Question: Theresa May has said the UK will not begin official negotiations on leaving the EU this year as she held talks with Germany's Chancellor Angela Merkel.

Speaking in Berlin, the PM said securing a "sensible and orderly departure" from the EU would take time.
But she insisted the UK would not "walk away" from Europe and wanted to retain the "closest economic links".
Mrs Merkel said the two sides desired to get the "best result for Britain" but urged more clarity on timing.
Earlier, a military guard of honour greeted Mrs May, who succeeded David Cameron a week ago.
At a joint press conference, Mrs May said the UK was in no rush to trigger the two-year process of leaving the EU - telling reporters that although "this would not please everyone" it was right to hold off until the UK's "objectives were clear".
The process of preparing the UK for Brexit would require "serious and detailed work" but, irrespective of this, she said the UK was determined to maintain strong trading, economic and security links with Germany, which she described as "a vital partner and special friend".
"Of course, the nature of our relationship is going to change as the UK leaves the EU, but we both want to maintain the closest possible economic relationship between our countries and I believe that is what German and British businesses want too," she said.
"So it's good that we start from such a strong foundation and a position where both our countries believe in liberal markets and free trade and these should be the principles that guide us in the discussions ahead."
Asked how they had got on at their first meeting, Mrs May said they were two women who want to "get on with the job and deliver the best possible results for the people of the UK and Germany".
Mrs Merkel said she did not expect there to be any formal negotiations at this stage and it was "understandable" the UK needed a period of time to prepare.
But she said there was a need for a "certain timeline" with regard to Britain's exit and hoped the UK would begin to "define its principles" with regard to the process of activating Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty, the official, legal mechanism for leaving.
"We have to listen to what Britain wants and find what the right answer is," she said. "Britain does not want an impasse, Germany does not want an impasse and the EU does not want an impasse".
The German chancellor said the two countries had "similar convictions and values" and she was determined to proceed in the "spirit of unity and friendship" that characterised Anglo-German relations.
BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg said it was hard to believe that it was the first time that the two women had properly met as they seemed immediately at ease in each other's company and determined to build a personal relationship based on mutual trust.
But she said it was clear that Germany would hold the "balance of power" in the negotiations to come and although Mrs Merkel did want to make the UK's departure work, the UK's "leverage had really faded" following the decision to leave.
A Downing Street source said the government was "encouraged" by the tone of the talks and the subsequent working dinner in the German chancellery.
"There was a free flowing conversation in the bilateral talks and the dinner," the source said. "The two established a personal connection and relationship and the 'communication channels are now open'.
It has emerged that the UK prime minister presented two books on the British outdoors to her German counterpart as a birthday present, reflecting their shared interest in hiking.
The gifts for Mrs Merkel, who turned 62 on Sunday, were a new edition of Coast To Coast With Wainwright - a pictorial guide to illustrate Alfred Wainwright's walking route between northern England's west and east coasts - and a copy of Great Mountain Days In Snowdonia, which includes a guide to walks in the National Park.
Mrs Merkel often holidays in the South Tyrol region of northern Italy, while Mrs May is reported to enjoy hiking holidays in the Alps.
Mrs May is due to have talks with France's Francois Hollande on Thursday. Ahead of the visits - Mrs May's first overseas trips as prime minister - Downing Street announced the UK was to relinquish its upcoming six-month presidency of the Council of the EU.
The UK had been scheduled to take up the presidency of the Council of the EU - which rotates on a six-monthly basis between the 28 EU countries, giving each the opportunity to shape the agenda - in the second half of 2017.
But Mrs May has decided that Britain should skip its turn in the light of the Brexit vote in June's referendum.
Mrs May told European Council President Donald Tusk - in her first conversation with him as PM - it was "the right thing to do given we will be very busy with negotiations to leave the EU", a Downing Street spokesman said.
While the German and French leaders have said the UK's vote to leave must be respected, both are facing re-election next year and under domestic political pressure to drive a hard bargain.
They have suggested no special exceptions can be made for Britain in terms of continued access to the EU's single market if, as Mrs May has insisted, the UK seeks controls on freedom of movement rules.
The first time that Mrs May will face all 27 other EU leaders at the same time will be at October's European Council meeting.

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Taoiseach Enda Kenny was one of the world leaders that Mrs May talked to in the hours after her appointment as the UK's new prime minister.
Mr Kenny said he congratulated his counterpart during a phonecall on Wednesday evening.
They talked about their "joint support" of the Northern Ireland peace process.
"We discussed the importance of continuing to work together to build on the excellent relationship that now exists between Ireland and Britain," he added.
Mrs May stressed her "commitment to delivering the will of the British people to leave the EU", a Downing Street spokesperson said.
She explained that time would be needed to "prepare for these negotiations" and said she hoped they could be "conducted in a constructive and positive spirit", the spokesperson added.
Mr Kenny said he "outlined Ireland's key areas of concern" over a future UK withdrawal from the EU and gave his perspective on "the challenges that lie ahead" in negotiations on the issue.
He added that he would meet Mrs May "in the coming weeks".
As well as speaking to Mr Kenny, Mrs May took calls from German Chancellor Angela Merkel and French President Francois Hollande.
She also began shaping her new cabinet, appointing Philip Hammond and Boris Johnson as chancellor and foreign secretary respectively.


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Question: Children across Britain linked up with Tim Peake on the International Space Station yesterday for a big question and answer session.

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3 February 2016 Last updated at 08:07 GMT
The British astronaut has been up there for six weeks, but took time out to speak to children and share some experiments.
Leah went to meet some of kids lucky enough to be able to talk direct to the astronaut...

26 January 2017 Last updated at 17:07 GMT
He will go to the International Space Station some time before 2024.
He did some pretty cool stuff on his last trip, including running a marathon but what do kids think he should do on his next trip?
Here's what they said.


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Question: A Florida woman has died after being shot by a homeowner while searching the neighbourhood for her lost dog.

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The victim, Rebecca Rawson, 65, was fatally injured after approaching the armed householder's home on Tuesday night, say sheriff's officials.
As her relative knocked on the door, Eugene Matthews, 83, emerged firing a handgun, according to the Manatee County Sheriff's Office.
Ms Rawson was taken to a local hospital, where she died.
Officials say that Ms Rawson and her daughter waited in their car as her brother-in-law knocked on Mr Matthew's door to ask if he had seen their dog.
Police say Mr Matthews opened his door and started shooting at the family.
As she sat in the car, Ms Rawson was struck by a bullet that went through the windscreen.
The Manatee County Sheriff's Office arrested and charged Mr Matthews with second-degree murder.
He is expected to appear in court later on Wednesday.

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Their vehicle was fired upon by another driver who thought the woman had not driven quickly enough through a stop sign, police said.
The grandmother drove away but the boy later died in hospital.
Police are hunting for a black Chevrolet Impala but gave few details of the man driving it.
The boy and his grandmother "were completely innocent" and had no relationship with Saturday's gunman, Little Rock Police tweeted.
"This is probably one of the most frustrating things you will encounter in your career when it involves children, particularly of kids that are [at] this age very innocent, they can do very little to protect themselves," said Chief Kenton Buckner.
The victim was struck at least once, police said. His grandmother was initially unaware he had been shot when she drove off, later calling police from a shopping centre.
The identity of the pair has not been released.
Last month, a two-year-old girl was killed in Little Rock when someone drove by and fired into her vehicle. The perpetrator is yet to be found.


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Question: A theme park has expressed worry for the welfare of its "beloved" animals if fracking is allowed at a nearby site.

Flamingo Land has written to North Yorkshire County Council about the application to extract shale gas near Kirby Misperton in Ryedale.
The park's letter said it had "concern for our beloved, and in many cases critically endangered, animal collection's welfare."
Third Energy said the letter seemed "to be based on a misconception".
More on this and other North Yorkshire stories
The company said the park may have misunderstood how water was to be re-used at the site.
It lies about a mile (1.6km) from the village where the theme park is based.
The theme park's letter said it "remained in favour of job and wealth creation" but it feared the application could lead to extra wells being created which would negatively affect tourism.
It also said it had health concerns for local residents and park visitors.
Flamingo Land declined to comment any further.
Rasik Valand, chief executive of Third Energy, said: "Flamingo Land can be reassured that Third Energy would do nothing that would cause any harm to that much-loved business."
Extra wells would depend on exploration being "consistently successful" and proof of the presence of gas in the region, he added.
A decision on the application is to be taken on 20 May, the county council has said.
The county council's decision was expected last November but was delayed after the authority requested more information from Third Energy.
Environmental permits have already been granted to Third Energy by the Environment Agency.
The authority previously said it had received more than 4,000 representations about the proposals.

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The designer rode on the tank in protest over the 27 licences which have been issued in the North and Midlands.
Dame Vivienne said: "The public will not take it lying down and will fight tooth and nail."
The tank, which was parked outside the PM's home, was accompanied by anti-fracking campaigners wearing masks.
The group included grandmothers and their grandchildren from Lancashire, which is affected by the latest round of fracking licences.
Fracking, an underground drilling process, involves water, chemicals and sand injected into rock at high pressure.
Dame Vivienne said the threat of "toxic, life threatening" chemicals had led to a "declaration of war on fracking".
According to the fashion designer, the chemicals used to extract shale gas from rocks can contaminate water and cause health problems.
The Department of Energy and Climate Change has said it will not allow hazardous operations when it comes to fracking.
It said any chemicals used were subject to assessment by the Environment Agency which will not permit their use if there is a risk to the environment or people's health.
Under the licences, fracking firms could run shale gas pipelines on private land without getting prior permission.
"Cameron plans to force householders to surrender their land and endure fracking underneath their homes. Britons no longer have any choice but to fight back", Dame Vivienne said.
The government has released a map showing 27 fracking licenses in areas in northern England and the Midlands.
It is not known if Mr Cameron or his family were at their home during the protest.


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Question: The group of British tourists playing water polo in the pool could shriek as loudly as they liked: there were virtually no other guests they'd disturb.

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The four-star Garden Resort Bergamot Hotel in Kemer, just outside Antalya, should be 70% full at this time of year. But just 25 of the 233 rooms are taken.
"We've had to reduce our staff from 80 to 50 and prices have dropped by a third," says Suha Sen, the owner.
"If it goes on like this next year, we may have to close."
Around the pool, the few guests soaking up the sun say they clinched bargains.
"We paid just over £500 (€630) for two of us for a week, an all-inclusive package," says Diane Roberts from North Wales. "Most of the cheap deals now are for Turkey - we didn't expect it, but people are too afraid to come here."
It is a picture repeated across Antalya and throughout the country: Turkish tourism is in crisis. A country that welcomed 37 million visitors in 2014 - then the sixth most popular tourist destination in the world - is expected to see a drop of at least 40% this year.
The main decline is the Russian market, the four-and-a-half million Russian tourists who were coming have fallen in number by around 95%. The trigger was Turkey shooting down a Russian military jet which violated Turkish airspace last November, sparking a diplomatic crisis between the two countries.
The Kremlin seethed, barring Russian tour companies from selling package deals to Turkey. President Vladimir Putin told Russians to holiday elsewhere.
The two strongmen leaders - Mr Putin and his Turkish counterpart Recep Tayyip Erdogan - are still at loggerheads, although Mr Erdogan did send a note to his counterpart this week to mark Russia's national day, in the hope of healing wounds.
What's more, a series of bombings across Turkey in the past year has scared off many others. Since violence resumed with the PKK Kurdish militants last summer, attacks by them and by the Islamic State group have occurred nationwide, some targeting tourists in Istanbul.
British and German visitors are down by a third.
Political instability, with a president who makes the headlines for lambasting the West, prosecuting critics and labelling birth control "treason", hasn't helped.
It's not just the 8% of the workforce directly employed in tourism that are affected but also those that depend on the custom from foreign visitors.
In the old town of Antalya, shopkeepers sit idly in front of their businesses in the hope of passing trade, which simply isn't coming. Bright bougainvillea is draped over stone shops selling carpets and leather bags. But the streets are quiet.
Istiklal Sevuk has run his jewellery shop for almost 30 years and says it's never been so bad. "Yes we have terror attacks in the main cities - but our biggest problem is our government and President Erdogan," he says.
"He doesn't follow peace with our neighbours and he's damaging the image of the country. We don't have a government anymore - we have one man who does everything. Erdogan is why we're in this mess."
Mr Erdogan has blamed the rebel Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK) for Turkey's current instability and rejected Western criticism of his policies.
In the once Russian-dominated area of Belek, businesses have been crushed. One tour operator, Pegas, used to bring 19 planes a day to Antalya, full of Russians. Now the company has had to ditch the fleet and fire 3,000 staff.
At the flashy Delphin Imperial hotel and private beach, where Russians used to flock, it's hard to hear a word of Russian spoken.
The place screams lavishness, from the design - modelled on New York's Chrysler Tower - to the giant crystal chandelier in the lobby to the neo-Baroque gold-plated furniture.
But wealthy Russians are staying away and it's less than 40% full.
Its director, Tolga Comertoglu, is also on the board of the Antalya Hotel Association. With dyed blonde hair and tight-fitting suits, he fits into the Delphin's eccentric style. And he says he's deeply worried about the empty beaches, which he scans from above in his private helicopter.
"My family has had 40 years in tourism and I've never seen it like this", he says. "We've hit rock bottom - I don't want to think what will happen if it gets worse."
And then what, I ask?
"It could mean the whole tourism sector could virtually end here," he says. "And that means minus $28bn."
Strolling through Antalya old town is an English couple from Blackpool, Mark and Claire Smith. The souvenir shopkeepers jump on them - but today they're not buying. "It's incredibly sad to see what's happening," she says. "Turkey is such a wonderful country but people aren't visiting. How can they survive?"
I ask whether they had concerns about booking here. "My husband plays golf with someone who said 'oh I wouldn't go to Turkey right now'. So he went off to Orlando instead. And look what happened there! We have to come - or the terrorists will just win."
On the quiet beaches of Antalya, the June sun has warmed the Mediterranean, the sand is soft and the mountains silhouetted in the distance give a picturesque backdrop.
But the tide of tourism has turned in Turkey - and with attacks continuing and an increasingly unpredictable president, there's little sign of improvement on the horizon.

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Many more found their lives were transformed forever by the natural disaster. Here, some share their stories.
Louis Cryer was 18 and in Sri Lanka with his mother Zoe and brother Felix
We were staying in an idyllic beach village called Unawatuna in Galle district. It took a matter of seconds for a wall of water of about 5ft (1.52m) in height to start coming in. It was a kind of surge which reached the first floor of our hotel.
Zoe Cryer, Louis' mother, Sri Lanka
Survival instincts totally kick in. I thought our balcony might collapse. My main worry was for my 13-year-old who wasn't such a strong swimmer.
We grabbed what we could and got out as quickly as possible. My youngest son, Felix, had been studying tsunamis in geography. He was the first one to realise what had happened. He saw the islands disappearing.
When we returned, all the buildings in front of the guest house had been pulled away. A crowd gathered around a woman who had collapsed. I'm qualified in first aid so went to help. We tried to give mouth to mouth, but she died. I'd never seen a dead body before.
Many tourists had the opportunity to fly out immediately but I felt strongly that we needed to make our peace with what had happened - with the country and with the people. We were supposed to travel to southern India but went home instead. I didn't think it was right to be there. It was a while before I could look at the sea and feel comfortable.
It flattened walls, trees, and the buildings around us, before rising higher and higher. We tried to get people out. Miraculously, guests who had been in the room underneath us started popping up from the water.
One woman was trapped in her locked room because she couldn't find her key. She said the room filled up quickly with water and she took what she thought would be her last breath. Luckily she found the key and opened the door which then burst into pieces under the pressure.
Buildings were collapsing around us. We tried to pull out passing people trapped in the currents.
When the water finally subsided we made a run for higher ground and a temple that had become a make-shift safe refugee area. We set up camp in a hotel up on a hill and when it was safe to do so, we went back down to salvage anything we could. I remember seeing rooms full of mud and fish.
People came up to the temple with dead bodies. We carried one Italian woman with a suspected broken back through the debris to another hotel to get medical help. I met one guy who had been out surfing and was swept a few miles up the coast. He had to walk through all the death and destruction to find his family. Luckily he found them all.
One of the only positives to come out of it all was the humanity of it. It didn't matter about your nationality or religion. Everyone was checking on each other.
A few days later, once the road was clear, the High Commission sent coaches to take us back to a refugee centre in Colombo. We were fed, watered, offered clothes and flights home but we chose not go straight away. We wanted to stay to try and comprehend the reality of what had happened.
The main thing we felt was guilt. After seeing the devastation, we were lucky enough leave, but many were left with nothing.
Once in the UK, I put on an exhibition of photos I'd taken, spoke about it at our school and raised Â£3500 to send back to the village.
I gained a new-found respect for the sea. I never realised its power. It hasn't put me off going in the water, but I'm a lot more aware of what it can do.
We were having breakfast at the hotel on a terrace, overlooking the pool, the beach and the Andaman Sea. My husband Tom noticed the waiters were all pointing at the sea which was receding rapidly. It was a fascinating sight. People got their cameras out and walked towards the dry seabed. The beach was full of sunbathing tourists.
Tom had an uncomfortable feeling though. He lived for two years on the beach in California and had never seen a sea behave like this. Then it clicked: the trembling he heard earlier was an earthquake. The receding water was the prelude to a tidal wave.
Tom grabbed my hand and screamed, "Run!". At that same moment, he saw a high wall of water come crashing over the reef towards us at a speed of 40-50mph. We ran uphill fast. The water was right behind us. The noise was deafening.
Tom looked behind and saw the beach and pool area were a boiling mass of water. Palm trees, beach chairs and parts of bungalows were twirling around and people were frantically trying to hold on to something. We kept going for higher ground, up the steep hill into the jungle beyond it. We waited for two hours, knowing only few people would have survived the onslaught below.
When the sea looked calm again we descended to the hotel, and found many badly wounded people. We helped to get them onto the back of trucks taking people to hospital.
Then we were warned another tsunami was on its way so we climbed up into the jungle again, where we waited three more hours.
We then came down to the road there were cars and trucks loaded with the wounded. No one knew what to do or where to go. We did not want to go down to the lower level and see all the corpses that littered the beach.
There was no electricity, no cell-phone network nor radio, so we spent the night at a small restaurant stand.
The next day the road was clear, and we could start the long trip home. The floor of the bus station was covered with wounded people, all waiting for the bus to Bangkok. People nearly cried at the opportunity to use our cell phone and reach their families to tell them they were alive.
The guilt was hard to bear. I will never forgive myself for not going to the hospital with the wounded but mainly for coming back unscratched.
Ten years on and we are still looking at life with a lot of more appreciation. We feel connected with Thailand so that is why we continue with a Thai animal charity.
My partner and I had won a snorkling trip at a raffle on Christmas Eve at our hotel, Phi Phi Charlie on Koh Phi Phi. That raffle saved our lives.
We had been snorkelling in the water when the Thai guides started to call everyone back onto the boats. The water had receded rapidly from the shoreline and nobody knew what was happening. We were lucky that we managed to get back onto the boat as the waves came in, and the boat swiftly repositioned itself some few hundred metres away from the coast. However, as strange currents began to develop and the waves started to impact upon the bay, we saw people being swept away.
Longtail boats that had been closer to the shoreline snapped and sank like twigs. We can't believe how lucky we were to get back onto the boat as we don't know what happened to the people we had been snorkelling with and who had been swept away.
We just thought some localised freak incident had taken place but 30 minutes later the boat guides had a phone call from friends who told them Phuket and Phi Phi Don had been hit badly by a tsunami.
It became clear that Koh Phi Phi, where we had been staying, was devastated by the waves. Our hotel was destroyed, and it was only recently we found out that over half the people staying there were killed. We stayed in open water for the rest of the day waiting for more advice about what to do.
It wasn't until late afternoon that the boat took us back to Koh Phi Phi Don. It was then that the tragedy became apparent.
We were sailing in a soup of debris from the island which included TVs, fridges, holiday books and worse. It was just awful. We could see that the island was devastated and the infrastructure was shattered.
One man on board had a mobile phone. We all took it in turns to try to call home. Eventually I got through to my brother-in-law. I have never heard anyone speak with such worry and relief. He told me that everyone was so worried and had feared the worst.
We all decided to stay on the boat that night, moored out at sea. The boat was too small to have taken us all the way to Phuket. The only option we had was to wait for help to arrive in the morning. It was the longest night of my life and were it not for the camaraderie of those passengers on board and the wonderful generosity of the Thai people who owned and manned the boat, it would have been unbearable.
As the sun rose, we took the boat in to the harbour once again and waited for the larger boats to arrive. It was just awful. From our position on the water we saw hundreds of people all desperate to get off the island. They were huddled together on the pier in the harbour.
We eventually got the ferry boat to Phuket that morning and after a long wait we boarded an army plane back to Bangkok and a flight home.
We had lost all of our possessions but didn't care, we were so grateful to be alive. It was such an awful situation and such a random tragedy. Why did we take that boat trip that day? What if we had overslept? Why should we be the ones to survive and not so many others like us who didn't. It is senseless and random and just so utterly sad.
Every 26 December since the tsunami my partner and I take a walk on a beach and reflect on that devastating day. We will remember those who died again this year.
Produced by Sherie Ryder and Helen Dafedjaiye


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Question: The actions of a Royal Navy submarine put the lives of the crew of a County Down trawler at risk, an accident investigation has found.

Fifteen miles off Ardglass, the Karen had its nets caught and was dragged backwards for 30 seconds last April.
It had four crew on board when it almost capsized and was only saved when its net snapped.
The Marine Accident Investigation Branch said it was due to the submarine command team's "insufficient planning".
They had also "failed to follow guidance on fishing vessel avoidance", it said.
The collision presented a significant risk to the submarine based at Faslane in Scotland, the report said.
The skipper of the Karen, Paul Murphy, said the Royal Navy had been playing "Russian roulette" in the Irish Sea that day.
He said any one of 61 trawlers in the area could have been involved.
He added he was "furious" at the delay in accepting responsibility for the accident.
He said if submarines could not come down the Irish Sea "safely dived then they'll have to come down on the surface".
The Royal Navy had shown "reluctance to fully engage" in the investigation and that had delayed the report.
It was five months before the Royal Navy confirmed one of its submarines had been involved and 10 months before it provided evidence to the inquiry.
The report found the submarine had concluded that the Karen was a merchant vessel and it could pass under it safely.
That was because it did not hear the sonar noise associated with trawling.
It did not know it had snagged the Karen until three hours later and so did not surface immediately to help.
The command team had "assessed that the majority of shipping contacts in the area were merchant vessels".
In fact, most were trawlers, something the inquiry said was "predictable" and should have been identified as a risk.
The report recommends the Royal Navy reviews training and procedures.
It said it should also provide reassurances to defence ministers and the fishing industry that lessons have been learned.
Steve Clinch, of the Marine Accident Investigation Branch, said the submarine should not have been going at the speed or depth that it was.
"There is no reason why she should have been doing what she was," he said.
"The navy need to look at that and make sure that their commanders adhere to the code."
A Royal Navy spokesperson said: "We have expressed our regret and remain sorry for the incident and delay in confirming our involvement.
"We've revised our procedures to reduce the risk that such an incident could happen again.
"We're reviewing the report's recommendations and continue to work closely with the maritime community to maximise safety."
Procedures to prevent such accidents were put in place after a similar incident off Scotland in 1990.
Then the four man crew of the trawler Antares died when their trawler sank.

A search was launched for the scalloper JMT after the father of one of its two crewmen raised the alarm when it failed to return to Plymouth on Thursday.
A sunken vessel, which coastguards believe to be the 11m (36ft) JMT, has been found 53m underwater, five miles north of the Eddystone Lighthouse.
The incident has been referred to the Marine Accident Investigation Branch to investigate.
On Friday, the body of one of the fishermen was recovered and the search for the second crew member was called off.


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Question: A man has been charged with causing death by dangerous driving after a 19-year-old woman was killed when a car crashed into parked vehicles.

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Bethany Fisher died because of the incident on Saturday in Victoria Terrace, Bedlington, Northumberland.
Jordan O'Donnell, 20, of Waverley Court in the town, will appear at South East Northumberland Magistrates' Court.
He is also charged with a number of other offences including causing serious injury by dangerous driving.
Additionally, he is accused of failing to stop at the scene of a collision and failing to report a collision.
Police said two other men arrested have been released and will face no further action.
One other female remains in hospital in a stable condition with serious injuries.
It is believed the two women and three men were all in the same car.

Homeowner Clive Hunter told the Bath Chronicle, his wife Jane was sitting "right next to the window" when the car crashed through "inches away".
The BMW 320 hit the house on Southlands, at the bottom of Lansdown Lane, just after 23:40 BST on Thursday.
The male driver of the car escaped serious injury and no-one in the house was hurt, police said.
The crash comes just months after a tipper truck crashed further up Lansdown Lane, leaving four people dead, including a four-year-old girl.


Question: Sam Billings' thrilling half-century led England to a 14-run win over Pakistan and a 1-0 lead in the three-match Twenty20 series.

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Billings, in the side for the rested Jos Buttler, blasted 53 from 25 balls to take the tourists to 160-5 in Dubai.
They had earlier been rescued from 19-3 by Eoin Morgan (45 not out) and debutant James Vince (41).
Pakistan slipped to 42-4 and 75-7 and only reached 146 as England leaked runs at the end of the innings.
England, who won the one-day series 3-1 after losing the Tests 2-0, have now won four successive T20 internationals.
Their build-up to the World T20 in India in March continues on Friday at the same ground.
Morgan explained the omission of Buttler and Joe Root was to give opportunities to others before the World T20.
The absence of Buttler, who struck a 46-ball hundred in the final one-day international, came as the biggest surprise, with the likes of Michael Vaughan and Kevin Pietersen tweeting their disapproval.
Still, the man who took the gloves in his place, Billings, provided the catalyst for England's victory.
When he arrived at the end of the 14th over, England were 95-4 and the game was in the balance. By the time he was run out off the last ball of the innings, he had blasted the tourists to a winning score.
Time and again he targeted the on side - all of his boundaries came off his legs. In one seven-ball spell, he took three fours and two sixes, including two outrageous and inventive back-to-back scoops off the 90mph Wahab Riaz that went for six and four.
His 24-ball half-century is the joint-second fastest by an England batsman in T20 internationals, after the 23-ball fifty of Ravi Bopara against Australia in 2014.
That Billings was able to play so destructively was thanks to the rebuilding work done by Morgan and T20 debutant Vince, batting at number three in place of Root.
When Morgan joined Vince in the fourth over, England had slumped to 19-3 after Jason Roy, Alex Hales and Moeen Ali all offered simple catches to the ring fielders.
As Morgan favoured accumulation mixed with the occasional big stroke, Vince looked to give himself room to play through the off side, while still being able to pick the pace of Imran Khan over the leg side for six.
A maiden half-century looked to be for the taking until Riaz's change of pace took the off stump. Vince swiped the ground in frustration, but he had laid the platform for England's victory.
Pakistan were set their sixth highest successful T20 chase, but three of their best five have come in 2015.
However, they were on the back foot immediately, with each of the top three - including 39-year-old debutant Rafatullah Mohmand - holing out on the leg side.
Sohaib Maqsood and Umar Akmal briefly flickered with a maximum apiece but a comical mix-up that had both men sprinting for the same end began a collapse of three wickets for one run.
Anwar Ali fought with twin sixes off the left-arm spin of Stephen Parry before he was caught in the covers to give Liam Plunkett a third wicket.
With the result seemingly assured, England, and Chris Jordan in particular, became slightly ragged. Ninth-wicket pair Riaz and Sohail Tanvir shared 43 at 10 an over, leaving 19 needed from the final six balls.
Reece Topley had Riaz caught down the ground and last man Imran Khan held behind off the final ball to finish with 3-24.
England batsman Sam Billings told BBC Sport: "It's a pleasure to put a performance in for a winning side. It was thoroughly enjoyable with the captain out there as well.
"We got told what the team would be yesterday. As a squad we have been well-drilled throughout this tour so anyone is ready to take a place and take an opportunity.
"There are areas that we can all work on. It's really exciting that we can still improve so hopefully throughout the series we can get better and better."
England captain Eoin Morgan: "Tonight was a really strong performance in which we showed a lot of character. To come back from 19-3 and then to defend 160 was really good. It's always a good sign of a changing room when players who haven't played all tour come out and perform - I'm really proud of them."
Pakistan captain Shahid Afridi: "We don't have any excuses for this. That was a chaseable total, but we batted very poorly. I know we lost this game but we've got some positive things from it."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Jason Roy hit 59 and Alex Hales 40, putting on 92 for the first wicket inside seven overs in Abu Dhabi.
Although the tourists faltered as they posted 174-6, the UAE managed only 95-9 in reply, with off-spinner Moeen Ali taking 4-11 and Chris Jordan 2-14.
The first T20 of the three-match series is in Dubai on Thursday at 16:00 GMT.
Eoin Morgan's side are building towards the World Twenty20 in India, which starts in March 2016.
Pakistan won the Test series 2-0 before England took the one-day series 3-1.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: James Guy reaches the men's 200m freestyle final by just a hundredth of a second.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

For instance, <<['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'A one year-old child was also in the car but only sustained minor injuries in the crash which occurred at about 19:00 GMT on Wednesday.\nDevon and Cornwall Police said the car collided with the back of a tractor on an A30 slip road near Redruth.\nThe woman, 31, died at the scene, while the baby was kept in Treslike Hospital overnight as a precaution.\nMore on the tractor crash, and other Devon and Cornwall news\nThe driver of the tractor - which was towing a loaded trailer at the time of the crash - was uninjured.\nThe road reopened several hours later.\nDevon and Cornwall Police are appealing for anyone who saw the incident to come forward.']>>  to <<['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.', 'A woman has died in a collision between a car and tractor on a slip road.']>>

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You can watch the full coverage of the event here.
Available for UK users only.
Inspired to take up swimming? Find out how with Get Inspired's handy guide.

Commonwealth Games gold medallist Davies was beaten by Hungary's Katinka Hosszu who took gold with Kylie Jaqueline Masse of Canada second.
Kathleen Dawson continued her progress, finishing in fifth place.
Adam Barrett set a British short course record of 49.21 sec qualifying fastest for the men's 100m Butterfly
Mark Szaranek missed out on a finals birth of the 100m butterfly as he ranked 16th after his semi-final swim but set a new personal best of 51.48 sec.


Question: Represent this!

Question: Developers sometimes under-assess the impact of wind farm noise and appearance on residents living nearby, according to new research.

The study looked at how the visual, shadow flicker and noise impacts predicted by developers at the planning stage compared to reality.
Climate change body ClimateXChange looked at 10 wind farms in Scotland.
It concluded that in some cases what was set out in planning applications did not match the actual impact.
The test sites included wind farms at Dalswinton in Dumfries and Galloway, Achany in the Highlands, Drone Hill in the Borders, Hadyard Hill in South Ayrshire, Little Raith in Fife and West Knock Farm in Aberdeenshire.
It also found that efforts to engage with the public had not always adequately prepared residents for the visual, shadow flicker and noise impacts of a development.
The information was gathered through a combination of residents' surveys and assessments by professional consultants.
Project manager Ragne Low said: "As the study has focused on issues relating to the planning process, we are confident that the findings will feed into improved practice in measuring the predicted impacts of proposed wind farms and in communicating this to decision-makers and those likely to be affected.
"The findings point to several possible improvements in planning guidance and good practice.
"Some have been implemented in the time between the case study wind farms being planned and built, and the present. The study will contribute to building on these improvements."
Linda Holt, spokeswoman for the campaign group Scotland Against Spin, welcomed the findings.
She said: "For too long, people who have complained about wind farms have been dismissed as nimbies and we applaud the energy minister Fergus Ewing for commissioning this work.
"The recommendations show that the planning system is ill-equipped to address potentially adverse impacts on wind farm neighbours and we urge the Scottish government to lose no time in implementing them.
"For too long, decision-makers on wind farms have been asked to determine applications while blind-folded about the true impacts of placing enormous industrial machines near people's homes."
A spokesman for Scottish Renewables said: "This study highlights the high standards of guidance available for those planning an onshore wind farm in Scotland, and we were pleased to see the sector has been putting these into practice.
"The industry has long worked with government and its agencies to put these high standards in place and this report demonstrates how much we have continuously improved, while identifying areas for further improvements for future schemes."
A Scottish government spokeswoman said: "We welcome the publication of the wind farm impacts study report which is the first of its kind in the world and presents the findings of a two-year study involving a wide-range of interest groups.
"The report shows improvements have already been made in our planning system, which is rigorous and ensures appropriate siting of wind farms, and studies like this will make sure this improvement continues, and we look forward to considering the recommendations carefully.
"Our policy on wind farm applications strikes a careful balance between maximising Scotland's huge green energy potential and protecting environmental interests and residential amenity."

The government was forced to publish the unredacted report after a decision by data watchdog the Information Commissioner's Office.
Defra said the report was incomplete and "not analytically robust".
It added that the conclusions of the draft report "amount to unsubstantiated conjecture".
United Kingdom Onshore Oil and Gas (UKOOG), the industry lobby for the UK onshore oil and gas industry, said the report was "in danger of extrapolating the experiences of other jurisdictions that have different regulation, planning regimes and geologies."
The internal document - called 'Shale Gas: Rural Economy Impacts' - had several key sections obscured when it was published by the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) last summer in response to a request under freedom of information laws.
Energy and climate campaigner Daisy Sands of Greenpeace, which led the request, said: "It's a complete vindication of Lancashire County Council's decision to reject Cuadrilla's bid to frack in their region, and provides other councils with compelling reasons to do the same."
Defra has now been forced by the Information Commissioner's Office to publish the document in full.
It reveals that potential negative impacts of the controversial process of fracking had been redacted.
Among the deleted sections were suggestions that house prices could fall by up to 7% in close proximity to shale gas exploration sites, while rental prices in the area could be pushed up by people coming to work on the developments.
Properties located up to five miles from the fracking operation could face additional insurance costs to cover losses in case of explosion on the site, the study suggested.
While the redacted version of the report flagged up the job opportunities created by fracking, the unredacted version also sounds a note of caution, warning it was less clear how sustainable shale gas investments would be and if rural communities would be able to take advantage of them.
"New York state has just made its fracking ban permanent," said Greenpeace's Ms Sands. "The only sensible course of action for the government is to declare a fracking moratorium and establish a truly independent inquiry to look at the wealth of available evidence about shale gas impacts."
According to the document, shale gas developments "may transform a previously pristine and quiet natural region, bringing increased industrialisation".
It adds: "As a result, rural community businesses that rely on clean air, land, water, and/or a tranquil environment may suffer losses from this change such as agriculture, tourism, organic farming, hunting, fishing and outdoor recreation."
The study also said that while domestic shale gas production could reduce emissions by replacing imports of liquefied natural gas (LNG), if that displaced gas was used elsewhere it would push up greenhouse gases globally.
Waste water from fracking operations could place a burden on existing treatment facilities, it added.
A Defra spokesman said: "We respect the independent decision of the Information Commissioner's Office and have today released this paper in full.
This report was written early last year - not long after the Prime Minister said the Government was going all out for shale.
It was finally published - heavily redacted - just weeks after the government invited new players to enter the UK's shale sector with the launch of the 14th onshore licensing round.
So the report wasn't exactly "on message" with the views coming from the Treasury or Number 10 at the time.
In August, Defra defended the redactions saying that the report was incomplete and contained potentially misleading information that might undermine the public debate.
We now know that around a third of the original report was cut out - much of this material throws a negative light on fracking.
And given our national obsession with house prices - that 7% figure is likely to be highlighted every time communities face a fracking development on their doorstep.
"This document was drawn up as a draft internal discussion paper - it is not analytically robust, has not been peer-reviewed and remains incomplete.
"It does not contain any new data or evidence and many of the conclusions amount to unsubstantiated conjecture which do not represent the views of officials or ministers."
UKOOG said that while the report indicates that house prices near shale gas sites may fall as a result of "negative perceptions", it says the "evidence…is quite thin and the results are not conclusive".
"The experience in the UK of homes near major oil and gas production sites does not show any negative impact," the lobby group said.
Ken Cronin, chief executive of UKOOG, said: "It is a shame that this report has become such a cause celebre as it is merely a review of literature and brings nothing new to the debate or any new information in a UK context."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Sir Ben Ainslie's Oracle Team USA sealed one of sport's greatest comebacks when they overhauled an 8-1 deficit to beat Team New Zealand in the America's Cup decider in San Francisco.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article
------
Examples:

"['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'It will be one of the main topics under discussion at a global conference of lawyers getting under way in Belfast this week.\nMore than 400 lawyers from around the world are taking part.\nThe Law Society and International Bar\'s Norville Connolly said Brexit was a huge issue for the profession.\n"All UK lawyers at the moment can either establish or go into Europe to provide legal services," Mr Connolly said.\n"Between England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland there are a huge amount of lawyers who conduct business and create jobs and all that follows from that.\n"If there\'s a hard Brexit, to use that expression, what will happen is that ability to travel abroad, to establish firms abroad, may well be lost.\n"That\'s the fear that the lawyers who practise in Europe, or practise in some country other than their own country, that\'s their huge fear .\n"So there\'s a lot riding on the hard Brexit v the soft Brexit."']" == "['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.', 'A hard Brexit could have drastic consequences for the legal profession in Northern Ireland, according to the International Bar Association.']"

The holders won eight straight races to triumph 9-8 after being docked two points for cheating in the build-up.
Oracle surged to victory by 44 seconds to retain the Cup they won in 2010.
The Kiwis won four of the first five races, making Oracle modify their boat and call Ainslie from the warm-up crew.
The British sailing legend, 36, a four-time Olympic champion, was drafted in as tactician in place of American veteran John Kostecki and was instrumental in the US outfit's resurgence.
"It's been one of the most amazing comebacks ever, I think, almost in any sport but certainly in sailing and to be a part of that is a huge privilege," said Ainslie.
Ainslie combined superbly with Oracle's Australian skipper James Spithill and strategist Tom Slingsby, another Australian who won Laser gold at London 2012, to drag the syndicate back from the brink in the most remarkable turnaround in the event's 162-year history.
"To be perfectly honest, we had a mountain to climb," Ainslie added. "We knew we had to sort ourselves out. We had to get the boat going faster. We did that.
"The designers did a great job and we had to start sailing better. We got the momentum going and we started believing in ourselves. When you do that, you can become quite strong. "
The New Zealanders, with impressive early pace upwind and slicker boat handling, opened up a seven-point lead (six to minus one) as Oracle's crew and equipment changes took effect.
Media playback is not supported on this device
But the US outfit, bankrolled by software billionaire Larry Ellison, were soon up to speed and won 10 of the next 12 races to lift the oldest trophy in international sport, known affectionately as the "Auld Mug".
The Kiwis, led by skipper Dean Barker, came within two minutes of glory in race 13 in uncharacteristic light winds before organisers abandoned the race because the 40-minute time limit had elapsed.
In the decider in fresh breeze and sunshine on San Francisco Bay, Team New Zealand edged a tight start and beat Oracle to the first mark. The Kiwis stayed clear around the second mark but lost the lead to the Americans early on the upwind leg.
After briefly retaking the advantage, the Kiwis then watched as Oracle stormed ahead with remarkable upwind pace and remained clear for a comfortable win.
I'm incredibly proud of our team and what they've achieved but I'm gutted we didn't get the last win we needed
"What a race," said Spithill, 34, after only the third winner-takes-all final in the event's history. "It had everything. Man, these guys just showed so much heart.
"On your own, you're nothing, but a team like this can make you look great. We were facing the barrel of a gun at 8-1 and the guys didn't even flinch. Thanks to San Francisco, this is one hell of a day."
Barker, 41, said: "It's obviously very hard to fathom. We went out there to give it our absolute best shot. We felt we didn't leave anything on the table. It's very hard to swallow. The gains they've made are phenomenal.
"I'm incredibly proud of our team and what they've achieved, but I'm gutted we didn't get the last win we needed to take the Cup back to New Zealand."
As winners, Oracle will decide on the format, venue and timing of the 35th America's Cup.
The US syndicate first won the Cup in 2010, when they beat holders Alinghi of Switzerland in a one-off match in huge multihulls following protracted legal wrangling.
Ellison and Oracle Team USA boss Russell Coutts, who won the Cup for New Zealand in 1995 and 2000 before defecting to Alinghi for 2003, devised a new concept for the 2013 competition.
They opted for revolutionary 72ft catamarans with rigid wing sails - and foiling daggerboards later pioneered by the Kiwis - which allowed the boats to reach startling speeds of more than 50mph.
Races were brought inshore to make it more accessible for fans, while cutting-edge TV production with on-screen graphics were introduced to make it more appealing for a new audience of TV viewers.
But the format was controversial and designs untested, with critics fearing for the safety of sailors.
Oracle capsized last year, but it was the death of British Olympian Andrew Simpson in a training accident in May that prompted wide-ranging safety measures, including upper wind-speed limits and personal breathing apparatus.
Critics also pointed to spiralling costs, with only three teams - Artemis Racing of Sweden, Emirates Team New Zealand and Luna Rossa Challenge of Italy - emerging to compete in the Louis Vuitton Cup challenger series for the right to take on Oracle.
Artemis were unable to mount a meaningful campaign after Simpson's death, as Team New Zealand outclassed Luna Rossa in a one-sided Louis Vuitton Cup final.
But despite Team New Zealand's early stranglehold and a number of races postponed because of unfavourable winds, the America's Cup showed that match-racing in giant catamarans can be hugely exciting and is likely to be the future of the event.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

E.g.:
['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.', 'Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said there needed to be improvements after a report criticised the way the NHS dealt with patient deaths in England.\nThe Care Quality Commision said current practices were inadequate and often caused more suffering to families.\nMr Hunt said rules would be published next year setting out how cases should be identified and looked into.\nThe CQC report said too often grieving relatives were shut out of investigations or left without clear answers.\nThe regulator looked at the approach taken across the NHS by both hospitals and community providers, but it placed a particular focus on those caring for people with mental health conditions and learning disabilities.\nIt came off the back of some high-profile cases of neglect, including the deaths of 33-year-old Richard Handley and 18-year-old Connor Sparrowhawk.\nConnor, who had a learning disability and epilepsy, died in 2013 while receiving care at an Oxfordshire treatment centre run by Southern Health NHS Trust.\nInitially, the trust classified Connor\'s death as a result of natural causes after he drowned in a bath.\nFollowing campaigns by his family, an independent investigation found his death was entirely preventable, there had been failures in his care and neglect had contributed to it.\nRichard Handley had lifelong problems with constipation, exacerbated by his Down\'s syndrome and medication.\nHe died in 2012, days after being admitted to Ipswich Hospital from a supported living unit run by the United Response charity. A review found Richard\'s health needs were overlooked, confirming his family\'s fears.\nNot all deaths would represent a medical failing or problem with the way the person had been supported during their life, said the CQC.\nBut Mr Hunt acknowledged there was an "inconsistency" in the way NHS trusts approached the issue of preventable deaths and learning from what had happened was "not prioritised" enough.\nHe said by publishing data on avoidable deaths from next April, patients and the public would be able to see which hospitals were learning from their mistakes.\nIn addition, Health Education England is to review its training of medical staff on dealing with patients and families after a tragedy.\nAnalysis: By Michael Buchanan, social affairs correspondent\nThe report says part of the problem lies in what type of death should be investigated.\nTerms like "preventable", "avoidable" and "unexpected" mean different things to different trusts.\nMany people who contributed to the review opposed calling a death either unexpected or avoidable as it lacked scientific clarity.\nThe CQC say improving the standard definition of each word, in discussion with families, should form part of the work to develop a national framework.\nSpeaking to the BBC, Connor Sparrowhawk\'s step-father, Richard Huggins, said: "We need to stop these things happening. It beggars belief to me that it is still so endemic."\nProf Dame Sue Bailey, chair of the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, added: "This landmark review reveals in stark detail what many in healthcare have suspected for a long time.\n"Put simply, we have consistently failed and continue to fail too many of the families of those who die whilst in our care.\n"This is not about blaming individuals, but about the health service learning the lessons from this report."\nStephen Dalton, chief executive of the NHS Confederation, said: "Both national and local bodies in the NHS are committed to working with families and their representatives to improve how it deals with investigations resulting from unexpected deaths.\n"In the aftermath of an unexpected death there are often complex legal and organisational responsibilities to address but the priority must be that all families are treated with nothing short of total respect and compassion."'] == ['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'NHS trusts will start revealing details of preventable deaths as part of shake-up in the way they investigate cases.']

Having won their opener before losing race two on Saturday, Ben Ainslie's Land Rover BAR were defeated by defending champions Oracle Team USA and Emirates Team New Zealand on Sunday.
A nosedive after gate three resulted a 39-second defeat for BAR against USA.
We very, very nearly sunk
And despite a penalty, New Zealand beat BAR by one minute and 28 seconds.
It looked promising for Ainslie's team when they led USA into the first gate, before skipper Jimmy Spithill's Oracle charged into the lead. A mistake after gate three cost the GB catamaran more time.
There followed another defeat, this time against New Zealand. The Kiwis were handed a two-boat-length penalty after the start having crossed the boundary, but they still managed a handsome win following a poor turn by BAR at gate two.
*Land Rover BAR started the qualifiers with two points and Oracle Team USA with one point after finishing first and second respectively in the 2015-16 America's Cup World Series.
**The top four teams progress to the next round
Land Rover BAR CEO Martin Whitmarsh, the former chief of McLaren's F1 team, said Ainslie's catamaran almost perished during the defeat by Japan on Saturday.
BAR's port hull careered into Japan's starboard hull prior to the race.
"We very, very nearly sunk," Land Rover BAR CEO Martin Whitmarsh told the Daily Telegraph. "It was foiled back so we didn't take too much water on. When we got back here and went down on the hull, very quickly it began filling with water.
"If we had left it in the water for a few more minutes it would have sunk. You've got all the electronics, everything.
"I could have climbed up through the hull yesterday, it was that big. We're talking about 20ft in terms of length."
Despite the extensive damage, BAR's shore team worked through the night to have the catamaran race-ready for Sunday.
It was a great Sunday for USA who won all three of their races. The French catamaran also recorded its first win, with victory over Sweden's Artemis.
New Zealand also added to their success over BAR by defeating Japan, who currently prop up the table.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Each team will race each other twice in the qualifiers, scoring one point per win, with the top four teams progressing to the challenger round.
Land Rover BAR started the qualifiers with two points and Oracle Team USA with one after finishing first and second respectively in the 2015-16 America's Cup World Series.
The top four challengers are split into two best-of-five semi-finals from 4 June, with the winners competing in the final for the right to take on holders Oracle Team USA - who are also taking part in the qualifiers - in the actual America's Cup matches.
The first to seven points wins the America's Cup, or the Auld Mug as the trophy is known, with a possible 13 races to be sailed on 17-18 and 24-27 June.
The America's Cup, the oldest competition in international sport, was first raced in 1851 around the Isle of Wight and has only been won by four nations.
Three races take place on Monday, with the British team involved in the opener against France. Racing runs from 18:00-19:30 BST.
Race 13 - Great Britain v France
Race 14 - Sweden v New Zealand
Race 15 - France v Japan
Link to full schedule


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A chronology of key events:

4th century - Migrants from the north settle, joining the indigenous San and Khoikhoi people.
Anti-Apartheid icon walks free after 25 years in prison to become a revered statesman
Obituary: Nelson Mandela
Nelson Mandela: Timeline
1480s - Portuguese navigator Bartholomeu Dias is the first European to travel round the southern tip of Africa.
1497 - Portuguese explorer Vasco da Gama lands on Natal coast.
1652 - Jan van Riebeeck, representing the Dutch East India Company, founds the Cape Colony at Table Bay.
1795 - British forces seize Cape Colony from the Netherlands. Territory is returned to the Dutch in 1803; ceded to the British in 1806.
1816-1826 - Shaka Zulu founds and expands the Zulu empire, creates a formidable fighting force.
1835-1840 - Boers leave Cape Colony in the 'Great Trek' and found the Orange Free State and the Transvaal.
1852 - British grant limited self-government to the Transvaal.
1856 - Natal separates from the Cape Colony.
Late 1850s - Boers proclaim the Transvaal a republic.
1860-1911 - Arrival of thousands of labourers and traders from India, forebears of the majority of South Africa's current Indian population.
1867 - Diamonds discovered at Kimberley.
1877 - Britain annexes the Transvaal.
1879 - British defeat the Zulus in Natal.
1880-81 - Boers rebel against the British, sparking the first Anglo-Boer War. Conflict ends with a negotiated peace. Transvaal is restored as a republic.
Mid 1880s - Gold is discovered in the Transvaal, triggering the gold rush.
1899 - British troops gather on the Transvaal border and ignore an ultimatum to disperse. The second Anglo-Boer War begins.
1902 - Treaty of Vereeniging ends the second Anglo-Boer War. The Transvaal and Orange Free State are made self-governing colonies of the British Empire.
1910 - Formation of Union of South Africa by former British colonies of the Cape and Natal, and the Boer republics of Transvaal, and Orange Free State.
1912 - Native National Congress founded, later renamed the African National Congress (ANC).
1913 - Land Act introduced to prevent blacks, except those living in Cape Province, from buying land outside reserves.
1914 - National Party founded.
1918 - Secret Broederbond (brotherhood) established to advance the Afrikaner cause.
Police killed protesters, sparking international outrage
South Africa marks 1960 massacre
1919 - South West Africa (Namibia) comes under South African administration.
1934 - The Union of South Africa parliament enacts the Status of the Union Act, which declares the country to be "a sovereign independent state". The move followed on from Britain's passing of the Statute of Westminster in 1931, which removed the last vestiges of British legal authority over South Africa.
1948 - Policy of apartheid (separateness) adopted when National Party (NP) takes power.
1950 - Population classified by race. Group Areas Act passed to segregate blacks and whites. Communist Party banned. ANC responds with campaign of civil disobedience, led by Nelson Mandela.
1960 - Seventy black demonstrators killed at Sharpeville. ANC banned.
1961 - South Africa declared a republic, leaves the Commonwealth. Mandela heads ANC's new military wing, which launches sabotage campaign.
1960s - International pressure against government begins, South Africa excluded from Olympic Games.
1964 - ANC leader Nelson Mandela sentenced to life imprisonment.
1966 September - Prime Minister Hendrik Verwoerd assassinated.
1970s - More than 3 million people forcibly resettled in black 'homelands'.
1976 - More than 600 killed in clashes between black protesters and security forces during uprising which starts in Soweto.
People rallied against the white government, which hit back violently
Why the Soweto protests erupted
How Soweto changed everything
1984-89 - Township revolt, state of emergency.
1989 - FW de Klerk replaces PW Botha as president, meets Mandela. Public facilities desegregated. Many ANC activists freed.
1990 - ANC unbanned, Mandela released after 27 years in prison. Namibia becomes independent.
1991 - Start of multi-party talks. De Klerk repeals remaining apartheid laws, international sanctions lifted. Major fighting between ANC and Zulu Inkatha movement.
1993 - Agreement on interim constitution.
1994 April - ANC wins first non-racial elections. Mandela becomes president, Government of National Unity formed, Commonwealth membership restored, remaining sanctions lifted. South Africa takes seat in UN General Assembly after 20-year absence.
1996 - Truth and Reconciliation Commission chaired by Archbishop Desmond Tutu begins hearings on human rights crimes committed by former government and liberation movements during apartheid era.
FW de Klerk, left, oversaw the end of apartheid and won the Nobel Peace Prize with his successor, Nelson Mandela, right
FW de Klerk: Overseer of transition
1990: De Klerk dismantles apartheid in South Africa
1996 - Parliament adopts new constitution. National Party withdraws from coalition, saying it is being ignored.
1998 - Truth and Reconciliation Commission report brands apartheid a crime against humanity and finds the ANC accountable for human rights abuses.
1999 - ANC wins general elections, Thabo Mbeki takes over as president.
2000 December - ANC prevails in local elections. Recently-formed Democratic Alliance captures nearly a quarter of the votes. The Inkatha Freedom Party wins 9%.
2001 April - 39 multi-national pharmaceutical companies halt a legal battle to stop South Africa importing generic Aids drugs. The decision is hailed as a victory for the world's poorest countries in their efforts to import cheaper drugs to combat the virus.
2001 May - An official panel considers allegations of corruption surrounding a 1999 arms deal involving British, French, German, Italian, Swedish and South African firms. In November the panel clears the government of unlawful conduct.
2001 September - Durban hosts UN race conference.
2001 December - High Court rules that pregnant women must be given Aids drugs to help prevent transmission of the virus to their babies.
2002 April - Court acquits Dr Wouter Basson - dubbed "Dr Death" - who ran apartheid-era germ warfare programme. Basson had faced charges of murder and conspiracy. ANC condemns verdict.
2002 July - Constitutional court orders government to provide key anti-Aids drug at all public hospitals. Government had argued drug was too costly.
2002 October - Bomb explosions in Soweto and a blast near Pretoria are thought to be the work of right-wing extremists. Separately, police charge 17 right-wingers with plotting against the state.
2003 May - Walter Sisulu, a key figure in the anti-apartheid struggle, dies aged 91. Thousands gather to pay their last respects.
2003 November - Government approves major programme to treat and tackle HIV/Aids. It envisages network of drug-distributon centres and preventative programmes. Cabinet had previously refused to provide anti-Aids medicine via public health system.
2004 April - Ruling ANC wins landslide election victory, gaining nearly 70% of votes. Thabo Mbeki begins a second term as president. Inkatha Freedom Party leader Mangosuthu Buthelezi is dropped from the cabinet.
2005 March - Investigators exhume the first bodies in a Truth and Reconciliation Commission investigation into the fates of hundreds of people who disappeared in the apartheid era.
2005 May - Geographical names committee recommends that the culture minister should approve a name change for the capital from Pretoria to Tshwane.
2005 June - President Mbeki sacks his deputy, Jacob Zuma, in the aftermath of a corruption case.
Mr Mandela's successor, Thabo Mbeki, was ousted in 2008 and succeeded by his rival, Jacob Zuma
Rise and fall of Thabo Mbeki
Why Mbeki had to go
2005 August - Around 100,000 gold miners strike over pay, bringing the industry to a standstill.
2006 May - Former deputy president Jacob Zuma is acquitted of rape charges by the High Court in Johannesburg. He is reinstated as deputy leader of the governing African National Congress.
2006 June - Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao visits and promises to limit clothing exports to help South Africa's ailing textile industry.
2006 September - Corruption charges against former deputy president Zuma are dismissed, boosting his bid for the presidency.
2006 December - South Africa becomes the first African country, and the fifth in the world, to allow same-sex unions.
2007 April - President Mbeki, often accused of turning a blind eye to crime, urges South Africans to join forces to bring rapists, drug dealers and corrupt officials to justice.
2007 May - Cape Town mayor Helen Zille is elected as new leader of the main opposition Democratic Alliance (DA).
2007 June - Hundreds of thousands of public-sector workers take part in the biggest strike since the end of apartheid. The strike lasts for four weeks and causes widespread disruption to schools, hospitals and public transport.
Political leader Mahatma Gandhi is revered in South Africa where he spent two decades fighting for  basic rights of Indians
BBC History: Gandhi
2007 December - Zuma is elected chairman of the ANC, placing him in a strong position to become the next president. Prosecutors bring new corruption charges against him.
2008 May - Wave of violence directed at foreigners hits townships across the country. Dozens of people die and thousands of Zimbabweans, Malawians and Mozambicans return home.
2008 September - A judge throws out a corruption case against ruling ANC party chief Jacob Zuma, opening the way for him to stand as the country's president in 2009.
President Mbeki resigns over allegations that he interfered in the corruption case against Mr Zuma. ANC deputy leader Kgalema Motlanthe is chosen by parliament as president.
New party launched
2008 December - A new political party is launched in Bloemfontein, in the first real challenge to the governing ANC. The Congress of the People - or Cope - is made up largely of defectors from the ANC and is headed by former defence minister Mosiuoa Lekota.
2009 January - Appeals court rules that state prosecutors can resurrect their corruption case against ANC leader Jacob Zuma, opening the way for Mr Zuma's trial to be resumed, just months before general election.
2009 April - Public prosecutors drop corruption case against Jacob Zuma.
ANC wins general election.
2009 May - Parliament elects Jacob Zuma as president.
Economy goes into recession for first time in 17 years.
2009 July - Township residents complaining about poor living conditions mount violent protests.
2010 June - South Africa hosts the World Cup football tournament.
2010 August - Civil servants stage nation-wide strike.
2011 May - Local elections, with opposition Democratic Alliance nearly doubling its share of the vote since the last poll.
President Zuma mediates in Libyan conflict.
2011 October - President Zuma sacks two ministers accused of corruption.
Opposition Democratic Alliance picks a black woman - Lindiwe Mazibuko - as its leader in parliament.
2011 November - The ANC suspends its controversial and influential youth leader, Julius Malema, for five years for bringing the party into disrepute.
The killing of 34 striking miners at the Marikana platinum mine shocked South Africa
Wake-up call for ANC
Leaders ignore lessons at their peril
National Assembly overwhelmingly approves information bill accused by critics of posing a threat to freedom of speech. The ANC says it is needed to safeguard national security.
2012 July - Member of white extremist group found guilty of plotting to kill Mandela and trying to overthrow government.
2012 August-October - Police open fire on workers at a platinum mine in Marikana, killing at least 34 people, and leaving at least 78 injured and arresting more than 200 others. Prosecutors drop murder charges in September against 270 miners after a public outcry, and the government sets up a judicial commission of inquiry in October.
2012 September - Former ANC youth leader Julius Malema is charged with money laundering over a government tender awarded to a company partly owned by his family trust. Mr Malema says the case is a politically motivated attempt to silence his campaign against President Zuma, in particular over the Marikana shootings.
2012 October - Platinum mine owner Amplats fires 12,000 striking miners as wave of wildcat strikes shows little sign of abating.
2012 December - President Zuma re-elected as leader of the ANC.
2013 October - Members of a white supremacist group accused of bombings in Johannesburg's Soweto township in 2002, and of plotting to murder Nelson Mandela, are found guilty and given long sentences.
2013 December - Nelson Mandela dies, aged 95. Tributes to "the father of the nation" flood in from throughout the world.
2013 March - The anti-corruption ombudsman heavily criticises President Zuma for a twenty million dollar upgrade to his private home.
2014 May - Ruling ANC party wins a majority in general elections.
2014 October - Paralympics athlete Oscar Pistorius - nicknamed the ''Blade Runner'' because of his prosthetic limbs - is sentenced to five years in jail for killing his girlfriend.
2015 February - President Zuma announces plans to limit farm sizes and ban foreign farmland-ownership in an attempt to redistribute land to black farmers - a longstanding ANC pledge.
Power utility Eskom rations electricity to prevent power cuts, blaming years of poor maintenance.
2015 March-April - A spate of anti-immigrant attacks leaves several people dead.
2015 June - Government receives unwelcome international attention over allegations of bribery to disgraced international footballing body Fifa to secure 2010 World Cup, and allowing Sudanese President Omar al-Bashir to visit despite International Criminal Court arrest warrant over genocide and war-crimes charges.

A selection of photos from across the African continent this week:


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Question: A security alert in east Belfast that caused rush-hour disruption has ended.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

It began on Wednesday morning after the discovery of a suspicious object on My Lady's Road, off the Ravenhill Road.
A controlled explosion was carried out, and police later said it was an "elaborate hoax".
The Ravenhill Road was cordoned off for several hours, causing long traffic tailbacks.

Police attended the scene on Friday night after a suspect object was left in the Hall Road area of the village.
The object appeared to be a gas cylinder with wires attached. The road was cordoned off at about 18:30 BST.
Army bomb experts examined the device before removing it for further examination. The area was re-opened at about 02:00 BST on Saturday morning.
People living in the area have said the alert caused considerable disruption.
Sinn FÃ©in councillor Roisin Mulgrew said the alert was a "massive inconvenience".


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Question: Two suspected World War Two shells have been found in a Hertfordshire garden.

The first device was found in Park Avenue, Potters Bar, at 16:00 GMT on Sunday. A controlled explosion took place at about 07:45 GMT on Monday.
A few hours later, police received reports of an "identical device" found in the same location as Sunday's shell.
An explosives ordnance disposal team is carrying out a controlled explosion on the second object, believed to be an 18lb (8kg) mortar shell.
The team will now be carrying out checks for further devices at the same location.
"Yesterday's device was moved to a nearby field before the disposal team conducted a controlled explosion early this morning in order to make it safe," a Hertfordshire Police spokesman said.
"Residents are warned that the same process is planned for the new shell."

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Police say road closures are in place at the Wingfield Road junctions with Brook Road and Bradford Road.
It follows the discovery in February of what is believed to have been phosphorus-containing incendiary devices from World War Two.
A 50m cordon is in place and local people have been advised to shut windows and doors.
Phosphorus grenades were issued to the Home Guard during World War Two.
The devices were used as improvised anti-tank weapons when Britain was facing possible invasion following the evacuation from Dunkirk.
In February, a cache of grenades were discovered in heavy clay soil at the site in Wingfield Road by builders.
The devices were destroyed in a controlled explosion.


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Question: Officials have opened a criminal inquiry into a fire that killed at least 36 people at a warehouse party in Oakland, California.

The premises had already been under investigation prior to the fire over possible building code violations.
The warehouse had no sprinklers and one ex-resident called it a "death trap".
Fire crews are still working at the scene and have warned that the number of fatalities is likely to rise.
It is thought between 50-100 people were inside the venue when the fire broke out late on Friday.
The blaze caused the roof to collapse on to the second floor, part of which then fell through to the ground floor. Its cause is not known.
"When we started this investigation, if you had told us that you would have 33 victims, we wouldn't have believed you," said Sgt Ray Kelly of Alameda County, before the death toll rose by another three. "I don't know how many people are left in there."
"People want answers. People want to know that the investigation into this fire is very thorough," Mr Kelly added.
The opening of a criminal investigation allows authorities to preserve evidence and see if there was any criminal responsibility, whether through arson or negligence.
On Monday, the city of Oakland began releasing the names of those killed, but withheld the name of the youngest, a 17-year-old.
Cash Askew, 22
David Clines, 35
Nick Gomez-Hall, 25
Sara Hoda, 30
Travis Hough, 35
Donna Kellogg, 32
Brandon Chase Wittenauer, 32
One survivor said people initially thought that the smoke was part of the show.
"I noticed the smoke and thought, 'Is that a fog machine?' Then people were running frantic," Chris Nechodom told SF Gate.
"I looked to the back and it was just from wall to wall, the ceiling was on fire.
Officials described the interior as like a maze, with the warehouse packed with furniture, mannequins and other objects, the only exit from the second floor a makeshift stairwell.
The building, known as the Ghost Ship, was used to house artists in improvised studios but several reports say people were illegally living there too.
Neighbours had complained to the city about rubbish piling up on the street outside, and about the illegal tenants.
"That place was just a death trap,'' former resident Shelley Mack told the Associated Press. "I didn't think it was going to last this long before it went up or somebody shut it down.''
Families of loved ones are now being asked to gather things like toothbrushes and combs to aid with DNA identification.
Media in Oakland named Derick Ion Almena as the co-operator of the collective with his partner, Micah Allison.
A Facebook post by him lamenting the loss of his belongings but saying he was "blessed that my children and Micah were at a hotel safe and sound" drew a barrage of criticism online.

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The officials gave safety permits to the Ozone Disco Club without carrying out checks, the court found.
They were sentenced to between six and 10 years, but will not go to jail until after appeals are heard. Two managers of the club also received jail terms.
The fire is one of the most deadly blazes ever to hit a night club.
Some campaigners for survivors of the fire expressed anger that the verdicts had taken so long.
Dante Jimenez told the AFP news agency some of the survivors had died in the time it had taken to hear the case.
"This reflects how rotten the justice system is," he said.
A court official told AFP that those convicted had 15 days to appeal, and added that she did not know where any of the nine were.
Those who died in the fire were mostly students celebrating the end of the academic year.
They could not escape the fire because emergency exits were blocked by other buildings.
Officials at the time described it as the deadliest fire in Philippine history.
The Philippines has poor safety standards and large fires are relatively common - particularly in slum areas.
1942: Cocoanut Grove, Boston, US - 492 killed
2000: Luoyang dance hall fire, China - fire blamed on welders kills 309
2013: Kiss club in Santa Maria, Brazil, kills 233
2004: Cromagnon Republic Club, Buenos Aires, Argentina, kills 194
1977: Beverly Hills Supper Club, Southgate, Kentucky, 165 killed


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Question: The Vatican has indicated for the first time that it might eventually need to consider limiting the number of visitors to the Sistine Chapel, 500 years after its completion.

Michelangelo's famous frescoes have been described as one of the world's supreme sights.
In scene after scene, some of the Old Testament's most powerful stories unfold.
And at the centre of this vast work is one of the best known images in Western art; the depiction of God reaching out to touch Adam into life.
But for some, the room has become a victim of its own fame and magnificence. They say it just attracts far too many tourists.
Twenty-thousand visitors pour through the Chapel's doors every day; more than five million a year.
And the Italian literary critic, Pietro Citati, recently launched a searing attack on the Vatican authorities for allowing in such huge numbers.
BBC History: The life of Michelangelo
BBC Religion and Ethics: The Catholic Church
Writing in the pages of Corriere della Sera newspaper he went as far as to describe the crowding on an average visit as an "unimaginable disaster".
"In the universal confusion no-one saw anything," he wrote.
And speaking to the BBC he reinforced his criticism.
"The Sistine Chapel was full of people - a huge crowd, packed tightly together... and they were all breathing! There was this dense 'human-ness'! Human sweat. It was horrendous."
Mr Citati said that this endless, rising, humid "wall of human breath" could be damaging for the priceless frescoes above.
Responding to this kind of criticism, the director of the Vatican Museums, Antonio Paolucci, acknowledged that there was a "serious problem".
He said that the whole doctrine of the Catholic Church was set out in the images in the Sistine Chapel, and that he wanted everyone who visited to be able to appreciate that symbolic system.
But Mr Paolucci accepted that that was not easy to do when the room is packed.
"It becomes noisy, people are confused, bewildered - it's hard to understand." he said. "Too many people make it uncomfortable... and it also creates a problem for the conservation of the frescoes."
Mr Paolucci said plans to improve the ventilation and counter the threat from humidity in the Chapel would be unveiled soon.
But he also said that, ultimately, steps might have to be taken to restrict the numbers allowed in.
"We may get to that point - if necessary - a so-called 'limited number' of visitors," Mr Paolucci said.
"But so far we've tried to avoid this because the Sistine Chapel for those who visit the Vatican is not only a place of art but also a spiritual, religious place."
There is an argument that it should be made as easy as possible for any pilgrim coming to Rome to see this room that has such a significant place in the Catholic world.
And just a matter of weeks ago, in a newspaper article, Mr Paolucci said it would be as "unthinkable" to limit access to the Sistine Chapel as it would be to limit access to the famous shrine at Lourdes.
But the critic, Mr Citati takes a darker view, arguing that it is all about money.
The Church makes a significant amount out of visitors to the Chapel and the other delights of the Vatican Museums.
Everybody in the long queues in St Peter's Square is paying more than 15 euros (Â£12.50) for a ticket.
But it is possible though to avoid the masses if you can spare close to 220 euros for a private tour. Each involves about 10 people who are allowed into the Chapel outside the standard opening hours.
Mr Citati is not the first person to take issue with the number of visitors being allowed into the Chapel.
Writing shortly before his recent death, the art critic Robert Hughes recalled reading of the German writer, Goethe, visiting the Chapel 200 years ago.
Back then the Sistine was "a place where one could be alone, or nearly so, with the products of genius," Hughes wrote.
"The very idea seems absurd, today; a fantasy. Mass tourism has turned what was a contemplative pleasure for Goethe's contemporaries into an ordeal more like a degrading rugby scrum."
He said that painting was a silent art, that deserved silence from those who came to view it.
But these days the Sistine Chapel is filled with the sound of its murmuring mass of visitors.
And it is hard to ignore the conversations around you.
"Can you imagine someone painting this... with a brush!" an American tourist exclaimed to his companions on a recent visit.
Then they discussed what Michelangelo would have been paid. And soon afterwards they were laughing out loud, thoroughly enjoying themselves but prompting an angry security man to come stalking over, glaring at them, and "shushing".
It was the sort of exchange that drains the place of the spiritual intensity that Michelangelo wanted to give it.
Robert Hughes said the modern atmosphere in the Sistine represented "a kind of living death for high culture" at the hands of mass culture.
And with its talk now of the possibility of eventually limiting numbers, perhaps the Vatican is beginning to feel the same way.
Listen to the BBC Radio 3 series marking the 500th anniversary of the Sistine Chapel ceiling.

The Quotidiano newspaper said the Pope had travelled by helicopter to Tuscany to see a world-renowned Japanese brain surgeon.
The Pope was diagnosed with a small, dark spot but did not need surgery, the paper said.
A Vatican spokesman said the report was totally unfounded.
"As everyone can see, the Pope is carrying out his extremely intense activities in an absolutely normal manner," Father Federico Lombardi said.
Quotidiano insisted that its story was true, maintaining that the Pope had visited Prof Takanori Fukushima some months ago at the San Rossore clinic in the Barbaricina area of Pisa.
It quoted an unnamed employee at the clinic saying such a small tumour could be treated and did not need any kind of surgical intervention.
The paper's editor, Andrea Cangini, said the denial was understandable and had been expected.
A defining moment - Synod on Family could become a landmark moment in papacy
Challenge to Pope - "gay lobby" talk fills the Vatican
The timing of the report is seen as awkward for the Vatican, as 279 bishops from around the world approach the end of their three-week Synod on the Family.
The meeting, which ends on Saturday, is considered one of the key tests of Pope Francis's papacy as it has wrestled with the Church's attitude towards same-sex unions, contraception and its refusal to allow divorced and remarried Catholics to take Communion.
Earlier this year, Pope Francis, 78, indicated his papacy may last only a few years, and that he might retire like his predecessor Benedict XVI, who stepped down as pontiff in 2013.
The Pope appeared before thousands of people in St Peter's Square as normal on Wednesday, and was due to return to the Synod later in the day.


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Question: A main road in Powys has reopened following a two-car crash.

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The A44 was closed in both directions following the incident on Thursday morning near Nantmel, with recovery work taking place throughout the day.
The road between Gravel Road, A470 North Street and B4518 West Street (Rhayader) was affected.
It has since been fully reopened.

The emergency services were called to the incident on the junction of Water Street and Bridge Street at about 15:20 GMT.
It involved an articulated heavy goods vehicle, two cars and a pedestrian in her 60s, who died at the scene.
The road was closed for several hours.


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Question: A County Down man has said his home will be ringed by wind turbines if a council approves all the applications it has before it.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Bert Spiers, from Ballyhalbert, will have three in a field behind his house and two others to the side and front if the applications are all passed.
He has told Ards and North Down Borough Council of his opposition due to noise.
The renewable energy industry has said there is a "robust and rigorous" planning process.
It added that that process should take account of people's concerns.
About 1,500 individual turbines have been applied for across Northern Ireland in the last three years.
And there has been a rush of applications this year since an announcement that a subsidy scheme was to close.
Mr Spiers lives close to a former RAF airfield at Ballyhalbert.
There is an existing turbine on it that he said is less than 300m from his home. Two others are now proposed in the same field.
A windfarm is any development consisting of more than two turbines.
But because each of the proposed new turbines has its own separate application it is not considered a windfarm by planners.
That means a rule that says a wind farm should generally be 500m from the nearest home does not apply.
Mr Spiers said the three in the field behind him would be well within the 500m range and the two others just outside it.
Noise from the existing turbine already impacts his quality of life, he said.
"There's just a grinding, grating noise, and you can't even open the windows at the back of your house because if it's pointing this direction all you get is just a pulse [of noise]," he said.
He is part of a group that is opposing nine separate turbine applications within a one-and-a-half sq mile area near Ballyhalbert.
Wind turbines are not cheap. Even a second-hand one can cost up to Â£300,000 to buy, install and connect.
The Northern Ireland Renewables Industry Group said turbines are helping Northern Ireland move towards its target of 40% electricity from renewable sources by 2020.
Spokeswoman Meabh Cormacain said people had legitimate concerns.
"There's a robust and rigorous planning application process in place, whether it is a single turbine or a large scale wind farm," she said.
"The planning system does take into account the cumulative impacts whether that be from noise, or any other issues."
She added that council environmental health officers could help deal with any problems people might have.

They have lodged an appeal with the Planning Appeals Commission.
The Earl of Shaftesbury, who owns the bed of the lough, has joined the sand companies in appealing the enforcement notice.
In May, Environment Minister Mark H Durkan told them to stop until they had submitted a planning application.
The deadline for the companies to comply with the ministerial order had been due to run out on Tuesday.
Under the legislation, the appeal means they can continue to extract sand pending the outcome of the case, or its withdrawal.
It is estimated that about 1.7m tonnes of sand are being extracted from the bed of the lough every year.
It supplies about a quarter of Northern Ireland's construction needs annually.
Environmentalists have complained that it is taking place without planning permission in an internationally recognised bird habitat with EU protection.
Mr Durkan has declined to comment.
His department said there would be no statement as the case was a "live enforcement issue".


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Question: Bangor University is ready to host a new medical school in north Wales, one of its top medics has said.

Professor Dean Williams, head of the School of Medical Sciences, said "relatively few extra academic staff would be needed" to establish a doctor training facility in the city.
The Welsh Government will make an announcement on medical training in north Wales in "the coming weeks".
It comes as moves are made to tackle a shortage of doctors in Wales.
In the report, Prof Williams said Wales must expand medical schools to deal with future shortages of doctors, particularly GPs.
He believes an extra 120 medical student training places are needed and a rural campus in north Wales would cater for the area's needs better than building on existing training structures in Wales.
"Selection is key to recruiting GPs for rural areas," he said.
"Bangor University is in an ideal position to foster and recruit students from rural Wales and Welsh-speaking communities.
"Evidence from school pupils suggests that they would be attracted to a medical school in the region."
Prof Williams also believes clinical teachers and research scientists already working in north Wales could provide the training.
The report was commissioned by Plaid Cymru and Arfon AM Sian Gwenllian, who urged the government to act.
She said: "We face a crisis in Wales from a medical perspective, and the idea of a new medical school goes some of the way towards dealing with that crisis."
The Welsh Conservatives said a medical school must be sustainable, while the Liberal Democrats said that the problem of recruitment needs to be addressed.
UKIP did not respond to a request for a comment.
A Welsh Government spokesman said: "We are already looking at the provision of medical education and training in North Wales, including the case for a new medical school.
"We expect to be in a position to announce our decision in the coming weeks."
The university is ready to work with the government to establish a medical school if it is its intention, a spokesman said.
However, he added it is essential it is sustainable "in terms of resources, staffing and finance".

The location of the new Cardiff Metropolitan University campus has yet to be decided, but could include a new TV centre and attract 2,000 students.
It is the first venture of its kind with a private firm - Phoenix Education - and a Welsh university.
A memorandum of understanding is due to be signed in Cardiff on Monday.
It is understood the plan has been endorsed by Cardiff council. Its cost and timescale is not yet known.