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Question: A chronology of key events

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1st century AD - The Romans gain control of the area, populated by a people known as Dardani, who are thought to be either Illyrian or Thracian in origin.
6th century - Slavs begin to settle in the area, which slips from Roman/Byzantine control and becomes a disputed border area.
12th century - Serbia gains control of Kosovo, which goes on to become the heart of the Serbian empire. The period sees the building of many Serbian Orthodox churches and monasteries.
1389 28 June - Epic Battle of Kosovo heralds 500 years of Turkish Ottoman rule. Over the ensuing decades many Christian Serbs leave the region. Over the centuries the religious and ethnic balance tips in favour of Muslims and Albanians.
1689-90 - Austrian invasion is repelled.
1912 - Balkan Wars: Serbia regains control of Kosovo from the Turks, recognised by 1913 Treaty of London.
1918 - Kosovo becomes part of the kingdom of Serbia.
1941 - World War II: Much of Kosovo becomes part of an Italian-controlled greater Albania.
1946 - Kosovo is absorbed into the Yugoslav federation.
1960s - Belgrade shows increasing tolerance for Kosovan autonomy.
1974 - Yugoslav constitution recognises the autonomous status of Kosovo, giving the province de facto self-government.
1981 - Troops suppress separatist rioting in the province.
Ethnic Albanians waged an armed struggle for independence
Analysis: The KLA's armed struggle
1987 - In a key moment in his rise to power, future president Slobodan Milosevic rallies a crowd of Kosovo Serbs, who are protesting against alleged harassment by the majority Albanian community.
1989 - Yugoslav President Slobodan Milosevic proceeds to strip rights of autonomy laid down in the 1974 constitution.
1990 July - Ethnic Albanian leaders declare independence from Serbia. Belgrade dissolves the Kosovo government.
1990 September - Sacking of more than 100,000 ethnic Albanian workers, including government employees and media workers, prompts general strike.
1991 - Slovenia, Croatia and Bosnia break away from Yugoslavia and declare their independence.
1992 July - An academic, Ibrahim Rugova, is elected president of the self-proclaimed republic.
1993-97 - Ethnic tension and armed unrest escalate.
1998 March-September - Open conflict between Serb police and separatist Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA). Serb forces launch a brutal crackdown. Civilians are driven from their homes.
1998 September - Nato gives an ultimatum to President Milosevic to halt the crackdown on Kosovo Albanians.
1999 March - Internationally-brokered peace talks fail.
Nato launches air strikes against Yugoslavia lasting 78 days before Belgrade yields.
Hundreds of thousands of Kosovo Albanian refugees pour into neighbouring countries, telling of massacres and forced expulsions which followed the start of the Nato campaign.
1999 June - President Milosevic agrees to withdraw troops from Kosovo. Nato calls off air strikes. The UN sets up a Kosovo Peace Implementation Force (Kfor) and Nato forces arrive in the province. The KLA agrees to disarm. Serb civilians flee revenge attacks.
2002 February - Ibrahim Rugova is elected as president by the Kosovan parliament after ethnic Albanian parties reach a power-sharing deal. Bajram Rexhepi becomes prime minister.
2003 October - First direct talks between Serbian and Kosovo Albanian leaders since 1999.
2003 December - UN sets out conditions for final status talks in 2005.
2004 March - Nineteen people are killed in the worst clashes between Serbs and ethnic Albanians since 1999. The violence started in the divided town of Mitrovica.
Iconic leader fought for independence
Obituary: Ibrahim Rugova
2004 October - President Rugova's pro-independence Democratic League tops poll in general election, winning 47 seats in 120-seat parliament. Poll is boycotted by Serbs.
2004 December - Parliament re-elects President Rugova and elects former rebel commander Ramush Haradinaj as prime minister. Mr Haradinaj's party had entered into a coalition with the president's Democratic League.
2005 March - Mr Haradinaj indicted to face UN war crimes tribunal in The Hague, resigns as prime minister. He is succeeded by Bajram Kosumi.
President Rugova unhurt when explosion rocks convoy of vehicles in which he is travelling through Pristina.
2005 July - Nearly-simultaneous blasts go off near UN, OSCE and Kosovo parliament buildings in Pristina. No-one is hurt.
2006 January - President Rugova dies in Pristina after losing his battle with lung cancer. He is succeeded in February by Fatmir Sejdiu.
2006 February - UN-sponsored talks on the future status of Kosovo begin.
2006 July - First direct talks since 1999 between ethnic Serbian and Kosovan leaders on future status of Kosovo take place in Vienna.
2006 October - Voters in a referendum in Serbia approve a new constitution which declares that Kosovo an integral part of the country. Kosovo's Albanian majority boycotts the ballot and UN-sponsored talks on the future of the disputed province continue.
2007 February - United Nations envoy Martti Ahtisaari unveils a plan to set Kosovo on a path to independence, which is immediately welcomed by Kosovo Albanians and rejected by Serbia.
2007 July - US and European Union redraft UN resolution to drop promise of independence at Russian insistence, replacing it with pledge to review situation if there is no breakthrough after four proposed months of talks with Serbia.
2007 November - Hashim Thaci emerges as winner in general elections.
2008 February - Kosovo declares independence. Serbia says declaration illegal. Europe's major powers and the United States recognise independence.
2008 March - Serb opponents of independence seize a UN courthouse in Mitrovica, and more than 100 people are injured in subsequent clashes with UN and NATO forces. A UN police officer is killed.
2008 April - Parliament adopts new constitution.
2008 June - A new constitution transfers power to majority ethnic Albanian government after nine years of UN rule. Kosovo Serbs set up their own rival assembly in Mitrovica.
Mitrovica is a focal point of Kosovo's ethnic divide
Kosovo lives: Albanian in Mitrovica
2008 October - The UN General Assembly votes to refer Kosovo's independence declaration to the International Court of Justice.
2008 December - European Union mission (Eulex) takes over police, justice and customs services from the UN. Serbia accepts the EU mission.
2009 January - New multi-ethnic Kosovo Security Force launched under NATO supervision, replacing a unit dominated by veterans of independence campaign against Serbia.
2009 February - UN war crimes tribunal in the Hague acquits former Serbian President Milan Milutinovic of charges that he ordered a campaign of terror against Kosovo Albanians in the 1990s.
2009 August - Ethnic clashes break out in Mitrovica.
2009 November - First post-independence local elections.
2010 July - The Hague War Crimes Tribunal orders new trial for former PM Ramush Haradinaj and two other ex-members of the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) on charges of war crimes, saying that an earlier trial was marred by witness intimidation.
The International Court of Justice rules that Kosovo's declaration of independence from Serbia in 2008 was not illegal under international law, in response to a complaint from Serbia that it had violated its territorial integrity.
2010 September - President Fatmir Sejdiu resigns after court rules that he breached the constitution by staying in a party post while in office.
2010 December - PM Hashim Thaci's Democratic Party of Kosovo (PDK) wins narrow majority in an early parliamentary election called when Fatmir Sejdiu's Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) pulls out of the governing coalition.
Council of Europe publishes report alleging that Kosovo Liberation Army rebels then led by Mr Thaci were involved in organ trafficking and other crimes after 1999 conflict with Serbia. Mr Thaci rejects the allegations.
2011 February - Kosovo-Swiss tycoon Behgjet Pacolli becomes president after winning narrow majority in third round of voting in parliament. Hashim Thaci is re-appointed as prime minister.
2011 March - Serbia and Kosovo begin direct talks to try end their dispute - their first talks since Kosovo broke away from Serbia.
President Pacolli steps down after the high court rules parliament had not been in quorum during his election. Parliament elects senior police officer Atifete Jahjaga to be Kosovo's first female president in April.
2011 July-October - Violence as Serbs resist efforts of Kosovo government to impose its authority.
2011 December - Kosovo and Serbia reach agreement on regulating border crossings.
2012 September - The group of 23 EU countries, the US and Turkey overseeing Kosovo since 2008 end its supervisory role over the government, although Nato-led peacekeepers and EU rule-of-law monitors remain.
2012 October - Kosovo Prime Minister Hashim Thaci and his Serbian counterpart Ivica Dacic meet in Brussels for the first direct political contact between the two governments since Kosovo proclaimed independence in 2008.
EU auditors say the EU police mission in Kosovo is inefficient and Kosovo itself remains plagued by organised crime and corruption.
2012 November - Former PM Ramush Haradinaj is acquitted for a second time by the Hague War Crimes Tribunal.
2013 January - EU-mediated talks resume between Kosovo and Serbia days after parliament in Belgrade approves support for minority Serb rights within Kosovo.
2013 April - Kosovo and Serbia reach a landmark agreement on normalising relations that grants a high degree of autonomy to Serb-majority areas in northern, while both sides agree not to block each other's efforts to seek EU membership.
2013 June - The EU gives the green light to the opening of talks with Kosovo on an association agreement.
2013 November - The Kosovo government holds the first local elections supported by Serbia since the 2008 declaration of independence, but a re-run is ordered in ethnic Serb areas after masked men damage ballot boxes.
2014 February - A war crimes court in Serbia finds nine members of a paramilitary unit guilty of killing more than 100 ethnic Albanian civilians during the conflict in Kosovo fifteen years ago.
2014 May - Early election called for June after a plan to create a 5,000-strong national army stalls due to a boycott of parliamentary proceedings by Serb-minority MPs.
2014 June - Parliamentary elections give inconclusive result that leads to six months of political deadlock.
2015 June - Former PM and wartime commander Ramush Haradinaj is briefly detained in the Slovene capital Ljubljana on the basis of a 2006 Interpol arrest warrant issued at the request of Serbia.
2017 January - Row as Serbia launches new train service between Belgrade and northern Kosovo with the slogan "Kosovo is Serbian" painted on it in twenty languages.

Here is the story of the two countries' entangled history, told through pictures.


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Question: Pakistani schoolgirl campaigner Malala Yousafzai has received the Nobel Peace Prize, one of the world's most respected awards, at a ceremony in Oslo, Norway.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article
For example, ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The capital\'s airport is situated on the north side about six miles outside the capital. But on the iOS 6 map application its position is given as a farm in Dundrum, three miles south of the city.\nAirfield is a 35-acre estate which sits in the Irish Justice Minister Alan Shatter\'s constituency.\nThe error led him to issue a statement.\n"I know on occasion mistakes can be made and I am surprised to discover that Airfield has, in Apple\'s new operating system iOS 6 maps application, been designated with the image of an aircraft," he said.\n"Airfield, a 35-acre estate with working farm, formal gardens and cafe is of course a famous and immensely popular, important local amenity.\n"Clearly the designation is not only wrong but is dangerously misleading in that it could result in a pilot, unfamiliar with the area,  in an emergency situation and without other available information, attempting a landing.\n"I have arranged that Apple be informed of the error and requested that it be urgently corrected.\n"In context of Airfield there are a variety of possible alternative images that could be utilised such a cow, a goat, a sheep, a flower or any indeed other type of plant as Airfield operates a nursery.\n"An aircraft is an entirely inappropriate flight of imagination."\nDublin Airport later took to Twitter to reassure its followers.\n"Just in case anybody is confused Dublin Airport is not moving to the southside. #mapfail," it tweeted.\nAnd Apple has not just been confusing airports. It has also misplaced the city\'s zoo.\nIt is situated in the grounds of Phoenix Park in the west of the city but the company\'s mapping mistake means it is showing up in Temple Bar - an enclave in the city centre, full of bars and nightclubs.\nSome jokers have asked if anyone would notice the difference between the party animals and the inhabitants of the zoo.\nMany users in the Republic of Ireland and further afield have failed to see the funny side.\nThey\'ve taken to Facebook, Twitter, Tumblr and other social media networks to mock the failings of the mapping application.\nApple said it appreciated all the customer feedback it was receiving about the app and would work hard to improve it.\nThe company decided to develop its own mapping software after deciding it no longer wanted to use Google\'s equivalent.\nApple\'s own system has been created using data from navigation firm TomTom and others.\nIn a statement, Apple spokeswoman Trudy Muller said the launch of Apple Maps was a major undertaking for the firm.'] should be similar to ['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', "A technical glitch on Apple's mapping software led to some confusion as to where Dublin airport is located."]

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10 December 2014 Last updated at 15:34 GMT
She has been recognised for her hard work promoting the right for girls to have an education.
Malala won it jointly with Indian child rights activist Kailash Satyarthi.
The prize judges described both winners as "champions of peace".

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They were recognised for their "non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work".
Mrs Sirleaf is Africa's first female elected head of state, Ms Gbowee is a Liberian peace activist and Ms Karman is a leading figure in Yemen's pro-democracy movement.
"We cannot achieve democracy and lasting peace in the world unless women achieve the same opportunities as men to influence developments at all levels of society," said Nobel Committee chairman Thorbjorn Jagland in Oslo.
Reading from the prize citation, he said the committee hoped the prize would "help to bring an end to the suppression of women that still occurs in many countries, and to realise the great potential for democracy and peace that women can represent".
German Chancellor Angela Merkel - deemed by Forbes the world's most powerful woman - called the award a "wise decision".
But Mrs Sirleaf's main rival in polls this coming Tuesday, Winston Tubman, told the BBC she did not deserve the prize and was a "warmonger".
Mrs Karman heard of her win from protest camp Change Square in the capital Sanaa, where she has been living for several months calling for President Ali Abdullah Saleh to stand down.
She was recognised for playing a leading part in the struggle for women's rights in Yemen's pro-democracy protests "in the most trying circumstances" and is the first Arab woman to win the prize.
As the head of Yemeni organisation Women Journalists without Chains, Mrs Karman has been jailed several times.
Mrs Karman told BBC Arabic she was dedicating it to "all the martyrs and wounded of the Arab Spring" - the wave of unrest which has swept the Middle East and North Africa in the past year - and to "all the free people who are fighting for their rights".
Mr Jagland said the oppression of women was "the most important issue" in the Arab world and that awarding the prize to Ms Karman was "giving the signal that if it [the Arab Spring] is to succeed with efforts to make democracy, it has to include women".
Mrs Sirleaf, 72, who had been widely tipped as a winner, said the award was "for all Liberian people" and a recognition of "many years of struggle for justice".
She was elected in 2005, following the end of Liberia's bloody and ruinous 14-year civil war.
Upon coming to office, the US-educated economist and former finance minister - known as Liberia's "Iron Lady" - pledged to fight corruption and bring "motherly sensitivity and emotion to the presidency".
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf - President of Liberia
Tawakul Karman - Yemeni pro-democracy activist
Leymah Gbowee - Liberian peace activist
Profile: Ellen Johnson Sirleaf
Profile: Leymah Gbowee
Profile: Tawakul Karman
Mrs Sirleaf is standing in Tuesday's election, having previously said she would only hold the presidency for one term.
Her rival Mr Tubman denounced the award, saying she had "brought war here".
She had initially backed the rebels of Charles Taylor - currently on trial for war crimes in The Hague.
Although she has apologised, Liberia's Truth and Reconciliation Commission recommended that she be barred from holding public office for 30 years.
"I did more to stop the war than she did because she was for continuing the war," Mr Tubman said.
"Now that the war has stopped she wants to continue on top of the country as though she is some liberator. She is not."
He told AFP news agency the timing of the award was "provocative".
But Archbishop Desmond Tutu and U2 singer Bono welcomed Mrs Sirleaf's honouring, with Mr Tutu telling AFP: "Woo hoo. She deserves it many times over. She's brought stability to a place that was going to hell."
Her compatriot Ms Gbowee was a leading critic of the violence during the Liberian civil war, mobilising women across ethnic and religious lines in peace activism and encouraging them to participate in elections.
In 2003 she led a march through the capital, Monrovia, demanding an end to the rape of women by soldiers.
The Nobel Committee said she had "worked to enhance the influence of women in West Africa during and after war".
Ms Gbowee told the BBC's Focus on Africa programme: "I am confused. I am humbled. This is the first time in the 39 years of my life that I am out of words.
2010 - Liu Xiaobo - Chinese dissident lawyer
2009 - US President Barack Obama
2008 - Martti Ahtisaari, former Finnish president
2007 - Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), former US vice-president and environmental campaigner Al Gore
2006 - Muhammad Yunus, founder of Grameen Bank
2005 - International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its president, Mohamed El Baradei
Nobel winner Liu Xiaobo still in jail
"This is a victory for women rights everywhere in the world. What could be better then three women winning the prize?
"This is the recognition that we hear you, we see you, we acknowledge you."
The women will share the $1.5m (Â£1m) prize money.
The BBC's world affairs correspondent Mike Wooldridge says that the Nobel Peace Prize originally recognised those who had already achieved peace, but that its scope has broadened in recent years to encourage those working towards peace and acknowledge work in progress.
The Nobel committee received a record 241 nominations for this year's prize - among the individuals and groups believed to have been put forward were the European Union, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg and key cyber dissidents in the Arab Spring movement.


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Question: Greek Finance Minister Yanis Varoufakis has described how he and his wife were abused by a group of youths at a restaurant in Athens late on Tuesday.

The minister says the couple were with a friend when they were confronted by "anti-state activists", who threw glass objects at them.
Mr Varoufakis has been criticised for his handling of talks with Greece's international creditors.
He was sidelined this week as the government urgently seeks a deal.
The finance minister said he was sitting outside at a restaurant in the Exarchia district with his wife, artist Danae Stratou, and a friend, when they came under attack from a number of youths.
The area is seen as popular with far-left activists. Mr Varoufakis's left-wing Syriza party has in recent years moved closer to the centre.
In a statement to Greek media, he said he did not believe the youths intended to harm him or his wife but merely hit them lightly.
His wife then shielded him by hugging him with her back towards the youths, he said.
Another verbal confrontation took place as the couple tried to leave the restaurant on his motorbike, he said.
"I started a dialogue with them, saying that I wanted to hear them out, even if that meant that I would be hit," he said.
Mr Varoufakis has been widely criticised in recent weeks at home and abroad.
The couple were featured in a photo spread of their Athens flat by French magazine Paris Match and Mr Varoufakis's negotiating style has been criticised by his European counterparts.
Fellow minister Euclid Tsakalotos took Mr Varoufakis's place in talks with Greece's European partners late on Monday, in an attempt to unlock a vital €7.2bn (£5bn; $8bn) tranche in its bailout from the International Monetary Fund and the European Union.
Greece faces almost €1bn in debt interest payments to the IMF in the next fortnight as well as regular salary payments to civil servants.
The EU wants to see the Syriza-led government commit itself to wide-ranging reforms before providing more money from the €240bn bailout.
On Monday night, parliament in Athens voted to reinstate public broadcaster ERT, taken off air in 2013 as part of a round of spending cuts by the previous government in attempt to meet the demands of its international creditors.
ERT was replaced by a slimmed-down broadcaster Nerit but the government has said it will rehire some 2,500 staff with a monthly supplement on electricity bills.
How close is Greece to Grexit?
Greek bailout talks in 90 seconds

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Pavlos Fyssas, 34, was killed early on Wednesday. Police arrested the suspect and searched Golden Dawn's offices. The party denied any involvement.
Social tensions have risen as Greeks deal with years of austerity measures.
Greece's Public Order Minister, Nikos Dendias, has cancelled a trip to Rome. He said the situation was critical.
The minister expressed his deep regret over the incident, and said the government would soon put forward a new law against political violence and armed groups.
Greece's Socialist Party, which is the second party in the governing coalition, has said that Golden Dawn should be considered a criminal group.
The killing occurred ahead of further strikes against government plans to cut thousands of public sector jobs.
Mr Fyssas, an anti-fascist and hip-hop artist, was stabbed outside a cafe shortly after midnight local time in the western Athens district of Keratsini.
Reports say that after a dispute over football, there was an altercation between different groups of people. The victim was attacked by a group of 15 men.
A 45-year-old man, who police say has admitted supporting Golden Dawn, has confessed to the crime, the BBC's Mark Lowen in Athens says.
Before being pronounced dead, the victim had identified his attacker to police.
Anti-fascist demonstrators gathered on Tuesday night and are planning another rally later on Wednesday.
Golden Dawn has frequently been accused of violence towards left-wing activists and immigrants and is blamed for vigilante attacks.
Europe's top human rights body, the Council of Europe, has said there are grounds for Golden Dawn to be made illegal.
But the party has 18 MPs. Its popularity has grown during Greece's financial crisis. The government fears banning the party could drive it underground and increase its support.
Doctors, teachers and municipal rubbish collectors were among those taking part in the latest stoppage called by the civil servants' union, which is due to last two days.


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Question: Ireland coach Joe Schmidt kept his own counsel on New Zealand's physicality as the All Blacks avenged their defeat in Chicago by winning 21-9 in Dublin.

Johnny Sexton (hamstring), Robbie Henshaw, CJ Stander and Rob Kearney (all head injuries) are major doubts for next weekend's game with Australia.
New Zealand's approach appeared to step over the line at times but Schmidt was circumspect after Saturday's defeat.
"We don't control that," the New Zealand-born Ireland coach told RTE.
"We've just got to forge ahead with who we had left once once those guys had been knocked around. That's all we can do.
"Jonathan Sexton has a hamstring issue and we will have an update on his situation either on Sunday or Monday.
"Rob Kearney, Robbie Henshaw and CJ Stander will all undergo HIA [head injury assessment]."
Schmidt added that the contest had been a "pretty physical encounter" but that was the extent of his verdict on New Zealand's physicality.
Centre Henshaw had to be carried off with his neck in a brace after only 10 minutes following a high shoulder from New Zealand flanker Sam Cane.
A number of other Irish players were also on the receiving end of high challenges, and captain Rory Best queried several referee calls out on the field.
These included Jaco Peyper's decision to award New Zealand's second try, in spite of the suspicion that Sexton had prevented Beauden Barrett from grounding the ball.
However, both Schmidt and Best refused to be drawn into a critique of Peyper's performance following the game.
"I thought we probably didn't get the rub of the green on one or two calls, but that's something that can be a distraction," said Schmidt.
"We'll leave that to the authorities, we'll feed our feedback through the appropriate channels."
Schmidt added that he was "proud" of his players efforts to earn a second win over the All Blacks in two weeks but skipper Best spoke of his "frustration and annoyance".
Ireland dominated possession and territory during most the contest but could not turn that into sufficient points.
"We couldn't score that try," added the Ireland captain.
"When we look back on it though we'll feel we didn't attack them enough."
All Blacks coach Steve Hansen claimed that the penalty count of 14 for his team as opposed to only four for Ireland was not an accurate reflection of the play.
"I'd like to see some consistency throughout the game. I saw the same things happening to us," said the New Zealand coach.
As for double try-scorer Malakai Fekitoa's yellow card, when he swung his arm into Simon Zebo's neck as the Irish winger sprinted down the left touchline, Hansen called it "sloppy play, not malicious".

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Centre Anton Lienert-Brown crossed early but Samoa were doughty opposition for the opening 20 minutes.
Beauden Barrett's counter attack opened the floodgates though, and the All Blacks led 28-0 at the interval.
Israel Dagg scored 90 seconds into the second half, which became a 50-point procession of clinical finishing.
New Zealand coach Steve Hansen used all his players from the bench but his side retained their fluency as 10 players scored tries.
The Test series against the Lions begins on 24 June at Eden Park.
Samoa next face Wales - who eased past Tonga with a 6-24 win in their first Test of the tour - the previous day.


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Question: The US Defence Secretary, Ash Carter, has visited an American aircraft carrier in the contested waters of the South China Sea.

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The visit came as China said one of its highest-ranking military officials had also visited the region recently.
Tensions have escalated in the South China Sea in recent years, with China steadily expanding its military presence in the region.
This week the US and the Philippines agreed to conduct joint patrols there.
China claims most of the sea as its own and has become increasingly assertive.
Ash Carter arrived on board the USS John C Stennis on Friday and gave a statement alongside Philippine Defense Secretary Voltaire Gazmin.
"What's new is not an American carrier in this region," he said. "What's new is the context of tension which exists, which we want to reduce."
He said that the US wanted to work together with China and that the trip was meant to show support for allies, rather than provoke Beijing.
The US has expanded its support for allies in the South Pacific in recent months, following China's military build-up - which includes the construction of islands with airstrips.
China, which claims a wide swathe of the sea, has been reclaiming land around reefs.
The US and other countries have called for the halt of such activities, accusing China of militarisation but Beijing has insisted that the construction is for civilian purposes.
Last week, US military officials announced they would send $40m (Â£28m) in military assistance to the Philippines to increase intelligence-sharing, surveillance and naval patrols.
Contested South China Sea

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The B-1B Lancers took part in joint military drills with Japan in the East China Sea, the US Air Force said in a statement.
They then flew over the highly contentious South China Sea.
On Tuesday, North Korea test-fired a long-range missile some believe could reach Alaska, sparking concerns over its weapons capabilities.
A statement by the US Pacific Air Forces said the flights with Japan "demonstrate the solidarity between Japan and the US to defend against provocative and destabilising actions in the Pacific theatre".
Tuesday's launch of an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) by North Korea sparked a warning from the US that it would use military force "if we must".
The US has been firing missiles into South Korean waters in joint ballistic missile drills in response to the missile test.
Japan, which sent two F-15s for the joint drill, also has competing claims with China in the East China Sea.
After the joint flypast, which took place at night, the two bombers headed to the South China Sea to "exercise the rights of freedom of navigation", said the US statement.
They then returned to the US airbase in Guam.
China claims sovereignty over almost all of the South China Sea, which the US has challenged.
Last weekend a US warship sailed near one island sparking an angry response from Beijing.


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Question: Indians are delighted after seeing "selfie footage" from the country's heaviest rocket.

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The onboard footage from the 640-tonne "monster" rocket, India's largest, has been widely shared since it was released by the Indian Space Research Organisation (Isro) on Monday.
Isro often shares onboard footage from its missions.
Its Mars Orbiter has its own Twitter account, where it occasionally shares pictures from the Red Planet.
Isro's latest rocket, the GSLV Mark III, blasted off from a launching site off the Bay of Bengal in Sriharikota on Monday.
The rocket, which has been compared to the weight of 200 elephants, or five jumbo jets, will reduce Isro's reliance on European vehicles to launch heavy satellites.
It can carry a payload weighing more than three tonnes into the high altitude orbit occupied by the spacecraft that relay TV, telephone calls and broadband connections.
Experts say the rocket gives India more flexibility in launching different kinds of satellites.
But for now, Indians are simply ecstatic that the rocket took selfies.

The 640-tonne rocket blasted off from a launching site off the Bay of Bengal in Sriharikota.
As one website put it, "it's been a big day for India". The rocket will reduce the Indian Space Research Organisation's (Isro) reliance on European vehicles to launch heavy satellites.
The coverage of the launch has been euphoric, and often colourful, with websites comparing the rocket to the weight of 200 elephants, or five jumbo jets.
Such comparisons highlight the importance of the launch for the country, which is aggressively competing to get a bigger share of the global commercial satellite launch market.
India has so far relied on other countries to send heavy satellites into space, which is expensive and a drain on Isro's budget.
The GSLV Mark III can carry put a payload weighing more than three tonnes into the high altitude orbit occupied by the spacecraft that relay TV, telephone calls and broadband connections.
But it's far from being the world's heaviest rocket because Nasa's Saturn V, which was used between 1967 and 1973, still holds that record, with total mass at lift-off about four times that of India's GSLV Mark III.
The NDTV website says the rocket is as heavy as five Jumbo jets.  And the weight matters because communication satellites are quite heavy.
Experts say the rocket gives India more flexibility in launching different kinds of satellites.
"We were able to send [satellites weighing] up to two tonnes previously. This is a double quantum jump for India," Ajay Lele from the Institute for Defence Studies and Analyses told the AFP news agency.
Isro hopes that the rocket, called the "monster" by one newspaper, will be able to carry an astronaut to space by 2024.
India wants to become the fourth country after the US, China and Russia to send a person into space.
Experts say the successful launch will give impetus to India's indigenous space programme.
launch follows Isro's other recent achievements, including a mission to Mars, and the launch of more than 100 satellites in a single mission earlier in the year.
In the spirit of finding fun facts, the BBC also did some research on the height of the rocket and found that it's taller than the Statue of Liberty.
The rocket is 43m (141ft) tall, while the statue stands at 33.83m, minus the pedestal foundation.
Cartoons by the BBC's Kirtish Bhat


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Question: Liverpool midfielder Joe Cole has joined French club Lille on loan for the remainder of the season.

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The 29-year-old travelled to France on Tuesday to undergo a medical and, despite a late bid by Aston Villa, has opted to join the Ligue 1 side.
England international Cole moved to Anfield in July 2010 on a four-year deal from Chelsea but made only 11 league starts for the Reds.
He has not featured at all for Kenny Dalglish's side this season.
Dalglish has strengthened his midfield over the summer with the additions of Jordan Henderson, Charlie Adam and Stewart Downing and the club were apparently keen to get Cole off their wage bill.
Queens Park Rangers and Tottenham Hotspur were also interested in signing the former West Ham player, but he instead chose Lille, who will be playing in the Champions League this season after winning their first French league title since 1954.
"It looks to me that the club is going in the right direction and I'm excited about coming here and helping them win some trophies," said Cole.
"I always wanted to go to play abroad. I love football, I love watching it,  I love talking about it. This is a great experience and a challenge to play for a team who wants to progress. This seems a very positive place."
A statement on Lille's official website said: "With the arrival of England international Joe Cole, LOSC has clearly added to its squad both in quantity and quality.
"The club is pleased and proud that the challenges facing us and our project has attracted a player of this magnitude."
Lille turned to Cole after being rejected by Monaco's South Korea striker Chu Young-Park, who is set to complete a move to Arsenal.
The French champions also failed with a bid for Chelsea's Yossi Benayoun.
This summer they have lost two players to the Premier League, with midfielder Yohan Cabaye joining Newcastle and Ivory Coast forward Gervinho moving to Arsenal.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

The Congo captain moved to Molineux from Reims last August for an undisclosed fee.
But the 28-year-old has only made 11 first-team appearances and none since a 1-0 defeat at Brighton in mid-October when he was substituted at half-time.
Bastia are currently 17th in the French top-flight, having won five of their 20 games so far this season.
"The deal has been done for him to join Bastia on loan until the end of the season, and then we will be able to revisit the situation and see what the future holds," Wolves sporting director Kevin Thelwell told the club website.
Head coach Paul Lambert is keen to reduce the size of his squad in January.
Dutch forward Ola John left Wolves on Friday, cutting short his loan spell from Benfica to join Spanish club Deportivo La Coruna on loan for the remainder of the season.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


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Question: A murder investigation is under way after a woman's body was found in County Armagh.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The 51-year-old was discovered in a house in the Toberhewney Hall area of Lurgan at about 02:50 GMT on Friday.
A man of the same age has been arrested.
A post mortem examination is expected to take place later.
DUP MLA Carla Lockhart said it was "very alarming news in what is a very quiet residential area".
"My sympathies are with the family of the deceased," she said.
"The police are treating this as a murder investigation and therefore I would encourage anyone who has any information to come forward to the PSNI."

Marcell Seeley, 34, was found dead in his flat at Dingwell Park in Taghnaven, Craigavon on Tuesday.
Police now have permission to continue questioning a 24-year-old man who was arrested in Craigavon on Wednesday.
It is understood Mr Seeley's body had been in the flat for a number of days and that his mother discovered him.


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Question: Derry City manager Kenny Shiels has moved to strengthen his squad by signing defenders Eoin Toal and Darren Cole, plus winger Jamie McIntyre.

Ex-Northern Ireland schoolboy captain Toal, 19, has been training with the squad for several weeks and joins from Championship side Armagh City.
Scot Cole, 25, has signed until the end of the season as defensive cover.
Twenty-year-old McIntyre has been a regular in Kevin Deery's promotion chasing Institute team in recent years.
McIntyre will provide more options on the flanks for the Candystripes following his move across the city.
Cole has most recently played junior football in Scotland with Broxburn Athletic, having started his career career with Rangers, before moving to Livingston and Greenock Morton.
Derry, who lie third in the league table, will resume their Premier Division campaign away to Bray Wanderers on Friday night.

The squad departures come only four days after David Jeffrey's side secured European football by defeating Glenavon in the Europa League play-off.
Henderson, Stephen McBride, Denver Gage and Gavin Taggart have all been released with the latter trio all having been bothered by injury.
In addition, the loans deals of Linfield's Daniel Wallace and Crusaders' Michael Kerr have concluded.
Jeffrey thanked all six players for their efforts with the Braidmen.
Francis McCaffrey has signed a new one-year deal with the club while the club are also holding talks with other current squad members Allan Jenkins, Caolan Loughran, Neil Lowry and Eoin Kane.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Examples:

Given ['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', '.'] it matches with ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Just as the so-called Islamic State (IS) group seemed to be putting down roots in the Libyan coastal city of Sirte - its only stronghold outside Syria and Iraq - various forces began lining up early this year to remove it. By early June the city was surrounded.\nBBC Monitoring looks back over the past four months to see what people have been saying on social media and what IS itself has been publishing as the campaign to retake the city developed.\nIt is one year since Islamic State seized Sirte. The group appears to be trying to demonstrate that it is in control by releasing a video showing its morality police enforcing their strict interpretation of Islamic rules, including one which demands that men wear their trousers short.\nWhile it publishes pictures showing alms being handed out to the poor, IS also distributes images of public floggings. Pictures on social media show "crucified" corpses in the main roundabout after executions by IS.\nMeanwhile, Libyan prime minister-designate Fayez Seraj seeks to gain approval for a cabinet. The UN is encouraging him to bring order to a country in chaos since Muammar Gaddafi was toppled in 2011.\nLibya is torn between two rival governments, one based in the east of the country and one in the west, allowing IS to prosper in the central area.\nIS wants to show that life goes on as normal in Sirte, posting images of public services department workers pruning trees, sheep-grazing, bee-keepers at work and an open-air showroom with dozens of cars on sale.\nIS branches in Syria, Iraq and Libya regularly publish scenes of everyday life to recruit members and give the impression that they are effectively administering the land under their control.\nSocial media users, however, post pictures of people having fun on the beach in the days "before the terrorists arrived". "God willing, Sirte will return to how it was," says one user.\nCommunication between Sirte and the outside world is difficult, because of notoriously unreliable internet connections as well as IS restrictions. Some residents appear defiant, one tweeting: "I\'m staying, #Daesh (IS), and I will continue to spread news of my city #Sirte to the world via Twitter, even if you cut our necks".\nIS names the new leader of its Libyan branch to replace his predecessor who was killed in a US air strike in November 2015. Shaykh Abd-al-Qadir al-Najdi is thought to be a foreigner, like his predecessors. His name suggests he is from Saudi Arabia.\nThe presence of foreign fighters is a source of friction, with locals complaining that the outsiders look down on them, and the IS fighters complaining of racism. One social media user asks: "Why does #Daesh prefer foreign commanders to Libyans?"\nWeeks later, IS calls a reconciliation meeting between locals and foreign fighters.\nThe meeting is advertised in a flyer, which has been circulated on social media and which also invites city residents to the public execution of two of the group\'s own Libyan commanders, apparently to set a disciplinary example.\nA separate IS letter to residents says racism towards foreign fighters will not be tolerated and warns the people of Sirte to show loyalty to the creed of Islam rather than to their tribe or city.\nThe author vows to "fix this Libyan problem before it is too late".\nSeparately, an IS video featuring Sirte-based militants from Mali, Nigeria, Ghana and Senegal encourages West Africans to travel to Libya to join the group - another sign that IS may be struggling to co-opt locals.\nFollowing the bomb attacks on Brussels claimed by IS, the group\'s media arm shows pictures of sweets being handed out in Sirte in celebration of the assaults.\nDays later the new "unity" government arrives in Tripoli.\nIts arrival in the capital represents another stage in efforts to stabilise and unify the country which is split among rival factions, including IS. The ministers arrive by boat because opposing forces have blocked the city\'s air space.\nIS publicises the religious education of residents with pictures of a graduation ceremony for hundreds of ordinary people at a big conference centre in Sirte.\nThis appears to be the culmination of a major series of events that IS forced people to attend in an attempt to make everyone conform to its strict interpretation of Islamic law.\nSome take to social media to complain.\nAccording to local Twitter accounts, attendance of the course was mandatory for all males aged 15 and above, with all shops and businesses closed between afternoon and evening prayers, and movement in the street prohibited during this time.\nOne account said that two young men were arrested for failing to attend the course, but were released days later.\nOne tweet comments wryly that IS itself, rather than the local population, was "most in need of this kind of course".\nAmid reports of an impending military advance on Sirte, hundreds of families reportedly flee the city in the latest of several waves over recent months.\nAl-Wasat website says fleeing residents told troops at roadblocks west of the city that their cars were searched by Libyan, Tunisian and Chadian IS members, who prevented them from taking their furniture, cooking utensils and gas cylinders.\nReports from the city suggest that the hospitals are barely functioning, the staff themselves having fled or staying away out of fear.\nOver the next few days IS forces advance west towards Misrata, seizing territory including the strategic town of Abu-Qurayn, where they carry out a series of suicide attacks.\nIS appears to be trying to seize the initiative to pre-empt any attack on its stronghold.\nThe unity government, having gained the support of some significant factions, announces the formation of a coalition to crush IS.\nThe anti-IS operation is headquartered in the town of Misrata, whose forces are a key component of the coalition.\nMisrata has ample supplies of weapons and its fighters were crucial in the overthrow of Gaddafi.\nThe Misrata militia also has Islamists leanings - like many of the other militia - and has been accused of brutal behaviour.\nThe headquarters soon starts reporting battlefield developments to local TV channels and posting updates on its Facebook page under the name Operation Solid Structure, a reference to a Koranic verse which is often invoked by IS itself.\nIS publishes pictures supposedly showing tribal leaders pledging their support for the self-styled caliphate.\nHowever, it becomes clear that these large tribes - Wlad Sliman, Warfala and Gaddadfa - won\'t or can\'t provide realistic support to IS with reports over the next few days of clashes between tribesmen and IS militants in nearby towns.\nAn informant from the town of Abu Hadi, a few miles south of Sirte, tells the Libyan news website Al-Wasat that young men from the Gaddadfa tribe had attacked a convoy of IS "Islamic Police" hunting for tribesmen.\nThere have been numerous reports in Libyan media saying that since it took root, IS has dealt harshly with these tribes.\nIS militants reportedly arrested and executed scores of Gaddadfa tribesmen, the people of former leader Gaddafi.\nThe large Warfala tribe has reportedly seen many of its towns taken over by IS, and tribesmen who had worked for the police, military or judiciary have been executed.\nThe government in Tripoli manages to convince one the most successful commanders in eastern Libya - Lt Al-Mahdi al-Barghathi - to become minister of defence.\nOn his way to assume his duties in the capital, he visits the strategic oil port of Sidra and secures the support of the Petroleum Facilities Guard (PFG) - the men who are supposed to guard Libya\'s oil wealth, but who have turned into a rogue private army.\nTheir support is key to encircling Sirte from the east, while militia from Misrata attack from the west. The odds are now stacked in favour of Operation Solid Structure.\nA defiant message from IS spokesman Abu-Muhammad al-Adnani appears to prepare supporters for the loss of one of its strongholds. He mentions Sirte alongside Raqqa in Syria and Mosul in Iraq, underlining the importance of its Libyan bastion.\n"Will we be defeated if we lose Mosul or Sirte or Raqqa or all the cities and go back to how we were before? No. Defeat is only losing the desire and the will to fight."\nHe warns that IS will fight to the death, enacting a scorched earth policy in the event of being dislodged from any of its strongholds.\nThe government-led advance recovers  towns from IS to the east, west and south before entering Sirte.\nWithin days the anti-IS forces, surprised by their own progress, corner IS militants holding out in a small area in the centre of the city.\nOperation Solid Structure announces that it has started test broadcasting on an FM frequency previously used by IS\'s Al-Bayan Radio. The unity government-backed forces claim that they have been jamming IS radio.\nSince the beginning of June, fighting between the two sides has continued with IS carrying out a series of suicide bombings and government forces bombarding IS positions in the centre of the city.\nBBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring on Twitter and Facebook.'] but not with ['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', "Ond pa mor dda ydych chi am 'nabod eich Llannau? Rhowch gynnig ar gwis Cymru Fyw:"]

Question: National League leaders Forest Green Rovers lost out as Wrexham boss Dean Keates earned his first win since taking charge last month.

Goals from Shaun Harrad and a brace from Gerry McDonagh proved enough for the home side.
Darren Carter had pulled one back for the visitors on 68 minutes, but despite pressure Rovers could not find another.
Early on Carter had seen his penalty saved by impressive Wrexham goalkeeper Luke Coddington.
Wrexham manager Dean Keates told BBC Radio Wales: "It's been long overdue. They were outstanding first-half, magnificent. In the second-half we were put under a lot of pressure, but they were brave.
"They did everything we asked of them and I am very proud of the lads."
Match ends, Wrexham 3, Forest Green Rovers 1.
Second Half ends, Wrexham 3, Forest Green Rovers 1.
Goal!  Wrexham 3, Forest Green Rovers 1. Gerry McDonagh (Wrexham).
Rob Evans (Wrexham) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Wrexham. Leo Smith replaces Paul Rutherford.
Drissa Traoré (Forest Green Rovers) is shown the yellow card.
Gerry McDonagh (Wrexham) is shown the yellow card.
Substitution, Forest Green Rovers. Fabien Robert replaces Christian Doidge.
Goal!  Wrexham 2, Forest Green Rovers 1. Darren Carter (Forest Green Rovers).
Substitution, Wrexham. Callum Powell replaces Shaun Harrad.
Substitution, Forest Green Rovers. Emmanuel Monthe replaces Daniel Wishart.
Second Half begins Wrexham 2, Forest Green Rovers 0.
First Half ends, Wrexham 2, Forest Green Rovers 0.
Goal!  Wrexham 2, Forest Green Rovers 0. Gerry McDonagh (Wrexham).
Goal!  Wrexham 1, Forest Green Rovers 0. Shaun Harrad (Wrexham).
Penalty missed! Bad penalty by  (Forest Green Rovers).  should be disappointed.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

Media playback is not supported on this device
Relegated Norwich City recorded an emphatic 4-1 win at Blackburn to go top of the Championship, while Millwall and Luton rose to the summit of the fledgling League One and League Two tables respectively.
Here, BBC Sport rounds up five pieces of action you may have missed from the first round of EFL fixtures.
Every player dreams of netting on their debut - but Ipswich Town's Grant Ward must be pinching himself following his first appearance for the Tractor Boys.
The 21-year-old winger moved to Portman Road on Monday from Tottenham Hotspur and had to settle for a place on the bench against Barnsley.
Introduced at half-time, Ward scored with his first touch after just 39 seconds to put Ipswich 1-0 up.
After the Tykes had equalised, Ward put Town back ahead with his second just after the hour mark, before completing his hat-trick with a low drive six minutes before full-time.
Bagging three goals on debut in a 4-2 win is not a bad way to introduce yourself to a new set of fans.
Ched Evans made his first professional appearance for over four years on Saturday after joining Chesterfield this summer.
The 27-year-old was sent to prison in 2012, but had his rape conviction quashed by the Court of Appeal in April.
Evans, who has always denied the charges against him, faces a retrial in October but signed a one-year deal with the Spireites in June.
The Welshman started their League One fixture at Oxford and overcame the jeers of the U's supporters to score the equaliser from a second-half free-kick as the game ended 1-1.
Evans, who netted 35 goals for Sheffield United in 2011-12, has now scored 11 goals in his last eight club appearances.
A new campaign means two new arrivals from the National League, and this season Cheltenham Town and Grimsby Town are back in the EFL.
The Robins got off to the worst possible start at home to Leyton Orient, conceding the first goal of the afternoon inside four minutes.
However, Gary Johnson's side fought back and substitute Billy Waters rescued a point with 14 minutes remaining.
Grimsby's return to the League was more impressive as the Mariners recorded a 2-0 win over Morecambe at Blundell Park.
Kayden Jackson put the hosts ahead early on and a free-kick from Ben Davies doubled their lead. Not even a red card for Josh Gowling with 19 minutes left could spoil their day in front of over 6,000 supporters in Cleethorpes.
The transfer window proves to be a hive of activity for clubs in League One and League Two, but nobody has topped Crawley Town for signings this summer.
The Reds have brought in 17 new players since the end of last season, and included eight debutants in their starting XI for their League Two opener against Wycombe Wanderers.
It did not seem to affect the West Sussex club though, as skipper Jimmy Smith struck the only goal to give Dermot Drummy a first win as Crawley head coach.
Drummy handed two other players their debuts from the bench late on, while new Chairboys striker Adebayo Akinfenwa was unable make an impact as a substitute.
Reading staged a tribute to former academy coach Eamonn Dolan ahead of their Championship match against Preston.
The Irishman, who passed away aged 48 in June after a battle with cancer, had a stand at the Madejski Stadium officially named after him before kick-off.
Dolan's nine-year-old son Seamus led the teams out and there was a minute's applause ahead of the match, which Reading went on to win 1-0.
Dolan brought 32 players through the youth academy to make their debuts for the Royals during more than a decade with the Berkshire club.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.


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Question: Court orders being imposed on homeless people are "criminalising those most in need," a charity has said.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Criminal Behaviour Orders (CBOs) give courts powers including banning people from areas or from drinking in public.
But charity Homeless Link said CBOs, which replaced anti-social behaviour orders (ASBOs), prevented homeless people from accessing vital services.
The Home Office said local agencies must determine whether their use of their powers was appropriate.
CBOs were introduced in October 2014 and more than 2,600 are currently active, according to Freedom of Information requests made by the BBC.
Thirty-eight police forces in England and Wales provided statistics.
Breaches incur a maximum five-year prison term.
Ministry of Justice figures show that in 2016, a total of 952 CBOs were issued following conviction at courts in England and Wales.
That figure rose from 707 the previous year, an increase of 35%.
John (not his real name) has a CBO preventing him from entering certain areas of Norwich under certain conditions.
He said he was given the banning order for being drunk in public.
"I kicked off so they decided to give me a CBO," he said.
John, an alcoholic, said the order stopped him from getting the help he needed, located in the city centre.
"I have to go into a shop and nick a sandwich because I can't come into the city centre," he said.
Dale Parker, co-founder of The People's Picnic, which provides home-cooked meals to help vulnerable people in Norwich, said CBOs failed to address the underlying issues of criminal behaviour and isolated the most vulnerable homeless people.
"The majority of services and outlets where people come to get food or the basics are in the city," he said.
"More often than not, the only crime those people have committed is the crime of being poor."
Jacqui McCluskey, of Homeless Link, the national membership organisation for homelessness charities in England, said issuing CBOs to those most in need was "no answer" to the rising numbers of people sleeping rough or finding themselves homeless.
She said the focus should instead be on providing the support needed to help people off the streets for good.
"We would urge authorities to work in partnership with local homelessness services to identify those who are sleeping rough and ensure that effective support is in place, including long-term solutions such as personal support, assistance into employment and increased availability of low-cost housing," she said.
"The priority needs to be tackling the root causes of homelessness, rather than punishing the most vulnerable in society."
Sgt Mark Shepherd, public order tactical adviser for Norwich, said the orders allowed individuals access to the services they needed, and did not accept they led to further crime.
He said: "Each one is for an individual person, at the same time identifying those services that can take them away from their offending lifestyle."
A Home Office spokesperson said: "We are determined to help the most vulnerable in society.
"We are clear that the anti-social behaviour powers should be used to tackle anti-social behaviour, not to target the most vulnerable in our communities. It is for local agencies to determine whether their use of their powers is appropriate.
"We are working to tackle anti-social behaviour, while also supporting people to move on from a life on the streets."

The Howard League for Penal Reform and the Prisoners' Advice Service challenged the removal in 2013 of certain categories of prison law from the scope of criminal legal aid.
They said removing legal aid from some of the most vulnerable people in society was unfair.
Three judges ruled in their favour.
Lord Justice Beatson, sitting with Lady Justice Gloster and Lord Justice Patten, said they had focused on "vulnerable prisoners, such as those with learning disabilities and mental illness".
The Ministry of Justice said it would consider whether or not to appeal.
The judges found that the removal of legal aid from prisoners was unlawful, because the cuts were "inherently unfair", in three situations.
These are:
The judges said they recognised there may be safeguards other than legal aid to ensure prisoners could engage in processes and decisions about them.
But it said almost no changes had been introduced to fill the gap left by the removal of legal aid.
Deborah Russo, joint managing solicitor of the PAS, said the "vulnerability" of the prison population had been fully recognised as a key factor in its "limited ability to access justice".
"Common law came to the rescue of a marginalised and often forgotten sector of our society."
Frances Crook, chief executive of the Howard League, which works to reduce crime and prisoner numbers, said the ruling would ease pressure on a prison system "at breaking point".
"It vindicates our concerns that cuts imposed by the former Lord Chancellor, Chris Grayling, in 2013 presented a grave risk that prisoners would become stuck in a broken system.
"This sends a clear message that important decisions about prisoners cannot be made efficiently or fairly in the face of these cuts."
Simon Creighton, solicitor for the charities and representative for the Association of Prison Lawyers, said: "Access to legal advice for prisoners makes prisons fairer, safer and better at rehabilitating prisoners."


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: This weekend, pubs and rugby clubs all over Wales will once again be ringing with rousing renditions of Calon Lan and Cwm Rhondda (Bread of Heaven) as Wales take on South Africa in the Rugby World Cup at Twickenham.

The Welsh are known for singing hymns, but these days it is often fuelled more by alcohol than the typically Welsh fire and brimstone sermons of the strictly sober chapels that first introduced them.
Welsh chapels - once the backbone of the entire nation - are closing at the rate of one a week. A country, once as famous for its religious non-conformity as its love of rugby and singing, is now bent on more secular activities.
Chapel attendances may be declining, but it would be a mistake to underestimate how much it is branded into Welsh culture. And never more so than during a game of rugby.
So what does the demise of the Welsh chapel say about modern-day Wales? Has the nation cast aside a keystone in the survival of its language and cultural wealth or is it simply evolving with the times?
And does the legacy of the old Welsh chapel reach further than Bread of Heaven on international days?
As a flock of grey clouds circle ominously over the Gwili Valley below, Charlie Williams opens the doors of Cwmdyfran Calvinistic Methodist Chapel and sets about arranging numbers on the hymn board.
It is Sunday morning and the service is set to start in 15 minutes. However, Mr Williams, the chapel's affable custodian, does not appear to be in any sort of hurry.
The days when places such as Cwmdyfran Chapel - situated in rural Carmarthenshire - were standing room only are long gone.
"We'll be lucky if we get into double figures," explained Mr Williams, now allotting bibles across the first two rows of pews.
His forecast turns out to be a little optimistic. When the service does begin, I count the register to be eight, including myself.
And, having never visited Cwmdyfran before, my presence has not gone unnoticed.
"Pwy yw hwn? (Who is he?) I hear someone whisper behind me.
As our minister, Tudur Dylan, preaches from his pulpit in flawless Welsh and hymns are sung with a gusto that momentarily belies the nominal congregation, it is hard to believe that at one point, at the end of the 19th Century, this small grey-rendered building attracted worshippers in their hundreds.
How times have changed.  Once a focal point of nearly every Welsh community, chapels are now being lost at a rate of one a week, unable to justify keeping the lights on due to waning attendance figures.
The sight of a derelict chapel, left to go to wrack and ruin, is not uncommon in any town, village or city. Some are derelict, others have been converted into community spaces or homes.
"It's a pretty dire situation," said Methodist minister Rev Dr Leslie Griffiths, a regular guest on Chris Evans's Radio 2 breakfast show's Pause for Thought.
"Why is it happening? Well, I think organised Christian religion in western Europe has been on this trend. To quote Matthew Arnold's poem Dover Beach 'The sea of faith is running out'.
"I would add that some of the chapels were built in almost inaccessible places to serve tiny groups of people - for another age."
But, he said, that does not get to the heart of the problem. Rev Griffiths pinpoints the traditional ways of communicating the faith no longer resonate with people.
The world has changed a great deal since 1904, which saw the start of the Welsh revival, one of the most dramatic of its kind, which swept up communities in a mass religious awakening and saw chapel congregations bursting to the rafters.
"Those fires of the Welsh revival in the early part of the 20th Century have pretty much gone out," he added.
While the flames at Cwmdyfran have not completely gone out, the loyal few who have come to the service - who, it is fair to say, are not in the first flush of youth - represent the embers of a once roaring fire.
"As it's going now, it's looking pretty dark for us," sighed Meirion Davies, whose forebears built Cwmdyfran Chapel in 1798.
"We can't attract the numbers we once could. That's what happens when people become elderly. I don't know what I'd do if this place closed."
The 2011 Census makes for interesting reading - 32% of people in Wales, once viewed as a religious country, claim to have no religious beliefs.
That number is greater than the UK as a whole, 25%, so the decline of the once ubiquitous non-conformist chapel is perhaps unsurprising.
Even if we do believe, for most of us, a good time takes priority over God - the drinking, dancing and carousing now seen in many Welsh towns and cities on a Saturday night are not conducive to an early Sunday service in chapel.
Any suggestion that Wales was a nation of tipplers on the quiet, so to speak, has always been curiously at odds with the temperance movement associated with non-conformity.
Some chapel-goers were even encouraged to take a pledge to completely abstain from alcohol, including my own grandfather. I can say with good knowledge that this oath was upheld loosely.
Still, the general consensus would suggest these places of worship are outmoded in the 21st Century; relics of the past, undeserving of preservation.
But are we, in fact, neglecting one of the key contributing components of Welsh culture, something that transcends religion?
By the beginning of the last century, as the Welsh revival took hold, chapels were reportedly being built at a rate of one every eight days - a direct reversal of the current status quo.
It was not atypical for a small village to have up to four chapels open on a Sunday.
The non-conformist approach to worship - established in Wales as a response to a general feeling of neglect at the hands of the Church of England - chapels are now credited as being incubators of Welsh culture and language, steadfast in fuelling the likes of eisteddfodau and choral festivals.
"One cannot underestimate the importance of the nonconformist chapel to the cultural life of Wales in the 19th and 20th centuries," said a spokesman from CADW, the Welsh government's heritage arm.
"They played a key role in the provision of education and the emphasis on reading the scriptures gave positive endorsement to the use of the Welsh language.
"These buildings therefore represent an important connection to the beliefs and traditions of our predecessors via institutions that once played a central role in the lives of our communities."
The chapel can also be viewed as a forcing house of politicisation in Wales.
Plaid Cymru leader from 1945 to 1981, Gwynfor Evans, who threatened to starve himself after Margaret Thatcher reneged on a Welsh language channel (the PM eventually relented and S4C began broadcasting two years later) attributed his radicalism to a chapel upbringing.
It is perhaps no coincidence that Liberal Prime Minster David Lloyd George and founder of the NHS, Aneurin Bevan, were also chapel-goers in their formative years.
"You can argue that the whole ethos of the chapel, in which an individual congregation is responsible for its own affairs, is based on a democratic process," said Professor E Wyn James of Cardiff University's School of Welsh.
"So you could say that the chapel has played an important role in the development of democracy and radicalism in Wales, particularly among the working classes.
"To some extent, there is still some of that in the Welsh psyche today.
"For instance, you only need to go to a pub on a Saturday night after a rugby match. You're more likely to hear hymns like Cwm Rhondda and Calon Lan (written by prominent nonconformists William Williams and Daniel James) than any contemporary song."
But how many of those belting out "feed me 'till I want no more" are aware of the religious significance of the words? Not many, said Rev Dr Leslie Griffiths.
"Those who perhaps went to Sunday school or were taken to a Gymanfa Ganu (singing festival) as children might remember the great hwyl or passion with which these songs were sung but they are a declining number.
"I'm glad Cwm Rhondda is being sung somewhere rather than being sung nowhere, of course but it's a sad thing that young people, in particular in Wales, are being separated from their own culture because it's more than a religious thing, it's a cultural thing."
The mention of song is pertinent for actress and singer Caryl Parry Jones. She cites her chapel upbringing during the late 1960s and early 1970s as having an unmistakeable influence on her career choice.
"It most definitely shaped my love of singing," she said. "I often wonder when someone strikes up a hymn in a pub or rugby match how we know not only the tune, but the alto, tenor and bass lines, too.
"The Welsh, in my opinion, are natural harmonisers and hymn singing is a vital part of that ability. I fear that is waning through the decline of chapels, which I find sad from a musical aspect more than anything else."
Jones is from Ffynnongroyw in Flintshire, which once had six places of worship - five chapels and an Anglican church - serving just over 1,000 people. Now only the Anglican church remains.
While she has happy memories of the "sense of belonging" she witnessed in her childhood place of worship, she is under no illusion that, just like the coal pits, with which it was so closely associated, the chapel no longer defines modern Welsh communities.
"Communities like mine, a mining village, were very different 50 years ago," she says.  "They were centred around industry and the chapel, and in their wake came choirs, poetry and other deeply cultural escapades.
"In many ways, that's gone. But so have some of the hardships, and as far as 'Welshness' goes - the state of the language and arts - there's much more confidence now. It's been an interesting trade-off."
The weekend following my visit to Cwmdyfran, I head to Dyfatty Community Centre in Swansea to attend the Sunday Assembly Swansea - a self-described "atheist congregation".
Based on a global movement started in London in 2013, the Sunday Assembly bills itself as a gathering for non-religious people looking for a similar communal experience to a church, but without the Christianity.
Services tend to be informative talks and lectures - with tea and biscuits thrown in.
Today the CEO of Pobl, a new Welsh mental health charity, is delivering a lecture in a small back room to a congregation of seven or eight.
Discussion is encouraged throughout, giving it the sense of a seminar or workshop. Cwmdyfran seems light years away.
"We are trying to build a community where we can belong, but without being dictated by any sense of religious belief," said founder Chris Hendre.
"Out motto is 'live better, help often, wonder more'."
Ironically, akin to chapels, Hendre confesses he is "not sure how it will pan out" in attracting new members.
Maybe this says more about modern cultural more than the religious debate. Is there a need to get out of bed on a Sunday morning to attend a meet-up when one can roll over, open the laptop and stream the latest TED talk in real time?
Time will tell whether young congregational start-ups, such as the Sunday Assembly, can gain traction.
For the Welsh chapel, it is fair to assume that closures will continue apace, in spite of donations made by the Heritage Lottery Fund and Cadw.
The latter has reportedly awarded grants totalling Â£300,000 to places of worship over the past three years, but has still come in for criticism for not doing enough to protect chapels.
Censors include BBC newsreader Huw Edwards, who has previously denounced cultural and heritage chiefs as "castle, cathedral and country house obsessives".
But back in Cwmdyfran - and no doubt other small chapels on the cusp of extinction - the question of preservation goes much deeper than mere bricks and mortar.
"What some people don't understand is that there is history behind every chapel," said Mr Dylan. "Just because it's not famous history doesn't mean it's not important. It's our history and means a lot to us."
Whether we are immediately aware of it or not, that history will resonate far and wide this weekend in the form of song.
For one form of worship, which is unlikely to come under threat in Wales any time soon, is conducted at the temple of rugby.

The tournament will live long in the memory, despite the hosts' early exit at the pool stage.
We asked you to send in your favourite World Cup pictures. Here is a selection.
Megan Ormston took this picture showing fans making their way to the Rugby World Cup opening match at Twickenham.
Megan said fans' spirits were high ahead of England's opening match. England made a shaky start against Fiji to secure a bonus-point victory.
Natalia Shilyaeva and her partner, Juan, travelled to Cardiff to watch Ireland's opening match against Canada. The reigning Six Nations champions made a good start by scoring seven tries in a 50-7 win over the Canadians.
Japan made history after they beat two-time winners South Africa in Brighton. Japan's stunning victory made headlines around the world. Charlie Richardson was fortunate to capture this Japanese fan's reaction after seeing his team beat the Springboks in London.
Four days later, Japan had to find energy to face Scotland in Gloucester. Scotland kicked off their World Cup campaign with a bonus-point win over Japan. Picture: Paul Harrison.
Julia Snell and Jon Becklake woke up to this view outside Twickenham Stadium on the day of the England v Wales Pool A match. They were staying for the match. Wales came back from a 10-point deficit and an injury crisis to beat England in a thrilling match.
Meanwhile on the other end of the M4 motorway, Kath Edwards enjoyed her pre-match cuppa at her balcony in Barry, South Wales. She said it was great to see so many people wearing red to support the Welsh national team.
Anuj Ojha was in Wembley when he took this picture, showing Ireland and Romania fans leaving Wembley Stadium after the final whistle. Ireland chalked up another big win in front of a tournament-record attendance of 89,267. A Romanian player proposed to his girlfriend on the pitch after the match. She said yes!
Robert Childs posed for a picture with an Australia fan who dressed as a kangaroo outside Twickenham Stadium before England's crucial Pool A match against its Antipodean rivals. England crashed out of the World Cup after losing to the Australians.
Seoras Burns sent us this selfie of him and his friend, Priyesh, at the Olympic Stadium in London. They witnessed South Africa's 64-0 win over the United States. Springboks winger Bryan Habana scored a hat-trick to equal Jonah Lomu's record of 15 World Cup tries.
Rugby fans were greeted with the sight of a giant rugby ball on the wall of Cardiff Castle. The installation turned out to be a huge attraction for local and travelling rugby fans. Picture: Robert Childs.
Fanzones around the country prove to be a big hit with crowds. More than one million people have watched matches in fanzones, according to the tournament organisers. Mahmud Chowdhury took this picture showing people watching a match on big screens in Trafalgar Square in central London.
The Webb Ellis Cup, better known as the Rugby World Cup trophy, was on show at a fanzone in Newcastle before the Scotland v Samoa thriller. Liam Reid posed for a photo with the trophy.
Trevor Carden's family carved rugby-themed Halloween pumpkins to celebrate the Rugby World Cup final. New Zealand made history as they beat Australia 34-17 to become the first team to retain the title. The win proved to be a treat for the All Blacks fans but it was a cruel trick for the defeated Australians.
Thanks for sharing your pictures.
Produced by Paul Harrison
If you have been to a Rugby World Cup match or watched a match from your living room or your local rugby club, you can send them to us in the following ways:
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Question: Only one Welsh university got the highest possible score in a new ranking of degree teaching standards.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

The Teaching Excellence Framework (TEF) has rated 295 institutions bronze, silver or gold according to their standard of undergraduate teaching.
Bangor University was awarded gold, while five other colleges got silver. One - University of Wales, Trinity St David - got bronze.
Aberystwyth University and University of South Wales opted not to take part.
Across the UK, 59 institutions got gold, 116 silver and 56 bronze.
Others received a "provisional" ranking, where there was not enough data for a full assessment.
Bangor's vice chancellor John G Hughes said the ranking "reflects its impressive performance".
The TEF is administered by the Higher Education Funding Council for England and degree providers could choose whether or not to take part.
They were assessed on a range of measures, including teaching quality, student satisfaction, drop-out rates and whether students go on to employment or further study after graduating.
A gold award means a university is of the highest quality found in the UK, providing "consistently outstanding teaching, learning and outcomes for its students", while the silver award was given for consistently exceeding "rigorous national quality requirements for UK higher education" and bronze was awarded to those that met these national requirements.
Those awarded a bronze or higher are now set to be able to raise tuition fees, which currently stand at around Â£9,000.
"Bangor has maintained a strong commitment to the delivery of high quality student experience for many decades," Prof Hughes added.
"Not only do we link research and teaching, but we also provide personalised pastoral care, and provide variety and experimentation in our teaching and learning.
"We strongly believe that students deserve to be exposed to, and to be stretched by, the rigour and intellectual challenges of problem solving within their disciplines."
Dr Mirjam Plantinga, Pro Vice-Chancellor for Student Experience at University of Wales Trinity St David, said: "We are pleased that the panel has recognised good levels of student satisfaction with academic support, and assessment and feedback.
"Together with a focus on employer engagement and our distinctive culture, our TEF result reflects positively on the key values that underpin the UWTSD student experience".

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The university was awarded the honour after being ranked 28th in the UK overall.
Dundee is ahead of Glasgow and Edinburgh for the first time in the 2017 guide.
St Andrews, which was rated third overall in the UK, won the University of the Year for Teaching Quality.
The guide's editor, Alastair McCall, said "It is highly unusual for a university to retain any University of the Year award such is the competition now in the higher education sector to be the best.
"The University of Dundee achieved this feat in some style, however."
Mr McCall said Dundee proved it was possible to be "both an outstanding university and one at the cutting edge of research work."
He said: "The ratings it receives in the annual National Student Survey speak volumes about the quality of the teaching students receive and the wider university experience they benefit from.
"To now stand second in Scotland in our rankings ahead of big city rivals in Glasgow and Edinburgh is testimony to the outstanding quality of education on offer here, something of which the university should be rightly proud as it celebrates its 50th birthday in 2017."
The university's principal, Prof Sir Pete Downes, said: "Our ambition is to become Scotland's leading university in all the fields in which we work.
"Being named Scottish University of the Year for a second consecutive year by The Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide is something all staff and students can take pride in."
In the past week, Dundee University has been named in the top 200 world universities by Times Higher Education and top in the UK among the world's universities under 50 years old in the QS World University Rankings.
It also ranked of seventh in the UK for both student satisfaction with teaching quality, and the wider student experience, in the annual National Student Survey.
Glasgow University was ranked 29th in the UK in the Times and Sunday Times Good University Guide with Edinburgh and Heriot Watt in joint 37th place.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Prince Charles is being joined by his wife, the Duchess of Cornwall, for the second day of his Northern Ireland visit.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The Prince of Wales began the day by meeting the first and deputy-first ministers at Hillsborough Castle.
Arlene Foster and Martin McGuinness met the prince separately for briefings on local political and economic developments.
Later, Charles and Camilla will make a number of visits to local businesses.
Later, the royal couple will host a musical evening at the castle.
There will be traditional music and some local refreshments in this Northern Irish Year of Food and Drink.
Charles also visited the Portico Centre in Portaferry  County Down on Tuesday.
The centre is a former Presbyterian church that has been transformed to an arts and heritage centre at a cost of Â£1.5m.
Members of the local GAA club presented the prince with a hurley.
From Portaferry it was on to Portadown, where Charles and Camilla took part in an impromptu town centre walkabout.
They took time to shake hands with a small crowd of wellwishers before visiting the Yellow Door Patisserie, and travelling to the head office of Ulster Carpets.
The couple also visited Loughgall, County Armagh - taking in a trip to the Orange Order's heritage museum at Sloan House.
Donegal visit
On Wednesday, Charles and Camilla will visit County Donegal.
The visit to the Republic of Ireland is at the request of the government, and follows the couple's trip to the country last year.

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The patronages, including the NSPCC, Save the Children, Barnardo's and Battersea Dog's Home, will be passed on to other members of the Royal Family.
Rugby Football Union, the Lawn Tennis Association and the Royal Geographical Society are also affected.
The Queen is royal patron of more than 600 bodies - 433 of which she has been patron of since 1952.
Buckingham Palace said the announcement was the start of a process that would see patronages passed on to other Royal Family members in the coming months.
The Queen will continue to serve as patron to hundreds of charities and institutions but will now share this work with her family, the palace added.
This move follows the example set by the Duke of Edinburgh who resigned from a number of patronages around his 90th birthday in 2011.
This is an acknowledgement of advancing age.
Palace officials are characterising it as a gradual lightening of the Queen's load and such lightening has been going on for some time, with no fanfare.
It's an inevitable course of action when retirement is not an option.
She's undertaking fewer public engagements - 196 in the UK in 2014-15 and 177 in the following 12 months.
The Queen is unlikely to fly long-haul ever again seeing as Prince Harry represented her in the Caribbean last month. Prince Charles will also probably be in Canada, in place of his mother, next year.
And the challenge for a nonagenarian of standing for up to an hour at an investiture is eased by the fact other royals also conduct some of the ceremonies.
In the coming months and years, the Queen will continue to delegate duties to members of her family.
She will also continue to reign.
Read more from Peter
Other organisations which will be seeking a new patron include the Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust, the Royal School of Needlework, the Royal African Society, the British Science Association, the Institution of Civil Engineers, the Animal Health Trust and the Royal Geographical Society.
Prince Charles will replace the Queen as patron of the Holocaust Day Memorial Trust and the Royal Institution, while the Duchess of Cornwall will take over at children's charity Barnardo's.
The Countess of Wessex will take on the role of patron at the NSPCC and at Blind Veterans UK - a role which the Queen had taken over from her father in 1952.
Prince William will replace the Queen as patron of the Amateur Swimming Association while Prince Harry will become patron of the Rugby Football Union and the Rugby Football League. The Duchess of Cambridge will take over the role at the All England Lawn Tennis and Croquet Club (AELTC) in Wimbledon.
The announcement came as members of the Royal Family gathered at Buckingham Palace to begin their Christmas celebrations.
The Queen and Duke of Edinburgh traditionally host a festive lunch for their family before leaving for their private Sandringham estate, where they spend the holidays.
Prince William was seen arriving with the Duchess of Cambridge, Prince Harry and three-year-old Prince George.
The royal trio carried out their last official engagement of the year on Monday, joining a Christmas party in London for their mental health campaign organisation Heads Together.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A project to publish every letter ever written or received by Charles Darwin is expected to be completed after a £5m funding boost.

The Darwin Correspondence Project is jointly run by Cambridge University Library and Harvard University.
The newly-established Evolution Education Trust is one of a group of donors and has given £2.5m.
Project director Dr Jim Secord said: "We are deeply grateful for this visionary support."
The other donors are The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation, and the Isaac Newton Trust.
"The greatest threat to long running projects in the arts and humanities is that it's almost impossible to secure long-term funds," said Dr Secord.
"And so much project time is taken up in applying for, and managing, short-term grants.
"Now we can concentrate on finishing the job."
More than 15,000 letters have been identified since the project was founded in 1974 by the American scholar Frederick Burkhardt.
The letters are scattered across at least 200 institutions and private collections.
They take in every part of Charles Darwin's life from his school days onwards, and provide an intimate insight into his scientific development as well as his personal life.
"Darwin's conclusions about how all living things have evolved and are interconnected are among the most important ever made," said Dr Secord.
"Unlike his published works, Darwin's letters are vitally important in showing how science is done, with the constant gathering of new data, and the testing and questioning of theories and ideas."
So far 8,000 letters have been published, taking Darwin's correspondence up until 1870. More than 6,000 of them can be searched online for free at the Darwin Correspondence Project.
By the time the project is finished in 2022, 30 volumes of the letters will have been published.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'It has been losing ground against the euro for the past eight weeks, its longest downward streak since the single currency was introduced in 1999.\nLast week, it hit its lowest level in euro terms for a year. Against the dollar, it has fared even worse, plumbing depths not seen since mid-2010.\nIsn\'t this all rather sudden?\nIndeed. As recently as November, the pound was as high as â‚¬1.43, but it\'s been downhill all the way since then. Now it\'s flirting with the â‚¬1.30 mark.\nOver the same time period, against the US dollar, it\'s gone from being worth as much as $1.53 to about $1.43.\nThat makes it one of the worst performing major currencies, at a time when the UK economy has been considered to be stronger than many of its peers.\nAfter all, it has grown in every quarter since the start of 2013, whereas some eurozone countries are still seeing contractions.\nSo what happened?\nWell, the US Federal Reserve\'s decision to raise interest rates in December has highlighted the differences between the US and UK economies.\nLast year, there had been an expectation that when the Fed rate rise eventually came, the Bank of England would quickly follow suit.\nBut now that expectation has faded. The predicted timing of the next UK interest rate rise has shifted - first to late 2016, then to early 2017.\nThe current record low interest rate of 0.5% makes holding sterling less attractive and encourages traders to sell the currency.\nIs that all there is to it?\nNo, there are other factors at work as well, explaining the Bank of England\'s reluctance to raise interest rates.\nWeak economic data is casting doubt on the future performance of the UK economy, with inflation persistently well below the Bank of England\'s 2% target and earnings growth slowing down from a six-year high.\nEarlier this month, figures for November showed that UK industrial output had suffered its sharpest decline since 2013.\nLooking further ahead, investors are worried about the outcome of a referendum on the UK\'s continued membership of the EU.\nAs Andy Scott of foreign exchange services firm HiFX put it: "Concerns over the UK economy and the risk of a Brexit look likely to continue to haunt sterling."\nTraders are also generally more risk-averse in the light of the global turmoil caused by Chinese market problems and falling oil prices, which makes them reluctant to buck sterling\'s downward trend.\nWhat are the consequences?\nIf the pound\'s weakness continues, tourists will find that trips to Europe and the US are more expensive, with sterling buying fewer euros and dollars than last year.\nImported goods will also become more expensive when priced in pounds, which would fuel domestic inflation.\nUK exporters should, in theory, derive a boost from a weak pound, since their goods become cheaper in euro or dollar terms.\nHowever, the UK doesn\'t produce as many tangible exports as it used to: the country\'s service sector has recovered to the levels seen before the financial crisis, but manufacturing has not.\nHow long is this likely to last?\nAsk the Chancellor, George Osborne.\nHe recently warned that the UK was facing a "cocktail" of serious threats from a slowing global economy.\nHe added that this year was likely to be one of the toughest since the financial crisis, and that far from "mission accomplished" on the economy, "2016 is the year of mission critical".\nIn this context, the pound\'s latest woes seem a fair reflection of uncertainty ahead.\nIn the words of Esther Reichelt of Commerzbank, "the headwinds to the British economy have definitely increased."']" Match: "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'The value of the pound has been sliding on international currency markets, declining nearly 4% since the start of 2016.']"

An export bar was put in place to stop the sale of the Catholicon Anglicum. Its deadline was Monday.
The bar required that a UK organisation make a matching offer for the "crucial" Middle English-Latin dictionary to prevent it going abroad.
The British Library paid £92,500 for the manuscript.
It is regarded as one of the earliest examples of an English dictionary and is thought to have been written in the north of England around 1483.
Culture Minister Ed Vaizey put the export bar in place last year. At the time, he said the dictionary was of "outstanding significance" to the history of the English language and "fundamental to the identity and life of our nation".
It represented a "crucial milestone" in the evolution of the English dictionary, his department said, and was the only complete one in existence.
The only other known copy is held at the British Library, but it has lost leaves in several places.
It is believed the dictionary was written in Yorkshire, based on the dialect of the English words present.
The Catholicon Anglicum was written to help students with Latin composition during a time when many grammar schools were founded.
Meanwhile, the British Library also paid £116,500 for a printed manuscript that documents an argument between two bishops over the right of priests to marry.
The 16th Century manuscript, is thought to have been written by Stephen Gardiner, the Bishop of Winchester and Lord Chancellor of England.
It is considered to be an important document for the study of the English Reformation.
The British Library paid for it with help from an anonymous donor.
The culture minister said both purchases would make "a tremendous addition" to the British Library.
Head of history and classics at the library Dr Scot McKendrick added: "I am extremely pleased that the British Library has secured for the nation these two invaluable and unique witnesses to our history.
"We are committed to making them widely accessible online and to researchers in our manuscripts reading room, and we anticipate that study of these books will contribute enormously to our knowledge of their respective periods and subjects."
Another example of an export bar being used successfully involved the American singer Kelly Clarkson.
The star bought the former ring of author Jane Austen at auction for £152,450 in 2012. But after Mr Vaizey imposed an export bar the Jane Austen's House Museum in Hampshire found the cash to keep the heirloom in the country.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Kwesi Nyantakyi and Almamy Kabele Camara have been elected to fill two new Confederation of African Football seats on the Fifa Council.

Nyantakyi is president of the Ghana Football Association and Camara, from Guinea, is a Caf vice-president.
They will complete a seven-member African delegation at a meeting of the expanded Fifa Council on 13-14 October.
The meeting in Zurich should begin talks to expand the 2026 World Cup to 40 teams and start the bidding process.
Fifa president Gianni Infantino, who attended Caf's Extraordinary General Assembly in Cairo on Thursday, said: "Africa has a very important role in football.
"We have to move into action and let's give Africa the place it deserves in world football. Africa will benefit most from a proposed increase in the football investment program.
"It is my wish that a 40-team World cup will have at least two more slots for Africa. Caf must support Fifa to make this possible."
The election of Nyantakyi and Camara was Caf confirmed on Thursday after the pair had earned enough votes in a four-candidate contest.
Nyantakyi received one more vote than third-placed Ahmad of Madagascar in the election, which was decided by the 54 Caf member federations.
Camara and Nyantakyi will hold their seats only until 17 March, when they face re-election at the next Caf Congress, which is being held in Addis Ababa.
Also on Thursday, the assembly rejected a proposal from the Djibouti Football Federation to end the rule, introduced just four years ago, that restricted potential candidates for the Caf presidency only to members of its 15-man executive committee.
The rule has been seen as an attempt by long-serving president Issa Hayatou to hand pick his successor.

Chiyangwa, the president of Zimbabwe's Football Association stood unopposed at Cosafa's Annual General Meeting at Sun City in South Africa.
He takes over from Suketu Patel, who, according to Caf, decided not to stand for office having completed two terms as president.
In September, Patel had also withdrawn from the race for the two extra African places on the Fifa Council.
Another contender in the race for Cosafa president, Dr Danny Jordaan from the South Africa Football Association, had withdrawn as a contender before the vote.
Frans Mbidi of Namibia was voted in as vice-president for the next five years.