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Question: More than 15,000 unsafe hoverboards - otherwise known as self-balancing scooters - have been seized at ports and airports around the UK.

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Trading Standards officers said the boards were in danger of overheating, exploding or catching fire.
Hoverboards, which are popular with celebrities including Lilly Allen, are expected to be big Christmas sellers.
The London Fire Brigade said at least three house fires were caused by such devices over 10 days in October.
Many have plugs without fuses, faulty cables or chargers that can burst into flames, according to Trading Standards.
It said that 88% of the hoverboards it seized around the UK were found to be defective.
Most were discovered at the Suffolk port of Felixstowe, but others arrived at East Midlands airport and in Glasgow.
The faulty devices are thought to have come from East Asia and China and do not conform to European safety standards.
Most are not branded and have been ordered by websites or small traders to sell on to bargain-hunting shoppers.
"We suspect that most of these products are being imported for onward sale domestically as Christmas approaches. We urge consumers to be on their guard when purchasing these products," said Lord Harris, the chair of National Trading Standards.
Consumers are being advised, as a minimum, to check that the three-pin plug conforms to BS 1363.
Safety laboratories have been so busy testing suspect products that they have had to take on extra staff.
Trading Standards is now giving the following tips to consumers who are thinking of buying a hoverboard or who may already have done so:
"Consumers should not let a new fashion or craze cloud their judgement and remain vigilant at all times," said Leon Livermore, chief executive of the Chartered Trading Standards Institute.
Trading Standards officers in Salford, Greater Manchester, seized 90 hoverboards last month, citing similar safety worries.
Fires have also been reported in the US, Australia and Hong Kong.
Hoverboards are so called because of a similar device seen in the 1989 film, Back to the Future 2.
But it is illegal in the UK to ride them on pavements, or on roads. They can only be used on private land.
Anyone who finds such products for sale is being urged to contact the Citizens Advice helpline, on 03454 04 05 06.

The officials confiscated all the company's one-wheeled vehicles and took down its signs after a Silicon Valley-based rival filed a patent infringement claim.
The case is set to return to court in a week's time.
The Chinese firm, Changzhou First International Trade, told the BBC it did not believe it had broken the law.
It claimed it had developed its hoverboard a long time ago and had hidden it until now to avoid it being copied by other Chinese firms. It added that this was the first time it had been involved in such an incident.
A spokeswoman for the US Department of Justice told the BBC: "A court order has been served in a civil case involving private litigation."
She added that while it was not uncommon for the US marshals to be involved in such action, she could not recall another case happening at a trade show.
Footage of the incident has been posted online by the news agency Bloomberg.
While there are many companies exhibiting hoverboards at CES, the Chinese firm's models - which it calls Surfing Electric Scooters - were unusual for having a single central wheel rather than one at each end.
This is similar to California-based Future Motion's Onewheel vehicle, which uses sensors and computer controls to keep the board balanced.
"We have design and utility patents that cover our invention," Future Motion's founder Kyle Doerksen told the BBC.
"When we got word that a company was exhibiting a knock-off product, we engaged in the formal process, which involved sending a cease and desist letter and then getting a restraining order, which was then enforced by the US marshals.
"As a company that launched ourselves at CES two years ago, we know that the world is watching.
"And we knew that this was a situation where they could do real damage to our business if we just allowed them to violate our patents."
Changzhou currently lists its device for $550 (Â£375) on the Alibaba shopping site, which is about a third of the price of the Onewheel.
There are two patents involved in the case:
"Punitive measures could include a permanent injunction preventing Changzhou from selling the product in the US, monetary damages including lost profits we can prove due to infringing sales, and even attorney's fees if the court decides it's an exceptionally egregious case of wilful patent infringement," said Future Motion's lawyer Shawn Kolitch.
He added that Future Motion had patents pending elsewhere including in China, which it hoped to obtain in order to stop Changzhou manufacturing the device.
This is not the first controversy hoverboards have faced at CES.
Ahead of the event starting, its organiser announced that attendees were banned from using any type of the vehicles to get about its showfloors.
Dozens of universities and other institutions in the US had earlier banned their use and most of the country's airlines have also refused to carry them.
The problem is two-fold.
They have been involved in incidents where people have been injured or killed when the rider lost control.
And some of the gadgets have burst into flames as a result of problems with their batteries, leading to concerns that some manufacturers are not following safety standards.
Read and watch more from CES and follow the BBC team covering the event on Twitter.


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Question: Catriona Matthew is to be inducted into Scottish golf's hall of fame.

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The 46-year-old, Scotland's most successful female tour professional, is to receive a Lifetime Achievement Award at next year's Scottish Golf Awards.
Previous recipients include Paul Lawrie, Colin Montgomerie, Sam Torrance, Sandy Lyle and, most recently, Bernard Gallacher.
Matthew, who continues to play on the LPGA Tour, said: "I am simply thrilled to accept this award."
The Scot, currently 61st in the world rankings, has expressed her desire to captain Europe's Solheim Cup team at Gleneagles in 2019 and is hopeful of representing Team GB at golf's return to the Olympic Games in Brazil next summer.
"I've been fortunate to have enjoyed a successful career over 21 years as a professional and I believe there is still more I can achieve in the coming years," she added.

The 36-year-old captained Great Britain to a historic first Olympic hockey gold by beating defending champions the Netherlands at Rio 2016.
She was named flagbearer for Team GB at the Olympic closing ceremony.
The Mancunian was also the first hockey player to be nominated for BBC's Sports Personality of the Year, where she finished sixth overall.
Britain's most-capped player retired from international hockey in August, after winning 375 caps in a 17-year international career.
Richardson-Walsh became an OBE in February, having been awarded an MBE in 2014 for services to hockey.
Fans can vote for who they want to appear in the hall of fame, with the winner announced in this summer's EuroHockey Championships in Amsterdam.


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Question: A man has been killed by a hit-and-run van driver in Birmingham.

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The pedestrian was hit by a white Transit van at about 06:25 GMT on Saturday on Aldridge Road, near Perry Barr greyhound stadium.
West Midlands Police said the man died at the scene and the van driver did not stop during or after the crash.
The force has started an investigation and is appealing for witnesses and calling on the motorist to come forward.

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The 20-year-old Audi driver and a 19-year-old passenger died in hospital.
A 20-year-old woman, also a passenger in the Audi, remains in hospital with life-threatening injuries after the collision northbound on the M18, near junction three at 22:20 BST on Monday.
The lorry driver, 46, was arrested on suspicion of causing serious injury by dangerous driving and bailed.


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Question: Schools in Wales should teach three to seven year olds mainly through the medium of Welsh within 20 years, Plaid Cymru has said.

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Half of English-medium schools should be doing it within 10 years but Welsh-speaking areas would be the priority for its new Foundation Phase policy.
Education spokesman Simon Thomas said bilingualism was "a valuable skill".
The National Union of Teachers said there was "merit" in the plan but asked if sufficient teachers could be found.
Plaid Cymru was launching its language strategies ahead of May's general election at an event in Newcastle Emlyn, Carmarthenshire, on Friday.
"Accessing services and operating in the workplace in their language of choice is a basic right for all the people of Wales," said Mr Thomas.
"Nowhere is this right more important than in our schools and playgrounds where the foundations of children's confidence to converse in Welsh is formed.
"We know that bilingualism is a valuable skill and benefits children's cognitive development."
Owen Hathway, Wales policy officer for the National Union of Teachers, said there was "merit" in the plan but added that "finding enough teachers capable, and wishing, to teach through the medium of Welsh can be difficult".
Rex Phillips, national official in Wales for the NASUWT, asked whether Plaid Cymru had considered "parental choice and the views of pupils, teachers and the wider education workforce before making this announcement".

Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol launched five years ago and, while universities in Wales signed up to it, it cannot award its own degrees.
Education Secretary Kirsty Williams wants to look at its future role.
One option could see the addition of further education for post-16 students.
After operating for five years, Ms Williams said now is the "right time" to consider what direction it takes and she will appoint a chairperson to oversee the review.
When it launched in 2011, the college received £1m a year and 109 students were awarded scholarships worth between £1,500 and £3,000 over three years.
The funding comes from the Higher Education Funding Council for Wales, which needs to find £11m of savings.
On Tuesday, Ms Williams' Liberal Democrat party launched a campaign to implement its manifesto commitment of expanding the Coleg's remit to include further education in addition to higher education.
Spokesman Cadan ap Tomos said: "Aspiring plumbers and carers should have just as much opportunity to learn their skills in Welsh as historians or lawyers.
"Expanding the Coleg's remit would equip more young people with work-based Welsh language skills, helping the Welsh language become the language of choice in even more workplaces."
He described the college as having a "transformational impact" on the "breadth and quality of Welsh language higher education".
The Welsh Language Society Cymdeithas yr Iaith Gymraeg said: "Broadening the Coleg Cymraeg's responsibility to include post-16 education would be a very exciting and important development."


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Question: Senior Tory Lord Heseltine has said he will rebel against the government when peers debate the bill giving Theresa May the authority to trigger Brexit.

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He said he would support an opposition amendment in the House of Lords demanding MPs get a meaningful vote on the deal reached with the EU.
Writing in the Mail on Sunday, he denied this would be a "confrontation".
But Home Secretary Amber Rudd told ITV's Peston on Sunday programme: "I hope he will reconsider."
Last week peers gave an unopposed second reading to the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill, following a two-day debate involving more than 180 speakers.
MPs have already backed the proposed law, authorising Prime Minister Theresa May to inform the EU of the UK's intention to leave.
Opposition peers want to amend the bill at a later date to guarantee the rights of EU citizens in Britain and the role of Parliament in scrutinising the process.
As the government does not have a majority in the Lords, it is vulnerable to being outvoted if opposition peers - including Labour's 202 and the 102 Lib Dems - join forces.
Mrs May has said she wants to invoke Article 50 of the 2009 Lisbon Treaty - the formal two-year mechanism by which a member state must leave the EU - by the end of March, and the government has warned the House of Lords not to frustrate the process.
Lord Heseltine wrote in the Mail on Sunday: "The fightback starts here. My opponents will argue that the people have spoken, the [Brexit] mandate secured and the future cast. My experience stands against this argument."
He also wrote: "This is not a confrontation with the government. It is to ensure the Commons can exercise its authority over the defining issue of our time."
The former deputy prime minister, whose leadership challenge to Margaret Thatcher helped trigger her exit from Number 10 in 1990, campaigned for Remain in the run-up to the referendum.
He has been a long-standing supporter of the EU within the Conservative Party and backed the idea of the UK joining the single currency.
Ms Rudd said: "The fact is the House of Commons, which he was such a fantastic member of in his time, did pass it by a big majority
"I hope he will reconsider. There'll be plenty of opportunities to debate."
Labour backed the government in backing the bill in the Commons.
In a speech to the Scottish Labour Party conference in Perth, Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn said: "I accept that Brexit has unleashed uncertainty, instability and concern amongst many, many people. But we cannot simply wish away the result.
"Can you imagine the reaction from those 17 million people, including one million from Scotland, who voted to leave the European Union if we simply ignored them?"
However, Gina Miller, the investment manager who brought the successful legal challenge against the government, forcing the Article 50 issue to a vote in Parliament, accused the Commons of "cowardice" in giving the bill a "rubber stamp".
She told the Independent: "I am hoping the Lords actually do what they should be doing constitutionally, exercising their parliamentary sovereignty, being independent, scrutinising the government and looking to put in amendments."
Appearing on BBC One's Andrew Marr Show, she also said: "The will of the people does not negate the weight or wisdom of the Houses of Parliament."
But Conservative Party chairman Sir Patrick McLoughlin told the same programme: "The bill got an overwhelming majority, one of the biggest majorities a bill has got on its third reading in the House of Commons and it's gone to the House of Lords.
"The prime minister has said that there will be a vote once the negotiations are concluded. The prime minister won't conclude the negotiations if she thinks she's got a bad deal."
The Leader of the House of Commons, David Lidington, told BBC Radio 4's The Westminster Hour: "We'll listen, with respect as always, to the Lords when they debate the bill."
But he added that he hoped peers would not amend it, suggesting that to do so would go against the will of the people: "I still hope that the Lords will, at the end of the day, accept that this bill is in a particular position, unusual position, because of the referendum result."
Richard Tice, co-chairman of the pro-Brexit Leave Means Leave campaign, said: "It is of little surprise that Lord Heseltine - who has historically put the interests of the European Union ahead of those of Britain - will try to sabotage Article 50.
"Lord Heseltine's attempt to weaken the position of the prime minister ahead of negotiations with the EU is a truly unpatriotic act."

The Supreme Court's judgement follows an appeal against the High Court's rejection of ministers' arguments.
Theresa May says the government already has powers to invoke Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty - starting Brexit talks - by the end of March.
But campaigners say Parliament must be consulted before she does so.
Labour has already said it will not vote against the government over invoking Article 50.


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Question: The BBC is to stream live coverage of a major e-gaming contest for the first time.

BBC Three will show highlights of the quarter-finals of the League of Legends World Championships on its website.
The event, at Wembley Stadium next week, will be presented by BBC Radio 1 DJ Dev Griffin.
League of Legends is an online role-playing battle game played by some 27 million users every day, according to US developers Riot Games.
Teams compete in a 3D battle arena and each game lasts between 20 and 60 minutes.
This year's championship, which sees gamers compete with each other live on stage, is spread out across multiple European cities.
Teams from Europe, Asia and North America will take part, and the finals will be hosted at the Mercedes-Benz Arena in Berlin on 31 October.
The total prize pool for the championship is $2m (Â£1.3m), with the winning team set to take home $1m.
In 2014, some 70 million hours of footage from the games were watched worldwide, according to the game's developers.
BBC Three will collaborate with BBC Sport on the broadcast, using the platform previously used for live sporting events and the Glastonbury festival.
Live and pre-recorded video would "sit side by side" with text, audio and social-network commentary, said the channel.
BBC Three controller Damian Kavanagh said: "We jumped at the chance to collaborate with BBC Sport and bring this massive UK event to a wider audience.
"BBC Three will always experiment with new ways to deliver content that young people want, in ways they want.
"I think this is an exciting way to cover something millions of young Brits love, in a BBC Three way."

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Media playback is not supported on this device
You can watch a highlights programme from the first round of the FA People's Cup on the iPlayer.


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Question: Oil prices are too low for the taste of Opec, the Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries.

So the oil producers' group has agreed in principle to take action to try and lift the price, in the shape of a target for how much the member countries will produce.
A meeting of the group's energy ministers in Vienna will try to hammer out the details. And that is where the devil lies.
Opec currently consists of 14 members, more than half of them in the Middle East and North Africa, including the organisation's biggest player, Saudi Arabia.
The background to what is likely to be a difficult meeting, is an oil price hovering around the mid-$40 a barrel. While that is well up from the lows it hit early this year of around $26 a barrel it is still less than half the level it reached in June 2014.
Perhaps more importantly, it is far too low for the government finances of Opec countries.
It has taken the group a long time to agree that they will try to put some sort of restraint on production.
It has been the rise of the US shale industry in the last ten years that has been one of the main factors driving prices lower. It completely transformed the market in the US for crude oil.
The US now needs to import less oil and this impact has reverberated throughout the international crude oil market.
When prices fell Opec sat on their hands. The group did not cut production as in previous episodes of falling prices in an attempt to reverse what many regard as an unwelcome development.
It is true that some Opec members would have liked to see production cuts - especially if the effort were led by Saudi Arabia as it had often been in the past - but the all-important Saudis were reluctant.
This was partly because they wanted other Opec producers to take more of the burden of cutting, it is thought - and partly to hurt the American industry.
The Saudi strategy was said to be to allow prices to stay low to hurt US shale oil producers and force some out of business. But the strategy of maintaining the price pressure on US shale failed to get the results the Saudis wanted.
Yes low prices have made some difference. Crude oil production in the US (the total including both shale and more conventional wells) is 6% lower this year. The International Energy Agency predicts another modest decline in 2017.
But it has not been enough to get prices to anything like the kind of level that Opec member countries want. And it has taken time for the decline in the US to come though.
The price fall started in mid-2014, yet US production rose in the following year - when prices were sharply lower. In fact, the US is still producing more than it did in 2014.
So now the Saudis have agreed in principle to go along with the more traditional Opec approach of cutting production in response to prices they consider too low, in a bid to drive them higher.
At a meeting in Algiers in September they agreed in principle to a new production target of 32.5 to 33 million barrels a day.
But according to the International Energy Agency  the group produced more than that in October - a total of 33.83 million barrels a day.
So Opec would need to make more cuts if they are to actually implement an agreement consistent with this new target. And they appear to be struggling.
Ahead of the minsters' gathering at Opec headquarters in Vienna, officials have been trying to pave the way for a deal.
But reports suggest it is proving difficult. As always with Opec, countries are keen on the higher prices  an agreement would yield, but less keen to make the production cuts themselves.
Several have reservations about reducing their own output, including Iraq and Iran - which is reluctant to accept restrictions as it tries to regain a share of the market after emerging from US sanctions.
In addition, Opec would like some non-members, notably Russia, to cooperate and make cuts themselves.
So a deal won't be easy to achieve in Vienna and even harder to implement. Opec members have a history of failing to comply with their own output limits.
Some commentators think they will manage some sort of face-saving compromise that doesn't commit any of them to departing very far from the production levels they were planning anyway.
Some say the danger for Opec is that if they can agree something that pushes prices up, American shale producers will be able to make advance sales, or "hedge" at those higher prices.
That would enable them to keep producing without being hit even if prices do slip back later - which could happen if Opec fails to comply with any production limit to which it might agree.

Venezuelan officials confirmed that Russia, Saudi Arabia and Qatar have agreed to meet next month.
Oil prices have tumbled 70% since mid-2014 due to a excess of supply and sluggish demand.
Earlier this month Saudi Arabia and Russia agreed to freeze oil output at January levels. But there's scepticism over what they can achieve.
"It's the Venezuela headline that got the market excited enough to rebound, though it's baffling why as everyone knows of this meeting and that it's not going to achieve anything," said John Kilduff, partner at Again Capital, a New York energy hedge fund.
Saudia Arabia has been maintaining its level of oil production, despite falling prices, in a move designed to force higher-cost producers out of the market.
But that's been very costly for nations that rely on revenue from oil, so there's pressure for Saudi Arabia and other big producers to co-ordinate a cut in production.
At around 19:30 GMT, North Sea Brent Crude was trading at $35.55 a barrel, up $1.14 or 3.3%.


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Question: Wolfsburg forward Nicklas Bendtner has been fined for turning up 45 minutes late for training after sleeping through his alarm.

The Bundesliga club handed the 28-year-old a 2,250 euros (£1,768) fine - 50 euros for every minute.
"I didn't hear my alarm," the Denmark international told Germany's Bild newspaper. "It's my mistake."
The striker was also punished last month after posting a photo of himself alongside his Mercedes car, when Wolfsburg's policy only allows employees to turn up to training in a Volkswagen.
Nicknamed 'Lord Bendtner' by the German press, the player was once fined £80,000 and banned for a game by Uefa for revealing sponsored underwear after scoring against Portugal in Euro 2012.
And he was also fined by former club Arsenal in 2014 for an unauthorised trip to Copenhagen.

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How wrong he was.
Now after a tumultuous seven days in which he has also been publicly admonished for his Nutella addiction and forced to build a chicken coop in dungarees, the 28-year-old has been dropped from the Germany squad for the friendly against England in Berlin on Saturday.
The sanction imposed by his Bundesliga club was 25,000 euros (£20,000), meaning Kruse's misdemeanours have left him almost £80,000 poorer - not to mention the considerable dents to his pride and blood sugar levels.
As if all that was not enough, he was photographed at a night club at the weekend where he grabbed a woman's mobile phone and tried to delete the pictures, according to German newspaper Bild.
Germany manager Joachim Low was not sympathetic, saying: "We need players who are focused on football and also understand their role as role models.
"I talked with Max about what I expect from players on and off the pitch. His actions in the last weeks were unprofessional."
According to Bild, the trouble began in October, after Kruse enjoyed a successful evening at the World Series Poker tournament in Berlin.
Sadly, his joy was short-lived, as the cash suffered a fate familiar to countless Bundesliga defenders: left trailing in Kruse's wake.
The striker contacted the police but the money has never been recovered, and to add to insult to injury, he was reprimanded by Wolfsburg last week after the incident was made public.
To make matters worse, Kruse could not even seek solace in his favourite comfort food.
Wolfsburg director Klaus Allofs confronted him at the club's winter training camp and told him to kick the chocolate hazelnut spread into touch, Bild reported.
"The aim is to support our players to deliver optimum performance," Allofs said. "Max needs to correct a few things."
Deprived of his sugary fix, there remained one final indignity for Kruse.
As part of Wolfsburg's community programme, he was sent to help out at a youth group - where he was snapped in a fetching pair of green dungarees, taking part in the construction of a chicken coop.
So far, it has not been a month to remember for Wolfsburg's strikers: last week Nicklas Bendtner was fined 2,250 euros (£1,750) after sleeping through his alarm clock and missing training.


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Question: Footballers may have to sign disclaimers to prevent them suing over dementia and other brain injuries, a former head of the SFA has predicted.

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Gordon Smith also repeated his calls for children under the age of 12 to be banned from heading footballs.
It emerged at the weekend that former Celtic captain Billy McNeill has dementia and is unable to speak.
His family have called for more research into possible links between heading and dementia.
Mr Smith, who was chief executive of the Scottish Football Association between 2007 and 2010, played for Manchester City when Mr McNeill was the manager in the 1980s.
He told the BBC's Good Morning Scotland programme that Mr McNeill had told him how, during his own playing career, he would regularly have someone kick 50 balls at him after training and attempt to head them as far up the park as he could.
Mr Smith said: "It came home to me once I found out the problem he had - I thought there must be some sort of correlation between what he did then and the types of ball that you had in those days, which were a lot heavier, more solid."
Mr Smith said he did not want heading to be banned from the adult game, but added: "I think there might be a scenario where eventually players would have to sign some sort of form that says they are not going to take action at a later date.
"A disclaimer form (saying) that if you are playing football then heading is part of the game, you accept that and you get on with it.
"I think that might be the way ahead because we don't want to see the game change - heading is a tremendous part of the game and I don't want it taken out of football."
Research published by Stirling University last year found "small but significant changes in brain function" after players headed the ball 20 times.
The study found that memory performance was reduced by between 41% and 67% in the 24 hours after routine heading practice.
Mr Smith said he wanted to see the potential link between brain injuries, dementia and football examined in greater detail.
He pointed out that footballs are now much lighter than they were in 1950s and 60s, and that children under the age of 12 play seven-a-side games in which there is hardly any heading.
But he called for Scotland to follow the American model by imposing a total ban on heading by any child under the age of 12.
At the weekend, Mr McNeill's wife, Liz, told the Sunday Mail and the Scottish Sun on Sunday about her husband's battle with the degenerative brain disease since being diagnosed seen years ago.
She decided to make his illness public ahead of the 50th anniversary of Mr McNeill becoming the first British captain to lift the European Cup when Celtic defeated Italian club Internazionale in Lisbon in May 1967.
Mrs McNeill said: "I think it's the right time for us to talk about this now. Heading the ball and the possibilities of concussive effects on the brain needs more discussion.
"We don't know if Billy's dementia is linked to his football. More research needs to be done."
Luke Griggs, of brain injury charity Headway, claimed the football authorities in the UK had been "dragging their heels" over the issue for years.
He added: "When it comes to heading footballs the reality is that we don't have enough evidence yet to draw a meaningful conclusion, and that is something that should have been rectified a long time ago.
"Urgent action needs to be taken now not only to give answers to families of footballers who were playing in the old era of heavy footballs, but also to give reassurance to families of children who are playing today that their kids are safe playing this sport."
Last year, the Football Association in England said it would lead a study into possible links between football and brain diseases.
It followed a campaign by the family of former England, West Brom and Notts County striker Jeff Astle, who died from brain trauma in 2002.
A coroner described his illness as an "industrial disease", in reference to him heading leather balls during his career.
An estimated 93,000 people have dementia in Scotland - about 3,200 of whom are under the age of 65.

The Canadian, who played 10 seasons with six teams, was found dead in his home in Toronto in February aged 35.
According to court papers, he had 15 documented concussions in his career.
The suit was filed on behalf of his son, Morrison, and other family members by his father, Paul.
Montador Sr said his son suffered from depression, memory problems and erratic behaviour and was involved in 69 on-ice fist fights during his NHL career.
"During regular-season NHL games, pre-season NHL games, NHL practices and morning skates prior to NHL games, Steven Montador sustained thousands of sub-concussive brain traumas and multiple concussions, many of which were undiagnosed and/or undocumented," claimed the suit.
According to Associated Press, several years before his death, the player had decided to donate his brain to the Canadian Sports Concussion Project.
In May, three months after his death, researchers confirmed Montador's brain had chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), the brain disease that has been linked to repeated head trauma.
"The NHL continues to ignore the lasting problems caused by multiple head traumas suffered by its players," Paul Montador said in a statement.
"Tragedies like that of my son Steven will continue until the problem is addressed. The NHL knows, but denies, that years of repeated head injuries cause long-term brain problems."
NHL commissioner Gary Bettman declined to comment on the case, and said the league was not going to litigate the case publicly. Deputy commissioner Bill Daly said in an email the "claims made in the lawsuit are without factual or legal merit".
In April, the National Football League reached a settlement of a lawsuit brought by former players over concussions that could cost the NFL $1bn (£665m) and a US federal appeals court is considering whether the settlement figure is sufficient.
In Britain, rising fears over head injuries across all sports prompted the Football Association to issue new guidelines earlier this month to all involved with the game on how to deal with concussions.
World Rugby's chief medical officer Martin Raftery recently told the BBC the sport's rules may have to change to reduce concussions. with reported concussions doubling in five years.


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Question: The number of home repossession cases going through Scottish courts has fallen by more than 40% in a year, according to government figures.

There were 1,874 repossession court cases started in 2015-16 - 82% fewer than in 2008-2009.
The latest Civil Justice Statistics also showed that the number of divorces in Scotland was it its lowest for almost 40 years.
There were a total of 77,721 civil law cases in 2015-16.
The number of cases has been roughly similar over the last three years, but is 41% fewer than in 2008-2009.
Last year there were 8,875 divorces, the lowest number recorded in Scotland since 1979.
Divorces and dissolutions made up 95% of the 12,892 family cases started in 2015-16, an overall figure which has fallen by 13% since 2008-2009.
Legal Affairs Minister Annabelle Ewing said: "I am pleased there has been such a dramatic fall in the number of people seeing their homes being repossessed, which continues a longer term downward trend.
"This is thanks largely to historically low interest rates and is a positive indicator of Scotland's general economic picture.
"The overall number of civil cases, which includes debt, damages and personal injury has fallen by over 40% in just seven years which is very encouraging."

Its survey, based on analysis of about 20,000 properties, suggested that average monthly rent paid by private tenants rose to Â£846.
The increase was sharpest in the South East of England.
The annual rise in this region of 14.9% was explained by a ripple effect from high rents in London.
London had the highest average monthly rents, at Â£1,273, the survey suggested.
Adrian Gill, director of Your Move, said: "The UK's vote to leave the European Union has not caused any immediate change in the rental market, although we must wait for longer term trends to develop."
Tenants' finances worsened in July, with 9% of tenancies having arrears of a day or more, up from 8.4% in June. This was still well below a high of 14.6% recorded in February 2010.
The survey follows figures from the Office for National Statistics, which found that rental prices paid by tenants in Britain rose by 2.4% in the 12 months to July.
Where can I afford to live?


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Question: A network of 12 hubs should be established across Wales to help more pupils get into Oxford and Cambridge universities, according to a report.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

For example, '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The study says that tree-based farming provides resilience against extreme weather events, which can wipe out traditional food crops.\nIt warns that policies focusing on traditional agriculture often overlook the role forest farming could play.\nThe findings were presented at the UN Forum on Forests in New York, US.\nThe report is the result of a collaboration of more than 60 leading scientists, co-ordinated by the International Union of Forest Research Organisations (IUFRO) on behalf of the Collaborative Partnership on Forests (CPF).\n"The report is not trying to suggest that people should start relying on forests more than conventional agriculture," explained Bhaskar Vira, the chair of the panel which compiled the report.\n"It is very much about the complementary roles that forests can play alongside conventional agriculture.\n"The evidence shows that a large number of people still rely on the food from forests and trees to supplement their diet," Dr Vira, director of the University of Cambridge Conservation Research Institute.\nBranching out\nGlobal estimates suggest that one-in-nine people are still suffering from hunger, and the majority of them are in Africa and Asia.\nThe report highlights a range of measures that offer "great potential" to improve food security and improve people\'s quality of life.\nIt calculates that almost one-in-six people directly depend on forests for their food and income. It adds that in the Sahel region of Africa, tree-related production contributes an average of 80% to household incomes, particularly from shea nut production.\nThe report also highlights the importance of forests as a source of firewood and charcoal, essential to enable people to consume the calories found in conventional food crops. Globally, an estimated 2.4bn people use this renewable fuel source for heating and cooking.\nMore than wood\nThe authors also emphasise links between forests and conventional farming. For example, forests are a crucial habitat for key pollinators of many food crops. Without forests, the vital ecosystem service provided by birds and insects would be diminished, resulting in increased food security concerns.\n"This report reminds us of the vital role of forests in building food security," observed Thomas Gass, assistant secretary-general for policy in the UN Department for Economic and Social Affairs.\n"It makes a convincing case for multi-functional and integrated landscape approaches, and for community-level engagement to re-imagine forestry and agriculture systems."\nAnother benefit lies in forests\' ability to add diversity to the food production system, explained Christoph Wildburger, co-ordinator of the IUFRO Global Forest Expert Panels.\n"Large-scale crop production is highly vulnerable to extreme weather events," he said.\n"We know that forests already play a key role in mitigating the effects of climate change. This report makes it very clear that they also play a key role in alleviating hunger and improving nutrition."\nDr Vira added: "What we are saying to policymakers is to start thinking more about the landscape as an integrated production system rather than the current and conventional view that often places agriculture and forestry in opposition to each other.\n"We make a really strong case for thinking about the landscape holistically."\nLate last year, the Global Nutrition Report warned that most countries in the world faced a serious public health problem as a result of malnutrition.\nIt said that every nation except China had crossed a "malnutrition red line", suffering from too much or too little nutrition.\nAccording to that report, malnutrition led to 11% of global GDP being "squandered as a result of lives lost, less learning, less earning and days lost to illness".\nDr Vira told BBC News: "One really important insight we got was that conventional agriculture was good for the calorific intake but not so good when you started to think about healthy and balanced diets.\n"When we talk about food security we need to stop focusing simply on calories. It is hugely important to recognise how much of a balanced diet comes from outside of conventional agriculture, particularly from trees and forests.\n"Forests matter when it comes to human wellbeing."']' should be close to '['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'Forests can play a vital role in supplementing global food and nutrition security but this role is currently being overlooked, a report suggests.']'

On average, nearly 450 pupils from Wales apply for places each year but were less likely to win places than those in England or Northern Ireland.
The report has been produced by former Welsh Secretary Paul Murphy.
He was made Oxbridge ambassador by the Welsh government to find out why so few pupils win places at the universities.
Mr Murphy studied the period 2008-2012 and found:
Mr Murphy's report cited relatively low exam results as being partly responsible.
"It seems highly likely that the relatively low admission of Welsh applicants to Oxford and Cambridge can in large part be attributed to their relatively low attainment in the post-GCSE assessments which the universities consider critical," he said.
"Welsh attainment at the upper end is not as high as it should be when compared proportionally with the rest of the UK."
But Mr Murphy, who studied history at Oriel College, Oxford, said exam results were not the whole story as Wales' strongest students were actually applying to Oxbridge but were not getting through the universities' admissions processes.
The report said that the 12 hubs would be hot-houses to help more able and talented pupils to prepare themselves for entry exams which could help more pupils get into top universities.
Analysis by BBC Wales education correspondent Arwyn Jones
The Welsh government-appointed Oxbridge ambassador Paul Murphy says even when you take into account factors such as that we are poorer generally in Wales, we still do not do so well.
But it is not just results which are a barrier to getting into the top universities.
Both Oxford and Cambridge often require applicants to be tested or interviewed, and Mr Murphy's analysis suggests Welsh pupils do not do too well in those either.
He also raised the issue of the Welsh Baccalaureate as being a possible hindrance to more able and talented pupils, that it does not stretch some pupils and takes up space in their timetable which could be better used for other activities.
Mr Murphy said he was looking forward to seeing the new version of the Welsh Bacc which will be graded and more challenging.
Education Minister Huw Lewis said he would consider the recommendations in full and would pilot a hub scheme immediately.
A hub called HE+ was launched at Gower College in Swansea in 2012, bringing together students from seven schools across the city to help prepare them towards applying to Cambridge.
So far 450 students have attended the monthly hubs which include specialist subject seminars, master classes and trips to Cambridge.
The University of Cambridge said it welcomed the report and said it would "do its level best" to support further hubs.
"There are many outstanding students in Wales and this report has shown that, if they are to reach Cambridge and Oxford in greater number, we must collectively  ensure that they are appropriately encouraged, supported and most of all stretched in the sixth form," said vice chancellor Professor Sir Leszek Borysiewicz.
An Oxford University spokesperson added: "The report rightly identifies secondary school attainment as an issue, as well as the need to raise the aspirations and confidence of bright students with the help of their teachers.
"We absolutely want more talented Welsh students at Oxford - and the report's recommendation of increased practical support and academic stimulation as well as encouragement will help make that possible."
Shadow Education Minister Angela Burns said not enough Welsh pupils were getting to Oxford and Cambridge because of Welsh Labour ministers' "systemic failure in education".
She said there was "no easy alternative" to an "unapologetic drive to raise the exam performance of every child".

The changes, from next September, include new exams in maths, English and Welsh.
GCSEs, A and AS levels in both English and Welsh literature and the Welsh Baccalaureate have been revised.
But some independent schools said they might sit England's GCSEs over fears the Welsh exams may "lack credibility".
The campaign will be launched on Monday at St Richard Gwyn school, Barry, which is taking part in the pilot project.
The Welsh government said the new qualifications will place a greater focus on developing skills, particularly literacy and numeracy, and are designed to better prepare young people for work or further study.
An outline of the changes were announced in July following concerns about improving education standards.
Next year's reforms have been set out on a website and include endorsements from an Oxford University admissions official and the University of Cambridge's vice chancellor Prof Sir Leszek Borysiewicz, who was born and educated in Wales.
The Welsh government accepted 42 recommendations through an independent Review of Qualifications for 14-19 year olds and said it had worked with people in education.
The Federation of Small Businesses' Janet Jones believed the reforms had focused on literacy and numeracy.
However, some fee-paying schools have opted to follow the new GCSE courses for England.
Welsh Independent Schools Council (Wisc) said in June it believed the Wales-specific courses starting next year may "lack credibility and portability".
But ahead of the school visit on Monday, Education Minister Huw Lewis said: "These improved qualifications will meet the needs of young people and help support the Welsh economy.
"They will be recognised as a mark of excellence, trusted, valued and respected by employers and universities not only here in Wales and the UK, but internationally."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A top Egyptian government official has killed himself in jail after being arrested in connection with a corruption investigation, reports say.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

Wael Shalaby was a former secretary general of Egypt's administrative courts system. He resigned on Saturday, a day before his arrest.
The public prosecutor said his arrest was part of an inquiry into accusations of officials receiving bribes.
A gag order on all media over the corruption case has now been issued.
Mr Shalaby's resignation came after a procurement manager at Egypt's State Council, the umbrella organisation for the country's administrative courts, was arrested.
Gamal al-Din al-Labban was charged with receiving bribes worth millions of Egyptian pounds.
The public prosecutor has referred to the two arrests as part of the same case.
Alongside his role in the State Council, Mr Shalaby also served as a deputy chief justice in the administrative courts, according to the Reuters news agency.
Mr Shalaby's lawyer, Sayed Beheiry, told Reuters that his client hanged himself using a scarf he was wearing.
"He was going through a terrible psychological state during his questioning," he said.
"It is very hard to be a big important judge and suddenly you lose everything and sit in front of an investigator being accused of taking a bribe."
The lawyer told the Daily News Egypt newspaper that his client was subjected to interrogations that deprived him of sleep for nearly 40 hours.
Mr Shalaby, he added, had also said his arrest was illegal, because prosecutors had not issued an arrest warrant.
The interior ministry, which oversees prisons, has not commented. The public prosecutor has ordered an autopsy, state news agency Mena reports.
Shortly after the death was confirmed, Egypt's Prosecutor-General Nabil Sadek placed a gag order on the case until the investigations are concluded.
Local and foreign non-governmental organisations say corruption is rife in Egypt. The country was ranked 88th out of 168 countries on Transparency International's 2015 corruption perceptions index.

The interior ministry said a heated argument escalated into a fight after the policeman told the driver he was blocking the road.
Other bus drivers joined the fight by attacking the policeman, who then allegedly shot the driver in the groin.
Egypt has seen a series of allegations of police brutality in recent months.
In a statement, the interior ministry said the officer Ahmed Samir Nassar had been suspended and referred for prosecution over the incident.
It added that security forces took the injured driver to hospital after the shooting.
The incident is believed to have happened earlier this week.
Photographs published by Egypt's Tahrirnews website showed what appeared to be the driver lying on a stretcher in hospital, covered in blood.
In February, there was a protest outside the Cairo security directorate after a policeman reportedly shot dead a driver in a street in an argument over a fare.
There were also riots in Ismailia and the southern city of Luxor after at least three people died in police custody in a single week in November.


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Question: The London Marathon was won seven times in 12 years by athletes who have recorded suspicious blood scores, according to the Sunday Times.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The tally represents nearly 30% of winners in the 24 men's and women's races.
Last week the newspaper - along with German broadcaster ARD - revealed details from a leak of 12,000 blood test results from 5,000 athletes.
The latest revelations focus on what the Sunday Times calls "the alarming extent of suspected cheating by elite athletes in the six mass public marathons around the world."
London, Boston, Chicago, New York, Berlin and Tokyo are the races to which they refer.
Based on "an expert analysis", the newspaper claims:
The files belong to world governing body the International Association of Athletics Federations (IAAF), but have been leaked by a whistle-blower.
London Marathon chief executive Nick Bitel said the IAAF has agreed to increase out-of-competition tests for athletes at the world's six major marathons, but criticised the organisation.
"We are disappointed when we have been doing more than anyone to fight doping in our sport," Bitel told BBC Radio 5 live's Sportsweek.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"This is about the IAAF's failure to take effective action."
Two of the world's "foremost anti-doping experts", scientists Robin Parisotto and Michael Ashenden, have reviewed the data.
According to them, a third of the medals claimed in endurance events at World Championships and Olympics were won by athletes with abnormal or suspicious blood tests. It is claimed none of these athletes have been stripped of their medals. Parisotto said he had never seen such an abnormal set of blood values.
"So many athletes appear to have doped with impunity, and it is damning that the IAAF appears to have idly sat by and let this happen," he said.
The evidence is not proof of doping, but the revelations will raise more serious questions over whether the sport is doing enough to combat cheating ahead of the World Athletics Championships in Beijing later this month.
On Friday the World Anti-Doping Agency (Wada) announced that it would launch an "urgent" investigation into the allegations. The IAAF has agreed to hand its full database - seen by the BBC - to the anti-doping body.
In a statement, it said: "In sharing what we believe to be the database in question with the Independent Commission formed by Wada, the IAAF is comfortable that an independent, impartial assessment of the data and the follow-up action by the IAAF will now be made by the competent authority."
This week, the IAAF is set to strip a number of athletes of medals won over the last decade, the BBC understands. This retrospective action - or "delayed justice" - will be a result of the re-testing of old samples and analysis of blood passports.
However, the IAAF has condemned the leak, and insists that the two experts had "no knowledge whatsoever of the actions taken by the IAAF in following these suspicious profiles" and that their analysis "contains a number of seriously incorrect assertions".
It added: "Of most concern to us is that the two scientists continue to defend their statements that the IAAF did nothing to act on 'suspicious profiles'.
"If these scientists have evidence that the IAAF did not follow up suspicious samples, then they should immediately make this available to the Wada Commission.
"If they do not have evidence, then we urge that they refrain from making assertions of wrongdoing."
The IAAF also said that Ashenden and Parisotto "conveniently ignore the fact that more than 60 athletes have been sanctioned on the basis of abnormal blood values collected after 2009, and these athletes accrued 140 notable international medals, three world records, six world marathon majors wins, 13 other big city marathon wins before they were exposed by the IAAF as cheats".
The IAAF said that before the introduction in 2009 of the biological passport to monitor blood values, its testers had "systematically pursued" all results that were deemed "atypical" with immediate urine tests for EPO and then target-tested those athletes in and out of competition.
"We condemn the fact that two experienced scientists were naive enough to place themselves in a situation where their analysis of incomplete data is being used against athletes in the public domain," it said.
Since the introduction of the passport, the IAAF says it has "pursued more cases under the passport system than all other anti-doping organisations together", and is spending $2m a year on combating cheating. "As a percentage of overall annual budget this is the highest of any sport," it added.
There can be various reasons for abnormal blood samples other than performance-enhancing drugs. Illness, altitude training and pregnancy can all influence values.
The Sunday Times reports that eight British athletes - including Mo Farah and Jo Pavey - have published their blood test data "to show they are clean" with results falling within the normal expected range.
"I'm happy to do what it takes to prove I'm a clean athlete," said double Olympic champion Farah. "The decision to release my results is a personal one."
Pavey said: "It's nice to get it [her blood data] out there, as a clean athlete I've got no reason not to."
UK Athletics said it was "counselling caution" to athletes because "full transparency requires release of all of an athlete's testing history rather than incomplete data that has the possibility of being open to misinterpretation."
It added: "Athletes that have chosen to allow their results to be published have in many cases asked for guidance before agreeing to do so, in order to be better informed of any risks involved."
UK Anti-Doping said it has a "robust" Athlete Biological Passport system in place and is "confident" in its procedures.
On Friday a former winner of the London Marathon was stripped of her title for doping.
Russian Liliya Shobukhova, who won in 2010 and was runner-up in 2011, has had her results since 2009 annulled. The Sunday Times claims that she recorded "extreme blood scores" for nine years before the athletics authorities finally took action against her in 2014, and that marathon organisers were not told about the scores.

Alberto Salazar has been under investigation since a BBC Panorama programme made allegations about drugs use at his US training base.
A leaked US Anti-Doping Agency (Usada) report, dated March 2016, has been obtained by the Sunday Times.
Salazar and Briton Farah deny they have ever broken anti-doping rules.
The leaked report also alleges Salazar, head coach of the world famous endurance Nike Oregon Project (NOP), routinely gave Farah and other athletes legal prescription drugs with potentially harmful side-effects without a justifiable medical reason.
The investigation into Salazar, who is also a consultant to UK Athletics (UKA), has been under way since at least June 2015.
The Usada interim report was passed to the Sunday Times by the suspected Russian hacking group Fancy Bears.
The BBC has so far been unable to verify its authenticity with Usada, or establish whether any of its reported conclusions are out of date.
In a statement, Usada said it could "confirm that it has prepared a report in response to a subpoena from a state medical licensing body regarding care given by a physician to athletes associated with the Nike Oregon Project".
It said: "We understand that the licensing body is still deciding its case and as we continue to investigate whether anti-doping rules were broken, no further comment will be made at this time.
"Importantly, all athletes, coaches and others under the jurisdiction of the World Anti-Doping Code are innocent and presumed to have complied with the rules unless and until the established anti-doping process declares otherwise. It is unfair and reckless to state, infer or imply differently."
Contents of the report
According to the Sunday Times, the leaked report claims that Salazar:
Salazar maintains that drug use has always fully complied with the Wada code and that athletes were administered with L-carnitine in "exactly the way Usada directed".
The Sunday Times claims the Usada report also reveals:
The report, apparently written in March 2016, allegedly states: "Usada continues to investigate circumstances related to L-carnitine use" by Farah.
Farah, who has won 5,000m and 10,000m gold at the past two Olympic Games, told The Sunday Times two years ago that he had "tried a legal energy drink" containing L-carnitine but "saw no benefit" and did not continue with it.
The revelations will pile more pressure on Britain's greatest ever endurance runner, who has steadfastly refused to end his association with Salazar.
It raises questions too for UKA, which gave the Briton the all-clear to continue working with Salazar after an inquiry was launched following the BBC Panorama programme.
Background
In June 2015, in conjunction with the US website ProPublica, the BBC's Panorama programme Catch Me If You Can made a series of allegations about the methods at NOP, and included testimony from a number of former athletes and coaches, including Kara Goucher and Steve Magness.
The film alleged Salazar had a fixation on the testosterone levels of his athletes, and may have doped American Olympic medallist Galen Rupp with the banned steroid version when he was 16. The programme also alleged Salazar had conducted testosterone experiments on his sons to see how much of the drug he could apply to them before it triggered positive tests.
The film also alleged Salazar used thyroid medicine inappropriately with his athletes, and encouraged the use of prescription medication when there was no justifiable need.
Salazar denied the wrongdoing alleged in the programme, and issued a 30,000-word rebuttal.
Usada took the unusual step of confirming it had launched an investigation into NOP following the BBC and ProPublica's revelations in 2015. Earlier stories by the New York Times and the Sunday Times had also raised concerns about some of Salazar's methods.
It is not clear why the Usada report remains unpublished.
The BBC has sought comment from Alberto Salazar, Sir Mo Farah and UK Athletics.


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Question: A US grand jury has decided not to bring charges against a white policeman over the killing of a 12-year-old black boy armed with a toy gun.

A local prosecutor in Ohio state, Tim McGinty, called the events that led to the death of Tamir Rice a "perfect storm of human error".
But he said it was not unreasonable for the officer to fear for his life.
Peaceful protests were held in Cleveland and in New York after the decision was announced.
It comes at a time when the deaths of black men at the hands of police have sparked a national debate.
Rice was carrying a non-lethal pellet gun when police approached him in Cleveland in November 2014, in response to a 911 call reporting a man waving and pointing a gun at people.
The officer who shot him did so within two seconds of arriving at the scene, according to surveillance video.
The caller said the gun might not be real and the perpetrator could be a juvenile.
Mr McGinty, who announced the grand jury's decision on Monday, blamed the emergency services dispatcher for not relaying that information to police.
Officers Timothy Loehmann and Frank Garmback have said the gun looked real and urged Rice to raise his hands three times.
Mr Loehmann shot Rice twice after the boy pulled the gun from his waistband.
The officers said they believed Rice was older than 12. He weighed about 175lbs (79kg) and stood 5ft 7in (1.70m) tall.
The toy gun lacked an orange safety tip and Mr McGinty urged toy manufacturers to stop making replicas that look like real guns.
The Rice family have said police fired too quickly and should have used a Taser, a non-lethal weapon.
Camera footage shows Mr Loehmann firing seconds after getting out of his police vehicle that rolled to a stop just feet away from Rice.
Although the officers' actions were not criminal, Mr McGinty said Cleveland had learnt from the shooting.
"It should never happen again, and the city has taken steps so it doesn't," Mr McGinty said.

Officer Jason Van Dyke is charged with the first-degree murder of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald, who was stopped by police after slashing car tyres.
In a Thanksgiving message on Facebook, the president paid tribute to Chicago protesters for keeping the peace.
Four people were arrested overnight as demonstrators marched through the city.
The protests were not as widespread or as tense as Tuesday night, which began moments after police released the dashcam video showing the incident.
Mr Obama said on Facebook: "Like many Americans, I was deeply disturbed by the footage of the fatal shooting of 17-year-old Laquan McDonald.
"This Thanksgiving, I ask everybody to keep those who've suffered tragic loss in our thoughts and prayers, and to be thankful for the overwhelming majority of men and women in uniform who protect our communities with honour."
McDonald was stopped by police in October 2014 after reports that he had been walking in the road and slashing car tyres.
The video shows him holding a knife when the police cars arrive and Mr Van Dyke emerges from his car. Within seconds, he shoots the teenager.
Step-by-step guide to what happened
The officer's lawyer said he feared for his life but prosecutors said there was no justification for his actions.
According to court documents seen by the Associated Press, Mr Van Dyke was the subject of 18 civilian complaints over 14 years, including allegations that he used racial slurs and excessive force.
The death of Laquan McDonald has become the latest flashpoint in a long-running debate over police violence against black men.
Protesters said they were organising a Black Friday event which will try to shut down a major shopping area in Chicago on one of the busiest retail days of the year.
Michael Brown: Police shot the unarmed teenager (above) in Ferguson last year, setting off huge protests and unrest nationwide
Eric Garner: Choked to death while under restraint by police in New York
Tamir Rice: Police shot and killed the 12-year-old in Cleveland as he brandished a toy gun
Walter Scott: A South Carolina police officer shot Scott numerous times in the back as he was running away
Freddie Gray: The 25-year-old died after sustaining a severe spinal cord injury while in the custody of police in Baltimore


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Executive pay is already "too high" and investors are ready to take a tough line with firms that present plans to boost bosses' remuneration, one of the City's top fund managers has warned.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

David Cumming, head of equities at Standard Life, said his firm "could not justify" pay going any higher.
Investors must do more to signal their unhappiness, he told the BBC.
It comes after Theresa May said corporate pay was excessive, and issued a green paper with ideas to curb it.
Mr Cumming told the BBC's Today programme: "We continue to see too many proposals that would bring a substantial increase [in pay], and we have to signal that we are not happy with that."
Blackrock, the giant American investment fund, has already written to public company bosses saying it would vote down proposals for excessive pay or pension perks.
Fund manager fires fat cat warning shot
Top pay under fire on 'Fat Cat Wednesday'
The BBC understands that, last month, 13 of the City's top fund managers met to discuss the issue.
Previous attempts to enforce boardroom restraint have foundered because shareholders have not been able to speak with a single voice.
But Mr Cumming said that this time round there was likely to be a more united front.
"We do speak to each other, and there is a general view that there are too many chairman who take too obsequious a view of their chief executive and their pay," he said.
Mr Cumming also hinted that the City was fearful of what might happen if it did not succeed in bringing pay to heel.
"If we don't succeed, then we might have much more draconian action from the government, which would be much less flexible and worse overall for shareholders," he said.
His warning was echoed by another fund manager, Colin McLean, managing director of SVM Asset Management.
He said that anger over large financial rewards could come to a head this year, with nearly half of FTSE 100 companies facing binding votes on pay.
"2017 could finally be a year for change in executive pay, with both investors and politicians ready for a fight," Mr McLean said.
He added: "Some long-term incentives were put in place before the 2012 reforms, with binding shareholder votes only required every three years.
"This year almost half the FTSE 100 face binding votes on pay, and we will see changes bite. The shareholder revolt seems less likely to fizzle out this time."

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

At the annual meeting of engineering firm Weir Group, a proposed pay policy was rejected by 72% of shareholders.
The company says it will discuss alternative options with shareholders.
At drugs maker Shire, 49% of investors voted against a 25% pay increase for chief executive Flemming Ornskov.
Every three years shareholders receive a chance to vote on the way the formula for executive pay is constructed.
That vote is binding, so the board needs a majority of shareholders to vote in favour.
So, in the case of Weir, the board of directors will have to come up with a new plan.
Votes between these three-year cycles are not binding, but can create embarrassment for the boss and the board of directors, as in the case of Shire.
Executive pay 'not fit for purpose'
The great pay revolt?
Fund manager Hermes advised shareholders to vote against Shire's remuneration plan at the annual meeting in Dublin.
"We do not support the increase in salary of 25% for the CEO (chief executive), particularly given that his overall bonus potential is more than 10 times his basic salary and his total remuneration was over $21m last year," said Hans-Christoph Hirt, co-head of Hermes equity ownership.
"We believe that an incremental approach to salary rises is more appropriate and should reflect shareholder value creation over the longer term," he added.
Meanwhile, Royal London Asset Management said on Thursday it would vote against the 2015 remuneration reports at Standard Chartered and Reckitt Benckiser, the owner of Dettol, Scholl and Nurofen.
Earlier, WPP chief executive Sir Martin Sorrell was forced to defend his pay package, worth up to £70m.
He said his pay was based on the performance of WPP, the world's largest advertising group.
Sir Martin told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "I'm not embarrassed about the growth of the company from two people in one room in Lincoln's Inn Fields in 1985 to 190,000 people in 112 countries and a leadership position in our industry, which I think is important."
Profile: Sir Martin Sorrell
Last month 59% of BP shareholders voted against a 20% pay rise for chief executive Bob Dudley, that would have netted him £14m.
The vote against the increase was non-binding, but BP's chairman said at the annual meeting that the sentiment would be reflected in future pay deals.
That was a "remarkable" moment according to Stefan Stern, a director at the High Pay Centre, a think tank which monitors executive salaries.
"I do think there is a feeling that things have been getting out of hand," he said.
"Shareholders have signed off on pay structures they didn't understand and now we're seeing buyer's remorse," he added.
Last week a group that includes some of Britain's most high-profile bosses said that executive pay in the UK is "not fit for purpose" and needs reform.
The Executive Remuneration Working Group said there was "widespread scepticism and loss of public confidence" over executive pay.
Sainsbury's chairman David Tyler and Legal & General chief executive Nigel Wilson worked on the interim report.
Also last week, Anglo American said it would be "mindful" of concerns about executive pay after more than two fifths of investors voted against a remuneration deal that included £3.4m for chief executive Mark Cutifani.


Question: Reece Styche scored twice as Gateshead ended a three-match losing streak on the road with an emphatic victory at Braintree.

The striker netted his first goal of the season in the 23rd minute, latching on to a Patrick McLaughlin flick-on and coolly slotting home, before converting Mitch Brundle's cross seven minutes after the interval.
Braintree, having had two big shouts for a penalty in the first half, pulled a goal back five minutes later as Michael Cheek tapped in after Jake Goodman's effort hit the post.
But Gateshead put the game beyond doubt with goals in the 70th and 82nd minutes, McLaughlin finding the net following a smart turn before Wes York buried Danny Johnson's cutback.
Report supplied by the Press Association.
Match ends, Braintree Town 1, Gateshead 4.
Second Half ends, Braintree Town 1, Gateshead 4.
Goal!  Braintree Town 1, Gateshead 4. Wes York (Gateshead).
Barney Williams (Braintree Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  Braintree Town 1, Gateshead 3. Patrick McLaughlin (Gateshead).
Wes York (Gateshead) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Braintree Town. Sam Matthews replaces Rohdell Gordon.
Substitution, Gateshead. Gus Mafuta replaces Reece Styche.
Mitch Brundle (Gateshead) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Substitution, Braintree Town. Brandon Goodship replaces Lee Barnard.
Goal!  Braintree Town 1, Gateshead 2. Michael Cheek (Braintree Town).
Goal!  Braintree Town 0, Gateshead 2. Reece Styche (Gateshead).
Substitution, Gateshead. Danny Johnson replaces Rhys Oates.
Second Half begins Braintree Town 0, Gateshead 1.
First Half ends, Braintree Town 0, Gateshead 1.
Jake Goodman (Braintree Town) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Goal!  Braintree Town 0, Gateshead 1. Reece Styche (Gateshead).
First Half begins.
Lineups are announced and players are warming up.

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Former Torquay United winger Niall Thompson scored a hat-trick, taking his tally to five goals in his last four matches.
Les Afful was also on target for City, who move up two places to 16th in the sixth tier of English football.
Truro's last victory came on 24 September, when they won 2-1 at Wealdstone in National League South.


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Question: Schools alone cannot solve the "deep endemic problems" in the education system caused by poverty, an outgoing union chief has warned.

Tommy Castles, president of the Educational Institute of Scotland (EIS), said poverty eradication should be a "prime objective" of governments.
Education Secretary Angela Constance said last month that poverty "should not be used as an excuse for failure".
Ms Constance said the EIS was right to highlight the "challenge" of inequity.
Mr Castles will step down as president of the EIS at its AGM in Perth, with Mr Castles saying the event was taking place "as the storm clouds gather once again over the future direction of education policy".
He also used his platform as the outgoing president of Scotland's largest teaching union to say the primary curriculum should be "decluttered", teachers' workloads needed to be addressed, and council cuts should not cause provision for pupils with additional support needs to suffer.
He said: "Pulling the levers in education and blaming teachers will not solve the deep endemic problems caused by poverty. Education cannot solve the problems on its own.
"We must not lose sight that the prime objective in a wealthy country like ours should be to eradicate poverty."
Mr Castles added: "Education must be seen within the wider context of the whole of society. We can't fix the social and economic impact of poverty on children. Pulling a lever won't work."
Responding to a drop in reading and writing skills recorded in the Scottish Survey of Literacy and Numeracy (SSLN) last month, Ms Constance said: "While the Scottish government is committed to doing all that it can to eradicate poverty and that poverty can be a barrier to attainment, it should not be used as an excuse for failure."
Mr Castles also urged ministers to "declutter" the curriculum in primary schools, adding: "Accelerate the moves to reduce bureaucracy. Give teachers time to teach and let us get on with what we are trained to do, educate children."
With teachers' workload "still a major issue", he said the Curriculum for Excellence (CfE) reforms were "still one of our main drivers" for this in primary schools.
In secondary schools, the new National 4 and 5 Qualifications, which replaced Standard Grades from last year, is the main cause of concern over workloads.
Last year's exam process was a "nightmare for all involved", including pupils, parents and teachers, he said, adding that while changes had been made some "issues have not been resolved, and that is both in terms of workload and concerns over attitudes being formed by, and about, pupils to some of those assessments".
The EIS president also used his speech to criticise the "unnecessary austerity" imposed by the Conservatives in government, saying this had done "so much harm to our communities, to our standard of life and has inflicted savage cuts to all areas of the public sector with consequences for the quality of the education we can provide".
With council budgets across the country being squeezed, he said the EIS must ensure that provision for pupils with additional support needs does not suffer.
College budgets should be restored, he told the AGM, saying the further education sector had faced cuts of 20% since 2010 "which has seen courses and teaching posts lost".
Responding to Mr Castles' comments, Ms Constance said she shared his concern about the impact of austerity measures on efforts to close the attainment gap for children from Scotland's most deprived communities.
She added: "We are all swimming against an unforgiving tide of funding cuts, so it is important we work together on this common goal.
"We need an education system that is fair and which provides excellence to every child, irrespective of their background or circumstances.
"As parents, teachers, schools, local and central government, we all have a role in this."

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Ms Greening, who went to school in a Rotherham comprehensive, was previously secretary of state for international development.
She announced last month she was in a same-sex relationship, making her the first openly gay female Cabinet minister.
Her new department is to expand to take responsibility for universities.
Ms Greening, who replaces Nicky Morgan, said she was "looking forward to getting on with the job" when she arrived at the Department for Education.
She attended Oakwood comprehensive school - and along with David Blunkett who went to schools for the blind - becomes one of the few education secretaries to have attended a non-selective state school.
According to the Sutton Trust education charity, she joins a Cabinet with the lowest proportion of privately-educated ministers since Clement Attlee's Labour government of 1945.
Ms Greening studied economics at Southampton University and before entering the House of Commons in 2005 had worked as an accountant.
As well as being responsible for schools, colleges and universities, she becomes the minister for women and equalities.
She will inherit a higher education bill, which could raise tuition fees in England, with a second reading due next week.
The Association of School and College Leaders said that the new education secretary would face the "stark reality" of schools facing "real-terms funding cuts and a teacher recruitment crisis".
"We urgently need greater investment in the education system," said Malcolm Trobe, leader of the head teachers' union.
He also called for no delay in implementing a national funding formula for schools, announced by the previous education secretary.
Kevin Courtney, leader of the National Union of Teachers, said Ms Greening would have to tackle problems with teacher recruitment, excessive working hours and lack of school funding.
"Testing and assessment is in complete disarray," said Mr Courtney.
Russell Hobby, leader of the National Association of Head Teachers, called for the end of the "chaos and confusion" of this year's controversial primary school Sats tests.
He told the new education secretary that the "government has not won the argument on academies" and that good and outstanding schools should be allowed to remain part of their local authority if they chose.
Liberal Democrat education spokesman, John Pugh, called on Ms Greening to "put a stop to damaging proposals to scrap Qualified Teacher Status and parent governors, as well as plans to vastly increase numbers of academies".


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Question: Japan's economy shrank less than previously thought in the last three months of 2015, surprising analysts.

Gross domestic product contracted at an annualised rate of 1.1% for the period, compared with an earlier reading of 1.4%, official figures showed.
Analysts had been widely expecting to see an annualised contraction of 1.5% for the period.
Japan has been trying to revive its flagging economy, which has struggled with deflation for nearly 20 years.
The annualised figure is the rate at which the economy would have contracted over a full 12 months, had the December quarter been a reflection of the entire year.
Tuesday's revised numbers showed a slightly upward revision for domestic and private demand.
On a quarter-on-quarter basis, the world's third biggest economy shrank 0.3% compared with an earlier reading of 0.4%, cabinet numbers showed.
The contraction for the three months to December adds to a string of setbacks for the government's economic reform policy.
Prime Minister Shinzo Abe's plan to revive the economy - dubbed Abenomics - was introduced after his December 2013 election win.
Its aim was to combat deflation, as well as boost demand and investment.
In a surprise move last month, the Bank of Japan (BOJ) introduced a negative interest rate of -0.1%.
The rate cut into negative territory - the first ever for Japan - is designed to increase spending and investment, which should in turn boost economic growth.
But analyst said there was more work for the BOJ to do.
"We expect policymakers to lower the interest rate on excess reserves from -0.1% to -0.3% and to step up the pace of asset purchases at next week's meeting," said Japan economist Marcel Thieliant from Capital Economics.
Japan's benchmark Nikkei 225 was down 0.4% to 16,848.80 in early trading.

Official numbers showed industrial production increased by 3.3% from a month earlier, marking the the biggest monthly increase since late 2014.
In January, the export dependent nation saw production fall by 2.1%.
South Korea's economy has been hurt in recent times by softer demand from China, one of its most important trading partners.
However, the latest data beat expectations, which were for a fall in output of 0.2% in February
For all industries, including mining, gas and the electricity sector, output grew 2.4% in February from a year earlier.
Following a raft of disappointing economic data, South Korea's government unveiled new stimulus measures in February designed to help boost exports and domestic demand.
South Korea, which is Asia's fourth largest economy, saw its economy expand by 3.1% in the three months to December compared to a year earlier.


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Question: Baltimore Ravens cornerback Tray Walker has died 24 hours after a dirt bike accident in Florida on Thursday.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.
For instance, <<['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'It is the first time since 2006 a Welsh artist has made the cut.\nMr Williams, based in Caernarfon, Gwynedd, draws on his own experiences to develop his sculptures.\nIn 2015, the prize was won by Theaster Gates who vowed to share his £40,000 prize with the other shortlisted artists. The next winner will be announced in 2017.\n"It feels great to be part of an international exhibition like Artes Mundi with fantastic artists and to be doing it in Wales makes it even better," said Mr Williams.\n"Artes Mundi brings artists from the rest of the world into a country and arts community that I\'m really proud to be an artist in".\nTHE ARTES MUNDI SHORTLISTED ARTISTS']>>  to <<['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'Welsh conceptual artist Bedwyr Williams is among seven shortlisted for the next Artes Mundi prize.']>>

Walker, 23, was injured in a collision and taken to Miami's Jackson Memorial Hospital, where he died on Friday.
"We are grieving the loss of a special young man," said the Ravens on Twitter, of Walker, who was drafted in 2015 and played eight games last season.
"Tray was a young man with a good and kind heart," added Ravens coach John Harbaugh in a statement.
"He was humble and loved everything about being part of the Ravens' team. He loved his team-mates, the practice and the preparation, and that showed every day.
"He was coachable, did his most to improve and worked to become the best. I'll never forget that smile."

Jeffrey Brasher, 50, was reportedly on his way to work when his 2006 Ford pickup was hit by 22-year-old Austin Brasher's 2004 Chevrolet pickup.
The elder Brasher, a bread delivery driver, died at the scene near Winfield at 0410 on Saturday.
His son was pronounced dead at hospital in Birmingham at 0918. Neither man was wearing a seatbelt.
Monica Marie Aker, a cousin of the younger Brasher, told People.com: "Austin did drink and was coming home from partying when they crashed."
The father and son - who both lived in Bankston, about 67 miles (107km) west of Birmingham - were said by relatives to be very close.


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Question: The police and crime commissioner for Dyfed-Powys is being investigated for allegedly driving with bald tyres.

Christopher Salmon is alleged to have driven the police-owned vehicle in October 2015, the Independent Police Complaints Commission said.
It confirmed it was investigating following a referral from the Dyfed-Powys Police and Crime Panel in January.
Mr Salmon said he would "cooperate fully".

PC David Richard Norman, from Haverfordwest, Pembrokeshire, appeared at Swansea Crown Court accused of perverting the course of justice.
PC Norman, who worked for Dyfed-Powys Police, was found not guilty of the allegation on Thursday.
He had denied the charge.


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Question: Construction of the UK's new polar research ship, the RRS Sir David Attenborough, has begun.

The vessel is already well known because of an online public vote to name it.
The public chose the name Boaty McBoatface, but in the end, it wasn't quite that simple...
Here are five things you didn't know about the ship.
It was decided that naming the ship Sir David Attenborough in recognition of his work explaining the natural world would be a better option.
Instead an submarine carried by the ship will be called Boaty McBoatface instead.
It is a new submarine that could travel under the entire ice-covered Arctic Ocean if necessary.
The vessel will be 128m-long which is roughly the length of eight double-decker buses.
It will take 31 months to build.
Sir David himself will press the button that turns on the crane that will lift the massive load of steel that is needed for the ship.
It's tradition for the first part of the ship to be built on a coin.
Once the ship is launched, the coin will be given to the crew for good luck while they sail the oceans.
The ship will cost 200 million pounds and will replace the UK's current ships - the RRS James Clark Ross and the RRS Ernest Shackleton.
One ship is in charge of all the scientific experiments and the other does the logistics which means it's used for resupplying scientific stations in the Antarctic.
The new RRS Sir David Attenborough will be able to do both.

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The section, called Lower Block 04, is the largest part of the aircraft carrier HMS Prince of Wales.
It is 20 metres high, 80 metres long and comprises a fifth of the overall vessel.
It will take about five days to reach Rosyth in Fife, travelling around the north of Scotland.
The section, which contains the warship's hangar, machinery space, mission systems compartments and accommodation, will arrive at the dockyard in Fife next Friday afternoon.
It began its journey from BAE Systems' Govan shipyard on Sunday morning and passed under the Erskine bridge at about noon.
The section, floating on a sea-going barge, arrived at Greenock at about 15:30 and will be pulled by a sea-going tug, the Carlo Martello.
The Prince of Wales is the second of the new Queen Elizabeth class aircraft carrier to be built for the UK.
Each 65,000 tonne aircraft carrier will provide the armed forces with a four-acre military operating base which can be deployed worldwide.
Even the hull section is bigger than the Type 45 destroyers which were the last vessels to be delivered to the Royal Navy from Glasgow.
The final two smaller sections of HMS Prince of Wales are scheduled for delivery by the end of the year.
The Prince of Wales is due to be completed at Rosyth dockyard in 2017.


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Question: The Isle of Man's first same-sex wedding ceremony has taken place.

Luke Carine and Zac Tomlinson, who now live in Manchester, became the first couple to marry on the island since new laws were passed on 19 July.
The couple said it "meant the world" to get married in front of their family and friends in Ramsey on Saturday.
Marc and Alan Steffan-Cowell became the first Manx couple to convert their civil partnership to marriage last week - they chose not to have a ceremony.
The Marriage and Civil Partnership Act is based on the same legal framework introduced in England two years ago.
Homosexuality was still illegal under Manx law until 1992.

The Office for National Statistics (ONS) confirmed a total of 15,098 couples had legally married since 2014.
Of those, 7,366 were marriages while 7,732 accounted for conversions from civil partnerships.
The number of couples opting for civil partnerships fell by 70% between 2013 and 2014 it found.
Same-sex marriage became legal just after midnight on 29 March 2014, with several couples opting to tie the knot moments afterwards.
Peter McGraith and David Cabreza married at 00:01 BST at Islington Town Hall having been together for 17 years.
Mr McGraith said: "I don't think things have changed for us in many ways, we were already in a long-term relationship, we already had two kids, except the visibility of gay marriage across the world starts to make a difference.
"There have always been gay men and lesbians in long-term relationships that have quite happily survived within the context of family and community, but the law caught up with the existence, and I'm hoping in other countries legislation can give people a chance."
He added: "Gay men and lesbians don't want to be defined or constrained by notions of 'traditional' marriage, but the introduction of marriage equality around the world is a signifier of a kind of progress for sexual minorities."
The ONS said the most popular month to get married so far had been August 2014 with 844 marriages. The summer months traditionally see more marriages than the rest of the year.
It also revealed 55% of marriages were between female couples and 45% male with the average age being 37 for women and 40 for men.
Teresa Millward, who married Helen Brearley in Halifax on the day it became legal, said: "It was very overwhelming. Getting married was about creating a stability and having that option to have a family and I'm now no different to my brother, my neighbours or my friends."
Since their wedding the couple have become parents to a son, Hilton.
Ms Millward, who gave birth to Hilton, said: "Helen automatically became the second parent rather than having to do anything complicated with documents and it means if anything happens to me she has the same rights as I do as a Mum and would automatically be Hilton's second parent."
Just over half of the 15,000 weddings which have taken place have been for couples converting their civil partnerships to weddings, an option which became available in December 2014.
Couples wishing to do so must attend a register office or an approved premises to make the conversion official.
In May the Republic of Ireland voted to legalise same-sex marriage in a referendum which saw 62% of the votes cast in favour of amending the country's constitution.
Scotland legalised the convention in December 2014 with the first gay weddings taking place on Hogmanay.
Northern Ireland is currently the only place in the UK and Ireland that has not legalised same-sex marriage.


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Question: More than 2,000 defibrillators for use in public places like railway stations and schools have a potentially faulty component and might not deliver an electric shock in an emergency.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

The models LIFEPAK CR Plus and LIFEPAK EXPRESS Automatic External Defibrillators (AED) were the ones affected, the Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency said.
The manufacturers have sent out safety instructions for the devices.
No patient incidents have occurred.
The defibrillators, made by Physio-Control, are public access defibrillators (PAD) - so called because anyone can use them in an emergency.
Approximately 2,600 devices are thought to be defective.
The MHRA said the fault was caused by an internal component that could become stuck in the closed position.
This means the device could fail to deliver an electric shock to resuscitate a patient in cardiac arrest.
It advised people to carry out a safety check on their devices and arrange for the component to be replaced.
If they have not received the manufacturer's safety alert, they should locate the serial number on the label on the back of the device and call the manufacturer's customer support number or visit their website to seek further advice.
John Wilkinson, MHRA's director of medical devices, said: "These devices deliver lifesaving treatment and it is vital that they work in an emergency.
"Those responsible for them should carry out the instructions by the manufacturer.
"If you have any questions, or have not got the manufacturer's safety alert, call Physio-Control's customer support on 0808 258 0094."

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The Scottish Ambulance Service said it wanted to record the location of the devices to help 999 operators and potentially save lives.
They are often found in community centres, sports facilities and other public places.
Defibrillators give an electric shock to the heart through the chest wall to someone in cardiac arrest.
Public access defibrillators are found all over Scotland and are especially crucial in rural areas when it can take an ambulance longer to arrive.
Some organisations have already created their own registers of the defibrillators they manage - for example Trossachs Defibrillator, an app created by Trossachs Search and Rescue.
Now, the Scottish Ambulance Service has set up a dedicated website so people all over Scotland can register the devices.
Murray McEwan, the service's national resilience manager, said: "When someone experiences a cardiac arrest they are unconscious and not breathing, or not breathing normally, and their life is in immediate danger, which is why these defibrillators are so important.
"Currently, anyone can acquire a defibrillator and they are often based in community centres, sports facilities and other public places.
"While there is no legal obligation to register defibrillators, the Scottish Ambulance Service now has a dedicated registration website and we are appealing to local communities to ensure we know where these are, so when someone calls 999 we will know where the nearest defibrillator is if it is required."
Mr McEwan called on the custodians of defibrillators to register them, saying the campaign could save lives.
The "Registration to Resuscitation Campaign" is supported by the British Heart Foundation Scotland.
The charity's director, James Cant, said suffering a cardiac arrest outside hospital was the most common, life-threatening medical emergency, but only about one in 20 people survives in Scotland.
"Fewer lives would be needlessly lost if more people felt confident using CPR skills and more defibrillators were available in public places," he added.
"If one of my loved ones suffered a cardiac arrest I'd want to know where the nearest defibrillator was and that it was on its way.
"By registering these devices with the Scottish Ambulance Service we can all ensure we're playing a part in potentially saving a life by using the chain of survival: calling 999, starting chest compressions and using a defibrillator."
Trossachs Search and Rescue said the defibrillators it manages had been used nine times and had saved six lives since the organisation launched its app last year to map them.