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Question: People who cycle, walk or catch the train or bus to work keep more weight off than commuters who travel by car, a large UK study has found.

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The results come from 150,000 UK adults aged 40 or older who agreed to be measured and weighed and fill in a survey about their typical journey to and from work.
Cycling came out as the best activity for staying trim, followed by walking.
But even those who used public transport were leaner than car users.
The authors of the Lancet Diabetes and Endocrinology study say the findings show even a little physical activity is better than nothing at all.
They reached their conclusions by comparing the bodyweights and lifestyles of the 72,999 men and 83,667 women in their study.
Even when they factored in differences such as leisure-time, exercise, diet and occupation, the trend between commute method and bodyweight remained.
And for both cycling and walking, greater travelling distances were associated with greater reductions in percentage body fat.
By their calculations, an "average" height man would weigh around 5kg (11lbs) less if he were to cycle rather than drive to work each day.
Likewise, the average height woman would weigh 4.4kg (9.7lbs) less.
iWonder: What's the easy way to get healthier?
In the study, 64% of men and 61% of women commuted by car, while 4% of men and 2% of women reported cycling or doing a mix of cycling and walking.
In England and Wales, 23.7 million people regularly commute to work and around two-thirds do so by car, according to census data.
Study author Dr Ellen Flint, from the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: "We know that physical activity can help prevent obesity - absolutely we do - and yet, two thirds of the UK population don't achieve weekly recommended levels of physical activity.
"This study shows basically that people who do manage to build some level of physical exertion into their commute, even if it's just walking to a bus stop or cycling a short distance, they tend to be less heavy and have less body fat than people who drive all the way to work."
She said it was important that policy makers and town planners make it easy for people to walk and cycle to work.
"It's a win, win really for public health and the environment," she said.
Justin Varney, deputy director of Health and Wellbeing at Public Health England, said: "Physical activity can play a role in maintaining a healthy weight, and helps to prevent or manage over 20 long-term conditions such as coronary heart disease, diabetes and some cancers.
"Walking and cycling are some of the easiest ways for people to incorporate physical activity into their daily lives and it is never too late to start."

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As traffic thundered around them, members of the Environmental Audit Committee (EAC) were being fitted with air pollution monitors.
At the flick of a switch, tubes attached to collars and lapels began to suck in the same air as the MPs, in tests that recorded their exposure to air pollution in Westminster and their constituencies.
Matthew Offord, member for Hendon, feared his suspicions about fumes from a high number of strategic roads in his constituency might be confirmed. The MP for Southampton Test, Alan Whitehead, was concerned that children might receive higher pollution doses than adults.
Mike Kane, member for Wythenshawe and Sale East, was keen to pinpoint local sources of pollution, explaining that "9% of my neighbours die early because of air pollution".
Stark mortality figures like these have convinced the EAC members to launch an investigation into the slow progress being made in improving air quality in the UK. The tests will feed into the investigation, with a report due to be published later this year.
Recent figures from Public Health England, the government health advisers, estimated that 29,000 deaths every year in the UK can be attributed to air pollution. Committee chair Joan Walley believes this is "a huge issue that is not being addressed".
"What we are dealing with now is invisible, therefore it is not high up in people's perceptions."
The investigation was carried out with the help of Benjamin Barratt, a lecturer in air quality science at King's College, London. To raise the profile of the issue and "show people pollution", he wants many more communities to have the chance to use his monitors.
The monitors measure the intake of black carbon, a product of combustion in vehicle engines, and combine it with data from a GPS watch that tracks the user's movements. Once he has analysed the figures, Dr Barratt produces a simple graph. A user can "relate the results so closely to their daily activity that it's almost as if they can see the pollution".
Whilst the levels of some air pollutants have declined significantly in the UK over the past 20 years, the levels of nitrogen oxides (NOx) and particulate matter (PM) have remained stubbornly high in most urban areas. Dr Barratt believes that diesel engines are "probably the root of the problem".
More cars are now sold with diesel engines than petrol, and efforts by the European Union to force manufacturers to produce cleaner diesel engines have met with limited success.
The official published figures appear to show new cars getting much cleaner, but drivers will find it tough to match those figures.
"Typically, we've found the real world NOx can be three, four, five times the official values," says Nick Molden, whose company, Emissions Analytics, measures the emissions of hundreds of cars in real traffic conditions every year.
Whilst engines are tuned and run to minimise pollution in lab tests, he says that on the road, congestion and regular stopping and starting at junctions will produce very different figures.
EAC wants to study these kind of issues in its investigation, along with observations raised when the committee members received the results from their monitors.
Ms Walley, the MP for Stoke-On-Trent North, was concerned that "some of the highest figures were when I was driving around my constituency in my own car".
Mr Kane noted the sharp contrast between the high exposures he suffered travelling by car into Manchester, and the relatively low exposure experienced when taking the same journey by train.
Walking through the city, he was exposed to nearly three times as much pollution on busy Lever Street as he was walking alongside the nearby canal.
Dr Barrett points to a pollution peak suffered by the MPs when the committee members left Westminster and shared a taxi in rush hour traffic through central London. On a hot day, with the taxi windows open, the MPs' monitors recorded figures six times as high as those recorded walking in Parliament Square.
For Dr Barratt, knowledge is power. "In cities, we usually have choices. It's common sense. If you think the pollution is coming from vehicle exhausts, try to avoid them."
We should take the train rather than sit in our cars surrounded by other cars belching pollutants, he says - and then there is his personal bugbear.
"I see people jogging along busy roads. It's crazy. Jog through a park, jog through a back street. It's much more sensible, much more healthy."
Costing the Earth - The Diesel Decade is broadcast on BBC Radio Four at 15:30 on Tuesday and 21:00 on Wednesday - or catch up on the BBC iPlayer


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Question: A woman who was found stabbed to death in her burning home was unlawfully killed, a coroner has ruled.

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The body of Susan Ashworth, 47, was discovered at her home in Farfield Court, Garforth, on 29 April 2014.
Her husband, Martin Ashworth, 48, who had been released from a mental health unit 13 days before the fire, died in hospital after suffering serious burns.
Coroner David Hinchliff recorded an open verdict on his death following the inquests at Wakefield Coroner's Court.
For more stories from across Yorkshire
Mr Ashworth's mother Barbara had previously told the inquest her son had been sectioned after attempting suicide a month earlier as his marriage deteriorated.
She said he had been released from the Becklin Centre in Leeds on 16 April because the unit "needed beds".
The inquest also heard Mr Ashworth was controlling and emotionally abusive to Mrs Ashworth, with her mother telling the court he had "tried to impose control and power over Susan".
She also said Mrs Ashworth has asked for a divorce while her husband was in hospital.
The inquest heard she was only told of his release on the day and she had little choice but to allow him to return home.
At the time of the fire, West Yorkshire Police said the cause was being treated as suspicious, but they were not looking for anyone else in connection with the investigation.
Following the coroner's ruling, Anthony Deery, of Leeds and York Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, said he was "satisfied that we acted appropriately both in terms of the care provided to Mr Ashworth and the safeguarding referrals made on behalf of Mrs Ashworth".

The body of Arnis Zalkalns, 41, was discovered in Boston Park, west London, on 4 October, four days after the teenager's body was found.
The coroner said a post-mortem examination found the cause of death was "consistent with hanging".
The inquest at West London Coroner's Court was opened and adjourned until December.
Convicted killer Zalkalns' decomposed body was identified by his dental records, the court heard.
Coroner's officer Lana Atkinson told the court: "Mr Zalkalns was found on 4 October and his body was found suspended by his neck in dense woodland in Boston Manor Park adjacent to the canal.
"A post-mortem conducted on October 6 found a conditional cause of death is consistent with hanging. There is no evidence of third party involvement."
The coroner's officer added police were still investigating the case.
Zalkalns had served seven years in prison in his native country for bludgeoning and stabbing his wife Rudite to death before moving to the UK in 2007.
CCTV captured Zalkalns cycling behind Alice on a tow path on the day she disappeared.
Alice, from Hanwell, in west London, disappeared on 28 August.
Her body was found wrapped and weighted down in a shallow stretch of the River Brent on 30 September.
Alice's inquest was opened and adjourned on 10 October.


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Question: Michael Dunlop won both Superbike races at the Armoy meeting on Saturday while his brother William completed a Supersport double.

MD Racing BMW rider Michael followed up his first Superbike victory by winning the feature Race of Legends for a sixth straight year in the Co Antrim event.
William's win in Saturday's Supersport race came after his success in Friday night's opener.
Derek Sheils was second and William Dunlop third in both Superbike races.
William edged out Michael by just 0.007 seconds in a thrilling opening Supersport race between the Ballymoney siblings on Friday night, with Sheils completing the podium.
Dubliner Sheils moved up a place in the second Supersport race with Michael Sweeney taking third spot.
Englishman James Cowton enjoyed a Supertwins victory, coming in ahead of Sweeney and Christian Elkin.
Elkin won the 125s class from Sam Wilson and Paul Jordan while the 250s honours went to Neil Kernohan.

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The event was run over two legs and Gerard Kinghan won the first race from fellow Kawasaki rider Sheils, with Alastair Kirk third.
Sheils took the victory in race two, coming home ahead of Kirk and Crumlin's Stephen Thompson on a BMW, followed by Kinghan in fourth.
William Dunlop was a double Supersport 600cc winner on his CD Racing Yamaha.
Jamie Patterson finished runner-up in race one and Robert Kennedy second in race two.
Former British 125cc champion Christian Elkin took the chequered flag in the two Supertwins outings.
Female competitor Melissa Kennedy took victory in one of the Moto 3 races.
Sheils secured his third Enkalon Trophy success after victories in 2004 and 2013.
The Irish championship shirt circuit action continues at Kirkistown on Easter Monday, with the Mayor's Trophy the feature event.


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Question: The vacant Belgium head coach's job has been advertised online by the Belgian Football Association.

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The Belgian FA wants a "strong and open communicator" who has a "proven track record in transmitting tactical and strategic knowledge" to top players.
The "desired profile" lists "experience and results in the fast-changing world of football".
Marc Wilmots left as manager after the Euro 2016 3-1 quarter-final defeat by Wales following four years in charge.
The deadline for applications is 31 July.
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The warrants are for the Benin Football Federation (FBF) executive committee and a Caf observer who attended federation elections on 10 June.
All ignored a court injunction ordering the suspension of FBF elections, which went ahead in June despite the directive.
Football's world governing body says if the "decisions in question are not withdrawn by 18 July, the case will be referred to the Bureau of the Fifa Council, for it to take the appropriate decision."
Fifa disapproves of external interference in the running of a football association, having banned various countries in the past for such an offence.
The elections were held in the presence of Omari, with the DR Congo FA president acting as a Fifa observer, and his Ivorian counterpart Sidi Diallo, who represented the Confederation of African Football.
Holding the elections meant a ban from global football imposed by Fifa in May was lifted and allowed Benin to play a postponed Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Equatorial Guinea.
Benin won that match 2-1 to keep alive their hopes of qualifying for January's finals in Gabon from Group C.
The Fifa ban had been imposed after an earlier court ruling but stipulated the sanction could be lifted when elections had been held.
Anjorin Moucharafou was voted in as president once again by the 40 of the 42 delegates present.
His election went ahead despite a court having ruled it should be delayed indefinitely after it upheld a complaint by 20 of the country's football clubs.
The clubs argued that the current normalisation committee running the sport in the country had violated the statutes of FBF.
Fifa has warned Benin over the arrest warrants issued in the country for several key officials.
The warrants are for the Benin Football Federation (FBF) executive committee as well as the Fifa and Caf observers who attended federation elections on 10 June.
Football's world governing body says if the "decisions in question are not withdrawn by 18 July, the case will be referred to the Bureau of the Fifa Council, for it to take the appropriate decision."
The FBF held polls to choose a new president in June despite a court injunction order the suspension of the elections.
This meant that a ban from global football imposed by Fifa in May was lifted and allowed Benin to play a postponed Africa Cup of Nations qualifier against Equatorial Guinea.
Benin won that match 2-1 to keep alive their hopes of qualifying for January's finals in Gabon from Group C.
The elections were held in the presence of DR Congo FA president Constant Omari acting as a Fifa observer and his Ivorian counterpart Sidi Diallo on behalf of the Confederation of African Football.
The Fifa ban had been imposed after an earlier court ruling but stipulated the sanction could be lifted when elections had been held.
Anjorin Moucharafou was voted in as president once again by the 40 of the 42 delegates present.
His election went ahead despite a court having ruled should be delayed indefinitely as it upheld a complaint by 20 of the country's football clubs.
The clubs argued the current normalisation committee running the sport in the country had violated the statutes of FBF.


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Question: A billionaire tycoon was right to say his plane - the heaviest ever built - could have flown, a university team has claimed using a flight simulator.

In 1947 Howard Hughes's H-4 Hercules was the largest, heaviest and most expensive plane ever built.
Yet aside from a one-mile test flight at 70ft (20m), the Spruce Goose - as it was nicknamed by critics - never flew.
A team at Wrexham's Glyndwr University says they have proved Hughes was right to insist it could have flown.
In 1942 billionaire aviator, engineer, philanthropist and entrepreneur Howard Hughes won the contract to design a plane for the United States Air Force which could fly troops across the Atlantic, thus avoiding Nazi U-boats.
It had to be able to carry 750 troops or one Sherman tank up to 5,000 miles and at a cruising speed above 250 mph at up to 21,000ft (6,400m)
An additional challenge was to make the plane's body out of wood in order to conserve stocks of metal, hence its nickname of the Spruce Goose.
Shortages of materials and in-fighting with business partner Henry Kaiser meant that the only prototype ever built was not completed until 1947, two years after the war ended.
Hughes was summoned to the War Investigations Committee to explain the $22m cost.
With the plane's wingspan at 320ft (97m) and weighing-in at over 400,000lbs (180 tonnes) when loaded, many of the congressmen doubted that the Spruce Goose would ever have been able to fly at all.
Glyndwr University decided to pursue an answer to that question using its Â£200,000 Merlin flight simulator.
Flight simulator technician Nick Burdon said after calibrating the machine by feeding in the characteristics of everyday aircraft, the university team decided they needed more of challenge.
He said: "For any fan of aviation the answer to the Spruce Goose mystery is the holy grail, so it seemed the ideal quest to set ourselves.
"There's a big aeronautical difference between a test flight at 70ft and cruising at 21,000ft, so the fact the Spruce Goose flew once means relatively little.
"At such low altitude it would have been subject to ground effect, meaning that the closer to the ground it was, the greater the lift and the less the drag would have been on the wings.
"There's more finessing to be done to our model, such as the drag effect of the individual components and the fact that it was made almost entirely of wood, but the early indications are that it was a perfectly sound design.
"It wouldn't have been an easy plane to fly, because if you don't keep the wings entirely level then it has a tendency to go into a spiral which could have potentially ripped off the wings.
"But in the right hands, I believe it could do everything Howard Hughes maintained it could."
Yet Mr Burdon says righting historical wrongs is not the only purpose of the exercise.
He said: "Now we know we can push the boundaries of the modelling software, it will help Glyndwr's aeronautical engineering students come up with the next generation of aircraft design.
"Who knows, possibly something even as radical as the Spruce Goose?"
Away from aviation, Hughes became famous for dating Hollywood stars including Bette Davis, Katharine Hepburn and Ginger Rogers, as well as financing and directing movies.
His life-long battle against obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD) was portrayed by Leonardo DiCaprio in Martin Scorsese's 2004 film The Aviator.
Meanwhile the Spruce Goose itself survives in preservation at the Evergreen Aviation Museum in Oregon, USA.

The 302ft (92m) long aircraft, which is part plane and part airship, nosedived after a test flight at Cardington Airfield in Bedfordshire on 24 August.
No-one was injured in the accident, but the cockpit was effectively destroyed.
The auxiliary landing system has "airbags" which are stowed during flight, Hybrid Air Vehicles (HAV) said.
More news from Bedfordshire
It is one of a number of changes which have been made since the crash when Airlander climbed to an excessive height because its mooring line became caught on power cables, an Air Accidents Investigation Branch report found.
"We had to look at how you stop 35 tonnes of airship coming down and squashing that composite flightdeck area," programmes director Nick Allman said.
"It will give us no drag [and] no change in how the aircraft flies normally."
As the craft comes in to land air from inside the craft's body will inflate the airbag feet in "about 15 seconds".
"What we've done is put in 63 changes - some to the aircraft but most to process, procedure, and training - so that sort of event is extremely unlikely to ever happen again," Chris Daniels from HAV added.
The company said the repairs and changes were now complete and, following "an extensive test phase", it is hoped Airlander will take to the skies again by the end of April.
Airlander 10 in numbers


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Question: A chronology of key events

circa 2500 BC - Palau's first inhabitants - thought to have come from present-day eastern Indonesia - settle in the islands. The early Palauans develop complex social systems, practice fishing and farming.
English captain Henry Wilson's vessel, 'Antelope', was shipwrecked on one of the islands of Palau in 1783
1783 - English captain Henry Wilson is shipwrecked on a reef and becomes the first Westerner to visit. Wilson and his crew stay for three months and rebuild their vessel with local help. European contacts grow and Britain becomes Palau's main trading partner.
1885 - Spain asserts its claim to the islands.
1899 - Spain sells Palau to Germany, which begins to exploit the islands' resources using native labour. Phosphate is mined and coconut plantations are developed.
1914 - After Germany's defeat in World War I, Japan seizes Palau. The main town, Koror, is developed and becomes the administrative centre for Japan's regional possessions. The Japanese civilian population in Palau peaks at 26,000.
1940-45 - Japan's military fortifications and naval facilities in Palau are targeted in allied attacks during World War II. Some Palauan islands witness fierce fighting between US and Japanese forces.
1947 - Palau becomes a United Nations Trust Territory under US administration.
US Marines attack Japanese troops positioned in Palau
1979 - Palau - and the Marshall Islands - opt not to become part of a single, federal Micronesian state.
1981 - Republic of Palau comes into being, following the territory's adoption of a constitution in July 1980. President Haruo Remeliik takes office.
1983-90 - Successive referendums on a proposed Compact of Free Association with the US fail to approve the arrangement, under which Palau would manage its own affairs and the US would retain responsibility for defence.
1985 - President Haruo Remeliik is assassinated in June. Lazarus Salii is elected president in September 1985.
1988 - President Salii dies in an apparent suicide. He is succeeded by President Ngiratkel Etpison.
1992 - President Kuniwo Nakamura is elected, and re-elected in 1996.
1993 - After investigations by US authorities a Palau minister of state and his wife are found guilty of the 1985 murder of President Remeliik.
1993 - Proposed Compact of Free Association with the US gets the green light in a referendum. Requirements for the mandate were changed in a 1992 vote; only a simple majority vote was needed to approve the compact.
1994 - Palau becomes independent under the Contract of Free Association with the US. Palau receives financial and other aid from Washington, and the US retains responsibility for defence and the right to operate military bases. Palau joins the UN.
2000 November - Former vice president Tommy Remengesau wins presidential elections.
2003 August - Palau signs the Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty.
2004 November - Incumbent President Tommy Remengesau is re-elected.
Referendum backs constitutional changes allowing dual citizenship, limiting terms in congress to three and allowing president and vice-president to stand for election as a team.
2006 October - Government institutions begin the move to a new capital, Melekeok.
2008 November - Former ambassador to Taiwan Johnson Toribiong wins presidential election, beating outgoing Vice-President Elias Camsek Chin.
2009 January - President Toribiong inaugurated.
2009 September - Palau creates world's first "shark sanctuary", banning all commercial shark fishing in its waters.
2009 October - Six Chinese ethnic Uighurs are freed from US military prison at Guantanamo Bay and sent to Palau for resettlement.
2010 January - US agrees to give Palau additional aid of $250 million, after Palau had rejected an earlier offer of $156 million. President Toribiong denies any linkage to Palau's agreement to host the Guantanamo Uighurs.
2012 November - Parliamentary and presidential elections. Tommy Remengesau is elected president for the third time, having previously served two terms from 2001-9.
2013 November  - Typhoon Haiyan causes damage to a number of islands in Palau, including Kayangel and Babeldaob.
2014 February - President Remengesau announces that Palau plans to ban all commercial fishing from its waters. He says the country's economic potential lies in tourism rather than fishing.
2015 February: The governor of Palau's Peleliu State pledges to cooperate in efforts to recover the wartime remains of Japanese soldiers ahead of a visit in April by Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko.

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Here is the story of the two countries' entangled history, told through pictures.


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Question: Queen have been honoured with the Living Legends award at the Classic Rock Roll of Honour awards in London.

Guitarist Brian May collected the award at Classic Rock magazine's 11th annual ceremony at The Roundhouse in Camden.
Queen recently celebrated the 40th anniversary of one of their biggest hits, Bohemian Rhapsody, and will headline 2016's Isle of Wight Festival.
Other winners included Iron Maiden, AC/DC, Foo Fighters, Led Zeppelin, Alice Cooper and Noddy Holder.
Queen, who originally consisted of May, Freddie Mercury, Roger Taylor and John Deacon, still perform live despite the death of singer Mercury in 1991.
Previous recipients of the living legend award include Jeff Beck, Jimmy Page, Motorhead's Lemmy, Ozzy Osbourne, Iggy Pop and ZZ Top.
Other winners on the night included Nils Lofgren - who plays guitar in Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band as well as having a solo career - who was honoured with the evening's outstanding contribution award.
AC/DC, currently touring their latest album Rock or Bust around the world, were named band of the year. The album was the first in their 40-year career not to feature founding member Malcolm Young who is suffering from dementia.
Iron Maiden won the album of the year award for The Book Of Souls. It was released in September after being delayed to allow singer Bruce Dickinson time to recover from treatment to remove a cancerous tumour at the beginning of the year.
Led Zeppelin won reissue of the year for the re-release of their back catalogue in a deluxe box set.
Foo Fighters' Sonic Highways documentary, which saw them touring recording studios around the US to make an album, won them the award for film or DVD of the year.
Here is the full list of Classic Rock Roll of Honour winners:

15 January 2016 Last updated at 11:26 GMT
Adele, Years & Years and James Bay lead the way at this year's awards, which will take place on 24 February, after being nominated for four prizes each.
Leah was at the special nominations ceremony in London and spoke to some of the lucky stars on the red carpet.


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Question: There are three Friday the Thirteenths this year, and if that worries us, we might have to blame a group who were the sworn enemies of all superstition.

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Whatever the reason, since time immemorial many have feared Fridays and thirteens.
But why did the two fears come together to create a superstition with a life of its own, marked throughout the English-speaking world?
Not for any mystical reasons, it seems. "From the astrological point of view there is no need to be concerned about Friday 13th ," says Robert Currey of Equinox Astrology.
Dates and days of the week used to be closely related to planetary movements and phases of the moon in a system dating back to the Babylonians, he says, but that's not the case any more.
Sonia Ducie is a numerology consultant who believes strongly in the innate energy of numbers - 13 is "all to do with transformation and change" she says, and she counts Friday as the fifth day, associated with movement.
"You can see how with those two numbers together, it could be very restless," she says, but adds: "It's down to us; the energy's neutral."
Why did the combined superstition arise, then?
In 1907 a book called Friday, the Thirteenth was published, by a stock promoter called Thomas Lawson. It was the inspiration for the Friday 13th mythology which culminated in the lurid film and TV franchises starting in the 1980s.
Lawson's book is a dark fable of Wall Street whose central character ruthlessly engineers booms and busts in the market to work revenge on his enemies, leaving misery and ruin in his wake.
In it he takes advantage of the jitters which the date Friday 13th could be relied on to produce in the market traders.
"Every man on the floor and in the Street as well has his eye on it. Friday, the 13th, would break the best bull market ever under way," one character says.
So in 1907 fear of that date was already an established superstition. A quarter century before, it was not.
The Thirteen Club, a gathering of jolly gents determined to defy all superstitions, first met on 13 September 1881 (a Wednesday) though it was formally organised on Friday, 13 January 1882.
They met on the 13th of the month, sat 13 to a table, broke mirrors and spilled salt with exuberance and walked in to dinner under crossed ladders. The club's annual reports carefully noted how many of its members had died, and how many of these passed away within a year of attending a club dinner.
It was founded by Captain William Fowler - of whom it was said that everyone associated him with "good fellowship, a big heart, and simple, unostentatious charity" - at his Knickerbocker Cottage restaurant on Manhattan's Sixth Avenue.
As club marshal he "always gallantly and fearlessly led to the banqueting hall," reported the club's "chief ruler" Daniel Wolff.
The New York Times reported that at the first meeting the 13th diner was late, and Fowler dragooned one of the waiters to make up the unlucky number: "Despite his howls he wasâ€¦ just being shoved through the ladders when the missing guest arrived."
The first target of the club was the fear that if 13 people dined together one would soon die. But a second superstition soon followed.
In April 1882 it adopted a resolution deploring the fact that Friday had "for many centuries past, been considered an unlucky day... on unreasonable grounds" and the club sent a call to the President, state governors and judges to stop picking on Friday as "hanging day" and hold executions on other days too.
But of a joint Friday 13th superstition there is no sign at the club's foundation. It appeared some time between 1882 and the publication of Lawson's book in 1907.
Could that be the club's own fault?
It took every opportunity of bringing its two prime targets together to ridicule them, the Los Angeles Herald reported in 1895: "Whenever, during the past 13 years Friday has fallen on the 13th of the month this peculiar organisation has never failed to hold a special meeting for rejoicing."
The club prided itself that it had put superstition in the spotlight. Its fame was great: the original 13 members had grown to hundreds by the turn of the century and similar clubs were founded in cities across the States. London's Thirteen Club had been founded by 1894, when a music hall song about it appeared.
"Two of these vulgar superstitions you have combated resolutely and without flinching," club scribe Charles Sotheran wrote to the New York members in 1883, "namely the belief in 13 being an unlucky number, and Friday an unlucky day. You have created a popular sentiment in favour of them both."
Sotheran must have meant "made Fridays and 13 less unpopular", but his sentence is ambiguous and it could just as well have meant "made the superstitions popular".  So was it this interpretation which established the superstition in public opinion?
The Thirteen Club's doctrine was "that superstition should be assailed and combated and driven off the earth".
If instead it generated one of the most widespread and persistent superstitions of all, that was an unlucky accident indeed.

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A new year is upon us and I for one wonder what the fuss is all about - why the fireworks, the endless parties, the resolutions, the yearning to know the future - when in reality the new year for each and everyone should be the day our mothers gave birth to us.
But let us run with the herd and pretend there is a new year to celebrate and that making it into 2014 is worthy of raising a glass and that being alive at the beginning of January is somehow worthier of notice than being dead in December.
And it is a time to look ahead and speculate about the immediate future of this, our continent.
Increasingly, this has become an impossible task - for who could have known that before December was over South Sudan and her precarious peace would have unravelled and the prospect of another war loom large over the long-suffering South Sudanese?
Or that more than 100 people would die in the Democratic Republic of Congo as followers of evangelical Christian pastor Joseph Mukungubila attacked state institutions with gunfire on the second last day of 2013?
Pastor Mukungubila is known as the "prophet of the eternal" and he issued a press statement on his Facebook and Twitter accounts from "the office of the prophet" saying his followers had spontaneously rebelled against soldiers who had attacked his home.
And perhaps it is to these so-called prophets, the seers said to be blessed by holy visions that we should turn in predicting what this year has in store for us all.
Not only do these men say they can predict our uncertain future, they are also credited with performing astounding miracles.
Prophets are everywhere you look, ministering to the poor, the needy and the rich.
In Zimbabwe, Uebert Angel, a young charismatic prophet, arrives to preach to his flock by helicopter and tells them that God wants them to be rich, as rich as he is.
In Lagos, TB Joshua receives men and women of influence and presidents of different lands.
In Ghana, for these holy men are everywhere, Victor Kusi Boateng replenishes the spiritual needs of other prophets.
It would be foolish for anyone to cast aspersions on the acts of the divinely gifted, these miracle workers, these gardeners of the desert.
But seeing as so many of Africa's urban populations are filling the churches and the prayer halls in search of signs and miracles and salvation, I thought it wise to spend some time surfing the web in search of 2014 predictions for you from those in the know.
For the World Cup, no prophet goes out on a limb to hand the trophy to Africa, although one sees Nigeria's Super Eagles making it to the semi-finals.
If you are a Liverpool supporter, you will be disappointed to hear that another prophet has denied recent reports of that he predicted the Reds would win the league this year.
Yet another prophet believes there will be an explosion in prostitution in 2014 as the hard times continue to roll.
What of more serious issues, I hear you ask.
Another man of vision informs us that African politicians who depend on corruption for their wealth will fall by the wayside in 2014.
It seems, though, that a principal talent a prophet needs is the ability to foretell a leader's death, or to warn of some kind of attack or natural disaster before it occurs - but without giving us the specifics.
So it is possible we may hear a prophecy that a long-serving African leader will leave us in this 14th year of the new century and we, believing our prophets, will cast our roving eyes around to Eritrea, Zimbabwe or Cameroon and wonder where the prophet really wanted us to look.
We will watch the explosions in Somalia and the kidnappings in Libya or the murders in northern Nigeria and Mali and understand that the prophets have been telling us for some time that terrorism in Africa has been strengthening its grip and our governments must remain alert.
And what of the fate of all Africans all over the world? Despite the Bible and a love of scriptures, the world at large will watch us die in leaking boats in the Mediterranean or killed while crossing deserts as we demonstrate for the right to stay in places like Israel and Saudi Arabia where we are not wanted.
One thing you can be sure of is that 2014 will come and go of its own accord regardless of the prophecies - and it may well be more of the same but not necessarily in that order.
If you would like to comment on Farai Sevenzo's column, please do so below.


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Question: Tennis in Brazil faces a challenge in taking on the might of football, but organisers of the Rio Open tournament being held in the city this week believe the sport is set for expansion in the country.

Having returned for a second year, the open is the biggest tennis tournament in South America, and is the only combined men's ATP World Tour 500 and women's WTA International competition in the region.
"It is already raising the profile of the sport in Brazil and Latin America," says tournament director Luiz Carvalho, who is also on the Rio 2016 organising committee for the Olympic Games and Paralympic Games tennis events.
Historically, Brazil has not been a "mature market" for major global sporting events, but the successfully run football World Cup, and attraction of the forthcoming Olympic and Paralympic Games, have moved the country up the hosting league table.
As such, Mr Carvalho says he wants the tournament to grow year-on-year until it becomes - while not an actual Grand Slam - the principal tournament of the region, in the way that the US Open is in North America.
"As our profile grows, we will attract more people to the event, which we hope will in turn encourage people to take up tennis."
And the number one men's seed at the Rio Open, Rafael Nadal, thinks the city could step up to the next rank of ATP event, and host a 1000 Masters.
"The South American region - an area where they really appreciate the sport - these countries are developing and getting more prepared to host big events," he says.
"I believe that the moment to host a bigger event in South America has arrived. I would like to see the ATP offering that opportunity in the near future."
Mr Carvalho says ticket sales for the clay court tournament are up roughly 20% on last year, with six out of 11 playing sessions sold out.
The 33-year-old says spectators have come from across the continent, not just Brazil, with holiday visitors to the Rio Carnival - held in the city earlier this week - also attending.
Reigning holder Nadal is joined by his countrymen David Ferrer and Tommy Robredo as seeds two and three, and the men and women's playing fields also include a number of home and regional favourites.
The winners of the singles events pick up $343,000 (Â£223,000) each and the doubles winners $101,310, with $1.5m total prize money.
The event, held at the private Rio Jockey Club in the shadow of Sugar Loaf Mountain, is produced by sports promoters IMX, who say they have a long-term commitment to hosting the tournament.
"We are getting high-profile coverage on TV and the front of magazines - the more we market the sport, then more people will consume and play tennis," says Mr Carvalho, a former pro circuit player who reached a world high position of 868 in 2000.
He says that as well as being a sporting and social event, the tennis tournament also serves as an important networking venue, with the upmarket Corcovado Club on the site offering hospitality facilities for 1,000 people.
"Our sponsors and VIPs can get together to do business around the tennis," says the 33-year-old. "Many chief executives of big firms also play tennis, so we have them attending too."
Headline sponsor is Claro, a Mexican telecoms group operating across Latin America, and other big name backers include Rolex, Xerox, Samsung, Peugeot, Asics, and Corona beer.
Major Brazilian backers include communications firm Embratel, bank Itau, postal service Correios, airline TAM, plus others.
"There is always room for more sponsors, but we are more than satisfied," says Mr Carvalho.  "We had very few multi-year sponsors last year, but have had a 90% renewal from last then, which shows we are going in the right direction."
Nadal's participation is his first return to action since his Australian Open quarter-final defeat to Tomas Berdych. Given his attraction with the crowds, how much of a problem would it be if he does not go all the way to the final?
"It is true that the more Rafa plays, the more buzz he creates," says Mr Carvalho. "He is one of the top of his sport... but an upset would be ok for us.
"The tournament is not dependent on him. We have more to offer than one player."
Tickets cost from 25 reais to 510 reais (Â£5.75 to Â£117), with half-price options for students and the elderly. There are nine courts; five match courts - including a 6,200-seater showpiece mini-stadium, and four practice courts.
"We think tennis is for everyone, and have priced our tickets to cover all sections of society, although we do realise that tennis is more high-end sport," says Mr Carvalho.
"But we have tickets for the less fortunate,  it is only towards the end of the week, towards the finals, that tickets are more expensive.  We feel the prices, for what is on offer, are correct."
Meanwhile, TV deals have been signed with Globo-subsidiary SporTV, ATP Media and IMG.
Mr Carvalho hopes that the tennis momentum will be continued during the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics.
"Next year will be another great opportunity to grow the sport, and will be a further expansion into the public consciousness," he says.
"It will leave a fantastic legacy, with a 10,000-seater centre court. We don't have many proper tennis facilities to hold big events, so possibly after the Olympic Games we can hold more big tennis events."
In the same way that China went from hosting two to 10 ranking tennis tournaments after the 2008 Beijing Games, it is hoped the Olympics can create demand for more major contests in Brazil.
Also, Mr Carvalho says having the Olympic tennis complex could help Rio secure an ATP 1000 event.
As well as the showpiece Centre Court, the Olympic Tennis Centre will comprise Court 1, a temporary structure with 5,000 seats, and Court 2, which will have 3,000 temporary seats but whose court will remain after the games.
There will also be seven outside courts, each with 250 temporary seats, plus six practice and warm-up courts.
Meanwhile, 250 Olympic Games tennis staff, covering everything from catering to security, are attending the Rio Open to see how to run a major tennis event.
"The Olympic Games are just around the corner,  and the [football] World Cup has shown we can confidently hold big sporting events," says Mr Carvalho.
"We will have all the top top tennis players here; Nadal, Djokovic, Federer, Murray, Sharapova, Williams, and that can only help promote the sport."

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10 May 2016 Last updated at 17:05 BST
China is not known as a leader in football but the country wants to change that.
Football has been growing in popularity over the last few years and the Chinese Super League has many top players from countries like Brazil and Germany.
Now China is looking closer home for its future top players, in schools!
Check out the video to see what the pupils think.


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Question: The Future of Life Institute has announced it will use a $10m (Â£6m) donation from billionaire entrepreneur Elon Musk to fund 37 research projects dedicated to keeping AI "beneficial".

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The projects include $136,000 for a study of artificial intelligence weapons and how to keep them under "meaningful human control".
There is also a further $1.5m earmarked for an AI research centre.
Additional funding has come from the Open Philanthropy Project.
The centre would be run by Oxford and Cambridge universities in the UK.
"There are reasons to believe that unregulated and unconstrained development could incur significant dangers, both from "bad actors" like irresponsible governments and from the unprecedented capability of the technology itself," said Oxford University's Nick Bostrom.
"The centre will focus explicitly on the long-term impacts of AI, the strategic implications of powerful AI systems as they come to exceed human capabilities in most domains of interest, and the policy responses that could best be used to mitigate the potential risks of this technology."
The projects now set to receive grants from the Future of Life Institute (FLI) include studies on how ethics and human values can be incorporated into AI work.
The group said it had received nearly 300 funding applications from around the world.
Microsoft founder Bill Gates and Prof Stephen Hawking are among the high-profile figures warning about the potential dangers of AI, as robots become increasingly intelligent and less dependent on human control.
FLI president Max Tegmark pointed out that the organisation was not concerned by the nightmare scenarios posed by Hollywood films such as Terminator.
"The danger with the Terminator scenario isn't that it will happen, but that it distracts from the real issues posed by future AI", he said.
"We're staying focused, and the 37 teams supported by today's grants should help solve such real issues."
Elon Musk, who founded SpaceX and co-founded Tesla Motors and PayPal, donated to the IFL in January this year.
"Here are all these leading AI researchers saying that AI safety is important", he said.
"I agree with them, so I'm committing $10m to support research aimed at keeping AI beneficial for humanity."

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In an open letter to the UN, they say lethal autonomous weapons threaten a "third revolution in warfare".
More than 100 robotics and artificial intelligence (AI) industry leaders signed the letter.
Mr Musk has long spoken out about the dangers of artificial intelligence.
Fears about the rise of AI and the risk posed by machines have escalated in recent years as the technology's use in warfare develops.
The letter to the UN Convention on Certain Conventional Weapons calls for solutions to "prevent an arms race" in lethal autonomous weapons.
These future weapons - dubbed "killer robots" - are machines programmed to hit people or targets, which operate autonomously on the battlefield.
"Once developed, they will permit armed conflict to be fought at a scale greater than ever, and at timescales faster than humans can comprehend," the letter states.
"These can be weapons of terror, weapons that despots and terrorists use against innocent populations, and weapons hacked to behave in undesirable ways," it said.
"We do not have long to act. Once this Pandora's box is opened, it will be hard to close," they added.
The letter was signed by 116 robotics and artificial intelligence leaders from around the world, including Mr Musk and Google's DeepMind co-founder Mustafa Suleyman.
A UN group examining autonomous weapons was due to meet on Monday and is now expected to meet in November.
The letter was released at an international AI conference in Melbourne on Monday.
A similar letter warning of the dangers of autonomous weapons, signed by a slew of tech experts including Stephen Hawking, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak and Mr Musk, was released in 2015.
Mr Musk has long been a vocal critic about the dangers of AI.
The billionaire founder of Space X has described artificial intelligence as humanity's "biggest existential threat".
He founded OpenAI, a non-profit company working for "safer artificial intelligence".
Musk recently clashed with another tech leader, Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg, who is less fearful about the future of AI.
It comes after the Facebook boss said that the doomsday scenario put forward by Mr Musk was unhelpful.
Mr Musk tweeted: "I've talked to Mark about this. His understanding of the subject is limited."


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Question: Former England head coach Peter Moores has extended his contract as a coaching consultant at Nottinghamshire for a further two years.

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The 52-year-old was sacked by England in May after poor showings in the World Cup and the tour of the West Indies.
Moores, who has twice won the County Championship, started his current role with Nottinghamshire in June.
The club were last in Division One when Moores joined, but won 13 of 19 games in all competitions after his arrival.
"Bringing Peter to the Club, alongside the emergence of our young bowlers and Chris Read's return from injury, helped turn the second half of our season around," Notts director of cricket Mick Newell told the club website.
"With Peter very much enjoying being a part of things, we had the opportunity to make it more permanent, which is terrific for us."
Moores was first appointed England coach in 2007, but was dismissed in 2009 after a dispute with Kevin Pietersen.
He returned to the role in April 2014, but led England to a group-stage exit at the World Cup in March, before drawing a test series with the West Indies.
Moores has twice won the County Championship as a coach, with Sussex in 2003 and Lancashire in 2011.

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The 45-year-old Australian has also previously coached the Adelaide Strikers in the T20 Big Bash.
And he was part of the coaching team as Rajasthan Royals won the inaugural Indian Premier League in 2008.
Essex have been looking for a head coach since Paul Grayson left by mutual consent on 2 September and want to complete shortlist by mid-October.
The county, who currently have Chris Silverwood in charge until the end of the season, then hope to make an appointment in late December or early January.
Essex, currently third in Division Two and without silverware since 2008, saw the first day of their final County Championship match of the season against Lancashire rained off on Tuesday.
Meanwhile, young fast bowler Aaron Beard has signed his first professional contract with the club that will keep the 17-year-old at Chelmsford until at least the end of the 2017 season.


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Question: A man who flew a drone carrying radioactive sand on to the roof of the Japanese prime minister's office has been arrested, Tokyo police say.

Yasuo Yamamoto, 40, was protesting over the Japanese government's nuclear energy policy. He turned himself in late on Friday, police said.
No-one was hurt. Prime Minister Shinzo Abe was out of the country.
The drone landing triggered a security alert and raised fears of extremists using drones to carry out attacks.
The small amount of sand in the drone - which was equipped with a small camera - carried traces of radiation.
Police said the radioactive material was likely to be caesium but the levels were too low to be harmful to human health.
Japan does not yet regulate regulate low-altitude drone flights except around airports. However, officials are looking into changing the law as the remote-controlled devices become more popular.
Japan shut down all 48 of its nuclear power plants after the tsunami and earthquake in March 2011 which wrecked the Fukushima power plant.
Previously, about 30% of Japan's power was nuclear-generated.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe has lobbied for a restart, arguing that the shutdown has hurt the economy by forcing Japan to import expensive fossil fuels to make up the power shortfall.
But public anxiety about the safety of nuclear power remains high.
None of the plants has yet re-started. However, last week a Japanese court rejected an attempt by local residents to halt the restart of two nuclear reactors at the Sendai plant in Kagoshima prefecture.

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Left-wing revolutionary Masaaki Osaka has been arrested and charged for murdering a police officer during Tokyo street protests more than 45 years ago.
He allegedly set the officer on fire using a Molotov Cocktail petrol bomb.
No other suspected criminal has spent longer evading arrest, Japanese media report. The country has no statute of limitations for murder.
The 15-year time limit was abolished in 2010.
Where do prison escapees and absconders actually go?
Mr Osaka was arrested last month in a Hiroshima apartment belonging to the Chukaku-ha, or the Japan Revolutionary Communist League (JRCL). He is reported by police to have remained silent since being caught.
The fugitive was initially accused of a separate offence - obstructing the police - before officers claim to have realised who he was.
On Wednesday, he was transported from Hiroshima to Tokyo for further questioning, local media reported.
Police say they have confirmed his identity through DNA tests because fingerprints were unavailable at the time of the crime.
They say Mr Osaka was able to remain on the run for so long because he is a former high-ranking member of the radical left-wing JRCL and was assisted by sympathetic party associates.
The JRCL was established in the late 1950s and during the 1960s and 1970s earned a reputation for staging violent street protests.
Mr Osaka is accused of killing the 21-year-old police officer during a left wing riot in Tokyo's Shibuya Ward in 1971. He is alleged to have assaulted him with a steel pipe before setting him alight.
The JRCL was protesting - among other things - against the recognition by Japan of the US military presence in the country.
The man alleged to be Mr Osaka's accomplice in the 1971 attack was charged in 1972, but his case was suspended because of mental illness.


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Question: Thousands of Zimbabwean widows are forced out of their homes by their in-laws each year.

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4 February 2017 Last updated at 05:32 GMT
Video journalist: Tendai Msiyazviriyo

Human rights activists had pushed for the law, saying Malawi had one of the highest rates of child marriage in the world.
Parliament passed the law two months ago, despite strong opposition from traditionalists.
The law only recognises marriages between men and women, disappointing gay rights activists.
Homosexual acts are illegal in Malawi, where most people hold deeply conservative religious and cultural beliefs.
The BBC's Raphael Tenthani reports from the main city Blantyre that Mr Mutharika's decision to approve the law is a victory for feminists.
It covers a wide range of issues, including giving a widow a share in her husband's property, ruling out the need for a will, he says.
The law also states that if an underage couple have a child, the boy's family will be financially responsible for the baby until the couple are able to support themselves and the child.
Local and foreign non-governmental organisations had campaigned for the ban on child marriage, saying it "traps girls, their families and communities into a cycle of  inter-generational poverty", AFP news agency reports.
Rights campaigner Milliam Chilemba welcomed the ban.
"Once they reach  puberty, parents consider their girls as adults ready for marriage."
"Many parents cannot afford to pay [school] fees for their girls and they opt to marry off their children to relieve themselves of the burden," she told AFP.
Half of Malawi's population of about 15 million live below the poverty line.


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Question: The death of a woman while she was teaching English in China was "a direct result of a leakage of carbon monoxide", a coroner has ruled.

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The provided query could be "['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Mother-of-two Ms Coggins has been described by her boyfriend as "hardworking" and "just beautiful".\nThe friends died in the early hours of Thursday while on a girls\' holiday in Lloret de Mar on the Costa Brava.\nPolice said the women were swept away by waves and the beach had been closed to the public the day before.\nMs Coggins, 35, is thought to have worked at the Costco wholesalers in Birmingham.\nRescue teams were alerted at 04:15 local time after the women failed to return from a swim in the sea, a Spanish news website said.\nA Foreign Office spokesman said: "We can confirm the death of two British nationals who had been reported missing in Lloret de Mar on 1 October.\n"We are providing support to the families and those who were travelling with the individuals at this difficult time.']" and the positive "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'Two women from Birmingham believed to have drowned off the coast of Spain have been named as Lisa Coggins and Tracey Aston.']"

Francesca Dingley, 22, from north London, died in a Chengdu apartment on 10 February 2015, five days after moving in to the flat.
Education First, which arranged the accommodation, said steps had been taken to prevent similar tragedies.
Barnet Coroner Andrew Walker recorded a narrative verdict.
More on this story and other news from London
The leak came from a water heater that was left running during the night, he said.
Her parents called for all travellers to carry carbon monoxide detectors.
Mark Dingley said people should carry the devices as "at least you can feel safe".
Francesca Dingley had travelled to China in January to teach with Education First.
In a statement, the company said it had "launched an immediate independent investigation" following her death.
"The priority has been to support the family", it said.
Ms Dingley's family has previously settled with the firm out of court.
Her mother Chrissy said the death was "something you never get over".

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Alexander Monson, 28, was arrested in Diani on suspicion of possessing cannabis in May 2012 and died in police custody.
Kenyan Police have denied any involvement in his death.
The inquest in Mombasa was adjourned until 27 April to allow closer study of the documents.
Mr Monson was heir to his family's Burton estate in Lincolnshire.
An independent pathologist hired by his family found he died from a head injury. The family was originally told he died of a drugs overdose.
The family lawyer said they had been kept in the dark about the findings of three separate investigations into his death.


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Question: A reassessment of ancient rocks has led scientists to estimate that Earth's inner core started to form earlier than was previously thought, around 1.3 billion years ago.

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As it started to freeze, the core began generating a bigger magnetic field, which continues to today.
The work is reported in Nature journal.
Earth's active core contrasts sharply with that of our neighbour Mars, whose strong early magnetic field died around four billion years ago.
Our planet's magnetic field is generated deep in the planet by the turbulent motion of the electrically conducting molten iron of the outer core.
It aligns compass needles north-south, but also protects Earth from the solar storms that the Sun throws out relentlessly.
At the poles, these storms produce Aurora - northern or southern lights. But they can also work destructively to strip away ozone in the upper atmosphere, an important shield against the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation.
It has been suggested that life on Earth has thrived because the magnetic field has allowed this protective atmosphere to persist over hundreds of millions of years.
The turbulent motion of iron in the liquid outer core is partly generated by excess heat in the centre of the Earth being transferred upwards and outwards by convection, and partly by the slow solidification of the solid inner core at the very heart of the planet.
As the iron at the centre of the Earth freezes, forming the inner core, it expels light and buoyant impurities into the liquid outer core. They rise and boost convection in the outer core, amplifying the magnetic field.
An increase in magnetic field is a signature that scientists have been searching for in the rocks of the deep geological past: a recording of the onset of core solidification.
The lead author of the paper, Dr Andy Biggin of the University of Liverpool, UK, commented: "The timing of the first appearance of solid iron or 'nucleation' of the inner core is highly controversial, but is crucial for determining the properties and history of the Earth's interior."
The question of when molten iron in the heart of the planet started to freeze and form the inner core has, recently, been the topic of vigorous scientific discussion.
Estimates and models of inner core formation rely on understanding the properties of iron under the extreme conditions at the centre of the Earth - pressures of more than three million atmospheres, and temperatures of around 6,000C.
Dr Biggin added: "The theoretical model which best fits our data indicates that the core is losing heat more slowly than at any point in the last 4.5 billion years and that this flow of energy should keep the Earth's magnetic field going for another billion years or more."
Dr Richard Harrison of the University of Cambridge, who was not involved in the study, told the BBC: "Studying the magnetism of ancient rocks is a huge scientific challenge, because old rocks can lose their magnetic memory, or the magnetic signals they carry can become overwritten and corrupted (just like the files on your hard drive).
"However, it is one of the best ways to look for concrete evidence of when the core started to solidify.
"Although data are scarce, this study applied strict quality controls to decide which data were the most reliable and then used statistics to demonstrate that a boost to Earth's the magnetic field occurred 1,300 million years ago. If this turns out to be the elusive signature of inner core growth, then we may have to revise our ideas about the core yet again!".
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A study shows that the magma chamber is about 2.5 times bigger than earlier estimates suggested.
A team found the cavern stretches for more than 90km (55 miles) and contains 200-600 cubic km of molten rock.
The findings are being presented at the American Geophysical Union Fall Meeting in San Francisco.
Prof Bob Smith, from the University of Utah, said: “We’ve been working there for a long time, and we’ve always thought it would be bigger... but this finding is astounding."
If the Yellowstone supervolcano were to blow today, the consequences would be catastrophic.
The last major eruption, which occurred 640,000 years ago, sent ash across the whole of North America, affecting the planet’s climate.
Now researchers believe they have a better idea of what lies beneath the ground.
The team used a network of seismometers that were situated around the park to map the magma chamber.
Dr Jamie Farrell, from the University of Utah, explained: “We record earthquakes in and around Yellowstone, and we measure the seismic waves as they travel through the ground.
“The waves travel slower through hot and partially molten material… with this, we can measure what’s beneath.”
The team found that the magma chamber was colossal. Reaching depths of between 2km and 15km (1 to 9 miles), the cavern was about 90km (55 miles) long and 30km (20 miles) wide.
It pushed further into the north east of the park than other studies had previously shown, holding a mixture of solid and molten rock.
“To our knowledge there has been nothing mapped of that size before,” added Dr Farrell.
The researchers are using the findings to better assess the threat that the volatile giant poses.
“Yes, it is a much larger system… but I don’t think it makes the Yellowstone hazard greater,” explained Prof Bob Smith.
“But what it does tell us is more about the area to the north east of the caldera.”
He added that researchers were unsure when the supervolcano would blow again.
Some believe a massive eruption is overdue, estimating that Yellowstone’s volcano goes off every 700,000 years or so.
But Prof Smith said more data was needed, because there had only been three major eruptions so far. These happened 2.1 million years ago, 1.3 million years ago and 640,000 years ago.
“You can only use the time between eruptions (to work out the frequency), so in a sense you only have two numbers to get to that 700,000 year figure,” he explained.
“How many people would buy something on the stock market on two days of stock data.”
In another study presented at the AGU Fall Meeting, researchers have been looking at other, more ancient volcanic eruptions that happened along the same stretch of continental plate that Yellowstone’s supervolcano sits on.
Dr Marc Reichow, from the University of Leicester, said: “We looked at a time window of between 12.5 to 8 million years ago. We wanted to know how to identify these eruptions and find out how frequently they happened.”
The team found there were fewer volcanic events during this period than had been estimated, but these eruptions were far larger than was previously thought.
Dr Reichow added: “If you look at older volcanoes, it helps to understand what Yellowstone is likely to do.”
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Question: A man who was attacked with a crutch is in hospital in a serious condition.

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The 39-year-old victim was hit over the head on Monday afternoon in Chesterfield, Derbyshire.
A 27-year-old man was arrested on suspicion of assault and is being questioned by police.
Derbyshire Constabulary appealed for witnesses to the assault, which happened at 15:30 BST in Beetwell Street, to contact them.

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A number of men forced their way into a house in Meadowbrook shortly after 23:00 GMT on Wednesday.
A 26-year-old man who was in the house was taken outside by the gang and shot.
He was taken to hospital and is described as being in a stable condition. Police have appealed for anyone with information to contact them.


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Question: In this latest trip down Talkback's memory lane, BBC News NI's Paddy O'Flaherty reports from inside his shower, naked, trying out a new timing device.

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7 September 2016 Last updated at 11:58 BST
The device was supplied by Northern Ireland Water to encourage people to shower in five minutes or less.

2 March 2017 Last updated at 00:00 GMT
The BBC's Chris Foxx asked Eun Jin Lim from Elrois, the company making it, whether people might find the idea strange.


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E.g.
"['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', "University College London, one of the world's leading universities, has been hit by a major cyber-attack."]" == "['', 'The university describes it as a "ransomware" attack, such as last month\'s cyber-attack which threatened NHS computer systems.\nThe attack was continuing on Thursday, with access to online networks being restricted.\nThe university has warned staff and students of the risk of data loss and "very substantial disruption".\nUniversity College London (UCL) is a "centre of excellence in cyber-security research", a status awarded by the GCHQ intelligence and monitoring service.\nThe central London university, ranked last week in the world\'s top 10, says that a "widespread ransomware attack" began on Wednesday.\nIt was first blamed on so-called "phishing" emails, with links to destructive software.\nBut later the university suggested it was more likely to be from contact with a "compromised" website, where clicking on a pop-up page might have spread a malware infection.\nRansomware attacks are where computer systems are locked and threatened with damaging software unless payments are made.\nStudents and staff were warned that "ransomware damages files on your computer and on shared drives where you save files" and were told not to open any suspicious attachments.\nThe university says that it believes the risk of further infection has been contained, but it is urging staff and students to help with efforts to reduce any "further spread of this malware".\nUniversities, which often carry out commercially sensitive research, have become frequent targets for cyber-attacks.\n"However, what makes this attack interesting is the timing," said Graham Rymer, an ethical hacker and research associate at the University of Cambridge.\n"Hackers tend to target people who will be desperate to get access to their data and are, therefore, more likely to pay the ransom.\n"Currently there are a lot of students who will be putting the final touches to their dissertations, so it could be that they were the targets."\nMr Rymer said UCL seemed to have responded well to the attack and had "locked it down pretty well".\n"One thing UCL did is to quickly switch all drives in the system to "read-only" following the attack, which essentially prevented the malware from doing real damage."\nMr Rymer said UCL may not have been the only intended target as he had seen other businesses facing the same malware.\nLast month, the National Health Service in England and Scotland was subject to a significant ransomware cyber-attack, as part of a global wave of attacks.']" != "['represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.', 'It has been awarded a Queen\'s Anniversary Prize for further and higher education.\nThe prizes, organised by the Royal Anniversary Trust, are presented every two years by the Queen to honour outstanding academic work.\nThey are part of the UK\'s national honours system.\nThe award for CSIT was announced at St James\' Palace in London on Thursday, and the prize will be formally presented at a ceremony at Buckingham Palace in February.\nCSIT is based at the Northern Ireland Science Park in Belfast\'s Titanic Quarter.\nWith about 90 staff, it is one of the UK\'s largest cyber security research centres, and develops cyber security technology to prevent online fraud, improve financial transaction safety and anti-virus programmes.\nCSIT also runs a number of courses for postgraduates in online security.\nQueen\'s University\'s vice-chancellor Professor Patrick Johnston welcomed the award and said cyber security was now a major global challenge.\n"The need for strong and resilient cyber security technologies has never been greater," he said.\n"CSIT is home to some of the world\'s foremost cyber security experts."\n"It is, and will continue to be, at the forefront of efforts to protect the UK from cyber attacks and to maintain the public\'s trust that their online privacy and data is kept safe."\nNews of the award comes two days after the Chancellor George Osborne warned that Islamic State militants are trying to develop the ability to launch deadly cyber-attacks on UK targets such as air traffic control or hospitals.']"

Question: Wales' education minister has claimed education in England has been mismanaged by the UK government.

Speaking at the NASUWT annual conference in Cardiff Bay, Huw Lewis said "ideology has been put before standards".
He claimed millions had been wasted on "vanity projects such as free schools".
The Liberal Democrats accused Mr Lewis as having double standards and the Tories said Labour was letting young people down in Wales.
Plaid Cymru has warned proposed public spending cuts by any future Labour or Conservative UK government would lead to cuts to the Welsh government's future budgets.

Mr Laws told the National Association of Head Teachers it was "time to end the period of real pay cuts" for public sector staff.
He said the Lib Dems would "draw a line in the sand" on public sector pay in any post-election negotiations.
NAHT leader Russell Hobby has warned whoever is in office to expect to hear "there is still no money".
Mr Laws, addressing the annual conference of the NAHT in Liverpool, promised that a coalition including the Liberal Democrats would increase teachers' pay from 2017.
"We will show teachers that we value you through your pay packet," he said.
"Austerity has been tough and public sector workers have made a significant contribution to balancing the books and rebuilding the economy.
"So, as we return to economic growth, from next year onwards, it's time to end the period of real pay cuts."
This election issue includes funding for schools, university tuition fees and early years education.
Policy guide: Where the parties stand
Mr Laws repeated his party's commitment to protect the education budget - arguing that this was a more watertight assurance than the promises of either Labour or the Conservatives, because it took into account both the rising number of pupils and the need for spending to rise with inflation.
"Neither the Labour party nor the Conservatives are prepared to put the money where their mouth is on education," said Mr Laws.
And he said that creating an independent standards authority to decide on the curriculum would end the problem of excessive political interference.
"It's not up to us to determine which exact works of literature or periods of history are taught," he said.
His experience as schools minister had made him "believe even more strongly that government interferes too much and too regularly in our school system".
"It should never ever be a case of us and them, politicians versus the profession.
"A culture of criticising teachers, often for nothing more than cheap headlines, is a lose-lose situation for everyone - particularly for the children passing through the education system."
Labour has campaigned on stopping academy and free schools from employing teachers without teaching qualifications - and Mr Laws said that the Liberal Democrats would also make it a requirement for teachers to have qualified teacher status.
He also said that Ofsted should be able to inspect the groups running academy chains, a move that has been opposed by their Conservative former coalition partners.
Speaking to the head teachers' conference on Friday, Labour's Tristram Hunt warned of the importance of protecting funding for early years education and claimed that 750 Sure Start centres had been forced to shut.
In response to the speech from Mr Laws, Mr Hunt said: "You can't trust a word the Liberal Democrats say. They broke their promise on tuition fees and people will not believe a word that they say on education spending."
Education Secretary Nicky Morgan has argued that the Conservatives will protect spending on education, expand the number of academies and raise standards.
A future Conservative government is promising to introduce a new re-sit test in secondary school for 100,000 pupils who get poor results in English and maths tests at the end of primary school.
The NAHT's Russell Hobby has warned that schools face a looming funding shortage and increasing difficulty in recruiting teachers and school leaders. He has also warned that schools now have to do much work that would usually be associated with social services, such as feeding and clothing children.
"What do the next five years hold for us? What do we expect and what will we do? Much that we face will happen whoever gains power," said Mr Hobby.
"To paraphrase a famous note, there is still no money. We are merely halfway through austerity and half a million more pupils are coming our way. Expect tight budgets and make every penny count."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Houses in a favela, near one of Brazil's World Cup stadiums, have been evacuated after this huge sinkhole opened up.

The massive crater is filled with debris, household items and vehicles.
The hole is just four miles from the Arena das Dunas stadium, which is set to host the Group D match between Italy and Uruguay on Tuesday.
It opened up earlier this week after a record amount of rainfall fell and has continued to grow since.
Guide: What is a sinkhole?

Part of the elevated cycle lane fell on to the rocks below when it was hit by a big wave last Friday.
Two men who were on the 50m (150ft) concrete section that collapsed died.
Several Brazilian engineering experts said the cycleway was unsafe and should be demolished.
Mr Paes says, however, that he will go ahead with the project, he told Globo television.
He said the same companies that built the cycleway, Concremat/Concrejato, would be in charge of the reconstruction.
But Mr Paes vowed to identify and punish the people responsible for the tragedy.
Last week, he said the cycleway should have been closed to the public on the day of the accident because of the rough seas, which coincided with a full moon and high tide.
Video footage showed how the wave lifted the concrete section, which was not bolted to the concrete pillars, local media reported.
An eyewitness, Damiao Pinheiro, told O Globo newspaper the waves were "huge".
He said: "People stopped on the bike lane. They were taking pictures of the waves - they were huge. Then I saw the biggest one ever.
"It lifted the cycleway and a piece came off. I saw the people falling. It is really sad."
Two bodies were recovered from the sea and laid out on the nearby beach of Sao Conrado.
Rescue teams have continued searching for up to three people who were reported missing.
Rio de Janeiro had committed to linking up all the city's coastal cycle lanes ahead of the Olympic Games. Work started in January 2014.
This section of the project was opened in January and cost 45m reais ($13m; Â£8m).
The Rio Olympic Games will be held between 5 and 21 September. The Paralympics will begin on 7 September and finish on 21 September.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Mark Gatiss has said cult comedy League of Gentlemen may return after more than a decade - with a Brexit theme.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary
------
For example, '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', "Many people focus solely on the pope as spiritual leader or even policy maker, but several cardinals have suggested that the Catholic Church needs a pope with management expertise. They have also pointed to a pressing need to reform the Vatican Curia, the central offices of the Church.\nTo appreciate the enormous task facing the next pope, secular comparisons fade in contrast with the demands of leading the oldest and largest institution in the history of the universe. The Catholic Church is 2,000 years old, has more than 1.2 billion members, and aims to reach the entire world.\nOf course, the Church is a religious institution. She organises worship, private and public, and offers spiritual formation. But she is much more. She is a humanitarian relief organisation and a global array of educational and healthcare institutions, serving Catholics and non-Catholics alike.\nShe is also a catalyst for countless research institutes and think tanks. Especially striking, in contrast with other religious communities, the Church's headquarters is based in its own sovereign state, with its own territory, diplomatic corps, judges, tribunals, financial institutions and, of course, sovereign head of state.\nThus, the Vatican coins money, prints stamps, recognises citizenship, offers passports and driver's licenses, and has embassies and other diplomatic missions with 179 sovereign states.\nFollowing the edifying example of John Paul II and Benedict XVI, the qualified candidate to be the next pope must be a spiritual leader, an internationally recognised moral authority, and a man of prayer.\nHe will also need to be capable of carrying out the executive duties of running the institutions of the Church, governing the Vatican City State, and negotiating bilateral and multilateral international accords.\nThe pope also speaks as a head of state in the UN. He actively participates in international accords regarding climate change, arms-trafficking, human-trafficking, intellectual property, border disputes, peace negotiations and bioethics.\nA long and rich theological tradition prizes the need for spiritual shepherds who also excel in management skills and the virtues of leadership. Recent developments in theology converge with components of contemporary management theory.\nTheologians increasingly emphasise that configuration in Christian holiness involves a three-fold office called tria munera that consists in governance, teaching and sanctifying.\nWhile all the baptised enjoy this three-fold office, pastors must especially excel in their leadership. To fulfil the demands of his office, the supreme pontiff must enjoy the special expertise in governance and management needed to take charge and direct the flock and therefore manage all ecclesiastical organisations, from the local parish in Papua New Guinea to the Congregation for Doctrine of the Faith at the Vatican.\nThe Church can be compared to a publicly traded corporation. She is a body and is incorporated in Christ. Both canon and civil law recognise her as a corporation. The Pope has complete executive, judicial and legislative authority because Jesus gave the first pope, St Peter, the keys to loose and to bind in Heaven and on Earth. In fact, the Pope runs a corporation and enjoys more executive powers than any other CEO.\nBut he is accountable to a board of directors: God Himself, the Blessed Trinity. Indeed, Benedict decided to resign after prayer, that is consultation with the board. And, in leaving his corporate chair empty, Benedict has assured the members of the corporation: Don't worry, you are in Jesus's hands. I have not left you without a leader at the helm.\nWith a divine board of directors and an autocratic CEO, the Church's corporate structure may seem very old-fashioned, and it is. But it also includes modern components of participatory governance - the more than one billion shareholders.\nThe shareholders can request that the pope report regarding organisation, mission, financials, growth, and future expectations for development. Indeed, although Benedict did not need anyone but God to accept his resignation, he also chose to give an account of his resignation to all of the shareholders with an update regarding corporate performance. Benedict did just that in his last audience, the day before he formally stepped down from office.\nMany have commented that the Vatican's central offices, even aside from the scandal of Vatileaks, need an overhaul, and that the most urgent task for the next pope will be organisational reform.\nThe cardinals will be considering who will be the most capable of demonstrating personal union with God and ability to teach the faith, but also to reform the Vatican in order to implement some of the efficiencies taught in today's best business schools.\nThe Vatileaks episode offered a glimpse into some of the disfunctionality, normally due to petty squabbles among internal factions within middle management, but also drew attention to the traditional feudal structure of governance within and among the offices, and how the current structures and attitudes impede the distribution of information to facilitate efficient governance, thereby hampering the Church's mission to evangelise.\nThe Rev Robert Gahl took part in  a BBC World Service discussion On The Next Pope on 15 February\nThe Next Pope\nMore from BBC World Service\nThe culture and the attitudes of governance tend toward the antiquated vertical structures of authority found in Italian public universities, not to mention Italy's notorious criminal organisations. Advancement depends upon loyalty to one's superior, who is traditionally expected to defend the department's turf from internal rivals to safeguard career advancement, often awarded more on account of seniority and credentials than for professional performance.\nThe next pope needs to be someone knowledgeable about the curia and its language and ready to open up the channels of information flow and decision-making to free the dedicated, talented men and women working in the Vatican to more effectively serve the pope and the Church's mission of evangelisation.\nSuch reform will require more effective communication, external and internal, greater transparency, and a more flexible managerial structure.\nConfidentiality must be respected and safeguarded when dealing with matters of conscience. But in the governance of behavioural affairs, the officers serving the pope need to be free, at all levels, to co-operate in concert.\nMany of the cardinals hope that the next pope will be able to bring managerial efficiencies to the Vatican to empower all of those dedicated clerics and lay people who give their lives while serving behind those ancient walls.\nGiven the need for reform, no-one should be surprised if the next pope, while drawing from his own managerial talents, were also to rely upon experts in managerial consulting while taking on organisational reform so as to better serve the mission entrusted to him by the board of directors.\nRev Robert Gahl is an associate professor of ethics at the Pontifical University of the Holy Cross in Rome and member of the Catholic Church's Opus Dei organisation"]' should be close to '['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'The new head of the oldest corporation on Earth - the Catholic Church - should have the skills of a chief executive officer, argues Reverend Robert Gahl.']'

Gatiss was a co-creator of the anarchic BBC Two show, which ended in 2002, alongside Reece Shearsmith and Steve Pemberton.
Speaking on BBC Radio 6 Music he said: "We've talked seriously about doing something, we're not quite sure what it is yet but we'd love to do something."
"I wonder if there is something Brexity in us that we can do," he added.
The League of Gentlemen ran for three series on BBC Two. A 2005 feature film called The League of Gentlemen's Apocalypse was also made.
The offbeat show originated as a stage show. Its surreal sketches were set in and around the fictional town of Royston Vasey and the local shop, owned by Edward and his wife Tubbs, would only serve local people.
Gatiss told 6 Music's Radcliffe and Maconie show that people still shout catchphrases from the series at him.
He also expressed surprise at finding the show had acquired a new young fanbase.
"It's very reassuring, and slightly alarming, to realise that the 15-year-olds who ask you about it have come to it from YouTube. They are freshly minted fans," he said.
He also said the Brexit theme idea had come to him when thinking Britain had "become a local country for local people".
The League of Gentlemen earned Gatiss and his colleagues a Bafta Television Award, a Royal Television Society Award and the prestigious Golden Rose of Montreux.
Shearsmith and Pemberton reunited in 2009 to create a similarly dark BBC sitcom, Psychoville, which featured an episode guest-starring Gatiss.
Gatiss also plays Mycroft Holmes in BBC drama Sherlock, which he co-created, and he has written for, and appeared in, Doctor Who.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

The classic 1970s sitcom starred her father Richard Beckinsale as Lenny Godber, cellmate to Ronnie Barker's Norman Stanley Fletcher.
Porridge will return for a special episode, again written by Dick Clement and Ian La Frenais.
Set 40 years on, Kevin Bishop will play Fletcher's prison inmate grandson.
Nicknamed "Fletch" Fletcher, Nigel is behind bars for a series of cyber crimes.
Beckinsale said in an interview for Radio 5 live, Afternoon Edition:  "I don't think that's such a terrible idea. I think that's quite nice really.
"When it's beloved characters and a beloved project, it's quite nice to have an imaginary, 'what is their grandson doing?'"
But Beckinsale, whose new film is Love & Friendship - a romantic comedy based on Jane Austen's novel Lady Susan - has no desire to make a cameo in her father's old show.
"In Porridge? You've got to be joking. It's a boy's prison. I'm not that versatile. Tea lady?"
Her father died from cardiac arrest at the age of 31 in 1979.
He appeared in all three series of Porridge between 1974 and 1977 and finished making the film version a few weeks before his death.
Beckinsale, who starred in 2012's reboot of Total Recall, which originally starred Arnold Schwarzenegger, does not now believe remakes are a good idea, she says.
"I think it's a shame sometimes when they take something that is almost perfect or perfect and then remake it. That's a silly idea.
"They should remake things that aren't very good and have another go at it."
The new episode of Porridge will be broadcast this summer as part of a landmark sitcom season to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the start of Hancock's Half Hour on BBC TV.
It will include contemporary follow-ups to Are You Being Served?, Keeping Up Appearances and Up Pompeii! while lost episodes of Steptoe and Son, Till Death Do Us Part and Hancock's Half Hour will be remade from their original scripts for BBC Four.
The interview with Kate Beckinsale can be heard on Radio 5 live's Afternoon Edition on Tuesday 31 May at 1300.
Love & Friendship is currently in UK cinemas.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Durham have signed South African top-order batsman Gareth Harte on a contract until the end of the season.

Harte, 24, impressed for the county's second XI against Northants last week, scoring 183 off 218 balls as opener.
He can bat anywhere in the top-order, but may replace opener Stephen Cook, who will miss the next two games training with South Africa.
The former MCC Young Cricketer has previously played second XI cricket for Kent, Sussex, Middlesex and Somerset.
Harte, who holds a UK passport, could make his debut in Durham's One-Day Cup match against Nottinghamshire on Thursday.
Durham are fourth in the One-Day Cup North Group, with three wins from five games.

Philander, who signed for Sussex in December, will now be unavailable for the Sharks in their One-Day Cup games.
The 31-year-old South Africa international is expected back for four County Championship games before his contract ends in the middle of June.
He scored 21 runs and failed to take a wicket as Sussex lost their season opener to Kent by 226 runs.
Meanwhile, Sussex have confirmed that they have brought in former Leicestershire opening batsman Angus Robson on a season-long trial.
The 25-year-old, who left the Foxes by mutual consent on 11 April, will be able to play for Sussex's second team with a view to earning a contract for next season.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A rare restored Russian chimneypiece, said to be one of only two of its kind in the world, has been returned to its grand former home.

Cliffe Castle Museum now houses the object that was displayed at London's Crystal Palace Exhibition in 1851.
It was acquired by millionaire textile manufacturer Henry Isaac Butterfield when he created Cliffe Castle in Keighley in the late 19th Century.
The piece was made in St Petersburg from malachite a green, copper mineral.
The ornate fire surround was bought at auction by Mr Butterfield in 1880. In the 1950s it was removed to another house and Cliffe Castle was turned into a museum. When the chimneypiece's latest owner died, it was bequeathed back to the museum.
One similar piece survives at the Kremlin Palace in Moscow, according to Cliffe Castle.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The 18th Century work, Ganymede and the Eagle, is by Italian sculptor Massimiliano Soldani-Benzi.
It is being sold at auction in Edinburgh later this week by Lyon & Turnbull.
Douglas Girton, a specialist with the company, said it was a "major discovery of an extremely rare item".
"We were conducting a routine valuation when we came across the bronze," he said. "Nothing is known of its origins, how it came to be in the family's possession or where it had come from."
"After extensive research we can say that it is the long lost bronze originally ordered by Lord Burlington during his five-day visit to Florence during his Grand Tour of late 1714 from the sculptor Soldani.
"There is a copy in the Fitzwilliam Museum in Cambridge, but this was probably done at a later date."
Soldani-Benzi, who was born in 1656 and lived until 1740, was an Italian sculptor and medallist, mainly active in Florence.
Mr Girton said a companion bronze to the one found in the Borders was also made.
"It's out there somewhere and it would be wonderful if the two bronzes could be reunited," he said.
The exact location of the discovery has not been revealed.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A man has died after two cars were involved in a crash in Shropshire.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The man, who is described as middle aged, was confirmed dead at the scene by paramedics responding to the incident.
The crash happened on the B4176 between Upper Aston and Upper Ludstone at about 22:00 BST on Tuesday.
A 27-year-old man who was driving the other vehicle is being treated at Queen Elizabeth Hospital in Birmingham for pelvic injuries.
More on this and other stories from Shropshire

A 25-year-old man suffered wrist injuries in the car park of the Miller and Carter restaurant in Hemingway Road just before 19:00 GMT on Saturday.
His injuries are not believed to be life threatening and police took him to the University Hospital of Wales.
A stolen car was abandoned nearby after being involved in a collision.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Cammy Bell says new Dundee United manager Ray McKinnon was the reason he turned down top-flight football for another season in the Championship.

Bell has signed a two-year contract at Tannadice after leaving Rangers and was instantly impressed by McKinnon.
"I spoke to a couple of managers in the top flight and a couple of teams down south," said the 29-year-old keeper.
"I spoke to the manager here early on in the month and I had kind of made my mind up."
McKinnon, who was in charge of Raith Rovers last season, took over from Mixu Paatelainen after the Finn was sacked following United's relegation from the Premiership.
"It was just the way he came across and sometimes you need to go with your gut feeling," said Bell.
"He came across so well and so determined. I knew this was the club for me."
Out of favour at Rangers, Bell cut a frustrated figure last season at Ibrox as he spent the season on the treatment table and then on the bench as Wes Foderingham kept him out of the team.
"It was difficult," he said. "Starting off, I was injured for the first five months of the season, so that was hard.
"When I got back fit, obviously the manager brought in a new goalkeeper, so I thought I was going out on loan, but things changed and it didn't happen.
"I ended up sitting on the bench, which I didn't really want to do.
"Wes had a good season, so I couldn't go chapping on the door too much.
"I had a chat with the manager at the end of the season and it was all agreed that I could go and try and find first-team football and, when Dundee United spoke to my agent, things started moving on."
Bell believes United should be in the top six of the Premiership and is determined not only to help the club return there but recapture the form that led to his solitary Scotland cap in 2010.
"We know it is going to be difficult," he added. "The Championship is a really difficult league - I have been there two years now.
"We have got a really strong squad and I am sure the boys will be up to the challenge.
"After the last year I have had at Rangers, I am really determined to get my career back on track and prove I am the goalkeeper I was."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

Accies had announced at the end of last season that the 27-year-old had decided to return to his homeland.
But the right-back, who joined Accies in January after leaving PAOK, has now agreed a new deal.
Skondras, who made 18 appearances for the Scottish Premiership club, will be available for Saturday's League Cup game at home to Queen of the South.