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Question: Wigan Athletic are set to appoint Portsmouth boss Paul Cook as their new manager, reports BBC Radio Solent.

Pompey offered Cook a lucrative new contract to remain at Fratton Park but, after heading abroad for talks at the weekend, he is set to rejoin the club he had two spells with as a player.
The 50-year-old's move is likely to be completed on Tuesday.
The League Two champions are entitled to compensation although it is not thought that will take long to resolve.
Cook has one year remaining on his existing deal with Portsmouth.
Meanwhile, interim manager Graham Barrow has left Wigan following their relegation to League One.
The Latics finished 23rd in the Championship, having parted company with former boss Warren Joyce in March.
Barrow took over as caretaker for the third time at the club, but he and three of his staff have now left.
He was previously manager of Chester, Rochdale and Bury before returning to Wigan as a coach in 2009.
Wigan chairman David Sharpe told the club website: "Graham has spent a large part of his professional career with Wigan Athletic over three spells, and has been with us during the highs and lows of the past eight years.
"Graham has been a great servant to the club as a player, a manager and a coach and on behalf of everyone at Wigan Athletic, we wish him all the very best for the future."
Head of medical Mick Rathbone, interim first team coach John Doolan and first-team fitness coach Jimmy Barrow have also departed.

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For example, '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Mark Drakeford said a new agreement on funding had removed a barrier to supporting the bill but parties would be "weighing it up" over the weekend.\nAMs will decide on Tuesday whether to support the UK government\'s Wales Bill.\nA UK government source said anger among assembly members about the bill was "synthetic".\nWales Office minister Lord Bourne has warned that a rejection in the assembly would stop the bill becoming law.\nThe Wales Bill includes new powers for the assembly and changes how devolution works. It has been criticised for potentially resulting in a reduction in law making powers for AMs.\nUKIP is expected to vote against the bill in the Senedd and the Tories are expected to vote for it, while Labour and Plaid Cymru are yet to make a decision.\nThe UK government narrowly avoided defeat in the House of Lords over the Wales Bill on Tuesday night.\nGiving evidence to the assembly\'s finance committee on Wednesday, Mr Drakeford said an agreement struck with the Treasury before Christmas on a "fiscal framework" which sets out how Wales will be funded in the future had removed a "barrier" to supporting the Wales Bill.\nThe framework details how a reduction to Wales\' block grant from the UK Treasury would be calculated when the Welsh Government takes control of some taxes, potentially including a portion of income tax.\nMr Drakeford said future funding was now a "neutral" matter with regard to the Bill and the deal did not guarantee support for it.\n"The fiscal framework is no longer an impediment to people voting for the Wales Bill if they think the Wales Bill is worth voting for on its own terms," he said.\n"Had we not had a fiscal framework that could be supported in that way it would have been a very significant barrier to supporting an LCM [Legislative Consent Motion] on the Wales Bill and the Treasury were very well aware of that."\nBut he added: "I don\'t think it\'s a foregone conclusion even today that the assembly will vote for the Wales Bill, which was still alive in front of the House of Lords yesterday.\n"So I think parties will be weighing it up over the weekend and into next week."\nA UK government source said there was "synthetic anger" in the assembly about the Wales Bill.\nThe source said there was "no appetite" in Westminster to prolong the process - and described the fiscal framework as a "remarkable deal" from the Treasury.\nThe Wales Bill would allow the Welsh Government to take partial control of income tax without having to call a referendum.\nIt also offers new powers to the assembly over its own affairs - such as how elections take place and the institution\'s name - as well as on energy and transport.\nAnd recent additions have been made, including power over teachers\' pay and conditions, and confirmation that Cardiff Bay has the power to bring in a smacking ban.\nLabour is likely to decide its position at a group meeting on Monday evening.\nHowever a Welsh Government source indicated that it is likely Labour will support the bill, with the argument that there may not be any further changes for a decade swaying some.\nUnsurprisingly, given the legislation is coming from a Conservative UK government, the Tories in the assembly will back it.\nThat would provide enough AMs for the vote to pass.\nBBC Wales understands Plaid Cymru will consult its national executive over the weekend and that several members think the party should vote against the bill.\nUKIP will vote against the bill as the party opposes the Welsh Government being able to take partial control of income tax without needing a referendum.\nA spokesman for the party said the clause in the bill removing the referendum requirement was a "breach of faith with the Welsh people calculated to perpetuate the belief that politicians cannot be trusted to keep their promises".']' should be close to '['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'It is not a "foregone conclusion" that AMs will back the next stage of devolution in a vote next week, the Welsh finance minister has said.']'

Peter Shirtliff also returns as a coach, having worked as assistant manager at the end of last season.
Ex-Sheffield United chief scout Lee Turnbull also joins the backroom staff.
The Latics continue to search for a manager to replace John Sheridan after he left for Notts County.
Steve Evans, most recently of Leeds United, rejected the offer to manage Oldham despite agreeing personal terms.


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Question: Cardiff Metropolitan University have secured promotion from Welsh Football League Division One title to the Welsh Premier League .

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

They won 3-0 at Taffs Well to see off Barry Town United's challenge for promotion.
In the north, Cefn Druids are the only Cymru Alliance side who can go up.
Leaders Caernarfon Town beat them 7-0 on Saturday, but they and second placed Denbigh Town do not have the necessary FAW domestic licences to play in next season's Welsh Premier.
Druids, who are currently third, need a point from their final game at Rhayader Town on Saturday to finish in the top two and earn a return to the top flight.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Ivor Jenkins replaces Dilwyn Jones as chairman.
The consortium consists of new president Gordon Craig, finance director Andy Ewing, commercial director James Lees with Andy Haslam a director and club accountant.
"I'm honoured to become chairman of such a big name in Welsh football," Jenkins said.
"Our ultimate aim is to challenge the leading clubs over the coming seasons for the Welsh Premier League title and Uefa Champions League football."
Bangor have won the Welsh Premier League title three times and are eight time winners of the Welsh Cup.


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Question: Grigor Dimitrov expects a tougher test from Andy Murray at the Australian Open on Sunday than when he ended the Briton's Wimbledon reign in July.

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The 23-year-old Bulgarian, seeded 10th, won their quarter-final tie at the All England Club in straight sets, with Murray, 27, well below his best.
They will meet on Sunday at around 09:30 GMT, with a place in the last eight at stake.
"That day it was not him out there. I think we all know that," said Dimitrov.
"You hardly ever see top players feel really flat early on in a match. It's a different scenario this time."
Murray made 37 errors as he lost in a little over two hours on Centre Court, and Dimitrov said afterwards that he had known from the knock-up that all was not well.
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The Scot was still searching for his very best tennis following back surgery, and had just begun working with coach Amelie Mauresmo following the departure of Ivan Lendl.
Both those issues are long since resolved, and Dimitrov added: "I think he has a lot to look forward to.
"Adding up the new team, it's all fresh. I think it's going to give him a bit more excitement to compete, which I'm certainly aware of.
"But at the same time, I feel that I'm pretty stable around me as well. The only thing I can do is get out there and play my tennis."
Murray, 27, holds a 4-2 lead over Dimitrov in previous meetings and won impressively when the pair last met at the Paris Masters indoor event in November.
That result helped the Briton, seeded sixth in Melbourne, put the disappointment of his Wimbledon defeat behind him.
"I try to look forward," Murray told BBC Sport. "It happens in every job, every part of life - sometimes you have bad days.
"I don't feel like I played my best tennis that day. The first week of Wimbledon I played some really good tennis, it was just unfortunate.
"I've trained hard, I've prepared well to get ready for this event and this year. I feel like I've played some good tennis so far. Hopefully I'll do the same on Sunday."
Murray and Dimitrov have been given the high-profile second night match on Rod Laver Arena, following the women's fourth-round match between Simona Halep and Yanina Wickmayer.
That decision means Australian hopes Nick Kyrgios and Bernard Tomic have still to play on the main show court, seen as a "snub" by some local media.
Tomic will play Tomas Berdych on Margaret Court Arena, before Kyrgios faces Andreas Seppi on Hisense Arena.
Lleyton Hewitt is the only Australian man to have played on Rod Laver Arena so far this year, but asked about the prospect of missing out again, Kyrgios said: "I don't mind. I'll request Court 20. I don't mind."

Murray, 29, came through an even first set via a tie-break, but found himself a break down early in the second.
But Edmund, who will rise into the top 50 after beating Spaniard Roberto Bautista Agut to make the least eight, then lost three straight service games to allow his compatriot through.
Murray will face Spain's David Ferrer in the last four.
It was a heartening performance from Edmund, who hung tough with Murray in the first set despite failing to win a single point off the Scot's first serve.
The 21-year-old Yorkshireman, who was ranked outside the top 100 in February, was edged out in the tie-break and then ran out of steam after a promising start to the second.
Murray has lost just once in 11 Tour level meetings with other Britons, going down in straight sets to Tim Henman in Bangkok in September 2006. He beat Edmund at the Aegon Championships quarter-finals at Queen's earlier this year in their only previous meeting.
The other semi-final will see Bulgarian Grigor Dimitrov play Wimbledon finalist Milos Raonic of Canada.
Dimitrov ended the challenge of Spanish second seed Rafael Nadal in the quarter-finals with a 6-2 6-4 victory.
It is the first time Dimitrov has beaten the 14-time Grand Slam champion and he is aiming to reach his third final of the year.
Raonic advanced after a 6-4 6-4 win over Spain's Pablo Carreno Busta.


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Question: A cyclist who saw a teenager die in a canal thought he must be violent because police were not going in to save him, an inquest has heard.

Ailish Tynan arrived at the canal at Walthamstow Marshes, east London, as Jack Susianta, 17, was "treading water".
An onlooker told Ms Tynan "the police have chased that fella into the water", she told St Pancras Coroner's Court.
The Met Police deny claims they refused to save the teenager in July 2015.
She told the inquest: "There did not seem to be any sense of urgency, which made me think 'Gosh, maybe he has got a knife' and 'Why is nobody doing anything?"'
She saw Mr Susianta, of Hackney, east London, "treading water like he was trying to stay in one spot" as police looked on from the grassy bank.
"Everyone seemed very hesitant," she added.
"I thought 'Gosh, this might be some kind of dangerous individual' because they had no-one going after him."
The inquest continues.

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Chiriac Inout was found in John Bright Street at about 23:30 GMT on 29 November, one of the coldest nights of the year.
Police are investigating after CCTV appeared to show someone searching his pockets while he laid in a loading area behind The Victoria pub.
An inquest date is yet to be fixed, the coroner's office confirmed.


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Question: A campaign to raise $2m (£1.3m) on Kickstarter to help fund the making of video game Shenmue III hits its target within hours.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The countdown to the start of the fund-raising campaign took place on stage during the Sony press conference at E3.
The press event also saw Sony announce that long-awaited game The Last Guardian would soon be released.
Open world action games Shenmue I and II are well-known among gamers and are often on lists of all-time best games.
Creator Yu Suzuki appeared on stage at the Sony event to say that he chose to crowd-fund the project to let fans have more of a role in bringing the game to life.
Other well-known games also featured during the press conference.
Many were surprised to hear that The Last Guardian was almost ready for release as it has been under development for almost a decade.
It is being put together by the team that worked on the widely praised Shadow of the Colossus, and involves the adventures of a young boy and a giant bird/cat hybrid creature called Trico who must escape from a derelict and dangerous castle.
Footage from the game showed Trico and the boy working together to solve puzzles and overcome obstacles as they make their way through the castle.
Sony also generated much comment among attendees by announcing that Final Fantasy VII: Remake will be coming first to PlayStation 4. The game will be a complete overhaul of the original that was first released in 1997.
Maybe the expectation was too high. Maybe it's being saved for another special event.
Whatever the reason, the VR -shaped hole in Sony's PlayStation conference will perhaps go down as something of a disappointment.
Andrew House, head of Sony Computer Entertainment, came on stage to announce that Project Morpheus - its VR headset - would allow multiplayer.
That means several people can sit in the same room, each with a headset of their own, but all playing with each other in the same game.
And that was it.
Imagine playing Morpheus with friends, Mr House said - except very few in the room could, as the gaming public hasn't yet experienced Morpheus without friends.
The headset will come out in the first quarter of next year, we're told, but we're still yet to get a firm date, or, crucially, a price.
But to be fair to Sony, we don't know for sure when we'll see VR headsets from anyone, be it the Oculus Rift or Valve's Vive (although they've promised this year).
VR gaming is coming, just not yet. The tentative steps made by all the major players suggest it's a technology all are nervous about unleashing to the public - an atmosphere of managing expectations.
Sony's game line-up was impressive, if a little light on genuine exclusives - save for exclusive add-ons, or extra content only on PS4.
The undoubted high point was the announcement of a remake of Final Fantasy VII. The room went utterly bananas.
British-made No Man's Sky - a "universe-sized" epic where thousands of worlds are automatically generated to be discovered - was staggering in its ambition, but the challenge will be in making it not feel repetitive.
The BBC will have its hands-on with the title later this week.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC
There was also news about an expansion for role-playing shooter Destiny called The Taken King. that pits players against a new powerful foe called Oryx and introduces new character classes. It is due to be released on 15 September.
Media Molecule, best known for Little Big Planet, unveiled the game it was working on called Dreams that lets people collaborate to make games or interactive stories.
The conference involved an appearance from the UK's Hello Games which said its No Man's Sky title would put players in a "universe-sized sandbox" throughout which players could explore and fight.
In a demonstration, the firm gave a sense of the scale of the game by showing space combat between rival factions, the map of the universe in which it was set, exploration of a previously unvisited system and planetary landing.
There were also a series of entirely new games on show during the press conference.
Horizon: Zero Dawn is a survival game set in a post-apocalyptic world in which all wild animals are strange robot hybrids.
In addition, Agent 47 will also return in a new instalment of the Hitman game that will be released on 8 December.
The press conference ended with a six-minute game play clip from Uncharted 4: A Thief's End which sees Nathan Drake make a hair-raising escape by driving a jeep through a busy town set on a steep hillside.
You can follow all of the BBC's coverage from E3 2015 via the hashtag, #e3bbc

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An effort to raise cash for a role-playing video game was exposed as a fraud by users of Reddit, Something Awful and other sites.
The project
          had $4,739 (Â£2,922) in pledges
 out of a target of $80,000 at the point it was pulled by its creator.
Kickstarter could not provide comment at this time. The site has successfully funded
          nearly 22,000 schemes
 since it was created in 2009.
Mythic: The Story of Gods and Men had promised "gameplay characteristics will be similar to that of World of Warcraft and the graphics quality should be up there with Skyrim".
The commitment to compete on an equal footing with big budget titles and a claim that "animations will be done via motion capture thanks to some friends at Disney/Pixar" raised suspicions.
The scheme also offered supporters the chance of being motion captured so that they could appear as a "god" in the game, a life-sized sword and a copy of the soundtrack recorded "at the Disney Studios" if they gave enough money.
Internet users subsequently reported that teaser screenshots had been copied from unrelated concept art and graphic design tutorial websites.
No money transferred hands as Kickstarter only charges backers' credit cards if a project attracts enough support before a time limit expires.
However, some users have raised concerns about whether the site was doing enough to vet applicants.
"What worried me the most is how Kickstarter allowed this to be posted in the first place," wrote David Kononen on the site's comments page.
"A simple Google search, and I found out for myself this was very shady."
The person responsible for the scam may have been trying to capitalise on the success of another video game.
The studio Double Fine recently raised over $3.3m from more than 87,000 backers to develop a new point-and-click adventure.
That sum has since been eclipsed by Pebble, an effort to build an e-paper based watch which has raised close to $7.7m in pledges, smashing its $100,000 goal with more than a fortnight to go before its deadline.


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Question: Richie Bennett stepped off the bench to fire a stoppage-time winner as Barrow beat North Ferriby for their first league success on the road this season.

Bennett, a 62nd-minute replacement for Ross Hannah, hit the crossbar in the closing stages before grabbing the decisive goal in time added on.
Neither side created a clear-cut goalscoring chance in a goalless first half.
Barrow's appeals for a penalty when Hannah collided with home goalkeeper Rory Watson were waved away, while North Ferriby striker Curtis Bateson flashed a shot-come-cross just wide.
Both sides went in search of the opening goal in the second period and Ferriby striker Ryan Kendall forced Barrow goalkeeper Joel Dixon into a good block in the 51st minute before team-mate Ben Middleton dragged a shot wide.
Bennett went closest to breaking the deadlock when he headed Jordan Williams' throw-in against the crossbar with five minutes left and then the substitute snatched a last-gasp victory, converting from inside the box.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, North Ferriby United 0, Barrow 1.
Second Half ends, North Ferriby United 0, Barrow 1.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Vinny Mukendi replaces Danny Emerton.
Goal!  North Ferriby United 0, Barrow 1. Richard Bennett (Barrow).
Substitution, Barrow. Andy Haworth replaces Byron Harrison.
Jordan Williams (Barrow) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Andrew Parry (Barrow) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, North Ferriby United. Connor Robinson replaces Ryan Kendall.
Substitution, Barrow. Euan Murray replaces Moussa Diarra.
Substitution, Barrow. Richard Bennett replaces Ross Hannah.
Ross Hannah (Barrow) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Second Half begins North Ferriby United 0, Barrow 0.
First Half ends, North Ferriby United 0, Barrow 0.
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.

Former Torquay United winger Niall Thompson scored a hat-trick, taking his tally to five goals in his last four matches.
Les Afful was also on target for City, who move up two places to 16th in the sixth tier of English football.
Truro's last victory came on 24 September, when they won 2-1 at Wealdstone in National League South.


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Question: Sunderland's leading goalscorer Jermain Defoe would be a "very good option" for Roy Hodgson's Euro 2016 England squad, says his manager Sam Allardyce.

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The 33-year-old scored his 15th Premier League goal for struggling Sunderland in Saturday's 3-2 win over Chelsea.
Tottenham's Harry Kane (25) and Leicester's Jamie Vardy (24) are the only Englishmen with more top flight goals this season.
"He can still do it at the highest level," Allardyce told BBC Sport.
"His record tells Roy that if he needs to score goals at the Euros, Jermain Defoe is there," added Allardyce. "If he needs the option, Jermain Defoe is a very good option for him."
Defoe's winner at the Stadium of Light means a victory at home to Everton on Wednesday (19:45 BST) would guarantee the Black Cats' survival.
The former West Ham and Spurs striker has now scored 15 of Sunderland's 40 league goals this season, and his goals have earned 14 of their 35 points. He has 18 strikes in all competitions.
Hodgson names his 23-man squad for Euro 2016 on Thursday, with doubts over the fitness of Arsenal's Danny Wellbeck.
Kane, Vardy, Manchester United captain Wayne Rooney and Liverpool striker Daniel Sturridge are expected to figure, with Arsenal forward Theo Walcott also in contention.
Defoe has 55 senior England caps but his last appearance was as a substitute in a 2-0 friendly defeat by Chile at Wembley in November 2013.
Allardyce added: "For the first time in a few years, he has consistently played week in, week out and delivered for us at Sunderland. He has delivered in a position people questioned whether he could deliver in, which is central striker on his own."

Manchester United's Luke Shaw has also been selected for the World Cup qualifier in Slovakia on 4 September.
It is the full-back's first call-up since breaking his leg last season, and he joins Manchester City's out-of-favour keeper Joe Hart in the squad.
Arsenal's Theo Walcott and Leicester's Danny Drinkwater are recalled, having missed out on a place at Euro 2016.
Everton captain Phil Jagielka has been selected, but club-mate Ross Barkley and Arsenal midfielder Jack Wilshere miss out.
Antonio, who joined West Ham from Nottingham Forest in September 2015, began his career in non-league football with Tooting and Mitcham United.
"I think he's in outstanding form," Allardyce told the FA website. "This is another lad with a great journey - it's a fantastic journey that he's been on, from non-league to now an international call-up.
"He scored nine goals in his first season and he's a terrific athlete, a good crosser and a goalscorer."
Manchester United captain Wayne Rooney, who also led the national side under Roy Hodgson, has been named in the 23-man squad.
Goalkeepers: Fraser Forster (Southampton), Joe Hart (Manchester City), Tom Heaton (Burnley).
Defenders: Gary Cahill (Chelsea), Nathaniel Clyne (Liverpool), Phil Jagielka (Everton), Danny Rose (Tottenham Hotspur), Luke Shaw (Manchester United), Chris Smalling (Manchester United), John Stones (Manchester City), Kyle Walker (Tottenham Hotspur).
Midfielders: Dele Alli (Tottenham Hotspur), Michail Antonio (West Ham United), Eric Dier (Tottenham Hotspur), Danny Drinkwater (Leicester City), Jordan Henderson (Liverpool), Adam Lallana (Liverpool), Wayne Rooney (Manchester United), Raheem Sterling (Manchester City), Theo Walcott (Arsenal).
Strikers: Harry Kane (Tottenham Hotspur), Daniel Sturridge (Liverpool), Jamie Vardy (Leicester City).
Chief football writer Phil McNulty:
Allardyce has yet to announce his captain but Rooney is expected to keep the armband despite England's dismal showing at Euro 2016.
There is a shock exclusion, with Everton's Ross Barkley missing out despite looking fitter and rejuvenated under new manager Ronald Koeman this season, with two goals already and the reward of the captaincy for last Tuesday's 4-0 EFL Cup win over Yeovil Town. The decision will be a bitter blow to the 22-year-old.
Barkley did not get any game time in France this summer and would have been hoping for a fresh start under Allardyce after Hodgson's departure, although there is a more pleasant surprise for Everton with the return of 34-year-old captain Phil Jagielka after he missed out on Euro 2016.
Manchester United's Luke Shaw makes a welcome return to the England squad now he is back in action after suffering a broken leg last season. Allardyce will be delighted to have such a quality option for the left-back position.
Arsenal's Jack Wilshere, whose selection for France despite a lack of match fitness was a gamble that backfired horribly on Hodgson, is left out but again there is better news for the Gunners with a recall for Theo Walcott, an absentee in France.
Walcott remains an unfulfilled talent at England level and this perhaps represents an unexpected chance, although Allardyce has always been an advocate of speed and width, which he provides.
It is hardly a revolutionary squad from Allardyce but certainly one that will provoke plenty of debate.


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Question: The Scottish SPCA has appealed for information after a bearded dragon was found on the loose in East Lothian.

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The charity was contacted on Wednesday when the creature was spotted near bins at Middleshot Square in Prestonpans.
It is now in the care of the Edinburgh and Lothian's Animal Rescue and Rehoming Centre in Balerno.
Animal Rescue Officer Darren Malcolm said: "The bearded dragon is underweight and was very cold when it was found."
He said: "It spent the night at a vets and now seems to be doing a bit better.
"We're not sure how this lizard came to be found outside.
"It may have escaped from home or could have been abandoned.
"It was very lucky to be discovered as it would not have survived for long in this cold weather."
Anyone with any information should contact the Scottish SPCA.

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The 30-year-old is expected to appear at Edinburgh Sheriff Court on Monday.
Earlier this month, a 16-year-old man was arrested in connection with the incident.
Peter Stewart, 43, and his brother James, 45, told police they had travelled from Aberdeen to buy a car and were subsequently stabbed in the Wardieburn area of the city on 8 April.


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Question: A glacier was still in place in Scotland within the past 400 years - 11,000 years later than previously thought - it has been suggested.

Dundee University geographer Dr Martin Kirkbride said a glacier may have survived in the Cairngorms as recently as the 18th Century.
Britain's last masses of slow-moving ice and snow were understood to have melted 11,500 years ago.
Dr Kirkbride studied the formation of corries in the Cairngorms.
A corrie is a basin-shaped feature created by glaciations in the mountains.
Using a technique called cosmogenic 10Be dating, Dr Kirkbride showed that a small glacier in a Cairngorms corrie piled up granite boulders to form moraine ridges within the past few centuries, during the period of cool climate known as the Little Ice Age.
Dr Kirkbride said: "Our laboratory dating indicates that the moraines were formed within the last couple of thousand years, which shows that a Scottish glacier existed more recently than we had previously thought.
"The climate of the last few millennia was at its most severe between 1650 and 1790.
"There are some anecdotal reports from that time of snow covering some of the mountain tops year-round. What we have now is the scientific evidence that there was indeed a glacier."
Dundee University said scientists had speculated that glaciers may have re-formed in the Highlands around the time of this Little Ice Age but hard evidence has proved to be elusive.
Dr Kirkbride teamed up with Dr Jez Everest at the British Geological Survey in Edinburgh, and the Cosmogenic Isotope Analysis Facility at the Scottish Universities Environmental Reactor Centre in East Kilbride, to carry out the research.
Dr Everest said: "This is exciting news, as for the first time we have shown that climatic conditions in Scotland allowed glaciation within the last half millennium, at a time when other glaciated areas, such as Scandinavia, Iceland and the Alps saw their glaciers grow to some of their largest sizes since the end of the last Ice Age.
"This has great importance when we start to reconstruct climate change in Scotland and the wider region over the last few centuries."
The dating technique used estimates the time since quartz crystals in granite boulders were exposed at the Earth's surface, based on measuring the concentration of beryllium-10 isotopes which form when the rock surface is bombarded by cosmic rays from deep space.
Dr Kirkbride's discovery is backed up by a parallel study by Dr Stephan Harrison, of the University of Exeter, and Dr Anne Rowan, of the University of Aberystwyth.
They have developed a model to simulate Little Ice Age climate in the Cairngorms, allowing them to calculate how much cooler and snowier the winter weather must have been to cause glaciers to form.
The models show that small glaciers would have been created in the corries by a cooling of air temperatures by 1.5C and precipitation increasing by 10%.
Dr Harrison said: "Our findings show that the Cairngorm mountains were probably home to a number of small glaciers during the last few hundred years - around 11,000 years later than previous evidence has suggested.
"It may be that such glaciers also existed in the Scottish Highlands and elsewhere during other cold periods after the main ice sheets had disappeared."
He added: "Present climate warming means there is little chance of a return of glacier ice to the Highlands for the foreseeable future."
Both studies are published in the latest issue of the journal The Holocene.

23 March 2017 Last updated at 10:34 GMT
Some of the first dinosaurs could have come from the UK.
This is according to new research by Matthew Baron, a scientist from the Natural History Museum.
He suggests that what we know about the evolution of dinosaurs, and where they first came from, might be wrong.
By looking at fossils Matt thinks that some of the first dinosaurs might have been around nearly 15 million years earlier that we thought.
And the exciting thing is, they could have lived around 245 million years ago in an area called Laurasia, which is now the UK.


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Question: The Pentagon says it has "secured an understanding" with China that it will return an underwater drone seized in the South China Sea.

China captured the US vessel in international waters on Thursday. It has not explained why and accused the US of "hyping-up" the incident.
US President-elect Donald Trump accused the Chinese of "stealing".
"We should tell China that we don't want the drone they stole back - let them keep it!" he tweeted.
The incident is among the most serious military confrontations between the two powers for decades.
The Pentagon said the drone, known as an unmanned underwater vehicle (UUV), was being used to carry out scientific research at the time it was captured and demanded its immediate return. It warned China not to repeat such a move in the future.
But a spokesman said later on Saturday that an agreement had been reached.
"Through direct engagement with Chinese authorities, we have secured an understanding that the Chinese will return the UUV to the United States," Pentagon spokesman Peter Cook said in a statement.
The Chinese defence ministry said the vessel would be returned in an "appropriate manner". It is not clear when this might happen.
It criticised the earlier US response, calling it "inappropriate and unhelpful".
Mr Trump had already inflamed the Chinese by speaking on the phone earlier this month with the leader of Taiwan, breaking a long-standing US practice on the China-Taiwan dispute.
What is the 'One China' policy?
For the earlier tweet, accusing the Chinese of stealing, he drew criticism online for misspelling the word unprecedented - the latest in a series of errors in his Twitter posts. He has now corrected the entry.
A Chinese Navy ship seized the unmanned drone 92km (57 miles) north-west of Subic Bay near the Philippines in the South China Sea on Thursday.
The craft was retrieved and examined to maintain the safety of passing vessels, China's defence ministry said in a statement.
The US said the unmanned drone was being operated by civilian contractors and was about to be retrieved by USNS Bowditch, an oceanographic research ship.
It made a formal diplomatic complaint to China over the incident.
Senator Ben Cardin, the top Democrat on the Senate Foreign Relations committee, called the seizure "a remarkably brazen violation of international law", while Senior Republican Senator John McCain said the US should not tolerate "such outrageous conduct".
Observers said the seizure was the most significant military incident between the two countries since a 2001 mid-air collision between a US Navy surveillance aircraft and a Chinese fighter jet that led to the death of a Chinese pilot.
It will likely add to US concerns about the growing military build-up by China in the South China Sea.
China has claimed territorial rights over parts of the region but its claims are disputed. It is not clear if China claims the territory in which the drone was seized.
A US think tank reported this week that aerial imagery shows that China has installed weaponry along seven artificial islands they have built at sea, despite US protests.
Flying close to Beijing's new South China Sea islands

A spokesman for the White House said the Russian planes flew close to the USS Ronald Reagan during a joint military exercise with South Korea.
Josh Earnest said the incident "did not result in significant confrontation".
US-Russia relations have deteriorated, particularly over the conflicts in eastern Ukraine and Syria.
Mr Earnest said there were "vigorous disagreements" between the two countries, but that the chill in ties did not reflect the events of the Cold War.
A US Navy official told Reuters news agency that two Russian Tu-142 Bear aircraft flew within a nautical mile of the Reagan.
The incident took place in international waters and air space in the Sea of Japan on Wednesday, according to the White House.
South Korean military aircraft first intercepted the Russian planes before the US jets escorted them from the area.
It comes days after a US Navy ship angered the Chinese government by sailing close to artificial islands built by Beijing in the disputed waters of the South China Sea.
The heads of the Chinese and US Navies held talks by video-link on Thursday.
The US Navy said that Admiral John Richardson and his Chinese counterpart Admiral Wu Shengli discussed the importance of maintaining dialogue.
The patrol by the destroyer USS Lassen on Tuesday has been seen as a challenge to China's territorial claims in the Spratlys, which are opposed by other countries in the region.
China's island factory
Why is the South China Sea contentious?


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Cricket appears to run in the blood for one County Londonderry family who have made history twice in one week.

Clarkie and Melanie Killen became the first father and daughter to officiate a senior game in Ireland, according to the North West Cricket Union.
The Drumahoe pair were in charge of Tuesday's game between St Johnston and Ballyspallen in the the Eric Cooke cup.
At the same time, Melanie Killen became the first ever woman umpire of a NWCU match.
"I like the sport, I've always been interested and I just wanted to give something back to it," Ms Killen told BBC Radio Foyle.
"I really hope that me being the first female official will encourage other ladies to come on board.
"The players helped me as well, it was really good to have my dad there just for that extra support."
Her father Clarkie has been umpiring for a while but it was only last winter that Melanie, a keen cricket enthusiast, decided to sit the Level 1 course.
She passed "with flying colours" according to her tutors, and is now looking forward to a bright future in the sport.
"I was nervous at the start, first game, but it went well. Once I got into the match, second innings came round and I got really into the game," Melanie said.
"I had a few decisions to make but I was able to make them easy enough. Everyone was very nice to me, breaking me in gently as they say.
"Also, the abuse I hear umpires get, I don't know if that's going to come my way or not. It's just having to deal with those situations as they arise," she added.
A spokesman for the NWCU said: "We would like to congratulate both umpires and extend a very warm welcome to Melanie in particular.
"In an era when the women's game is growing at a rapid rate it is fantastic to see that participation extended into the officials' ranks as well.
"We hope that Melanie has a long and successful association within the Union and who knows, maybe beyond, and that she serves as an example to other women within the sport."

represent the input
Examples:
Provided: "['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Assistant Chief Constable Rebekah Sutcliffe, 47, called temporary Supt Sarah Jackson "silly, vain and frivolous" for going under the knife.\nThe ruling has been released by Greater Manchester Police (GMP) disciplinary panel after a three-day hearing.\nThe panel recommended that Ms Sutcliffe receive a written warning.\nA statement from Supt Jackson said there had been "incorrect reports" of her involvement in the incident. She said she had not been a willing participant.\n"Despite not initiating or encouraging the incident, I greatly regret that members of the public had to witness it and that the reputation of Greater Manchester Police has been damaged by it, as these are two things I care very deeply about," she said.\nThe tribunal heard the officers were attending a Senior Women In Policing conference at Manchester\'s Hilton Hotel when Ms Sutcliffe told Supt Jackson her "credibility was zero" after she had a "boob job".\nShe said her colleague was a "laughing stock" who would be judged professionally "on the size of her tits".\nMs Sutcliffe went on to pull down the front of her dress to expose her left breast and said: "Look at these, look at these, these are the breasts of someone who has had three children.\n"They are ugly but I don\'t feel the need to pump myself full of silicone to get self-esteem."\nPanel chair Rachel Crasnow QC told Ms Sutcliffe she behaved "shockingly, cruelly and hurtfully to Sarah Jackson".\nShe added: "This case has taken Assistant Chief Constable Sutcliffe to the very precipice of dismissal - what has saved her has been her contrition, the steps she has taken and must continue to take to reform herself."\nMs Sutcliffe had admitted misconduct, but had denied gross misconduct.\nThe hearing was adjourned and the force\'s Deputy Chief Constable Ian Pilling will decide whether to enact the written warning recommendation at a later date.']" Match: "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'A top police officer who exposed her breast and mocked a colleague\'s "boob job" committed gross misconduct, a panel has decided.']"

Owen Cathcart, 14, beat off all competition at the Open World Junior Circuit on Sunday.
The event, which is run by the International Table Tennis Federation (ITTF), was held Belgium.
Owen won the Cadet Boys' Singles title beating Spain's Sergi Grau at the final hurdle in a hard fought five games.
Currently listed at number 57 in the Under 15 Boys' World Rankings, the Aquinas Grammar pupil put in "an inspired performance", according to the ITTF.
Keith Knox, who has coached Owen at Belfast's Ormeau Table Tennis Club since he was eight years old, said that the win is likely to push him much higher up the ranking.
"For myself and his Ireland coach John Murphy, this was equivalent to Carl Frampton winning the WBA," he said.
"No one from Northern Ireland or Ireland has won this tournament before.
"We're a small club at The Mount, near the Short Strand - right at an interface - and kids from both communities train together here and support each other.
"He's such a hard working lad, you could put him into any sport and he'd succeed. We're just really proud of him."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article:

Question: A man who fantasised about "putting a bullet in Prince Charles' head" has been detained indefinitely.

Mark Colborne, 37, of Southampton, was found guilty in September of plotting a mass cyanide attack from his bedroom after a retrial.
Jurors heard he had felt "belittled" for being a ginger, white male.
The Old Bailey heard how Colborne fantasised about assassinating Prince Charles in order for Prince Harry to become king.
A previous jury did not reach a verdict.
Colborne was detained under the Mental Health Act.
After the second trial he was found guilty of possessing handwritten notes and books related to making recipes for lethal poisons such as cyanide.
Prosecutor Annabel Darlow said Colborne's notes also expressed hatred for "non-Aryans" whom he referred to as "blacks and Caucasian idiots".
He bought ingredients over the internet, and stockpiled dust masks, metal filter funnels, plastic syringes and latex gloves at his home in Butts Road, jurors were told.
Colborne was cleared of intending to use the chemicals and paraphernalia as part of the terror plot.
He was arrested on 3 June last year after his half-brother and mother uncovered chemicals and handwritten papers detailing his racial hatred stashed in his bedroom.

Fatmir Mula, 39, who lives in London, had earlier been convicted at Luton Crown Court of the attempted murder of Elena Melnyk and Nicholas White.
He knifed Ms Melnyk in her armpit and stabbed her boyfriend Nicholas White, who suffered a lacerated liver and a deflated lung.
Mula was ordered to serve a minimum term of 11 years.
The court heard the defendant - a Kosovo national who lives in Newham - went to the Purple Contact Centre in Rothesay Road last July, a place used to facilitate contact between families after relationships have broken down.
Ms Melnyk, who lives in Bedfordshire, was waiting in the office when she was given the message her ex-husband wanted to speak to her, a jury was told.
He appeared in the doorway and the centre manager ushered them into a kitchen area where Mula suddenly produced a kitchen knife from his rucksack.
After stabbing his ex-wife in the armpit, he stabbed Mr White twice in the chest and once in the neck, injuring him so badly he had to be airlifted to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge.
Mula ran away from the centre by climbing out of a window, but was arrested the following day.
He denied two counts of attempted murder and possessing an offensive weapon, but the jury found him guilty.
He was given life sentences for both counts of attempted murder, both to run concurrently.
Passing sentence, Judge Richard Foster said he posed "a significant risk of inflicting serious harm on others, in particular future partners".
In an impact statement, Ms Melnyk said: "I know if he comes out he will be looking for me and finish what he started... that burden will be with me for the rest of my life."


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Major protests have been taking place in Ferguson, USA, after it was revealed that a white policeman won't be charged for shooting an un-armed black teenager.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

Media playback is unsupported on your device
25 November 2014 Last updated at 17:28 GMT
People there are angry at the Grand Jury decision not to take any action over the killing of Michael Brown in the summer.
Protests have also taken place in other US cities with American President Barack Obama calling on those who are angry to express themselves peacefully.
Here Jenny explains just why feelings are running so high in the US.

The footage shows Walter Scott's car being pulled over and Officer Michael Slager asking for his paperwork.
After Mr Slager returns to his police vehicle, Mr Scott opens his door and runs, leaving a passenger in the car.
Mr Slager was arrested on murder charges after another video showed him shooting at Mr Scott as he fled.
The newly released video from the officer's dashboard camera shows Mr Slager pulling over Mr Scott's Mercedes sedan due to a broken tail light, and asking for his drivers license and registration.
Mr Scott explains that he is in the progress of purchasing the vehicle and does not have the correct paperwork with him.
Although the video does not capture Mr Slager firing eight shots, gunshots and shouting are heard off-screen.
"Get on the ground now!" Mr Slager is heard shouting.
Later in the video, another police officer questions the passenger in the car and releases him. Lawyers for Mr Scott's family told CNN that they are looking for the passenger.
Mr Slager was fired on Wednesday from the North Charleston Police Department.
After video of Scott's death emerged, protesters chanted "no justice, no peace" outside the city hall on Wednesday, and they later held a candlelight vigil in honour of Scott.
They are the latest protests about police lethal force, which began after the killing of Michael Brown, a teenager in Ferguson, by a police officer who was not charged for his death.
April 2015: Walter Lamer Scott, 50, is shot eight times in South Carolina as he runs away from Officer Michael Slager. Mr Scott dies at the scene. The shooting is captured on video and Mr Slager is charged with murder.
December 2014: Jerame Reid, 36, is shot dead during a routine traffic stop in New Jersey. An officer claims Mr Reid was reaching for a gun, but video footage seems to suggest he was attempting to step out of the car, hands raised.
November 2014: Tamir Rice, a 12-year-old boy, is shot dead in a playground by Cleveland police after a local resident reports he is pointing a gun at passers by. The gun turns out to be a toy. A grand jury will decide whether police will face charges.
August 2014: Michael Brown, an unarmed 18-year-old, is shot dead by Officer Darren Wilson in Ferguson, Missouri. The shooting leads to protests, first in Ferguson and later nationwide. A grand jury decides not to charge Mr Wilson.
July 2014: Eric Garner, an asthma sufferer, is stopped by police in New York and placed in a chokehold after refusing to be handcuffed. He dies despite repeatedly telling officers he cannot breathe. No police are charged.
March 2014: James Boyd, an unarmed homeless man camping in Alberquerque, is shot dead by two officers. Video of the incident leads prosecutors to say the officers acted with "deliberate intention" and they are charged.
Clive Myrie: Will black Americans finally get a fair deal?
How one shooting sparked national protests
The cases where US police have faced killing charges


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: Postgraduate education in the UK is like an exclusive golf club, where only the wealthy need apply, claims the liberal think-tank, Centre Forum.

High fees and limited funding are increasingly squeezing talented graduates out of postgraduate study, it says in a report.
The current postgraduate funding scheme is "breathtakingly inadequate" and needs overhaul, say the report authors.
The government welcomed the report "as a useful contribution to the debate".
Postgraduate study is increasingly dominated by people who can pay course fees upfront, argues the study.
The lack of an undergraduate style loans system means poorer students are often unable to take up places on postgraduate courses, it says.
The report is particularly  critical of the government backed professional and career development loan scheme (PCDLS).
The scheme makes loans too hard to obtain, it says - in 2010 it helped only 5,700 graduates finance their studies, less than 3% of the total number of home students who started postgraduate courses that year.
The repayment arrangements are also too demanding say the report authors - the government pays the interest during the course, but as soon as it is over students must start repayments, including interest, no matter how little they may be earning.
The study draws on figures from the Higher Education Statistics Agency which suggest that the number of UK graduates enrolling on taught masters degrees is in decline in England, particularly among part-time students.
"There was a 4.5% fall in UK postgraduate participation at English institutions in 2011, while first year part-time enrolments in England fell by almost a quarter.
"Without policy intervention, these trends are likely to continue, the club is getting more exclusive", warn the authors.
"Even among graduates with the best first degrees, those from more affluent households are much likelier to be found on postgraduate courses".
With postgraduate qualifications increasingly required by employers, a proper strategy for funding postgraduate education is vital both for social mobility and to ensure that the UK has enough highly skilled workers, Centre Forum argues.
"No country has ever seen its growth rate fall because it has overeducated its population but there are plenty of examples of countries that have suffered from having too few skilled workers".
The report calls for the PCDLS to be scrapped and replaced by a new postgraduate loan scheme, similar to the existing undergraduate student loan scheme, which students start paying off once they start earning more than Â£21,000 a year.
The government should set up pilots to determine the best model for a new loan scheme "as a priority".
Universities should also raise funds from financial markets, donations and endowments to run postgraduate scholarship schemes for low income students, they argue.
A spokesman for the Department of Business Industry and Skills said the government was committed to supporting postgraduate study.
Funding for taught and research postgraduate programmes would increase by more than Â£200m in the two years to 2015, he added.
"We have asked Hefce [the Higher Education Funding Council for England] to review participation in postgraduate study, following the changes to undergraduate funding, as part of a longer term assessment and evaluation of the impact of funding changes."
Rachel Wenstone from the National Union of Students said: "You increasingly have to be either extremely rich, extremely lucky, or take an extreme gamble, taking on dangerous levels of debt, to take a master's in this country.
"The government needs to listen to experts and find an alternative that provides real support for students to pay their fees and support themselves while they study."
Nicola Dandridge from Universities UK, said: "The limited funding options available for postgraduate study are a cause for concern.
"It is not yet clear how changes to undergraduate fees will affect graduates' decisions on further study but it is right that postgraduate funding should come under closer scrutiny.
"Universities UK believes that there is a need for a solution which combines both public and private funding so that no-one with the ability and motivation to undertake postgraduate study is prevented from doing so by financial barriers."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

Louise Richardson was formally installed at a meeting of the university's ruling body at the Sheldonian Theatre.
"In an increasingly complex world the best may not be those who look and sound like ourselves," she said.
Professor Richardson was previously in charge at St Andrews.
She gave a speech to university dons at the congregation, before a procession to the Clarendon Building.
In the speech Mrs Richardson said: "'How do we ensure that they appreciate the value of engaging with ideas they find objectionable, trying through reason to change another's mind, while always being open to changing their own?
"How do we ensure that our students understand the true nature of freedom of inquiry and expression?"
She also said: "In an increasingly complex world the best may not be those who look and sound like ourselves.
"They may not be those who naturally think of coming to Oxford.
"Those with the greatest potential may not be those who have already attained the most.
"We need to seek them out."
Mrs Richardson was born in Ireland and studied at Trinity College, Dublin, and has degrees from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and Harvard. She became vice chancellor of St Andrews in 2009. She has also held a senior role at Harvard University.
Oxford University appointed its first head in 1230, and all of its vice chancellors have been men.
Prof Richardson, an expert in security and terrorism, was selected in May by a nominating committee headed by the university's chancellor, Lord Patten as the 272nd vice chancellor in Oxford's history.
Oxford is the latest high-profile university to appoint a female leader. Harvard University and Imperial College London are both headed by women.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Boris Johnson has said the UK has a "great, great future" outside the EU if it doesn't secure the reform it needs.

The London Mayor said his preference was to remain part of a reformed EU but is waiting to see the outcome of David Cameron's current renegotiation.
He said: "If we can't get the reform we need Britain has a great, great future elsewhere and outside."
Asked if he could campaign on the opposite side to the prime minister, he said "let's see what happens".
Mr Cameron is currently in Germany as he continues his efforts to renegotiate aspects of the UK's relations with the EU. Once the renegotiation is complete he will hold a referendum of whether or not the UK should stay in the European Union.
Mr Johnson told the BBC Mr Cameron's decision to allow ministers to campaign on either side of the argument had been the "right thing to do", saying people are "a bit internally divided".
He added: "It's something people have different views on, it's a question of principle - how far you think this country's sovereignty should be traded away or shared in exchange for EU membership."
Asked whether he could campaign against Mr Cameron in the upcoming referendum, Mr Johnson said "let's see what happens" and it's a "little bit previous".
He said Mr Cameron was "playing a difficult hand well" but it was important to be "robust" and recognise Germany and others would maintain good trading relations with the UK in any eventuality.
"We've got a good future either way," he added.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The prime minister, who will officially tell the EU of the UK's desire to leave on Wednesday, said her goal was a "deep and special partnership" after Brexit.
A "global Britain" could build new alliances outside the EU, she added.
But a group of pro-Remain MPs said she would struggle to meet her goals and must be held accountable if she fails.
Ahead of formally triggering Brexit using Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, Mrs May spoke on the phone to EU Council president Donald Tusk, European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker and German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
On Wednesday, the prime minister will officially tell the EU's other 27 members that the UK wants to pull out, just over nine months after the British public backed withdrawal by a margin of 51.9% to 48.1% in a referendum.
By triggering Article 50, Mrs May will set in motion a two-year process in which the terms of exit will be negotiated. Unless both sides agree to extend the deadline for talks, the UK will leave on 29 March 2019.
Get news from the BBC in your inbox, each weekday morning
The two sides will also try to agree the basis of the UK's future relationship with the EU although some experts, including the former top civil servant at the Foreign Office, have said this could take many more years.
Speaking at a Qatari investment forum in Birmingham - where the Gulf State announced Â£5bn of further investment in the UK - Mrs May said this was "one of the most significant moments the UK has faced for many years".
"Tomorrow we begin the negotiations to secure a new deep and special partnership with the European Union. As we do so I am determined we should also seize this historic opportunity to get out in to the world and to shape an even bigger role for a global Britain.
"This means not just building new alliances but going even further in working with old friends who have stood alongside us for centuries."
A group of MPs who all backed the Remain campaign in last year's poll and are now part of the Open Britain group said the "phoney war" was coming to an end and voters must be able to hold Mrs May to account over whether the UK emerged stronger and more prosperous outside the EU.
Although the group, including former Lib Dem leader Nick Clegg, ex Conservative education secretary Nicky Morgan and Labour's ex-shadow chancellor Chris Leslie, said they wanted the best outcome for the country, they feared this was unlikely as the PM's approach was fraught with contradictions.
The PM has said the UK will leave the single market but wants the greatest possible access to it and while leaving the customs union as it stands, she wants a similar arrangement that provides "frictionless" trade across borders.
Mrs May, they said, should be judged not only on the promises her government had made in recent months but on the "expectations" they said people had when they voted Leave last year, including that Brexit would lead to a fall in migration and free up extra funding for the NHS and other domestic services.
"A clear direction of travel has been set by the government and it is largely based on that set by the Vote Leave campaign," they said.
"Vote Leave and the government have made specific promises: leaving is a cost-free option, trade will be enhanced not hampered, there will be major savings from the EU budget, core arrangements with the EU, for example over national security, will remain unchanged and the integrity of the UK will be protected".
They added: "There is no mandate for the form Brexit takes. Responsibility for the outcome now rests with those conducting negotiations and those advocating a hard Brexit."
But Mr Duncan Smith, the former work and pensions secretary and leading Brexit supporter, said that the EU had "decided to leave the UK" in the late 1980s when it embarked on what he said was a one-way process of economic and political union.
Writing for the ConservativeHome website, Mr Duncan Smith suggested that, from that moment on, the UK's exit had been largely inevitable and he was confident about what lay ahead.
"We do so with political leaders in the EU beginning to use common sense terms as they now speak of needing good arrangements with the UK to protect their markets and their access to financial services.
"After all, it must be in everyone's interest, as European Commission President Juncker said the other day, for the UK and EU to part as friends, co-operating and trading."
On a visit to Brussels, London Mayor Sadiq Khan said the EU should enter the talks with confidence and would be making a mistake if it sought to punish the UK for deciding to leave.
"I say this with friendship and all due respect," the Labour politician said. "But a bad Brexit deal that hurts London would hurt the EU too...There is no need - as some have suggested - for the EU to send a message or to instil fear by punishing the UK.
"Because a proud, optimistic and confident institution does not secure its future by fear."


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
The provided query could be '['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.', 'Eleven workers were taken to hospital after lime was "inadvertently released" inside Dublin\'s new incinerator plant on Wednesday night.']' and the positive '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Staff at the Dublin Waste-to-Energy plant complained of breathing problems, blurred vision and nausea, according to Irish broadcaster, RTÃ‰.\nNine were discharged from hospital, but two were kept in overnight.\nThe plant\'s operators said the lime was "contained within the building and did not escape into the environment".\nA spokesperson for Dublin Waste-to-Energy Ltd said the company was "investigating the incident thoroughly".\nIt is also co-operating with investigations by the Environmental Protection Agency and Health and Safety Authority.\nThe plant at Poolbeg started to incinerate waste for the first time last Thursday in what its operators described as its "important \'first fire\' milestone".\nThe operators said the safety of its employees and contractors was of "utmost importance".\n"Late on Wednesday night, a small amount of lime was inadvertently released inside the flue gas treatment area during the commissioning and testing of the Dublin Waste to Energy plant at Ringsend," their statement said.\n"At the time, there were a number of workers in an adjacent area. As a precaution, eleven workers were sent to St Vincent\'s Hospital nearby for medical evaluation."\nThe statement added: "We are investigating to understand what exactly occurred, but it appears from preliminary investigation that the release of the lime was due to a problem with a door seal in the fabric filter bag house."\nThe facility was developed with the aim of reducing Dublin\'s reliance on exporting waster or sending it to landfill.\nThe operators have said the project will divert up to 600,000 tonnes of waste from landfill and export, while generating electricity "for at least 80,000 homes".']' and the negative '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', "A 17-year-old boy has been arrested. A 14-year-old arrested earlier was released without charge.\nA spokesperson for the fire service said it was alerted to the blaze at Dawn Paper's premises on Donore Road at around 22:00 local time on Saturday.\nThe fire service said it expected to have crews at the site for the rest of the day.\nThe roof of the building has collapsed and what remains of it is expected to smoulder for a number of days.\nAt one point during the night 12 units of the fire brigade tackled the blaze.\nThere are no reports of any casualties.\nDawn Paper was established in 1988 and the company manufactures industrial cleaning paper and domestic tissue paper products for the Irish market."]'

Question: Europe's Lee Westwood says Tiger Woods' role as a USA vice-captain for the Ryder Cup could have an "adverse effect in the team room".

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article:

Woods, a 14-time major winner, will be one of Davis Love III's four vice-captains in Minnesota on 30 September.
Former world number one Woods, 40, has won only one of the six Ryder Cups he has competed in.
"People have always seemed to try to do too much when they have partnered him," Westwood, 43, told ESPN.
"It might be different if he's one of the vice-captains - you don't know."
Media playback is not supported on this device
Europe, the defending champions, have won six of the past seven Ryder Cups.
Westwood, who has seven Ryder Cup victories from nine appearances, is one of captain Darren Clarke's three wildcard picks in a 12-man Europe team featuring six rookies.
Westwood said of the USA: "They have got a strong side and probably are favourites, but they haven't won it for a while and they are playing in front of a home crowd.
"There is a lot of pressure on them. That is going to keep building in the next week or so and by the time the Ryder Cup comes around it is going to be pretty intense for them."
Former world number Woods, out since October 2015 with a back injury, hopes to return to action next month.
Find out how to get into golf with our special guide.
We've launched a new BBC Sport newsletter, bringing all the best stories, features and video right to your inbox. You can sign up here.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Woods, 38, has been suffering from a persistent back problem and had failed to qualify for the US team automatically.
Nevertheless, Watson was considering Woods as one of his captain's picks.
"My primary wish is for Tiger to be healthy and competitive," said Watson. "I hope that he'll return very soon."
Woods had surgery on his back injury in March and has been told not to play by doctors after aggravating the problem at the recent WGC-Bridgestone Invitational in Ohio.
He said he was pain-free at the US PGA Championship a few days later but re-injured himself before his second round and went on to miss the halfway cut for just the fourth time in 66 majors as a professional.
"Of course, I'm disappointed that Woods has asked not to be considered for the US Ryder Cup Team, and that his health is not where he would like it to be," added Watson.
"However, I think we can all agree that we need Woods in this great sport, and he has taken the high road by informing me early on in the selection process."
"My focus will remain on identifying three players to join the US team and give us the best chance for success at Gleneagles," he added.
Former Ryder Cup player Andrew Coltart believes Watson will be relieved by Woods' decision.
"I don't think necessarily it's going to be a bad thing for the US team," said Coltart, who lost to Woods in the singles at Brookline in 1999, the only time the 14-time major winner has been on a winning team.
"Certainly it's a bit of a relief for Tom Watson because it was a huge decision that he was going to have to come up with. The decision has been made for him."
He added on Sky Sports: "Watson getting the freedom to pick somebody else, I think will possibly make that American team a little stronger."
Europe will go into the tournament in Perthshire, Scotland, which takes place between 23-28 September, as the holders.
Jose Maria Olazabal's team beat the United States 14.5-13.5 at the Medinah Country Club in Illinois in 2012.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Neymar scored the winning penalty as hosts Brazil beat Germany 5-4 on penalties in Rio to win their first men's Olympic football gold medal.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The game finished 1-1 after extra time, with Neymar's first-half free-kick cancelled out by Max Meyer's strike.
In the shootout, Germany's Nils Petersen had his penalty saved by Weverton before Neymar won it.
It comes two years after Germany thrashed Brazil 7-1 in the 2014 World Cup semi-finals in Belo Horizonte.
In front of 78,000 at the Maracana, Brazil got a measure of revenge as they finally won the Olympic title after losing in the finals in 1984, 1988 and 2012.
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Barcelona forward Neymar, who missed the World Cup semi-final through injury, opened the scoring with a fine 25-yard free-kick, but the hosts were lucky to go in at half-time with the lead.
Germany hit the woodwork three times in the first half - through Julian Brandt's 25-yard effort, a deflection off a Brazilian defender and Sven Bender's header - before they scored a deserved equaliser shortly after the restart.
Bender passed to the overlapping Jeremy Toljan and he found the unmarked Meyer, who arrowed a low shot into the net.
Neither side could find a winner before the drama of the penalty shootout gave Brazil the gold.
Goalkeeper Weverton said: "The gold is ours, but it belongs to God. God loves Neymar like he loves all this team."
Neymar added: "This is one of the best things that has happened in my life. That's it."
Two years ago, World Cup hosts and tournament favourites Brazil suffered their heaviest ever World Cup defeat as they fell 5-0 behind inside 29 minutes on their way to that 7-1 thrashing by the Germans.
Before the Olympic final, Brazil coach Rogerio Micale tried to play down talk of a "revenge" victory.
He pointed out that none of his players were involved in the World Cup semi-final - with the Olympic squads only able to feature three players aged older than 23.
"That was the World Cup, this is the Olympic team,'' said Micale. "Neymar never played in that match so there is nothing that could generate any type of feeling that we have to take revenge.
"It is a different time with different players and ages."
Nevertheless, the capacity crowd created a fantastic atmosphere in the Maracana and got the result they desperately craved.
Nigeria won their first medal of the 2016 Olympics as they beat Honduras 3-2 in the bronze-medal match, with Sadiq Umar scoring twice and Aminu Umar scoring once.
Chelsea midfielder John Mikel Obi, who captained the Nigeria side, said: "I am so proud of this team, the boys worked so hard.
"It is very important, because football in Nigeria is absolutely massive. We had extra pressure perhaps, but we have done it for us, for our family, for Nigeria."
Nigeria held a 3-0 lead before Honduras, who qualified from the group phase at Argentina's expense, scored twice through Antony Lozano and Marcelo Parera to set up a tense conclusion.
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The hosts were 9-5 down in the second half but clawed themselves back into contention as Olivia Hompe netted an equaliser with two minutes to play.
Neither side managed a shot in the first period of extra time but Megan Whittle hammered home the golden goal winner to secure bronze in Guildford.
It is England's first World Cup medal since 2005 - Canada play USA for gold.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A chronology of key events

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

1993 January - Vaclav Havel elected president of the Czech Republic following Czechoslovakia's "velvet divorce". Vaclav Klaus of the Civic Democratic Party (CDP) carries on as prime minister with the privatisation of the public sector as his top priority.
1995 - US-funded Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty relocates from Munich to Prague.
1996 June - Klaus reappointed as prime minister in a minority coalition government following the Czech Republic's first general election since independence.
1997 October - President Havel urges Czechs to fight "latent racism" in society after hundreds of Gypsies claim persecution and seek asylum in Canada and the UK.
1997 November - Klaus government resigns following collapse of coalition amid mounting disquiet over the economic reform programme and allegations of financial corruption. Caretaker administration led by Josef Tosovsky takes over.
1998 January - Havel re-elected president for a further five years.
1998 July - Following general elections, Milos Zeman, leader of the Czech Social Democratic Party (CSDP), becomes prime minister. Negotiations with the CDP lead to the "opposition agreement" which ensures a full term for the Zeman government.
1998 October - Relations with Iran and Iraq come under strain when Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty starts new broadcasts to both countries from Prague.
1999 March - Czech Republic becomes full member of Nato.
1999 November - Czech government bows to international and national pressure and orders the demolition of a controversial wall in the northern town of Usti nad Labem built to segregate the homes of Gypsies from those of other residents.
2000 January - CDP renews agreement to support Zeman's minority CSDP government.
2000 October- Start-up of first reactor at Temelin nuclear power plant causes outcry in neighbouring Austria which threatens to block Czech EU membership.
2001 January - The biggest street protests since the overthrow of Communism and a strike by journalists lead to the resignation of Jiri Hodac as director-general of state television. Hodac is widely seen as a political appointee and accused of compromising editorial independence.
2001 April - Vladimir Spidla elected chairman of ruling Social Democrats after Prime Minister Milos Zeman steps down as party boss. Zeman stays on as prime minister pending elections.
2001 November - Czech government and Austria's Chancellor Schuessel move to settle dispute over Temelin nuclear power plant by agreeing tough measures to improve safety and monitor impact on environment.
2002 April - Parliament votes unanimously to reject calls by neighbouring countries for the repeal of the post-war Benes decrees which led to the expulsion of over two and a half million ethnic Germans.
2002 June-July - Social Democratic Party led by Vladimir Spidla tops the poll in elections but wins only 70 seats in the 200 seat parliament. Spidla forms coalition with centrist alliance of Christian Democrats and Freedom Union. The Communists come third in the election with 41 seats, scoring by far their best result since the Velvet Revolution.
2002 August - Prague suffers its worst flooding in 200 years as torrential rain batters central Europe; other towns and villages across the country are also devastated. Floodwaters spare the city's historic Old Town.
2002 December - EU summit in Copenhagen formally invites Czech Republic to join.
2003 February - Former prime minister Vaclav Klaus elected president. He succeeds Vaclav Havel.
2003 June - Czechs vote at referendum in favour of going ahead with EU membership in 2004.
2004 1 May - Czech Republic is one of 10 new nations to join the EU.
2004 June-August - Vladimir Spidla resigns as prime minister. Stanislav Gross is appointed premier. A new coalition government involving the same parties is approved by parliament in August.
2005 April - Stanislav Gross resigns as premier following allegations about his financial affairs. Coalition partners agree to form a new government headed by Social Democrat Jiri Paroubek.
2006 June - General elections result in a hung parliament.
2006 September - President Klaus appoints a centre-right government led by Mirek Topolanek of the Civic Democratic Party. The government loses a confidence vote in October.
2006 November - President Klaus appoints Mirek Topolanek as prime minister for second time. Talks begin on forming grand coalition.
2007 January - Parliament narrowly approves a three-party, centre-right coalition.
2007 March - Government says it will begin negotiations with the US on Washington's plans to build part of a missile defence shield in the country.
2007 June - US President George Bush visits. Hundreds protest against US plans for a radar base near Prague which would be part of a missile defence shield.
2007 December - The Czech Republic joins the EU's Schengen Treaty free movement zone.
2008 February - Vaclav Klaus re-elected as president.
2008 July - Czech Republic signs agreement allowing US to base components of its planned missile defence system on Czech territory. Russia threatens "retaliatory steps".
2009 March - Centre-right government led by Mirek Topolanek loses parliamentary vote of confidence. Mr Topolanek resigns.
2009 May - Economist Jan Fischer forms interim government to run country until expected early election in the autumn.
2009 September - Early parliamentary election is postponed after Constitutional Court rules that it would be unconstitutional.
2010 February - Small far-right Workers' Party outlawed, the first ban on a party for political reasons since fall of communism in 1989.
2010 May - Left-wing Social Democrats (CSSD) win most votes in general election, but not enough to form a government. Election runner-up the Civic Democratic Party (ODS) begins talks with smaller parties on forming a centre-right coalition.
2010 June - ODS leader Petr Necas forms a coalition government with the right-wing TOP 09 party and the centrist Public Affairs party.
2010 September - Proposed government spending cuts trigger mass protest in Prague.
2010 October - Opposition Social Democrats win control of Senate in mid-term elections, allowing them to obstruct government's austerity plans.
2011 December - Vaclav Havel dies. A week of mourning is declared. He is given a state funeral, which is attended by many world leaders.
2012 February - Senate approves legislation allowing for the Czech president to be elected by popular vote instead of being chosen by parliament.
2012 August - Though he is opposed to the change to direct elections to the presidency, Vaclav Klaus signs the bill into law.
2013 January - Former prime minister Milos Zeman beats conservative Foreign Minister Karel Schwarzenberg in the Czech Republic's first direct presidential elections. He takes office in March.
2013 June - Prime Minister Necas resigns amid a bribery and spying scandal.
President Zeman appoints an ally, Jiri Rusnok, as prime minister and tasks him with forming a caretaker government.
2013 July - New "government of experts" is sworn in.
2013 August - New government headed by Jiri Rusnok loses a confidence vote in parliament. MPs vote to dissolve parliament, paving the way for early elections.
2013 October - Parliamentary elections: The Social Democrats win the most votes but not enough to govern alone.
2013 December - The Social Democrats reach a coalition deal with the anti-corruption ANO movement and the centre-right Christian Democrats.
2016 July - "Czechia" is officially confirmed as alternative short English name for the Czech Republic.

Here is the story of the two countries' entangled history, told through pictures.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: A snowsports centre in Scotland has been described as having the "best powder snow on the planet".

The conditions at Glencoe Mountain Resort, which are highly sought after by skiers and snowboarders, followed heavy snowfalls over the last few days.
Snowaction magazine has rated the centre as having the best powder snow of any of the world's ski resorts at the moment.
The last day of skiing at Glencoe for the 2014-15 season is 4 May.
A spokesperson for Glencoe Mountain said: "Conditions for this time of year are truly exceptional.
"The conditions are more like what you would expect on a midwinter.
"Normally by the May weekend we are skiing on large patches of snow."

Ski-Scotland said the season had 235,303 skier days and generated about Â£23.7m for the Scottish economy.
But that was down on the November 2012 to May 2013 season when there were 290,996 skier days, raising more than Â£29m.
High winds and snow that was too deep have been blamed for the fall.
Ski centre staff were sometimes spending more time digging out runs, tows and chairlifts than they were selling tickets.
In total, the latest season had 441 operational days across Scotland's five resorts - CairnGorm, Glencoe, Glenshee, Nevis Range and The Lecht.
Heather Negus, of Ski-Scotland, said: "Back at the end of January, there was deeper snow on most of Scotland's upper pistes than there was in world-renowned resorts in the Alps, Pyrenees and even the Rockies.
"In fact, some pistes in the Highlands were twice as deep as those overseas - and the snow kept on coming and coming."
A skier day means one person who skis or snowboards on one day. Many of the same people return to the slopes several times during the season.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A man who bludgeoned his estranged wife to death with a dumbbell after moaning she had been treating him "like a slave" has admitted murdering her.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Francis Santhio, 53, attacked 49-year-old Amelet Francis at her home in Toryglen, Glasgow, on 4 September.
The couple's eldest son discovered his mother's body and Santhio was later arrested after making a tearful confession to another of his children.
He faces a mandatory life sentence when he is sentenced at a later date.
The court heard that Sri-Lankan born Santhio and his wife had been married since 1989, but he later became estranged from his family.
He lived at a flat in the city's Govan area while his wife stayed in Toryglen with their three sons.
On the morning of the murder Santhio was seen approaching his wife at mass at a local church.
Later in the day, their eldest son got a call at work to say something had happened to his mother.
He immediately called her home and his father answered stating: "She can't speak - there has been an accident."
Their son rushed to the flat and discovered the door unlocked.
Describing the horror he eventually found in a bedroom, prosecutor Bruce Erroch said: "On looking through the door, he saw his mother on her back on the floor.
"She was covered in blood and suffering from an obvious head injury.
"He immediately thought she was dead and did not fully enter the room."
The son dialled 999, but paramedics could not save his mother.
After the killing, an emotional Santhio turned up at the school of one of his other sons.
He told him Amelet had fallen after he hit her and that she "could not get back up".
Santhio was soon detained by police near the scene.
On being told his wife was dead, he said: "She treated me like a slave. She retained my passport and kept my money."
The court also heard that, while on remand, Santhio called his daughter, who had not heard from him for two years.
He admitted he had got "angry" with Amelet and smacked her on the head with a weight.
Mr Erroch told the court Amelet suffered "multiple fractures to the skull" consistent with being hit with a "heavy object".
The court also heard Santhio had previous convictions including "instances of domestic abuse" towards his wife.

Dempsey Nibbs, 69, killed Judith Nibbs, his partner of 30 years, after he became angry when she admitted to having affairs.
The crane driver, from the Charles Estate in Hoxton, must serve a minimum of 21 years.
Ms Nibbs was attacked with an iron bar in April 2014, the Old Bailey heard.
More on this story and other news from London
Nibbs, who has prostate cancer, claimed he had acted in self defence and that he thought Ms Nibbs was a "snake" - but jurors heard he had shown no sign of mental illness.
The Recorder of London Nicholas Hilliard QC told him: "I'm sure you don't regret your wife's death save for its effect on your own comfort and well-being."
Defence lawyer Ian Henderson QC told the court that Nibbs acknowledged that his ill health meant he would die in jail.
Nibbs attacked the mother of his two children after she had taunted him that she had had affairs.
After knocking her unconscious with the iron bar, he then cut off her head before attacking it with a mallet.
He then wrote a note to his son and called 999 to say two bodies would be found at the property.
When police arrived, Nibbs was attempting to stab himself. Officers broke the door down before grappling with Nibbs who was armed with a shotgun and knife.
Jurors heard that their relationship soured when he suspected Ms Nibbs of having affairs.
Their son said that since his mother no longer had to care for his younger sister, Nibbs felt she had changed and was not the "housewife" she used to be.
During a row Ms Nibbs admitted seeing other men, taunting her partner by saying: "I have had sex eight times."
The next day she inadvertently predicted her own killing as she left work with the words: "If I'm not in Friday, I might be dead."
Nibbs told the court that he had only meant to "slap her around a bit" and it was only after she was dead that he cut her head off in anger because she "betrayed" him.
But Judge Hilliard rejected Nibbs's claim he only initially "tapped" his wife on the head with a metal bar to get her attention.
Cutting her head off was an act of "grotesque savagery" in revenge for her perceived "treachery", Judge Hilliard added.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Chancellor George Osborne has warned the UK has to "act now rather than pay later" ahead of next week's Budget, with further spending cuts planned.

He said the cuts would be "equivalent to 50p in every £100" of public spending by 2020, which was "not a huge amount in the scheme of things".
He told the BBC's Andrew Marr Show that the world was "more uncertain" than at any time since the financial crisis.
He said the UK needed to live within its means to withstand economic shocks.
Labour shadow chancellor John McDonnell called for more long-term investment to enable the UK economy to "withstand the global headwinds".
Mr Osborne warned of cuts to come in his upcoming Budget on 16 March in a BBC interview last month.
Speaking on the Marr Show, Mr Osborne said the world was now "a more difficult and dangerous place" and warned about the state of the global economy.
While Britain was better placed to cope with economic shocks compared with 2008, it was "not immune to what's going on", he said.
"My message in this Budget is that the world is a more uncertain place than at any time since the financial crisis and we need to act now so we don't pay later," he said.
"That is why I need to find additional savings equivalent to 50p in every £100 the government spends by the end of the decade, because we've got to live within our means to stay secure.
"That's the way we make Britain fit for the future."
The chancellor - whose Budget on Wednesday will be his eighth - said he thought the savings were achievable, but he would not be drawn on where the axe would fall.
He said the government's plan had enabled it to invest in "the public's priorities", such as the NHS, science and education, infrastructure and defence, "while at the same time not spending more than the country can afford".
Mr Osborne added that he wanted to boost productivity, improve Britain's schools and infrastructure and make taxes "more competitive".
The chancellor declined to be drawn on whether fuel duty would be increased - something Tory backbenchers are urging him against.
But he added: "On fuel duty, we had a manifesto commitment there and we have pencilled in fuel duty plans going forward but what I would say is, every time we can have our economy more competitive, we do."
Mr Osborne also rejected claims that the most vulnerable people would be hit in the Budget through cuts to disability benefits known as Personal Independence Payments (PIP).
He said the government was "increasing spending on disabled people", but added that it was right to make sure the system was being "properly managed".
Also on Marr, Labour's shadow chancellor John McDonnell called for more long-term investment in the UK economy, specifically in skills, infrastructure and new technology.
He said the chancellor had reduced investment to 1.4% of GDP which was "unacceptable", saying the OECD has said the figure should be at least 3%.
"What I want to do is to make sure we invest in the long term and then we can withstand the global headwinds," he added.
He said prosperity needed to be "shared by all", saying the government's economic policies had created an "unequal" society.
The chancellor has promised to get the books into surplus by 2020.
In his November Autumn Statement, he watered down planned £4.4bn cuts to tax credits and eased back on planned spending cuts to the Home Office and other departments. He was able to do this owing to a combination of better tax receipts and lower interest payments on debt.
BBC political correspondent Eleanor Garnier said: "Only four months ago, when he made the Autumn Statement, Mr Osborne had sounded upbeat about the country's finances.
"But now, with the size of the British economy much smaller than had been expected, it seems the chancellor has not left himself much wriggle room."
In his Marr interview, Mr Osborne also warned against the UK leaving the EU, saying it "would create an economic shock" that would "cost jobs" and "damage living standards".
Leave campaigners say the UK could strike favourable trade deals with the EU after exit, arguing that Britain's future if better off outside.
Meanwhile, Mr McDonnell said he and the Labour shadow cabinet would be "on the stump" campaigning for a remain vote amid criticism Labour has been quiet in the campaign.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

E.g.:
['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.', 'Without regulatory approval, the German car giant could be forced to buy back all of the cars, costing it about $4bn.\nAnd the deal, another in its long-running emissions scandal, still needs approval from the courts.\nCar components company Robert Bosch, a VW supplier, has also agreed to pay $327.5m to US owners of affected cars.\nThe proposed settlements for the three-litre cars are the last major US hurdle for VW over its emissions scandal.\nVW previously agreed to spend up to $10bn to compensate the owners of about 482,000 two-litre vehicles after it admitted it had installed secret software to disguise emissions.\nThe Federal Trade Commission (FTC) said on Wednesday that US customers who bought the three-litre diesel cars would be fully compensated "through a combination of repairs, additional monetary compensation, and buybacks for certain models".\nOwners of 2009 to 2012 models could get between $26,000 to $58,000 for a buyback, depending on the model, mileage, and trim of the car, the FTC said.\nFor owners and people leasing 2013 to 2016 models, Volkswagen is expected to get regulatory approval for a fix that makes the cars compliant with US environmental regulations, the FTC added.\nHowever, if VW fails to get Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board approval for the modification within a certain time frame, it must offer to buy back those vehicles, upping the amount it has to pay to about $4bn.\nAnalysis: Theo Leggett, BBC News business reporter\nThis is the latest in a series of settlements reached by Volkswagen with the US authorities.\nIt has already agreed to pay $10bn to compensate around 482,000 people who bought cars with two-litre diesel engines that had been fitted with defeat devices. That included the cost of repairing or buying back affected vehicles. At the same time, it agreed to spend $4.7bn on schemes to offset excess emissions and develop clean vehicles.\nThursday\'s $1.2bn VW settlement extends the compensation offer to cover owners of vehicles with larger three-litre engines - sold under the VW, Audi and Porsche brands.\nAnd on top of all that, in January the company agreed to pay $4.3bn in civil and criminal fines to the US authorities.\nAll of which takes the total bill for the scandal in the US alone to more than Â£20bn.\nThe company\'s drive to provide "clean diesel" technology to the American market has been a very expensive disaster. Nevertheless, assuming the most recent settlements are approved by the courts, VW will probably be happy to have got the bulk of its US litigation out of the way.\nAnd as for its reputation - it may have been tarnished, but the company still managed to sell 10.3 million cars last year - more than any other major manufacturer. Car buyers, it seems, have pretty short memories.\nVW\'s US chief executive Hinrich Woebcken said: "With the court-approved two-litre TDI programme well under way and now this proposed three-litre TDI programme, all of our customers with affected vehicles in the US will have a resolution available to them.\n"We will continue to work to earn back the trust of all our stakeholders and thank our customers and dealers for their continued patience as this process moves forward."\nBosch said in a statement it didn\'t admit wrongdoing or accept liability but had decided to settle so it could focus on an extensive "transformation process" the company has embarked on.\nA federal judge in San Francisco will hold a 14 February hearing on whether to grant preliminary approval for the settlements.'] == ['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'Volkswagen has agreed to pay at least $1.2bn (Â£1bn) to fix or buy back 78,000 diesel cars in the US to settle more emissions-cheating claims.']

Finance Minister Máirtín Ó Muilleoir has called for "austerity to be binned".
But he accepts the Northern Ireland Executive may have to make do with additional funding for roads.
Ahead of Chancellor Philip Hammond's statement, the Treasury has said the NLW will rise by 30p to £7.50 in April.
About 13,000 Northern Ireland workers are thought to have benefited when it was first introduced this year at £7.20 an hour.
Analysis John Campbell BBC News NI's Economics Editor
This is the chancellor's first major economic policy statement since the vote for Brexit.
But do not expect anything too dramatic.
Phillip Hammond has warned that the UK's debt is still "eye-wateringly" large and that his plans must be "responsible".
That suggests he sees little scope for increasing spending or cutting taxes.
However, there is likely to be a modest increase in infrastructure spending - that would mean tens of million of pounds extra for projects in Northern Ireland.
There will also be measures for what Prime Minister Theresa May describes as families which are just about managing.
But there's unlikely to be a radical reversal of the benefit cuts announced by the last government.
Mr Hammond is also set to make "a significant investment into universal credit", which replaced job seekers' allowance and work-related benefits.
Universal Credit is due to be phased-in for claimants in Northern Ireland next year.
Another measure already heavily trailed is a £1.3bn package for road improvements - targeted mostly at repairs and reducing bottlenecks.
Northern Ireland's spilt of that funding could be about £40m.
But Mr Ó Muilleoir has said UK infrastructure stimulus measures of up to £15bn are needed.
"They [the government] need to invest in infrastructure to give the economy a jolt," he said.
"I hope we see a large stimulus. A Niagra Falls stimulus. Not a garden hose stimulus."
The Autumn Statement presents the government with its first major opportunity to address budget issues since the referendum vote.
It is Mr Hammond's first Autumn Statement since becoming chancellor.
It has already been suggested the government is facing a £100bn black hole in its finances over the next five years due to Brexit.