Question:
represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.
Examples:

Given ['represent this\n\n\nE.g. \'It may be easier for a camel to pass through the eye of a needle than for a rich man to enter the kingdom of God, but wealth has never been an insuperable barrier to a parliamentary career.\' == \'The super-rich feature in both Houses and, following David Cameron\'s post-Panama Papers publication, we might soon have the voyeuristic pleasure of inspecting their tax returns.\nAt the moment the prime minister is trying to hold a line; that he and Chancellor George Osborne should reveal their tax affairs because they are the people who set tax policy - and that others, by implication, should not have to do so.\nBut the pressure for disclosure might not stop there; what about lesser Treasury ministers, business ministers, any ministers involved in spending decisions, which is pretty much all of them?\nOr MPs on the Treasury Committee, the bill committees for finance bills and city regulation measures? What about their opposition and minor party shadow ministers?\nThe ripple effect of the principle could soon engulf most of parliament - and could then continue outward, encompassing major public officials, industry regulators and the like.\nThe ripple would probably manifest itself as peer pressure - "X has published all his tax details, why haven\'t you, minister?" - well before any rule change was pushed through to require publication.\nAlready, Boris Johnson, who was under no particular pressure to reveal his tax affairs, has gone public, revealing an impressive income as a columnist and author.\nAnd in the process he has made it very hard for future rivals for the leadership of the Conservative Party not to follow suit. By the next election tax disclosure by candidates could be an almost universal expectation, as it is in America.\nOf course, MPs already have to disclose their earned income in the Register of Members Income, so any employment income - which covers things like paid directorships, earnings as a member of Lloyds, salaries and fees paid in kind have to be there - but the rules specifically do not require them to declare "Income received by way of dividends."\nThe register is designed to reveal where interests lie - rather than how much income is generated by those interests. So MPs must register shares when they amount to more than 15% of the share capital of a company, or are valued at more than Â£70,000. And that includes any shares which are managed by a trust, other than, for obvious reasons, a blind trust.\nChanging that requirement would expose their income from assets - shares, trusts, whatever, to the public gaze - but it\'s an extension of what already happens with other forms of income, not a new principle.\nSome would doubtless find the glare of scrutiny uncomfortable; either because they just don\'t like entirely innocent financial matters being made public, or, perhaps in a few cases, because something embarrassing would be revealed.\nAnd politically, there is clear evidence that the voters are less keen on rich candidates - especially if the extent of their wealth is available in footnoted detail, for opponents to rub their noses in.\nAs candidates\' earnings increase, so their popularity declines, wealth is an especial negative for women, working-class and Labour and Lib Dem respondents voters - while Conservative voters are less put off by wealthy candidates, but they draw a sharper distinction between the source of income than others.\nRemember, too, that the disclosure would bring to light things like gift-aid donations and joint arrangements with spouses and relatives, who might think they were none of the public\'s business.\nSome people might even be deterred from standing for parliament or entering government - but a bigger, but more subtle, danger is that irritation at a forced disclosure might feed into a more general disgruntlement and make MPs harder to manage and less whip-able.\nAnd in the current fractious Westminster climate, that is not nothing.\nPoliticians\' taxes: who\'s published what?\nMore details of tax disclosures\' != \'And one of those groupings is the evangelical wing - a deeply conservative grouping that will play such an important role in Iowa, the first state to vote in February next year - and therefore disproportionately important. So you are going to say things this Christian community in the Midwest state wants to hear. You are going to do things that are none too subtle. You might even do a bit of pandering to them.\nDonald Trump went on stage this weekend clutching the bible his mother had given him. It was a new prop for him to use. That\'s politics. You do what you need to do. But equally there are lines you just do not cross. And in the past two days, two of the Republican hopefuls, it seems, have done just that - one stumbled across the line, the other leapt across it so egregiously that it is causing reverberations.\nThe slight trip across the line came from the aforementioned Mr Trump who failed to correct a questioner who alleged that Obama wasn\'t American, wasn\'t a Christian - but was a Muslim.  Mr Trump, under fire, countered that it wasn\'t up to him - he had no moral responsibility to stand up for the president. OK, but you can correct a downright lie. No?\nThe full scale leap across the line that would have made an Olympic long jumper proud came from the mild-mannered, hitherto Mr Nice of this race, Dr Ben Carson. He was asked on Meet the Press whether his faith should matter. If you haven\'t heard it I am going to reprint here the full exchange with Chuck Todd the interviewer, just so you can see that the comments aren\'t being taken out of context.\nTODD: Should a president\'s faith matter? Should it matter to voters?\nCARSON: I guess it depends on what that faith is. If it\'s inconsistent with the values and principles of America. And of course, if it fits within the realm of America and consistent with the constitution, no problem.\nTODD: So do you believe that Islam is consistent with the constitution?\nCARSON: No, I do not. I would not advocate that we put a Muslim in charge of this nation. I absolutely would not agree with that.\nAnd just so we can deal with the substantive point that Dr Carson raises, let us just detain ourselves for a moment longer on what is and what is not constitutional. Article 6 is just about as explicit a statement as you\'re ever going to find: no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States.\nI don\'t know whether Dr Carson\'s words will bolster his position among the base after a somewhat lacklustre performance in the Republican debate last week at the Ronald Reagan Library - but what about the feelings of the three million Muslims who live in America? How is it going to feel to have a serious political figure, someone who aspires to lead this nation, essentially saying being Muslim is un-American?\nThese people who day in, day out serve their communities, support their families, enrich the lives of fellow citizens and make America the successful melting pot that it is. Kids who recite the pledge of allegiance in the morning at their schools and go to their mosque or church or synagogue in the evening at the weekend? Isn\'t that what America is all about?  Which bit of "one Nation under God, indivisible, with liberty and justice for all" doesn\'t Dr Carson get?\nIndeed, how different are Dr Carson\'s comments from previous generations of bigots, racists and apologists who would say there could never be an African-American as president, or Catholic, or any other minority you could single out.\nIt is worth looking back at the major piece of work that the Republican leadership undertook after the party\'s defeat in the 2012 general election, and the reasons why people had shunned it. One of the conclusions of this major piece of research, called the Growth and Opportunity Project, was as follows:\n"Public perception of the Party is at record lows. Young voters are increasingly rolling their eyes at what the Party represents, and many minorities wrongly think that Republicans do not like them or want them in the country. When someone rolls their eyes at us, they are not likely to open their ears to us."\nI was in California for the second Republican debate last week, and to be honest I thought Dr Ben Carson was sailing in a bit of an empty vessel. I couldn\'t remember anything noteworthy that he had said. Well, we now see that there is something in that vessel, aside from him. And it is not very pleasant. It will be interesting to watch how much pressure there\'ll be for him to walk the plank, or chart a very different course.\'', 'Cilla Black died of a stroke after falling over at her Spanish home on Saturday, the coroner has confirmed.'] it matches with ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The 72-year-old was sunbathing at her villa in Estepona when she stood up, lost her balance and fell hitting her head, which knocked her unconscious.\nShe subsequently died of a stroke, and would not have suffered.\nThe star\'s three sons released the information after receiving the "conclusive" results of the post-mortem examination from authorities in Spain.\nThey have now been given permission to return her body to the UK as soon as possible for her funeral.\n"We are devastated by the sad loss of our mother, but have been deeply touched by all the kind messages of support from her friends, fans, the public and media," said Robert, Ben and Jack Willis in a statement.\n"We would like to thank everyone, especially the people of Liverpool. The tributes and condolences have really helped us through these difficult times.\n"The Spanish authorities have now told us we are able to bring Mum home, which we hope to do as quickly as possible.\n"We would also like to thank all those involved for their assistance with this matter. We respectfully request for our continued privacy to grieve."\nDetails of a funeral will be released in due course.\nBorn Priscilla Maria Veronica White, the Liverpudlian first found fame as a singer in the 1960s, with a string of top 10 hits including Anyone Who Had a Heart and You\'re My World.\nHer career focus shifted to television in 1968, when she was given her own BBC One primetime series, and she went on to host Blind Date and Surprise Surprise for ITV.\nTributes to the star poured in from the world of entertainment after news of her death was announced on Sunday.\nSir Paul McCartney called her "a lovely girl who infected everyone with her great spirit" while Sir Bruce Forsyth said she would be "sadly missed".\nSir Cliff Richard said he had been due to visit her at her house in Spain next week. "Her passing away is a particular shock because despite the aches and pains we all suffer, she was always so upbeat," he said.\nHundreds of fans queued up to sign a book of condolence at Liverpool\'s town hall on Monday.\nFriends said Black\'s health had been failing in recent months. She suffered from arthritis and both her hearing and eyesight were faltering.\nFormer EastEnders star Barbara Windsor told the BBC: "I\'ve seen her twice in the last few weeks, and as always she looked immaculate. That was the thing about Cilla, she always looked spot-on.\n"But I knew she wasn\'t very well, she didn\'t seem well."\nIn one of her final interviews, conducted in June, Black said: "I don\'t even sing in the shower these days, never mind touring."\n"I\'m too old. I can\'t do it like I did," she told Canadian DJ Robbie Lane on the Zoomeradio\'s British Invasion Show.\n"I know Paul McCartney still does it, but he\'s an old ham! I\'ve paid my dues. I think I deserve a little bit of rest."\n"I\'m content with what I have done and what I have achieved."\nBlack also expressed astonishment when Lane informed her that Anyone Who Had A Heart had been the UK\'s biggest-selling single by a female artist in the 1960s.\n"I\'m 72 years of age and for all that time I didn\'t know," she said.\n"Well, I never. I can die happy now," she added with a chuckle.'] but not with ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', "Chiriac Inout was found in John Bright Street at about 23:30 GMT on 29 November, one of the coldest nights of the year.\nPolice are investigating after CCTV appeared to show someone searching his pockets while he laid in a loading area behind The Victoria pub.\nAn inquest date is yet to be fixed, the coroner's office confirmed."]

Question: So Parliament's show of the year is here - the full regalia of state has seen Westminster bursting into colour.

The Queen's Diamond Jubilee state coach made its way to the Palace of Westminster carrying the Imperial State Crown before both houses came together for her speech.
It is a moment when the unity of state is on very purposeful display.
But after the gilded regalia is gone and the red carpets are stripped away a more prosaic political reality returns.
Her Majesty's Government is drawn from a party with a small majority locked into public division over an EU referendum with the potential to decide the fate of her prime minister and members of the cabinet.
In press released comments to accompany the speech, David Cameron said the government's legislative programme involved "difficult choices" and "big and bold reforms".
But those reforms are likely to be a little less difficult and perhaps a touch smaller and less bold than they might otherwise be - because the wrong referendum result has the potential to terminate the prime minister's oversight of all of them.
This is a moment when Mr Cameron can ill afford controversies over planned legislation or public spats with his own backbenchers threatening to rebel over upcoming bills.
It is striking that some of the most heavily trailed parts of the Queen's Speech are those that have the effect of promoting the government's desire to be seen as compassionate.
The programme sees legislation introduced "to tackle some of the deepest social problems in society, and improve life chances".
The planned laws involve changes to adoption and social work designed to lift children out of poverty and prison reform for "changed and reformed lives" for offenders.
The prominence given to these announcements follows a series of damaging climb downs in which critics accused ministers of having to be forced to take the compassionate argument in the face of threatened backbench rebellions.
Take the recent changes of heart by the government - which has a working majority of just 17 - over housing child refugees from Europe or over planned welfare cuts for the disabled.
The latter involved the resignation of Work and Pensions Secretary Iain Duncan Smith, who after a fierce battle with the Treasury left behind him excoriating comments suggesting the government had lost its way in helping the poorest.
Of course, Mr Duncan Smith - who opposes Britain's membership of the EU - leads us back to the prime minister's bigger battle - the referendum. The campaign has split the Conservative Party and is becoming increasingly embittered with rows having the potential to bleed through into other areas of policymaking.
The government's plans for a "British" Bill of Rights is one such area likely to become a battleground for the competing sides in the EU debate.
The proposal formed a meagre eleven words towards the end of the Queen's Speech with little additional detail from the government - other than to say the rights would be based on those set out in the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR), while taking into account UK laws. The lack of detail may help avoid a potentially explosive row over the bill - for now.
But Mr Duncan Smith has attacked David Cameron for abandoning other key legislation, citing a failure to include a planned Sovereignty Bill to re-assert the supremacy of the UK Parliament.
It is another sign of how hard it can be during the campaign to disentangle the usual process of government from the deepening divisions over the referendum.
But despite the challenges for the government, the speech does contain some striking and potentially controversial measures.
Proposals to privatise the Land Registry will provoke a fierce response from unions, which have already raised concerns over thousands of jobs.
The Counter-Extremism and Safeguarding Bill includes stronger powers to disrupt radicals' activities and is likely to provoke strong debate.
The Prison and Courts Reform Bill gives new powers to prison governors to control their own jails, which the government claims is the "biggest reform of our prisons since Victorian times".
The former Home Secretary Michael Howard says all this shows the government "is not distracted by the referendum". That's despite his own opposition to the government's position on remaining within the EU.
These are awkward times indeed for the government - but ones from which attention is deflected for one morning only, thanks to the gleaming regalia of the Queen's Speech.

The year had barely begun when the sad news broke of the death of David Bowie. Among many tributes came this performance at Glasgow's Kelvingrove.
A stormy winter stretched from the end of 2015 into February, with Henry arriving to usher in the month.
February went out with a bang on the 29th, and incredible footage of a meteor over Scotland lit up Twitter on the first day of March.
Nessie was discovered in April, or at least a vintage film prop lying at the bottom of the famous Highland loch.
A couple the big beasts of Scottish comedy also made plans for a return in May, as Jack and Victor announced a new run of Still Game.
June's Brexit vote transformed the political landscape and brought people onto the streets in Edinburgh and Glasgow.
The fallout from the Brexit decision brought talk of an indyref2 onto the agenda and new Prime Minister Theresa May was quick to play down the prospect.
Police Scotland's move to include a hijab in its official uniform choices was a big talking point in August.
A giant wasp was caught on a live feed of Reporting Scotland in September attacking Glasgow - well not quite.
Back to #indyref2, and in October First Minister Nicola Sturgeon set out plans to publish a consultation on an Independence Referendum Bill.
One from the archive did the business in November - looking back at how a young Andrew Murray began his journey to becoming tennis world number one.
And finally, it was a festive scene that caught the imagination towards the end of 2016, as Storm Barabara swept in on a Christmas tree in Dunoon.
For the latest news from around Scotland on Twitter you can follow @BBCScotlandNews.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Talks between Steven Gerrard and MK Dons have ended, with the League One side continuing their search for a new manager with other candidates.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Positive initial talks took place between the Dons and Gerrard, 36, who will leave LA Galaxy in December.
But the League One side will now continue their search to replace Karl Robinson elsewhere, having already spoken to other candidates.
Gerrard has been linked with Celtic, Inter Milan and a return to Liverpool.
Richie Barker will continue in caretaker charge of the Dons for Tuesday's match against Chesterfield, with the club in the relegation zone of the third tier of English football.
Gerrard, the fourth-most capped England international, left the MLS side last week, saying he had "options on and off the pitch".
He left Anfield in May last year, becoming one of the highest-profile English players to move to an American Major League Soccer club.
As well as leading Liverpool to victory in the 2005 Champions League, he won the FA Cup in 2001 and 2006.
The latter game was dubbed 'The Gerrard Final' after his two brilliant goals - one in stoppage time - saw his team come from behind to eventually beat West Ham on penalties.
Gerrard, who is currently taking his Uefa A coaching licence, also won three League Cups, the Uefa Cup and the Uefa Super Cup with Liverpool.
Following Robinson's departure as MK Dons manager, chairman Pete Winkelman said his ambition was to take the club into the Premier League, adding that an important factor in the appointment of the next manager was "playing modern football".

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Peter Shirtliff also returns as a coach, having worked as assistant manager at the end of last season.
Ex-Sheffield United chief scout Lee Turnbull also joins the backroom staff.
The Latics continue to search for a manager to replace John Sheridan after he left for Notts County.
Steve Evans, most recently of Leeds United, rejected the offer to manage Oldham despite agreeing personal terms.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A man has been jailed for four months for making threats on Facebook to kill his local MP.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Mark Sands, 51, from Eastbourne, East Sussex, threatened to go to the home of Conservative MP Caroline Ansell and stab her "to death".
The factory worker had been angry at proposed disability cuts, magistrates heard, and was charged after police said he had made "a credible threat".
Mrs Ansell said she was used to "low-level abuse" but this was different.
Live: More news from Sussex
In the offending posts, made in November, Sands wrote on his personal Facebook wall: "If you vote to take Â£30 off my money, I will personally come round to your house... and stab you to death."
Sands, who was sentenced at Brighton Magistrates' Court, posted additional messages including "End poverty, kill a Tory now" and, under the political views section of his profile, had written "Kill your local MP".
An image of murdered Labour MP Jo Cox also featured on his page alongside the words "sawn-off 2.2".
He was arrested after a member of the public reported a Facebook post by him to police.
As well as writing on his own account, Sands posted a message on Mrs Ansell's Facebook page.
Speaking to the BBC, Mrs Ansell said: "I remember where I was when I picked up the call from my local police to say that they had seen a credible threat against my life and that a local man had been arrested and was in custody.
"I was at home - it was a Sunday morning - and I wasn't expecting that."
Madeleine Priestley, defending Sands, said he had wrongly believed that Mrs Ansell had voted for a cut to disability benefit that would have affected his income.
She told the court: "It was just an empty threat, he wasn't thinking, just venting political frustration."
Jailing Sands and issuing a restraining order on him not to contact Mrs Ansell, District Judge Christopher James said that the offence was so serious that only a custodial sentence was appropriate.
"It was clearly designed to instil fear in her and it has succeeded in that intent by unsettling and unnerving her deeply."
Sands, of Upperton Gardens, admitted making the threats, at a hearing at Hastings Magistrates' Court last month.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence
Examples:

"['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Brownie Samukai told the UN Security Council that the international response to the crisis was "less than robust".\nThe World Health Organization (WHO) has warned that thousands more cases could occur in Liberia, which has been worst hit by the West Africa outbreak.\nSome 2,288 people have died from Ebola in Liberia, Guinea and Sierra Leone.\nThe WHO says half of these deaths occurred in the three weeks running up to 6 September.\nIn Nigeria, eight people have died out of a total 21 cases.\nIn Senegal, the only person to have been diagnosed with Ebola last month has recovered, a health official has said.\nThe patient, a Guinean student, tested negative after receiving treatment, the official said.\nSource: WHO\nMr Samukai  warned on Tuesday that the disease was "devouring everything in its path" in Liberia.\nThe country\'s weak health system was already overwhelmed by the number of cases, he said.\nMr Samukai told UN Security Council members that Liberia lacked "infrastructure, logistical capacity, professional expertise and financial resources to effectively address this disease".\n"Liberia is facing a serious threat to its national existence. The deadly Ebola virus has caused a disruption of the normal functioning of our state," he said.\nSeparately on Tuesday, the UN\'s envoy in Liberia said that at least 160 Liberian health workers had contracted the disease and half of them had died.\nKarin Landgren described the outbreak as a "latter-day plague" that was growing exponentially.\nShe added that health workers were operating without proper protective equipment, training or pay, in comments to the UN Security Council.\n"Liberians are facing their gravest threat since their war," Ms Landgren said.\n"I don\'t think anybody can say right now that the international response to the Ebola outbreak is sufficient," US ambassador to the UN Samantha Power said after the Security Council briefing.\nEbola spreads between humans by direct contact with infected blood, bodily fluids or organs, or indirectly through contact with contaminated environments.\nUnlike other West African nations affected by the outbreak, efforts to contain the virus in Liberia were not working well, the WHO has said.\nThe reason for this remains unclear; however, experts say it could be linked to burial practices, which can include touching the body and eating a meal near it.\nThere are also not enough beds to treat Ebola patients, particularly in the capital Monrovia, with many people told to go back home, where they may spread the virus.\nThe WHO is calling on organisations combating the outbreak in Liberia to scale up efforts "three-to-four fold" to control the outbreak.\nThe US says it will help the African Union mobilise 100 African health workers to the region and contribute an additional $10m (Â£6.2m) in funds to deal with the outbreak.\nThe announcement comes as a fourth US aid worker infected with the deadly virus was transported to a hospital in Atlanta for treatment. The identity of the aid worker has not yet been revealed.\nTwo other aid workers who were treated at the same hospital have since recovered from an Ebola infection.\nUN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon says he will hold a meeting on the international response to the Ebola crisis on the sidelines of the UN General Assembly this month.']" == "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Liberia is facing a "serious threat" to its national existence as the deadly Ebola virus "spreads like wildfire" there, its defence minister says.']"

30 November 2016 Last updated at 14:58 GMT
Following the sentencing, police released a recording of a 999 call which Maguire made after carrying out the murder, in which he claimed to police that he had returned home and found Mr Ferguson badly injured in his house.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Images courtesy of AFP, EPA, Getty Images and Reuters

A selection of the best photos from across Africa this week:

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Note: Medals per capita have been calculated using country populations from the UN Population Division, 2010 revision. Olympic Park visitor numbers are up to 9 August. Source: Locog, Guinness World Records, Dangerous Decibels Project, Action on Hearing Loss, UK Health and Safety Executive, UN Population Division, news agencies, BBC correspondents. Pictures: Getty, Reuters, AP, AFP.
Produced by Lucy Rodgers, Claire Shannon, Nour Saab, Luke Ward and Marina Shchukina


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The founder and chief executive of the Ashley Madison infidelity dating website, Noel Biderman, has stepped down.

A statement released by the firm said his departure was "in the best interest of the company".
The senior management team will take over leadership until a new chief executive is appointed, it added.
Details of more than 33m accounts were stolen from the website, which offers people the chance to have an affair.
"We are actively adjusting to the attack on our business and members' privacy by criminals. We will continue to provide access to our unique platforms for our worldwide members," the firm's statement said.
"We are actively co-operating with international law enforcement in an effort to bring those responsible for the theft of proprietary member and business information to justice."
Canadian parent company Avid Life Media, which owns the site, has offered a reward of C$500,000 (Â£240,000) for information about the Ashley Madison hackers.
The leaked data, stolen by a group calling itself Impact Team, also included 200,000 emails belonging to Noel Biderman.
Norwegian security researcher Per Thorsheim confirmed to the BBC that they appeared genuine.
"I saw one email or two emails and I could verify the sender, the recipient, the domains and everything so it has to be an email from the CEO's mailbox," he said.
"There's no doubt about that."
Mr Biderman, a former sports lawyer, launched the website in 2001.
He said at the time that he wanted to offer the same opportunities for both women and men seeking extra-marital encounters.
However some of the journalists and security experts who have trawled through the leaked data say there appear to be many more male profiles than female ones.
The site's name was made up of the two most popular names for baby girls in the US at the time - Ashley and Madison.
Parent company Avid Life Media also owns other match-making websites including Cougar Life, Established Men, and The Big and the Beautiful.
Prior to the hack, the firm had announced plans to list publicly in London later this year, with the aim of raising up to $200m (Â£134m).
At the time Christoph Kramer, Ashley Madison's director of international relations, said Europe had "a more laissez-faire attitude" towards the sector.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Michelle Thomson, who represents the Edinburgh West constituency, said she had never contacted the website.
The online dating agency, which specialises in affairs, was hacked by a group calling itself The Impact Team.
The hackers said they would publish what they claimed was a database of 37 million members.
The information has reportedly been posted on the Dark Web, described as the "underground of the internet" or the "internet black market".
Avid Life Media (ALM), which runs Ashley Madison, has branded the hackers as criminals and said it was investigating the latest claims "to determine the validity of any information posted online".
Ms Thomson, who was newly elected to Westminster at May's General Election, said: "Along with potentially millions of others, an out-of-use email address seems to have been harvested by hackers.
"I am not aware of or in contact with either Avid Life or Ashley Madison and look forward to finding out more about what has actually happened.
"However, having a personal email address linked to an account doesn't mean that person is really a user of Ashley Madison.
"Users are able to sign up to the site without responding to an email verification, meaning anyone's email address could have been used to create an account."
The Impact team said it had posted names and personal details of some of the 37 million people signed up to the site, including 1.2 million Britons.
The hackers claim that the parent company of Ashley Madison had failed its users by having lax security measures, and the service itself was a "scam" with "thousands of fake female profiles".


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Retail stocks tumbled on Friday as investors digested the news that Amazon had agreed to buy upmarket grocer Whole Foods for $13.7bn.

Markets closed little changed, in spite of steep declines in supermarket chains, with Kroger down 9.2%, and Target and Walmart falling about 5%.
Shares in Amazon rose 2.4% while Whole Foods jumped 29% to $42.68, above the price of Amazon's bid.
Analysts said the deal was potentially a seismic shift in the sector.
The S&P 500 index held steady edging up 0.69 points to close at 2,433.15 in early trade.
The Dow Jones climbed 0.11% to 21,384.28, while the Nasdaq slid 13.74 points to 6,151.76.
A report from the US census also showed new housing construction slowed in May, a sign of economic weakness that pushed Treasury yields lower.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.6% to 17,175.19, while broad-based S&P 500 fell 0.65% to 1,989.30.
The tech stock-heavy Nasdaq declined 1.04% to 4,605.16.
Oil prices sank to new lows - depths not seen in more than five and a half years - on worries about excess supplies.
US crude fell 3.3% to $55.91 per barrel.
"What continues to be the focus for the markets is oil," said Tim Ghriskey, chief investment officer of Solaris Group in Bedford Hills, New York.
US manufacturing output had its largest increase in nine months in November as production expanded. However, the New York Federal Reserve's gauge of manufacturing turned negative in December for the first time in almost two years.
Shares of pet supply retailer PetSmart rose 4.3% after it agreed to be bought by a private equity consortium led by BC Partners Ltd for $8.7bn (Â£5.56bn), in the largest leveraged buyout of the year.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Swindon Town Football Club has been fined £22,900 for failing to meet government pension rules.

The Pensions Regulator said the club did not put eligible workers into the government's workplace pension scheme, despite being warned in August 2014.
Charles Counsell,  from the watchdog, said: "We're very keen employers get this done so that employees get the pension that they're due."
Swindon Town said it is now compliant with the pension rules.
Mr Counsell, the executive director of automatic enrolment, added: "They had plenty of time to do it and we were in communication with them a lot in the period until that point (in August 2014)."
The notice to comply with pensions was made in August 2014, with a deadline to enrol staff by 17 October 2014.
A spokesman from the club said the fine was "unfortunate".
He added: "The fine related to the period when the ownership of the club was being contested by the former chairman and is yet another painful example of the severe adverse consequences that the uncertainty and instability caused in regularising the business affairs of the club.
"The club is now completely up to date and compliant with its pension obligations and contributions."
Although the club is now compliant, it will still need to pay off the fine and make back-dated pension contributions.

The Premier League side were charged after failing to ensure their club whereabouts information was accurate on three occasions.
Clubs are required to provide accurate details of training sessions and player whereabouts so they are available for testing at all times.
The Cherries were also warned about their future conduct.
It is understood part of the charge concerned a player not informing the club of his new home address, while another part related to members of the Under-21 squad training with the first-team at short notice.
Manchester City were also fined £35,000 and given a warning after accepting a similar charge in February.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Sale secured their first victory at the Madjeski Stadium since October 2006 to leave London Irish four points adrift at the bottom of the Premiership.

Danny Cipriani's penalty put Sharks ahead before Greig Tonks levelled and Sean Maitland's score made it 8-3.
But Sharks replied through Cipriani and Mike Haley to lead 13-8 at the break.
Cipriani's kick extended Sharks' lead before Johnny Williams' score gave Irish hope, but tries for TJ Ioane and Cipriani kept up Sale's top six push.
Tom Coventry's side had lost just twice at home since November and were in touch at 15-16 on 70 minutes.
But opportunistic tries for substitute Ioane and fly-half Cipriani, who contributed 20 of his team's 30 points, sunk the Exiles in the final 10 minutes.
With three games of the season left to play, Sale remain in seventh place, four points adrift of Harlequins in sixth, who recorded a 46-25 victory over strugglers Newcastle.
London Irish will travel to second-from-bottom Newcastle in a fortnight's time in a must-win match if they are to entertain any hopes of surviving the drop.
London Irish head coach Tom Coventry told BBC Radio Berkshire:
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"Bad fortune probably cost us towards the end. I thought there were two massive moments in the game.
"One came from a forward pass from Danny Cipriani and the other from hands in the ruck that were missed by the officials.
"We're just not a good enough team that we can rock through a game and let those opportunities go by.
"We need everything to go our way and they were two big, pretty telling moments."
Sale director of rugby Steve Diamond:
"Fair play to London Irish, they're fighting for their lives. They gave it a pretty good crack and we've just edged them out in the end.
"We made some basic errors, but we did just enough and turned around at half-time just in front."
On whether a place in the top four is realistic: "We've got two games away and two at home to come. We'll see how we go.
"The maths probably tells you the top four is out of the equation, but we'll give it a really good go.
"It'll probably go down to the last game of the season at Newcastle."
London Irish: Maitland, Fowlie, Hearn, Williams, Fenby; Tonks, Steele; Court, Paice, Aulika, Sinclair, Symons, Narraway (capt), Cowan, Treviranus.
Replacements: Cruse, Smallbone, Halavatau, Sexton, McCusker, McKibbin, Brophy Clews, Mulchrone.
Sale Sharks: Haley: Addison, James, Tuitupou, Edwards; Cipriani, Stringer; Lewis-Roberts, Taylor, Mujati, Evans, Ostrikov, Neild, Seymour (capt), Easter.
Replacements: Briggs, Harrison, Cobilas, Mills, Lund, Ioane, Ford, Brady.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Afoa, 33, was cited for a tackle on Harelquins' Tim Swiel in the first-half of the Cherry and Whites' 30-27 Premiership defeat on Saturday.
He will now miss the Premiership game at Bristol on 24 March.
Gloucester are ninth in the Premiership table, having lost three of their past four games.


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Question: There has been a lot of speculation about how England's World Cup qualifier with Scotland could decide the future of both teams' managers but, for me, part of the scenario is pretty simple.

If Scotland lose at Wembley on Friday, I think Gordon Strachan will walk.
For Gareth Southgate, it is a bit different.
Southgate needs a strong England performance and a convincing victory for people to feel he deserves the chance to be manager on a permanent basis, and for there to be a bit of hope for the future.
But the likelihood is that he will get the job anyway, as long as he gets any sort of win.
Nobody was expecting Scotland to win Group F but they should be right in the mix for second place. Instead, their whole campaign has been disappointing.
The level of their performances has not been good and neither have their results - not just in qualifying for Russia 2018 but in all of their competitive fixtures over the past 18 months.
On top of that, there has been Gordon's negative body language and responses in interviews.
Without going over old ground too much, I think he has given Scottish football a bit of a kicking at times with some of his recent comments.
When he said in the summer that Scotland were a nation of scared footballers, well if I was part of his squad then I would not be overly impressed to hear my manager say that. It can hardly have helped morale before qualifying started.
Strachan's biggest problem, though, is how well Wales, Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland did at the European Championship.
People ask how many of the Northern Ireland squad would get into the Scotland squad - and there would not be very many of them. So it is fair to say Scotland should be doing better with the players they have got.
In that respect, Gordon has majorly underachieved in this campaign, which is why Wembley might be his last stand.
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Scotland are not coming into the game in any sort of position of strength, but you could say exactly the same about England.
You cannot get away from the fact that England were really incapable against Slovenia and extremely lucky to get a point. They only did that because of Joe Hart's saves.
The interesting dynamic for this match is that both teams are low on confidence, and there are reasons why both of them must feel they have got a chance.
If England's players play to their capabilities then you would have to favour them to win at home but, looking at the team's recent performances, that looks unlikely to happen.
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I think Harry Kane should start the game up front but he has only just returned from injury. Behind him, Dele Alli is definitely out so there are question marks over who plays as centre-forward and as the number 10.
There are other problems too. It was in the wide areas that I thought England were exceptionally poor against Slovenia.
I keep hearing how Theo Walcott is on top of his game but he did not perform well against Slovenia.
Walcott has done better with his goal scoring for Arsenal this season but he is not a clever player, or one who has a lot of guile - he is all about pace.
We cannot be sure who Southgate will pick in attack and, while Scotland are at a low ebb, they should remember that this is not a brilliant England team by any stretch of the imagination.
England have not recovered from the way they went out of Euro 2016 to Iceland and have had all the manager shenanigans with Sam Allardyce's appointment and exit since then too.
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As I say, it looks like Southgate will get the job anyway but if Scotland win that would put his position in serious doubt.
Even a draw could do the same, so it is a huge night for him - I don't think Tuesday's friendly with Spain will come into the equation.
It does not appear that the Football Association has a plan B in terms of England's next manager if things do not go to plan against Scotland.
But if the hosts get a positive result, I do think it would be right to keep Southgate on.
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It feels like the pressure is all on England to win, and that is the message Strachan should be getting across to his players in the build-up.
The biggest thing for Gordon to do, though, is to pick the right team this time.
He will not admit that he has got things wrong in previous games - when Oliver Burke was not even on the bench for the Slovakia game, for example - while what he said about Leigh Griffiths' height as a reason for leaving him out was just utter nonsense really.
The big news in terms of his selection for Friday is that Celtic midfielder Scott Brown has declared himself available and been called up, less than three months after retiring from international football.
I know from listening to Charlie Adam on BBC Radio 5 live earlier this week that he is not overly convinced that was the right decision but I think it was.
Scotland are stronger with Brown in the side, and have a better chance of winning the game.
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Where Scotland might fall short is at the back. They have got big issues at centre-half and full-back, where I think Callum Paterson could struggle. Paterson is a dogged and determined defender but this level is a tough ask for him.
That's the reason I think England will win but, like most people, I still think they are bang average at the moment.
Everyone wants the England team to play a scintillating brand of football, and I am sure Southgate aspires to it. But the truth of the matter is that I will be sitting at Wembley watching the game, thinking that is not going to happen.
Chris Sutton was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Scotland take on old rivals England at Wembley in a 2018 World Cup qualifier. Who would you have in your starting XI?

The 59-year-old was considering his future following Tuesday's 3-0 defeat in Slovakia.
But the former Celtic and Middlesbrough boss has decided to remain for the next game against England, at least.
Scotland visit Wembley on 11 November, trailing the group leaders by three points after three games.
Strachan signed a two-year deal in the summer after failing to lead the national side to Euro 2016.
He succeeded Craig Levein in January 2013 and has been in charge for 32 games, with a 47% win record.
In 19 competitive matches, Strachan has won eight but a run of only three victories - against Gibraltar, twice, and Malta - in the past nine has put his position under increased scrutiny.
Assistant manager Mark McGhee told BBC Scotland on Thursday morning that he had not spoken to Strachan since returning from Slovakia but remains upbeat on the prospect of reaching a first major tournament since 1998.
"I still think we have a great chance of qualification," said the Motherwell boss.
"Obviously results have to improve but I think there is the potential for that to happen."
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Strachan said he was "not sitting here thinking about myself" in his post-match interview on Tuesday.
Goalkeeper David Marshall said nobody in the Scotland squad wanted Strachan to leave, while midfielder Barry Bannan said: "It's our fault, we're the ones who are out there losing games."
Fellow managers have backed Strachan, with Rangers' Mark Warburton describing the ex-Celtic, Southampton and Middlesbrough manager as "very experienced", while Hamilton boss and fellow Scot Martin Canning said the country must "stick together" and "get behind" the national side.
Ex-Scotland midfielder and Celtic assistant coach John Collins said: "I certainly hope Gordon stays on. The SFA appointed Gordon, they gave him a contract and the race isn't finished at the halfway stage. Things can turn around quickly in football."
Tom English, BBC Scotland:
"There was no fight, no aggression in the first half or much belief. It was a shambolic performance and I would put that squarely at the door of the manager. I think his time is up."
Scottish Daily Mail chief football writer Stephen McGowan:
"Gordon Strachan is a decent man and there are deep systemic problems in Scottish football, but should this Scotland national team be performing better than it is right now? Yes it should."
Michael Grant, Times chief football writer, Scotland:
"I think he should get the Wembley game and if something positive comes out of it then you reassess it. But that might be a natural end - and it felt a bit like that after the Slovakia game."


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Question: Nine men, including Wayne Rooney's father, who were arrested in a probe into betting irregularities have been released on bail.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Wayne Rooney Sr and seven other men had been held at addresses in Merseyside. Motherwell FC player Steve Jennings had been arrested at his home in Glasgow.
Police said the men had been arrested for conspiracy to defraud.
The probe relates to alleged betting irregularities surrounding a game between Motherwell and Hearts.
Concerns about the game, on 14 December 2010, were raised by the Association of British Bookmakers after a number of bets from the Liverpool area were placed on there being a sending off.
During the match Jennings, who had already been booked, was shown a straight red card for foul and abusive language aimed at referee Stevie O'Reilly late in the 2-1 home defeat.
The 26-year-old, who is from Liverpool and joined Motherwell from Tranmere two years ago, has denied any wrongdoing.
It is believed that Manchester United and England striker Rooney's uncle Richie, 54, was also among those detained.
Stewart Regan, SFA chief executive, said: "While the investigation involves several other individuals outwith Scotland, it is important to stress that the evidence gathered throughout this thorough period of investigation has involved only one Scottish match.
"Motherwell FC are aware of the situation and will issue a response in due course."
In a statement, Merseyside Police said: "Detectives have today executed warrants at 10 addresses across Merseyside and Glasgow and arrested nine men as part of an investigation into suspicious betting activity.
"The arrests are the culmination of a joint operation with the Gambling Commission and the nine who have been arrested for conspiracy to defraud are being interviewed by detectives.
"Those arrested are a 29-year-old from Bootle, a 48-year-old from West Derby, a 54-year-old from Norris Green, a 26-year-old from Croxteth, a 22-year-old from Kirkdale, a 31-year-old from Litherland, a 68-year-old from Fazakerley, a 36-year-old from Kirkby and a 26-year-old from Glasgow.
"The investigation relates to a match between Motherwell and Hearts on December 14 2010."

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

The club's captain John Welsh and players Keith Keane, Bailey Wright, David Buchanan, Ben Davies and Graham Cummins were arrested on Thursday.
All six have expressed their innocence to the club and have been bailed.
Barnsley midfielder Stephen Dawson was also arrested and bailed. He has been unavailable for comment.
The investigation concerns matches this season and last season.
A Preston North End spokesman said: "We are disappointed that individual player names are in the public domain given that none of these individuals have been charged with any offence.
"Having had time to meet with all the individuals concerned we reiterate our position that all players will remain available for selection by the manager and that until or unless the current situation changes it will be business as usual."
In a statement, Barnsley Football Club said it was "aware of reports in media in connection with an investigation into individuals suspected of conspiracy to commit acts of bribery and money laundering relating to conduct during football matches".
The BBC understands three of the Preston players are expected to play on Saturday.
Ben Davies and Graham Cummins are on loan at League Two sides York City and Rochdale respectively.
On Thursday, the National Crime Agency said six other men arrested in December on suspicion of involvement in spot-fixing and later bailed, had been re-arrested.
Those arrested in December - including former Premier League player DJ Campbell - had been bailed to return on 8 April.
Spot-fixing is where a player corruptly influences a specific element of a match, for example by intentionally getting a yellow card or conceding a corner, without trying to fix the final score.


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Question: The Isle of Man is to host an annual three-day cycling festival from next year, based in the north of the island.

The island has a rich cycling history having staged Britain's biggest festival, International Cycle Week, for almost 70 years until 2003.
Cyclefest, scheduled for May 2016, will see professional cycling return to the island for the first time in 13 years.
Organisers said the festival will celebrate the island's "unique culture, environment and terrain".
The three-day festival will include the opening stage of the Pearl Izumi Tour, which features the UK's leading professional teams.
A Tour spokesman said: "The Isle of Man is a hotbed of cycling talent.
"Having an Isle of Man stage on our Tour can only add value to the event and hopefully inspire future generations of Manx talent."
"We were proud when they approached us to headline their festival."
The festival will also include a 'mass participation' ride, mountain bike challenge and Sportive on the Isle of Man TT course.
This year, including household names such as Mark Cavendish and Peter Kennaugh, eight Manx cyclists were selected for the Great Britain Olympic Development squad.
Director of Cyclefest, Paul Phillips, said: "We are trying to create a standout experience that can capitalise on the growing popularity of cycling and make a significant contribution to the local economy."
Organisers are also working with the Isle of Man Cycling Association, who are currently bidding to bring the British Cycling National Road Championships to the island the same year.
It could be an "epic year for cycling on the Isle of Man", said Phillips.

Organisers said the Manx International Cycling Grand Prix held will see more than 140 professional riders compete.
Co-Director Richard Fletcher said the event will "showcase the island ahead of a second bid to host the British Cycling National Road Championships".
The island narrowly lost out to Stockton-on-Tees in its bid to host the 2016 Championships.
At the time British Cycling said it had been a "tough decision", but the fact Stockton has previously hosted a National Series event was a "contributing factor".
British Cycling's Jonny Clay said it had been "hard to choose between two strong bids".
Mr Fletcher added: "We have taken their feedback on board and we hope this new event will clearly demonstrate our ability to host a large scale cycling event.
"It will hopefully prove we can handle the logistics and have the roads to handle the national championships."
The new Isle of Man event will include both men's and women's races.
A three-lap men's race (113 miles) will form part of the British Cycling National Elite Road Race Series and the two-lap (75.5 mile) National Women Elite Road Race Series.
Clerk of the course Ollie Last said: "It will be a historic and long overdue return for professional cycling to the island with all the leading British teams taking part."
Amongst those in the men's field will be Team Sky's Ben Swift, along with Olympic gold medallist Ed Clancy and Ian Bibby.
Mr Fletcher said with the backing of government, the Isle of Man plans to host the event for two years before potentially submitting another bid to host the nationals in 2018.
The Isle of Man has produced the last two men's national road race champions in Peter Kennaugh and Mark Cavendish.
The island has a rich cycling history, having previously hosted rounds of both the National Series and National Championships as part of International Cycling Week.
Past winners include Tom Simpson, Steve Joughin, and David Millar.
The event will get under way at 13:25 BST from the TT grandstand on Sunday.


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Question: At least 25 people are reported to have been killed after suicide bombers struck a town in northern Cameroon near the border with Nigeria.

A local official said many of those who died had been in the market in Bodo. At least three suicide bombers were said to be involved.
The Nigeria-based militant group Boko Haram is suspected of carrying out the attack.
Last month, two female suicide bombers blew themselves up in Bodo.
Cameroon is part of a regional coalition fighting Boko Haram, along with Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Benin.
Although the militants have been driven from most of the areas they controlled in north-eastern Nigeria, they have continued to carry out suicide bombings and raids into neighbouring countries.
One witness in Bodo told the BBC that at least two of the attackers were teenage girls who had hidden their explosives in sacks of grain.
Another witness said two blasts had hit the market and another had targeted a roadblock.
"We were in the market [at] around 10 in the morning when we heard a blast. The second one went off not more than two minutes after and we took to our heels," the witness said.
"There is a vigilante roadblock just outside town where another bomb went off and killed six people."

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The attack took place in the western Tahoua region, Prime Minister Brigi Rafini told state TV.
Assailants targeted a military post near the camp, a local official told the Associated Press.
Northern and central Mali remain unstable nearly four years after France led a military intervention to drive out jihadists.
Niger battles terrorism threats on all fronts
Three soldiers were also injured in the attack, the local official said, and Prime Minister Rafini said the death toll could rise.
Last month, two refugees were killed when unidentified gunmen attacked a security post near Niger's Tabarey-barey camp, which also houses Malian refugees.
Niger's military is currently battling Boko Haram militants launching raids across the country's southern border from Nigeria as well as attempting to prevent violence spilling over from Mali to the west.


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Question: The evidence for an "ocean" of water under the surface of Saturn's moon Enceladus appears to be overwhelming.

The little world has excited scientists ever since jets of icy material were seen squirting into space from a striped region at its south pole.
Now, exquisite measurements using Nasa's Cassini probe as it flew over the moon have allowed researchers to detect the water's gravitational signal.
Science magazine reports the details.
"The measurements that we have done are consistent with the existence of a large water reservoir about the size (volume) of Lake Superior in North America," Prof Luciano Iess told BBC News.
A European comparison would be 245 times the water mass of Lake Garda in Italy.
The findings of Prof Iess and his team will boost the view that the 500km-wide moon would be one of the best places beyond Earth to go look for the existence of microbial life.
Cassini's data suggests the liquid volume lies about 40km under Enceladus's ice crust.
This would put it directly on top of the moon's layered, rocky interior.
The case for a subglacial ocean has been growing ever since Cassini first sensed a diffuse atmosphere at the moon in 2005.
Subsequent observations pinned the source of this atmosphere to mineral-rich streams of water vapour flowing away from surface fractures dubbed "tiger stripes" for their resemblance to the markings on a big cat.
Cassini even flew through the plumes to "taste" their load of salts and organic (carbon-rich) molecules.
Enceladus's orbit around Saturn is eccentric - it is non circular. The giant planet's gravity should therefore be expected to squeeze and stretch the little moon as it travels this path, heating some of its ices and melting them.
Some of the resulting liquid could then be hurled into space through the deep tiger fractures, although quite how this happens is not yet fully understood.
Nonetheless, the new work reinforces this general picture.
It has involved measuring tiny changes in the speed of Cassini as it passed through Enceladus's own gravitational field.
These changes in velocity were as small as 20 millionths of a metre per second.
They enabled Prof Iess and colleagues to map variations in the distribution of mass on the moon.
The large anomaly they spotted in the data at the southern pole is best explained by the presence of a big volume of water.
"What we see is consistent with a water pocket of about 8-10km in depth, and this pocket can extend up to southern latitudes of 50 degrees around the pole," the Sapienza University of Rome researcher explained.
There is strong evidence to suspect the existence of sub-glacial oceans at a number of Solar System moons.
Saturn's largest satellite, Titan, probably has one. Similarly, the Jupiter moons Europa, Ganymede and Callisto would fall into this class; and perhaps even Triton at Neptune.
Of these, Enceladus and Europa draw the most interest because it is more likely that their water would be in contact with rock.
This could make for some interesting chemistry - the sort of reactions that might facilitate the emergence of life.
Prof Andrew Coates, of the UK's UCL-Mullard Space Science Laboratory, commented: "I think Enceladus has gone to the top of the charts in terms of a place where there could be life.
"It's got several of the things which you need for life - there's certainly the presence of heat, there's liquid water in this ocean, there's organics and that type of chemistry going on.
"The only question is, has there been enough time for life to develop?"
Prof David Stevenson, from the California Institute of Technology, added: "We don't have an answer to that, but there are some theoretical ideas.
"First, let me say that the ocean that we have found could keep things going for tens of millions of years, maybe 100 million years, but, of course, we don't know whether the ocean is being added to at present or is freezing up.
"And, maybe, Enceladus does go through cycles and those cycles would be related to the eccentricity of the orbit. It's possible that the orbit has not always had the same eccentricity."
Jonathan.Amos-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me on Twitter: @BBCAmos

Though surface temperatures can soar above 400C, some craters at Mercury's poles are permanently in shadow, turning them into so-called cold traps.
Previous work has revealed patches near Mercury's poles that strongly reflect radar - a characteristic of ice.
Now, the Messenger probe has shown that these "radar-bright" patchesline up precisely with the shadowed craters.
Messenger is only the second spacecraft - after Mariner 10 in the 1970s - to have visited the innermost planet. Until Messenger arrived, large swathes of Mercury's surface had never been mapped.
The bright patches were detected by ground-based radio telescopes in the 1990s, but as co-author Dr Nancy Chabot explained, "we've never had the imagery available before to see the surface where these radar-bright features are located."
The researchers superimposed observations of radar bright patches by the Arecibo Observatory on the latest photos of Mercury's poles taken by the MDIS imaging instrument aboard Messenger.
"MDIS images show that all the radar-bright features near Mercury's south pole are located in areas of permanent shadow," said Dr Chabot, from Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (JHUAPL).
"Near Mercury's north pole such deposits are also seen only in shadowed regions, results consistent with the water-ice hypothesis."
However, she cautions, this does not constitute proof, and for many craters, icy deposits would need to be covered by a thin layer (10-20cm) of insulating debris in order to remain stable.
Maria Zuber, from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), who is a co-investigator on the Messenger mission, told BBC News: "The most interesting interpretation of [the radar observations] is that they were due to water ice.
"Sulphur had been proposed, there had also been some suggestion it was roughness - though there was no reason craters at the poles should be rougher than those at low latitudes."
"The new data from Messenger... is strengthening the evidence that there is some sort of volatile there, and water-ice seems quite likely."
She said information from several instruments on Messenger was currently being analysed in order to answer the ice conundrum: "I think this is a question that we can come to a definitive answer on, as opposed to 'we think it may be this'," the MIT researcher explained.
On Wednesday, scientists from the Messenger mission published findings that Mercury had been geologically active for a long period in its history.
Data from the probe shows that impact craters on the planet's surface were distorted by some geological process after they formed.
The findings, reported in Science magazine, challenge long-held views about the closest world to the Sun.
Scientists also presented a new model of Mercury's internal structure, which suggests the planet's huge inner core is encased in a shell of iron sulphide - a situation not seen on any other planet.
Messenger was launched in 2004, and entered orbit around its target in March last year. Nasa recently announced that its mission would be extended until 2013.
Paul.Rincon-INTERNET@bbc.co.uk and follow me onTwitter


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Question: Gordon Brown discussed deploying troops on Britain's streets as news of the 2008 financial crisis became clear, an ex-Labour spin doctor has claimed.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

In extracts of a book published in the Daily Mail, Damian McBride said the former prime minister feared "anarchy" once the scale of the crisis was known.
According to the book, Mr Brown said: "We'd have to think: do we have curfews, do we put the Army on the streets, how do we get order back?"
Mr Brown has not yet commented.
Mr McBride, who resigned in 2009 after he was caught planning to smear senior Conservatives, said he had a meeting with Mr Brown on the evening before he announced the part-nationalisation of UK banks in October 2008.
Mr Brown is quoted as saying: "If the banks are shutting their doors, and the cash points aren't working, and people go to Tesco and their cards aren't being accepted, the whole thing will just explode.
"If you can't buy food or petrol or medicine for your kids, people will just start breaking the windows and helping themselves.
"And as soon as people see that on TV, that's the end, because everyone will think that's OK now, that's just what we all have to do. It'll be anarchy. That's what could happen tomorrow."
According to Mr McBride's book, Power Trip, Mr Brown feared panic from other countries could spread to the UK.
"It was extraordinary to see Gordon so totally gripped by the danger of what he was about to do, but equally convinced that decisive action had to be taken immediately," Mr McBride wrote.
He claimed the then prime minister understood the situation better than other world leaders, his UK opponents and senior bankers.
And the former spin doctor rated Mr Brown's actions as "up with those of President Kennedy and his advisers during the Cuban Missile Crisis".
The book also makes claims about in-fighting between Mr Brown and Tony Blair while Mr Blair was prime minister.
Mr McBride said he was "out to convey the message that Blair was hanging on to power for the sake of it", while "Blair's mob" were trying to portray Mr Brown as uneasy and "not looking prime ministerial".
Further extracts from the book suggest that Ed Miliband may have sent potentially damaging emails to a key figure plotting to attack opponents.
Derek Draper was behind a proposed Labour-supporting political gossip website called Red Rag.
Mr McBride said Mr Draper told him there were a number of Labour ministers "who would have problems because of things they've written to me" - "probably" including Mr Miliband.
A spokesman for Mr Miliband said, though: "Ed was not involved in any plan to smear or spread lies about opponents. Any suggestion he was is totally untrue."
And shadow chancellor Ed Balls told the Times that while he may have been part of a "macho" culture around Mr Brown's team, he knew nothing of the smears against rival ministers.
Mr McBride claims he smeared Labour ministers including Charles Clarke and John Reid during Mr Brown's bid to succeed Tony Blair.

It says that some members of the clergy have described the decline as a "crisis" for Christianity.
Scotland on Sunday also leads with story with a religious theme. It reports concerns that religious education teachers are not addressing difficult topics - like Christ's crucifixion - in the classroom.
Tommy MacKay, a professor of education, told the paper that they are contributing to a generation of "snowflake" children, unable to cope with the harsh realities of life.
Meanwhile, the Sunday Mail reports that businesses in Wishaw were forced to shut down on Saturday, to allow a far right march in the town.
Donald Trump's closest military advisers have told Britain that America has the firepower to neutralise North Korea's nuclear programme, according to The Sunday Times Scotland.
The paper said that it has been told by "senior sources" that the US can "utterly destroy" key targets using conventional weapons.
The claims follow the unveiling of "game-changing" missiles by North Korea on Saturday, as reported on the front page of The Scottish Mail on Sunday.
The Sunday Post reports that a charity worker who stole Â£35,000 from his organisation's funds has been released from jail after serving less than a quarter of his sentence.
And the Scottish Sun on Sunday leads with claims that a "British pop legend" is being investigated by police over claims he raped a 14-year-old girl.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The tussling over Brexit is back, with Scottish export figures that show two things, depending on one's perspective.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Conservatives emphasise the importance of sales from Scotland to the rest of the UK - four times greater than the value of sales to the rest of the UK in 2015.
But, points out the Scottish government, the size of the total European Union market is around eight times bigger than the size of the market across England, Wales and Northern Ireland.
To understand the difference, one side is measuring actual sales: the other potential for sales. Take your pick. They are, in a way, alternative facts.
What the export figures show us once more is that, unlike England and Wales, it is the United States that is Scotland's biggest single export market.
Which brings us to President Trump. One of the stranger business exploits to which he has given his name is the selling of Trump steaks. They were, of course, "the world's greatest".
The steaks didn't work out well. This was about re-labelling, branding and charging top dollar but didn't work with the Trump brand's opulence and bling.
But it does remind us that the new president is a salesman, and he recognised that a slab of beef is as much part of the American story as the skyscraper.
Theresa May may wish to keep that in mind when she visits the White House, eagerly pushing to stay at the "front of the line" to get a quick trade deal as Britain exits the European Union.
What she might easily agree with Donald Trump is that tariffs should come down. Washington's army of lobbyists may not agree so readily. But more difficult are the non-tariff barriers to trade.
These can be regulatory requirements - for safety of products, for instance, for provenance, distribution requirements, or for minimum labour standards.
And that gets very close to home when it comes to food standards and food safety, animal welfare and permitted ingredients.
The Americans can put up the barriers to protect their own, in the name of food safety.  Although France last week joined Ireland in regaining approval for beef and lamb sales to the US, for the first time since BSE took off, Britain still does not. No haggis. No genuinely Aberdeen Angus or Barnsley chops.
But in trade talks, the powerful agricultural lobby in Washington can push very hard to batter down barriers to other markets.
And that's where the talk of quick trade deals hits a harsh and sometimes unappetising reality.
BBC Radio 4's Today programme this week illustrated the point, in an interview with Bob Young, chief economist with the American Farm Federation.
He explained that the science is - as he describes it - on the Americans' side in the use of growth-enhancing hormones to bulk up beef cattle.
Washing chickens in a chlorine solution is not allowed in the European Union, but it is in the US.
Crops can be genetically modified, allowing for more efficient production and the ability to undercut producers in countries which do not allow them - and neither do they allow hormones in beef or chlorinated chicken.
Mr Young left listeners in no doubt that this influential lobby group would certainly be pushing for the UK to bend to US standards if and when it comes to trade negotiations.
He didn't discuss subsidies, but the US will certainly push for lower government subsidy for its agriculture. That's at a time when the nod to British farmers from the British government is that they should be no worse off under the replacement for the Common Agriculture Policy.
Asked subsequently if British farmers would be happy to accept US standards, the head of strategy for Britain's National Farmers Union had two opinions: one, that there should be no market access using farming techniques that are not allowed in Britain, and that the consumer will have to be persuaded that products are safe.
Food production is only one among many, many items that would have to be considered in trade talks between the UK and the US. If the British don't realise that, it may be because there has been no experience of trade negotiating, except through Brussels, for 40 years.
And if Theresa May is going to Washington thinking Donald Trump will want to do Britain a favour with a new trade deal, she should listen again to his inauguration speech: "America First, America First".

How much of it is faux outrage for the purposes of trying to win the referendum is another question. We'll only know the answer to that after the vote.
What is a lot less clear is whether this pretty violent Tory bickering is helping a single member of the public make up their mind about how to vote in the referendum, now less than a month away.
My unscientific queries with voters around the country and strong hunch tell me in fact the scraps are putting voters off. Some pro-EU Labour MPs fear their natural supporters might not bother to vote at all because it doesn't feel like their fight.
But what voters across the spectrum do say they desperately want are the facts.
If you take both sides of the campaign at face value, you'd be forgiven for feeling utterly confused. There are hardly any facts they don't dispute. Indeed, they both have, with differing severity, had a public ticking off from other politicians at the cross-party Treasury Select Committee for how they are using the figures.
And we probably shouldn't be that surprised. Politicians disagree on the risks and the statistics: they always do. You know what they say about statistics, after all.
But in a programme I present on BBC2 we try to answer the big question the campaigns, not just the Tory party, are scrapping over. Would we be worse off or better off if we leave the EU?
Boris Johnson and George Osborne go head-to-head - well, as close as any senior Conservatives have in the campaign - by at least agreeing to appear in the same documentary.
Big names like Christine Lagarde - the boss of the IMF - and the heads of BMW, Airbus, and Lloyds of London, talk of their genuinely-held fears about what would happen if we leave the EU.
But Lagarde admits the IMF has been wrong before. And Tim Martin, boss of the massive pub chain, JD Wetherspoon, tells me why, in his view - and using blunt agricultural language - they are all talking nonsense.
While they fight it out, what we have to be honest about, though, is that this time, we're all being asked to choose between a hypothetical status quo and staying in an EU that is evolving.
It's not just that the wealth of the country is influenced by many other factors, but that the EU is in trouble, struggling to find comprehensive solutions to problems with the single currency, scrabbling for lasting answers to the migration crisis.
In any election, you're asked to take a punt on the future, but the warnings and predictions about what would happen if we leave the EU are all educated guesses, too. Leaving probably wouldn't be Armageddon or Nirvana, whatever the politicians tell you. But tonight we explore what the likely consequences could be, as the nation makes up its mind.
It's true most of the evidence suggests we'd be worse off in the short term if we choose to leave. But when it comes to the years and decades ahead, it's much harder to predict.
How we earn our living as a country is important, of course, but it's up to all of us to mull that over with the other parts of being in the European club.
This is a personal decision and a political one about much more than the pounds and pence - not just whether we're richer or poorer, but who we are as a country, and who's in charge.
Britain and Europe: For Richer for Poorer, is on BBC2 at 21:00 BST on Tuesday 31 May and available to watch later via the BBC iPlayer.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: Mae myfyrwyr mewn ysgol berfformio yn Sir Gaerfyrddin wedi rhyddhau fideo i gefnogi Ambiwlans Awyr Cymru ac er cof am eu cyn athrawes a fu farw mewn gwrthdrawiad ar yr M4.

Bu farw Rebecca Evans, oedd yn helpu hyfforddi myfyrwyr Encore, ar 29 Tachwedd mewn gwrthdrawiad ger Port Talbot.
Roedd hi wyth mis yn feichiog ar y pryd a bu farw'r babi Cari oedd heb ei eni hefyd.
Dywedodd Elin Wyn Murphy, pennaeth yr ysgol berfformio, fod y fideo o'r myfyrwyr yn canu'r gân Anfonaf Angel yn fodd o roi teyrnged i Becca.
"Mae'r ymateb i fideo Encore yn perfformio Anfonaf Angel wedi bod yn anhygoel. Mae'n gân emosiynol iawn i mi yn enwedig gan i deulu Becca ofyn i mi ei chanu yn ei hangladd ychydig wythnosau yn ôl," meddai.
"Rwy' mor falch o fyfyrwyr Encore. Fe ddaethan nhw ynghyd gan ddangos cryfder anhygoel ynghyd â'r dewrder i allu recordio'r deyrnged yma i Becca. Roedden nhw fel y fi, yn meddwl y byd ohoni."
Mae fideo o Encore yn paratoi'r record wedi cael ei rannu ar y gwefannau cymdeithasol er mwyn cefnogi Ambiwlans Awyr Cymru.
Yn y car hefyd adeg y gwrthdrawiad yr oedd partner Miss Evans, Alex, a'u plentyn dyflwydd oed Cian, a gafodd anafiadau difrifol i'w ben.
Cafodd ei gludo mewn ambiwlans awyr i'r Ysbyty Athrofaol yng Nghaerdydd.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Yn wreiddiol o Bontiets yn Sir Gaerfyrddin, roedd yn athro ym maes strategaeth ac arloesedd ym Mhrifysgol De Cymru, a chyn hynny yn economegydd ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd.
Fe dderbyniodd radd o London Schools of Economics cyn mynd ymlaen i wneud gradd bellach a doethuriaeth ym Mhrifysgol Caerdydd.
Cafodd hyfforddiant gyda'r Comisiwn Ewropeaidd cyn mynd i weithio gyda Phrifysgol Caerdydd. Daeth yn ddirprwy gyfarwyddwr yr ysgol fusnes yno.
Fe fyddai'n teithio dramor yn rheolaidd gyda'i waith, gan ddarlithio mewn nifer o wledydd gan gynnwys China, yr Unol Daleithiau a'r Eidal.
Roedd hefyd yn gyfrannwr cyson i raglenni Newyddion BBC Cymru.
Roedd yn aelod o sawl bwrdd allanol gan gynnwys tasglu gafodd ei sefydlu gan Lywodraeth Cymru oedd yn edrych ar Ddinas-Ranbarthau, Cyngor Cynghorol Cymru ar Arloesi ac yn Gyfarwyddwr Anweithredol gyda Menter a Busnes.
Dywedodd Is-ganghellor Prifysgol De Cymru, yr Athro Julie Lydon fod "cymuned agos y brifysgol" yn teimlo ei golli yn fawr.
Ychwanegodd: "Cafodd ei ymchwil a'i waith addysgu effaith fawr yn ehangu gwybodaeth o fewn ei faes academaidd, yn natblygiad polisi ac yn fwy na dim ym mywydau eu gydweithwyr a'r myfyrwyr."
Mae'n gadael gwraig a dau o blant.


Question:
represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

------

Examples:
'['', 'Police have warned people in Wrexham to expect traffic delays due to a Stereophonics concert on Saturday.']' == '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Doors opened for the gig at Wrexham FC\'s Racecourse Stadium at 15:00 BST and 20,000 people were expected.\nSupt Alex Goss said it would be "the largest influx of people into Wrexham on a single day, to one location, for a considerable time".\nIt is the first concert at the ground for 30 years, according to Glyndwr University which manages the stadium.\nBosses have said they hope more will follow.\nLlandudno band and Brit Awards winners Catfish and the Bottlemen will support the Stereophonics.\nThe last gig at the stadium in 1982 saw rock legends Motorhead perform along with Budgie, Tank, Raven, Orion and Twisted Sister.\nMold Road will be one-way out of town until 21:45, with inbound traffic diverted.\nNearby Crispin Lane will be closed at the access to the rear of the stadium.\nResidents will have to access the roads opposite the stadium via the town centre and, during the road closure, Central Road emerging from Central Retail Park will be coned to one lane and traffic will be directed on to Regent Street.\nSupt Goss added: "With such large numbers converging on the town it is important that people, especially those who are not going to the concert, are aware that it will be an extremely busy day and to bear this in mind when out and about."']' != '['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'South Western Ambulance Service said it did not know how the incident involving the man - thought to be in his 20s - happened.\nGreat Western Air Ambulance flew him to Queen Elizabeth hospital in Birmingham after the ambulance service was called at about 17:10 BST.\nWiltshire Air Ambulance had also been called after the man suffered significant burns at the Somerset site.\nFinal preparations are taking place for the 2016 edition of the festival which opens its doors to the public on Wednesday.']'

Question: Telescopes looking for extra terrestrial intelligence should re-open within weeks after donors replaced income lost in public funding cuts.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence (SETI) Institute, had to shut the $30m (£18.3m) Allen Telescope Array in April.
Donors, including actress Jodie Foster, raised more than $200,000 (£122,000).
The 42 radio telescopes, in northern California, search space for potential signals from alien life forms.
Ms Foster was one of more than 2,400 people who contributed to the fund to save the Allen Telescope Array. She played the lead role of an astronomer looking for evidence of aliens in the 1997 film Contact.
In a statement on the fund-raising website she explained her support: "The Allen Telescope Array could turn science fiction into science fact but only if it is actively searching the skies."
Another donor was the Apollo 8 astronaut, Bill Anders.
The SETI Institute says the fund should be enough to keep the telescopes operating until the end of the year, though the plan is still dependent on the institute receiving money from the US Air Force to track space debris that could damage satellites.
SETI Institute Astronomer Seth Shostak told BBC News, the deal with the Air Force is not yet done but he said he is fairly confident it will go through. Even then the money will need to be ratified by Congress and so there may be a delay.  He hopes the array will re-open in September or October.
Thomas Pierson, SETI chief executive, agreed that a deal with the Air Force, combined with the donations, should allow the array to start listening for space chatter once again.
He said: "For those who are interested in understanding whether intelligent life might be out there elsewhere in our galaxy, the Allen Telescope Array and our SETI team doing the research are the best bet."
The array began operating in 2007 and is named after its major benefactor, Paul Allen, co-founder of Microsoft. It consists of 42 dish-shaped antennas which work as a single radio telescope.
It is part of the Hat Creek Radio Observatory, run by the University of California, Berkeley. Originally the array was a joint project between SETI Institute and the UC Berkeley Astronomy Laboratory but Berkeley had to pull out because of the loss of National Science Foundation grants and state budget cuts.
SETI is hoping to raise more money to contribute to the $2.5m (£1.5m) annual operating and staffing costs of the telescopes and keep them going beyond the end of this year. Ultimately the plan is to use the array to observe planets outside our own Solar System.
Dr Shostak said: "People still think this very fundamental question - is there somebody out there as intelligent or more so than us - is important and worth doing."
The array also contributes to research into black holes, pulsars and magnetic fields in the Milky Way.

Speaking in Japan, he said the level of state department spending in the past had been "simply not sustainable" and he willingly accepted the "challenge".
If Congress backs the budget, and that is far from a done deal, the state department and USAID face cuts of 28%.
Budget savings would benefit the military primarily.
Environmental programmes, medical research and the Amtrak long-distance rail network would all lose out.
The Corporation for Public Broadcasting (CPB), the largest source of public broadcasting money in the US, would lose its funding completely.
While Mr Trump's Republicans control both houses of Congress, segments of the budget plan are expected to face stiff resistance across the parties.
The budget, known as a "skinny budget", will be limited to the $1tn portion of the $4tn annual federal budget that pays for US agencies and departments.
At a news conference in Tokyo, the US secretary of state said the White House was acting on the expectation that there would be fewer military conflicts involving the US directly "as time goes by" and that its allies would do more themselves to contribute to development aid and disaster assistance.
The state department was "coming off a historically high allocation of resources", he was quoted as saying by AFP news agency.
"We are going to be able to do a lot with fewer dollars," he said.
Under the budget plans, defence department spending would rise by $54bn (Â£44bn) or 10%, including $2bn for nuclear weapons, while homeland security would get a 6.8% boost.
In addition, the National Nuclear Security Administration, which oversees the maintenance and safety of the nuclear arsenal and its research labs, would gain $1.4bn.
Veterans Affairs would get a rise of 5.9%, or $4.4bn, to meet growing healthcare costs.
President Trump said in a message accompanying his budget plan: "A budget that puts America first must make the safety of our people its number one priority because without safety, there can be no prosperity."
While the White House wants Mexico to pay for a controversial wall along the two countries' border
In relative terms, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) would lose the most, taking a hit of 31.4% or $2.6bn.
However, in dollar terms, health and human services would face the biggest cut of all: $12.6bn or 16.2%. It is not clear what research on diseases or disorders would lose the most money, the Associated Press news agency reports.
Agriculture loses 21% of its budget, labour 21% and transport 13%.
By Matt McGrath, BBC environment correspondent
US popular support for action to tackle environmental problems reached a peak after the heavily polluted Cuyahoga river in Cleveland caught fire in 1969. Ongoing problems with air and water prompted Richard Nixon to establish the Environmental Protection Agency a year later in 1970, with broad bipartisan support.
Over the past 47 years it has had major successes - acid rain, leaded petrol and the pesticide DDT have become footnotes in history thanks to the agency.
While the swingeing cuts proposed by the Trump administration will hit the EPA's climate change research abilities and the implementation of Clean Power Plan, the measures will also have a major impact on regional pollution cleanup efforts in the Great Lakes and Chesapeake Bay.
The Superfund program, which manages and attempts to clean up hundreds of sites poisoned with lead, asbestos and dioxins, would see its cash cut by $330m to $760m.
While President Trump has many times spoke about his belief in clean air and clean water, the ability of the EPA to deliver these is likely to be significantly hampered by the loss of 3,200 employees proposed in the budget. And if an environmental disaster like Cuyahoga or last year's Flint water crisis strikes in the future, will these proposed cuts be blamed?
The state department and USAID (US Agency for International Development) between them pay for everything from the diplomatic corps to fighting poverty, promoting human rights and improving healthcare in foreign countries.
A 28% cut would mean the loss of $10bn.
The CPB certainly has supplied funds to the Public Broadcasting Service (PBS) but Big Bird and friends migrated from there to commercial network HBO nearly two years ago.
Local public television and radio stations across America also receive CPB grants and would stand to suffer if the corporation lost federal support.
The budget is submitted to Congress as a series of bills - the "annual appropriations bills". In order for each to succeed, it has to get 60 votes in the Senate, where the Republicans have 52 seats to 48 for the Democrats.
At least eight Democrats would have to vote for the cuts or at least refuse to obstruct it. Given the level of Democratic animosity towards Mr Trump, those possibilities look slim.
Meanwhile, several Republicans have publicly opposed moves to slash funding for diplomacy and foreign aid.
Senator Lindsey Graham, chairman of the Senate subcommittee responsible for the budgets, said last month: "It's dead on arrival - it's not going to happen. It would be a disaster... If you take soft power off the table then you're never going to win the war."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: There has been much talk about whether more of a "postcode lottery" has opened up for NHS patients.

Recent revelations about IVF provision, highlighting major variations around England and more extensive care in Scotland and Wales, added to the debate.
Financial pressures have led some local health commissioners to restrict what services they offer patients.
Now a new analysis of publicly available data reveals diverging trends in England for a range of procedures, including colonoscopy and hip operations. The research has been carried out by the Medical Technology Group, an organisation with members including research charities and product suppliers.
Ministers have called for more transparency to allow patients to make their own judgements on the quality of care offered by the NHS in their local area. The report authors argue that there are "huge amounts of data" online and it can be difficult for people to get an overview on how their local clinical commissioning group is performing. They use sources including the NHS Atlas of Variation to highlight what they argue are "huge " levels of variation which are "unacceptable".
Examples quoted include two neighbouring commissioning groups in the south of England with very different outcomes for CT colonoscopies - an important procedure for diagnosing or giving the "all clear" for bower cancer.  In one of the areas, only one patient per 100,000 of population was referred for the procedure, while nearby it was 590 patients per 100,000.
There is wide variation in the number of hip replacements in different areas - with one referring more than 200 patients per 100,000 residents for operations and another seeing fewer than 100 treated overall.
The research suggests that patients in some parts of the North of England are receiving more timely treatment than their counterparts in the South.  Commissioning groups in London and the South East scored the lowest marks.
Demography explains some of the variations - the number of elderly patients is an important consideration, for example. Some local health economies might be better than others at treating people out of hospital and keeping down the numbers referred for hospital treatment. Even so, the report authors argue that the range of outcomes is hard to explain. They say NHS England should step in if there is evidence that local commissioning policies have reduced the number of people receiving treatment and there should be a tribunal mechanism if people question those policies.
NHS England said the data had all been previously published and there were efforts to help local areas identify which treatment differences were linked to local need. NHS Clinical Commissioners, representing local health groups, said they were working to understand where variation might be unwarranted.  A spokesperson added that there were rising financial pressures and local health leaders were having to "make increasingly hard decisions to make sure that they provide the patients and the populations they serve with the best possible healthcare within the overall resources they have."
The postcode lottery debate goes back many years. What's relatively new is the range of data available for those who can dig it out. The fragmented nature of the NHS in England with local commissioners making their own decisions on what to offer patients has accelerated the trend.

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"It's night and day - not in the material side, but in the thinking," he told BBC Breakfast.
"We have a structure in this country which is second to none in terms of taking an investment and maximising the performance of sport in the country."
If you would like to find out more about getting into cycling, have a look at our special guide.