Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A man has been jailed for smashing a beer bottle over the head of a runner raising money for a cancer charity.

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Kai Webb, 18, downed a bottle of vodka before attacking David Reynolds as he ran along Teignmouth seafront in Devon.
Webb, of Ashleigh Park, Teignmouth, admitted wounding, theft and two common assaults and was jailed at Exeter Crown Court for 12 months.
Mr Reynolds and his partner Eve Hazelton raised almost Â£30,000 for the breast cancer charity Coppafeel.
The couple were part way through running 10km a day for 100 days on 11 April when they were intercepted by a group of youths, including Webb, at about 19:00.
Webb walked up behind Mr Reynolds and smashed the bottle over the back of his head, causing a gash to the scalp and ear which required eight stitches.
A large group of supporters turned out to support film director Mr Reynolds the next day, when he overcame his injuries and ran dressed as a giant beer bottle.
Recorder Martin Meeke QC told Webb: "This was mindless unprovoked violence in a town centre and the sort of conduct which persuades many members of the public to avoid town centres at night."
Gordon Richings, prosecuting, said the bottle attack happened after Webb had already stolen beer and thrown a tray at an assistant in a sandwich shop.
In a victim impact statement, Mr Reynolds said: "My injury is very evident to other people as I have no hair."
Barry White, defending, said Webb was only 17 when the attacks took place and his family are at a loss to explain why he behaved as he did.

The youth, who cannot be named for legal reasons, attacked Len Saunders, 65, in St Helens in July. He died nine days later.
Liverpool Crown Court heard the youth was under the influence of alcohol and drugs at the time.
Mr Saunders' niece said his death was a "monstrous act".
The victim was described as an "unsung hero" of the community as a result of charity work which included delivering food to orphanages in Romania.
A local bridge will be lit up in yellow in tribute to Mr Saunders when his funeral is held.


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Question: Leave groups have declared more than £3.7m in donations raised in three weeks for the campaign to quit the EU.

The funds raised between 22 April and 12 May, published by the Electoral Commission, were more than twice that declared by their Remain rivals.
Britain Stronger In Europe, which raised £1,044,476, said this exposed Vote Leave's "hypocrisy" in "their claims about 'the establishment'".
Vote Leave said: "The financial support for 'Project Fear' is collapsing."
Campaigners on both sides must publish any donations and loans received worth more than £7,500 in four pre-referendum reports from 1 February to the eve of the vote - 22 June 2016.
In the latest report, for the three weeks to 12 May, the bulk declared was in donations - with just one loan, of £10,000, received from the EU Referendum Campaign Ltd.
Campaigners for the UK to leave the EU declared £3,781,343, of which £3,355,000 was for the designated lead campaign, Vote Leave.
The biggest single donation was £850,000 from International Motors Ltd.
The various campaigns for the UK to remain in the EU collectively declared £1,573,402 over the same period, the bulk of which was raised by Britain Stronger In Europe.
Its largest donations were both for £250,000, one from the Bet365 group and one from Mark Coombs.
The group said it had received an "excellent response from across the UK", with more than 13,000 donations of £50 or less.
But it said the difference in amounts raised "highlights the hypocrisy of the deep-pocketed Leave campaigns and their claims about 'the establishment', which will ring increasingly hollow as it becomes apparent how well-funded they are".
Vote Leave has said it is in a "David and Goliath" fight against the Remain camp - pointing to banks such as Goldman Sachs and JP Morgan that have funded the campaign.
It has also accused Ryanair of breaking electoral law in its pro-EU campaign.
On Thursday, a spokesman for Vote Leave said the Remain campaign could "still rely on the big banks to fill their coffers" but the public were being "turned off by a campaign to do down the British economy".
"The fact that funding is drying up for the In campaign shows that the financial support for 'Project Fear' is collapsing," the Vote Leave spokesman said.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article:

Millions of people have voted in a historic referendum on whether the UK should remain a member of the European Union or leave.  Here we look back at the events in pictures.
The UK has now voted to leave the European Union.


Question:
this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Fewshots:
'['this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'The new Airbus A350 XWB that is flying daily displays at the Paris Air Show can claim several engineering firsts.']' == '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.', 'One of these is that it has more 3D printed components than any other aircraft, about 1,000 on a plane that has only just gone into service.\nMeanwhile, Raytheon has 3D parts on its missiles, while makers of drones are increasingly using them. And United Launch Alliance - a joint venture between Lockheed Martin and Boeing - has the parts on the rockets it sends into space.\nNo longer is 3D a novelty manufacturing process. It\'s going mainstream, underlined by the number of 3D-related firms at the Paris show and conference briefings being held on the sidelines.\nAnd it has the potential to transform the aerospace industry\'s global supply chain and cost structure, producing parts faster, and which are lighter and mean less waste. It may also mean companies bringing more production back in-house.\nThe 3D components on the A350 XWB are mostly widgets and brackets, formed by fusing layer upon layer of resins  in machines that replicate computer-generated 3D models. (Metals and even glass can also be used).\nSo, we\'re talking about small routine parts here, rather than large structures - at the moment.\nBut don\'t dismiss the significance that 3D printing is playing, says Ian Risk, Airbus Group\'s head of innovations in the UK, where the aerospace giant makes aircraft wings.\n"These components contribute a huge amount to the manufacturing process. Often, it\'s the fiddly parts that create delays in production," he said.\nThe size of the component being made is limited by the size of the printing machine.\nMr Risk doubts there will ever be a machine big enough to turn out a whole airframe. "But we are looking at wider applications," he said. "The scale of what we do will increase."\n3D printing\'s biggest supporters talk of a future world in which machines will be sited at key locations across the globe, churning out components when needed - not stored in a factory somewhere awaiting delivery to factories.\nSay, for example, an A380 super-jumbo is flying into Singapore and needs a new part. In our digitally connected world, a machine could be programmed to start printing even before the aircraft lands.\nIt sounds good in theory, and Mr Risk says that "agile manufacturing" will certainly reshape the industry\'s global supply chain and reduce lead times.\nBut there are plenty of hurdles, especially the issue of transmitting secure data across the world, he said.\nWhile the holy grail of on-demand supply may be a little way off, John Schmidt, US-based managing director of aerospace and defence at consultancy Accenture, says printing is reducing lead times from months to weeks.\nHe says it\'s too far early to call the end of traditional manufacturing - machining, casting and injection moulding. But the technology and scale of 3D printing will inevitably improve, so it\'s only a matter of time before a tipping point is reached.\n3D parts reduce weight on aircraft, and so improve fuel efficiency, he says. And making one 3D part often replaces the need to combine several smaller parts, reducing the need to carry inventory.\nPart of a cooling system used by rocket maker ULA now uses 16 parts, where before it was 140. ULA also says it has cut costs on its latest Atlas rocket by $1m using 3D.\nMr Schmidt added: "3D is also ideal for industries with short production runs - like aerospace - as it maximises the cost advantages of smaller production runs." It also reduces waste, as the component is built up rather than cut from a block of material.\nHe predicts that one of the most significant impacts could be on aircraft design, especially as 3D offers the promise to produce more complex shapes. "It opens options to be innovative in ways that do not exist now; to build something the first time and at the right time," he said.\nAnd wouldn\'t that be good news for plane makers, whose big industrial projects are frequently plagued by production delays and cost-overruns.\nThe US-Israeli company Stratasys makes 3D machines and supplies materials and composites used to build components.\nDirector Scott Sevcik predicts that within 10 years, about 40-50% of aircraft components will use printed materials. It\'s about 4% now. In 20 years, the vast majority of parts will have some form of 3D printed contribution.\nThe thermoplastic material that Stratasys supplied for ULA\'s rockets can operate in extreme heat and cold, as well as under intense vibration and speed. As with 3D components used in civil aircraft, they have to go through rigorous regulatory approval.\nMr Sevcik said the ULA parts are for interior use, but that if tests on Stratasys\' plastic, called Ultem, go to plan then 3D parts could be used on the exterior of unmanned rockets with a couple of years.\n"It is very hard now to think of anything that won\'t be printable at some point in the future," he said, given advances in technology and material science.']' != '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Here we share some images of the airport, whose expansion began after World War Two.']'

Question: A row has broken out in South Africa after a government official refused to conduct a radio interview in English.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Lumka Oliphant was invited to discuss a crisis over social security payments, amid fears that millions of vulnerable people could be cut off next month when a government contract expires.
The spokeswoman has been widely condemned on Twitter and accused of using distraction tactics.
A minority has praised her decision to respond in Zulu.
Of South Africa's 11 official languages, English is the most commonly used in official communications.
"Just for the benefit of all my listeners, could you please just respond in English?" Talk radio 702 host Xolani Gwala asks the Social Development Department spokeswoman after her initial answer.
Ms Oliphant had been invited on the show to discuss confusion over how millions of South Africans will access their social grant payments once the contract with the current provider, Cash Paymaster Services (CPS), expires at the end of the month.
"People want to knowâ€š will the grants be paid?" the host adds, before Ms Oliphant continues to respond in Zulu.
The host on the popular English-language radio station then brings the interview to an end after little more than a minute:
"If you don't want to talk I'm sorryâ€š I'm going to have to move on because you clearly don't want to do this and you are determined to disrespect the medium."
Lumka Oliphant is no stranger to controversy.
She had to issue a public apology in recent months after hurling insults at critics who had questioned whether her boss was competent enough to run the country's department for social development.
South Africa is a young democracy with a youthful population, now asking pressing questions about how to build the unified "rainbow nation" that was envisaged by Nelson Mandela.
The divisions left by white minority rule and the legacy of colonialism are clear and the question of language falls squarely into that.
Some argue that the elevation of English above other languages as the lingua franca of national debate provides evidence of a continued form of "self-colonisation".
But however valid that debate is, there are accusations that it was opportunist of the spokeswoman to use it here.
It's being seen as a deliberate attempt to divert attention from the issue at hand.
Ms Oliphant had been on that same radio station a number of times and spoken in English.
She has addressed many press conferences in English in the past without raising the issue.
So why now?  Smoke and mirrors, argue her critics.
Ms Oliphant, whose name has been trending on Twitter across the country, has been criticised for failing to give answers about the payment crisis facing the South Africa Social Security Agency (SASSA):
South Africa pays out around 140 billion rand ($10.7bn; Â£8.7bn) a year in grants to vulnerable people including pensioners, unemployed mothers and disabled people.
Social Development Minister Bathabile Dlamini told reporters on Sunday that payments would continue, despite ongoing confusion over how they would be made.
"No-one will go unpaid. We are sure about that," she said.
In 2014, the constitutional court found that the contract awarded to private company CPS was not lawful.
The government body Sassa is responsible for distributing social grants to more than 16 million South Africans, according to its official website.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Gareth Cliff was sacked by M-Net TV after appearing to cite "freedom of speech" as a defence for comments made by a white South African woman, who had referred to black people as "monkeys" in a widely shared Facebook post.
Auditions for the new season of Idol are due to start in Durban on Saturday.
M-Net has not commented on the ruling.
There have been several high-profile rows over racism on social media in South African in recent months.
The case at the high court in Johannesburg did not deal directly with Mr Cliff's comments, but on whether he had a contract with M-Net.
Judge Caroline Nicholls found that there was a binding contract between the media personality and the pay-TV channel.
In 2002, Idols was forced to defend itself against accusations of racial prejudice, after a white South African won the first series, despite commentators saying that he was a less talented singer than other black contestants on the show.
Apartheid, which legally enforced a racial hierarchy privileging white South Africans, ended in 1994 with the election of the country's first democratic government.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details!

Question: Some public services in Scotland could be facing budget cuts of almost a fifth over the next four years, according to a study by economic forecasters.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Fraser of Allander Institute said its "worst case scenario" was a £1.6bn cut - 6% - to the Scottish government's overall budget by 2020/21.
Even under more optimistic scenarios, the Scottish budget is still projected to fall in real terms.
The institute also predicted the grant given to councils could be cut by £1bn.
And it warned that cuts to local services were likely to become increasingly apparent in the years ahead unless there was "radical reform".
The institute, which is based at Strathclyde University, said the Scottish government's major commitments on protecting health and police spending and doubling free childcare provision meant other departments could face cuts of up to 16%.
It said this meant the government was facing a "tough re-prioritisation" in unprotected areas if it was to deliver its key pledges.
The report's authors warned of tough choices ahead whatever the outcome of the UK Treasury's deficit-reduction plan in the wake of the Brexit vote.
And it found that even before the uncertainty caused by Brexit, the Scottish government's budget was forecast to fall by just over 3% in real terms by 2020/21 as a result of the UK government's ongoing fiscal consolidation.
The forecasters said the Scottish budget had faced "unprecedented cuts since 2010, with the resource budget for this year 5% lower in real terms than 2010/11 as a result of cuts to Scotland's block grant from Westminster.
And it said a £1.6bn cut over the next four years would represent more than the Scottish government's entire Finance and Economy; Fair Work, Skills and Training; Culture and External Affairs; and Rural Affairs, Food and Environment portfolios combined.
New Chancellor Philip Hammond is to set out his revised plans for the economy in the autumn statement on 23 November.
After that, Scottish Finance Secretary Derek Mackay will publish a draft budget for 2016-17.
Prof Graeme Roy, director of the Fraser of Allander Institute, said: "The combination of a weakening in the outlook for the UK public finances impacting on Scotland's block grant, a challenging outlook for devolved revenues, and a series of significant spending priorities - particularly in health and the planned transformation in childcare - will require a substantial re-prioritisation of spend and reform of public services in Scotland.
"While the challenge falls on the finance secretary, critics of the forecast cuts in unprotected public services will have to point out where - with a highly constrained overall funding settlement - their priorities for cuts would be and what taxes they would increase."
The report comes as the Scottish Parliament's fiscal responsibilities are expanding rapidly, with about 40% of devolved expenditure funded by tax revenues collected in Scotland, a figure that the institute said would rise to 50% once half of VAT revenues are assigned.
Scotland's economic performance - and more particularly, Scotland's relative performance compared to the UK - will therefore have a much greater bearing on the spending plans of Holyrood than ever before.
If Scotland can grow its economy more quickly than the rest of the UK, then it will now retain a share of the revenues that this generates.
But if it grows more slowly, then it will bear the risk of lower revenues.
The Scottish government will also have the opportunity to set different tax rates and allowances within devolved taxes to raise or lower revenues and to determine spending on new devolved benefits.

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The health board still has to find savings of £8.2m before the end of March to break even this financial year.
More than £10m of the projected deficit was due to costs incurred at Raigmore Hospital in Inverness.
However, in October NHS Highland had managed to bring this figure down to £6m.
The health board has been criticised for its financial situation in recent months.
Scotland's financial watchdog highlighted concerns about the accounts of NHS Highland in a report laid out in the Scottish Parliament in October.
Audit Scotland stated that weaknesses in financial management were a factor in the health board requiring a £2.5m loan from the Scottish government to break even last financial year.


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Question: A former Broadmoor Hospital worker who sold stories about patients to the Sun has been jailed for eight months.

Robert Neave, 62, had worked at the top security psychiatric hospital in Berkshire since 1980.
The healthcare nursing assistant from Liverpool contacted the newspaper in September 2007 to offer information about Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe and other patients.
Judge Richard Marks QC said his actions were a "gross breach of trust".
Neave also passed on information about Robert Napper, who killed Rachel Nickell on Wimbledon Common in 1992.
Sutcliffe, a former Bradford lorry driver, received 20 life sentences in 1981 for murdering 13 women and attempting to murder seven others.
After his initial contact, Neave passed on 14 tips to the newspaper over the next two and a quarter years and was paid a total of Â£7,125.
He pleaded guilty in November 2013 to conspiracy to commit misconduct in a public office, and was sentenced at the Old Bailey on Thursday.
Judge Marks said the articles written as a result of Neave's tip-offs "caused mistrust and suspicion as well as potentially impacting on security".
He added: "Your duty of confidentiality was something you were well aware of. Accordingly it is difficult to see there can be any excuse at all for what you did. It does appear you must have been motivated by money."
The Common Serjeant of London said the sentence was "significantly" reduced after taking into account the long delay in sentencing and the fact that Neave is the sole carer for his elderly father.
But he said: "I regret to say that in my judgment the scope and scale of your offending was such that an immediate custodial sentence is inevitable."
'Not a whistleblower'
The case was part of Operation Elveden, the Met Police investigation into alleged corrupt payments to public officials.
Speaking after the sentencing, Det Supt Larry Smith, leading on Operation Elveden, said Neave had been in a "highly trusted position".
"He was not a whistleblower but released private information, obtained in the course of his duties for financial gain."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

8 July 2016 Last updated at 22:24 BST
These are some excerpts of the recorded conversation when Marcus promises the victim, Hannah Casey, that the money will be returned.
She never received the money, and Marcus, 52, of Ashfield Avenue in Bushey, was subsequently jailed for four and a half years after admitting fraud.


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Question: A cake maker from Rhondda Cynon Taff found an unexpected visitor in her home shopping delivery.

Claire Lewis, from Tonypandy, saw what she thought was a small snake trapped in the packaging of a chocolate cake from Asda.
It was later confirmed to be a slow worm - a limbless lizard.
The supermarket has apologised and sent Ms Lewis a "goodwill" gift voucher, which she will donate to her local food bank.
"It scared me before I knew it was a harmless slow worm," said Ms Lewis. "They're very snake-like."
Ms Lewis released it into her garden.
"Sadly the cake and the bag's other contents went in to the bin... but the slow worm was free to live another day," she said.
Asda refunded Ms Lewis Â£6 for the contents of her shopping bag and sent her a Â£30 gift voucher.
An Asda spokeswoman said: "We're really sorry that there was an unexpected visitor tagging along with Ms Lewis' home shopping.
"We have given Ms Lewis a refund and have offered a gesture of goodwill to go some way towards making up for any upset caused."

Whether you have found 2016 a good, bad or indifferent year, here are some of the most-watched news videos from around England each month.
One of the most-watched videos of January was about secret wartime tunnels beneath Clapham South Tube station being opened up to the public.
The warren-like network provided shelter for thousands of Londoners during World War Two.
Anushka Binoy hit the headlines in January after getting the maximum score on an IQ test. The brainy youngster from Isleworth, who was then 11, sat the exam set by Mensa and has an official IQ of 162. Nearly a million people watched an interview with her.
February's top-viewed video was of a double-decker bus being blown up on a bridge in central London - all for a film.
Footage of the bus crossing Lambeth Bridge was taken by London Fire Brigade who were on standby in case anything went wrong with the explosion.
CCTV footage released by police in Kingston, showing a man neatly tripping up a suspected drug dealer was also popular, but surely nothing compares to Kurt - a former stray who is now 7ft (2m 13cm) tall and 11st (70kg)
The Anatolian Shepherd, from Chatham in Kent, manages to wolf down £120 worth of food every month, and on Fridays he has tripe, beef chunks, chicken hearts and ribs - served on a tray because it won't fit into a bowl.
The shooting of an adult film in garages in Sutton, south London, was deplored by local councillor Trish Fivey as "absolutely disgraceful". The movie was uploaded to the internet and viewers recognised landmarks including the car park at St Nicholas Shopping Centre. Glamorous.
Footage of clothes drying on a radiator may not seem terribly compelling, but it was accompanied by a health warning about dangers posed by a common household mould, leading to it being viewed a million times.
And March was also the month a 300ft (92m) mine shaft opened up under the patio of a house in Scorrier, Cornwall. It was thought to be a remnant of an 18th Century tin mine.
Stuart Dann, who runs Cornwall mine survey firm Mining-Eye in Cornwall said: "The area is like a massive bit of Swiss cheese".
There's nothing quite like a dancing gorilla, as Twycross Zoo found out when footage of three-year-old Lope aping around went viral. The zoo's director of life sciences Dr Charlotte Macdonald said Lope's "dance" was evidence of him playing - an important aspect of young apes' behaviour.
Also dancing about, but this time to dodge flying manure, was double-Oscar winning actor Emma Thompson. She was taking part in an anti-fracking demonstration when a farmer drove his muckspreader past, bespattering the campaigners.
And the London marathon took place. One runner surprised his girlfriend by stopping and pretending to tie up his shoe laces before pulling out a ring and proposing. She said "yes".
May was all about appearance. Eight-year-old Joshua Reape was sent home from school because of a hairstyle he'd copied from the hit BBC drama Peaky Blinders. His short back and sides - based on that of Tommy Shelby, a character played by Cillian Murphy - caused a stir at Abbey Catholic Primary School in Erdington.
But easily the most-viewed video of the month, with more than three million hits, was that of a London receptionist who was sent home from work after refusing to wear high heels.
While Leicester City supporters enjoyed their team's unlikely triumph in the Premier League, spare a thought for poor old Lee Chapman.
The lookalike postman, who'd attracted attention over his uncanny resemblance to Foxes striker Jamie Vardy, said he was "heartbroken" after the footballer blocked him on Twitter.
Also upset were the owners of several cars which got submerged by floods in south-east London, caused by torrential rain.
And sticking with a watery theme, a fox cub became stuck in a dishwasher. Yes, you read that right. A fox became stuck in a dishwasher.
He was eventually "ushered out" by a vet wielding a broom.
In Derbyshire, a six-bedroom luxury mansion which had been disguised as a farm shed was discovered by police. It was the work of Alan Yeomans who was jailed for drug dealing and money laundering. And the crook had called it "Shedley Manor". Clever.
July was the month to be remembered for a police dog joining in a push-up challenge. PC Steve Hopwood from Avon and Somerset Police was joined by Monty, who completed 23 push-ups to raise awareness of veteran suicide. The challenge is to do 22, but the pair did "one for luck".
In Sheffield, the challenge some sports enthusiasts filmed themselves wakeboarding through a Victorian storm drain.
August was the month in which an island in the River Avon in Worcestershire was put on the market. With no services on Osier Island, the owner lived using electricity from solar panels and rain water. BBC Midlands Today sent their drone up for the footage. The island and property sold at auction for £280,000 - comfortably beating its £190,000 guide price.
Staying with rivers, a mysterious black door was placed on a buttress of the Sonning Bridge in Berkshire. There was even a floating doormat. It's thought to have been the work of local artist Impro, and could refer to the fact Sonning is home to the Prime Minister Theresa May.
As for the pink hay bales, the giant marshmallowy structures were the brainchild of Dave Broster from Diggle Green Farm in Warrington. They were wrapped in pink plastic to raise awareness of breast cancer.
The joyous video of a deer bounding along the sands in Poole Harbour was taken at dawn by dog-walker Dave Mott in September. It's thought to be a Japanese Sika deer that may have swum over from Brownsea Island. Have a look at the little chap in action - it'll make you happy.
Another happy occasion was the wedding of Jamie and Mandy Milligan - where a stunt by the best man stole the show. He pretended he'd forgotten his speech and set off on an epic quest to find it.
An epic fail was also in the most-watched news, as a Domino's Pizza rider toppled off his bike while doing a wheelie. Which demonstrates exactly what happens to show-offs.
Oh, October was a showbiz month.
Britney Spears developed a crush on a 42-year-old man from Surrey. The object of her desire was Phil Lupton, a studio manager filmed by the singer riding his motorbike home. On the footage, which she posted on her Instagram account, the star can be heard saying: "My crush in London. Very hot, very hot, very hot."
Mr Lupton told BBC London his wife "didn't understand the fuss".
Take That crooner Gary Barlow turned up at a 13-year-old's birthday party in Birmingham and sang Greatest Day. She was in tears. Possibly of joy.
And then, baby-faced pop star Justin Bieber made a surprise appearance at an ice hockey practice session in Manchester. He even scored. Unbeliebable.
A thrill-seeker from Sheffield combined his passions for baked goods and bungee jumping by successfully dunking from 75m (246ft) away. Simon Berry's technique involved clasping one wrist over the other to offer greater stability and precision as the biscuit surged towards its small target. Well done him.
And another "well done" for eight-year-old Marcus Caffrey, who delivered his baby sister Freya when his mum went into labour. He said he was just focused on getting "the job done" before the paramedics took over.
Less well done, perhaps, for the designers of a "ghost roundabout" in Cambridge. The cobbled brick circle has been described as a "UFO landing pad" and an "urban crop circle" on social media.
Cambridgeshire County Council said it was designed to slow down traffic by confusing drivers. Job done.
In December, a meat and potato pie attached to a weather balloon was sent into space to see if its journey changed the molecular structure of the pie. The pioneering pastry was launched from Wigan.
In nearby Manchester, eyes were on an enormous fish caught in the Indian Ocean and put on display at the Arndale Market. The goliath grouper weighed 30 stone (190kg).
And to finish on a festive note, the BBC News jingle inspired a dancer in Leicester Square. After the video of Corville Cuffy became popular on social media, he was invited to the newsroom to perform it there.
The BBC, like someone's dad trying to sound cool, said Mr Cuffy threw "some funky shapes".


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Great Britain reached Monday's Olympic gymnastics men's team final with an impressive display in qualification.

Media playback is not supported on this device
They were fifth overall with 2012 champions China compiling the best overall score followed by USA, Russia and Japan.
Britons Nile Wilson and Max Whitlock qualified for the individual all-around final.
French gymnast Samir Ait Said suffer a horrific leg break after landing badly on the vault during qualifying.
Ukraine's Oleg Vernyayev, who missed out on a medal four years ago when his team came fourth, was the leading all-around qualifier, with London gold medallist Kohei Uchimura of Japan second.
Find out how to get into gymnastics with our special guide.
Whitlock, who won two bronze medals in 2012, also qualified for the floor and pommel finals. Team-mate Kristian Thomas made the floor final, Louis Smith is in the pommel final and Wilson will be in the high bar final.
Wilson, the highest-placed Briton in the all-around qualification having come fifth, said: "I'm loving every second of it and that's what I focus on, enjoying myself.
"Today, all I was focusing on was my gymnastics and what I could do and what I could control.
"I had to go out there and do six routines. I had a couple of little wobbles but, all in all, very consistent and clean and come out with a great score and a couple of big scores on a couple of big apparatus."

Scot Keatings, who missed the London Olympics through injury, has a personal best of 16.133, but scored a surprisingly low 14.633 in Bulgaria.
"I'm not sure what happened," the 24-year-old told BBC Sport.
There was better news for Britain's five-strong team, with the defending champions topping the qualification standings ahead of Saturday's final.
Keatings, Max Whitlock, Sam Oldham, Dan Purvis and captain Kristian Thomas scored a combined 267.076 across all six apparatus, to finish ahead of Russia (264.03) and Ukraine (261.277).
Media playback is not supported on this device
Whitlock qualified for Sunday's individual pommel horse final, and will be joined in the floor event by Purvis, whilst Oldham and Thomas secured the top-eight finishes they needed for the high bar final.
Keatings missed out on the parallel bars final - although he was in good company, with German Olympic silver medallist Marcel Nguyen also failing to make the cut.
"I performed the [pommel horse] routine I won with last year, which was supposed to be the easy one and then I'd bring out the new routine in the final," Keatings said.
"The judges have been quite harsh, but that happens sometimes."
Whitlock, who won floor gold at the 2013 Europeans, secured the top scores in both the floor (15.600) and pommel horse (15.966).
"I've been working really hard on the floor and have a new routine," the double Olympic bronze medallist told BBC Sport.
"I am really trying to retain that title but the pommel horse has always been my main focus so I am happy to get through with my best routine as well."
Friday will see British juniors boys Nile Wilson and Brinn Bevan contesting the all-around final - with both expected to be in contention for a medal.
Wilson, 18, was the stand-out performer when the five-strong junior boys squad claimed their fourth successive European team crown on Wednesday.


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Question: Euro 2016-bound Willie Collum should not be refereeing in the top-flight, according to former Hearts and Hibernian midfielder Michael Stewart.

The Scottish FA has declined to respond to the remarks, which follow a controversial penalty awarded during Aberdeen's 3-1 defeat in Inverness.
"It beggars belief how Willie Collum can still be refereeing at the top level of this game," said Stewart.
"There's just far too many of the big decisions he gets wrong."
Collum, who has been a Scottish top-flight referee since 2005, has Champions League experience and was in charge of last year's Uefa Super Cup final between Barcelona and Seville.
The 37-year-old has also been chosen as one of the 18 referees officiating at the Euro 2016 finals in France this summer.
However, Aberdeen manager Derek McInnes believes that Collum was "conned" by Caley Thistle's Ross Draper as the midfielder grimaced after he and Ash Taylor stretched for a loose ball inside the penalty box with the scores tied at 1-1.
Football pundit Stewart agreed and told BBC Scotland: "I think anybody who was watching that on the television could see instantly that, yes, the two feet were high, but there was no contact.
"Ross Draper fell down in an artificial manner because, if he'd been kicked, he would've spun the other way.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"It goes without saying that Ross Draper needs to be bearing some of the brunt of the criticism, but this isn't a case of a different referee every week - the recurring theme is that it's Willie Collum.
"This can't carry on. He completely and utterly ruined the game last night."
Aberdeen believed they should have been awarded penalties following later challenges on Graeme Shinnie and Taylor.
On the choice of Collum for top games in Scotland and in Europe, Stewart said: "It begs the question for me of - who is making these decisions?
"Ultimately, there has got to be a level of accountability here."
The SFA does not comment on individual referee performances. However, Collum's performances are marked at each game by referee observers.
"Everybody is going to make mistakes, we all accept that, but Willie Collum seems to get penalty kicks, big decisions regularly wrong," added Stewart.

The Scotland forward has scored 39 goals this season to lead Ronny Deila's side to the brink of retaining the Premiership title.
Team-mate Kieran Tierney won the Young Player of the Year award.
Mark Warburton was named manager of the year on a night when Rangers won three awards.
Ibrox captain Lee Wallace was also named Championship player of the year, while Barrie McKay's strike against Celtic in the Scottish Cup semi-final was voted goal of the season.
Dunfermline's Moroccan forward Faissal el Bakhtaoui won the League One award, while East Fife's Nathan Austin was player of the year for League Two.
Griffiths held off competition from Aberdeen winger Jonny Hayes, and Dundee duo Kane Hemmings and Greg Stewart.
He was given his prize at the Glasgow Hilton hotel a day after he scored the third goal in Celtic's 3-1 win over Hearts at Tynecastle, which all but sealed the league title for a fifth time in a row.
Celtic need just a point from their final three games to be crowned champions.
Left-back Tierney, 18, has been one of the stand outs for Celtic this season with 32 appearances.
He also made his Scotland debut in a 1-0 win over Denmark in March.
Rangers manager Warburton beat off competition from Ross County's Jim McIntyre, fellow Championship boss Peter Houston, and Peterhead's Jim McInally.
The Englishman took over at Ibrox last summer, leading Rangers to promotion to the Premiership and to the Petrofac Training Cup.
The former Brentford manager could also add the Scottish Cup to his list of honours should they defeat Hibernian at Hampden on 21 May.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Shimmering phenomena in the night sky - and starry sights billions of light years away - take a look at some of the finalists in the 2015 Insight Astronomy Photographer of the Year competition.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

"Utterly enthralling with moments of brilliance" is how the comedian, impersonator and amateur astronomer Jon Culshaw describes the shortlisted entries in the competition to become the Astronomy Photographer of the Year.
With his personal interest in the cosmos, Culshaw was one of the judges this year.
He says he was aged about seven or eight when he got the space bug.
He looked for UFOs, was fascinated by lunar eclipses and always watched the Sky at Night.
We are joined in the circular Endeavour Room, with its domed ceiling at the top of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, by another judge - Marek Kukula, the observatory's Public Astronomer.
"It is astonishing to see how far astrophotography has come in the past five years," he says.
The next image of the twinkling Milky Way was taken over a lake in the Pyrenees in south-west France.
Kukula says it is what the night sky would look like "if our eyes could take long exposure pictures like a camera".
"I love these noctilucent clouds which can be seen at certain times of the year, " says Culshaw of the next photo.
Normally seen in mid-summer in the UK - noctilucent clouds are high enough in the atmosphere to still be illuminated long after sunset.
"They are mesmorising," says Culshaw. "And taken over Sunderland, which is also pleasing."
Because the competition gets so many photographs of aurorae - the Northern and Southern Lights - there is a category just for them.
"It is a challenge to take an aurora shot which isn't a bit kitsch, a bit Christmas cardy" says Jon Culshaw.
But he describes the category winner as a wonderful shot with "the aurora cascading down, contrasted with a snowy mountainside cutting the image in two".
The next image took runner up in the Aurorae category.
"As a geeky physicist what I really like about this is the colours," says Kukula, "and how they are separated by height".
"It is to do with the physics of emitting atoms, high in the atmosphere. Green comes from oxygen, and the reds and blues come from a mix of oxygen and nitrogen. It is physics in action."
This next image - from the Our Moon category - shows the International Space Station crossing very close to the Terminator, the division between the illuminated and dark parts of the Moon, the lunar equivalent of day and night.
The moon is the largest satellite orbiting the Earth - the ISS is the second largest.
"The timing of this shot is great," says Culshaw. "And to get the detail of the space station - it doesn't look like just a blob or a fly on the lens."
"Unlike other astronomical objects - which emit too little light for photos - the Sun emits too much," says Kukula.
With the Sun he says, "photographers must limit the amount of light that comes into the camera - and this photographer has perfectly judged it with the right amount of dazzle".
The image is of the second diamond ring of the total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015.
Culshaw, who himself witnessed the eclipse from a ship just north of the Faroe Islands, says this photo makes him think of "clanging cymbals - an orchestral cacophony of light. It really does capture the drama".
Culshaw describes the next image as "a wonderful moment of serendipity".
It's called The Arrow Missed the Heart - and shows the Heart Nebula with Comet Jacques passing by.
Marek Kukula explains how near and far are juxtaposed beautifully here.
"The comet is well within our own Solar System - but the nebula is trillions and trillions of kilometres away."
Moving far, far beyond our own Solar System, the next photo is of a globular cluster of millions of ancient stars all swarming together like a cloud of bees.
"I would just love to be on the surface of a planet around one of the stars right at the centre," says Culshaw. "Imagine what kind of a night sky you would see. It would be incredible."
This next image is of colliding galaxies - "and for something so violent it's really rather graceful - like a dance," says Culshaw.
"It is a galactic crash playing out over millions of years," adds Kukula. "Red clouds of hydrogen - clouds of gas - collapsing to create new stars."
"This is a picture of the distant past and to see what the galaxies are doing now we will have to wait millions of years for the light to reach us."
This next image won the Galaxies category. It shows M33 - one of our neighbouring galaxies.
"You can see how chaotic the galaxy is with clouds of Space Dust," says Kukula. "Not a neat and tidy galaxy like the Milky Way or Andromeda."
Jon Culshaw says the People and Space category is one of his favourites.
"Part of the processing of this category is to reject certain images, where people have stood in what would otherwise been a lovely shot - as if to say LOL or take a selfie."
But in this next image he says, the interaction between people and space is very subtle.
He says the silhouetted figure adds a rather alien quality.
"I love the sense of the night sky being a cinema screen revealing a great display for the lone astrophotographer," says Kukula of the next image.
Taken in Chile, it shows the Milky Way arching in the night sky. The astronomer uses a red torch - so the red light won't affect his night vision.
This next image - taken in Hong Kong - won the People and Space category.
"It looks like rivers of molten quicksilver running down," says Culshaw.
But the photo was taken with a long exposure and the rivers are actually the torches of astronomers going up and down the hill.
"I love the fact that the winner of the People and Space category this year doesn't have any people in it!" adds Kukula.
The winner of the Young Astronomy section was taken by a 15-year-old boy, and features Comet Lovejoy.
Both judges describe it as technically very competent.
"Comet Lovejoy is still and vivid," says Culshaw, "in contrast with the dotty morse code star trails around it".
From the same category, this image of the total solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 was taken by a 7-year-old boy on a tablet computer, as he was on a flight over the North Atlantic.
"We were blown away by this," says Kukula. "He spotted an amazing sight and opportunity - and just clicked."
The next image took the special prize for robotic scope images. It shows an relatively close encounter between Comet Siding Spring and Mars.
Robotic scopes are sophisticated pieces of equipment - often powerful telescopes at dark-sky remote-site observatories. They are accessed by members of the public over the internet.
"It put me in mind of a 1970s science fiction special effect," says Culshaw. "I am glad there was no impact."
The Sir Patrick Moore Prize for Best Newcomer is for photographers who have only been taking images of the cosmos for up to a year.
It shows the Orion nebula - "a wonderful picture," says Culshaw.
"Like cigarette smoke in a club. Grey, blue and raspberry - contrasting shades beautifully captured."
This final image is the overall winner.
It is from the Skyscapes category and again it features the solar eclipse of 20 March 2015 - as seen from Svalbard, Norway.
Marek Kukula says it was a unanimous choice of the judges.
"It captures the moment of totality. The Moon blocking the Sun. The lighting effects in the sky reflecting in the snow. It feels like you are there."
Jon Culshaw says the image's beauty and power is in its simplicity - and it captures the feeling you get when you see an eclipse.
"A ball of rock the size of Australia blocking out the light of the Sun - but also the heat. There are huge laws of physics and the clockwork of the solar system being witnessed. I saw this and couldn't stop looking at it. It's almost other worldly."
Images from the Insight Astronomy Photographer of the Year 2015 competition can be seen at the Royal Observatory Greenwich in London until 26 June 2016.
All images subject to photographer copyright and provided courtesy Astronomy Photographer of the Year/National Maritime Museum.

The light show, which is caused by electrically charged particles from the Sun entering the Earth's atmosphere, was visible as the Earth moves into a new alignment with the Sun.
The display was spotted across the North East, Yorkshire and Cumbria.
Here are some of the images that were captured.
Aurora hunting in the UK
iWonder: How can I see the Northern Lights in the UK?


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The political crisis means that Stormont's finances have been under the control of a senior civil servant since the start of the financial year.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

David Sterling had to step in because the executive failed to agree a budget.
Like his fellow officials he was hoping for a quick resolution to the crisis.
When he took charge he wrote to all Stormont departments stating that while he can keep cash flowing to public services that is "not a substitute for a budget agreed by an Executive".
What that means is that he is not going to make policy decisions, so instead of political direction there is drift.
That is a particular issue for the health service, where some major policy decisions on acute hospitals, elective surgery and GP services need to be made.
With the talks deadline now pushed out until the end of June, Mr Sterling will be operating these emergency procedures for at least another two months.
While it means policy drift, it should not cause any immediate administrative problems.
On the day he took charge Mr Sterling also told all Stormont departments what their spending limits would be for the next four months.
That takes us until the end of July, well beyond the talks deadline.
The legislation says that if no budget is in place by the end of July, Mr Sterling will only have the right to spend an amount equivalent to 95% of the 2016 budget across the whole of the 2017 financial year.
So, at that point, he would have to tell departments to plan for in-year cuts of at least 5%.
However, officials think it is improbable that the emergency situation will continue for that length of time.
If there is no deal among the Stormont parties in June the expectation is that the Secretary of State will move to impose a budget.
Mr Brokenshire has already taken a small degree of financial control when it comes to rates, the property tax paid by households and businesses.
Rates bills are made up of two elements, one set by councils (the district rate) and one set by Stormont (the regional rate).
The councils have set their part, but the executive has not set the regional rate meaning that bills could not calculated.
The secretary of state has now decided that the regional rate will increase in line with inflation and will bring legislation to Westminster on Monday to allow that to happen.

Secretary of State James Brokenshire published indicative figures for a budget he would impose if the parties do not reach a deal.
The proposed 2.5% cut would represent a loss of £50m from the education budget.
One principal described the cut as "completely savage" and others warned that teachers would lose their jobs.
"This is really all the political parties, plus the secretary of state, holding our children and their future to ransom, so that a political deal can be struck to restore the executive," said Kevin Donaghy, principal of St Ronan's Primary School in Newry, County Down.
Secretary of State James Brokenshire said he had taken advice from senior civil servants and was attempting to reflect the priorities of the local parties.
His intention was to "give clarity" in the absence of an executive, he said.
Most of Stormont's £1.9bn education budget is spent on paying school staff and on services like school transport, maintenance and special educational needs.
Therefore principals, boards of governors - and the Education Authority - have limited wriggle room when it comes to saving money.
Many schools were already feeling the squeeze, and there is no guarantee that the restoration of the executive would provide more cash.
But with no local agreement imminent, schools are set to face additional cuts this year.
And one principal I spoke to accused the political parties of "fiddling while Rome burns".
However, two principals have said the cuts would mean teachers being put of work.
Deirdre Gillespie, principal of St Mary's Grammar School in Magherafelt, County Londonderry, said: "The only way that I can stand still, not balance my books but stand still, would be to make three teachers redundant and I simply can't afford to run a school with three less teachers.
"It will mean that I will have to reduce my curriculum even further, my class sizes would have to increase and that's impossible because I can't fit any more children into the classroom."
Marie Lindsay, principal of St Mary's College in Londonderry, also said the cut would mean "two and a half or three teachers" losing their jobs.
"I'm angry," she said. "I read that one of the decisions was to reflect political priorities.
"This means our young people are not worth investing in."
Ralph Magee, from Andrews Memorial Primary School in Comber, County Down, said schools were on an "unknown playing field".
"We need a collective voice here from all school leaders and, I would argue, the education authority as well in saying that schools cannot provide what you're expecting to provide at the moment if you plan for these cuts to come in over the next few years."
Stormont's finances have been under the control of a senior civil servant since the start of the financial year because the previous executive did not produce a budget.
Mr Brokenshire said the totals he has set out "would not constrain the future ability of an incoming executive to adjust its priorities during the course of the year".
His indicative budget includes £42m which has not yet been allocated to departments: If all that money was allocated to education it would eliminate most of the shortfall in the department's budget.
Northern Ireland has been without a devolved government since January, when the coalition collapsed over a botched energy scheme.
The late Martin McGuinness, of Sinn Féin, quit as deputy first minister in protest at the Democratic Unionist Party's handling of the Renewable Heat Incentive (RHI) scandal.
It led to a snap election to the Northern Ireland Assembly on 2 March, which saw a surge in Sinn Féin's vote.
Stormont's two largest parties have been unable to reach agreement to share power since that date, and were warned they face either a second assembly election or direct rule from Westminster.
However, Prime Minister Theresa May's decision to call a snap election to the House of Commons made a deal even more unlikely as parties switched to campaign mode.
In order to keep day-to-day services running in the absence of locally elected ministers, the Westminster government published emergency legislation last week - known as the Ministerial Appointments and Regional Rates Bill
The bill passed its accelerated passage through Westminster on Monday and is set to become law by the end of the week.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Rush-hour Tube commuters refused to get off a faulty train at Plaistow station despite announcements urging them to do so, causing a queue of trains.

"Delays on the District Line because some geniuses think staying on a broken down train will get them to work faster," passenger Joe C tweeted.
Transport for London (TfL) said such an incident was "not normally a problem".
Passengers at Seven Sisters also claimed they were "crushed" on Monday morning when the station was evacuated.
Read the latest on this story and more London news live here.
At 07:30 GMT, commuters were told to empty the train at Plaistow, in east London, because there was a fault with one of the driver's safety lights.
TfL said: "There were passengers who refused to get off."
They said passengers usually understood that if the train had to be taken out of service, they needed to get off so it could be fixed.
"We had a queue of trains behind that service," TfL added.
Further morning rush-hour disruption happened in north London at Seven Sisters station, which was evacuated because of overcrowding, impacting on the Victoria Line.
One passenger, Tasha Demi, tweeted: "Maddest journey into work today thanks to Seven Sisters station and the Victoria Line. People getting crushed on escalators and then evacuated."
Steve Griffiths, chief operating officer for London Underground, apologised for the disruption to the Victoria Line.
He added: "This was caused by a signal failure at Victoria station and has now been resolved by our technical staff."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The Central Line was closed between White City and Marble Arch following the midnight derailment at Holland Park.
The knock-on effects built up along the rest of the line and platforms became jam-packed.
Eventually Wanstead and South Woodford stations had to be closed as well.
The Rail Maritime and Transport union said four workers who suffered injuries including whiplash in the derailment were treated in hospital but were later released.
Problems for frustrated passengers increased when they tried to switch to other lines only to find trains there overcrowded too.
Vivan Jayant tweeted: "The ONE DAY I decide to take the @centralline...."
He said: "The pavement was completely packed and people were climbing over the barriers and jumping down to walk along the road."
Mr Jayant abandoned his journey at White City and took a bus after being unable to get onto the Circle Line at Wood Lane.
Central Line operations director Peter McNaught apologised to travellers and said: "This is due to the part-suspension of the line which was caused by a derailed engineering train during the night.
"Our engineers are working as quickly as possible to restore services on the line."
The Rail Accident Investigation Branch is looking into the derailment.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
Examples:
Provided: ['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.\n\nExamples:\n\'The pound has hit a fresh 31-year low against the dollar as markets remain edgy in the wake of the Brexit vote.\' == \'At one point it hit $1.3058 against the dollar, the lowest level since September 1985. Against the euro it fell to â‚¬1.1703, its lowest since 2013.\nAnalysts blamed a disappointing report on the UK services sector, and ongoing uncertainty about the effects of the UK\'s vote to leave the European Union.\nThere was caution on Wall Street as well, where shares closed lower.\nIn London, shares in property firms and asset managers dropped sharply after insurance giant Aviva become the second firm in two days to suspend trading in a UK property fund following the Brexit vote.\nAviva said the freeze would take place immediately due to "extraordinary market circumstances".\nOn Monday, Standard Life Investments suspended trading in its UK property fund.\nMark Priest from ETX Capital said: "Investors are getting very nervous now... the last time we saw this kind of action was in the financial crisis.\n"Fears about the investment industry are leaching into the forex markets today, with sterling seeing heavy selling again after a few days of relative calm after the Brexit vote collapse."\nThe FTSE 100 index was lower for most of the morning, but then gained ground after the Bank of England announced new measures to try to support the economy.\nThe Bank of England has eased special capital requirements for banks, potentially freeing up Â£150bn for lending.\nThe FTSE 100 closed 23.11 points, or 0.4%, higher at 6,545.37. The FTSE 250 - which contains more UK-focused companies - was also off its lows for the day, but still closed 382 points or 2.4% lower at 15,734.68.\nAmong property shares, housebuilder Persimmon fell 7.2% despite it reporting a rise in half-year revenues.\nThe company said it was "confident" about its prospects, and that it was too early to say how the UK\'s vote to leave the EU would affect the sector.\nBut the news from Standard Life Investments, followed by Aviva, cast a shadow across the entire property sector. Shares in Barratt Developments fell 9.8% while Berkeley Group closed 6.4% lower.\nStandard Life Investments said the number of investors asking to withdraw their money had increased following the EU referendum vote.\n"The suspension was requested to protect the interests of all investors in the fund," it said in a statement.\nThe Â£2.9bn fund invests in a mixture of commercial real estate in the UK, including office blocks, shopping centres and warehouses.\' != \'The FTSE 100 ended down 91.39 points, or 1.32%, at 6,818.04, with only a few stocks rising.\nIntercontinental Hotels was the biggest faller, dropping 6% after Morgan Stanley cut its rating on the stock to "underweight" from "equalweight".\nLloyds Banking Group was another company to suffer from a downgrade.\nIt fell 3% after Goldman Sachs downgraded the bank\'s shares to "sell" from "neutral".\nBanking stocks across Europe were also under pressure after shares in Germany\'s Deutsche Bank fell 7% to their lowest level since the 1980s. The bank\'s shares were hit following reports at the weekend that the German government had ruled out state aid for the company.\n"Since its peaks last October Deutsche Bank\'s share price has fallen over 60% reflecting increasing investor disquiet about its ability to deal with its problems at a time of negative rates, shrinking profitability, no dividend and the prospect of tighter capital rules," said Michael Hewson, chief market analyst at CMC Markets UK.\n"While one can understand the reticence of German politicians to bailout yet another bank, particularly in the lead up to an election next year, one has to question the wisdom of articulating that reluctance out loud when markets are already nervous about Deutsche Bank\'s capital position."\nSports Direct was down 6% as the fall out continues over the resignation of its chief executive last week and his replacement by founder and major shareholder Mike Ashley.\nOn the currency markets, the pound weakened on worries over the form that the UK\'s exit from the EU would take.\nAgainst the euro, sterling was trading down 0.3% at €1.1518, regaining a sliver of earlier losses that took it near to its lowest since the Brexit vote, while against the dollar it was up 0.16% at $1.2986.\'', 'Bedouin Arabs living in Israel have been protesting in the Negev Desert and towns and cities over government plans to resettle them.'] Match: ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Thousands joined what was termed a "day of rage" in the Negev itself, Haifa, Jerusalem, the West Bank and Gaza.\nThe Bedouin say the plan will force them out of their ancestral land.\nIsraeli officials say it aims to provide better services and infrastructure - and settle long-standing land disputes.\nPolice in the Negev used tear gas and water cannon against demonstrators, some of whom were throwing stones, reportedly injuring 15 officers.\nIsraeli newspaper Haaretz reports that 28 people were arrested during protests in Haifa and the Negev village of Hura.\nThe resettlement plan - which envisages Bedouin being re-housed in newly built state-planned towns - still has to pass two more readings in parliament.\nAn open letter backing the campaign against the legislation, and signed by celebrities including Peter Gabriel and Julie Christie, was published in a British newspaper on Friday.\nBefore the creation of the state of Israel in 1948, groups of Bedouin Arabs lived a semi-nomadic life in the Negev but in modern times many have settled in what are known as "unrecognised villages".\nBecause they have no formal planning status, they have no access to government services including supplies of electricity and running water. Some are no more than collections of flimsy shacks made from corrugated iron.\nHowever, the Bedouin and their supporters see the resettlement move as a smokescreen for a programme to cut the historic links between the Arab communities and their land, and to replace them with new Jewish settlements.\nIsraeli officials say the plan calls for the vast majority of Bedouin to live where they are, while allowing them to preserve their traditions in a modern state.'] Hard Negative: ['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The country\'s first prime minister, David Ben Gurion, said that without the Negev, Israel would be hardly a state and hardly Jewish.\nBut 60 years on, new Zionist groups fear the wilderness which makes up more than half Israel\'s territory could eventually have an Arab majority population.\nThey are calling for huge state investment in the Negev to persuade more Jews to move there from the country\'s overcrowded central belt.\n"If we don\'t work fast, we might find ourselves in a situation which is on the verge of catastrophe, with 80% of our land which is not disputed today," says Dany Gliksberg, a founder of Ayalim, an organisation which encourages students to live, and do voluntary social work, in the Negev, the south of Israel, and Galilee, its northern region.\nThe two areas, which together account for about 80% of Israel, have the country\'s highest proportion of non-Jewish citizens.\nIn Galilee, 56% are non-Jewish, mainly Arab. In the Negev, Bedouin Arabs make up a quarter of the population, but according to government statistics, they have the highest population growth rate in the world, doubling their numbers every 15 years.\nIn Israel\'s current election campaign, the future of the occupied West Bank, and domestic living standards, are two of the main issues. But Mr Gliksberg thinks more attention should be paid to what he regards as a ticking time bomb:\n"The Negev and the Galilee are one of the biggest missions we have today in Israel," he says. "If we lose 80% of our land, both on the social and economic side, and of course eventually on the demographic and political side, then I think we lose our right to exist as a country for the Jewish people."\nBen Gurion\'s dream was of five million Jews living and working in the Negev. But today they are still only about half a million, and the relative lack of jobs and services makes it hard to persuade more to move to the barren region.\nAyalim, which means "Gazelles", is one of a number of movements formed in recent years which aim to recapture what they see as the ideals and pioneering spirit of early Zionism.\nIt was founded in 2002 by Mr Gliksberg and four friends who had just finished their military service. They pooled their army discharge grants and bought a prefab which they put up on the edge of the desert in Ashalim, south of Beersheba.\nToday Ashalim is the site of one of the organisation\'s "student villages". Together they house 1,000 young people - though they have applications from six times that number. Much of the building work is done by students themselves.\n"To build with your own hands, to feel the brick, the sand, to build your own house, to plant your own tree, to pave your own path, this is something that will get you connected to the ground," says Ayalim worker Yakir Keren.\nOne of the places its volunteers work is a nearby Bedouin village, where they teach Arab children to grow plants in a school greenhouse.\n"The challenges we have today in the Negev are above the conflict," Mr Keren says. "To be a settler and a pioneer does not mean you have to segregate yourself. It starts from setting a personal example, so that others can follow you."\nBut land use in the Negev has become a serious cause of conflict between the government and many Bedouin, who say their families have wandered and farmed the desert for generations.\nIsrael has built towns specially for them, and is now building more - in full consultation, it says, with Bedouin representatives. But it says many Bedouin in other places are living illegally on state land.\nIsraeli government spokesman Mark Regev says the official policy - known as the Prawer Plan - of moving Bedouin to planned communities is specifically intended to ensure they get a better allocation of national resources than in the past:\n"One of the primary problems we\'ve had till now is that the Bedouin haven\'t had ownership of the land they\'re on, and through the Prawer Plan we want to bring a situation where the Bedouin sit on land that they are legal owners of, and this is a form of empowerment that, together with parallel policies of investing in education and healthcare and other aspects of Bedouin infrastructure, we hope will bring the Bedouin into the mainstream."\nBut in one particularly controversial case, Bedouin houses in the former village of al-Arakib have been repeatedly demolished by the authorities in the course of a protracted legal battle over ownership.\nAwad Abu Freih is among those who saw his family home destroyed. Professionally, he is an example of how Bedouin can succeed in Israeli society. With a PhD in chemistry, he lectures to mixed classes of Jewish and Arab students at a college in the Negev.\nBut he is deeply critical of state policy towards his people:\n"They push us into cities," to concentrate us," he says, standing on a pile of stones which is all that is left of the home where he grew up. "They want a lot of Bedouin on a very small amount of land, and a few Jews on a big amount of land."\nLike many Bedouin, he would like to have a farm. But he says Jews find it easier than Bedouin to acquire land for agriculture, because of the policy of encouraging Bedouin to live in towns.\n"Why can\'t Bedouin live with camels, when Jewish people can?" Mr Abu Freih asks. "It\'s our profession to milk camels. But now I drink camel milk from Jews."\nDany Gliksberg of Ayalim says a Jewish majority in the Negev is essential to preserve the democratic nature of the state. Otherwise, he says, "we will be a minority ruling a majority of non-Jews".\nHis organisation is getting increasing political backing from the government, with two visits from Prime Minister Binyamin Netanyahu in recent weeks.\nIsrael says its Arab and Jewish citizens have equal rights under the law. But Jewish civil rights activist Ofer Dagan, of the Negev Coexistence Forum, says that in practice land policy in the Negev gives Bedouin fewer opportunities than Jews:\n"The argument that we have to Judaise the Negev in order to ensure the existence of the Jewish democratic state is just simply not true. Because it may serve the purpose of making it a Jewish state. But it for sure won\'t be a democratic state.\n"The danger that is already happening is that Bedouin society is gradually losing its faith in the authorities of the state, and we are starting to see a few violent incidents between Bedouin people, who are most of the time very peaceful patient people, and the authorities of the state - and I think it\'s a great danger to the future of this area," he says.\nWatch Newsnight\'s Tim Whewell\'s report on BBC iPlayer. Newsnight is broadcast weekdays at 2230 GMT on BBC Two.']

Question: Kevin Nugent made it maximum points and seven goals from two League One games in caretaker-charge of Charlton, after the departure of manager Russell Slade, as his side thrashed Bristol Rovers at the Memorial Stadium.

The visitors took a 26th minute lead when winger Ademola Lookman let fly with his left foot from just outside the penalty area and saw his effort take a deflection before nestling in the top corner.
Charlton doubled their advantage on 43 minutes as striker Josh Magennis netted his second goal in four days, from close range, after Adam Chicksen had turned a far post cross from Lookman back across goal.
Five minutes after the interval, Patrick Bauer's downward header from a Lookman corner eluded Rovers goalkeeper Kelle Roos.
Chicksen made it 4-0 on 77 minutes with a right-footed shot from the edge of the area that took a slight deflection and Nicky Ajose completed the rout with a 30-yard strike five minutes from time.
An injury-time penalty from Matt Taylor, after Rory Gaffney was brought down, was little consolation for the hosts, who had centre-back Jake Clarke-Salter, on loan from Chelsea, stretchered off on 65 minutes with all three substitutes already used.
Karl Robinson, who has emerged as one of the favourites to take the vacant manager's job at Charlton, was in the crowd watching on as Nugent continued his winning start.
Report supplied by Press Association.
Corner,  Charlton Athletic. Conceded by Tom Lockyer.
Foul by Chris Lines (Bristol Rovers).
Josh Magennis (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Charlton Athletic. Conceded by Kelle Roos.
Attempt saved. Adam Chicksen (Charlton Athletic) left footed shot from a difficult angle on the left is saved in the top left corner.
Attempt missed. Ellis Harrison (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is too high.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Ellis Harrison replaces Stuart Sinclair.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 0, Charlton Athletic 3. Patrick Bauer (Charlton Athletic) header from very close range to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Ademola Lookman with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Charlton Athletic. Conceded by Peter Hartley.
Attempt blocked. Fredrik Ulvestad (Charlton Athletic) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Morgan Fox.
Second Half begins Bristol Rovers 0, Charlton Athletic 2.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Peter Hartley replaces Byron Moore.
Substitution, Bristol Rovers. Charlie Colkett replaces Cristian Montaño.
First Half ends, Bristol Rovers 0, Charlton Athletic 2.
Attempt missed. Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers) header from the right side of the six yard box misses to the right.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 0, Charlton Athletic 2. Josh Magennis (Charlton Athletic) right footed shot from very close range to the centre of the goal. Assisted by Adam Chicksen.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Patrick Bauer.
Attempt blocked. Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Dillon Phillips.
Attempt saved. Jake Clarke-Salter (Bristol Rovers) header from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Andrew Crofts.
Attempt blocked. Jake Clarke-Salter (Bristol Rovers) header from the centre of the box is blocked.
Corner,  Bristol Rovers. Conceded by Adam Chicksen.
Attempt blocked. Byron Moore (Bristol Rovers) right footed shot from the centre of the box is blocked.
Cristian Montaño (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Patrick Bauer (Charlton Athletic).
Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Patrick Bauer (Charlton Athletic).
Corner,  Charlton Athletic. Conceded by Tom Lockyer.
Attempt blocked. Josh Magennis (Charlton Athletic) right footed shot from a difficult angle on the right is blocked.
Foul by Matty Taylor (Bristol Rovers).
Jason Pearce (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt missed. Josh Magennis (Charlton Athletic) right footed shot from the centre of the box is high and wide to the right.
Foul by Chris Lines (Bristol Rovers).
Andrew Crofts (Charlton Athletic) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Goal!  Bristol Rovers 0, Charlton Athletic 1. Ademola Lookman (Charlton Athletic) left footed shot from outside the box to the top left corner. Assisted by Josh Magennis.
Jake Clarke-Salter (Bristol Rovers) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Nicky Ajose (Charlton Athletic).

The 22-year-old joined the Prenton Park side on a one-month loan deal in October.
The Ivorian scored twice in four appearances for the League Two strugglers, with both goals coming in the 2-2 draw with AFC Wimbledon.
The Spireites, who face Barnsley on Saturday, have failed to win any of their last seven league games.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: An Australian man has died while trekking back from Everest base camp in Nepal.

The man became ill at the 5,380m (17,600ft) camp on Thursday night before experiencing breathing difficulties while descending the next day, Australian media reported.
The father of two had not attempted to reach the summit and was travelling with local Sherpa guides.
Australian consular officials are aware of his death.
"We stand ready to offer consular assistance," a spokeswoman for Australia's Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade told the BBC.
The man was travelling with three other Australians, the Herald Sun newspaper reported.
Ten people died during the last spring climbing season in the Himalayas, according to The Himalayan Database.

Latest contact suggests that Nobukazu Kuriki, 33, has reached the South Col, where he will rest before a final push later on Saturday to reach the summit.
Mr Kuriki is the first person to attempt the climb since Nepal's devastating earthquake in April.
It will be his fifth try at reaching the summit in the past six years.
Mr Kuriki is expected to rest on the South Col for about seven to eight hours before attempting the final leg of the climb.
It is not uncommon for climbers to set out for the summit late at night to reach the top around dawn, Ang Tsering, the president of the Nepalese Mountaineering Association, told the BBC.
Tackling the final stretch overnight allows climbers to reach the summit and descend in daylight, and the lack of heating from the Sun can mean lower winds.
"We are very much hoping he will be successful and come back OK," Mr Tsering said.
Mr Kuriki, who arrived in Nepal more than a month ago to begin acclimatising, is so far the only person scheduled to climb Everest during the challenging autumn season.
He is following the same route used by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay when they became the first people to reach the summit in 1953.
Mr Kuriki prefers to climb in winter, alone and with minimal gear. "This is the purest form of climbing and it is worth the extra danger," he has said.
He has taken on Everest alone four times in the previous six years but has been forced to abandon the climb each time with the summit in view.
In 2012, he lost all of his fingers and one thumb after spending two days in a snow hole at 27,000 feet (8,230m) in temperatures lower than -20C.
His injuries present significant challenges in even the most basic climbing manoeuvres.
"I do feel nervous and afraid," he told Reuters shortly after arriving in Nepal.
"This is only natural before attempting the challenge of climbing Everest, particularly after the earthquake and at this time of year."
Nepal's lucrative climbing industry was destroyed by the 25 April earthquake which killed more than 9,000 people and the avalanches that followed.
If Mr Kuriki is successful, his climb may help to reinvigorate the ailing industry, correspondents say.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: Castleford highlighted their Super League title ambitions with a convincing seven-try victory over new-boys Leigh Centurions.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Leigh, in their first top-flight game since 2005, were blown away by four first-half scores and a Luke Gale penalty to trail 26-0 at the break.
Gale and Greg Minikin both picked up two tries apiece as the Tigers continued to exert their dominance.
Leigh rallied with three scores, but it came too late to challenge Cas.
Daryl Powell's Tigers are among the contenders in 2017 despite the loss of Denny Solomona, who scored 42 tries last season, in a high-profile defection to rugby union.
They showed they can cope without him with plenty of strike options - notably from Minikin, Jake Webster and Greg Eden.
The Centurions had dominated the second tier Championship over the past three seasons and were impressive in the Qualifiers with three wins against Super League opposition to book their top-flight place last term.
However, having survived a tight opening quarter, they could not live with Cas' movement, fluid handling and pace - particularly after Gale had crossed for the opening try.
Captain Gale kicked eight goals to add to his two tries, while there were debut scores for Jesse Sene-Lefao and boyhood fan Eden.
Leigh coach Neil Jukes will have been heartened by his side's refusal to give in on a tough introduction to Super League life, characterised by tries from former Tigers Ryan Hampshire and Danny Tickle as well as Matty Dawson.
Castleford head coach Daryl Powell told BBC Radio 5 live extra: "Once we got to grips with the game we were excellent, I was really happy with large parts of our attack and defence.
"It was always going to be a dangerous game, it was 0-0 for a while and it took a bit to break them down, the conditions are difficult. It's not summer rugby.
"We scored some smart tries, we looked dangerous and inventive and there were a lot of things to admire about our defence."
Leigh head coach Neil Jukes told BBC Radio 5 live extra: "We didn't get ourselves a chance to win the game, our kicking game was poor and three or four times we had seven tackle restarts, soft penalties with poor errors and some individual ones.
"If you defend your tryline as much as we did, certainly after 21 to 63 minutes, as good as you think your defence is, Cas are going to score points.
"Ultimately, we gave them too many opportunities. Across the board some individuals did some really good stuff and we did some poor stuff from 1-17. It's about getting the deficiencies out of us."
Castleford: Hardaker; Minikin, Webster, Shenton, Eden; Chase, Gale; Lynch, McShane, Springer, Sene-Lafao, McMeeken, Massey.
Interchanges: Millington, Roberts, Moors, Cook
Leigh: Hampshire; Higson, Crooks, Brown, Dawson; Ridyard, Drinkwater; Hock, Hood, Tickle, Paterson, Stewart, Hansen
Interchanges: Pelissier, Vea, Green, Weston

The 25-year-old, who has played 20 games for Rovers this term, dislocated his acromioclavicular (AC) joint in the 24-20 defeat by Leeds in July.
The injury comes as a blow for a Hull KR side looking to retain its Super League status though the Qualifiers.
Rovers, who finished second from bottom in Super League, host Batley in their Qualifiers opener on Sunday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: One of Europe's main contributions to the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) is built and ready to ship to the US.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

The Mid-Infrared Instrument (Miri) will gather key data as the $9bn (Â£5.5bn) observatory seeks to identify the first starlight in the Universe.
The results of testing conducted at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory in the UK have just been signed off, clearing Miri to travel to America.
James Webb - regarded as the successor to Hubble - is due to launch in 2018.
It will carry a 6.5m primary mirror (more than double the width of Hubble's main mirror), and a shield the size of a tennis court to guard its sensitive vision from the heat and strong light of our Sun.
The observatory has been tasked with tracking down the very first luminous objects in the cosmos - groupings of the first generation of stars to burst into life.
To do so, Webb will use its infrared detectors to look deeper into space than Hubble, and further back in time - to a period more than 13 billion years ago.
"The other instruments on James Webb will do massive surveys of the sky, looking for these very rare objects; they will find the candidates," explained Miri's UK principal investigator, Prof Gillian Wright.
"But Miri has a very special role because it will be the instrument that looks at these candidates to determine which of them is a true first light object.  Only Miri can give us that confirmation," she told BBC News.
JWST is a co-operative project between the US (Nasa), European (Esa) and Canadian (CSA) space agencies.
Europe is providing two of the telescope's four instruments and the Ariane rocket to put it in orbit.
Miri is arguably the most versatile of the four instruments, with a much wider range of detectable wavelengths than its peers (5-28 microns).
Fundamentally, it is a camera system that will produce pictures of the cosmos.
But it also carries a coronagraph to block the light from bright objects so it can see more easily nearby, dimmer targets - such as planets circling their stars. In addition, there is a spectrograph that will slice light into its component colours so scientists can discern something of the chemistry of far-flung phenomena.
Miri is a complex design, and will operate at minus 266C. This frigid state is required for the instrument's detectors to sample the faintest of infrared sources.  Everything must be done to ensure the telescope's own heat energy does not swamp the very signal it is pursuing.
The hardware for Miri has been developed by institutes and companies from across Europe and America.
The job of pulling every item together and assembling the finished system has had its scientific and engineering lead in the UK.
Miri has just gone through a rigorous mechanical and thermal test campaign at the Rutherford Appleton Laboratory (RAL) in Oxfordshire.
This included shaking the instrument to simulate the pounding it will receive during the ascent to orbit on the Ariane.
It was also put in a vacuum chamber and subjected to the kind of temperatures it will experience in space.
"It's been a real privilege to work on Miri and great to see it finally ship out," said Paul Eccleston, the engineer at RAL who has overseen the test campaign.
"It will be so exciting when we put it on top of the rocket and light the blue touch paper, so to speak, and watch it go up into space."
The paperwork signing off the test results has now been accepted by Nasa.
The next step is for Miri to be put in a special environment-controlled shipping box, so it can travel to the US space agency's Goddard centre. The Maryland facility is where the final integration of James Webb will take place.
Miri will be fixed inside a cage-like structure called the Integrated Science Instrument Module and positioned just behind the big mirror.
The years to 2018 promise yet more testing.
Recommended 16 years ago as the logical evolution beyond Hubble, the JWST has managed to garner a fair amount of controversy.
Technical difficulties and project mismanagement mean the observatory is now running years behind schedule and is billions of dollars over-budget.
Elements of the US Congress wanted to cancel the telescope last summer.  That did not happen, but Capitol Hill now has James Webb on a very short leash, with Nasa required to provide monthly updates on milestones met or missed.
Much of the talk around James Webb tends to centre on cost.  The current estimate for the US side is $8.8bn, which covers the full life cycle of the project from its inception to the end of initial operations.  Extra to that bill is some $650m for the European contributions like Miri and Ariane.
Dr Eric Smith is Nasa's deputy programme director for James Webb.  He believes taxpayers do appreciate the venture.
"When you're able to show people that James Webb will do things that not even Hubble can do - then they understand it," he told BBC News.
"People recognise how iconic Hubble has been, and how much it has affected their lives.
"The images and scientific results that Hubble has returned have permeated popular culture. Webb pictures will be just as sharp but because the telescope will be looking at a different part of the spectrum, it will show us things that are totally new."

The indoor terrain, about the size of a basketball court, will be used to test systems on the rover that Europe will send to the Red Planet in 2018.
ExoMars, as it is known, will be a six-wheeled robot tasked with finding signs of past or present life.
The UK division of Airbus Defence and Space will assemble the rover from parts built across member states of the European Space Agency (Esa).
But it has the specific role also of developing the vehicle's autonomous navigation system.
The great distance between Earth and Mars means the robot cannot be controlled in real time; commands take tens of minutes to cross the space between the planets.
Instead, ExoMars will be given a destination to reach, and its onboard cameras and computer will then work out the most appropriate route, avoiding large boulders and potential fissures in the ground.
The new "Mars yard" is being used to develop the necessary algorithms.
"We need to verify the performance, to check that the algorithms and the processes that we're using will actually work - will be fit for purpose to deal with the conditions and obstacles we expect to find on Mars," said Dr Ralph Cordey from Airbus.
The sand pit will play a critical role also in testing the rover's drive systems.
Like previous vehicles sent to the Red Planet, ExoMars will be based on a free-moving, rocker-bogie suspension that allows it to climb over small rocks.
This equipment will be provided by robotics experts at MacDonald Dettwiler and Associates in Canada (Canada is a co-operating member state of Esa).
Various prototypes already at Stevenage have been trying out the new "Marscape".
The lessons learned will be built into the eventual "flight" model - the actual vehicle that is sent to Mars.
This itself will never see the Mars yard. It will be assembled in a new "cleanroom" at the Airbus factory to ensure it is kept spotless, and free from any Earthly contamination that could confuse its instruments when they go hunting "biosignatures" on Mars.
Once Airbus has assembled the flight model, it will be sent to Thales Alenia Space in Turin, Italy, where its payload of scientific instruments will be added.
The key UK science contribution is the PanCam imaging system developed by a team under the leadership of Prof Andrew Coates at the Mullard Space Science Laboratory.
The current US rover, Curiosity, has wowed us with its pictures from Gale Crater. ExoMars hopes to do the same.
"Curiosity can see a lot, but PanCam will be able to see a much larger region in its field of view," Prof Coates explained.
"It can also zoom in and view sections in great detail with our high-resolution camera. With that we'll be able to narrow down where to drill to search for signs of life."
Precisely where on the Red Planet ExoMars will go has yet to be decided.
The project is holding its first landing-site selection meeting this week in Madrid, Spain, but it will be 2017 before a final choice is made.
Another outstanding matter is ExoMars' budget. Esa has capped the project at 1.2bn euros.  This sum covers both an atmospheric-research and telecommunications satellite as well as the rover itself.
Esa member states have yet to commit all of the money that will be needed, but the agency's science director, Alvaro Gimenez, said the gap - of roughly 165m euros - should be closed very soon.
"Yes, there is a gap.  It's less than 15%, but we need to close it, and the sooner the better, and we expect to do that before the end of the year," he predicted.
The Mars Yard was officially opened by Business Secretary Vince Cable. He said projects such as ExoMars fitted with the government's campaign to get more young people pursuing technical subjects at university.
"We are massively undersupplied in the UK with STEM graduates, and I think the excitement generated by space as an industry provides a lot of energy behind that campaign," he told reporters.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


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Question: Black Sabbath drummer Bill Ward has threatened to pull out of the band's reunion, unless he is presented with a "signable contract".

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

In a letter posted on his
          website
, the musician said he has been feeling "ostracised".
The 63-year-old added that he wants a contract that "reflects some dignity and respect toward me as an original member of the band."
In November, the group, led by Ozzy Osbourne, announced they would reunite.
They confirmed they would play the Download Festival in June, before embarking on a world tour.
But last month, guitarist Tony Iommi revealed he was receiving treatment for cancer after being diagnosed with lymphoma.
Ward said that due to Iommi's illness, it had been decided that the band would move production to the UK.
"I've tried to find out what's going on with the UK sessions, I've realised that I've been getting 'the cold shoulder' (and, I might add, not for the first time).
"Feeling somewhat ostracised, my guess is as of today, I will know nothing of what's happening unless I sign 'the unsignable contract'."
The drummer said he had been left feeling "lousy and lonely", but was refusing to sign the current contract because he stands to lose "my rights, dignity and respectability as a rock musician".
Ward acknowledged there was a possibility that he would be replaced over this and he asked fans not to hold him "responsible for the failure of an original Black Sabbath lineup as promoted".
The rest of the band have yet to comment on Ward's claims.
It is not the first time Ward has criticised Black Sabbath's management team.
In 2004, Osbourne's wife Sharon announced that Faith No More's Mike Bordin would replace the drummer on the Ozzfest tour.
However, the two parties eventually came to an agreement before the tour, and Ward did participate.

Iommi, a founder member of the Birmingham heavy metal band, has been diagnosed with the early stages of the disease.
In a statement on the 63-year-old's website, his fellow band members urged fans to send "positive vibes".
The band said they would move from Los Angeles to London to work with Iommi while he undergoes treatment.
"The Iron Man of Rock and Roll remains upbeat and determined to make a full recovery," Black Sabbath said.
The band had been working with producer Rick Rubin in LA on their first album with Ozzy Osbourne in 33 years, due for release in the autumn.
In November, Black Sabbath had announced the original line-up, including Osbourne, would reunite for a world tour.
Osbourne was axed from the four-piece in 1979 and replaced by Ronnie James Dio, who died of cancer in 2010.
The band, one of the most successful heavy rock acts of all time, have sold about 70m records worldwide.