Paisley bids to be UK City of Culture 2021.
The bid is due to be lodged with the UK government next week and the event has been part-funded by the 2021 bid team.
Rafferty's daughter, Martha, has given her backing to the event, which took place at Paisley Cross at 13:00.
She said: "My father was very proud of his Paisley roots and I am sure he would have been supportive of the town's UK City of Culture bid.
"To have so many people playing the Baker Street solo together in the town centre is a unique idea and I am sure it will make a great spectacle.
"Let's hope they're all in tune! I am looking forward to hearing it."
The bid's director, Jean Cameron, said: "This event is a tribute to one of Paisley's best musical exports and a song known the world over.
"As well as marking what would have been Gerry's birthday it's also a great way to shine a spotlight on the town as we prepare to submit the bid, which will feature Paisley's incredible musical legacy."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

As 19th Century Tory prime minister Benjamin Disraeli once warned: "Keep your eye on Paisley."
Here are 10 reasons Paisley has made its mark on the culture of Scotland, the UK and the world.
After her remarkable victory at the general election, Mhairi Black is indisputably Paisley's most famous daughter at the moment.
The 21-year-old SNP politician became the UK's youngest MP and her first speech in the House of Commons went viral, being watched online more than 10 million times.
In that maiden speech, Mhairi Black referred to the history of her Paisley and Renfrewshire South constituency, pointing to the fact that Scottish national hero William Wallace, who fought against English rule, was born in Elderslie, just outside Paisley and was said to be educated by monks at the town's abbey.
Multi-million selling singer-songwriter Paolo Nutini is the town's most successful current pop star.
In the decade since his first hit single, the 28-year-old has racked up three huge albums and success around the world.
His father runs a fish and chip shop on the town's New Street.
Nutini's talent was spotted when he played an impromptu set at a concert organised for David Sneddon, the Paisley-born winner of the BBC talent show Fame Academy.
Hollywood star Gerard Butler hit the big time with 300, a fictionalised retelling of the Battle of Thermopylae.
The Paisley actor has since starred in numerous big budget blockbusters such as Olympus Has Fallen and the Bounty Hunter, with Jennifer Aniston.
He is also the voice of Stoick the Vast, the great chieftain in the How to Train Your Dragon movies.
The man who scored Scotland's most-lauded goal was a Paisley buddy, starting his career at the town's football club St Mirren.
He played 43 times for Scotland and scored eight goals, including his fantastic solo effort against the Netherlands in the doomed 1978 campaign.
The following year Gemmill's team Nottingham Forest won the European Cup but he was dropped for the final.
Phyllis Logan has played the housekeeper Mrs Hughes in all six seasons of the blockbuster period drama Downton Abbey.
She was born in Paisley and went to school in nearby Johnstone.
In the 80s she starred with Ian McShane in Lovejoy and appeared in the 1996 Mike Leigh film Secrets & Lies.
It all began with exotically patterned, delicate woollen shawls which were originally from Kashmir but European manufacturers began to produce cheaper versions to meet demand.
From roughly 1800 to 1850, the weavers of the town of Paisley became the foremost producers of these shawls.
Unique additions to their hand-looms and Jacquard looms allowed them to work in five colours when most weavers were producing paisley using only two.
The design became known as the Paisley pattern.
The shawl went out of fashion in the 1870s, but the pattern that had decorated them is still popular around the world today.
The late singer Gerry Rafferty is best remembered for his classic 1970s hit Baker Street but he also wrote songs about his home town Paisley.
Rafferty grew up on the town's Foxbar estate before bursting on to the folk scene with the Humblebums, whose line-up also included Glaswegian comedian Billy Connolly.
With Stealer's Wheel, Rafferty wrote the huge hit Stuck in the Middle With You before  later embarking on a successful solo career.
He also produced numerous hits including The Proclaimers' first single, Letter from America, in 1987.
Rafferty died in 2011 and the town now runs a festival in his honour.
Rafferty was a good friend and contemporary of artist and playwright John Byrne, who grew up in Paisley's Ferguslie Park area.
Byrne wrote the popular BBC TV series Tutti Frutti in 1987, which introduced the world to the talents of Robbie Coltrane, Emma Thompson and Richard Wilson.
And in the theatre, Byrne is best known for The Slab Boys Trilogy, which was based on his own experience of the "slab room" of a Paisley carpet manufacturer.
Byrne's list of other achievements is wide and varied, from designing a Beatles album cover to creating the sets for National Theatre productions.
Former Doctor Who star David Tennant moved to Paisley as a child, with his Church of Scotland minister father.
He made his professional acting debut while still at Paisley Grammar and appeared with the agitprop 7:84 Theatre Company.
Tennant also made an early television appearance in the Scottish TV sitcom Rab C Nesbitt as a transsexual barmaid called Davina.
After his success as the doctor and his appearance in Harry Potter, Tennant has continued to land big roles in shows such as Broadchurch.
The current Doctor Who showrunner and chief writer Steven Moffat, who is also responsible for TV's Sherlock, is also from Paisley.
Scottish tenor Kenneth McKellar was a mainstay of the BBC's Hogmanay celebration programme and the White Heather Club series in the 1960s.
In 1965, the BBC selected McKellar to represent the UK in the Eurovision Song Contest in Luxembourg and he came ninth.
The song A Man Without Love became a hit single and he followed it up with successful albums.
Among his unlikely achievements was writing a sketch for Monty Python. It featured in the Secret Policeman's Ball and saw a blindfolded person trying to identify the star beating them up.
On a more serious note, Paisley has a rich and varied cultural heritage dating back hundreds of years.
It also has some of the finest architecture in the UK.
The Grand Fountain, the centrepiece of Fountain Gardens, was gifted to the people of Paisley by the wealthy mill owner, Thomas Coats of the world famous J&P Coats thread manufacturer.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Oxford chalked up 100 goals for the season in all competitions as they saw off Shrewsbury at the Kassam Stadium to finish eighth in League One.

The Shrews avoided the nine-goal defeat that could have sent them down, with Port Vale's draw at Fleetwood meaning it was the Valiants who occupied the final relegation place.
Two goals in a minute early in the game put the U's in charge.
Centre-half Curtis Nelson ran through on goal from Rob Hall's backheel to hammer past goalkeeper Jayson Leutwiler in the 16th minute to open the scoring.
And in the home team's next attack, Hall turned in Chris Maguire's cross from the left to make it 2-0.
The goals came despite Oxford losing both full-backs, Joe Skarz and Christian Ribeiro, to injuries in the first 13 minutes.
Bryn Morris headed wide from a good position as the Shrews tried to respond, and at the start of the second half both Abu Ogogu and Stefan Payne went close.
Kane Hemmings should have made it three as he beat two defenders in a run through on goal only to screw his shot wide from seven yards.
Match report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Oxford United 2, Shrewsbury Town 0.
Second Half ends, Oxford United 2, Shrewsbury Town 0.
Attempt blocked. Alex Rodman (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Alex Rodman (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt missed. Kane Hemmings (Oxford United) left footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right.
Abu Ogogo (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Marvin Johnson (Oxford United).
Attempt missed. Marvin Johnson (Oxford United) left footed shot from outside the box is just a bit too high.
Corner,  Oxford United. Conceded by Jayson Leutwiler.
Attempt saved. Josh Ruffels (Oxford United) right footed shot from very close range is saved in the top centre of the goal.
Foul by John Mcatee (Shrewsbury Town).
Joe Rothwell (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Junior Brown (Shrewsbury Town).
Marvin Johnson (Oxford United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Alex Rodman (Shrewsbury Town).
John Lundstram (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Shaun Whalley (Shrewsbury Town) left footed shot from the right side of the box is blocked.
Substitution, Shrewsbury Town. John Mcatee replaces Ryan Yates.
Attempt saved. Alex Rodman (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt saved. Stefan Payne (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from outside the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Ryan Yates (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Marvin Johnson (Oxford United).
Foul by Aristote Nsiala (Shrewsbury Town).
Kane Hemmings (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Gary Deegan (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kane Hemmings (Oxford United).
Substitution, Oxford United. Kane Hemmings replaces Chris Maguire.
Attempt missed. Stefan Payne (Shrewsbury Town) right footed shot from the right side of the box is high and wide to the right.
Substitution, Shrewsbury Town. Gary Deegan replaces Bryn Morris.
Foul by Stefan Payne (Shrewsbury Town).
Canice Carroll (Oxford United) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Corner,  Shrewsbury Town. Conceded by Joe Rothwell.
Foul by Dominic Smith (Shrewsbury Town).
Chris Maguire (Oxford United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Bryn Morris (Shrewsbury Town).
John Lundstram (Oxford United) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Junior Brown (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Robert Hall (Oxford United).
Ryan Yates (Shrewsbury Town) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Sam Long (Oxford United).

Former Torquay United winger Niall Thompson scored a hat-trick, taking his tally to five goals in his last four matches.
Les Afful was also on target for City, who move up two places to 16th in the sixth tier of English football.
Truro's last victory came on 24 September, when they won 2-1 at Wealdstone in National League South.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story!

Question: The Royal Military Police has admitted failings in its inquiry into a rape allegation at a barracks in Germany.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Cpl Anne-Marie Ellement, from Bournemouth, was found hanged in 2011 after claiming she had been raped by two Army colleagues in 2009.
Aspects of the original investigation into the alleged rape were "unacceptable", the Ministry of Defence (MoD) said.
Ex-corporals Jeremy Jones and Thomas Fulton were cleared of rape in April.
The men both insisted they had consensual sex with Ms Ellement.
An MoD statement said: "It is now clear that mistakes were made in the original investigation, including in relation to decision making.
"It is vital that we learn the lessons of these events."
In a direct apology to Cpl Ellement's family for the failings, it said: "Anne-Marie deserved better and for that the Royal Military Police apologises unreservedly to the family.
"The Royal Military Police and the wider Army pay tribute to them for the courage and determination that they have shown on behalf of Anne-Marie."
In a statement released through campaign group Liberty, which represented the family, Cpl Ellement's sister, Sharon Hardy, said: "I know that the RMP failed my sister and am glad that has finally been admitted.
"I acknowledge the apology with a heavy heart,  but it remains to be seen if they have in fact learnt any lessons."
Emma Norton, acting legal director of Liberty, said the case showed the importance of the Human Rights Act for military families.
"It was only the Human Rights Act that let Anne-Marie's sisters secure a fresh inquest, exposing the bullying she had suffered and leading to important reforms for crime victims in our armed forces," she said.
"It was only the Act that let them secure a fresh, independent rape investigation."
Cpl Ellement took her own life aged 30 at Bulford Barracks, near Salisbury, Wiltshire on 9 October 2011.

A coroner ruled bullying and the "lingering" effect of an alleged rape were factors in the suicide of Cpl Anne-Marie Ellement, 30, in 2011.
Now, ex-Cpl Thomas Fulton and ex-Cpl Jeremy Jones have each been charged with two counts of rape.
In 2009 the Service Prosecuting Authority (SPA) ruled there was not enough evidence to prosecute them.
But the director of service prosecutions, Andrew Cayley, said he has now concluded that decision was wrong.
Cpl  Ellement alleged she was raped by two soldiers during a posting in Germany in 2009.
She was found dead at Bulford Barracks in Wiltshire.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Seasoned visitors to Japan clear their throat and begin the long list of 'must-sees', the shrines and temples and gardens that you cannot miss, the Arashiyama Bamboo Grove, the Shirasagi-jo castle of Himeji, the wonders of Kinkaku-ji and Fushimi Inari-Taishon of Kyoto.

Everybody says go to Kyoto and stare in awe at the place. Nobody says go to Toyota City and walk about in the rain. Nobody says go to Toyota City full-stop.
Scotland are here though. Ahead of Saturday's opening Test against Japan, they're residing in the heart of this hot, humid, unfailingly friendly and, on Thursday, unceasingly wet industrial city - twinned with Derby - an hour and a half by Bullet train from the delights of Tokyo.
You make your own fun in Toyota City and better than most visitors, probably in modern times, Damien Hoyland did precisely that by playing, and training, his way into Vern Cotter's starting team for Saturday - his second cap for his country but his first start.
Toyota City must have seemed like some kind of trippy combination of the world's greatest cities to Hoyland, a place that he will, all going well, remember fondly until the end of time.
To listen to Hoyland's reaction to getting selected was to be reminded of the power of days like these. He spoke with emotion and pride, he called the whole thing surreal, he said that when he stops to think about what Flower of Scotland is going to be like on Saturday then he almost has to fight the tears.
This was a journey into innocence, a player speaking from the heart. And it was lovely.
Scotland are favourites to win on Saturday. It might be a different story if Japan were picking from a full deck of players, but they're not. Far from it.
Too many of the immortals of Brighton, where they beat South Africa in the World Cup, are not around right now. Too many key players missing in too many key positions.
Japan have had the heart ripped out of the team because of injury and Olympics commitments.
Ayumu Goromaru, the full-back who scored 24 points against the Springboks, is injured, as is Michael Leitch, the wonderful captain. Akihito Yamada, a prolific try-scoring wing in Super Rugby this season, is away with the national sevens team.
Male Sa'u, the centre, is also absent. Luke Thompson, the clever second-row, is not around and neither are Michael Broadhurst, the retired openside, and Fumiaki Tanaka, the brilliant, but injured, scrum-half.
Those seven all started against the South Africans. Two more, Atsushi Hiwasa, the scrum-half, and Shinya Makabe, the lock, came off the bench - and both of them are absent as well.
That's a total of 371 caps that Japan have to do without from what was the greatest day in their rugby history and one of the most remarkable days in the history of the game.
On top of that, they have lost their coaching brains-trust led by the irrepressible Eddie Jones. The Kiwi, Mark Hammett, is on stand-in head coach duty with Japan right now before his countryman, Jamie Joseph, takes the reins after the summer.
You could say that Japan are in transition right now. Scotland aren't exactly averse in getting big results away from home. It would be a surprise if they don't overcome their depleted hosts on Saturday.
Japan's wings, Mifi Poseti Paea and Yasutaka Sasakura, have just one cap apiece, won last week against Canada. Their scrum-half, Kaito Shigeno, also has just a single cap. Their outside centre, Tim Bennetts, has three caps, their second-row, Naohiro Kotaki, has five, and their openside, Shoukei Kin, has only four.
On their bench, they have four more players who have six caps or less. This is all a far cry from the glories of the World Cup, where Japan won three of their four games, the only game they lost coming against Scotland - four, brutally short, days after they beat the Springboks. In the history of the World Cup, Japan, unquestionably, are the unluckiest team not to have made the quarter-finals.
Attempting to hold things together on Saturday are the dangerous centre, Harumichi Tatekawa - Cotter singled him out for praise - backed-up by a fearsome, and experienced, front-row and a second-row featuring the remarkable Hitosho Ono, who'll win his 97th cap on Saturday at the ripe old age of 38.
In the back-row, Japan have Amanaki Mafi, a number eight who caused Scotland all sorts of problems in their World Cup meeting in Gloucester. Mafi put in a tour-de-force that day, scoring a try, running into space and making it look like Japan were about to do to Scotland what they'd previously done to South Africa.
The wheels only came off Japan's challenge when Mafi went off injured early in the second half. Cotter name-checked the number eight as well. The memory of him ripping through the heart of the Scottish defence probably causes him to wince even now.
The Gods have ensured that Japan are not the force of the autumn, but this is their first major Test match on home soil since then, so thunder is guaranteed even in the absence of so many go-to men.
That's the cautionary message from Cotter, a coach who would sooner run naked through the streets of Toyota than under-estimate the team he is plotting against.

Settled as early as the 9th Century, Mount Koya is a Unesco world heritage site in the Wakayama prefecture, just south of Osaka in Japan.
The Shingon sect of Japanese Buddhism has its headquarters there and the heavily-forested mountain is criss-crossed with a complex network of tracks and paths still used by pilgrims today.
Photographer Hugh Kinsella Cunningham followed the pilgrimage route, photographing the holy sites, ruins and contemporary graves alongside it.
He shot his series on film, hand-printing the photographs to emphasise the golden tones and mood of the mountain's unique landscape during sunrise and sunset.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Two amateur runners who provided the defining image of this year's London Marathon will be reunited at the upcoming Great Manchester Run.

Media playback is not supported on this device
Matthew Rees of Wales stopped 300 metres from the end to help Englishman David Wyeth, who was struggling with exhaustion, over the line.
"It'll be great to see David again - in happier circumstances," said Rees.
The pair will compete in the 10k event, which is broadcast live on BBC One, on Sunday, 28 May.
The two men had never met before April's London Marathon, but have communicated regularly since Rees generously stopped for Wyeth, who is from Manchester.
The pair eventually finished in two hours 52 minutes 26 seconds - with Rees losing scores of places in the race running order to come 986 in the men's overall.
Rees said he was just lending a hand to a "guy in need", but his actions drew praise from the Duke and Duchess of Cambridge and Prince Harry, race officials and many social media users.

Fresh from winning two gold medals at the Rio Olympics, he pulled away in the last mile to win the half marathon from Newcastle to South Shields.
Tens of thousands of people are taking part in the 36th annual race.
The main race was started by Olympic 800m champion David Rudisha and County Durham bronze medallist Amy Tinkler.
Live Great North Run updates.
The 13.1-mile run, has grown from 12,000 runners in 1981 to 57,000, many of whom raise money for charities.
Beginning in Newcastle, the half-marathon course finishes at South Shields and takes in iconic sights including the Tyne Bridge.
The men's wheelchair race was won by Mark Telford and the women's race by Vivian Cheruiyot.
The event also featured participants from 178 UN member states, more than any other running event in history, organisers say.
Rock bands Kaiser Chiefs and Kodaline, which has a band member taking part in the run, will perform at the inaugural "run, rock and raise" event at the Newcastle Metro Arena, with charities benefitting from the money raised.
The run completes a weekend of events including the Great North 5K, mini and junior Great North Run and the Great North City games, which took place on Tyneside on Saturday.
Earlier on Sunday morning, paralysed woman Claire Lomas who started her Great North Run on Wednesday wearing a "bionic suit" completed the route in South Shields.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article!

Question: An investment fund has bought a major stake in Learning Pool, a Londonderry-based online training company.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Learning Pool, which was founded in 2006, employs 80 people and its customers include the NHS and Capita.
The investor is Carlyle Cardinal Ireland (CCI) which is focused on small and medium Irish firms with strong growth potential, including Lily O'Brien's chocolates and Payzone.
The Learning Pool deal is CCI's first in Northern Ireland.
The investment will help the firm to grow its team and develop new products.
The size of the deal has not been revealed but is understood to be a seven-figure sum..
Fast track
The fund usually makes investments of between 5m euros (Â£4m) and 50m euros (Â£40m).
Learning Pool's existing management team, including the chief executive Paul McElvaney, will continue in their current roles and are investing further as shareholders in the business.
Mr McElvaney, who founded the business and was the majority shareholder, said the investment will allow the firm to "fast track" its growth and deliver products more quickly.
Jonathan Cosgrave, managing director, at the Carlyle Group said Learning Pool is well positioned to grow its share of the estimated Â£675m UK e-learning market.
He added that the fund had been impressed by Learning Pool's "entrepreneurial leadership team."
John Dolan, managing director, Cardinal Capital Group said the e-learning market is growing at over 10% per year and Learning Pool is "ideally placed to meet this demand".

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

ActiveQuote's software provides information on specialist health and protection insurance products.
It has won four contracts to operate price comparison sites on behalf of online businesses, such as uSwitch.
The Welsh government will provide Â£600,000 to back the firm.
It was established by Dr Richard Theo who has a PhD in computer networks from Cardiff University.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: On the floor of this year's New York International Auto Show, a curious thing happened.

The stand-out stars - sparkling Bugattis and sleek Maseratis - were completely ignored, as packs of journalists descended on a tiny booth that could barely fit two small cars.
It was like seeing the football star and head cheerleader sidelined on the dance floor at a prom, in favour of a member of the class of, well, 1992.
Alfa Romeo, Italian maker of the iconic Spider coupe immortalised by Dustin Hoffman in the classic 1967 film The Graduate, was making its return to US shores after a near 20-year absence.
Now controlled by Fiat Chrysler, the firm is planning on dipping its toe into the US market once more, with its two-seater 4C sports car - which has been available in Europe since earlier this year.
Sleek and low to the ground, Alfa Romeo's 4C is meant to compete against Porsche's Boxster and Audi's TT. With a mostly carbon fibre shell, it can go from zero to 60 miles per hour in just over four seconds.
But in a car show - and car market - already full with nostalgia, can Alfa Romeo's attempt to capitalise on its brand history work in the US?
Alfa Romeo left the US in the mid-1990s, after it struggled to compete with just a few luxury models in a market filled with big players that could offer a range of cars to consumers.
Owned by Fiat since 1986, its return to the US market has been discussed since 2000, but it is only under Fiat Chrysler chief executive Sergio Marchionne that those discussions gained real traction.
It's a return that some say the brand badly needs.
"Alfa needs to play here - they really need to expand their volumes and begin to payoff the product development that's come from Fiat," says senior analyst Bill Visnic, from automotive information site Edmunds.com.
"It's difficult to call yourself a legitimate luxury brand and not be playing in the US market."
Mr Visnic added that the merger between Fiat and Chrysler could benefit Alfa Romeo, because it gives the brand access to Fiat and Chrysler car dealerships throughout the US.
Yet despite the large degree of interest - both from analysts and fans of the brand who have been clamouring for a return - the launch here was decidedly low key.
Alfa Romeo only introduced one car - even though most industry watchers agree it will need more than one model to make an impact.
Jiyan Cadiz, a spokesperson for Alfa Romeo, told the BBC that only 500 4C Launch Edition cars would be available to buyers over the summer, priced at about $70,000 (Â£42,000). The company says it expects to sell just under a thousand regular 4C models, at a base price of $54,000, by the end of this year.
However, Mr Cadiz added: "We do have more products to come - know that we wouldn't start now unless we were truly ready."
Many would-be buyers are desperate to find out more.
Dino Pappous is the president of the New York chapter of Alfa Romeo owners in the US. He owns two Alfas and loves the brand so much that he's busy organising the 2015 gathering of US Alfa owners (dubbed "Alfamiglia Nord Est").
"It's a car that attracts attention for the right reasons - it's subtle and unique - I would never buy a Porsche because it's like you're following the herd," he says.
He says he'd like to buy another Alfa - if he knew where to get one.
"It's not well advertised where to go to put a deposit or even where they are being sold," he says, adding that lack of customer service conjured up memories from Alfa's earlier US incarnation.
"Their commitment from a customer service level was brutal [in the 1990s] - if they don't get it right this time they're going to have a bad outcome again," he says.
Alfa Romeo faces another challenge too.
While the rebounding US economy has made it more attractive for brands like Alfa to re-enter the US market, it also has lured big players to once again invest in burnishing their so-called "halo cars", meant to build a brand following.
Ford celebrated the 50th anniversary of the release of its iconic Mustang "pony" car by re-creating a stunt it pulled in 1964 - putting it on the top of New York's Empire State building - and releasing 1,964 limited edition models.
Even Mazda, not a brand known for its long US lineage, got in on the nostalgia game by celebrating the 25th anniversary of its tiny MX-5 Miata convertible.
"It does seem like this year in particular it's a little heavy on heritage," said Mr Visnic.
But, he adds, there's a reason for that: "People know what a Mustang is - you can't buy that [brand recognition]," he says.
"It's what all car companies hope to establish but for the vast majority of products, it never really quite happens - nothing gets legendary anymore, so when you do catch the lightning in a bottle it means a lot to a brand."
But lightning rarely strikes the same place twice.
Alfa Romeo hopes to be the exception.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Here's our selection of some of the sights from the four-day festival, which runs until Sunday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Welsh Domestic rugby's biggest day of the season will see more than 55,000 spectators at the Principality Stadium for Judgement Day V.

It's a last chance for players to impress British and Irish Lions selectors before coach Warren Gatland names his squad on 19 April.
And with all four regions in action, Wales summer tour coach Robin McBryde has said performances could have a major impact on squad selection.
So what's at stake and who can impress the selectors? Here's a quick guide to the two matches.
There is more hanging on this one for third-placed Ospreys than the Blues.
The Swansea-based region were looking safe in the Pro12 play-off places until losing their last two matches away at bottom club Treviso and at home against leaders Leinster.
The 11 point buffer they enjoyed over the team in fifth-place before those results is now down to two, with Ulster and Scarlets breathing down their necks.
Ospreys' two remaining matches after Saturday are against their main play-off rivals so they need a win to keep control of their own fate.
At least Steve Tandy's men don't have to worry about European qualification, having already secured a place in the 2017-18 European Champions Cup.
Cardiff Blues will face a play-off for a place in European rugby's top flight - even if they overtake sixth-placed Glasgow Warriors.
Qualifying rules mean at least one team from each of the five participating countries qualifies, so Glasgow will take Scotland's place with Edinburgh marooned in ninth place.
Revenge and pride may be motivating factors for Danny Wilson's team after they were thrashed by Ospreys in their previous meeting this season.
Previous meeting: Ospreys 46-24 Cardiff Blues, 7 October
Last season: Cardiff Blues 27-40 Ospreys
Lions watch: With Dan Biggar sidelined keep an eye on Rhys Webb and Justin Tipuric of the Ospreys. With Sam Warburton out of action, it's difficult to see any of Saturday's Blues line up making the trip.
Wales tour bolters: Olly Cracknell of the Ospreys and Blues wing Rhun Williams.
Scarlets are hot on the heels of Ospreys and will overtake their west Wales rivals if they beat the struggling Dragons and Ospreys slip-up against the Blues.
Dragons make a habit of playing well against their Welsh rivals, however, and could have won at Parc y Scarlets earlier this season.
But current form suggests another win for Wayne Pivac's team as they strive for a place in the end-of-season play-offs by securing a top-four finish.
With a difficult trip to Connacht and a final day showdown at home against Ospreys to come, Scarlets would like to get the points in the bag.
Kingsley Jones' Dragons have lost nine consecutive matches, culminating in Saturday's 29-14 defeat by Zebre in Parma.
They can finish ninth in the table, but will have an anxious eye on Zebre who are just two points behind them in 11th place.
Previous meeting: Scarlets 31-27 NG Dragons, 8 October
Last season: NG Dragons 20-34 Scarlets
Lions watch: Plenty to watch in the Scarlets line-up. Jonathan Davies, Scott Williams, John Barclay, Ken Owens, Liam Williams and Rob Evans are potential candidates.
Wales tour bolters: Rhys Patchell, James Davies and Steff Evans for Scarlets. Cory Hill for the Dragons.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

The company, which took over naming rights of the former Millennium Stadium in January 2016 on a 10-year deal, will then cease to sponsor the competition.
That will bring an end to 13 seasons supporting the semi-pro league.
However, next season Principality will enter a new agreement putting its name to the WRU National Youth Leagues.
Welsh Rugby Union chief executive Martyn Phillips said: "Everyone involved in Welsh rugby's semi-professional league will be delighted by the prospect of another year of Principality Premiership action and, perhaps even more significantly, we welcome Principality Building Society on board as the new title sponsors of the WRU National Youth Leagues.
"Principality's commitment to Welsh rugby plays a vital role in helping us to safeguard the future of our national game and their direct interest in the grass roots and community end of the game is particularly significant."
This season's competition reaches its peak this weekend, when Aberavon face Merthyr in the 2017 Principality Premiership final at the Talbot Athletic Ground on Sunday, 21 May (ko 1530 BST).
The Tier Two final between Neath and Newport takes place at the Gnoll on Saturday night (ko 1930 BST).


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A new advisory panel will examine ways Stormont can help deal with the high energy costs faced by manufacturing companies in Northern Ireland.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

It comes after Ballymena's Michelin tyre plant announced it would close in 2018 with the loss of 860 jobs.
Michelin and other large businesses in Northern Ireland have long warned about the impact of high energy costs.
However, news of the closure was blamed on a decrease in demand for truck tyres in Europe since the financial crisis.
Enterprise Minister Jonathan Bell said he wants the panel to deliver proposals by the end of next February.
But he said his response would be limited by wholesale energy costs, which are set by  global markets.
The minister recently met the Utility Regulator and System Operator Northern Ireland to discuss if "market reform" would help.
However, he said: "Taking costs off one group means increasing them for others and we currently have the highest level of fuel poverty in the UK.
"I do not want anyone to think there is a quick fix."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Hospitality Ulster, formerly known as Pubs of Ulster, said growth could take job numbers to 50,000 in the sector.
The organisation represents pubs, restaurants and hotels.
It is setting up an advisory panel "to work with government" to develop the industry in Northern Ireland.
"Despite the loss of jobs during the downturn and sluggish growth recently, we have the opportunity to improve upon a sector which has promise," its chief executive Colin Neill said.
Research conducted by Oxford Economics in May said the hospitality sector makes a £1.2bn annual contribution to the Northern Ireland economy.


Question: Lord Browne, the former chief executive of BP, knows all about fraught relationships with the government and the public.

His new oil business, Letter One, fell foul of official intervention earlier this year when the then energy secretary, Ed Davey, blocked the purchase of 12 North Sea gas fields.
Letter One, of which Lord Browne is executive chairman, is backed by Mikhail Fridman, a Russian billionaire.
The government was concerned that sanctions against Russia over the conflict in Ukraine could affect the operations of the North Sea fields.
At first, Letter One said it would fight the ruling. But, Lord Browne tells me, they have now decided that good relations with governments - any governments - are more important than technical battles over legal rights.
Letter One has now agreed to sell the North Sea fields.
"Whether we agree with [the government's decision] or not, they are the government, we want to have good relationships with them and we need to know our place in the world and we do," he tells me.
Lord Browne is making a wider point. Businesses, he argues, should better understand that their role is to serve society.
Not run it.
His new book, Connect, says that only by rethinking how they engage with society can businesses hope to tackle the collapse in public trust that followed the financial crisis.
If they don't, Lord Browne warns, the precarious relationship between wider society and the business community can only deteriorate.
"It is more and more dangerous," he says of the present situation.
"A lot of my colleagues in business say: 'Well, it's cycles, they come and they go - bankers are hated and then they are loved, people in social media are loved today, they will be hated tomorrow, life goes on.'
"But life goes on at a far faster rate than it used to, companies can disappear when their reservoir of trust is depleted, companies can be wounded many, many times over.
"Getting it right is more important now because the information moves very quickly around the world.
"The single most important thing is [that businesses] know what their role is.
"Businesses aren't governments, businesses aren't people who should push others around.
"Businesses are there to co-operate, to work with society. Businesses have to be engaged very radically with everybody who is affected by them - [and] tell the truth."
In his book, Lord Browne says that many business leaders understand that they need to take a different approach, but still do not change.
The grind of quarterly reporting means it is easier to carry on with business as usual - and slap the false gloss of "corporate social responsibility" on top.
You can, of course, put lipstick on a pig, but it's still a pig.
"One of the props that people have relied upon is corporate social responsibility, and that's allowed a lot of companies to detach the activity of communicating and being involved with stakeholders almost into a side-pocket," Lord Browne says.
"And saying: it's all very nice and meanwhile we'll carry on the business in the way we've always done it.
"We have to integrate those two things, and that's why I think CSR, while it had some interesting positive effects early on, has I think become a rather negative problem, which takes away the substance of being involved with your stakeholders."
So, is it time to retire those worthy tomes printed on recycled paper and call an end to CSR?
"It should be dead," Lord Browne replies, laughing. He argues that up to 30% of a company's value "could be at risk" if it fails to engage properly with the public.
"This is not just to go 'hug another person' or say nice things. It is actually to do the business better. And by doing this well you can actually make more money," he says.
Now, Lord Browne was a very highly paid executive when he led BP.
And many argue that multi-million pound pay packages for chief executives at a time when many people are struggling through an era of low or even negative wage inflation make it difficult for public trust to be regained.
On executive pay, Lord Browne says: "things need to be made simple and explained better and the level needs to be thought through as fit and proper for the job".
"A lot of people don't begrudge large amounts of money for people who create something themselves," he argues.
"The public recognise that if you create something you should be rewarded for it. Being in a position where you just rise with the tide, then it gets a very negative result."
I ask Lord Browne about the oil price and its effect on the North Sea.
He says that a long career in the sector makes him wary of making any predictions, but at the moment the low-price cycle appears to be here to say.
"The fact is there is an awful lot of oil around - the revolution of technology that produced a lot of light, tight oil - so-called shale oil - in the US, the coming back into the world markets of Iran and Opec's determination to keep producing at maximum rate.
"Equally, demand is relatively weak. So, this is not a one-minute wonder. It will take a few years to come back into balance."
And that makes business in the North Sea ever harder?
"The North Sea is a very high-cost producing area, so the lower the price the worse the future," Lord Browne says.
"There is less margin available and more money needs to be set aside to abandon all the old facilities and pipelines that are no longer needed, so it is not a very attractive place to do business.
"But equally I would say this. When the North Sea started in the mid-seventies its lifetime was determined as 25 years.
"So, we are 15 years into overtime at the moment and that is a pretty good run."

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

E.g. ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'There has been debate about whether giving steroids would help women who have lost multiple pregnancies.\nUniversity of Warwick researchers say they have now shown how low steroid levels lead to some miscarriages.\nExperts said identifying the right women for treatment would be key, as steroids may make the problem worse.\nMore than one in seven pregnancies end in miscarriage.\nMany women will successfully have a baby at the next attempt, but recurrent miscarriage - losing three or more pregnancies in a row - affects one in 100 in the UK.\nProf Siobhan Quenby from the University of Warwick said: "It causes incredible psychological distress and anguish.\n"The routine advice in the UK is if blood tests identify no cause then there\'s no treatment, that\'s terribly unacceptable to patients."\nThe scientific debate centred around a part of the immune system called NK cells, which appear in higher levels in the wombs of some women who miscarry.\nThere were suggestions steroids could help these women and yet it was not clear how NK cells could cause a miscarriage and they were known to be important for an embryo to implant in the womb.\nThe idea was not fully tested in large clinical trials.\nNow researchers publishing in The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism, believe that the NK cells are merely a marker of something more serious happening in the womb lining.\nTests suggest that low steroid levels make the womb itself less likely to accept an embryo and damage the way it nourishes a foetus that does implant. These processes in turn lead to higher NK cell levels.\nProf Quenby said: "This work is really exciting because after years of controversy and doubt, we have a crucial breakthrough."\nShe said up to one in three women had high NK levels and is now calling for a clinical trial to test whether steroids would help them.\nIn the meantime she said women should not be buying steroids in an attempt to treat themselves, as too much could also lead to miscarriage.\n"It is really important women do not go out and take steroids, they might be in the category when it will do more harm."\nNick Macklon, a professor of gynaecology and obstetrics at the University of Southampton, said the field was lacking understanding of what was happening in miscarriage.\nHe told the BBC: "This is a crucial breakthrough in the understanding of recurrent miscarriage, it\'s the gateway to the clinical trial.\n"But what this shows is that steroids shouldn\'t be given to all, we need to be sure that is the problem in women before they\'re given."'] == ['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Fertility scientists say they have made a "crucial breakthrough" in understanding why some women have repeated miscarriages.']

That's the view of some current and former shareholders who tell me that not only would Barclays suffer if the US boss was pushed out during his so-far successful turnaround of the 360-year-old bank but also, weakening the UK's last major investment bank would be bad for the entire UK financial landscape.
Jes Staley is under investigation by authorities for twice trying to identify the author of a letter raising questions about Staley's decision to recruit an old colleague from his JP Morgan days who had been through personal issues that had led to "erratic behaviour". You can read more about the circumstances surrounding that episode here.
The Staley case is seen as an early and important test of new rules governing the conduct of senior managers designed to improve behaviour, accountability and culture. Those new rules are clear that whistleblowers should be protected as they are a valuable source of information on potential wrongdoing.
Barclays was the poster child for failings in these areas under another US boss, Bob Diamond, who was ousted after losing the support of the Bank of England after a series of scandals - including the rigging of key financial benchmarks.
One City source told me - "replacing Jes Staley with another FCA-approved (the regulator) apparatchik would be a disaster".
That's a reference to "Saint" Antony Jenkins - a mild mannered man from the quiet world of retail banking - who was brought in after Bob Diamond as an antidote to the buccaneering, risk-taking and rule bending of the Diamond era. He had the blessing of the Bank of England but he was subsequently sacked for failing to improve the bank's financial performance fast enough.
The board - and in particular, the chairman, John McFarlane - would like to keep Staley. Without an investment banker at the helm, the UK's last surviving big investment bank would lose the momentum it has started to regain according to some shareholders.
The Financial Conduct and Prudential Regulation authorities will examine the case and their findings will ultimately determine whether Staley can stay.
But as things stand, I'm told the board of Barclays looks unlikely to make Staley jump before it is pushed.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.
------
E.g. ['Represent', "Jack Thorne is to write the BBC TV adaptation of author Philip Pullman's epic trilogy of fantasy novels His Dark Materials."] == ['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Thorne, who was recently nominated for three Bafta TV Awards, has also written the forthcoming play Harry Potter and the Cursed Child.\nThe writer said taking on the project was an "honour and privilege".\n"The His Dark Materials trilogy are vast and glorious books full of beautiful characters," he added.\n"I\'m going to work as hard as I can to try and do justice to them."\nThe trilogy, partly set in a parallel universe, tells the story of a girl called Lyra who embarks on a quest to understand a mysterious phenomenon called Dust.\nThe books have been published in more than 40 languages and have sold almost 17.5 million copies worldwide.\nThe first novel, Northern Lights, was made into a 2007 feature film entitled The Golden Compass, starring Daniel Craig and Nicole Kidman.\nPullman said he was "delighted" to welcome Jack Thorne as writer.\n"Jack is a writer of formidable energy and range, and I\'ve greatly enjoyed talking to him and learning about his plans for bringing His Dark Materials to the screen," he added.\n"I\'m certain he\'ll do a superb job and I look forward to seeing the whole project develop as he shapes the story."\nThorne is establishing himself as one of Britain\'s most sought-after writers.  His credits include three of the This Is England series and the TV fantasy mini-series The Fades.\nHis plays include Mydidae, The Solid Life of Sugar Water and the stage adaptation of Let the Right One In.\nHe won best British newcomer at the London Film Festival for his first film The Scouting Book For Boys.\nAnd last week Thorne\'s work was nominated for TV Baftas for best drama series -  for The Last Panthers  - best miniseries - for This is England \'90 - and best single drama - for Don\'t Take My Baby.\nHis is currently working on a four-part miniseries for Channel 4 called National Treasure, starring Robbie Coltrane, Julie Walters and Andrea Riseborough.\nThe cast of His Dark Materials is yet to be revealed, but filming will take place in Wales.'] != ['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', "16 February 2017 Last updated at 07:51 GMT\nThe new trilogy is called The Book of Dust and the first novel will come out in October.\nNewsround caught up with some of the author's fans to hear why they love his books and what they're looking forward to in the new trilogy."]

Question: Japan's Prime Minister Shinzo Abe gave money to a controversial nationalist school, its head told parliament, amid an escalating political scandal.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Yasunori Kagoike said the donation had been passed to him by Mr Abe's wife, in testimony that contradicted Mr Abe's repeated denials.
The school is under fire both for its proposed curriculum and the low price it paid for state-owned land.
The scandal has gripped the nation and hit Mr Abe's approval ratings.
Mr Kagoike's testimony to parliament was broadcast live on several Japanese television networks.
At the heart of the controversy is a primary school that he planned to build in Osaka, Japan's second city.
Mr Kagoike already runs a kindergarten that has come under scrutiny for drilling its young charges in pre-war nationalistic principles and patriotism.
His organisation, Moritomo Gakuen, bought land to build a primary school run on a similar curriculum but Japanese media say he paid less than a sixth of the land's value.
Critics allege the government intervened to award the school a large discount. The government says the discount related to industrial waste found on the site.
Mr Abe's wife, Akie, was named as honorary principal of the school for several months before resigning in February.
But the prime minister, regarded by many as a right-wing hawk with a revisionist view of Japan's war history, has denied any role in the land deal and offered to resign if any proof emerged.
Mr Abe has also denied donating money to the school, though it would not have been illegal.
Lawmakers summoned Mr Kagoike to parliament for questioning after he said last week he had received money from the prime minister via his wife in 2015.
He told parliament he clearly remembered the occasion: "She asked her aide to step outside.
"When it was just the two of us alone in the room, she said 'This is from Shinzo Abe' and gave me an envelope containing 1m yen [Â£7,200; $8,980) as a donation.
"I have heard Madame Akie has [recently] said she absolutely does not remember it. But for us, it was such an honour and I remember it very well."
Asked about the land deal, he said: "My understanding is that political involvement probably took place regarding the acquisition of state-owned land."
Responding to the testimony, Chief Cabinet Secretary Yoshihide Suga rejected Mr Kagoike's allegations: "Following our checks with Ms Akie [Abe], there are no records of any receipts, and Ms Akie herself has not made any donations.
"That continues to be our understanding and is unchanged."
Mr Abe's polling figures have fallen as the scandal has rumbled on. However, the most recent poll, in the Yomiuri newspaper, put support for him at a still-healthy 56%, down 10%.

Kazuya Maruyama from Mr Abe's ruling party made the remark on Wednesday during a parliamentary session.
Mr Abe said that as elected representatives of the people MPs should have "self-discipline".
Mr Obama is the son of a white mother and a black Kenyan father who went to the US as a student.
Mr Maruyama made the comment while discussing the evolution  of the US  into a world superpower.
"Now in the United States, a black man serves as president. With the blood of black people. This means slaves, to be clear."
He added later: "It was unthinkable at the founding of the country that a black man, a slave could become president. That's how dynamically America has evolved."
Mr Maruyama later apologised when approached by reporters asking about his comments.
But opposition lawmakers complained and on Thursday submitted a resolution calling for him to resign.
On Friday, Mr Abe fielded questions from the opposition about Mr Maruyama and answered: "We should be more conscious that we have been elected by the people. Self-discipline is required as our remarks have influence."
The furore is just the latest to involve lawmakers from Mr Abe's Liberal Democratic Party in recent weeks.
Last week Kensuke Miyazaki quit his post after admitting to having an affair as his wife was due to give birth. The MP had earlier shot to prominence by becoming the first to request paternity leave.
In January, economy minister Akira Amari resigned amid allegations that he had received bribes from a construction company, which he denied.