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Question: A man has been sentenced to life in prison for killing a sex worker in east London.

Farooq Shah, 21, of Station Road, Forest Gate, east London, stabbed Mariana Popa to death in Ilford Lane, Redbridge, on 28 October.
Shah was ordered to serve a minimum of 28 years for the murder and received a concurrent six year sentence for robbery.
The Met Police said he had "deprived a young daughter of her mother".
Ms Popa, a Romanian national, had arrived in the UK only weeks before her murder, police said.
She had a six-year-old daughter and  was in the early stages of pregnancy at the time of her death, officers said.
On 28 October police patrolling the area said they spoke to her three times and issued her with a caution for soliciting.
CCTV footage showed Ms Popa walking along with Shah and his bicycle shortly before 00:00 BST, before he took a knife from his back pocket and stabbed her in the chest.
Shah made off on his bike, while Ms Popa ran to a nearby shop where she collapsed. She was taken to an east London hospital where she died shortly afterwards.
The post-mortem examination found the 24-year-old died from shock and haemorrhage and stab wounds to the chest.
About 400 hours of CCTV footage was reviewed during the investigation and officers were able to identify the bicycle used by Shah during the attack and track his movements to an area around St Francis Way.
During door-to-door enquiries on 6 November the bike was discovered in the area and Shah was arrested inside a flat by police.
A mobile phone was also found at the flat and officers discovered that less than an hour before the killing Shah robbed a partially sighted man in his 50s in Harold Road, Upton Park.
The victim was able to describe his robber's distinctive thick beard, police said.
Det Insp Darren Richards, from the Met Police, said: "Shah has never given any reason or expressed any remorse for killing Mariana.
"Fortunately he was caught on camera and we were able to put together his movements and bring him before the courts.
"His callous murder has deprived a young daughter of her mother and a family of their loved one.
"I hope today's sentence brings some sense of justice for them."

Patrick Adams, 59, and Constance Adams, 55, were arrested by Dutch police on Friday on suspicion of carrying out an attempted murder in Islington in 2013.
They will now be extradited for police questioning in England.
In December 2013, a 51-year-old man was shot in the chest after being approached by a man and woman as he sat in a car on St John Street.
He was taken to an east London hospital where he required treatment for his injuries for more than a month.


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Question: The humble dosa - a pancake made from rice batter and lentils - may be very popular in southern India, but the country's newly prosperous middle classes can now relish a gold-plated version of this dish.

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Dosas come in many varieties, for example plain or with a potato masala filling. And they are not very expensive, costing between 50 and 100 rupees (94 cents-$1.90; 60p-??1.20).
But the Raj Bhog restaurant, in the southern Indian city of Bengaluru (Bangalore), now offers dosas covered in a coating of pure gold.
The luxury comes at a price. Each gold dosa costs the princely sum of 1,011 rupees ($19; ??12.25).
Diners are promised that they can tuck into one milligram of gold, spread out over 12 cm by 12 cm of pure gold foil. The gold is added to each dosa in the final wrap  - very much like adding a thin sheet of cheese or butter while applying the finishing touches to the dish.
For the restaurant it is probably just an innovative way of marketing itself, an attempt to stand out in Malleswaram, an upmarket area of India's IT capital Bengaluru.
But as Indian society becomes more affluent, the restaurant squarely aims at those who have the ability to spend on such fancies.
"The drive behind this innovative venture was to capture the market with a different idea and the trials showed it could be a big hit," says Vasant Kumar, one of the partners of the restaurant.
He dismisses accusations that the "golden dosa" is a cheap publicity stunt to promote the business.
There may be scepticism about the use of precious metals in the food industry, says Mr Kumar, but the restaurant received a food safety certificate from the Bengaluru Corporation, and the gold foils are procured from an ISO certified company in the north Indian state of Rajasthan.
And there is some precedent. Some luxury sweet shops in India have long used thin silver foils to wrap their sweets.
The country also has a tradition of using gold and silver in various indigenous medicines, though medics differ on how effective they are. The Ayurveda system of Indian medicine has certainly been using gold in traditional medicines for many centuries.
While the volume of gold production in India is negligible, the country is the biggest market for gold in the world.
According to the World Gold Council, India bought around 1,000 tonnes of gold in 2011.

One dish to get the treatment is the hugely popular masala dosa, which is a type of rice pancake with a potato filling.
Many Indians took to Twitter last week to share their views on McDonald's "dosa burger" and "anda bhurji burger" (masala scrambled eggs).
Some saw this as an attempt by McDonald's to appropriate Indian food, but others chose humour to suggest more dishes for a McMakeover.
Here's the BBC's in-house cartoonist, Kirtish Bhatt, on these suggestions and on India's take on global fast food chains.
Now the samosa is a humble but very popular street snack in India. As one Twitter user suggested, McDonald's should include it in its menu to go fully Indian.
Another Twitter user said McDonald's Indian menu would not be complete without lassi, a sweet yogurt-based thick drink.
While McDonald's is trying to become more Indian, some local shops try hard to look global and name themselves after popular global fast-food chains, often with a twist. Kerala is a state in southern India, where famous meals include sadya - a feast served on a banana leaf. KFC would look very different if it were done Indian-style!
If Subway had started in India, it might have been inspired by the popular south Indian surname Subramanian. It would sell rice cakes and lentil stew (sambar), not sandwiches and salads.
US Pizza is a popular food chain across India, where pizzas are often connected with the US rather than any other country. In that spirit, there is absolutely no reason why "US" can't also stand for "Uttam Singh", which is a popular north Indian name!


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Question: A novice horse became the joint second longest-priced winner in British racing history at 200-1 at Wolverhampton.

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Dandy Flame, owned and trained by Jose Santos, struggled on debut at Windsor on 11 July, but won by two and three-quarter lengths in the five furlong event on Monday.
Santos, based in Berkshire, said he was "absolutely over the moon".
"I'd be lying if I said I didn't have a bet on him, but I should have had more," he added.
Equinoctial won at Kelso in November 1990 at odds of 250-1 and remains the longest-odds winner in British racing.
Dandy Flame joins the exclusive ranks of those to have won at 200-1 before - the last is thought to be Lights of Broadway at Taunton in 2012.
The horse "looked clueless" when finishing last from eight on debut, according to the Racing Post form guide, which suggested a "massive improvement" was required.

All three of the Byrnes-trained runners had been backed down by punters from much bigger prices.
The trio were available at combined odds of 3,314-1 earlier in the day, whereas the treble at starting prices was just 42-1.
Bookmakers estimated the hat-trick cost the industry more than £1m.
War Anthem won the 6.40 race at 6-1 (had been 16/1) before Mr Smith took the 7.10 at 7-4 (was 12s). Top Of The Town sealed the hat-trick in the 8.10 contest, going off 5-4 favourite, having been 14-1.
Byrnes told reporters: "After Galway we needed it. I did my brains in at Galway with Sea Light and Crystal Pearl."
Last week at the Galway Festival, Byrnes and Russell failed to collect with the well-backed Crystal Pearl and Sea Light, the latter twice failing to win.
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Question: They are Scotland's most notorious bloodsucking pests, but the Mountaineering Council of Scotland is highlighting the benefits of midges and ticks.

Swatted, warded off with smelly repellent or twisted out with tweezers from where they have burrowed into skin, midges and ticks usually get short shrift by people they encounter.
Midge bites can cause irritating red itchy sores while those of ticks can result in serious, long-lasting medical problems.
But to raise greater awareness of the health risks the latter can pose to human health, the Mountaineering Council of Scotland (MCofS) has explored the positive benefits of the tiny pests.
The pros include their importance as a food source for wild birds.
Heather Morning, mountain safety advisor at the MCofS, said there was a serious message behind compiling the list.
Ms Morning said: "Tick bites are linked to an alarming rise in cases of Lyme disease, which can have serious long-term effects on people's lives."
The disease is a bacterial infection that is spread to humans by infected ticks.
Flu-like symptoms and fatigue are often the first noticeable signs of infection.
Diagnosed cases of Lyme disease can be treated with antibiotics, but if left untreated neurological problems and joint pain can develop months or years later.
Earlier this year, a group called Worldwide Lyme Protest UK urged for more medical professionals to be given the skills to diagnose and treat the infection.
Nicola Seal, from Aberdeen, who co-ordinated a protest in May, said it was poorly understood, leaving thousands of patients without the appropriate treatment.
Official estimates put the number of new UK cases each year at around 3,000, but Lyme disease charities say the figure could be as high as 15,000 annually because so many people do not have their condition diagnosed.
Tourists put off returning to Scotland after being repeatedly bitten by the tiny biting midge are estimated to cost the tourism industry Â£286m a year, according to expert Dr Alison Blackwell.
In 2009, two men cycling from Land's End to John O'Groats in their underwear for charity were badly bitten by midges shortly after reaching the Highlands.
Adam Dunn and Gavin Topley, from Branksome, near Bournemouth, had taken no other clothes, money, food or insect repellent for their journey.
They relied on offers of free accommodation and meals.
Also in 2009 a woman on Skye told how she was using midges as a key ingredient in food for wild birds.
Elaine Bunce added the biting insect to beef dripping and flour to create her Original Highland Midge Bites.
She advertised in a local newspaper for people to send her expired insects collected from midge killing machines, as it takes a thousand for each ball.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Birds of prey like the red kite that had vanished from our skies have been reintroduced.
And animals like the pine marten can now be found in every county.
While it is good new for nature lovers, not everyone is happy.
I have been looking at the conflict between these predators and the people they share the land with for a Radio Ulster documentary this Sunday called Wild in the Country.
I searched for red kites soaring above the Mourne Mountains in County Down.
It was not as easy as it should have been.
The RSPB began a programme to reintroduce red kites back in 2008 and since then more than 80 chicks have been released in the wild.
The population will only be sustainable once 50 breeding pairs are established.
But only about a dozen pairs are producing young.
The biggest threat to their survival is us - humans - each year birds have been found shot and poisoned, despite campaigns to stress that these birds are not a threat to livestock.
It is not only red kites.
Buzzards, peregrine falcons, white tailed eagles and a golden eagle have all been killed in Northern Ireland in recent years.
I met Robert Crofts who is a gamekeeper and advisor for the British Association for Shooting and Conservation.
He said where birds of prey cause problems there needs to be proper management to stop people taking the law into their own hands.
Pine marten have been credited with the revival of another of our native species the red squirrel, as they appear to be helping to reduce the numbers of the invasive grey squirrel.
Dr David Tosh from Queen's University  has been carrying out a survey of pine martens.
But where they have made a comeback, they have also come into conflict with people.
In County Fermanagh, one of my neighbours has lost several pedigree hens in recent weeks to a pine marten.
But they are a protected species. They cannot be killed or even trapped.
Across the border in County Longford, there have been calls for a cull.
Even though tough new wildlife legislation was introduced in Northern Ireland back in 2011, no-one has ever been prosecuted for killing these protected species.
That is frustrating for many conservationists who believe the PSNI should have dedicated wildlife officers.
The police say they need more people to report wildlife crime.
You can hear more about the debate surrounding these endangered species in the Stories in Sound documentary, Wild In The Country, on BBC Radio Ulster via the I-Player.


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Question: Wolves goalkeeper Carl Ikeme has received support from former footballer Geoff Thomas following his leukaemia diagnosis.

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Mr Thomas was diagnosed with the disease in 2003 and now raises money for Cure Leukaemia.
The former Wolves and England player said news of Mr Ikeme's diagnosis has "refocused everything" for him after a challenging fundraising cycle ride.
Mr Ikeme is to begin treatment after his acute leukaemia diagnosis.
See more stories from Birmingham and the Black Country here
Mr Thomas, currently completing a grand tour, said: "I was having a bad day on the bike yesterday.  I was doing 130 miles in searing heat and I was thinking why am I doing this? I was really contemplating getting off.
"But then I get the news and it just refocused everything.
"This word leukaemia and cancer gets mentioned and it just stops you in your tracks.  You think you're fit and healthy and then you get that news.  It's devastating for everybody.
"I took so much positivity and support from the world of football and I'm sure that's going to happen."
Wolves' managing director Laurie Dalrymple said: "It goes without saying that Carl and his family will receive the full love and support that we at Wolves can provide - we are all with him every single step of the way towards a full recovery."

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"Nodular sclerosing is the most common of all types of Hodgkin lymphoma in the UK. Nearly six out of 10 of all diagnosed cases are this type and it is the most common type in young adults. It is usually found at an early stage when lymph glands in the neck become enlarged."
Cancer Research UK
The 28-year-old stopped playing football in March having again been diagnosed with nodular sclerosing Hodgkin lymphoma after previously overcoming the disease in 2014.
Thompson's treatment has included a course of chemotherapy and stem cell replacement in Manchester.
He said on Twitter: "Simple terms, I'm cancer free."
Thompson, who has also had spells with Tranmere, Bury and Southport, rejoined Rochdale, where he began his career in their youth system, from Carlisle at the start of last season.
He made 27 appearances, scoring three goals, in all competitions for his hometown club, who finished ninth in League One, and played his most recent game in the 2-2 draw at MK Dons on 11 March.
The football world was quick to congratulate Thompson on his good news.


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Question: Leicester City have made their first signing of the summer with the free-transfer capture of defender Christian Fuchs on a three-year deal.

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The 29-year-old Austria international has left Schalke after the end of his contract and will officially become a Foxes player on 1 July.
"It was always a goal for me to play in the Premier League, and I'm happy that this dream has come true," said Fuchs.
"Leicester City is a new experience and new challenge for me."
Fuchs, who plays at left-back, has 66 caps for his Austria and made 99 league appearances for Schalke before moving to England.
He has Champions League experience and has scored three times in the competition, including a goal in Schalke's 4-3 win over Real Madrid at the Bernabeu in March.
Leicester won seven of their last nine league games of the 2014-15 campaign to move clear of relegation danger and maintain their Premier League status, eventually finishing in 14th place.

The former Manchester United trainee, 23, scored five goals in 46 appearances in all competitions as the Clarets won the Championship title last season.
When contacted, Burnley declined to comment on the story.
The Foxes signed Sporting Gijon defender Luis Hernandez on a four-year deal on Tuesday.


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Question: Official figures have indicated the number of staff working in NHS Scotland has reached a record high.

But the use of agency nurses and midwives has increased substantially for the third year running.
Health secretary Shona Robison said the government was providing people with "the high-quality healthcare they deserve".
The Conservatives said the use of agency staff showed there were not enough people to cover essential work.
The figures showed that, at the end of March, 161,656 people were employed by the NHS in Scotland.
Since 2006, the workforce - excluding GPs and dentists - has increased by 9%.
Ms Robison said: "Under this government, NHS staff numbers have risen significantly, with more consultants, nurses and midwives and allied health professionals now delivering care for the people of Scotland."
She added: "In addition to having record staffing levels, Scotland is leading the UK in developing mandatory nursing and midwifery workload and workforce planning tools that help health boards to plan for the number of staff they require, ensuring the best possible care for patients.
"We know our NHS faces many pressures and is treating more patients, with more complex illnesses, than ever before.
"Despite these pressures, the fantastic staff working in the NHS continue to deliver high-quality care."
The Scottish Conservatives raised concerns about the continuing use of nurses hired through agencies.
Health spokesman Donald Cameron said: "This is a clear indication that there are not enough staff to cover Scotland's wards.
"Everyone accepts there will be times when cover needs to be called in, and that it comes at a price.
"But for millions of hours to be covered by non-permanent members of staff is quite incredible."
Scottish Labour health spokesman Anas Sarwar said: "We have seen from the GP crisis and consultant vacancies rates that the SNP government has utterly botched workforce planning in our NHS, meaning our hospitals have to turn to expensive agency staff to deliver the care patients need.
"At a time when only a third of NHS staff feel there is enough of them to do their job properly, it will leave a sour taste in the mouth that so much is being spent on agency staff."

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A report said early retirement and voluntary severance (ERVS) and flexible retirement had helped cut numbers.
It has seen full-time equivalent posts cut from 6,025 in April 2015 to 5,353 a year later - a reduction of 672.
The number of vacancies has also been reduced over the same time period from 546 to 466.
In addition, the report to councillors details the number of days being lost due to sickness among council staff.
It shows an average of more than 12 days were lost due to illness per full-time employee which exceeds a national target of nine days.
However, the local authority is meeting its target for teacher absences which sit below seven days per full-time post.


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Question: Nine children have been taken to hospital after a school bus tipped onto its side in a crash in Northamptonshire.

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The bus collided with a car shortly before 16:00 BST on Cotterstock Road, Oundle.
Police said nine children on board the bus were treated by paramedics and taken to hospital. Their injuries are not thought to be life threatening.
The driver of the car was also taken to hospital.
Officers said the road would remain closed while emergency services continued to investigate.

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The pair had to be cut free from the wreckage.
The crash happened near Midmar just before midday.


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Question: The European Tour is looking for a new chief executive after George O'Grady announced he is leaving the role.

O'Grady, who has been with the Tour for over 40 years, will remain in position until his successor is appointed.
The 65-year-old has been chief executive of the Tour, which runs the three leading men's professional golf circuits in Europe, since 2005.
O'Grady will now take up a presidential role to represent the Tour through the 2016 Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro.
He was instrumental in helping golf be reinstated as an Olympic sport for the first time in 112 years, and has also overseen the significant growth of The Ryder Cup.

Faulkner, who was chief executive at Premier League side Aston Villa until last month, fills a role that has been vacant since Mark Arthur left Forest in January 2013.
He was Villa's chief operating officer before his promotion in May 2010 and also took on the role of Premier League representative on the FA Board.
Faulkner will begin his new role with Forest on Monday, 1 September.


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Question: One of the Kremlin's most vocal critics, Alexei Navalny, has said he will stand for the Russian presidency in 2018.

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The activist and anti-corruption campaigner said those in power had stopped listening to criticism.
He won more than a quarter of the vote when he stood for Moscow mayor in 2013.
Mr Navalny accuses Russian officials of trying to keep him out of the race by putting him on trial for a second time on embezzlement charges.
Last month, Russia's supreme court ordered the retrial after the European Court of Human Rights (ECHR) ruled that Mr Navalny's right to a fair trial had been violated in a 2013 case in which "criminal law had been arbitrarily construed to the applicants' detriment". A further conviction would disqualify him from standing.
More on Navalny and Russia
President Vladimir Putin has not yet decided whether to run for the presidency for a fourth term.
Although Russia's constitution only allows two consecutive terms, Mr Putin served from 2000-2008 before becoming prime minister and returning as president in 2012 for a longer six-year term.
If he stands again and wins, he will serve until 2024. His approval rating is running at 86% according to independent pollster Levada.
"Those in power have been there for 17 years and they've stopped reacting to any criticism," Mr Navalny said in a video statement (in Russian), adding that it was important that there was a "clash of ideas" in an election, and a real choice.
The opposition activist has had considerable success as a blogger, launching a video investigation on YouTube a year ago that included detailed allegations of corruption. The video has attracted more than five million views.

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Mr Navalny was among several hundred people who were detained in connection with the rallies across the country.
The court in Moscow earlier fined him the minimum 20,000 roubles ($350) for organising the banned protests.
On Monday the Kremlin accused the opposition of encouraging lawbreaking and provoking violence.
Some young people were paid to attend, a presidential spokesman said.
Mr Navalny later repeated accusations of corruption against Prime Minister Dmitry Medvedev.
The allegations were the main reason behind Sunday's protests, which drew thousands of demonstrators nationwide, including in St Petersburg, Vladivostok, Novosibirsk, Tomsk and several other cities, as well as Moscow.
While Moscow police reported earlier that 500 people had been detained, the OVD-Info human rights group said 1,030 people had been detained in Moscow and that at least 120 of them were still being held.
Perhaps the most striking thing about the protests that swept Russia this weekend was the make-up of the crowd which included significant numbers of young people, even schoolchildren.
The Kremlin's spokesman has criticised organisers for luring them onto the streets, claiming they were paid to turn out. Silent until he spoke, state TV channels have picked up that suggestion and run with it.
But these were young Russians who have grown up under Vladimir Putin on a diet of patriotism. On Sunday, they joined a crowd chanting "Putin - thief" and "Russia will be free!"
Their presence is proof of how effectively Alexei Navalny and his team use social media.
Read more from Sarah: Why Navalny and protesters rattle Kremlin
Mr Navalny appeared in court after being detained on Sunday and spending the night in jail.  Although he escaped a jail sentence on the first charge, he was given 15 days for disobeying a police officer.
Mr Navalny's lawyer, Olga Mikhailova, told Reuters news agency she had expected such a verdict and would appeal against it.
Before his appearance on Monday, Mr Navalny, 40, tweeted from the building: "Hello everyone from Tverskoy Court. The time will come when we will have them on trial (only honestly)."
He argued it was Mr Medvedev who should be summoned as the chief organiser of the protests, because his "corrupt activities led to people coming on to the streets of 99 Russian cities".
Mr Navalny, denying all the charges, said: "They haven't heard witnesses, nor have they satisfied any of our requests. Even the slightest semblance of justice is totally absent here."
He also said again that he plans to run for president in 2018.
Mr Navalny called for the nationwide protests after he published reports claiming that Mr Medvedev controlled mansions, yachts and vineyards - a fortune that suggests income that far outstrips his official salary.
His report, posted on YouTube, has been viewed more than 12 million times.
It includes the accusation that Mr Medvedev had a special house for a duck on one of his properties - and on Sunday, some demonstrators held up images of yellow rubber ducks.
Others showed up with their faces painted green, a reference to a recent attack in which Mr Navalny was hit with green liquid.
Mr Medvedev's spokeswoman called the allegations against him "propagandistic attacks".
Many young people including teenagers took part in Sunday's protests, prompting one report to speak of the rise of the "YouTube generation" as players in the opposition movement.
Alexei Navalny's use of social media symbolises his political style, reaching out to young followers in sharp, punchy language, mocking the establishment loyal to President Vladimir Putin.
An EU spokesman said the Russian police action had "prevented the exercise of basic freedoms of expression, association and peaceful assembly, which are fundamental rights enshrined in the Russian constitution".
The statement added: "We call on the Russian authorities to abide fully by the international commitments it has made... and to release without delay the peaceful demonstrators that have been detained."
US state department spokesman Mark Toner said in a statement: "The Russian people, like people everywhere, deserve a government that supports an open marketplace of ideas, transparent and accountable governance, equal treatment under the law, and the ability to exercise their rights without fear of retribution."
Russian state television completely ignored the protests on Sunday. Monday morning's bulletins were similarly blank.
Pro-Kremlin newspapers also ignored the protests.
But the BBC's Steve Rosenberg in Moscow says there was coverage in some others. Business daily Vedomosti reported a high level of dissatisfaction with the authorities, saying that the young generation had become politicised.
Another paper refers to "Putin's disastrous anniversary" - the protests coming 17 years after the president took office - and says: "A few months ago, Alexei Navalny was seen as yesterday's man who'd missed the bus. He hasn't missed any bus."
The most prominent critic of President Putin, Mr Navalny began his anti-corruption campaign with blogs aimed at state-controlled companies in 2008.
He moved on to opposing the ruling party, United Russia, calling it the "party of crooks and thieves".
He led massive protests following the 2011 election, the biggest in Moscow in December that year, after which he was arrested and jailed for 15 days.
He has said he will run for president in 2018, but a court has convicted him of embezzlement, which would bar him. He denies the charges, calling the case farcical.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
E.g.
'['', "Campaign group Amnesty International says Brazil's military police have been responsible for more than 1,500 deaths in the city of Rio de Janeiro in the last five years."]' == '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Amnesty says it has found evidence that police killings were often illegal, with officers shooting suspects who had surrendered or had been wounded.\nThere has been no response so far from Brazil\'s military police.\nPolice unions earlier said the number of officers killed was also very high.\nIn Rio de Janeiro alone, 114 police were killed in 2014, according to the civilian police union Sindpol.\n8,466\ndeaths from police intervention in Rio de Janeiro state, 2004-15\n79% of victims in 2010-13 were black\n75% of victims aged 15-29\n114 police officers killed in 2014, police unions say\nPolice officers have in the past denied being "trigger happy", saying they act in self defence when they come under fire from drug dealers in Rio\'s sprawling favelas.\nIn a report published a year before Rio is due to host the 2016 Olympic Games, Amnesty said police were decimating a significant part of a generation of  poor, young, black men.\nAccording to statistics released by Amnesty, nearly 16% of the total homicides registered in the city in the last five years took place at the hands of on-duty police officers.\nIn 2012 more than 50% of homicide victims were aged between 15 and 29, and 77% of them were black, the figures suggest.\nAmnesty also said that incidents of police killings were rarely investigated and those responsible did not often face justice.\nBut the prosecutor\'s office in Rio de Janeiro state told BBC Brasil that 587 police officers were accused and brought to justice between 2010 and 2015.\nAtila Roque, director at Amnesty International Brazil, said the country\'s strategy to tackle its drugs and violence problem was "backfiring miserably and leaving behind a trail of suffering and devastation".\nThe pressure group says military police across Rio de Janeiro have regularly used unnecessary and excessive force during security operations in the city\'s poor neighbourhoods.\nMaria de Fatima Silva\'s son was killed in a police raid in Rio\'s Pavao-Pavaozinho favela in April 2014.\nThe case of Douglas Rafael da Silva Pereira, a professional dancer, triggered clashes between the police and residents outraged by his death.\nIt is still being investigated but Ms Silva fears his case will eventually get shelved, so she has started her own private investigation.\nShe told BBC Brasil\'s Luis Kawaguti that witnesses were afraid to testify after allegedly being threatened.\nShe said support from campaign groups had given her the courage to fight for justice for her son.']' != '['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The torch will arrive in Brazil next week and then will travel around the country ahead of the games in August.\nRio mayor Eduardo Paes says the Olympic park is almost ready but there are concerns about delays to some projects.\nA BBC correspondent says at present there is little excitement in Brazil where the president faces impeachment.\nHow did Brazil get here?\nWho could replace Dilma?\nThe proceedings against Dilma Rousseff mean there is uncertainty as to who will be in power during the Games.\nUnemployment has also risen to about 10% as the economy has contracted for the second year in a row.\nRights group Amnesty has also criticised the number of killings by police in the city\'s shantytowns, known as favelas, where residents were "living in terror".\nOfficers have killed 11 people in the favelas so far this month, Amnesty said, and were behind 307 such deaths last year.\nNevertheless, the head of Rio\'s organising committee Carlos Nuzman said the city was "ready to make history" as the flame was handed over to the Brazilians.\nThe torch will arrive on 3 May in the capital Brasilia after a short stopover in Switzerland.']'

Question: Freddy Tylicki says he has no regrets about becoming a jockey despite a fall last year that left him paralysed from the waist down.

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Tylicki was injured in a four-horse pile-up at Kempton on 31 October.
Speaking to the BBC's 5 live Daily, he says he was born to be a jockey and "wouldn't regret it one day".
The 30-year-old, who has not watched a replay of his fall, said "things were sometimes very difficult" but he was focused on staying positive.
Tylicki's life changed forever at what should have been a mundane Monday meeting at Kempton Park in Surrey.
He fell heavily from his mount, Nellie Dean, when appearing to clip heels with leader and eventual winner Madame Butterfly as the field rounded the home turn.
"A few of my colleagues have watched the fall - I haven't myself," he said. "They were saying I'm actually very lucky to be here.
"There's no point for me to watch it. I was there, that's enough. I do remember everything. Unfortunately that's racing in a way."
Tylicki spent a fortnight in intensive care and left hospital in late December to continue his rehabilitation at the London Spinal Cord Unit, with support from the Injured Jockeys' Fund.
"When you're in hospital things are very, very tough. You move on to rehab then and you get to learn these new skills and new ways of doing everything," he said.
The change cannot be overstated - from riding thoroughbreds at 30mph to life in a wheelchair. Tylicki is philosophical.
"You are having to accept things in a different way, which can trouble you. You've got good days and bad days, but at the moment I'm taking every day as it comes. For me that's the best way to handle the situation," he added.
"There's always someone worse than you. You've just got to do the best you can out of the situation. Staying positive is the main thing. It can be hard sometimes and easier other days. You've just got to learn how to deal with it."
Tylicki broke 18 ribs in the fall, but most significant of all was the T7 paralysis, which meant he no longer had movement in the lower half of his body.
"The first time I woke up after the operation - I was lying in bed and I knew I couldn't feel anything. That's when I knew I was in trouble," he said.
"Shortly after that, the doctor filled me in on what happened - the injuries I'd received. I just had to get cracking from then on."
The support I've been getting is tremendous and unbelievable
Exercises and physiotherapy now form part of his daily routine. Being shown how to dress himself, make his bed, go swimming and drive a car are all part of his rehabilitation.
"Each individual here has a timetable and you'll be kept busy until 5 o'clock," he said.
"You get to learn an awful lot. Having had a certain level of fitness before has helped me massively in some ways.
"I'm living my life day to day. The immune system is very low and infections can happen easily, but I'm concentrating on my rehab and physio."
He has been reading a lot, with a book on gambler Barney Curley - a present from trainer Jamie Osborne - next on his list.
Tylicki was born in Germany, the son of three-time German champion jockey Andrzej.
"I was born to do it. My father was a very, very good jockey and from a very young age I decided to go down that route," he said.
"I saw the ups and downs and the toughness of the job but from around 12 years of age I knew I was going to be a jockey."
Tylicki Jr was champion apprentice in Britain in 2009 and his career was on an upward curve, winning the Group One Prix de l'Opera race on Speedy Boarding at Chantilly in France just a few weeks before his Kempton fall.
"I had some very good years and some lovely winners, especially last year winning the Prix de l'Opera was definitely the icing on the cake," he said.
Tylicki said racing had given him "a tremendous way of life" and he was aware of the dangers despite falls being relatively rare in Flat racing.
"I think if you ask any Flat jockey they'd agree the jump jockeys are much braver than us Flat lads - one in every 10 rides is a fall. They're much, much tougher," he said.
"On the Flat you're going at great speed so when you do get a fall it's always 'how bad it is?' and this time I didn't get away with it.
"Accidents do happen in racing. It's a risky sport and you're aware of it as a jockey, but you don't think about it. Things can happen.
"When you've won on a few horses that absolutely took off with you - there's nothing better than that. I'm glad I've experienced that."
A GoFundMe page to raise money to help Tylicki's recovery, set up by At The Races television presenter Matt Chapman, collected more than £330,000.
He has been visited by a variety of jockeys and trainers, and received widespread support on social media from racing fans.
"The racing community is little compared to everything else in the world  but there's some fantastic people in it - the support I've been getting is tremendous and unbelievable," he said.
"I don't quite know how to thank everyone. It's been absolutely amazing."
Tylicki's sister Madeleine won her first race as a trainer three weeks after her brother's accident.
"It really was just pretty amazing," he said. "I was listening to it on my phone in bed and when the horse crossed the line I Facetimed her. Davy Russell, who rode the horse, answered the phone to me and said: 'This one's for you Freddy.'
"It was a fantastic feeling for the whole family but especially Madeleine and her partner Andrew."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Harri Jones, 18, from Wrexham, is at a hospital in Stoke-on-Trent after money was raised to fly him to the UK. He is said to be responding to questions and has moved his arms and legs.
He suffered a fractured skull and cheekbone, and lost sight in one eye following last month's accident.
It was on the first night of his first holiday abroad with friends in Kavos.


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Question: The One Show presenter Alex Jones has spoken of her wish to teach her baby son to speak Welsh but admits it might be a struggle while living in London.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Four-month-old Ted visits Wales twice a month to see his grandparents in Carmarthenshire and the TV star hopes he will be brought up to be bilingual.
He will be heading back again with his mother for the Champions League final.
Ms Jones will present a One Show special from Cardiff on Friday, the eve of the men's match.
The 40-year-old, who returned from maternity leave to the BBC One show part-time in April, said she was excited to be in the city for an event of such magnitude.
"Working in Cardiff is a dream for me - the city will be buzzing," she said.
"That's one of the best things about Cardiff - when we're hosting events like this the city comes alive."
The Ammanford-born star lived in Cardiff for years and said it still felt like her home, adding she missed it "lots and lots".
As a Welsh speaker herself, Ms Jones said she hoped to pass on the language to her son and had spoken about it with her husband, Charlie Thomson, who is from New Zealand.
"It's hard in London but I will definitely speak Welsh to him and Charlie knows the odd word," she said.
"There's a Welsh primary school here [in London]  and I would love him to go there.
"It's part of my heritage and is a big part of my identity. It's a big thing for me for Ted to experience it - I really benefitted from being bilingual."
She admitted it had been "tough" going back to work with such a young baby, although she joked that The One Show was "a break" from the "really hard job of motherhood".
"Going back part-time was the right thing to do - it's good for Ted to know women work," she added.
"And actually it comes down to necessity, there's no choice, I have to work."
She said she was looking forward to showing The One Show team "Cardiff at its best" and will even host a tour of the city for the programme, which she will be co-hosting with Patrick Kielty and Jason Mohammad from Cardiff Bay.
Top of her must-see sights?
"It's got to be Cardiff Castle," she said.
"There's a lot of history for us there as we got married there. It has beautiful grounds for a picnic and has lots of interesting history. And the view from the top is spectacular.
"I'm a bit out of the loop with where to go for a night out having had a baby but you can't go wrong with Cardiff Bay on a sunny evening."
It is, perhaps, where she will be heading after finishing her live broadcast for The One Show on Friday.
"I'm having my first night out with my friends since having the baby afterwards," she added.
"It's going to be amazing. I know Cardiff will do us proud."
The One Show - Live in Cardiff is on BBC One at 19:00 BST on Friday, 2 June

She tweeted that the baby is due in the new year, saying that she feels "so lucky".
The Ammanford-born television presenter, 39, married husband Charlie Thomson in December 2015.
In a recent interview, she said she did not regret leaving it late to start a family, saying she wanted to marry someone who would "be a great father".
On Friday, she tweeted: "Charlie & I are very happy to confirm that we're expecting a baby in the new year. Feel so lucky that we're about to become parents."
The former Strictly Come Dancing contestant studied at Aberystwyth University and has hosted shows in both English and Welsh.
She is currently making a documentary called The Truth About Fertility and gave an interview to the Radio Times about it.
"My mum went through the menopause early (at 43), but I don't regret leaving it late," she said.
"I wanted to marry someone who would be a great father. He came along when I was older and now children could happen, which is great."
In the same interview, she spoke of the pressures on women to have children later, adding, "that's where the problem lies."


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Eleven arts projects will get funding to take Welsh culture to India as part of the UK-India 2017 cultural season.

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Provided: "['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'They said there had been seven injury accidents at the site since improvements were carried out in 2011.\nThe two organisations have written to the Scottish government asking it to help resolve the issue.\nTransport Scotland is investigating the problems and hopes to have completed its studies by the end of March.\nNHS chairman John Raine and SBC leader David Parker are behind the calls for action on the junction from the hospital to the Melrose bypass - the A6091 road.\n"I have received considerable representation from staff and patients at the BGH about concerns at the road junction and the regular accidents that take place there," Mr Raine said.\n"There are very real worries about the entrance to the BGH and it is completely unacceptable that the region\'s only hospital should have an accident blackspot at its entrance."\nMr Parker said "minor tweaks" had been made in 2012 but it was time for "something more substantial" to be done.\n"The road junction at the BGH is in my ward, and as well as my own constituents who regularly raise concerns, a great many people from communities across the Borders have made representations to me about the unacceptable nature of the junction and the many accidents which happen there," he said.\nAs well as writing to Transport Minister Derek Mackay, the council and the health board have contacted local MPs and MSPs to raise the issue.\nA Transport Scotland spokesperson said: "Road safety is a key priority and we can confirm the Borders General Hospital junction has been identified for investigation.\n"Our operating company for the south east unit, Amey, are due to complete this road safety investigation by the end of March and we will consider any recommendations made once the report has been received."']" Match: "['represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'NHS Borders and Scottish Borders Council have called for decisive action over an "accident blackspot" at the junction to Borders General Hospital.']"

Welsh and Indian creative professionals will travel to each other's countries to work together and produce new works including books, music and dance.
The projects will get a share of the £450,000 India Wales Fund.
It is a joint Wales Arts International and British Council scheme which aims to help build relationships between the two countries.
Performances will take place in India and Wales and some of the work will be available online, with artists and audiences in both countries benefiting from workshops, tours and talks.
The projects include:
The full list of selected projects will be announced at the Wales Millennium Centre by Economy Secretary Ken Skates.
He said: "The UK-India Year of Culture 2017 offers an important opportunity for Wales and India to refresh and strengthen these links and also to create new dynamic connections and creative collaborations."
Indian Honorary Consul to Wales, Raj Aggarwal, said: "Wales and India share a love of music, dancing, theatre and literature so this cultural exchange is a fantastic opportunity for each country to share the heritage of each other's performing arts.
"A collaboration of Welsh, English and Bengali writers will bring together the works of six writers with live performance and the publication of a new tri-lingual work.
"This is an amazing opportunity not just to see and enjoy the other country's culture and talent, but to actually work together to create a hybrid from the two that fuse our nation's cultures in the future."

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The funding will support skills, talent development and projects which connect with Scotland's diverse communities.
The Scottish government has allocated the cash through the Edinburgh Festivals Expo Fund in 2017/18.
The first of the projects will be Talent Lab, part of the Edinburgh International Film Festival's programme for new and emerging film-makers.
Culture Secretary Fiona Hyslop said the money was an investment in the skills and talent of both emerging and established artists.
She said: "As Edinburgh festivals celebrate their 70th anniversary, it is a time for our artists to dream, reflect, invent and celebrate by bringing Scotland to the world and the world to Scotland through arts and culture.
"I look forward to seeing the cultural excellence of our world renowned festivals over the coming months.
"The Scottish government Expo funding cycle kicks off with the Edinburgh International Film Festival, which will receive £110,000.
"I'm proud that this funding has helped our young people access the film industry by offering a range of activities to inspire and support their careers."
Other events to receive funding are the Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival (£140,000), Edinburgh Art Festival (£140,000), Edinburgh Festival Fringe Society (£560,000), Edinburgh International Festival (£200,000), and Edinburgh International Science Festival 2018 (£130,000).
Ken Hay, chairman of Festivals Edinburgh, said the funding would help ensure Scottish artists "have a pre-eminent place on the most global of Scotland's cultural platforms to showcase our creative, outward looking nation".
Lorna Duguid of Creative Scotland said: "This funding will enable the creation and exhibition of new work and create important connections that will showcase Scotland's rich creative talent internationally."


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Question: A motorcyclist has died in a collision with a 4x4 vehicle in Pembrokeshire.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The man was riding a black Kawasaki motorcycle when it was in a crash with a grey Mitsubishi Shogun on the B4319, Pembroke to Maidenwells road.
Dyfed-Powys Police said the road was closed for examinations and inquiries to take place, and will remain so until further notice.
Officers are appealing for anyone who witnessed the collision, or anyone with any information, to contact them.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Patricia McAuslan, 32, from Glasgow, died in the accident at about 19:40 on Thursday.
Her Ford Focus was in collision with a Scania heavy goods vehicle.
Ms McAuslan was pronounced dead at the scene of the accident. The 43-year-old driver of the HGV was uninjured in the incident.


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Question: A joint European and Russian space mission - the ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter (TGO) - has left for Mars to study methane and other rare gases in the Red Planet's atmosphere, and drop a lander on its surface.

The TGO is expected to take seven months to travel the 500 million km (310 million miles) to Mars, and then almost another year to manoeuvre itself into position, meaning the satellite's observations will not properly start until late 2017.
What does this mean for plans to put an astronaut on Mars?
In 2010 President Obama tasked the US space Agency Nasa with the goal of putting an astronaut in Martian orbit, and later on to the planet itself.
But the challenges - technical, political and financial - are enormous. A recent report from the US Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel raised safety concerns about the proposed transportation spacecraft and criticised Nasa for a lack of detail in its overall Mars plans.
Four experts - including two senior figures from Nasa - talk to the BBC Inquiry programme about what it would take to put a man on Mars.
Bill Hill is deputy associate administrator of the Exploration Systems Development division at Nasa. He oversees the Orion spacecraft and the Space Launch System.
"Keeping the weight down of the vehicle, the spacecraft, that's our key focus. The bigger you make the rocket, the more mass you have to lift off the surface of the Earth.
"Say you want to go for 500 days - you're going to have to take food, water for the crew to consume and use for hygiene, all the air, so it just multiplies the amount of weight that you have to lift off the Earth's surface.
"That's where the Space Launch System - the heavy lift launch vehicle - will come in.  Where the Saturn V basically took up an Apollo capsule and a lander for going to the lunar surface, we're looking at 130 metric tonne lift capability that can put somewhere between 40 to 50 metric tonnes out past the low Earth orbit. It's a capability that, frankly, nobody else has today.
"The crew spacecraft Orion can actually be used for up to about 1,000 days, and that's how we're designing the systems inside - the environmental control systems and life support systems to support a crew of four initially for up to 1,000 days. It'll have basic benches, crew interfaces, flat screen monitors, a toilet and some hygiene capability. It's basically for transportation, not necessarily to live in for the full duration to go to Mars and back.
"We would use a module, a habitat portion, for where the crew would live and work on a daily basis, [with] a much larger volume. That is going to need areas to store food, tanks to store oxygen and water.  Our goal is to have some sort of closed loop system for life support where we will pull water out of the air, regenerate carbon dioxide into oxygen, and do similar things like we're doing on the space station today where we have a urine processor and reclaim the water for drinking.
"We'll probably not use it to enter the Martian atmosphere because then we'd have to figure out a way to connect it to something to lift it off the surface and bring it back. But we need the heavy lift launch vehicle and the crew spacecraft; using those two fundamental cornerstones as our initial capabilities to actually go out and explore."
Astronaut Samantha Cristoforetti has spent longer in space on a single mission than any other woman, returning to Earth last June after 200 days. Her experience - and that of  Scott Kelly who has just returned after 340 days in space - is vital to understanding the potential impact of a lengthy voyage to Mars.
"You lose muscle, because you're not using your muscles that much. But you also lose bone mass, because bone is actually a living tissue. All the time we have bone cells that die, and are replaced by new, fresh bone cells. In a healthy person, that is in balance, so that you always keep your overall bone mass.
"But what happens in space is because you don't have that mechanical load on the bones, you destroy a lot more bone cells than you've actually built.
What would it take to put a man on Mars?
"We try to induce some load on our muscles and bones by working out for about two hours every day. Believe it or not, we can do weightlifting in weightlessness. We have a really cool machine which is based on vacuum cylinders, and it allows you to do things like squats, dead lifts and bench presses.
"As soon as you get to space, fluids shift from the lower parts of your body towards the upper parts. Visually you can sometimes see it on astronauts, because they have what we call a puffy face and skinny legs, and that's really due to this fluid redistribution, because there is no gravity pulling the fluids towards the leg like it is on the ground when you're standing.
"We don't know everything quite yet. Quite a number of astronauts actually lose a little bit of eyesight when they are in space for a long time, and that might be related to an increased pressure in the head due to that bodily shift.
"In the Space Station we're still in an area close to Earth, which is protected from damaging radiation coming from outer space. Once you leave that protected environment, then you are much more exposed to dangerous radiations. So we will definitely have to come up with a good, solid plan on how to protect our crew on the way to the Moon or on the way to Mars.
"We are not really very isolated on the Space Station - we're in continuous contact with the ground. You can basically communicate in real time. We get the news. We even get to have video conferences with our families, which is all wonderful, but only a fraction of that I think would be possible if you went on a journey to Mars."
Jason Crusan is the director of the Advanced Exploration Systems division at Nasa.
"What would they breathe? We would actually bring oxygen with us. Mars atmosphere has a lot of CO2 in its atmosphere so we can remove the oxygen out of it to create breathable air. Initially we'll bring a lot of the gases with us that we need to do that but over time we'll actually bring machinery with us to actually separate out from the atmosphere breathable oxygen.
"When we first started, we didn't believe there was any water on Mars. It's a bit of a joke now because we've discovered there's a significant amount of water on the planet, and we would look at the ability to capture water from the surface of Mars and process it and use it, much like you would here.
"Food is a challenging area. We obviously fly all of our food into space today, we don't grow anything on orbit besides experiments. Food has a shelf life; bringing our own food reduces its nutritional value and we're talking about missions that are maybe a year to three years in duration. So we are looking at how we grow not our primary food sources, but food to augment the food that we bring with us.
"Near the Equator you would see temperatures that are kind of similar to a spring day here on Earth, but then you'd have night temperatures that would actually be quite extreme, going to minus 100F. The temperatures are extremely challenging, and so you always have to live within a spacesuit or some kind of rover or habitat while you're there.
"One of the best radiation shields is water, so that will be stored in key areas in order to provide shielding within the structures themselves. [We would] eventually have radiation sensors in orbit, monitoring for radiation events so that we can give a warning to the crew before a significant event so they can go into a sheltered area.
"The large dust storms that you see in [films] would not have the effect that you see in Hollywood, because the atmosphere is relatively thin. Even what would look like a hurricane force doesn't have the force to do significant damage to your habitat, but there'll be challenges if you're outside in it because your ability to see from all the dust will be impaired.
"I think logistics will be the biggest challenge. If something breaks, you're a long way from home to get a spare. Our entire experience in space to date has been an orbit around Earth or to the Moon, relatively close distances. In the space station today if something breaks you can send a replacement part.
"When we go to Mars, we have to take everything that you'd ever expect to break, and even those things we wouldn't expect to break."
Dr Jill Stuart is editor-in-chief of the Elsevier Journal of Space Policy.
"There's the question of who has the money to do this, where will it come from, and what will their incentives be?
"I like the narrative of [the Moon landings] being about science and the frontier of human kind, but in reality, I would argue politics was very much behind it. It's very expensive, so in order to go into outer space, to have a manned space programme, you need to have political clout, the backing of your population.
"During the Cold War, the Soviet Union and the United States were competing with each other in the space race, and outer space was a proxy arena for them to compete in a way that didn't actually require military conflict.
"I don't think the space race analogy would apply so clearly now - it's a different environment.
What would it take to put a man on Mars?
"The US space programme is subject to political administrations; Americans like the idea of space exploration but there's not an obvious constituency for it in terms of voting, so it tends to get tacked on later on in an individual president's term, so it's difficult to say whether or not these plans for Mars will outlast multiple administrations.
"But if it does then I think that they are the most likely to have the next manned mission, and would probably involve junior partners who are political allies in order to shore up those alliances, and also to have the financial support.
"They would probably also partner with commercial entities such as Space-X or Blue Origin - new companies that are government-backed but private - and are providing a lot of the space infrastructure to get there.
"There are discussions amongst politicians and scientists and the commercial industry so I think it's definitely the next big prize. I do think it will happen, but I think the timeline will probably be longer than is being talked about right now. I'm going to say 2045."
The Inquiry is broadcast on the BBC World Service on Tuesdays from 12:05 GMT. Listen online or download the podcast.

Telescopes and satellites have reported seeing small but significant volumes of the gas, but the six-wheeled robot can pick up no such trace.
On Earth, 95% of atmospheric methane is produced by microbial organisms.
Researchers have hung on to the hope that the molecule's signature at Mars might also indicate a life presence.
The inability of Curiosity's sophisticated instrumentation to make this detection is likely now to dent this optimism.
"Based on previous measurements, we were expecting to go there and find 10 parts per billion (ppbv) or more, and we were excited about finding it. So when you go to search for something and you don't find it, there's a sense of disappointment," said Dr Chris Webster, the principal investigator on Curiosity's Tuneable Laser Spectrometer (TLS).
The Nasa rover's search is reported online in a paper published by Science Magazine.
Curiosity has been sucking in Martian air and scanning its components since shortly after landing in August 2012.
From these tests, it has not been possible to discern any methane to within the present limits of the TLS's sensitivity.
This means that if the gas is there, it can constitute no more than 1.3ppbv of the atmosphere - equivalent to just over 10,000 tonnes of the gas.
This upper limit is about six times lower than the previous estimates of what should be present, based on the satellite and telescope observations.
The number of 1.3ppbv is very low, and will put a question mark against the robustness of those earlier measurements.
The fact that Curiosity is working at ground level and in one location should not matter, as the Martian atmosphere is known to mix well over the course of half a year.
Methane at Mars could have a number of possible sources, of course - not just microbial activity.
It could be delivered by comets or asteroids, or produced internally by geological processes.
But it is the link to life that has most intrigued planetary scientists.
Earth's atmosphere contains billions of tonnes of methane, the vast majority of it coming from microbes, such as the organisms found in the digestive tracts of animals.
The speculation has been that some methane-producing bugs, or methanogens, could perhaps exist on Mars if they lived underground, away from the planet's harsh surface conditions.
This theory was bolstered by the previous observations making their detections in spring-time. It was suggested that the seasonal rise in temperatures was melting surface ices and allowing trapped methane to rise into the atmosphere in plumes.
But in Dr Webster's view, Curiosity's inability to detect appreciable amounts of methane now makes this scenario much less likely.
"This observation doesn't rule out the possibility of current microbial activity, [but] it lowers the probability certainly that methanogens are the source of that activity," he told the BBC's Science In Action Programme.
Or as team-member Prof Sushil Atreya, from the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor, put it: "There could still be other types of microbes on Mars. This just makes it harder for there to be microbes that kick out methane."
Dr Geronimo Villanueva is affiliated to the Catholic University of America and is based at Nasa's Goddard Space Flight Center.
He studies the Martian atmosphere using telescopes here on Earth.  He cautioned that additional, much more precise measurements were needed from the rover before firm conclusions could be drawn.
"This is an evolving story as we get more numbers," he told BBC News.
"If Curiosity's statistics hold, it's important because it sets a new bound. Methane should last a long time in the atmosphere and the fact that the rover doesn't see it puts a big constraint on possible releases. But I would like to see more and better Curiosity results, and more orbiter results as well."
Dr Olivier Witasse is the project scientist on the European Space Agency's (Esa) Mars Express satellite, which made the very first claimed methane detection back in 2003.
He also said much more data was required.
"There is some indication from the Mars Express data - and it has not been published yet because it's a very complicated measurement - that the methane might peak at a certain altitude, at 25-40km. The Curiosity results are interesting but they have not yet settled the issue."
Esa has its ExoMars Trace Gas Orbiter launching in 2016, which will be able to make further methane searches. And the Indian space agency (Isro) is due to despatch its Mangalyaan probe to the Red Planet later this year.  This, too, has methane detection high on its list of objectives.
Curiosity itself will work to improve its readings, and will shortly deploy an "enrichment" process that will amplify any methane signal that might be present.
"We can lower that upper limit down to tens of parts per trillion, maybe 50 parts per trillion," said Dr Webster.
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos


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Question: Work is set to begin on a pump to protect hundreds of flood-hit homes in Rhyl from the tides.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Around 400 residents in east Rhyl were forced to leave their properties when severe storms breached the sea defences in December 2013.
Chaz Moore, whose bungalow was flooded when the sea wall collapsed, said it was a "risk" living in the area.
The third and final phase of Â£1.1m of improvements by Denbighshire Council is due to start on Tuesday.
Cllr David Smith, of Denbighshire Council, admitted the flooding was a "major catastrophe" and major work had been done to protect properties from a repeat of three years ago.
"It will be a lot safer knowing what we know now, but the one thing that I cannot say, that no one can say, is that it will not happen again," he said.
"It is as safe as we can do it."
Mr Moore, who had only been living in his home for six months when the storms hit, said about 18in of water flooded through his bungalow.
Watching back his home video of the floods, Mr Moore said: "If you listen to the soundtrack, my wife is on the phone to her sister, saying 'we need someone to part the sea for us'.
"We definitely feel safer, we have got to say that, it is a risk living here, but the benefits are great."
The work will involve the construction of a new storm water "outfall" which will pump out the flood water from a holding lagoon at the golf club, channelling it out to sea during low tide.

The storms, which began in October last year, have forced many from their homes and are set to make the 2013-14 winter the wettest on record. More than 5,000 homes and businesses have been flooded and many rivers in southern England have reached their highest ever recorded levels.
Scroll down to see a visual timeline of the winter storms.
In late October, a powerful storm named St Jude caused chaos across parts of Europe. Four people died after the storm hit Britain, leading to 625,000 homes losing power, and rail and flight cancellations.
At the height of the storm, a top wind speed of 99mph was recorded on the Isle of Wight.
A series of major storms went on to batter the country, starting on the 5 and 6 December, causing disruption for many as the strong winds and rain brought down power lines, flooded homes and triggered landslips.
Thousands of people were evacuated and England's east coast experienced the worst tidal surge in 60 years.
South West England was shaken by further storms. High winds and heavy rain caused power outages, road closures and widespread travel disruption.
The Environment Agency warned of flooding on the Somerset Levels and alarm bells rang for the Local Government Association which urged people to look online for details of emergency accommodation in case they were forced out of their homes by rising water levels.
In fact, December 2013 turned out to be the stormiest since 1969.
Met Office figures showed the month was one of the windiest since January 1993. The figures were based on analysis of wind speeds above 50 knots (58mph) at a number of weather stations in the UK.
December was also a very wet month. The UK received 184.7mm of rain, making it the sixth wettest December on record for the country as a whole. But Scotland was drenched in its wettest December on record, with an average rainfall of 296.1mm, beating the previous high set in 1986 of 268.5mm.
Stormy weather continued to wreak havoc into January. A combination of high winds, rain and strong waves battered the coastline and also caused flooding further inland.
Homeowners on the inundated Somerset Levels began to be evacuated. As the month progressed, anger grew and residents accused the Environment Agency of neglecting the rivers.
Along the coastline, the landmark rock arch in Porthcothan Bay in Cornwall was reduced to rubble and in Portland, Dorset, a rock stack off the coast, known locally as Pom Pom rock, was washed away.
As rain continued to fall and floods worsened, a "major incident" was declared in late January by two councils - Somerset County and Sedgemoor District - in a bid to mobilise extra support. This included a request to the armed forces to consider helping those who had been cut off.
Environment Secretary Owen Paterson visited the area and was confronted by angry residents lambasting a failure to dredge the rivers.
Prime Minister David Cameron later announced rivers in Somerset would be dredged once all floodwater had drained off the Levels and the river banks were safe.
Somerset Levels floods
Like December, January ended up breaking records for rainfall.
Parts of England had their wettest January since records began more than 100 years ago. The Met Office said much of southern England and parts of the Midlands had seen twice the average rainfall for January.
Another major storm in early February forced more people from their homes, left thousands without power and destroyed a stretch of railway,
A section of the sea wall in Dawlish, Devon, collapsed and left the railway to Cornwall suspended in mid-air.
David Cameron chaired his first Cobra meeting this year and announced an extra Â£100m for flood works.
Further flooding across the Somerset Levels left farmland and businesses under water and forced more residents to evacuate their homes.
Moorland flooding
Moorland defences
Muchelney rescue
Moorland landowner Sam Notaro is doing his best to fight the floodwaters by building a barrier around his recently-built home.
Royal Marines have been drafted in to help build sandbag walls around other properties in Moorland - where dozens homes have been evacuated.
For weeks, the village of Muchelney has only been accessible by boat, as roads are submerged beneath the floodwater.
Gales continued to batter southern parts of the UK, with coastal areas hit by wind and rain. Gusts reached 80mph on the coasts of Cornwall, the Bristol Channel and west Wales.
Landslips and floods meant all rail routes into south-west England were blocked.
In Surrey, the River Thames burst its banks at Chertsey, with homeowners warned to expect flooding.
An the month continued, more bad weather arrived. Thousands of properties in Wales were left without power following winds of up to 112mph.
Severe flood warnings were in place in parts of Cornwall, Gloucestershire, Somerset, Berkshire and Surrey.
Flooding along the Thames continued to force people from their homes, as the river reached its highest level in 60 years.
Compiled by Lucy Rodgers and Mark Bryson


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: BBC Sport's football expert Mark Lawrenson is pitting his wits against a different guest each week this season.

Lawro's opponent for this weekend's Premier League games is actor Ed Skrein, star of Game of Thrones and new superhero movie Deadpool.
Skrein is a Liverpool fan and told BBC Sport: "I should support Arsenal because I grew up in north London but my auntie and my cousins are to blame for me picking Liverpool instead in about 1987.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"I grew up through the golden years for Arsenal and Manchester United under Arsene Wenger and Sir Alex Ferguson, which was tough, but I love my team when they're losing as well as when they're winning.
"I am very excited about Jurgen Klopp being Liverpool manager. When he was appointed I spoke to my brother and said 'this is something that is going to be this romantic whirlwind'. It feels like it is all going to end in tears but we will enjoy every minute of it."
You can hear more of Ed's tales of following the Reds on the BBC Sport website.
Our scoring system has changed this season and a correct result (picking a win, draw or defeat) is now worth 10 points. The exact score earns 40 points.
Last weekend, Lawro got six correct results from 10 matches, including two perfect scores.
His score of 120 points saw him beat Dad's Army stars Blake Harrison and Daniel Mays, who picked three correct results but no perfect scores for a total of 30.
Make your own predictions now, compare them with Lawro and other fans, and try to take your team to the top of the leaderboard by playing the BBC Sport Predictor game.
All kick-offs 15:00 GMT unless otherwise stated
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Ed's prediction: 1-0
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Ed's prediction: 0-0
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
Ed's prediction: I went down to Selhurst Park earlier in the season and enjoyed it. They are a great team with a good manager. 2-0
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Ed's prediction: 2-1
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Ed's prediction: 1-1
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Ed's prediction: 1-2
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Ed's prediction: 2-0
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Ed's prediction: 1-1
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Ed's prediction: 0-2
Match report
Lawro's prediction: 2-2
Ed's prediction: 2-1
Match report
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Lawro's best score: 160 points (week 19 v Guy Mowbray)
Lawro's worst score: 20 points (week one v Graeme Swann & week 23 v Ice Cube and Kevin Hart)

Lawro picked the winner in two of the four quarter-finals and six of the eight last-16 ties.
He enjoyed a 42% success rate in the group stage, correctly guessing the outcome of 15 of the 36 games.
The only group he failed to get a single result in was Group F, which saw Hungary and Iceland spring a surprise by finishing first and second.
Before the tournament Lawro chose 11 of the 16 teams that went through to the first knockout stage, including France, his pick to win the tournament on 10 July.
Along with more than 375,000 of you, Lawro is taking part in the new BBC Sport Predictor game. He is going head-to-head with pundits, presenters and commentators from across BBC Sport. He's doing well, though he's not top as things stand:
You can make your own predictions and take on your friends and other fans using the BBC's Euros Predictor.
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 1-1 (Wales to win on penalties)
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 0-2


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Question: A group that represents climbers and hill walkers has experienced a backlash from its members over its objections to new forestry targets.

Mountaineering Scotland wrote a joint letter with the Scottish Gamekeepers Association.
It asked for upland moors to be protected from commercial tree-planting.
The letter to the environment secretary was prompted by the Scottish government's draft Climate Change Plan.
It sets a target of increasing forest cover from 17% to 25% of the land mass by 2050.
Following the letter, many Mountaineering Scotland members have said they support the planting of native species and describe the moorland as a man-made habitat.
Others have questioned the group's association with gamekeepers.
The outdoors writer and TV presenter Cameron McNeish wrote on Twitter: "Disagree with #Mountaineering Scotland over {the} issue of woodlands.  Shocked they have got into bed with moorland owners.
"My own preference would be for reducing deer and sheep numbers to allow natural regeneration, not planting. Growth can be incredibly fast."
BBC Scotland revealed on Wednesday that the joint letter had been sent to the Scottish government.
The letter states: "Our concern is whether adequate weight is being given to the significant changes this will have on the landscape of Scotland and in particular the dramatic open views and vistas which have come to signify to the outside world that which is unique about our country."
Responding to the criticism, chief executive David Gibson said: "Mountaineering Scotland welcomes the passion shown by our members and others but regrets that our position has been substantially misunderstood and has caused concern to members.
"The feedback has strengthened our resolve to take a stronger stance on conservation issues, including hill tracks and land management practices.
"Our collaboration with the Scottish Gamekeepers Association was on a single issue and does not indicate agreement with them on any other policy or issue."
Mountaineering Scotland, formerly the Mountaineering Council of Scotland (MCofS), issued a clarification on Thursday saying they were not opposed to the planting of native trees.
Outdoor writer Chris Townsend said: "Having read the clarification, I have to say as a member and an ex-president of the MCofS I think it's pathetic, disappointing and naive."
But Reforesting Scotland, a charity which promotes tree planting, backed the underlying call for a government policy on upland moors.
A spokesman told BBC Scotland: "Scotland's upland landscape is largely a man-made construct caused by deforestation and maintained that way through excessive grazing and burning for the benefit of a few.
"There is a need to protect areas of valuable moorland but not at the level it exists at present. The balance is wrong and we need to bring all interested parties together to decide where that new balance should lie."
Professor Dominick Spracklen, of the School of Earth and Environment at the University of Leeds, said: "The distinction between plantation forestry and native woodlands is absolutely critical to this discussion - open, patchy native woodlands do not have the impact on "grand vistas" that dense plantation forestry does."
Citing Glen Affric, Glen Strathfarrar, Glen Feshie and Beinn Eighe, he added: "These are iconic landscapes - a mix of native trees, moorland and mountain - that are much more interesting than they would be if they had no trees. The clarification from the Mountaineering Council recognises this."
The Scottish government's draft Climate Change Plan includes planting more trees because forests can act as a carbon "sink", removing greenhouse gases from the atmosphere.
A spokesman said: "The increased woodland creation targets announced by the Scottish government as part of its Climate Change Plan will be taken forward in a sustainable way, including working closely with a range of stakeholders.
"This will include appropriate consideration of Scotland's distinctive upland landscapes."

In a column for the Walk Highlands website, Mr McNeish said there had been several "failures in governance" by the park authority.
He has written to First Minister Nicola Sturgeon urging change.
The park's chief executive, Gordon Watson, said Mr McNeish's allegations were "totally unfounded".
The broadcaster's comments focus on plans approved by the authority in April that would ban camping without a permit around many of the lochs in the park.
The proposals have been criticised by some outdoor recreation groups in Scotland, but the park maintains that the measures are necessary to protect the environment from anti-social behaviour. They have also seen widespread support from residents of the park.
The authority wants to establish four "camping management" areas on the busiest loch shores with investment in new official camping facilities, including 300 new camping places.
The plans are currently with Scottish ministers awaiting a final decision.
But Mr McNeish, who lives in Newtonmore in the Cairngorm National Park, said government approval of the by-laws would "damage land reform progress and drastically reduce the opportunities for public enjoyment of the outdoors".
He also accused the park authority of "misusing statistics" to bolster its case.
A document outlining these points, signed by Mr McNeish, has been sent to Ms Sturgeon and the Environment Minister, Dr Aileen McLeod.
It has also been signed by former MP and MSP Dennis Canavan, Dave Morris, the former director of Ramblers Scotland, and Nick Kempe - ex-president of the Mountaineering Council of Scotland and former board member of Scottish Natural Heritage.
Mr Kempe has made a series of Freedom of Information requests relating to the park's management of issues like the by-laws and the approval of the gold mine at Cononish near Tyndrum.
Mr McNeish wrote in his column: "Our advice to the Scottish government is concise and clear. The camping by-laws issue points to a clear need for effective, co-ordinated government action to help the national park out of the cul-de-sac into which it has driven with the camping by-law proposals.
"The essential first step must be the abandonment of the camping by-law proposals.
"We already have strong legislation in place to deal with the kind of problems the park board wants to solve with by-laws - litter, vandalism, loutish behaviour etc, but the Scottish government also needs to support the park in the development of an adequate camping infrastructure over the next 10 years, even if that means compulsory purchase of suitable locations."
However, the national park has strongly defended its decision to approve the legislation.
"The proposals referred to are based on years of experience of dealing with issues that are destroying the fragile environment that makes the national park such a special and cherished place," Mr Watson said.
"They were developed after many months of discussions at over 70 meetings with a wide range of stakeholders including outdoor recreation groups, and of course our local communities whose lives are blighted by these issues year-in, year-out."
Mr Watson, who took over as chief executive of the park earlier this year, said the measures would affect just 3.7% of the park and were aimed at "dramatically improving the experience of the national park for everyone".
"We completely refute the allegations in the [Mr McNeish's] blog, which are totally unfounded," he added.
The park's proposals are rooted in a "Five Lochs" study, which originally looked at problems around Loch Venachar, Loch Lubnaig, Loch Earn, Loch Achray and Loch Voil.
The study followed camping and alcohol bans along parts of east Loch Lomond, introduced in 2011. The park says the bans have resulted in more families visiting the area and a reduction in anti-social behaviour.
If the Scottish government approves the park's proposals, wild camping would be banned around almost all of the Trossachs lochs, as well as most of the west shore of Loch Lomond and the northern tip of Loch Long.


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Question: Hackers tried to access over 20 million active accounts on the Taobao shopping site, Chinese state media has said.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Inputting login details from a stolen database of 99 million, they found nearly 21 million of the usernames were also being used for Taobao accounts.
And, in November 2015, attempts to access those accounts were detected.
Owner Alibaba advised customers to change their passwords, and Chinese police have now made arrests in connection with the attempted hack.
"Alibaba's system was never breached," a spokesman said.

A hacker, or hacking group, published via Twitter what they said were records of 9,000 DHS employees.
According to technology news site Motherboard, the hacker has said he will soon share the personal information of 20,000 DoJ employees, including staff at the FBI.
The news site said it had verified small portions of the breach, but also noted that some of the details listed appeared to be incorrect or possibly outdated.
In a statement, the DHS told journalists: "We take these reports very seriously, however there is no indication at this time that there is any breach of sensitive or personally identifiable information."
The Department of Justice also downplayed the breach's significance.
The hacker is understood to have used simple human engineering to bypass one stage of the authorities' security systems.
Motherboard quoted the hacker, who explained: "So I called up, told them I was new and I didn't understand how to get past [the portal].
"They asked if I had a token code, I said no, they said that's fine - just use our one."
The security of government systems was put under scrutiny last year when it was discovered that data on more than five million people was stolen from the Office of Personnel Management.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: A 19-year-old man has been taken to hospital after being beaten by a gang at a house in Glengormley, County Antrim.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!
Example:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Media playback is not supported on this device\nRoy Hodgson\'s side were knocked out of Euro 2012 by Italy on penalties.\n"I don\'t attach any blame to Roy Hodgson," Shearer told BBC Sport. "But I don\'t go along with the idea England go home with their heads held high.\n"It\'s no good sitting here saying we will win the World Cup in two years\' time. The reality is we will not."\n"Alan Shearer\'s outspoken comments about England will strike a chord with those who believe Euro 2012 confirmed that a change of football culture is needed in this country.\n"They may not go down well with the players who fought so hard against a vastly-superior Italy before losing in the quarter-final in Kiev, but he is only echoing the thoughts of many."\nHodgson\'s side were beaten by Italy last Sunday after being outclassed in a goalless draw in Kiev.\nEngland\'s players won plaudits for an improved performance in Poland and Ukraine, after a disastrous World Cup in South Africa in 2010.\nGermany coach Joachim Loew - who masterminded a 4-1 thrashing of Fabio Capello\'s side two years ago - has praised Hodgson\'s management, and said that "England will develop under him in the next few years."\nBut Shearer sees a vast gulf in quality between England and the likes of Spain and Loew\'s Germany side.\n"The big thing people have spoken about is the togetherness and work ethic but if you just want 11 guys to go out and work hard, I can find you 11 men from Newcastle city centre who will work their socks off," he said.\n"That has to be a given, whether at a club or even more so for an international team.\n"We are a million miles away from the top sides. Heads held high? Do you think France will go home to that reception?\n"It\'s a sign of how far behind we are now that we can go home and say we can hold our heads up high for getting into the quarter finals."\nThe Football Association recently voted in proposals for youth coaching which include smaller-sided games on smaller pitches with smaller goals.\nBut Shearer believes any progress on the international stage will need a vast improvement in the coaching culture of the country, which could take years.\nHe said: "We have got to get out of the habit of going to tournaments thinking we can win it. This tournament has proven that. We need a change in culture and to be fair to the FA they are trying to change things now.\n"It\'s going to take time to put these systems in place. Our league is the best in the world for entertainment but only because it is full of foreigners."\nFellow England international and BBC Sport pundit Lee Dixon also called for changes.\n"Let\'s remind ourselves where we were two years ago under Capello," he said. "We have come on, the team was an absolute shambles. We have repaired that but we haven\'t moved forwards football-wise.\n"If you go and watch how they teach kids to play football on the continent, they are all doing it a different way to us. And we are not progressing, so they must be doing it right.\n"It\'s not rocket science."']" Match: "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details!', 'Former captain Alan Shearer believes England have no chance of winning the 2014 World Cup and are "a million miles away" from the top international sides.']"

Four men, three of whom were armed with baseball bats or metal bars, entered the property in the Queens Avenue area at about 21:50 BST on Friday.
Police said the victim sustained injuries to both of his legs and was taken to hospital.
His injuries are not thought to be life-threatening.

Paul Edward Burns, of no fixed abode, is accused of threatening to kill Edward Gibson, and of disorderly behaviour, during an incident at the Royal Victoria Hospital.
Mr Gibson, 28, was shot in his stomach and thigh in an alleyway beside Divis Tower on Friday.
He died in hospital.


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Question: An unbeaten century from captain Varun Chopra secured a draw for Warwickshire against Hampshire at Edgbaston.

The hosts, chasing 379 to win, began slowly and Chopra's caution increased after a middle-order collapse of three wickets for 25 runs.
The opener laboured for five and a half hours for his 17th first class century off 269 balls and ended on 119 not out.
Tim Ambrose (29) also played a patient innings, despite being forced to use a runner after suffering a leg injury.
Hampshire bowled tightly on a pitch that became easier for batting as the day went on, with Warwickshire scoring 65 runs in the morning session.
Ian Westwood (40) was trapped lbw by Andre Adams before lunch and three quick wickets after the interval strengthened the home side's decision to play for the draw.
James Tomlinson picked up two scalps, including Ireland captain William Porterfield (29), before Chopra guided his side to safety.
Despite scoring just 26 runs in the post-lunch session, Chopra scored more freely as he moved towards his first century as Warwickshire skipper.
The draw came shortly after Ambrose chipped a full delivery from Will Smith to Gareth Berg at extra-cover.
The wicket-keeper batted for an hour with a runner after suffering a gluteal strain before tea, which may rule him out of Sunday's game against champions Yorkshire.
Warwickshire captain Varun Chopra:
"They bowled well and made it hard for us to score on a pitch which got slower the longer the game went.
"At the start of the day our intention was to go for the win but it was a case of taking it session by session. After Sam Hain got out and we were four wickets down, and we didn't really have any momentum to the scoring, it was always going to be pretty tough.
"But overall I was quite pleased with the way we played. There were some good performances from us, with a six-for and two centuries."
Hampshire captain Jimmy Adams:
"At the start of the last day I thought a draw was probably the least likely result.
"The previous evening Warwickshire had got away from us a little bit and if they had started the same way today then things could have been a lot different.
"But the guys bowled well and I am really happy with the way we played over the four days."

The visitors posted a challenging 252-7 in their 50 overs at Shrewsbury.
But Oliver shared a second-wicket stand of 194 with Worcestershire's England Under-19 prospect Joe Clarke (78 no).
Teenager Clarke hit the winning boundary with 10 overs to spare as last year's beaten finalists made a good start under new coach Karl Krikken.
Oliver's effort, which included seven sixes and 16 fours, followed up two centuries for Worcestershire's Second XI against Derbyshire last week.
New signing Gurman Randhawa, the former Yorkshire spinner, made a tidy start to his Shropshire career, his 10 overs going for just 29 runs.
Shropshire, beaten by Berkshire in last year's final at Wormsley, now face a trip to Northumberland at Jesmond next Sunday (11 May), followed by a home game with Cheshire at Oswestry and a final group game against Cumberland at Cockermouth.