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Question: The grave of a Nazi concentration camp survivor which was unmarked for decades has been discovered and had a cross with a plaque placed on it.

Frank Le Villio was sent to World War Two Neuengamme and Sandbostel camps aged 19 after stealing a German officer's motorbike in occupied Jersey.
He survived and moved to Nottingham, but died aged 21 from tuberculosis.
A service, attended by members of his family and Nottingham's lord mayor, has been held at his grave to honour him.
A wooden cross and several wreaths were laid on the grave where Mr Le Villio, from Jersey, and six other people were buried.
Mr Le Villio's cousin Stanley Hockley, from Jersey, was at the service at Wilford Hill Cemetery, Nottingham.
He said: "It has been absolutely wonderful finding his grave after 70 odd years.
"We did not know where he was buried to start with. We always thought about him."
He said the family was hoping to take him back to Jersey.
Mr Le Villio is believed to be one of the few camp survivors from Jersey who was able to return to the UK after the war.
He had developed tuberculosis while in the camps and was being treated at Nottingham's City Hospital when he died in 1946.
His grave was discovered earlier this year after an appeal by Devon-based Stanley Keiller, who came across Mr Le Villio's story and realised his grave's whereabouts was unknown when doing his own family history research.
Mr Keiller also attended the ceremony.
Mr Keiller's appeal was answered by Father Derek Hailes, of St Cyprian's Church, in Nottingham, who tracked down the pauper's grave a few months ago with the help of undertaker A. W. Lymn and church officials.
Father Hailes said he was very pleased to help track down the grave and said the service was "closure" for the family.

Charles Machon was one of a group of islanders who died in prison or camps as a result of the Nazi occupation of the Channel Islands in World War Two.
Dr Gilly Carr, from Cambridge University, has been working on locating all of the deportees.
She said his remains were traced to Hamelin graveyard after uncertainty over whether they were moved in 1950.
Nazi German forces ruled the Channel Islands from June 1940 until May 1945.
Mr Machon was in charge of the Guernsey Undercover News Service (Guns) - a loose collection of people who secretly listened to the BBC News on home-built radios or sets they had not handed in. They shared news with other islanders.
In May 1944, he was sent to Rheinbach prison in Germany, and moved to Hamelin prison four months later, dying there on 26 October.
Dr Carr said he died "because of a stomach ulcer".
She said: "He needed special food, and that was not provided in prison, so he didn't last very long."
Dr Carr said an investigation by her research assistant, Rod Miller, revealed the Guernseyman had been buried in the Lower Saxony town of Hamelin.
However, it had been previously uncertain if his remains were moved when a number of bodies were transferred elsewhere in 1950.
Also, many gravestones were removed or laid flat in 1973 "because then it would be easier to mow the lawn, which would not be allowed today. His stone was one removed."
She said: "According to a cemetery handbook, Mr Machon's was not one of those [bodies] that was moved, which meant that his body was in the graveyard all along."


Question: Nathan Hines is to join the Scotland coaching staff after deciding to retire at the end of the season, midway through a two-year deal with Sale.

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The 38-year-old former Scotland and British and Irish Lions lock will work as a "resource coach".
He will add expertise in the area of line-out play, while supporting the development of younger forwards.
Meanwhile, scrum coach Massimo Cuttitta has left for personal reasons after almost six years with Scotland.
Capped 77 times, Hines announced his retirement from international rugby following the 2011 World Cup.
He will help the squad prepare for this year's tournament before broadening his role to include pro teams Edinburgh and Glasgow, the newly-established academies and international age-grade teams.
"This is a fantastic opportunity to help a team I played with for 11 years," said Hines, a Heineken Cup winner with Leinster in 2011.
"I think that Scotland have got some exceptional young players and I'm relishing the opportunity to help make them better than they already are.
"They've got huge potential and I want to help them in their development."
Hines played under Scotland head coach Vern Cotter at Clermont Auvergne and is pleased to be linking up with the New Zealander again.
"The chance to work with Vern again is another great benefit of this role," he added.
"He knows how I work and I know how he works, which might have been part of the decision why he asked me to come on board. We got on really well at Clermont.
"Part of helping the team mature is sharing my experience and showing them how not to make the same mistakes I did, on my travels, and in my 11 years playing for Scotland."

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Full-back Hogg, 25, withdrew from the British and Irish Lions tour prematurely with a facial injury, and has also had an underlying shoulder problem operated on.
Lock and Glasgow team-mate Gray, 23, had surgery on a wrist injury after returning from Scotland's June tour.
Both are doubts for Scotland's three autumn internationals in November.
The pair will also miss the opening rounds of the Pro12, and the European Champions Cup.
Warriors winger Ratu Tagive is also sidelined for between six and nine months after rupturing his Achilles during pre-season training.
The 26-year-old is on a partnership contract with Currie Chieftains in the top tier of Scotland's amateur game.
Chiefs head coach Dave Rennie succeeds Gregor Townsend as Warriors boss ahead of the coming season, after his commitments in New Zealand have been fulfilled.


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Question: Drinking more than five espressos worth of caffeine a day may be damaging to health, according to the European Food Safety Authority.

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Heart problems, insomnia and panic attacks were all linked to excess caffeine consumption.
The EFSA said many people were consuming more than the safe level as they were unaware of all the different sources of caffeine.
Safe limits for children and pregnant women are much lower.
Caffeine is often a crutch to help us get through the day.
Tea, coffee, energy drinks, soft drinks and chocolate are all common sources of the drug.
The EFSA was tasked with assessing all the evidence to determine safe consumption levels.
Its report says 400mg a day, in healthy adults, has no health consequences.
This is in line with advice in many countries, including the UK, but the EFSA warns many people drink too much.
Around a third of people in Denmark, 17% in the Netherlands and 14% in Germany consume more than 400mg.
An EFSA spokesman told the BBC: "If you have a bar of dark chocolate at 11:00 and espresso with lunch, a tea at 16:00 and vodka-Red Bull in the evening - that's a lot of caffeine over the day."
Source: EFSA
The main health issues raised were: increased heart rate, higher blood pressure, irregular heartbeat, tremors, nervousness, insomnia and panic attacks.
The limit is 200mg a day in pregnant women due to the impact on the growing foetus.
The report acknowledged there was a limited amount of data on safe levels for children.
The EFSA is recommending 3mg per day for every kilogram the child weighs.
It also found no extra risk as a result of combining caffeine and alcohol.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

But is this a problem? How much caffeine is it actually safe to drink?
The caffeine content of a cup of coffee depends on how big the cup is, how finely the coffee is ground, how dark the roast, the brewing method used, how much coffee is used to make the drink and the type of coffee bean used.
A cup of instant coffee will be different from a mug of brewed coffee, a home-made cappuccino different from a large latte bought in a coffee shop.
Caffeine is also found in tea, chocolate, some soft drinks, and certain medicines.
People are affected by caffeine in different ways too. Some people are more sensitive to its properties than others and have to adjust their intake as a result.
When it comes to pregnant women this is particularly important.
Their daily recommended maximum is 200mg of caffeine, equivalent to two mugs or four cups of coffee.
This advice was issued in 2008 by the Food Standards Agency, which warns that too much caffeine could result in miscarriage or a baby with lower birth weight.
Too much caffeine while pregnant could also increase the risk of some health conditions in later life, the FSA says.
The agency had previously recommended a maximum daily intake of 300mg. However, research published in the British Medical Journal, suggested that a lower limit per would help to reduce this low risk even further.
• 1 mug of instant coffee: 100mg
• 1 mug of filter coffee: 140mg
• 1 mug of tea: 75mg
• 1 can of cola: 40mg
• 1 can of 'energy' drink: up to 80mg
• 1 x 50g bar of plain chocolate: up to 50mg
• 1 x 50g bar of milk chocolate: up to 25mg
So if you eat...
• one bar of plain chocolate and one mug of filter coffee
• two mugs of tea and one can of cola, or
• one mug of instant coffee and one can of energy drink
...you have reached almost 200mg of caffeine.
Source: Department of Health
The research found that caffeine was rapidly absorbed into the body of pregnant women and crossed the placenta freely, circulating in the unborn baby.
Too much caffeine intake interfered with blood flow in the placenta and affected foetal growth.
Professor Janet Cade, co-author of the study from the University of Leeds, said: "Everyone wants the best for their baby. Limiting daily caffeine intake is one way which you can ensure your baby has the best start in life."
The Department of Health's Pregnancy Book suggests trying to vary the liquids drunk while pregnant, although they say there is no need to cut out caffeine completely.
"Try decaffeinated tea and coffee, fruit juice or water and limit the amount of 'energy' drinks, which may be high in caffeine.
"Don't worry if you occasionally have more than this, because the risks are quite small."
For everyone else, the advice is much less clear-cut.
Coffee can have health benefits. It is thought to increase alertness, performance and mental ability by stimulating the central nervous system.
A large US study found that women who drank two or more cups of coffee a day were less likely to get depressed.
Recent research suggests that coffee could be linked to a reduced risk of prostate cancer and breast cancer and another study said it could protect against the onset of Alzheimer's.
But it can also be addictive, seriously so.
Gaynor Bussell, registered dietician with the British Dietetic Association, says we should all try to drink coffee in moderation while paying attention to our our own bodies.
"Different people have different tolerances. Some people react strongly to caffeine, some don't. It's a question of knowing your own limit and knowing your own body.
"If you enjoy a cappuccino in the morning then that's fine, but if you start to get palpitations, you're running to the toilet or noticing an increase in nervousness and sleeplessness, you should probably cut back your caffeine intake."
The general advice is that four or five cups of coffee a day is safe, around 400mg of caffeine.
The Food Standards Agency says there is no limit set for healthy individuals. They recommend a balance of drinks and a sensible, moderate approach to coffee-drinking.


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Question: West Brom striker Rickie Lambert is "desperate" to end his goal drought in a bid to keep the Baggies away from the bottom of the Premier League table.

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The 33-year-old has yet to score since his £3m summer move from Liverpool, and has not netted a first-team goal for nine months.
"I'm more desperate than anyone else. It's what I get paid for," the England forward told BBC WM.
"I'm just going to keep working hard and hope it comes this Saturday."
Lambert spent a frustrating season at Anfield, where he made only seven Premier League starts, following the arrival of Mario Balotelli.
And he has again been confined largely to the bench at The Hawthorns, having started just three top-flight games so far.
He hopes that if he keeps working hard under Albion boss Tony Pulis, then the chances will come - starting this Saturday at Carrow Road against promoted Norwich City.
"I know there's more to this role under Pulis than just scoring goals," he said. "You get asked a lot more defensively than I've had in the past, but it's something you have to get used to and I'm trying to get as fit as I can.
"He's decided to go with Salomon Rondon at the minute, but I'm on the bench waiting for my chance."
Having managed seven goals from nine games, three by Saido Berahino, 13th-placed Albion are the Premier League's second-lowest scorers.
"We want to improve our attacking," he added. " We want to be more adventurous and score more goals. But we want to keep our strength as a team, which is that we do not concede goals."
Rickie Lambert was talking at the 25th anniversary of the WBA Foundation, a registered charity which works alongside the Baggies.

The Republic of Ireland international, 27, suffered medial ligament damage in training on Thursday.
Meyler has played 28 times for the Tigers in all competitions this season but has been an unused substitute in their last four outings.
Marco Silva's side sit two points above the Premier League relegation zone before Saturday's trip to Stoke City.


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Question: Mansfield Town have signed striker Yoann Arquin after the Frenchman left Swedish side Syrianska.

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The 28-year-old previously spent time in England with Notts County, and has played for St Mirren and Ross County.
He will officially join the Stags on 1 January, subject to international clearance, and is Steve Evans' first signing for the League Two club.
"We are working hard to add to the quality we have and this lad will give us that initial quality," said Evans.
Mansfield have not disclosed the length of Arquin's deal.

The 22-year-old DR Congo international joined the Sandgrounders on a short-term deal in January and made 19 appearances in the Conference Premier.
The former Everton trainee has also had spells with Macclesfield and Accrington Stanley as well as playing in Vietnam.
He is the third player to join the Mariners this summer after Scott Brown and Jack Mackreth.


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Question: A giant tidal turbine was settled on the seabed between Ramsey Island and the mainland near St David's Head, Pembrokeshire, on Sunday.

The 12m (39ft) DeltaStream device could produce enough power for between 400 and 600 homes.
It was transported by an offshore construction vessel which usually works in the North Sea oil fields.
Operator Tidal Energy Ltd said there would be a two-week testing period before the unit would be operational.
The Â£16m project was devised by local engineer Richard Ayers in 2002 and since 2008 has had grants from the Welsh government and Europe, as well as the involvement of renewable energy investment company Eco2.
However, the turbine had been sitting on the quayside at Pembroke Dock for over a year and has earned itself the nickname of the Daffodil during its extended stay.
Tidal Energy's managing director Martin Murphy said: "Today's installation will be followed by about two weeks of checking and testing before it will be possible to power energy into the system."
One generator will produce enough power for between 400 and 500 homes and rests on a triangular base which, when testing is completed, could be extended to take three generators.
This is all part of an ongoing project to prove the possibility of power from strong tidal currents like those in Ramsey Sound.
There are already similar devices in the seas off north Scotland, Northern Ireland and northern France, although this one is seen as a more sophisticated turbine, including improvements installed after learning from the earlier devices.

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The alarm for Mr Hughes, 66, was raised on Wednesday after his boat Susie Mo II failed to return to port.
Extensive air, sea and land searches were carried out over two days between Llandudno's Great Orme and Rhyl.
Mr Hughes's body was discovered just before 17:30 BST on Sunday at Kinmel Bay.


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Question: Eleven people have been jailed for making hundreds of thousands of pounds from "cash for crash" scams.

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At least 41 crashes were staged in 2011 and 2013 across Derbyshire, with gang members acting as drivers, passengers, witnesses and in other roles.
Lone women and elderly drivers were specifically targeted, the court heard.
Nottingham Crown Court heard one victim missed a funeral as a result of a crash, with an elderly woman too shaken to drive again after one incident.
More on this story and other news in Derbyshire
Five people were found guilty for their part in the fraud after a trial at Nottingham Crown Court.
Seven others had previously pleaded guilty to fraud offences, with one man due to be sentenced at a later date.
The court heard how, as part of the scam, two companies had been set up by some of the defendants to deal with claims around 41 different collisions between 2011 and 2013.
The convicted played "a variety of roles", including acting as drivers, passengers and independent witnesses involved in the crashes.
In total, the court heard the group earned profits of about Â£420,000, with costs to the insurance industry said to be more than Â£700,000.
As well as custodial sentences, Ahmed, Asghar, Hussain, Davinder and Dharminder Nagra and Martin Walker are disqualified from acting as company directors for eight years.
Judge John Burgess described the operation as "a sophisticated and well-organised fraud" that sought out victims "on the basis of their vulnerability".
He added: "The harm caused in a case like this isn't just monetary - drivers and passengers in targeted cars have been harmed emotionally, if not physically, and have been put at a great inconvenience."
Following the sentencing, Ben Fletcher, director of the Insurance Fraud Bureau, warned such scams cost the insurance industry Â£336m a year.
"This is a financial burden on insurers, but it's ultimately premium-paying motorists who are footing the bill for fraudsters," he said.
Det Con Kevan Handley, from Derbyshire Police, said it was "a complex investigation" that uncovered the extent of the fraud, and hopes the severity of the sentences will deter other potential offenders.
"It's not just about the cost to the insurance companies or drivers, as these incidents can potentially lead to serious injury, if not worse," he said.
"It's luck of the draw really - you only need one thing to go wrong and somebody dies."

Craig O'Donohue and Paul Murgatroyd led the conspiracy, which involved bogus internet adverts selling the tickets.
O'Donohue, 30, and Murgatroyd, 28, were jailed for four years and three years, six months respectively, after both were convicted of conspiracy to commit fraud and money laundering.
A further nine people were also sentenced at Liverpool Crown Court.
Many fans who fell for the scam were handed the tickets in person, only to be turned away from Anfield stadium when the tickets were found to fake, Merseyside Police said.
Others ordered tickets which failed to arrive in the post.
The plot was uncovered in February after police searched properties in Anfield and found equipment used for producing the tickets, including printers.
The following were each convicted of money laundering:


Question: Bank of America and Morgan Stanley have both reported stronger-than-expected fourth-quarter profits, boosted by lower legal costs.

represent the input.
------
Examples:
Provided: "['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.\n\nFor example, They say those who qualify for a free jab, or spray for children, should take up the offer this winter as it offers the most effective cover against flu.\nLast winter it emerged that the seasonal flu vaccine used offered barely any cover against the main strain of flu encountered in the UK.\nFlu is a constantly shifting target and that makes it tricky to make a vaccine.\nIt is why a new jab is needed each year, based on a best estimate of what strain the virus will be.\nThe World Health Organization decides on the constituents of the vaccine for different parts of the world in February each year. Production is normally complete by the end of August allowing distribution in time for the winter season.\nLast year it became clear in the Australian winter that there had been mutations in the anticipated strains of the virus, but it was too late to adapt the vaccine before the Northern Hemisphere winter.  It worked for just 3% of people who had the jab and were exposed to the virus.\nUsually the vaccine is 50% effective.\nDeaths from all causes were up by about one-third in the first three weeks of this year in England and Wales. Health experts say flu and the ineffectiveness of the vaccine were probably factors.\nEarly indications from Australia this year are not encouraging.  Flu cases so far in their winter are running well above average in some areas, though it\'s not clear whether this is linked to the effectiveness of the vaccine.\nThe Department of Health wants to ensure that the elderly and other vulnerable groups are not deterred from having their jabs this autumn.\nWho should get it?\nThose eligible to receive a free flu jab (or spray for children) include:\nOn a visit to the AstraZeneca production plant on Merseyside, which makes the vaccine nasal spray for children, the public health minister Jane Ellison told the BBC: "It\'s still the best way to protect you and your children - children can pass it on to relatives so vaccinating children can help protect the elderly.\n"Occasionally you will get a drift in strains, but generally there is a good match."\nOfficials say that the last time the vaccine was ineffective before last year was in 2003.\nThis year, for the first time, primary schools in England will start routinely offering it to pupils aged five and six. The government is keen to encourage parents to take advantage of the free facility for their youngsters. should be similar to Ministers are urging people not to be put off by failures of the flu vaccine last year.', 'Dimitri Payet set up Michail Antonio\'s second goal with a rabona after Manuel Lanzini had tried to score with the same skill.\nOdion Ighalo, Deeney, Etienne Capoue and Jose Holebas gave Watford victory.\n"As a player I though they were trying to mug us off a little bit," Deeney told BBC Radio 5 live.\n"You can appreciate good skill and that was great skill for the second goal but as a professional you cannot allow someone to do that to you.\n"You see that in the playground with six and seven year olds and we are grown men.\n"There were some harsh words said to each other and everyone had that fire in their belly again."\nPayet set up Antonio for his second goal with a brilliantly improvised cross as he wrapped his right foot around the back of his left leg to chip the ball to the back post.\nMedia playback is not supported on this device\nWatford fought back before the break thanks to Ighalo\'s deflected shot and a brilliant finish from Deeney after dreadful defending from the hosts.\nCapoue scored his third goal of the season when a deep ball came to him at the back post and Holebas grabbed his first goal in English football with a shot from the edge of the area.\nDeeney added: "We all dug in and started to lay a bit of a hand on them and before you know it we were getting more chances and we got two goals before half-time.\n"I thought we were the only team who were going to win it in the second half."']" Match: "['Represent the natural language', 'Watford captain Troy Deeney said his team were motivated to fight back from 2-0 down at West Ham because they felt their opponents were embarrassing them.']"

Bank of America said profits rose 10% compared with 2014, helped by a fall in expenses, including legal costs.
The bank, the second-biggest in the US by assets, said net income jumped to $3.01bn (Â£2.1bn), up from $2.74bn.
Morgan Stanley reported a $908m profit for the period, compared to a $1.6bn loss a year ago.
The bank cut costs to help offset weak performances in its fixed income, commodities and currencies division
Compensation at Morgan Stanley fell 27% in the fourth quarter to $3.7bn and the bank said it would continue to focus on managing expenses in 2016.
"A strong overall performance in the first half of the year was impacted by difficult market conditions in the second half that dampened trading activity," said Morgan Stanley chairman and chief executive James Gorman.
"In the fourth quarter, we took action to meaningfully restructure our fixed-income business on a capital and expense basis."
Similarly, Bank of America has cut costs in its commercial lending, investment banking and wealth management businesses to try and offset sluggish revenue growth.
"We increased net interest income [and] managed expenses tightly," Bank of American boss Brian Moynihan said in a statement.
Both banks' figures were in line with those reported last week by Citibank and JP Morgan Chase, where profits also rose helped by lower legal costs.
US banks in general have had a tough start to the year, with volatile global stocks, falling oil prices and slowing growth in China, leading to weak credit markets and putting pressure on revenues.

First quarter net income fell 56% to $1.2bn, or $2.68 a share.
That compared with $2.75bn or $5.94 a share, a year earlier, when the bank recorded its best quarterly profit in five years.
Goldman was the last of the big US banks to release first-quarter results.
Fluctuating commodities, low oil prices, a slowing Chinese economy and uncertainty about US interest rates managed to scare off investors and companies.
Net revenue dropped 40% to $6.3bn compared with $10.6bn a year ago.
Revenue from trading bonds, currencies and commodities fell 47% to $1.66bn, about 26% of total revenue. Before the financial crisis, that division typically contributed 40% of revenue.
Lloyd Blankfein, chairman and chief executive of Goldman Sachs, said: "The operating environment this quarter presented a broad range of challenges, resulting in headwinds across virtually every one of our businesses.
"Looking ahead, we will continue to focus on delivering superior service to our clients and managing our business efficiently, which remain essential to generating shareholder value over the long term."
On Monday, rival Morgan Stanley reported a 54% fall in first quarter profits.
Its chief executive James Gorman said the returns for shareholders was "not acceptable" and that the bank might need to get "much more aggressive" about cost cutting.
This has been a running theme among all the big banks, who have been tightening their belts to make up for weak revenue.
Goldman Sachs expenditure on salaries, bonuses and other expenses was $2.66bn for the first quarter, which is 40% lower than the same time last year.


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Question: Midfielder Ashley Westwood has joined Burnley on a three-and-a-half-year deal from Championship side Aston Villa, with the option of a further 12 months.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

The 26-year-old arrived at Villa Park from Crewe in 2012 and has made 161 appearances - 22 coming this season.
Westwood did not appear for Villa in their FA Cup third-round defeat at Tottenham so will be eligible to play for his new club in the competition.
"It's a fresh start and I want to show people what I can really do," he said.
"I'm delighted to be here. It's happened fast but I've been made to feel very welcome and I can't wait to get going."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.

Nigeria-born Enobakhare, 18, has made 10 first-team appearances for Wolves since his debut in August 2015.
Flatt, 22, is yet to appear for Wanderers but played 10 times on loan at Cheltenham to help Town win the National League title last season.
Midfielder Dave Edwards signed a new two-and-a-half-year deal on Monday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A chronology of key events:

1828 - Turkmanchay treaty between Russia, Persia divides Azerbaijan. Territory of present-day Azerbaijan becomes part of Russian empire while southern Azerbaijan is part of Persia.
Baku has witnessed an oil boom
Oil boom destroys Baku charm
1848-49 - World's first oil well is drilled south of Baku.
1879 - Nobel brothers set up oil-production company.
1918 - Independent Azerbaijani Republic declared.
1920 - Red Army invades; Azerbaijan is declared a Soviet Socialist Republic.
1922 - Azerbaijan, part of Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Republic, becomes founder member of Soviet Union.
1936 - Transcaucasian Soviet Federative Republic dissolved ; Azerbaijan becomes full republic of Soviet Union.
1967 - Heydar Aliyev becomes head of Azerbaijani KGB; becomes head of Azerbaijani Communist Party in 1969.
1982 - Heydar Aliyev becomes full member of Soviet Politburo and first deputy chairman of USSR Council of Ministers.
1987 - Heydar Aliyev leaves Politburo and Council of Ministers.
1988 - Nagorno-Karabakh region seeks to become part of Armenia. Ethnic Azeris begin to leave Karabakh and Armenia and ethnic Armenians leave Azerbaijan. At least 26 ethnic Armenians and six Azeris are killed in violence in Azerbaijani town of Sumqayit.
1990 - Ethnic strife between Armenians and Azeris escalates. Azeri nationalist Popular Front rallies support amid growing disorder.
Trouble flares along border between Nakhichevan exclave and Iran as rioters destroy border installations. Tension eases after Soviet and Iranian authorities agree to ease restrictions on crossing between the two countries.
Dozens die in interethnic violence in Baku. Popular Front demonstrators demand resignation of communist authorities. Soviet troops use force to end unrest, killing at least 100 people. Azeri nationalists put death toll at several hundred.
Ayaz Mutallibov becomes Azeri Communist Party leader.
Communist Party later retains power in multiparty elections but parliament has an opposition for the first time.
1991 - After failed coup attempt in Moscow, Azerbaijani parliament votes to restore independence. In elections boycotted by opposition, Mr Mutallibov becomes president.
Heydar Aliyev becomes leader of the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhichevan.
Leadership of Nagorno-Karabakh declares the region an independent republic. Inter-ethnic hostilities escalate.
1992 - Hostilities develop into full-scale war over Karabakh. More than 600 Azeris are killed as they flee an Armenian attack on Karabakh town of Khojali. Ethnic Armenian forces break through Azerbaijani territory to create a corridor linking Armenia to Karabakh.
President Ayaz Mutallibov resigns. Abulfaz Elchibey, leader of nationalist People's Front, becomes president in Azerbaijan's first contested elections.
1993 - Armenia launches offensive into Azerbaijani territory around Karabakh.
Rebel army commander Col Surat Huseynov takes control of Azerbaijan's second city, Ganja, and marches on Baku. President Elchibey invites Aliyev to return to the capital and subsequently flees.
Mr Aliyev assumes leadership. Mr Huseynov becomes prime minister and is placed in charge of defence and security forces. Referendum indicates massive loss of public confidence in Elchibey. Aliyev wins presidential elections boycotted by Elchibey's People's Front.
1994 - Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh sign a ceasefire accord. Ethnic Armenians remain in control of Karabakh and a swathe of Azerbaijani territory around it.
Mr Aliyev cracks down hard on People's Front. Azerbaijani forces mount Karabakh counteroffensive.
Armenia, Azerbaijan and Nagorno-Karabakh sign a ceasefire. Ethnic Armenians remain in control of Karabakh and a swathe of Azerbaijani territory around it.
Prime Minister Huseynov is dismissed and flees to Russia after accusations of involvement in an attempted coup.
1994 - Azerbaijan signs what it calls the "contract of the century" with a consortium of international oil companies for the exploration and exploitation of three offshore oil fields.
1995 - Government troops crush rebellion by Rovshan Javadov, the head of a special police squad. He and dozens of other rebels are killed.
Nagorno-Karabakh, now acting as an independent republic, holds legislative elections. Robert Kocharian, formerly head of Karabakh's State Defence Committee, becomes executive president.
The New Azerbaijan Party, led by President Aliyev, wins the majority of seats in independent Azerbaijan's first multi-party elections, which, observers say, fail to meet international standards. Azerbaijan's new constitution is approved in a referendum.
1996 - Incumbent President Robert Kocharian retains his post in direct presidential elections in Karabakh.
The huge station warns Russia of missile launches
1997 - Robert Kocharian leaves Karabakh to become prime minister in Armenia. Foreign Minister Arkadiy Gukasian is elected Karabakh president.
Former PM Surat Huseynov is extradited from Russia. Following a lengthy trial for high treason he is eventually sentenced to life imprisonment.
Aliyev and his Armenian counterpart Levon Ter-Petrosian agree to OSCE proposal for staged Karabakh solution. The Armenian leader is criticized at home for making too many concessions and subsequently resigns.
The first oil is produced by the Azerbaijani International Operating Company under the "contract of the century".
1998 - Opposition activists arrested at protests against what they say are unfair elections in which Heydar Aliyev is returned as president. International observers report irregularities.
2001 - Azerbaijan becomes full member of Council of Europe, though council officials criticise it over human rights record.
Veteran leader who embraced the market economy
Obituary: Heydar Aliyev
US lifts aid ban, imposed during Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, after Azerbaijan provides airspace and intelligence after 11 September al-Qaeda attacks in US.
Azerbaijan, Georgia and Turkey reach agreement on oil and gas pipelines linking Caspian fields with Turkey.
Azerbaijan officially shifts to the Latin alphabet for the Azeri language, in the fourth alphabet change in a century.
2002 September - Construction work starts on multi-billion-dollar pipeline to carry Caspian oil from Azerbaijan to Turkey via Georgia.
2003 August - Aliyev appoints his son, Ilham, as prime minister.
2003 October - Ilham Aliyev wins landslide victory in presidential poll said by observers not to reach international standards. Opposition protests met with police violence; hundreds arrested.
2003 December - Heydar Aliyev dies in a US hospital, aged 80. He was being treated for heart and kidney problems.
2005 March - Thousands mourn after journalist Elmar Huseynov, an outspoken critic of the authorities, shot dead in Baku.
2005 November - Ruling New Azerbaijan Party wins parliamentary elections by large margin. International observers say vote failed to meet democratic standards. Police use violence to disperse opposition protesters demanding a rerun.
2006 July - Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan pipeline formally opened at ceremony in Turkey after Caspian oil starts flowing along it.
2007 January - Azerbaijani state oil company stops pumping oil to Russia in dispute over energy prices.
2008 March - The worst fighting in recent years breaks out in Nagorno-Karabakh. Azerbaijan and Armenia accuse each other of starting the clashes, which leave several dead on each side.
2008 October - Ilham Aliyev wins a second term as president. Western observers say conduct of the election, boycotted by the main opposition parties, was an improvement on previous votes but still fell short of democratic standards.
2008 November - Armenia and Azerbaijan sign a joint agreement aimed at intensifying efforts to resolve their dispute over territory of Nagorno-Karabakh.
2009 March - Referendum initiative to abolish a law limiting the president to two terms is passed with nearly 92% of the vote; the move means President Ilham Aliyev would be able to stand for a third term.
Azerbaijan won the 2011 Eurovision Song Contest, earning it the right to host the event the following year. Human rights activists called for a boycott over the country's rights record
Azerbaijan's gays not welcome at home
Guardian: Boycott call
2009 November - Azerbaijani-Armenian talks on Nagorno-Karabakh end without achieving major breakthrough.
2010 April - Head of the Armenian church, Garegin II, makes first visit by senior Armenian cleric since the Nagorno-Karabakh conflict in the 1990s.
2010 November - President Aliyev's New Azerbaijan Party (NAP) wins increased majority in parliamentary elections; European monitors said the vote was flawed.
2010 September - BP announces plans for gas pipeline from Azerbaijan to Europe, by-passing Russia.
2011 May - Azerbaijan wins Eurovision Song Contest. International human rights groups launch boycott campaign of 2012 contest in Azerbaijan over the country's human rights record.
2012 May - Azerbaijan hosts the Eurovision song contest. Anti-government protestors staged demonstrations to coincide with the event.
2012 June - Clashes on the Azerbaijani-Armenian border result in the death of soldiers on both sides.
2012 September - Armenian-Azerbaijani tension flares after Azerbaijan pardons and gives a hero's welcome to an army officer who was jailed in Hungary for killing an Armenian colleague.
2013 October - Presidential elections. President Aliyev wins another third five-year term.
2014 August - Deadly clashes between troops from Azerbaijan and Armenia over the disputed enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
2014 September - British Petroleum announces start of construction of Southern Gas Corridor to deliver gas to Europe directly, bypassing Russia. Pipelines scheduled for completion in 2018.
2014 October - Non-governmental organisations complain of official harassment, seeing it as the culmination of months of measures against the opposition and independent media.
2014 December - The government shuts down the Azerbaijani service of US-funded Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, accusing it of working for a foreign security service. The US State Department expresses concern over what it describes as a crackdown on civil society.
2015 March - The human rights group Amnesty International says dozens of pro-democracy activists, journalists and lawyers have been detained by the authorities over the past twelve months in an effort to quash dissent. The government denies the arrests are politically motivated.
2015 June - First European Games open in Baku. Azerbaijan was the sole bidder to host the event, attracting criticism at home over the cost and abroad over its rights record.
2015 November - Ruling New Azerbaijan Party wins parliamentary elections, which main opposition parties boycotted in protest at arrests of activists and reporters. The Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe leading election monitoring group declined to send observers.
2016 April - Dozens killed in worst flare-up of fighting in the enclave of Nagorno-Karabakh.
2016 September - Voters in a referendum approve constitutional changes which extend the powers of the president.
2016 December - Clashes break out on the border with Armenia, killing four Armenian troops and one Azeri.
2017 February - President Aliyev appoints his wife, Mehriban, as first vice-president.
2017 February - Fighting flares up in Nagorno-Karabakh between the Azerbaijani army and ethnic Armenian troops along the line separating them.

A selection of photos from across the African continent this week:


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Rodley Cricket Club in Leeds is believed to have set the record for the most overs bowled in 24 hours.

Cricketers batted and bowled through the night, attempting 2,000 overs in 24 hours.
The record attempt is set to end at 18:00 BST, but Alex Riddell said the club had smashed the target by 11:30 BST with more than 2,500 overs.
Mr Riddell said he bowled the 2,000th at 06:50.
The attempt - part of the club's annual open weekend to raise funds for Rodley's junior cricket teams - is being filmed and logged by official umpires but will need verifying by Guinness World Record officials.
Mr Riddell, who played on and off for 11 hours, said: "We bowled like maniacs overnight and we beat 2,000.
"I bowled the 2,000th over at 06:50 and then went to sleep on the sofa for an hour and a half.
"I'm really, really pleased but really, really tired."
Other players put in straight eight-hour stints.
Last year, the club successfully set the Guinness World Record for most overs bowled in eight hours, with a result of 734.
Mr Riddell said: "We love a challenge. After smashing last year's amazing world record we thought: 'How can we top that this year?' The answer was obvious - go bigger and better!"
Steve Bradbury, chairman of the Bradford and District League club, said: "It's amazing that we could be double Guinness World Record holders.
"Until three years ago we had no clubhouse, 30 players and no junior teams.
"Now we're proud to have a cracking clubhouse, three senior teams and five junior sides with over 80 kids playing cricket regularly."

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Brian Scrine was airlifted to hospital on 2 April after chasing a gang of "toe rags" on bikes who were "carving up" the pitch at Trowbridge Cricket Club.
According to the club, Mr Scrine suffered a heart attack about an hour after the confrontation and was taken to Southmead Hospital in Bristol.
The news was announced on the club's Facebook page over the weekend.
A spokesman for the club, said: "Brian was chasing a few ignorant teenage toe rags and an hour later he ended up having a bad heart attack.
"The said mindless idiots were riding and carving up the cricket square on their bikes.
"Confrontation then ensued and we think this is what resulted in the current situation. I'm sure we all wish him well and all our thoughts and prayers are with him."
As well as playing host to Trowbridge, the ground often serves as Wiltshire's home ground and is a favourite spot traditionally for touring international sides to play the Minor Counties at the start of a summer tour.
Sachin Tendulkar and Brian Lara played at Trowbridge at the start of their international careers.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The site of a memorial to American bandmaster Glenn Miller is to become a holiday complex despite protests.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

------

The provided query could be "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Mitch Claydon caused havoc in the afternoon session on day two with a hostile three-wicket spell as Glamorgan slumped to 137-6.\nBut Wagg (83) and Meschede (78) launched a counter-attack, adding 160 for the seventh wicket.\nClaydon completed his five-wicket haul late in the innings, before Kent reached 10-0 at the close.\nThere were also five victims for Kent wicketkeeper Adam Rouse, a late call-up.\nThe partnership between Wagg and Meschede was a record for Glamorgan\'s seventh wicket against Kent, beating the previous mark of 107 between Arthur Francis and Eifion Jones in 1982.\nMeanwhile, David Lloyd provided a Championship rarity as he got off the mark with a hooked six off Claydon with the first ball he faced.\nGlamorgan all-rounder Graham Wagg told BBC Wales Sport:\n"We were under pressure with six down but they went off their strategy of line and length, and it did give us a few scoring options- we had to put the bad ball away, and Meschy (Craig Meschede) played really well.\n"Disappointed not to get three figures, it was quite a loose shot, but at the start of the day we would have bitten their hand off to be in this position.\n"There\'s plenty in that wicket, plenty of seam movement, and I think if we bowl as partnerships, there\'s ten wickets to be taken."']" and the positive "['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', "Graham Wagg and Craig Meschede salvaged Glamorgan's innings as they reached a respectable score of 351 against Kent."]"

A plan for 55 lodges at Jack's Green on the RAF Kings Cliffe site, where Miller played his last hangar concert, has been approved by East Northamptonshire Council.
An online petition attracted more than 300 signatures and parish councils complained about the impact of traffic.
Historian Kevin Flecknor said he had "major concerns" over the memorial.
Landowner Philip Ashton-Jones said it would remain "exactly as it is today".
Miller, who was a major in the US Army, leading the Army Air Force Band, played his final concert with his orchestra at RAF Kings Cliffe on 3 October 1944.
In December that year the band leader went missing over the English Channel while flying to Paris.
A memorial to commemorate the final concert was erected in August 1983.
Mr Flecknor, who lives in Kettering and works as UK liaison for the Cold War Museum Berlin Chapter, said: "I have major concerns about the Glenn Miller Memorial and I fear for its safety."
He wants it moved to a new spot away from the holiday complex but still on the former World War Two American Air Force base.
Wansford Parish Council objected over fears of increased traffic through the village already affected by lorries and cars accessing the industrial estate next to the development.
Yarwell Parish Council was also concerned over traffic levels because the stretch of road to and from the A47 was already very busy.
The main concern of protesters signing the online petition was for a colony of dormice, which is a protected species.
There are also believed to be two extremely rare butterflies at Jack's Green - the purple emperor and black hairstreak - and the protected violet click beetle.

A bicycle bomb in 1939 left five people dead and about 70 injured but was overshadowed by the destruction inflicted on the city in World War Two.
An article by the BBC prompted a campaign by the victims' families to campaign for a memorial.
The tribute will be unveiled on 14 October, the council said.
The plaque will list the victims' names on a stone on Unity Lawn at Coventry Cathedral.
Coventry City Council, which is organising the event and funding the memorial, said it was important the victims were "never forgotten".


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details:
------
Examples:
'['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'A man has been charged with the attempted murder of a police officer on a bridge over the A1.']' == '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'At about 06:30 GMT on Thursday the officer was chasing a man in Newcastle, who tried to push him over the side of the footbridge.\nMichael Walker, from Cornhill, appeared before North Tyneside magistrates.\nThe 28-year-old was charged with the attempted murder of a police officer, assaulting a police officer and assault occasioning actual bodily harm.\nHe was remanded in custody and will appear before Newcastle Crown Court on 27 November.\nThe police officer was not injured, the force said.']' != '['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', "Police say the death is not being treated as suspicious.\nIt has emerged she sent a Valentine's message on Facebook to her five children less than an hour before she was discovered in the town.\nMs Williams' body was found on Sunday night in a shelter at Newry Beach."]'

Question: A South African rugby star who has motor neurone disease is to team up with university researchers to help tackle the disorder.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article Examples:

"['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!', 'His successful bid for the US Republican presidential nomination came after claims Mexicans were "rapists" who dealt drugs - and criticism from Mexico\'s three most recent presidents.\nHe has also:\nBut the visit aims to bring him closer to Hispanic voters, and comes at the request of Mexico\'s president - so what phrases may prove useful to Mr Trump while he is there?\n"Â¿Nos pueden devolver nuestros puestos de trabajo por favor?"\nOdds Trump will say this: Unlikely\n"Tengo muchos amigos mexicanos. Son los mejores mexicanos."\nOdds Trump will say this: High\n"Mi visita a Mexico me ha dejado impresionado y por tanto quisiera retractar todos mis comentarios previos."\nOdds Trump will say this: Highly unlikely\n"Ustedes van a pagar por este muro."\nOdds Trump will say this: High\n"Va a ser enoooooorme."\nOdds Trump will say this: Huge\n"Ya me canse, ese muro ahora lo vamos a hacer diez pies mas alto."\nOdds Trump will say this: As high as the wall\n"La corrupta de Hillary todavia no ha visitado Mexico."\nOdds Trump will say this: Almost guaranteed\n"Vamos a ganar en grande, creanme."\nOdds Trump will say this: Polls are mixed\n"Â¡Los mexicanos aman a Donald Trump!"\nOdds Trump will say this: Extremely high']" == "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', "Donald Trump's visit to Mexico on Wednesday is not without controversy, to say the least."]"

Joost van der Westhuizen, 42, was diagnosed with the progressive neurodegenerative disease in 2011.
The former scrum-half was part of the World Cup-winning Springboks squad of 1995,
He is launching the collaboration with scientists from the University of Edinburgh.
Motor neurone disease (MND) leads to muscle wasting, paralysis and difficulties with speech, swallowing and breathing.
Van der Westhuizen, who is widely regarded as being one of the best scrum-halves of all time, told the BBC in August that he was given two and a half years to live when he was diagnosed with the condition two years ago.
He said: "I realise every day could be my last. It's been a rollercoaster from day one and I know I'm on a deathbed from now on.
"I've had my highs and I have had my lows, but no more. I'm a firm believer that there's a bigger purpose in my life and I am very positive, very happy."
After being diagnosed, he set up the J9 Foundation, which provides support and care to people with MND, which is also known as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
The new partnership will see members and supporters of the foundation meet experts from the university's Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research to discuss the latest research.
The foundation's visit to Edinburgh is part of a 10-day tour of the UK aimed at raising awareness and funds to support those affected by MND.
Among the events planned is a fundraising quiz at Murrayfield stadium.
Van der Westhuizen said: "This is going to be the most important tour of my life. We are not only raising awareness and funds, for the first time we are bringing international research partnerships home.
"In the beginning you go through all the emotions and you ask, 'why me?' It's quite simple, 'why not me?' If I have to go through this to help future generations, why not me?"
When he retired from international rugby in 2003, Van der Westhuizen was the most capped South African player.
He will also be honoured by the Scottish Rugby Union before Scotland's match with South Africa in their second Autumn Test at Murrayfield on Sunday.
Prof Siddharthan Chandran, director of the Euan MacDonald Centre, said: "Solving the enormous challenge of MND or ALS requires partnership and collaboration.
"We are delighted to work with South African colleagues and the J9 foundation to promote better understanding of this devastating disease."

Gordon Aikman, a political campaigner with the illness, had urged politicians to double funding into finding a cure.
Following the announcement, Mr Aikman took to twitter in a bid to get support from David Cameron and Nick Clegg.
He will also issue an appeal to party leaders in a speech at the Edinburgh International Science Festival.
Ahead of the address Mr Aikman said, with the right funding and co-ordination, Scotland could be on the cusp of finding a cure.
"Half of people with MND die within 14 months of diagnosis," Mr Aikman said. "The odds are stacked against me. This is likely to be the last general election I will see.
"So with just weeks until we go to the polls I am making a direct and personal plea to all the party leaders. David, Ed, Nick and Nicola - the ball is in your court.
"Don't tell me it can't be done. Let's dare to dream. We are poised to find the cure here in Scotland."
He said Scotland was home to world-leading MND researchers with a population which could be easily monitored by the NHS, while the recent decision to double the number of MND nurses would allow better tracking of patient progress.
"Scotland is the ideal place to drive both the discovery science, as well as deliver a stratified medical approach for individual patient care and ultimately better-focused clinical trials," he said.
He added: "I am dying but I am confident and excited about what the future of MND research holds.
"This is it. This is our chance. With the political will and modest investment we can, and we must, find a cure for future generations."
Mr Aikman was diagnosed with the incurable degenerative condition last year and he has since raised more than Â£250,000 for MND research through his Gordon's Fightback campaign.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The family of a woman who died of a brain haemorrhage after an intensive care delay has begun legal action.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

An inquest found Mary Muldowney, 57, probably would have survived if she had been transferred for surgery more quickly.
Doctors in Surrey had asked for an immediate transfer last July, but several units had no beds available.
Her son, Sean, said the family did not want the same thing to happen to another patient.
Ms Muldowney was first admitted to East Surrey Hospital with a suspected brain bleed.
Doctors requested an immediate transfer to a neurosurgical unit after a scan showed heavy bleeding.
Three units - St George's and King's College hospitals in London and the Royal Sussex in Brighton - refused.
Other hospitals also said they had no available intensive care beds.
The inquest heard Ms Muldowney was eventually transferred to Royal London Hospital after a Surrey doctor "went out of area" in "desperation", but surgery did not save her.
Ms Muldowneys' daughter, Sharon Callan, said: "It's really really upsetting to hear that your mum should and could be alive."
Her son Sean added: "Somebody needs to take responsibility for that, and unless somebody takes responsibility for that, and admits that there may have been a mistake somewhere along the line, you are not going to fix that error. That error will reoccur."
Irwin Mitchell solicitor Leanne Leighton said: "Her family want answers and to prevent it happening again."
Ms Leighton said: "The revelations at the inquest came as a shock to [the family].
"They were not aware of the full extent of the issues surrounding the availability of a bed. That is what we are going to investigate."
She added: "Tragically it is too late for Mary but her family want to prevent it happening again to another family."
Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust and St George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust both said at the time of referral Ms Muldowney "was not deemed to require life-saving surgery".
The Brighton hospital trust said it often took neurosurgical patients in emergency situations "even if we have no beds available", while St George's said it never "refused emergency admissions that require specialist care for any reason".
King's College Hospital said patient transfers were only accepted "when medical specialists have been consulted and it is clinically safe to do so".
It said it continues to see "high demand" but a new critical care centre was under construction and would add "significant capacity".

Frances Cappuccini, 30, suffered a fatal haemorrhage at Tunbridge Wells Hospital in Kent on 9 October 2012.
A doctor and the NHS hospital trust were cleared of manslaughter in January 2016.
Her husband Tom told the inquest she pleaded with medics to save her life.
Mr Cappuccini said she told him: "If anything happens, just make sure you look after the boys."
He said she was "tearful, agitated and anxious" and had been terrified for months because of the difficult birth of their first son.
The inquest at Gravesend Old Town Hall was told Mrs Cappuccini endured a 12-hour labour despite telling hospital staff she had booked a Caesarean section.
The coroner heard that a piece of placenta had been left in her uterus which led to a large loss of blood.
The family's lawyer suggested the error might not have been made if her choice had been followed.
The inquest is expected to last 10 days.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Six people at a logistics firm have been taken to hospital suffering from possible carbon monoxide poisoning.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

A total of 33 people at the Kuehne and Nagel depot in Draycott-in-the-the-Clay, Staffordshire, were assessed by paramedics.
Two men and two women were taken to hospital in Burton-upon-Trent, and a man and a woman taken to Royal Derby Hospital. Their conditions are unknown.
The BBC has approached Kuehne and Nagel for a comment.
More on this and other stories from Stoke and Staffordshire
West Midlands Ambulance Service said the incident was initially sparked shortly before 13:00 GMT after a woman reported feeling ill and it "quickly became apparent" she was suffering from the effects of carbon monoxide poisoning.
Ambulance officials added: " "A number of other patients then began coming forward. Ambulance staff worked quickly to assess them all in order to establish the severity of their conditions."

The Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) said the owner of the Vasquez motor cruiser died after he was discovered on board on 12 November.
Initial tests have shown there were high levels of carbon monoxide inside the cockpit, with the engine running.
MAIB said two people who tried to rescue the man had to be treated for carbon monoxide poisoning.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The level of qualifications achieved by adults now in their 40s, 50s and 60s was influenced by social background as much as their own intelligence, according to a long-term study from the University of Oxford.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.
Fewshot example: "['Represent this text', 'Peers amended the legislation paving the way for the in-out poll, due before 2018, to lower the voting age.\nBut the move was overturned in a Commons vote, by 303 votes to 253 - a government majority of 50.\nThe government said it would be wrong to alter the "tried and tested" general election franchise for a single poll.\nBut Labour, the SNP and Lib Dems all favour allowing 16 and 17-year-olds - who were allowed to take part in last year\'s referendum on Scottish independence - to vote on whether to remain in the EU.\nLabour\'s shadow foreign secretary, Hilary Benn, said the government\'s decision to block the move was "wrong-headed and unfair".\nSpeaker John Bercow certified that the changes proposed by the House of Lords were covered by "financial privilege" rules, because the government had estimated that it would cost about Â£6m to implement.\nThese rules can be used by the House of Commons "as grounds for overruling any House of Lords proposal that has cost implications".\nBut BBC assistant political editor Norman Smith said Labour peers still hoped to force the government to lower the voting age, and would table a fresh motion that did not fall foul of the rules, on Monday.\nNo date has been set for the referendum, but David Cameron has promised to hold it by the end of 2017.']" == "['represent this text', "MPs have rejected an attempt by the House of Lords to give 16 and 17-year-olds a vote in the planned referendum on Britain's EU membership."]"

It found that children of the same ability went on to achieve very different levels of exam results.
Academics tracked 5,000 people in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland.
It comes as a report on social mobility is about be published.
The study, from Oxford University's Department of Social Policy and Intervention, examined the academic achievements of cohorts of people born between the late 1940s and 1970.
Their academic results as young adults were compared with cognitive ability tests taken when they were aged between 10 and 13.
It showed that children from wealthier and better educated families had been much more successful in exam results than poorer children of a similar intelligence level.
It meant that many poor, bright young people leaving school in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s failed to reach their full potential.
Among the youngest of this survey, leaving school in the mid-1980s, fewer than one in five went to university. Among the oldest group, who would have left school in the early 1970s, only about one in 20 reached degree level.
Last week figures from the OECD think tank indicated the 55-65 age group in England had stronger literacy and numeracy skills than 16-24-year-olds, even though the younger group had much better qualifications.
The OECD has warned about the diminishing job prospects for those without skills.
And this study shows the long roots of the academic gap between rich and poor and the lack of social mobility in education.
What surprised the Oxford University researchers was that a parallel study in Sweden, across the same decades, also showed a strong link between economic background and academic achievement.
The lead author of the study, Erzsebet Bukodi, said there were expectations that Sweden would have had more equal outcomes, but the results showed that poorer children were also disadvantaged there.
Co-author, Prof John Goldthorpe, said the results showed that Sweden was not "significantly ahead" in terms of a meritocratic system and he said it raised questions about whether educational policies could be used to promote social mobility.
Dr Bukodi also highlighted how the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s were decades of great social change, with a perception of increased social mobility, but the studies in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland and Sweden showed a sustained picture of a social gap in exam results.
Across three decades there had been no diminishing of this link between social background and achievement, said Dr Bukodi.
Despite the lack of a level playing field, it still remained possible for bright children from poorer backgrounds to out-perform those who were from wealthier backgrounds, but with less intelligence.
But it was an uphill struggle.
The study suggests that among the cleverest children born in England, Scotland and Northern Ireland in 1970, in the top fifth of the ability range, 80% of the richest children achieved two A-levels or their equivalent, compared with only 40% for the poorest.
It meant that for poor children with high levels of intelligence, a majority left school in the 1980s without two A-levels.
"We see that in both the British and Swedish educational systems, even the very brightest children are hampered if they come from a disadvantaged background," said Dr Bukodi.
"It is possible of course that clever individuals choose other ways of getting on in the world than through education, but the fact remains that many children in British and Swedish schools do not appear to fulfil their academic potential."

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The study by the Institute for Fiscal Studies says the pay gap is more than £4,500 a year, raising questions over education's impact on social mobility.
It says the privately educated are more likely to attend elite universities and study subjects that lead to higher pay.
Ministers say reforms are closing the gap between rich and poor.
The researchers gathered data from a cohort of more than 200,000 graduates who completed their undergraduate degree at a UK university in 2007.
They compared the wages - six months and three-and-a-half years after graduation - of those who sat their A-levels at a state school with those who went to a fee-paying school.
The researchers found that, of those who were in work three-and-a half years after graduation, those who had been to a private school were earning, on average, £28,592 - £4,548 more than the  average salary for state school graduates (£24,044).
The IFS study, which was funded by the Nuffield Foundation, says this wage gap is partly because independent school pupils tend to go to more prestigious universities and are more likely to study subjects that are linked to higher earnings.
But when the researchers took other factors - such as an individual's socio-economic background and ethnicity and the region in which they studied - into account, they still found privately schooled university graduates earned some 7% more, on average, than their peers from maintained schools.
The research  also assessed graduates from similar backgrounds, who went to the same university to study the same subject and went into the same job after gaining their degree.
It found that even in these cases, those who attended a fee-paying school earned around 6% - equivalent to around £1,500 a year - more on average.
It says: "These results suggest that there remains a challenge for policymakers interested in the role of higher education as a route to social mobility.
"While these data only provide an early indication of the extent to which graduates' earnings differ by family background, they may be indicative of a longer-term relationship between socio-economic background and graduates' labour market success."
Dr Claire Crawford, assistant professor of economics at the University of Warwick and research fellow at the IFS, one of the authors of the research, said:  "Education is often regarded as a route to social mobility.
"But our research shows that, even amongst those who succeed in obtaining a degree, family background - and in particular the type of school they went to - continues to influence their success in the work place.
"These results suggest that there is a pressing need to understand why private schooling confers such an advantage in the labour market, even amongst similarly achieving graduates, and why higher education does not appear to be the leveller it was hoped to be."
A study by the  Social Market Foundation for the Sutton Trust, published in July, found UK children who are privately educated are likely to earn almost £200,000 more between the ages of 26 and 42 than those attending state schools.
A spokeswoman for the Department for Education said: "We have reformed the school curriculum and qualifications to ensure every child learns the core knowledge in the key subjects like English, maths and science - the ones universities and employers value the most - and our plan for education is also ensuring every child of whatever background will leave school with the broader skills and experiences they need to succeed."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Buskers should be left out of new rules designed to improve the image of Chester city centre, an MP has said.

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Cheshire West and Chester Council wants to introduce designated busking areas for approved buskers which performers would need to book.
Joining a debate on the issue, Chester MP Chris Matheson said: "I like the spontaneity of buskers. I wouldn't want to control them."
However the city centre manager said busking can cause problems for shops.
"Not everyone is the biggest fan of somebody who's playing outside their business when they can't do business for such long periods," Peter Lewis added.
"What we are asking for is that buskers show a level of respect and concern."
Chester and the surrounding west Cheshire region drew more than 31m visitors in 2014.
Buskers in the city are divided on the proposals.
Professional guitarist David Jimenez (above), who busks in towns across the northwest England and the Midlands, said Chester was "really good for buskers" with "a lot of culture and tourists".
He added the new rules would be "a shame", saying "there have been street musicians in Chester for hundreds and hundreds of years".
But Frank, who occasionally plays his harmonica in the city for fun, is in favour of the rules.
"If we're overcrowded with buskers and it's just a mash of sound, it's not very good for the public anyway," he said.
According to a council report, buskers would need to comply with a code of conduct, which would involve an "assessment of quality". Those who comply would earn an "approved busker" badge.
Mr Lewis insisted the "assessment" would not involve auditions for buskers.
But Mr Matheson said: "I think part of the essence of busking is the artistic freedom they're given, so in my response to the consultation I'll be suggesting that perhaps we leave buskers out."
The council's consultation shows it is already considering involving working with buskers and the Equity and the Musicians Union to draw up alternative rules.

New licensing rules mean Players Club on Printing Office Street must apply for a sexual entertainment venue licence.
Objectors to the club, which has been operating for three years, claim it gives the wrong impression to shoppers and visitors.
TR Leisure Ltd, which owns the club, declined to comment on the objections.
Players employs about 35 people and offers nude lap dancing, topless pole dancing and strip-tease.
All such venues must now have a sexual entertainment licence to continue trading.
In a joint letter to the licensing committee, 12 local businesses have expressed concerns about the image the club projects.
The letter read: "We do not want to be the 'Ayia Napa' of Yorkshire so let's put a stop to it."
The Reverend Stephen Clark, from the nearby Priory Place Methodist Church, has also written to councillors.
He said the town centre was not a suitable area for this kind of venue.
The application will be considered by councillors in Doncaster on 11 January.


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Question: Prince Henrik of Denmark will not be buried next to his wife Queen Margrethe, royal officials say, with the prince unhappy at never being designated her equal.

The 83-year-old has long complained at being named as prince rather than king.
It had been expected that the pair would be buried together in a specially-designed sarcophagus at Roskilde Cathedral.
The queen, 77, is said to have accepted her husband's decision.
"It is no secret that the prince for many years has been unhappy with his role and the title he has been awarded in the Danish monarchy," the Royal Danish House's director of communications told the tabloid BT.
"For the prince, the decision not to be buried beside the queen is the natural consequence of not having been treated equally to his spouse - by not having the title and role he has desired."
Born Henri Marie Jean AndrÃ© de Laborde de Monpezat in France in 1934, he and the queen have two sons. Henrik retired from public life last year.
The royal house said despite rumours to the contrary the prince wants to be buried in Denmark rather than France.

But, after her, who are the world's other longest-reigning monarchs?
King Bhumibol's death means that in addition to Queen of the United Kingdom and other Commonwealth countries, Elizabeth II can add "world's longest-reigning living monarch" to her long list of titles.
Elizabeth became Queen on 6 February 1952 on the death of her father King George VI. She was 25 at the time and on tour in Kenya with her husband Prince Philip.
She was crowned the following year, on 2 June 1953.
The Queen became the UK's longest-serving monarch on 9 September 2015, surpassing the 63 years, seven months and two day-long reign of her great-great-grandmother Queen Victoria.
Elizabeth II has been married to Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, for 69 years, 64 of which she has been Queen. Her son, Prince Charles, is the longest-serving heir apparent in British history.
At the beginning of both her reign, and that of the late Thai king, Joseph Stalin was leader of the Soviet Union and Harry Truman was the United States president.
United Kingdom country profile
One of the world's richest men is the next longest-reigning royal and he heads one of the world's few absolute monarchies.
Hassanal Bolkiah, the Sultan of Brunei, came to the throne on 4 October 1967 following the abdication of his father, Sir Haji Omar Ali Saifuddin.
He presides over the tiny state, which is surrounded by the state of Sarawak in Malaysia and abutting the South China Sea.
It has one of the world's highest standards of living thanks to rich oil and gas reserves.
The royal family possesses a huge private fortune and its subjects pay no taxes.
As well as being the Sultan, Bolkiah is the prime minister; heads the defence and finance ministries; is a general in the armed forces; an honorary admiral in the Royal Navy; and a police inspector general.
He lives in the biggest palace in the world, the Istana Nurul Iman, which has 1,788 rooms.
Brunei country profile
Affectionately known to her country as Daisy, Queen Margrethe II is Denmark's first queen and its second longest-reigning monarch since King Christian IV (12 April 1577 - 28 February 1648).
Margrethe's father King Frederick IX and his wife, Ingrid of Sweden, had a family of three girls and they enjoyed much popular support. In 1953, following a referendum, a new act of succession was passed to allow a woman to ascend the throne.
She became Queen when her father died on 14 January 1972. A heavy smoker, an artist, and now aged 76, she largely retains Denmark's affections.
In 2012, she marked her 40th Jubilee as Queen Elizabeth II marked her Diamond Jubilee.
Queen Margrethe said she had no intention of standing down to allow her son Crown Prince Frederik to take over, as "you are handed your job as the old king or queen dies".
She said she was inspired at her own proclamation by Queen Elizabeth's statement on her coronation 19 years earlier that she would dedicate herself to serve the nation.
Although she is the first Queen of Denmark, Margaret I was ruler of the Scandinavian countries from 1375-1412, during the Kalmar Union, which joined Denmark, Sweden (including Finland) and Norway together.
Denmark country profile
Carl Gustaf XVI is the first Swedish King to abandon the title King of the Swedes, the Goths or Geats and the Wends as he became solely King of Sweden on 15 September 1973.
But people may recognise him better as the man who presents the Nobel Prize.
The youngest of five children, but, crucially, the only son, Carl Gustaf followed his grandfather King Gustaf VI Adolf to the throne. His father had been killed in a plane crash in 1947.
He was only nine months old when his father died and his childhood lay behind a later, personal message to Swedish survivors of the 2004 tsunami. At a memorial service in 2005 he told them: "I know what it means to grow up without a dad.
"We adults will listen to you, you who are children and young, to your stories of what you experienced and feel. Show us your drawings, your tears, sorrow and anger. We adults are here to protect and to help you."
He married Silvia Sommerlath, a German-Brazilian, in 1976. The night before their wedding, Abba performed Dancing Queen live for the first time at a special concert.
The Swedish monarch has a ceremonial, rather than political role. The succession laws changed in 1980 so he and Queen Silvia's eldest daughter Victoria is the heir.
Sweden country profile


Question: Norfolk is a dating scams hotspot, Surrey succumbs to investment fraud and west and mid-Wales suffers cold calling computer cons, according to data from UK cyber-crime centre Action Fraud.

Consumer watchdog Which? has collated the data, which came via a Freedom of Information request
And it wants the government to do more to tackle the problem.
A recent Office of National Statistics survey suggested there are 5.4 million fraud and computer misuse cases a year.
Other findings include:
Which said that it could not explain why certain frauds occur more in some areas rather than others, partly because so many fraud cases go unreported so the data is incomplete.
There were 264,204 frauds reported to Action Fraud in 2016 but this is likely to be a fraction of those that occur.
Which's report did suggest that certain demographics are targeted by different scams  - so, for example, fake computer fixes tend to focus on elderly women living in rural areas.
Members of the public can click on an interactive map to find out the most commonly occurring fraud in their county.
Gareth Shaw, Which? money expert, thinks there is little doubt that online fraud is on the rise: "This research highlights how reported fraud in the UK is on the increase and the kinds of scams you are most likely to fall victim to will depend on where you live.
"These criminals are constantly finding new ways to rip us off and those tackling fraud should be upping their game. The government needs to set out an ambitious agenda to tackle fraud, while law enforcement agencies need to be working harder to identify and protect the people most at risk from fraud."

A total of £10.9bn was lost to the UK economy in the 12 months to April, prevention group Get Safe Online said.
Fraudulent emails and messages directing people to websites that gather victims' personal information are the most common con-trick, it said.
It urged people to use many different strong passwords and to ensure security updates are loaded.
"Online safety needs to be part of our everyday routines," said Tony Neate, chief executive of Get Safe Online.
Other tips for staying free from fraud included checking social media settings to ensure posts are only  seen by trusted friends.
The group also urges people to back up their information such as documents and photos to hard drives or cloud storage.
Victims have found themselves suffering financial loss after hacks into email and social media. Others find themselves on the end of ransomware - when criminals block access to a device until the victims responds to a demand for money.
In September, bank-funded crime prevention group Financial Fraud Action said that a financial scam was committed once every 15 seconds on average in the first half of the year.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Checks and balances on how academy schools in England spend large amounts of public money are "too weak", research commissioned by MPs has found.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

A report carried out for the Education Select Committee said "questionable practices" were being signed off.
However, the report stressed that cases of deliberate fraud were rare.
Education Secretary Nicky Morgan will be questioned about "loopholes" in academy regulation when she appears before the committee next month.
The research - carried out by the University of London's Institute of Education - found that while regulation had improved since 2010, problems were still occurring, including potential conflicts of interest.
One interviewee described an academy head teacher who had spent Â£50,000 on a one-day training course run by a friend.
Another cited the chairman of a multi-academy trust, who was also a lawyer specialising in education, who used his company to provide all legal services for the trust.
Another said the chairman of governors in one academy told staff they would be dismissed if they discussed with students or used textbooks referencing abortion or contraception.
The chairman of the committee, Graham Stuart, told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that most academies were "working hard in challenging conditions to raise standards."
And he said the "greed, nepotism, and self-serving behaviour of a few" should not bring "the academies movement in general into disrepute".
"Issues around at-cost provision of services, and some other technicalities, are still pretty weak in regulatory terms," Mr Stuart added.
"I think we will want to question the secretary of state pretty strongly on that."
The report said the "vast majority of academy trusts" were staffed by "honourable people".
It added: "Cases of deliberate fraud are rare and many of the instances where real or perceived conflicts have arisen are the result of people being asked to work too fast with too few controls.
"Nevertheless, the general sense from the literature and the evidence collected for this study is that the checks and balances on academy trusts in relation to conflicts of interest are still too weak.
"In the course of the research we came across a significant number of real or potential conflicts of interest that we found concerning."
The study backed the findings of a Commons Public Accounts Committee report in April 2013, which suggested introducing a "fit and proper persons test" at individual academy and academy trust level.
A Department for Education spokeswoman said: "As the report recognises, the vast majority of academy trusts are focused on raising standards of education - often in our most challenging areas.
"All academies are subject to a strict oversight and regulatory regime which has been further tightened since 2010.
"We are clear that no individual or organisation with a governing relationship to an academy can make a profit from providing it with services.
"We have also made clear to all academies the consequences of breaching those rules and will not hesitate to take action where we think that has happened."
Nick Weller, chairman of the Independent Academies Association, said: "We believe that the best forms of academy sponsorship are either the original philanthropic one, or one where outstanding schools have built a family of schools around them.
"Some of the later models of sponsorship, for example by suppliers of educational services, are often weaker in impact, are often a throw-back to the failed local authority model, and almost invite conflicts of interest.  In our opinion, such models should be avoided."
Lucy Heller, chief executive of the ARK academy chain, said: "One of the benefits of being part of a strong academy network is the importance placed on monitoring - not just to drive up standards but to ensure financial good practice.
"We welcome robust oversight of all schools, but it is also important to recognise that sponsored academies have been improving results faster than other schools in some of the least well-off communities in our country."

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The Durand Academy Trust (DAT) runs an infant and junior school in Stockwell, south London, and a boarding school for older pupils in Midhurst, West Sussex.
The EFA said it had serious concerns about the financial management and governance of the trust.
The Durand Academy said it would fight the decision.
Durand Academy, which has more than 1,000 pupils at its three sites, received Â£17m from the government to set up the school for weekly boarders in 2014.
In a letter to former executive head teacher Sir Greg Martin, who chairs the governors, EFA chief executive Peter Lauener said there had been "repeated and significant" breaches of the terms of the funding agreement.
The letter, dated 11 October, said the academy trust had failed to comply with six out of eight requirements set out by the EFA.
It says Â£2m of public money transferred to the Durand Education Trust has not yet been repaid to the Durand Academy Trust despite a request made by the government funding agency in February 2015.
The letter also questions why the academy has been charged for the use of a leisure centre, on one of its own sites, by its pupils.
Academies Minister Lord Nash said: "Following much consideration, we have advised Durand Academy Trust that we are planning to proceed with the termination of the trust's funding agreement.
"A provisional notice of termination was issued to the trust on 4 July because of serious concerns about financial management and governance.
"That notice set out a number of requirements.
"The trust has failed or refused to comply with six of the eight requirements we set out to address our concerns.
"This is not a decision we have taken lightly, but it has been done to safeguard the future education of Durand's pupils and to ensure public money and public assets intended for the education of children are managed effectively".
It was one of then Education Secretary Michael Gove's favourite schools; a reason, he said, to be optimistic.
The founder, Sir Greg Martin, was knighted for services to education in the Queen's Birthday Honours in 2013.
But the Durand Academy Trust has been dogged by controversy because of the complex financial structures created around it.
It was the appearance of Sir Greg before the Public Accounts Committee that propelled the school into the headlines.
He faced questions about additional payments and a dating service registered to the school address.
The MPs also challenged the transfer of the ownership of school land into the separate Durand Education Trust, which runs a leisure centre on it.
Two years on and those unconventional arrangements are at the heart of the decision to terminate the funding agreement.
The Education Funding Agency's decision will also revive the debate about whether the Department for Education really has a grip on the finances of academies.
However, the academy said the EFA had been waging a campaign against it for a number of years, and said the campaign had been "characterised by misrepresentation, half truths and inaccuracies". Read full statement from Durand Academy
It said it had complained to the education secretary about the EFA, but had been ignored.
It said a self-governing academy had the right to "make a profit and surpluses for the benefit of the children in its care and to use this profit and surpluses as it sees fit to improve the facilities on offer to its children and their local community".
And it said an independent financial audit had uncovered no financial wrongdoing.
Shadow schools minister Mike Kane said: "This is an extremely concerning case, which further exposes the Tories' failure to properly oversee academy schools and make sure taxpayers' money is being spent where it should be.
"The Tories need to get a grip of the academy system as it stands, rather than make the problem any bigger by adding more schools and academy trusts.
"It's clear what we need - good teachers in good schools, but every day that goes by shows the Tories can't deliver the change we need."
In April, the National Audit Office criticised the Department for Education for failing to properly account for the spending of academies in general.
It said there was a level of "mis-statement and uncertainty" that meant the truth and fairness of accounts could not be verified.


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Question: A statue of a gorilla made from spoons for entertainer Uri Geller has been completed after cutlery was donated from across the world.

It was originally to feature 5,000 spoons, but it was soon realised eight times that amount was needed.
In January, the British Ironwork Centre in Oswestry warned the gorilla was at risk due to a spoon shortage.
The centre said the response to an appeal meant it will include more spoons "than we could have dreamed of".
The final sculpture, which will eventually be displayed at Geller's home in Berkshire, is 12ft (3.6m) tall and features more than 40,000 spoons, donated from people in 23 countries - 70 spoons alone were used to create the tongue.
Prince Michael of Kent is due to officially unveil it on 17 May. Until then, the British Ironwork Centre said it had been placed under 24-hour guard.
Other than the sculptor who made it, even members of staff have been banned from seeing the piece.
Following an appeal by the British Ironwork Centre, local schools started collecting spoons, and pupils from countries including India, China and Kenya joined in.
Geller, a friend of pop star Michael Jackson, has also donated a jacket belonging to the singer to be awarded to the person who donates the most spoons.
British Ironwork Centre chairman Clive Knowles said there had been a lot of interest: "We've got a taxi driver in Kent attempting to collect the most spoons.
"We've heard of someone who wishes to literally buy 30,000 spoons, just to obtain the jacket."
Geller, who placed an order for the spoon gorilla, plans to fly the piece to his home in a net dangling from a helicopter, in the style of King Kong.
He said he commissioned the statue to put in his garden to inspire ill children, and chose a gorilla because he had become fond of one he met, which painted various pictures now displayed in Geller's home.
He added that his riverside garden in Sonning-on-Thames, Berkshire, already contained a pyramid, a spoon-covered Cadillac and more than 200 crystals arranged in the shape of the star of David.
"I am not a healer or miracle worker, but I deeply believe positive intentions, meditation, visualisation and affirmation could help a sick child and that is what I try to do," he said.
"Most kids are amazed by [my garden] and it puts a smile on their faces."
Geller achieved fame for apparently bending spoons with the power of his mind, and has published fiction and non-fiction books, presented television programmes and designed a range of jewellery.

The 2m-high (6ft 6in) oak sculpture of a scarecrow was taken from Caia Woods soon after it was put in place in September.
Wrexham council said it reappeared nearby on Wednesday morning, none the worse for its ordeal.
The artwork, named Tattybogle, was made by tree carver Simon O'Rourke with help from local children.


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Question: The head of the International Monetary Fund has warned global growth is likely to be weaker this year than last.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

Christine Lagarde also said she expected there would be only a modest acceleration in 2016.
And she warned there could be an economic "vicious cycle" caused by higher US interest rates and the Chinese slowdown.
She said these threats could jeopardise recent economic gains in Asia, Latin America and Asia.
Ms Lagarde was addressing the Council of the Americas ahead of next week's IMF and World Bank annual meetings and the release of the Fund's World Economic Outlook on Tuesday.
She said: "The good news is that we are seeing a modest pickup in advanced economies. The moderate recovery is strengthening in the euro Area; Japan is returning to positive growth; and activity remains robust in the US and the UK as well.
"The not-so-good news is that emerging economies are likely to see their fifth consecutive year of declining rates of growth."
She added: "On the economic front, there is ... reason to be concerned. The prospect of rising interest rates in the United States and China's slowdown are contributing to uncertainty and higher market volatility.
"Rising US interest rates and a stronger dollar could reveal currency mismatches, leading to corporate defaults... and a vicious cycle between corporates, banks, and sovereigns," Ms Lagarde added.
She also pointed to the "sharp deceleration" in the growth of global trade and the "rapid drop" in commodity prices, which is damaging the finances of commodity-exporting emerging market economies.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Its latest forecast says the UK economy will grow by just 1.5% this year and by 1.2% in 2018, compared to 2% last year.
The Commission says the slowdown is prompted by uncertainty following last June's Brexit vote in the UK.
By contrast, the eurozone of 19 countries is predicted to grow faster than the UK, by 1.6% this year and 1.8% the next.
However the latest forecasts by the Commission, for both the UK and the eurozone, represent an improvement on its previous one made last November, which suggested that the UK would grow by just 1% this year.
Explaining its view, the Commission said: "Business investment is likely to be adversely affected by persisting uncertainty while private consumption growth is projected to weaken as growth in real disposable income declines."
Inflation is also predicted to rise this year in the eurozone, reaching an annual rate of 1.%, up from just 0.2% in 2016.
The view of the Commission on the UK was shared recently by the National Institute of Economic and Social Research (NIESR).
Earlier this month it also predicted an economic slowdown in the UK, with the country growing by 1.7% this year and 1.9% in 2018.


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Question: A man has appeared in court charged with the murder of a 24-year-old mini-cab driver fatally shot in east London.

Abdi Gutale, from Leytonstone, died when a gunman opened fire as he drove down a residential street in Leyton in the early hours of 14 May.
Kingsley Harvey, 25, also from Leytonstone, was arrested on Wednesday and remanded in custody after a hearing at Thames Magistrates' Court.
He will next appear at the Old Bailey on 7 June.
Two men aged 19 and 31 have been arrested on suspicion of murder and released on bail until early July.
A 22-year-old man arrested in London on 18 May has been bailed until late July.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The body of Christopher Laskaris, who was known as Adam to his friends, was discovered at St John's Close in Hyde Park, Leeds, on 17 November.
Philip Craig, 37, and 22-year-old Dempsey Pattison, both from Leeds, have been charged over the death of the 24-year-old.
Mr Craig was also charged with a burglary offence.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: Several roads were closed for the Swansea Half Marathon with more than 6,000 runners taking part on Sunday.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The main race started at 09:00 BST and closures were in place until 14:00.
Among the competitors were Swansea Harriers' runner Matthew Rees, who stopped close to the end of April's London Marathon to help David Wyeth, who was struggling with exhaustion, over the line.
The reunited pair completed the Swansea race within minutes of each other.

The first person to cross the finish line on Plymouth Hoe in a time of 1 hour 11 minutes was Phil Burden, from Taunton.
Eleanor Davis, from Cornwall, was the first women to complete the 13.1mile (21km) route in 1 hour 17 minutes.
One man was taken to hospital as a precaution after collapsing just short of the the finish line.
He was helped to his feet and completed the race before being stretchered off by paramedics. His condition is not known.
A total of 4,734 people took part in the full half marathon, while 2,600 children and 500 teachers completed a schools challenge.
In the weeks running up to the race, pupils covered a total of 12.1 miles, completing the final mile in front of thousands of spectators.
Runners have been raising money for local and national charities, including Children's Hospice South West, Macmillan Cancer Support and CLIC Sargent.
Race organisers on the Hoe described conditions as "near perfect" with some sunshine and light winds.