Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Most illegally poached African elephant ivory can be traced back to just two areas of Africa, research shows.

Scientists were able to locate the hotspots by matching the DNA fingerprint of seized ivory to DNA profiles from the dung of elephants living throughout the continent.
Around 50,000 elephants are thought to be poached each year.
The worst area for poaching was identified as Tanzania and nearby parts of Mozambique.
The Tridom, which spans parts of Gabon, the Republic of Congo and Cameroon, was also highlighted.
The researchers say the data, published in Science, may increase international pressure to stop the killing.
This week, the US government hopes to send out a message against the illicit sale of elephant ivory by destroying one tonne of elephant ivory in New York's Times Square.
The Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) banned the international trade in ivory in 1989, but a black market trade continues to thrive.
Ivory is used for trinkets, souvenirs and also in traditional medicines.
With an estimated population of less than half a million, the ongoing African poaching problem is rapidly driving the animal towards extinction, according to some conservationists.
International efforts to try to stop the ivory pipeline focus on points of sale and tightening up controls at potential shipping routes.
But, Dr Samuel Wasser, a conservation biologist from the University of Washington and lead researcher on the Science paper, thinks other measures might be more effective.
"The source populations are where it all starts, and to be able to focus on the source populations, especially the major source populations, is very very effective at trying to target these killings," Dr Wasser told the BBC's Science in Action programme.
In an effort to identify where illegal ivory was originating from, Dr Wasser and his team turned to genetic analysis.
Elephants live in social groups, or herds. Animals living in one location are more genetically related to one another than they are to animals living elsewhere.
So, by analysing the DNA sequence - particularly those stretches that reveal relatedness - from animals living across Africa, the researchers could build a geographical map of elephant genetic diversity.
Elephants are large, wary and not easy to sample directly, but their dung provides an abundant source of the essential elephant blueprint; that tell-tale DNA. An analysis of dung samples from 1,500 individuals, each from a separate family group and living in different locations across Africa, resulted in a detailed DNA geographical map.
As Dr Wasser explained, this allows them to pinpoint the source of illegal ivory: "We are very accurate.
"Most importantly, areas are further apart than 300km so that, combined with knowing the natural history of the area - what parks are there and where the elephants live - it means you can get it to the precise park."
Essential groundwork done, they were poised to analyse ivory to pinpoint its source, and there was no shortage of material to analyse.
The team focussed on 28 seizures made between 1996 and 2014.
"We analyse large animal seizures that are over half a tonne in weight, and that's important because these large seizures represent about 70% of all ivory smuggled,"  Dr Wasser said.
"They reflect the involvement of large transnational organised crime syndicates."
A comparison of the DNA fingerprints in the seized ivory to their geographical map of elephant DNA enabled them to pinpoint the sites of this mass animal slaughter.
The results were astonishing.
Virtually all of the large seizures from the last decade that were analysed came from just two poaching hotspots.
African elephants are divided into two sub-species: the forest elephant and the Savannah elephant.
The majority of forest elephant deaths had occurred in or close to the protected area known as the Tridom, including parts of Gabon, the Republic of Congo and Cameroon. Some deaths were also occurring in the adjacent Dzanga Sangha Reserve in the Central African Republic.
Savannah elephant slaughter was focussed in Tanzania, with spill-over into Mozambique. This was the biggest poaching hotspot of all.
Dr Wasser hopes that the weight of evidence will force the international community to put pressure on these countries to "clean up their act" and to be made more accountable by government aid agencies and private donors.

Two new reports indicate that across the continent, the numbers of elephants being killed for ivory has slowed.
But the picture is mixed as the slaughter in Central and West Africa shows no sign of moderating.
Some experts believe that the decline in deaths could be down to fewer elephants being alive to poach.
The BBC investigated the war on elephants earlier this year and how it is fuelled by demand for ivory from Asia.
Now there is new data on the sources of the illegal killings from the Convention on the International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora, better known as Cites.
They run two important elephant monitoring records that are seen as reliable indicators of what's happening on the ground.
A few months ago, the Mike programme (Monitoring the Illegal Killing of Elephants) showed that number of deaths, which started to grow in 2006, peaked in 2011.
Even though the trend is moving in the right direction, there were still over 14,000 elephants killed in the period from 2003-2015.
The BBC also investigated the war on elephants this year and how it is fuelled by demand for ivory from Asia.
New data has also been published for the ETIS programme (Elephant Trade Information System).
This shows that while trading in illegal ivory reached its highest levels in 2012 and 2013, it had levelled off by 2014.
But while there are some positives in the overall picture for Africa, the regional differences are stark.
Southern Africa is the area where poaching levels have remained consistently the lowest.  It remains the only sub-region that has not seen illegal killings exceed natural deaths since monitoring began.
Poaching remains high, however, at the Niassa Reserve in Mozambique and there has been a "troubling spike" in killings at South Africa's Kruger National Park.
East Africa has also seen a decline in poaching for the fourth year in a row.
Central and West Africa continue to show the most serious levels of poaching, with illegal killings far exceeding natural deaths.
"There are some encouraging signs, including arresting the overall upward trends in poaching, the decline in poaching trends in some sites in East Africa and the overall trends in Southern Africa," said Cites secretary general John Scanlon.
"This shows what is possible through a sustained and collective effort with strong political support, but much more remains to be done."
However others say that there may not be much comfort in the relative stability that the new figures indicate.
"It needs to be understood that poaching levels may be down but in some cases that is due to the fact the populations are severely depleted," said Dr Susan Lieberman from the Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS).
"If you look at some of the Central African populations that have lost up to 70% of their elephants you may see poaching stabilise or decrease but that is because the elephants are harder to find."
The future for elephants will be a major topic of debate when 182 countries gather at the Cites triennial Conference of the Parties in Johannesburg at the end of September.
At present all commercial, international trade in ivory from African elephants is prohibited.
A one-off commercial sale of ivory from Botswana, Namibia, Zimbabwe and South Africa took place in 2009.
Both Namibia and Zimbabwe are now proposing changes at the upcoming meeting that would allow ivory from these two countries to be internationally traded subject to permit. They argue that that these sales would help boost their conservation efforts.
Critics of these moves are concerned that any permitted trade would be used as a cover for illicit ivory and would boost poaching across the continent.
"As long as there is some signal that there may be a legal ivory trade, these speculators, traffickers and crooks are going to take advantage of it," said Dr Lieberman from WCS.
"We've got China now saying its going to close its domestic ivory market, the very worst thing that could happen would be for the Southern Africans to get a nod that maybe you can trade in the future.
"That would be the death knell of elephants in Central, West and East Africa."
Follow Matt on Twitter @mattmcgrathbbc and on Facebook.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The bomber behind a deadly blast in the Turkish capital Ankara was Turkish-born, security officials say, not from Syria as the government initially said.

However, the government has insisted there is a link between the attack and Syrian Kurdish fighters.
Prosecutors and security officials said DNA tests had identified the bomber as Abdulbaki Somer, born in the eastern Turkish city of Van.
Last week's bombing killed 29 people, at least 20 of them military personnel.
"The bomber's DNA matches that of Abdulbaki's father," a senior Turkish security official told Reuters news agency.
Turkey's state-run Anadolu news agency quoted prosecutors confirming the report.
It said that Abdulbaki Somer was believed to have joined the Kurdish militant PKK group in 2005 at the age of 16 and was based in the Qandil mountains in northern Iraq until 2014.
The agency said that Somer's father had told police that his son was behind the attack.
Following the blast in Ankara, Turkish Prime Minister Ahmet Davutoglu named the bomber as Salih Necar, a Syrian national and member of the Syrian Kurdish People's Protection Units (YPG).
"Whatever the judicial inquiry concludes over the identity of the bomber, it is clear that the bomber came from Rojava, the area of the PYD," Deputy Prime Minister Numan Kurtulmus told reporters on Tuesday, referring to another Syrian Kurd-controlled northern Syria.
He said the bomber had entered Turkey from the region in the summer of 2014.
Turkish newspaper the Hurriyet suggested that Abdulbaki Somer may have re-entered Turkey with false papers under the name Salih Necar.
The PKK, which has been fighting for Kurdish self-determination since 1984, is considered a terrorist organisation by Turkey and its Western allies.
Turkey has also designated the YPG a terrorist group, but its allies, including the United States, back the YPG in its fight against so-called Islamic State (IS).

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article Fewshot example: "['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'In a statement, the US Navy said it had lost confidence in Eric Rasch, who was in charge of a riverine squadron at the time of the incident in the Gulf.\nA Navy official said Cmdr Rasch had been re-assigned.\nThe sailors were released after intense diplomacy between US Secretary of State John Kerry and top Iranian officials.\nOn Thursday, the US Navy official said that Cmdr Rasch had failed to provide effective leadership, leading to a lack of oversight, complacency and failure to maintain standards in his unit.\nThe official - who spoke on condition of anonymity - did not say what the former commander\'s new role was.\nIn January, the sailors - nine men and a woman - were detained when one of their two vessels broke down while training in the Gulf.\nThey were then taken to Farsi Island, in the middle of the Gulf, where Iran has a naval base.\nThe incursion was "unintentional", the Iranian Revolutionary Guards were quoted as saying at the time.\nThe sailors were released after about 15 hours, and after Iran said they apologised.\nBut Vice-President Joe Biden later said that the boat had had simply a problem and there was "nothing to apologise for".\nThe US said at the time it was investigating how the sailors entered Iranian waters.']" == "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'The US Navy has demoted the commander of 10 US sailors who in January entered Iranian territorial waters and were briefly detained.']"

Turkish forces hit back when a border post was attacked from Syria, killing one militant, the army said.
The violence comes days after 32 people were killed in a suicide attack in south-eastern Turkey blamed on IS.
Meanwhile Turkey has agreed to let the US carry out strikes against IS from its airbase at Incirlik.
US defence officials speaking on condition of anonymity confirmed that the two countries had reached agreement after months of negotiations.
In other developments on Thursday:
The PKK added the Celanpinar attack was revenge for the suicide bombing in Suruc, in the Kurdish-dominated south-east, claiming the policemen had collaborated with IS.
Many in Turkey feel the government in Ankara has not done enough to support the Kurds in their fight to combat the threat of IS militants across the border in Syria - something denied by the authorities.
Two other soldiers were injured in the border violence, Kilis governor Suleyman Tapsiz told Turkey's Anadolu news agency.
Turkey would take "all necessary measures" to protect national security following the attacks, the Prime Minister's office said.
Monday's suicide attack in Suruc, near the Syrian border, was one of the deadliest attacks in Turkey in recent years.
A 20-year-old Turkish student has been identified as the bomber.
The attacker, named by local media as Seyh Abdurrahman Alagoz, was an ethnic Kurd from Turkey's south-eastern province of Adiyaman and reportedly had links to IS militants.
Alagoz's mother told the newspaper Radikal (in Turkish) that her son was a former student at Adiyaman university who had gone "abroad" six months ago with his brother.
"I don't know what they were doing abroad, they never said. They were just telling me they were fine," Semure Alagoz said.
A senior Turkish official told Reuters that he believed the bomber had travelled to Syria last year with the help of a group linked to IS militants.
The victims were mainly university students, who were holding a news conference when an explosion ripped through the group at the Amara Cultural Centre.
They had been planning to travel to Syria to help rebuild the town of Kobane. The youngest victim was Okan Pirinc, who was 18, according to the Turkish media.
On Thursday, one IS fighter alleged to have crossed from Syria into Turkey was shot dead by the youth wing of the PKK in Istanbul.
The group said the man had travelled from Kobane to Istanbul for treatment seven months ago, and had been planning attacks in the city.


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Question: East Fife maintained the pressure on Scottish League Two leaders Elgin City with victory over Arbroath.

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Nathan Austin had a shot cleared off the line before he headed home Steven Campbell's pinpoint cross in first-half stoppage time.
Austin's delivery gave Jamie Insall an easy tap-in to double the hosts' lead.
Arbroath substitute Keiran Stewart found the net with a stunning long-range strike two minutes from time but East Fife held on.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

It follows a 13.00 GMT pitch inspection at Arbroath's Gayfield Park.
The hosts were hoping for a victory that would take them to within a point of third-top Stirling Albion, Queen's Park and Annan Athletic.
Shire were looking to continue where they left off after a win over Queen's Park lifted them off the bottom.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A £1.3bn 'city deal' investment plan for south west Wales has been backed by Swansea councillors.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Swansea Bay City Region would boost digital technology for advances in areas such as healthcare and energy.
The plan will deliver an estimated £3.3bn boost to the regional economy over 15 years, councillors heard as they supported the deal on Thursday.
It has been described a "game-changer" after proposals for a Swansea Bay tidal lagoon were backed by a review.
Council executives in Carmarthenshire, Neath Port Talbot and Pembrokeshire are also due to rubberstamp the plan and they hope the UK Government will approve the bid by the end of February.
It is estimated the city deal, which has been analysed by Cardiff University, could potentially create as many as 33,000 jobs over two decades.
A total of £241m would come from the Welsh and UK governments, £360m from other public bodies - the councils, higher education and the European Union - and £673m from private firms.
Cllr Rob Stewart, Swansea council leader, said if the bid was approved, it would be benefit residents "from St David's to Pontrhydyfen."
He added: "In Swansea, approval would lead to many exciting developments, including a digital village on Kingsway for tech businesses and a digital indoor arena on the St David's development site."
The plan would also create a 5G wireless broadband testbed in the city.
As well as the four Swansea Bay City Region local authorities, other local organisations are behind the bid including Swansea University, the University of Wales Trinity Saint David and Abertawe Bro Morgannwg University Health Board.

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The county will be in charge of bus services and local investment, while health and social services will integrate.
Ministers said it was a key part of the government's One Nation commitment to devolve powers to local authorities across the country.
Cornwall Council had however requested a much wider range of powers.
Prime Minister David Cameron said it "marks a major shift for the people who live and work in Cornwall - putting power in their hands."
The government says the devolution deal will:
Cornwall Council leader John Pollard sad it was brilliant news.
"This gives Cornwall greater powers over public sector funding. This is the first stage of a longer journey towards delivering the full case for Cornwall," he said.
It's been clear over the last week or so that the government was very keen to finalise a devolution deal for Cornwall, but the agreement reached between Cornwall Council and ministers has been driven through by the government before the council had submitted its "Case for Cornwall" - a document, months in the preparation, asking for a much wider range of powers. Will the government still consider the more ambitious Case for Cornwall? Or does this announcement represent Cornwall's devolution settlement for the foreseeable future?
Cornwall councillors approved the plans in a private meeting on Tuesday.
Council members gave leader Mr Pollard a mandate to sign off an agreement with the government but both UKIP and Labour members voted against the deal.
Cornwall Council said it would now work with local partners and civil servants in London to develop detailed plans to implement the proposals.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The energy-rich Arab emirate of Qatar is one of the wealthiest countries in the world, with a reputation for lavish spending and generous state handouts.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary
The provided query could be "['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The 20-year-old, playing only his sixth Test, claimed 7-112 to help bowl England out for 342, a first-innings deficit of 133.\nAlastair Cook and Joe Root made 76 and Moeen Ali was last out for 61.\nHashim Amla was dropped on nought as South Africa reached 42-1- a lead of 175 - before bad light ended play.\nJames Anderson gave England faint hope of an attainable fourth-innings chase when Dean Elgar was caught behind in the third over, and England\'s record wicket-taker then saw Amla put down by a diving Alex Hales at third slip.\nBut Rabada\'s heroics will make the home side - 2-0 down in the series - confident of a consolation victory.\nEngland resumed on 138-2 and lost four wickets for 73 runs in the 26 overs bowled before lunch. Cook and Root had calmly negotiated the first 13 of them but Morne Morkel began an impressive spell that yielded a collapse.\nThe big fast bowler produced a near unplayable delivery to Cook, with pace and steepling bounce that found the edge and was smartly taken by wicketkeeper Quinton de Kock.\nThen Rabada utilised the overcast conditions to devastating effect, bowling a consistently dangerous line around the off stump and extracting sufficient pace and movement to find the edges.\nRoot, who successfully overturned a caught-behind decision off spinner Dane Piedt, had hit Rabada for three fours in an over but edged one that that nipped away off the seam.\n"He is a real prospect, he\'s got something," former England opening batsman Geoffrey Boycott told BBC Test Match Special.\n"You would think he would learn a lot from bowling with Dale Steyn when he comes back into the side. The world is his oyster."\nJames Taylor, who struck his first ball delightfully down the ground for four, appeared intent on hooking anything short and a swipe at Rabada resulted in an edge to the wicketkeeper.\nThat forced Jonny Bairstow to begin his innings on the stroke of lunch and he fell third ball as another rising delivery from Rabada brushed his glove, which ended the morning session with England losing three wickets for three runs in 18 balls.\nCape Town hero Ben Stokes launched Piedt for four and a towering six in an over but he was caught at slip for 33 off Rabada in the first over with the new ball.\nMoeen, who was dropped on 45, brought up a first Test fifty in 15 innings before he was last out, caught at deep point.\nWith the pitch showing signs of uneven bounce, England\'s chances of victory - with two days remaining - appear slim.\nBoycott said: "I don\'t think England can win from here. They haven\'t got a cat in hell\'s chance. All they can do is try to save the game."\nFormer South Africa wicketkeeper Mark Boucher told TMS: "South Africa are on top but they\'re not out of danger yet.\n"What if England come back tomorrow and bowl them out for 80? It\'s not impossible."\nOne concern for the Proteas in the fourth innings is opening bowler Kyle Abbott, who left the field with a hamstring injury and is unlikely to bowl again in this match.\nPlay on Sunday will start earlier at 08:04 GMT to make up for the overs lost to rain.']" and the positive "['Represent the natural language', 'Kagiso Rabada became the youngest South Africa bowler to take seven wickets in an innings as the home side took command of the final Test in Centurion.']"

Qatar has bought up banks across the globe, football clubs in Europe, and properties in the heart of London with some of the highest price tags on the planet.
But the worldwide energy price slump is putting pressure on the small Gulf country, highlighted by cutbacks to flagship projects and talk of reforms being made to its subsidies and tax systems.
Is this a signal that the economic superpower is finally feeling the financial squeeze?
Qatar's financial cuts have been extensive - encompassing development projects, cultural schemes, education, transport and its 2022 football World Cup spending.
The country is focusing on completing its 2022 World Cup stadiums, which are estimated to cost some $220bn (Â£155bn), although in 2014 the government reduced the number of planned stadiums from 12 to eight, reportedly linked to spiralling costs.
However, Qatar's World Cup organising committee has denied the plans were scaled back for economic reasons.
The Gulf state is cutting costs in a range of other ways.
Qatar Rail announced in January that it had sacked 50 employees as part of a "business efficiency review".
Energy firms RasGas, Qatar Petroleum and Maersk Oil Qatar have laid-off thousands of employees since 2014.
The Sidra Medical and Research Centre, funded by the Qatar Foundation - a non-profit body - has announced staff cuts.
Cuts at the foundation have also led to the end of a partnership with Bloomsbury Publishing, reduced spending on the film industry, and cuts to university budgets.
Qatar's Museum Authority announced in January that 250 staff had been laid off and plans for two new museums shelved.
And since the start of 2016, broadcaster Al-Jazeera has laid off more than 1,000 staff at its global offices and headquarters and has closed Al-Jazeera America.
Qatar has also indicated that it plans to privatise some state-run firms.
The country's generous subsidy system is a major cash drain. It is thought that subsidies will be cut back to exclude foreign nationals.
This is particularly pressing because of a rapid influx of foreign labour, which has driven the population figure up by 40% since 2010.
The country raised petrol costs by more than 30% in January to combat its deficit with just a few hours' notice.
With up to 1,000 troops in Yemen as part of the Saudi-led campaign against Houthi rebels, Qatar is involved in one of its largest-ever military engagements.
It is expanding its military - on which it spent $23bn in 2014 alone - possibly as a reaction to the threat posed by militants from the so-called Islamic State group, and growing tensions between Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries and Iran.
Bucking a 15-year trend, Qatar predicts a budget deficit of almost $13bn for 2016. Its financial dependency on oil and gas is likely to be behind this.
The global price of a barrel of oil has plummeted by more than 70% since June 2014.
Last November, Development Minister Saleh Mohammad Al Nabit said pressure on state finances meant that the government had to be more disciplined in its spending.
International Monetary Fund chief Christine Lagarde has also urged Doha to make tax and spending reforms.
Qatar's ruler, Tamim bin Hamad Al Thani, said in November 2015 that he hoped the fall in energy prices would reduce dependency on the state, warning against "wasteful spending, overstaffing and a lack of accountability".
Qatar's wide scale cutbacks to its workforce certainly seem to fall in line with his wishes.
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.
Update 13 April, 2016: This story has been amended to include Qatar's denial that it reduced the number of World Cup stadiums for economic reasons.

The small Gulf state's influence in the UK, and London in particular, is becoming more evident. It is a joint owner of London's newest landmark, the Shard, it stepped in to provide funds for Barclays back in 2008 which helped the bank avoid being semi-nationalised, and has bought a 20% stake in the company that owns Heathrow airport.
The list of what else it owns through its sovereign wealth fund - the government-controlled investment fund - goes on. Harrods, a 20% stake in Camden market, a 26% stake in supermarket Sainsbury's to name but a few.
And according to recent reports, the UK government is now looking to tap up the oil and gas-rich Middle East state for some Â£10bn ($15bn) for infrastructure projects.
The Commercial Secretary to the Treasury, Lord Deighton, hinted at the move recently. "We have had multiple recent contacts over the last 12 months with many governments and sovereign wealth funds on infrastructure," he told an infrastructure investment forum.
"Strong inward investment into the UK economy has created or secured more than 112,000 jobs in 2011-12, a rise of 19% on the preceding year.
"We hope to be even better and are working with institutional investors - from banks through pension funds to sovereign wealth funds - to ensure that the deepest possible sources of capital are available to the widest possible range of infrastructure projects."
The UK is not alone in courting Qatari investment.
Debt-laden Greece has been wooing the state, which has already invested in one of Greece's gold-mining projects. Qatar has also agreed to contribute to a fund to reinvigorate disadvantaged suburbs in France.
And it is involved with some African nations to help fund charitable projects, and is looking to invest in China's capital market.
"Living in Qatar, it seems like every country in the world is currently targeting Qatar," says Iain Webster, executive director for Qatar, at the Brand Union, which advises companies on brand strategy, and whose clients include Qatar National Bank and the Qatar Olympic Committee.
Qatar's Emir Sheikh Hamad bin Khalifah Al Thani is one of the world's busiest leaders at the moment, according to Mr Webster.
"Every single week he has bilateral conversations with leaders from all over the world."
The draw of Qatar as an investor is easy to see. At a time when so many western economies are struggling, liquidity is not an issue for the Gulf state.
"Qatar can afford to be a long-term strategic investor and at this moment in time to have someone with the liquidity to provide funds with no pressure for short-term returns is quite rare," says Mr Webster.
But Colin Foreman, news editor of Middle East Economic Digest (MEED), points out the difference between government and private funding.
"It's quite attractive on the sovereign side as an investor," he says, "as you're dealing with a government that has not got a financial issue.
"Where it becomes more tricky is with private funders. I don't think foreign banks are particularly open to that kind of funding."
So what does Qatar look for when choosing where to invest its vast wealth?
Most investments are long-term strategic investments, but they all contribute to the Qatar National Vision 2030 which seeks to shift the country from a carbon economy to a knowledge economy.
The awareness that at some stage its oil and gas resources will dry up and planning for the future draws parallels with Norway, which set up a sovereign wealth fund in 1990 to ensure the country had other sources of income in a "post-oil" world.
Mr Foreman says investment decisions are based on whether they make economic sense, and whether they can tie back to help the domestic economy.
"They've bought into construction companies before. That is a logical move."
But he adds, "Some of the others are more trophy assets and there are other considerations at play."
For instance, the country has turned its attention to football. In 2011 the Qatar Investment Authority took over French club Paris Saint-Germain, and the Qatar Foundation are the shirt sponsors of Spanish superstars Barcelona.
"Clearly when you buy a football club, there's a different set of rationale - it's not a basic economic decision, it's profile as well," says Mr Foreman.
Inward investment in infrastructure is also making Qatar a destination for foreign companies seeking lucrative contracts.
The National Vision's aim of preparing for "a new international order that is knowledge-based and extremely competitive" has led to billions of dollars being spent on bringing international university campuses - including Georgetown, Weill Cornell Medical College, and French business school HEC Paris - to the country.
There has also been massive interest in tenders for Qatar's sewage infrastructure and metro projects.
But perhaps more significantly, with Qatar hosting the 2022 Football World Cup, it is set to invest heavily in a tournament that it hopes will raise its profile around the world, and will reportedly spend up to $150bn (Â£100bn) on infrastructure projects ahead of the event.
With foreign firms eager to cash in on the boom, Iain Webster says UK companies are already well-represented in Qatar and seem well-placed for the future.
The UK and Qatar have a unique relationship, he says. "A lot of Qataris seem to me to be real 'anglophiles'. They love London as a city and are avid consumers of British brands. The more Qatar invests in London and the UK, the more the bonds that connect the two countries will be strengthened, bringing valuable benefits to each party."
He points to Qatar UK 2013, which aims to forge new partnerships between the two countries in the fields of art, culture, education, sport and science.
"Any initiative like that is positive for the Middle East because it's had such polarised reporting in the western media."
So with Qatari money up for grabs, both British firms and projects in Britain look well-placed to continue to benefit.


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Question: A "selfish" mother who took her daughter to Cambodia in breach of court orders has been jailed.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

The woman took the child out of the country rather than granting the girl's father access to see her, Exeter Crown Court  heard.
She left the UK in October 2013 and was finally expelled from Cambodia for overstaying her visa in July.
The woman admitted taking a child out of the country without consent and was jailed for two years and six months.
The woman, who cannot be identified for legal reasons, previously taunted a Family Court judge by saying she was living in a country which did not have an extradition agreement.
The daughter is now living with foster parents where she will remain while her mother serves her jail term.
The mother took out Â£30,000 in loans six weeks before she boarded a plane to Dubai and then flew on to Vietnam and Cambodia.
Judge Graham Cottle said there was a "flagrant flouting" of court orders and the woman had not acted "in the best interests" of her daughter.
He said: "It tells me you did not have her interests at heart. You had your own completely misguided and selfish interests at heart."
There had been a long-running dispute in the Family Court over the father's wish to have access to his daughter.
The mother took her daughter out of the country on 28 October 2013 - two days before a planned custody visit from the girl's father.
She and her daughter were brought back by police in July after being handed over by the Cambodian authorities.
Joss Ticehurst, for the defence, said the mother believed she was acting in the girl's best interests.

Mary Griffths, 43, of Rhyl, was convicted of fraud after a jury found she abused her position as Jamie Jones's guardian after her mum died.
Chester Crown Court heard she made unauthorised withdrawals from a bank account between 2010 and November 2013.
She was spared an immediate prison sentence after a plea from Miss Jones.
In a letter read to the court, she said she only wanted her money back and did not want Griffiths to be jailed as she had been "a mother to me for 13 years".


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Question: Ronny Deila says "nothing is finished" regarding Celtic's interest in Kristoffer Ajer.

Start midfielder Ajer, 17, has returned to his native Norway following a one-week trial at Celtic.
"When it [the transfer window] is closed we will say something if he does [join]," said Deila of his countryman.
Asked about a potential loan deal for teenage Manchester City winger Patrick Roberts, Deila replied: "I can't comment on anything."
Roberts, 18, has played three times for City after signing from Fulham, where he made 22 appearances. He has also played up to England Under-19 level.
Celtic have already signed Danish defender Erik Sviatchenko from Midtjylland and Ryan Christie has been recalled from his loan spell at Inverness Caledonian Thistle.
"I'm happy with what we have got in," said Deila.
"It is a very difficult window. The teams around us don't want to lose players when they are in the middle of the season but we'll see.
"We work on and everybody in the club is looking for options and seeing what is possible."
Reigning champions Celtic, top of the Premiership and also through to the fifth round of the Scottish Cup, will seek to maintain their hopes of a domestic treble when they face Ross County in Sunday's League Cup semi-final.
The tournament was Deila's first trophy win as Celtic manager last season and preceded the club's fourth straight league success.
St Johnstone face Hibernian in the first semi-final on Saturday and Deila has urged his players to maintain their recent form, which has yielded five straight wins in all competitions and 19 goals along the way.
"We have taken some steps now, lately, and we are getting some rest and you can see that it puts a lot of energy into the boys," added Deila.
"If we keep the tempo and intensity that we had in the last games, we know that we can beat anybody.
"To step up is important, you have to develop yourself during the season and you need to get better and better.
"If you do that then you have a chance to fight for trophies.
"To play semi-finals is something that we enjoy. We did it twice last year and we had a final as well and we really, really want to play here in March [at Hampden for the League Cup final] as well.
"We're looking forward to it. This is a big, big opportunity for us."

The 17-year-old is currently with Start in his homeland and had a trial with the reigning Scottish Premiership champions in January.
He returned to Glasgow for signing talks on Tuesday.
Ajer has made more than 40 senior appearances at club level, scoring 13 goals, and has played and scored for Norway Under-17s.
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The teenager is the youngest player to captain a team in the Tippeligaen, which is presently in its close season.
He flew to Scotland from Alicante, where he had been at a pre-season training camp in La Manga.
And speaking after arriving at Glasgow Airport on Tuesday, Ajer said: "I'm really happy. I enjoyed it last time."
Celtic bolstered their first-team squad during the winter transfer window by signing Denmark defender Erik Sviatchenko and Turkey forward Colin Kazim-Richards and also brought in Manchester City's English winger Patrick Roberts.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


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Question: Police would struggle to monitor terror threats if further significant cuts were made to budgets, a chief constable has told the BBC.

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Without funds for neighbourhood policing a "significant footprint of terrorism" could be overlooked, Steve Finnigan of Lancashire Police said.
Greater Manchester Police chief Ian Hopkins said some burglaries may not be responded to immediately in future.
The Home Office is rewriting the Whitehall funding formula for police.
Meanwhile ministers are negotiating on the settlement the Home Office itself will receive at the Spending Review.
Mr Hopkins, recently appointed chief of the GMP, warned some thefts, such as mobile phones being stolen, might not be investigated in future.
He said phone thefts could be reported on a website.
He said the police could provide a better, cheaper service by working more closely with health, mental health and social workers.
Chancellor George Osborne has asked government departments to draw up plans for 25% and 40% cuts.
Chief constable Steve Finnigan said if his budgets were cut on that scale he feared he would lose all his local policing teams.
Citing the case of a 15-year-old Blackburn boy imprisoned for plotting to behead police officers, he said: "Here in Lancashire we have got a significant footprint of terrorism that we have to keep a very close eye on. That would be made very difficult if I had to do away with neighbourhood policing."
He has previously warned that with further cuts his force might not be viable.
Spending directly allocated for counter terrorism has been protected by the Treasury.
Budgets have fallen, so too have headline crime figures. That makes it very hard for chief constables to insist more cuts will cripple them.
But crime accounts for just part of their workload. Road accidents, protests and missing people are all police business
There is no perfect way to guess what demand they will face in the future, or how well they do at the moment. No way either - for now - to know how much money they will get.
The Home Office is engaged in what one observer described to me as a "bloody knife fight" with the Treasury.
The Inspectorate that judges police is clear though: some forces have done much better than others at making plans.
From some there are ambitious ideas for change. From others, particularly off the record, you hear what is either forthright lobbying - or panic.
A great many, though worry budgets will force them to retreat from communities, which in turn could threaten their legitimacy with the public.
And almost to an officer they agree, policing will look very different in the future.
Correspondence seen by the BBC shows the government is considering whether elected Police and Crime Commissioners should have greater powers to put up council tax.
At the moment they need to hold a referendum if they increase the charge for policing on council tax bills by more than 2%.
Some Police and Crime Commissioners want the referendum rule scrapped.
Mr Hopkins told BBC Radio 4's PM programme that police could use technology to record phone thefts, provide crime numbers to victims, and identify spates that the police would then look into.
"In the background our systems are carrying out the analysis and saying well actually there's a spike in that particular area or a hotspot that you need to investigate.
"But on a routine incident like that, actually you'd get the crime number, it would be filed and we would do very little with it."
Police would always respond to a burglary in progress, or to vulnerable householders, he said.
But he said in the event of a homeowner returning from a weekend away to find that a break in had occurred, officers might not come immediately.
"If you're someone like me or yourself who's perfectly capable of phoning your insurance company, getting the locks sorted or the window boarded up then I don't see the necessity for us to turn up at that stage.
"We can investigate that slow time."
Police minister Mike Penning said: "Police reform is working and crime has fallen by 8%  year-on-year and by more than a quarter since 2010, according to the independent Crime Survey for England and Wales.
"However, if we want policing in this country to be the best it can be, then we must reform further, and that includes putting police funding on a long-term, sustainable footing."

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Anthony Long faced trial last year, a decade after he shot suspected armed robber Azelle Rodney.
He expressed his concerns about the Independent Police Complaints Commission in a Radio Times interview.
An IPCC spokesman said it was "right that when there is a fatality there is an independent investigation".
Mr Long said scrutiny was expected, but said "the problem is the interpretation of the rules and the way in which officers were treated".
He added: "Today, the Independent Police Complaints Commission seems to be treating police officers as criminals.
"My former colleagues are saying 'we will stand by for a Paris-type attack, but when you want us to go out and do an intelligence-led operation against criminals you might need to satisfy us that the intelligence is perfect, or we're not going out'.
"I think we're quite close to that situation."
The IPCC referred the Azelle Rodney case to the Crown Prosecution Service after a public inquiry in 2013 found there was "no lawful justification" for the shooting.
Mr Long, who will be featured on Secrets of a Police Marksman on Channel 4 on 18 August, said he was "absolutely confident" his actions in shooting Mr Rodney were correct.
The IPCC said: "Our independent scrutiny should not cause any officer to be concerned about taking on a firearms role."
The number of authorised police firearms officers (AFOs) has fallen for four years in a row, figures released last month revealed.
There were 5,639 AFOs across England and Wales as of 31 March - down by eight compared with the previous year.
It means the number has dwindled by more than 1,000 in the past five years.
At the time the figures were published, the government said they did not include an "uplift" in armed policing capability to be delivered over the next two years.
A drive to boost the police service's firearms capacity was launched in the wake of last November's Paris attacks, but rank-and-file leaders have questioned where the additional personnel will be drawn from.


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Question: A blue plaque has been unveiled to commemorate cartoonist Charles "Chas" Grigg, who illustrated The Dandy and Beano for more than 20 years.

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He died in 2013 at the age of 97, after suffering from Alzheimer's.
Grigg illustrated the adventures of Korky the Cat in the Dandy from the early 1960s and for a time took on illustrating the Desperate Dan stories.
The plaque has been put up at his old school, Rood End Primary, in Oldbury in the Black Country.
Steven Grigg said his father was largely unappreciated while he was alive and would have been "very proud" of the honour.
A self-taught artist, he never lost his love of drawing even in his 90s, his son said,.
"He couldn't remember what he did 10 minutes ago, but give him a pencil and say 'can you draw Korky the Cat' or Desperate Dan?' and he was there straight away, perfect," Steven Grigg said

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With his sense of anarchy and humour, Baxendale and his creations became a big part of the appeal of comics like The Beano from the 1950s.
He was regarded by aficionados as one of Britain's greatest and most influential cartoonists.
His creations also included The Three Bears, Little Plum and the comic Wham!.
Baxendale's son Martin, also a cartoonist, said his father died at the age of 86 after a long fight with cancer.
Hailing from Preston, Lancashire, Leo Baxendale helped the Beano appeal to children in an otherwise austere post-war Britain - first with Little Plum then Minnie the Minx, a female answer to Dennis the Menace.
Cuthbert, Smiffy, Fatty, Plug and the rest of the Bash Street Kids came next. Like Minnie, they revelled in running riot across the comic panels and outwitting grown-up authority figures like their teacher, named Teacher.
Martin Baxendale said: "The humour in Leo's work for children's comics and his later newspaper cartoons and books was always anarchic, anti the established order and pro fairness and justice in a generally unfair and unjust world, championing the underdog against the forces of oppression; a reflection of his strongly held left-wing, progressive political views.
"In his comics' pages he saw the child characters he created as the underdogs long controlled and oppressed by the adult world around them and he gave them a voice and actions with which to fight back in hilariously anarchic fashion, allowed them to step into the limelight and control their own destinies.
"Children of the time responded to that, writing fan letters of glee and appreciation that truly delighted him. The fan letters also came from grown-up children, reading his pages with as much enjoyment as their offspring."
Cartoonist Lew Stringer told the Downthetubes comic blog that Baxendale was "quite simply the most influential artist in UK humour comics".
He said: "The impact of his work on British humour comics is incredible, as other artists were encouraged by editors to mimic Leo's style.
"The Beano simply wouldn't look like The Beano without Leo's influence, and it's debatable whether The Beano would even still be around if it had never featured The Bash Street Kids or Minnie the Minx."
Comic archivist, author and publisher Paul Gravett wrote on Facebook: "He did so much more than revolutionise British comics. He inspired in his readers, young and old, an anarchic, free-thinking spirit to challenge authority and be yourself."
Baxendale left The Beano to create the comic Wham! in 1963. It featured characters like Eagle Eye Junior Spy, his arch enemy Grimly Feendish and The Barmy Army.
In the 1970s, Baxendale moved on to Willy the Kid and Baby Basil, the latter of which also featured in The Guardian in the 1990s.
In the 1980s, he fought a seven-year battle for the copyright to his Beano creations with publisher DC Thomson. They settled out of court before a three-week trial began.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


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Question: Edinburgh Airport plans to build a huge business and housing complex on the site of its secondary runway.

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The 90 acre site, stretching from south east of the passenger terminal to nearly as far as Gogar roundabout, would have offices, industrial buildings and homes.
Officials said improvements in aircraft technology has meant the airport rarely uses the crosswind runway.
Construction could start next year if planning permission is approved.
Gordon Dewar, chief executive officer of Edinburgh Airport, said: "We have long believed that the land around Edinburgh Airport is a valuable strategic asset, from which local communities and the economy should benefit.
"This venture will accelerate that process and we look forward to working with John Watson and his team, and the Scottish government and City of Edinburgh Council, to promote opportunities to put the land to good use."
A sister company is being established to work in partnership with the airport to promote the site, with a specific focus on sustainable energy provision across the entire airport site.
An independent board of directors will be appointed to lead the project.
John Watson, chief executive of the new development company and a former chief commercial officer of the airport, said: "There is a really great opportunity in the west of Edinburgh, to build infrastructure from which future generations benefit.
"We will be investing significantly in the land opened up by the closure of the second runway and will work with other developers in the area to promote the wider opportunity we believe exists."
The company is being established as a sister company to Edinburgh Airport and will operate at arms length.

Planning permission has been sought for a new justice centre which would move criminal and civil courts business out of historic Inverness Castle.
Go-ahead for a new railway station at Dalcross near Inverness Airport has also been sought.
Councillors will also consider notification of a proposal for a new prison in Inverness.
The Scottish Prison Service has submitted a document to inform Highland Council that it is preparing a planning application for the new HMP Highland on a site next to Inverness Retail Park on the A96.
Full planning permission has been sought for the Inverness Justice Centre.
It is to be developed on the site of a former bus depot between Longman Road and Burnett Road to the north of Burnett Road Police Station.
The new centre would allow the courts service to move out of Inverness Castle, clearing the way for the 18th Century building to be turned into a tourist attraction.
The Scottish government is to fund the construction of the new two-storey justice centre.
Building a station at Dalcross, near Inverness Airport, has been a long-standing aspiration of Hitrans, which promotes improvements to public transport in the Highlands.
Hitrans has applied for full planning permission for the new station on the Inverness to Aberdeen line, as well as a 150-space car park, access for buses and taxis, a bike stand and electric-vehicle charging point.
Meanwhile, Eastgate Unit Trust has sought permission to add a single storey, glazed extension to a C Listed historic building which houses a restaurant in Inverness' Falcon Square.
All the proposals are to be considered by Highland Council's south planning applications committee on Tuesday.


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Question: The man interested in buying Tata's British steel operations, including Port Talbot, is to meet the business secretary for talks.

Sanjeev Gupta, chief executive of the commodities firm Liberty House, is to meet Sajid Javid to discuss his potential plans.
Earlier, Mr Gupta told the BBC he would be interested in the whole business.
"Many [parts] are loss-making at the moment but we believe they can be turned around," he said.
However, he reiterated his doubts about the viability of the blast furnaces.
"The biggest problem we see is the blast furnaces because they are importing all their raw material to smelt steel."
Tata suitor claims he can save jobs
Who might buy Tata in Port Talbot?
What's going wrong with Britain's steel industry?
Tata Steel UK: What are the options?
Is China to blame for steel woes?
He said Liberty House's alternative suggestion would be to still make hot metal, but to make it from local raw scrap material rather than imported raw material.
"Making new steel doubles our carbon footprint, "he said.
"There is a way of making steel in the UK which has a much lower carbon footprint that what we currently do.
"At the moment we export our scrap and bring back steel - we import 6 million tonnes of steel.  I would like to see more of that being made here. So our commitment would be not just to produce what is currently produced but actually to expand production eventually in due course. "
About half of Port Talbot's 4,000 employees are working in the blast furnaces and on the coke side, but Mr Gupta said his intention would be to redeploy all of them.
When pressed as to whether that meant there would be no redundancies at all, he said: "That would definitely be my objective, yes."
Separately, the business secretary told the BBC that it was "great" that there was interest in Tata's UK business from Liberty and others.
He said "the important thing is where the buyers are coming forward we are ready to work with them".
Tomorrow he is due to meet the Tata chairman Cyrus Mistry in Mumbai.
While there he wants to get a final agreement on the sales process.
"I want to make sure that when the documentation for that is issued that it's clear that the UK government understands it's got a role to every potential buyer and that we are well coordinated with Tata," he added.
Representatives of the steel union Community are due to meet Mr Javid later today.
They plan to give him a message for Mr Mistry that Tata  "needs to be a responsible seller".
"They need to provide time for investors to come forward to take a look at the business and for the government, new investors and the unions to work together to deliver a future for UK steel," said Matt Ball from Community union.
Mr Ball said his union already had a relationship with Mr Gupta because he owns a small steelworks in Newport where it has some members.
"We were impressed by the way that he invested in that plant down there. He has future plans to invest there. He looked after the workforce while he was getting the business back up and running so we've had a positive experience so far."

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The #Steelselfie campaign on Twitter has seen posts from across the UK and as far afield as New York and Kabul in Afghanistan.
It comes as the future of Wales' steelworks remain in doubt, although at least one potential buyer has expressed an interest in buying Port Talbot's plant.


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Question: Six people have been killed and eight others injured after an out-of-control bin lorry crashed into pedestrians in central Glasgow.

The council vehicle then crashed into the Millennium Hotel, near Queen Street station in George Square, at 14:30 GMT.
One eyewitness told Newsbeat the scene "was like something out of a movie".
Steven McNeil, who among thousands in the city doing Christmas shopping, said: "I witnessed something that was horrific."
After coming out of one of the shops he heard screams.
He said: "If you imagine people on top of a roller coaster about to go over the edge.
"We actually thought there was something happening in George Square because just now there's an ice rink, there's the Ferris wheel."
Police Scotland declared a major incident but said there appeared to be nothing "sinister" about the crash.
The force has launched a dedicated number - 01786 289070 - for anyone who has concerns about relatives or friends.
It has also urged people who we're shopping today in the city centre to let relatives know they are safe and well.
McNeil continued: "As we turned around to the left we've seen this massive green city council lorry coming towards bystanders.
"We didn't see it hitting them face on but we've seen the aftermath of it.
"What we witnessed today was like something out of a movie.
"If you can think of it like a game of bowling. You throw the bowling ball down and it hits all the pins and the pins scatter, that's what it was like.
"My heart goes out to their families, I hope I never see anything like this again in my life."
George Square, which is a hotspot for tourists, was the site for a dance event on the first night of Radio 1's Big Weekend in June.
Steven said the city centre was "chaos" because of all the Christmas shoppers and that the car park he intended to use was full.
He said that if there were spaces, he would have parked there and would have been walking up the same side of the road that the bin lorry crashed into.
"It was just so sick, especially this time of year.
"It's really, really sad and I hope the families are pulling through."
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube

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Homeowner Clive Hunter told the Bath Chronicle, his wife Jane was sitting "right next to the window" when the car crashed through "inches away".
The BMW 320 hit the house on Southlands, at the bottom of Lansdown Lane, just after 23:40 BST on Thursday.
The male driver of the car escaped serious injury and no-one in the house was hurt, police said.
The crash comes just months after a tipper truck crashed further up Lansdown Lane, leaving four people dead, including a four-year-old girl.


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Question: A World War Two bomb has been destroyed in a controlled explosion in Cliffe in Kent.

The unexploded German 1,000lb (454kg) device was found in south-east London on Monday.
Bomb disposal experts from the British Army had built a protective "igloo" around the 5ft (1.5m) device to protect surrounding buildings.
Homes within a 200m exclusion zone were evacuated before the device was transported to Kent to be detonated.
The bomb was found by construction workers on the old site of the Southwark Irish Pensioners Centre in Bermondsey

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

20 April 2016 Last updated at 18:48 BST
Police were called to a site in Parnell Road following the discovery of the unexploded ordnance.
The explosion was carried out in Victoria Park and captured on camera by Guy Shelton.


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Question: Nigel Farage has challenged five "myths" about what would happen to Britain's economy if it left the EU.

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The UKIP leader is launching a pamphlet later in what is being seen as an attempt to kill off pro-EU arguments ahead of the referendum campaign.
Mr Farage says he would be willing to lead the "No" campaign but he said a non-political figure would be better.
Pro-EU campaigners say UKIP's arguments for leaving have no basis in economic facts.
In its pamphlet, The Truth About Trade Beyond The EU, UKIP argues that Britain does not need to be in the EU to have access to the single market and to export successfully.
It also argues that the UK would not be isolated if it left and could negotiate a free trade agreement with the EU without signing up to "free movement" rules.
UKIP's trade spokesman William Dartmouth also angrily rebutted claims that leaving the EU would cost three million jobs.
"It is a deceit and people should stop peddling it. The facts simply don't support it," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
He said countries such as Switzerland and China exported successfully without being a member of a trading bloc and most British businesses did not trade with the EU but still had to abide by its rules.
"All the trade would continue and the trade is not dependent on there being a free trade agreement in any case," he told Today.
But Lucy Thomas, campaign director for the pro-EU campaign group Business for New Europe, said UKIP's arguments did not add up.
"There is no explanation of why we should leave. We currently have the best of all worlds. We export almost 50% to the rest of the EU and there are no barriers, no tariffs, it's all really straightforward and so I am not sure why we would want to take a risk and leave that.
"There is no guarantee at all about what kind of standards there would be, what kind of tariffs and actually once we were to vote to leave we would have no say on the deal the rest of the EU decided to give us."
Nigel Farage has, meanwhile, said he plans to be "extremely active" in the campaign for Britain's exit from the EU in the forthcoming referendum and would be willing to lead it.
But he added that it would be better if it was "somebody from the world of business or entertainment who hasn't got any political baggage at all".
He told LBC radio: "I am sure someone like that will emerge."

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The EU was an anachronism which "costs us a huge amount of money and subverts our democracy", the Tory MP said.
He insisted there were no downsides to leaving, suggesting the UK could ape Canada's trade arrangement with the EU.
But David Cameron said it was wrong to say the UK could do a "sweetheart deal" with the EU after walking out.
And in his first major intervention in the referendum debate, former prime minister Tony Blair said he was concerned by the "fervour" of those wanting to leave the EU but he believed that the UK would ultimately vote to remain on 23 June as it was in the national interest.
Mr Johnson, one of a number of senior Conservatives to break ranks with the PM and back EU exit, told activists in Kent that the UK was the most creative country in Europe and was "big enough and strong enough to stand on its own".
If people were faced with the choice of whether to join the EU in 2016, he said they would probably regard the organisation as "a bit mad and idealistic", with huge "costs and bureaucracy" which restricted nation states' ability to make their own laws and control their borders.
"Would anyone in their right mind want to join the EU today?" he said. "It is 50 years old, it is going in the wrong direction. It is time for real reform. The only way to get that is to leave."
Mr Johnson said the UK could forge a new free trade deal with the EU, based on Canada's existing arrangement, and dismissed suggestions by Prime Minister David Cameron that he and other Leave campaigners were willing to sacrifice jobs and growth to achieve a measure of greater independence.
"You look at the plan to increase the efforts to prop up the single currency with an ever denser system of integration, with more and more regulation about all sorts of social and economic issues which will impact directly on this country, I think the risk is increasingly in staying in the project.
"I think the best thing we can do is show a lead, show an example and strike out for freedom."
Taking a swipe at the campaign to stay in the EU, which opponents have dubbed "Project Fear", Mr Johnson quoted US President Franklin Roosevelt, saying "the only thing we have to fear is fear itself", adding "even fear is not that scary".
Canada has been cited by a number of Leave campaigners as a model for how the UK can continue to do business with the EU without being bound by rules on freedom of movement or having to contribute to its budget.
It signed a free trade agreement with the EU in 2014, seven years after talk about closer economic co-operation was first mooted. The agreement, which eliminates 98% of tariffs between the two blocs, has yet to be ratified by either side but is expected to enter into force next year.
Addressing activists in Wales, Mr Cameron said having to negotiate new trading rules from scratch would lead to a long period of unacceptable uncertainty for British business.
"Seven years of not knowing what the arrangements would be for trading with Europe," he said. "Seven years of uncertainty for businesses wanting to invest in Britain not knowing what our relationship with Britain would be.
"They cannot be justified. They cannot be in our national interest. We should reject that out of hand."
One of the key lines of attack from those who want to remain in the EU is what would "out" look like?
Those who want to leave are taunted that they have no clear idea of what kind of trade deal could be struck with Brussels if we withdraw.
But today Boris Johnson provided the clarity that had been requested - look across the Atlantic to Canada, he said.
So now expect the focus of the Remain attack to change.
Far from being grateful for the London Mayor's clarification, the terms of that deal will be denounced.
Already pro-EU campaigners are pointing out just how long it took for a Canadian agreement to be struck -  and are questioning if it'd be appropriate for the UK, which is far more reliant on financial services.
As Boris Johnson will find out,  throwing aside his comfort blanket of bluster and giving clear answers to questions in this complex EU debate comes with consequences.
Labour MP Chuka Umunna, who is campaigning to Remain in the EU, said the Canadian model excluded the services industry - which accounts for a huge proportion of British employment - and accused Mr Johnson of "playing fast and loose" with jobs linked to EU membership.
"I am fed up with this entertainment, tomfoolery and the rest from Boris Johnson. This will affect my constituents," he told BBC News.
And Mr Blair told Radio 4's Today that the UK's destiny was to "lead in Europe", warning Brexit would lead to economic instability and "damage fundamentally" the interests of the British people.
"I would like to see the pro-European side get out there with a bit of passion and vigour and determination and stand up for what we believe.
But in a further boost for the Leave campaign, the head of the Conservative group of MEPs in the European Parliament, Syed Kamall, has said he believes the UK "could forge a better life outside" the EU.
Mr Kamall, who also heads the pan-European ECR group, said he believed a "fair and balanced" immigration policy was only possible outside the EU.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details!

For instance you may be given '['', "Rain has delayed England's first match under new captain Heather Knight against Pakistan in Leicester - which will now be played on Tuesday."]' and it should match with '['', "The first one-day international was set to begin at 14:00 BST, but heavy rain delayed the start, with standing water on parts of the outfield.\nAfter inspections at 15:30 and 17:00, the umpires adjudged that no play would be possible on Monday.\nA full game will take place on Tuesday's reserve day, at 10:30 BST.\nUnder ICC Women's Championship rules, a reserve day is in place for each game in the three-match series.\nThe second match is scheduled to take place at Worcester on Wednesday at 10:30 BST."]' but not with '['Represent the natural language', "The 26-year-old remained in the United Kingdom when the rest of the squad departed last Thursday.\nHis fiancee Carrie gave birth to their first child on Saturday.\nThe Yorkshire player will now join up with the England team this Thursday ahead of the first of three ODIs, which are followed by three Twenty20 games.\nBefore that first match in Pune, England will play India A in two warm-up matches at Mumbai's Brabourne Stadium on Tuesday and Thursday."]'.

Question: England Under-21s have reached the semi-finals of the European Championship for the first time since 2009, when they finished as runners-up.

They face Germany on Tuesday, the same opponents who inflicted a 4-0 defeat on them in the final eight years ago.
Five of Stuart Pearce's XI would go on to earn senior caps - the same number of German players who started their World Cup final win five years later.
But can you match the players who started in 2009 to their career paths?
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The 22-year-old joined the club's academy in 2007 and was already under a long-term deal.
He has now signed a five-year extension that runs until 2026.
Saul was the leading scorer, with five goals, at the recent European Under-21 Championship in Poland, in which Spain reached the final, losing to Germany.


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Question: Non-league Maidstone earned an FA Cup first round replay after a goalless draw at League Two side Stevenage.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The Stones came close to claiming an upset but Frannie Collin was denied by the feet of keeper Chris Day.
Boro almost won it late on with Roarie Deacon's strike from a narrow angle before Chris Beardsley's header came off the outside of the post.
The replay will now take place on a 3G pitch - just days after Football League clubs voted against their introduction.

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Richard Greaves scored the winner for the ninth tier side against a team that plays two levels higher.
Hereford-based Westfields, who play in the Midland League Premier Division, have won six games in the FA Cup this season, a club record run.
They were formed in 1966 on the back of England's World Cup triumph.
A crowd of 760 - almost five times Westfields' average home attendance of 160 - watched the win over Leiston.
They were one of two clubs in the fourth qualifying round who had started with an extra preliminary tie in the first week of August.
Westfields have won £30,925 in prize money from their FA Cup run so far and will join former winners Bolton Wanderers, Coventry City and Portsmouth in Monday's first-round draw.
Before their trip to Allpay Park in Herefordshire, Isthmian League Premier Division leaders Leiston were unbeaten in all competitions.
Andrew Morris, the secretary and chief executive of Westfields who founded the club after being inspired by the feats of Sir Alf Ramsey's boys 50 years ago, said it was a "magical experience".
"This belongs to the magic of the cup," 66-year-old Morris told BBC Hereford and Worcester.
"It's unbelievable, I've seen scenes today that I never dreamt we would see. To win today, to get to the first round, is amazing.
"When we started I'd have been happy to have a good run in the Hereford Senior Cup."
Managerless National League side Wrexham face a replay against Stamford, who are three divisions below the Welsh side, after a Lee Beeson penalty earned the Daniels a 1-1 draw.
Northern League Division One's Bishop Auckland, the lowest ranked team to go into the fourth qualifying round, were knocked out by Stockport County of the National League North.
Solihull Moors got past Kettering Town 3-1 to reach the first round for the first time, and a victory in the first round would see them go further than Solihull Borough and Moor Green - the two clubs that merged to form the current side.
There were two big winners on the day, with Kidderminster Harriers beating Southern League Premier Division side Weymouth 6-0, while National League club Eastleigh put the same number past Southern League Division One Central side North Leigh.
Lincoln City go to a replay on Tuesday after their goalless daw against fellow National League side Guiseley, while the Imps' neighbours Lincoln United went out 3-0 to Spennymoor Town, who play in the seventh tier Northern Premier League Premier Division.
You can watch the FA Cup first round draw live on BBC Two and on the BBC Sport website, which also includes live text commentary, on Monday at 19:10 BST.


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Question: A US lighthouse will begin a journey inland on Thursday to avoid falling down an eroding cliff side.

The $3m (Â£2m) effort will move the 400-tonne Gay Head Lighthouse in Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts.
The 160-year-old structure helped mariners navigate foggy coastlines during the peak of the whaling trade in the region in the 1800s.
The historic lighthouse should arrive at its destination farther away from the Atlantic Ocean by Saturday.
As it stands now, it is only 46ft (14 metres) from the edge of a cliff.
Gay Head Lighthouse is a popular tourist destination for holidays, on the western side of Martha's Vineyard.
The lighthouse has been hoisted off the ground to prepare for the move.
The lighthouse will be passed along steel beams and rollers by hydraulic jacks, which will move it 129 feet (39 meters) southeast of its current location.
Within two years, the lighthouse would have been too near to the edge to move safely.
The call to move it has become more urgent in recent years due to landslides, strong ocean waves and groundwater, eroding the surrounding Gay Head cliffs.

The isle is a mile long (16.km), depending on tides and weather, and separated from the mainland by a (330ft) 100 metre wide channel.
It was first spotted by locals as a "bump" above the water in April, according to the Island Free Press.
Photos taken by a Connecticut tourist have gone viral on Instagram, leading to a boost in curious visitors.
Photographer Chad Koczera described encountering the island during his visit to Cape Point.
"My fiancee and I were driving to the point after a storm to collect shells when we spotted an area we couldn't get to by car," he said.
He described returning for his fifth time to the park, and to visit Cape Point where he had proposed marriage to his then-girlfriend.
"I sent the drone up to check it out and noticed this beautiful island. We didn't get a chance to make it on to the island because of the strong current."
The island is littered with old shipwrecks and whale bones that poke through its sands, says local historian Danny Couch.
Experts say the shores of the Outer Banks are constantly shifting, as sandbars rise above or sink back below the water.
Park superintendent Dave Hallac has cautioned visitors against trying to swim or walk across the channel to reach the island.
Currents can swiftly carry away a person, while sharks and sting rays have been spotted in the area.
Visitors are advised to use a kayak or paddleboard to reach Hatteras Island, as it's been dubbed.


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Question: Aljaz Bedene will not be allowed to represent Great Britain in the Davis Cup after losing his appeal.

Bedene, 26, played three Davis Cup ties for Slovenia before becoming a British citizen in March 2015.
A rule preventing players representing a second nation was later introduced by the International Tennis Federation.
"I will have to assess my situation now before I decide on what steps to take next," said Bedene, who has lived in the United Kingdom since 2008.
Currently ranked 57th in the world, he gained UK citizenship in March and became the British number two behind Andy Murray.
He appealed against the ITF's decision on the grounds his passport application was lodged before the rule changed at the start of 2015.
Lawn Tennis Association chief executive Michael Downey said the British governing body was "very disappointed" by the outcome.
In November, Britain won the Davis Cup for the first time since 1936.
They beat Japan in the opening round earlier this month to reach the quarter-finals of this year's competition and face a trip to Serbia in July.
BBC Radio 5 live tennis correspondent Russell Fuller:
The decision has not come as a surprise as the new rule retains a lot of support within national governing bodies. If an exception had been made for Bedene, the principle may have been fatally undermined.
Daria Gavrilova has been allowed to play Fed Cup for her new nation Australia, but only because she had never represented Russia.
Bedene, frustrated with the handling of his case and the length of time it has taken, could still seek a ruling from the Court of Arbitration for Sport.
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Next week's final takes place in Ghent. The city is 35 miles from Molenbeek, the focus of a manhunt for one of the suspects involved in the Paris attacks.
"I don't want to live in fear each time I step on a court," said Murray, 28, who has been named in the provisional five-man squad for the tie.
Tuesday's football friendly with Spain in Brussels has already been cancelled.
Belgium's government has raised the terror threat level to three in the country, and the International Tennis Federation said in a statement on Monday it was "continuing with preparations" for the Davis Cup final "with the emphasis on security operations".
Meanwhile, the Lawn Tennis Association, British tennis' governing body, said: "The LTA is in regular dialogue with the ITF on event security relating to the Davis Cup final. We are also taking advice from the Foreign Office and will continue to closely monitor the situation.
"The safety of everyone in the British contingent, including our players and fans, remains our number one priority."
Aside from British number one Murray, James Ward, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot are also on the provisional list for Great Britain's final against Belgium, which will take place from 27 to 29 November.
GB captain Leon Smith no longer has the option of bringing in British number two Aljaz Bedene. The 26-year-old's appeal in Prague has been adjourned until next year, so he is ineligible.
Bedene played in the Davis Cup for Slovenia three times before gaining UK citizenship in March, but a Davis Cup rule change prevents players representing a second country. Bedene is appealing on the grounds his passport application was lodged before the rule changed at the start of 2015.
Smith will name his final four at the draw in Ghent on the eve of next week's final.


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Question: Afghan presidential candidate Abdullah Abdullah has extended his lead over his rival Ashraf Ghani, according to latest partial results from the presidential election.

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Dr Abdullah, a former foreign minister, has 44% of the vote while Mr Ghani has 33%, election officials say. About half the votes have been counted.
About seven million people voted across 34 provinces in the 5 April poll.
A runoff will take place in late May if no candidate gets a majority.
Final results are expected on 14 May. Independent Election Commission chairman Ahmad Yousuf Nouristani has warned that the current statistics are "partial" and "changeable".
Speaking after the latest results were announced, Dr Abdullah said he was ready for a second round.
"It's important that the process is a free and fair one," he told AP news agency.
"If it goes to the second round in accordance to the rule of law, we are ready for that as well. At this stage, we believe that another round might not be needed."
Zalmai Rassoul, another former foreign minister, who is believed to be President Hamid Karzai's preferred successor, has 10% of the vote from the first round.
The Taliban failed to disrupt the first round but warmer weather, at the height of the so-called fighting season, would make a second round more of a security challenge, the BBC's David Loyn in Kabul reports.
If this lead widens further as more results come in, then Dr Abdullah's ability to form a government on his terms would be unstoppable, our correspondent adds.
Possible electoral fraud has been a concern, but the election body responsible for dealing with complaints has previously said that it would be weeks before it rules on the issue.
There were allegations of large-scale fraud when Mr Karzai was re-elected in 2009. Dr Abdullah came second in that poll.
Mr Karzai is barred by the constitution from seeking a third term.
The next president will face several challenging issues, including the expected withdrawal of foreign combat troops from Afghanistan and ongoing attacks by the Taliban.

Ghulam Jilani Popal stepped aside citing personal reasons, according to a government official.
Many ministerial posts remain unfilled, four months after tense elections.
There are also concerns that as many as 11 of those set to enter the cabinet of 25 may hold dual citizenship, meaning MPs could veto them under Afghan law.
However Ghulam Jilani Popal's decision not to go for the finance portfolio was due to disagreements with the president on a number of unspecified issues, according to an unnamed government official cited by Reuters.
The official said Mr Popal was instead being considered for the Independent Directorate of Local Governance, countering the message from the presidential palace that personal reasons were behind his withdrawal.
The new nominee for the position of finance minister is expected to be Eklil Ahmad Hakimi, Afghanistan's current ambassador to the United States.
The news follows the revelation that President Ghani's nominee for agriculture minister, Mohammad Yaqub Haidari, is on Interpol's most wanted list over allegations of tax evasion in Estonia which date back to 2003.
Forming a cabinet has proved difficult due to the current balance of power, with Mr Ghani's opponent in last year's elections, Abdullah Abdullah, holding the position of chief executive.
A power vacuum at key ministries has hit the economy and hampered efforts to contain a burgeoning Taliban insurgency, emboldened by the withdrawal of most foreign troops last year.
Another controversy, over the issue of dual citizenship, is currently raging ahead of a crucial parliamentary vote of confidence in the new 25-strong cabinet on Friday.
Eleven potential cabinet ministers, including Mr Popal, hold dual citizenship according to Abdul Qader Zazai, a member of the committee screening nominees.
Afghan law prevents dual citizens from holding cabinet posts without parliamentary approval. Second nationalities held by prospective cabinet ministers include American, British, Turkish, Australian and Canadian.


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Question: The mother of a missing French student has confirmed that his body has been found in Duddingston Loch in Edinburgh.

Antoine Maury, 21, was last seen more than a month ago. He disappeared after leaving a group of friends suddenly on Monday 24 October.
A man matching his description was later seen at the loch wearing no top.
On Facebook, his mother Laura Maury thanked people for their help and support over the last few weeks.
She said: "For all of you out there and particularly to all of Antoine's, older and more previous friends.
"My beloved sons body was recovered in the Dudingston Loch earlier this morning. Antoine would had turned 22 on the 31st of December this year. Thank you all for your help and support during the last 5 and 1/2 weeks. God bless you all."
Divers and sonar equipment were used in the search for Mr Maury whose family travelled to Edinburgh to appeal for information.
Earlier, a Police Scotland spokeswoman said: "Police in Edinburgh can confirm that a body has been recovered from Duddingston Loch.
"The discovery was reported to police around 10:30 on Friday, 2 December.
"Inquiries are ongoing to establish the man's identity.
"The family of Antoine Maury have been informed of this development."

Police say the death is not being treated as suspicious.
It has emerged she sent a Valentine's message on Facebook to her five children less than an hour before she was discovered in the town.
Ms Williams' body was found on Sunday night in a shelter at Newry Beach.


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Question: West Brom have made an offer of about £15m for Manchester United's Morgan Schneiderlin, who can leave Old Trafford for "the right offer".

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The France midfielder, 27, joined United from Southampton for £25m in July 2015, but has played only 11 Premier League minutes this season.
Baggies manager Tony Pulis confirmed the bid, while Red Devils boss Jose Mourinho said he "would not stop him" if the board was happy with the fee.
Everton are also interested.
Mourinho said Schneiderlin had asked to leave, adding: "If he is playing regularly, I have a right to say 'no way'. If he is not playing regularly, I have no right to say 'you are not going anywhere'.
"He is a great professional. A fantastic boy."
The offer for Schneiderlin is close to the club-record fee West Brom paid to sign Tottenham midfielder Nacer Chadli in August, which was reported to be £13m.

The Tigers, who are 19th in the Premier League, rejected a bid from West Ham earlier this month for the 29-year-old midfielder.
The Scotland international, who joined Hull from Norwich in 2014, has scored seven Premier League goals this season.
The Tigers say the move is now down to the player and he has not yet gone for a medical at Burnley.
Hull have so far rejected offers of up to £6m from West Ham for Snodgrass, who missed Sunday's 2-0 defeat at Chelsea with what manager Marco Silva described as "a small injury in the knee".
West Ham remain interested but Silva is reluctant to part with Snodgrass having already sold midfielder Jake Livermore to West Brom for an undisclosed fee, believed to be £10m.
Any deal for Snodgrass would have to be for about the same price.
Snodgrass has been linked with a move away from the KC Stadium since December, before Hull triggered a one-year contract extension, tying him to the club until the end of the 2017-18 season.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.


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Question: The value of the pound has been sliding on international currency markets, declining nearly 4% since the start of 2016.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

It has been losing ground against the euro for the past eight weeks, its longest downward streak since the single currency was introduced in 1999.
Last week, it hit its lowest level in euro terms for a year. Against the dollar, it has fared even worse, plumbing depths not seen since mid-2010.
Isn't this all rather sudden?
Indeed. As recently as November, the pound was as high as â‚¬1.43, but it's been downhill all the way since then. Now it's flirting with the â‚¬1.30 mark.
Over the same time period, against the US dollar, it's gone from being worth as much as $1.53 to about $1.43.
That makes it one of the worst performing major currencies, at a time when the UK economy has been considered to be stronger than many of its peers.
After all, it has grown in every quarter since the start of 2013, whereas some eurozone countries are still seeing contractions.
So what happened?
Well, the US Federal Reserve's decision to raise interest rates in December has highlighted the differences between the US and UK economies.
Last year, there had been an expectation that when the Fed rate rise eventually came, the Bank of England would quickly follow suit.
But now that expectation has faded. The predicted timing of the next UK interest rate rise has shifted - first to late 2016, then to early 2017.
The current record low interest rate of 0.5% makes holding sterling less attractive and encourages traders to sell the currency.
Is that all there is to it?
No, there are other factors at work as well, explaining the Bank of England's reluctance to raise interest rates.
Weak economic data is casting doubt on the future performance of the UK economy, with inflation persistently well below the Bank of England's 2% target and earnings growth slowing down from a six-year high.
Earlier this month, figures for November showed that UK industrial output had suffered its sharpest decline since 2013.
Looking further ahead, investors are worried about the outcome of a referendum on the UK's continued membership of the EU.
As Andy Scott of foreign exchange services firm HiFX put it: "Concerns over the UK economy and the risk of a Brexit look likely to continue to haunt sterling."
Traders are also generally more risk-averse in the light of the global turmoil caused by Chinese market problems and falling oil prices, which makes them reluctant to buck sterling's downward trend.
What are the consequences?
If the pound's weakness continues, tourists will find that trips to Europe and the US are more expensive, with sterling buying fewer euros and dollars than last year.
Imported goods will also become more expensive when priced in pounds, which would fuel domestic inflation.
UK exporters should, in theory, derive a boost from a weak pound, since their goods become cheaper in euro or dollar terms.
However, the UK doesn't produce as many tangible exports as it used to: the country's service sector has recovered to the levels seen before the financial crisis, but manufacturing has not.
How long is this likely to last?
Ask the Chancellor, George Osborne.
He recently warned that the UK was facing a "cocktail" of serious threats from a slowing global economy.
He added that this year was likely to be one of the toughest since the financial crisis, and that far from "mission accomplished" on the economy, "2016 is the year of mission critical".
In this context, the pound's latest woes seem a fair reflection of uncertainty ahead.
In the words of Esther Reichelt of Commerzbank, "the headwinds to the British economy have definitely increased."

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Easyjet fell 6% in the wake of the announcement, making it the biggest loser on the FTSE 100 share index.
The pound has recently been under pressure as worries over the Brexit process persist.
Overall, the FTSE 100 was down 8.89 points or 0.13% at 7,024.36.
This week, sterling has hit a 31-year low against the dollar and a five-year low against the euro.
The currency has fallen on worries that the UK will be prepared to leave the EU single market as part of the Brexit process so that it can impose controls on immigration.
In morning trading on Thursday, it notched up further slight falls, sliding 0.34% against the dollar to $1.2706 and 0.19% against the euro to €1.1356.


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Question: The average life expectancy of men and women at the age of 65 has fallen in the past three years, suggests data published by the actuarial profession.

Updated projections from the Institute and Faculty of Actuaries suggest that men aged 65 will now live another 22.2 years, down from 22.8 years in 2013.
Women aged 65 will now live for a further 24.1 years, down from 25.1 years in 2013, the actuaries say.
The change is due to lower expectations of how much death rates will improve.
"Recent population data has highlighted that, since 2011, the rate at which mortality is improving has been slower than in previous years," the Institute explained.
"However, mortality is expected to continue to improve and there is significant uncertainty as to whether this will be at a slower rate than experienced in the first decade of this century," it added.
The actuarial profession bases its analysis - called the Continuous Mortality Investigation (CMI) - on the death statistics for England and Wales which are supplied by the Office for National Statistics (ONS).
For the past few decades there has been a very strong and well publicised improvement in life expectancy in the UK, both at birth and also at age 65, which is the most relevant age for pension schemes.
But that trend appears to have slowed down since 2011.
Stephen Caine, of the big actuarial firm Willis Towers Watson, said: "Until recently, mortality rates in the UK were falling at an impressive pace."
"Since 2011, these improvements have stalled [and] as the CMI notes, mortality rates in 2016 were about 11% higher than they would have been if the 2000-2011 trend had continued," he added.
The recent retreat in projected life expectancy has also been recorded for other age groups.
For instance, the CMI data suggests that men aged 45 will now live a further 42 years (down from 43 years in 2013) and that women aged 45 will live for 44 years, down from 45.1 years in 2013.
A spike in deaths in early 2015 during an influenza outbreak provoked some speculation that death rates might in fact start rising for some older age groups.
But Tim Gordon, a spokesman for the CMI, stressed that the changes to life expectancy projections were not due to a deterioration in mortality rates, but simply due to using less optimistic assumptions about how fast those death rates would improve in the future.
However, another actuarial firm, Mercer, pointed out that a spike in winter deaths had continued in recent years.
It said that more than 140,000 people, aged 65 or more, had died in the winter of 2016-17.
That was 11% more than the 126,000 who died in the winter of 2015-16, with the number respiratory-related deaths up by 21%.
But the firm's spokesman, Glyn Bradley, said the long-term trend was still likely to be one of greater longevity.
"Medical research, application of past breakthroughs, innovative use of technology and potential for lifestyle improvements all mean that lifespans will continue to increase," he said.

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The Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA) said the number of people aged 85 and over has risen by 1,000 each year for a decade.
The proportion of the NI population older than 85 is, at 2%, lower than in other UK countries, said NISRA.
But over the decade ending in 2015, Northern Ireland had the largest level of growth (37%) among this age group.
A record number of people in the UK - some 14,570 - were aged 100 or older, the latest official data shows.
That number has quadrupled over the last two decades, according to Office for National Statistics figures for 2015.