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Question: A former prison officer has been jailed for 10 months for selling "salacious gossip" about celebrity inmates to two national newspapers.

Reggie Nunkoo, 41, was paid Â£1,650 by the Sun and Daily Mirror for stories including one on singer George Michael.
The Londoner admitted conspiracy to commit misconduct in public office.
Ex-Met Police call handler Rosemary Collier, 40, from Devon, was given a four-month sentence suspended for 12 months for misconduct in public office.
She had also pleaded guilty to the offence.
Both were prosecuted as part of Operation Elveden - the Met Police investigation into alleged inappropriate payments to police and public officials by journalists.
The court heard how Nunkoo, of Walthamstow, worked at London's HMP Pentonville when he was paid Â£600 by the Mirror for information he gave to reporter Graham Brough about Jade Goody's widow, Jack Tweed.
The information resulted in a story about Mr Tweed being placed on suicide watch and a prison break in 2009, the court heard.
Nunkoo went on to approach the Sun and handed journalist Neil Millard details about Mr Michael "crying in his cell", after the singer had been jailed in 2010 for crashing his car while under the influence of cannabis.
He was also paid in 2011 for a Sun article headlined, "Acid thug hid drugs in his cell", about Daniel Lynch, who was convicted of arranging an acid attack on TV presenter Katie Piper.
In mitigation, Jonathan Page said the information Nunkoo handed over was "more salacious gossip that anything that undermines security".
The offences were committed against the backdrop of a "a marriage in crisis", he said, adding that Nunkoo's wife had demanded "a better lifestyle" than he could provide on his wages.
However, the Common Serjeant of London, Judge Richard Marks QC, said his conduct had amounted to a "flagrant breach" of the terms of his employment and a "gross breach of trust".
The judge also heard how Collier, who worked at the Met's central communications command in east London, had been paid Â£700 for information about a confidential police briefing note about potential terrorist attacks.
It led to a story in the Sun headlined "Mumbai Raid Fear for Xmas Shoppers", the court heard.
Both journalists, Mr Millard, 33, of south Croydon, and Mr Brough, 54, of south-west London, were cleared of conspiracy to commit misconduct in a public office following a trial last month at the Old Bailey.
Mr Brough said he did not believe Nunkoo was a prison officer at the time and he only give him "limited information" for his stories.
Det Ch Supt Gordon Briggs - who is leading Operation Elveden - said both Nunkoo and Collier had leaked confidential information to journalists "for their own private financial gain".
"When public officials act in this way, they betray the trust placed in them and undermine public confidence, their dishonest actions harm the public interest and merit criminal sanction," he said.

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Kenneth Hall, 49, from Bridgwater, Somerset, sold details about killers held at the Berkshire high security hospital to tabloid newspapers.
They included Robert Ashman, who attacked MP Nigel Jones and killed his assistant with a samurai sword in 2000.
Hall had earlier pleaded guilty to misconduct in public office and was sentenced at the Old Bailey in London.
He also pleaded guilty to forgery.
Hall sold stories about killers suing the NHS, and forged documents to beef up his tales, the court previously heard.
Judge Timothy Pontius said there had been a "grave" breach of trust, made worse by the fact that his offending continued after he left the hospital.
He added that although the some of the patients were notorious killers, which includes the Yorkshire Ripper, they were still entitled to professional care and a respect for their privacy.
Hall could not call what he did "altruistic whistle-blowing", the judge said, because his offending continued after his employment ended.
The Old Bailey had earlier heard how Hall made Â£23,800 from selling stories to the News Of The World and the Mirror.
Hall smuggled out patient notes relating to Ashman, leading to a number of stories, including one headlined, "Samurai Nut Could Be Free In 18 Months".
Another story had the headline "Sex Killer Sues NHS For Â£3 Million", and stated: "Monster who attacked girl of 12 wants cash because Broadmoor inmates attacked him".
The offences took place between 29 June 2002 and 6 October 2004.


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Question: Southwark Cathedral has opened its doors for the first time since the London Bridge attacks.

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Eight people were killed when three men drove into pedestrians on the bridge before going on a stabbing spree in nearby Borough Market.
The cathedral was in the area that was cordoned off in the days after the attack on Saturday 3 June.
During one of the morning services, the Bishop of Southwark praised the "rapid" response of the emergency services.
The Rt Revd Christopher Chessun said: "Just over a week ago, this cathedral and this community witnessed terrible things which should not have happened.
"A young nurse gave her life by the entrance to Montague Chambers trying to save a fellow human under attack.
"Others suffered terribly and many more would have been killed or injured had it not been for the rapid and effective response from the police."
Speaking ahead of the first service, the Very Revd Andrew Nunn said: "Evil is not stronger than good.
"You know there are so many, many, many millions and millions of good people around the world.
"Life can be affected by a few evil people as we saw last week.
"Actually the strength of goodness is so much greater and that's what we are going to be proclaiming today as people come into church, and we'll be continuing to do that as we rebuild this community together."
The Dean added: "Today we will be able to do normal services as it were, but they won't be normal because we will be remember those who died.
"I can imagine a lot of people will want to come here today.
"We've been here for 1,400 years, we've seen a lot of things happen in the City but we have not seen a week like this to be perfectly honest."
Close to the cathedral, Londoners and tourists were handed 3,000 roses by a group of British Muslims.
"After the events of last weekend we are making a symbolic gesture of love for the communities affected by the attack," said Zakia Bassou, one of the organisers of the event.
"The whole concept is we are not going to let London Bridge, or any bridge, fall down."
Londoner Elida Ercolano was visibly emotional after receiving her rose.
"I think it's lovely, it's what London is actually about as a city," she said.
All eight victims of the attack have been named.
They were 30-year-old Canadian national Chrissy Archibald; Australians Kirsty Boden, 28, and Sara Zelenak, 21; James McMullan, 32, from Hackney, London; Frenchmen Alexandre Pigeard, 26, Xavier Thomas, 45 and chef Sebastien Belanger, 36; and Spaniard Ignacio Echeverria, 39.
Since the attack, 20 people have been arrested, with 13 buildings searched. Seven people remain in custody.
The police said they had questioned 262 witnesses from 19 countries - of which 78 are classed as "significant" - but they believe there are more people with information and have urged them to come forward.

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Here's our selection of some of the sights from the four-day festival, which runs until Sunday.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The US has urged "strong and swift action" after a UN investigation found that Syria's government used chemical weapons against its own people.

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The year-long inquiry found the government used chlorine gas in attacks in Idlib province in 2014 and 2015.
Chlorine is an industrial chemical and was not part of the weapons stockpile that Syria agreed to give up in 2013.
However, use of it as a weapon would contravene conventions signed by President Bashar al-Assad.
The US ambassador to the UN, Samantha Power, said the use of chemical weapons was "barbaric" and called for "all states to support strong and swift action".
Ms Power accused the Syrian government of violating a September 2013 resolution which orders the UN Security Council (UNSC) to impose measures for "any use of chemical weapons by anyone in the Syrian Arab Republic".
The investigation was carried out by the Joint Investigative Mechanism (JIM) of the UN and the Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons (OPCW), an international chemical weapons watchdog.
It also found that so-called Islamic State (IS) had carried out an attack using the blister agent sulphur mustard.
The JIM did not draw firm conclusions on other reported chemical weapons attacks which it investigated.
The report will be discussed by the security council next week.
Ned Price, a spokesman for the US National Security Council, said it was now "impossible to deny" the Syrian regime used weapons in violation of international law.
"The United States will work with our international partners to seek accountability through appropriate diplomatic mechanisms," he said, adding that Russia and Iran should participate with UN member states.
French ambassador to the UN Alexis Lamek also said "the council will have to act".
"When it comes to proliferation, use of chemical weapons, such weapons of mass destruction, we cannot afford being weak," he added.
Chemical weapons were used on a large scale in the Ghouta area near Damascus in 2013, according to a UN report at the time.
The Syrian government, supported by Russia, denied claims by the US, UK and France that it was to blame for the attacks.

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Those killed were attending lessons on the Koran in Ghariyah, locals told the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, a UK-based monitoring group.
Syrian government officials have not commented on reports of the attack.
More than 230,000 Syrians have died in the civil war, which began after anti-government protests in March 2011.
Syrian rebels have been making gains in recent weeks against government forces in Deraa province, which was where unrest over President Bashar al-Assad's rule first erupted four years ago.
The town of Ghariyah lies near the eastern edge of Deraa province, not far from the location of a military base that rebel fighters seized from the regime a week ago.
The Syrian Observatory said the death toll from Tuesday's strikes was expected to rise further because a number of those injured were in serious condition.
Rebels also briefly overrun the nearby al-Thalaa air base, before government forces eventually retook it.
Earlier on Tuesday, the United States accused Syria's government of using chemical weapons in the form of chlorine-filled barrel bomb attacks.
US Secretary of State John Kerry said he was absolutely certain that what he called the "vast preponderance" of such attacks were carried out by President Assad's forces, rather than the rebels.
Mr Kerry said the international community's patience was wearing thin with the "depravity" of the government's tactics.
President Assad has been continually accused of authorising his forces to use chemical weapons against his own people since the outbreak of the war.


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Question: More than 400 police officers have carried out searches and arrests as part of a major investigation into organised crime.

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Twenty properties were searched in Northern Ireland and five men arrested during the past two days.
The Garda (Irish police) also carried out two searches in County Donegal.
The PSNI has said the operation was aimed at disrupting the supply of cocaine and cannabis, as well as money laundering.
Ten of the searches took place in Londonderry.
The others were in Belfast, Strabane, Armagh, Dungannon, Aughnalocy and Glenavy.
Police seized quantities of drugs and luxury items valued at more than Â£200,000.
The items included high value watches, a large diamond and other jewellery, luxury cars and Â£9,000 in cash.
Those arrested include a member of staff at a jewellery store.
A 36-year-old man has been charged with conspiracy to supply drugs, money laundering and possession of criminal property.
Detective Superintendent Tim Mairs, head of the PSNI's reactive and organised crime branch, said the operation was a significant investment of PSNI resources.
"The searches across these two days have involved, including the interviews, somewhere in the region of about 400 officers," he said.
"Drugs are a huge concern for people in Northern Ireland and this demonstrates our commitment to dealing with the issue."

In a co-ordinated operation, five were arrested in Greater Manchester in dawn raids on Monday, while a 29-year-old Iranian man was held in Northampton.
Another Iranian man, 29, was detained in Glasgow.
On Tuesday, a British woman, 46, and a 33-year-old Iranian man were arrested at Manchester Airport. All nine have been bailed pending further inquiries.
Home Office immigration officials said their investigation into the suspected smuggling ring started in March and had been carried out with French border police, Europol and Eurojust.
The five arrested in Greater Manchester on Monday included:
Dave Magrath, an assistant director at the Home Office's Immigration Enforcement, said: "Our investigation is targeting an organised network suspected of being involved in a complex and systematic attempt to evade the UK's immigration controls."


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Question: Cameroon forward Eric Choupo-Moting has been recalled to the squad only two months after he opted to miss the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon.

The 27-year-old was among seven regular players who were not part of the squad that won the tournament, rejecting the call-up for personal reasons.
However, coach Hugo Boos has kept his pledge to welcome back the absentees.
Andre-Frank Zambo Anguissa is also back for the friendlies with Tunisia on 24 March and Guinea on 28 March.
Full squad:
Ondoa Fabrice (FC Séville), Jules Goda (Ajaccio), Pouaty Moïse (Union de Douala), Ngadeu Ngadjui Michel (Slavia Prague), Teikeu Adolphe (FC Sochaux), Mabouka Massoussi(MSK Zilina), Oyongo Bitolo (Impact Monréal), Djettei Mohamed (Gymnastic Taragones), Fai Collins (Standard de Liège), Leuko Serge (CD Lugo), Djoum Suitchuin Giles Arnaud (FC Hearts), Zambo Anguissa (Olympique de Marseille), Boya Frank (TSV Munich 1860), Mandjeck Georges (FC Metz), Moukandjo Benjamin (FC Lorient), Zoua Jacques (Kaiserslautern FC), Choupo Moting (FC Schalke 04), Aboubakar Vincent (FC Besiktas), Toko Ekambi Karl (FC Angers), Bassogog Christian (Henan Jianye FC), Moumi Ngamaleu (SC Rheindorf Altach), Tchamba Duplex (TAD Sport Academy), Jih Kalvin (Alcobendas Levitt)

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Ideye has not played for the Super Eagles since November 2013 and he also missed out on the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.
He was named in a 28-man squad for Nigeria's fixtures against Uganda and South Africa on 25 and 29 March respectively.
We wish him a speedy recovery and hope to see Ideye when the Nations Cup qualifiers start in June
But the 26-year-old did not play in his club's 3-0 loss at Manchester City on Saturday, with West Brom medical staff telling Ideye he would be out of action for a week.
As a result, he was forced to withdraw from the squad on Sunday, according to Super Eagles officials.
"A minor injury has forced Brown Ideye to pull out of the Super Eagles friendlies against Uganda and South Africa," national team spokesman Toyin Ibitoye told BBC Sport.
"It's only a minor setback for him. We all know it would have been a good return to the international fold after a long absence.
"But his health is more important. We wish him a speedy recovery and hope to see Ideye when the Nations Cup qualifiers start in June."
Ideye has scored five goals in 24 appearances for Nigeria.
In 2013, he helped his country clinch their third Africa Cup of Nations title, scoring in the 4-1 semi-final victory over Mali.
A member of their 2010 World Cup squad in South Africa, Ideye was omitted from the Nigeria squad that reached the second round at the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.


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Question: A man and a woman in their 30s have been arrested following the seizure of £400,000 worth of suspected herbal cannabis.

Police seized £200,000 worth of suspected herbal cannabis after a car was stopped on the M2 motorway around 12:00 GMT on Friday.
Properties were searched at Shore Road, Belfast, and in Newtownards, County Down, as part of the investigation.
A further £200,000 worth of suspected herbal cannabis was seized in Antrim.
Police said both seizures were "being investigated to establish the existence of any links".

Blake Donnellan was serving part of a 15-year sentence at HMP Sudbury in Derbyshire for conspiracy to supply class A drugs.
The 31-year-old was released on temporary licence from the open prison on Christmas Day but failed to return.
He was arrested by Greater Manchester Police on Wednesday.
Donnellan was jailed in 2011 for his part in a drugs operation which saw 30 people convicted.
Drugs with an estimated street value of Â£1m and nearly Â£100,000 in cash were seized by police Devon and Cornwall Police in 2009 and 2010.
The haul included 11,000 ecstasy tablets, 14kg (31lbs) of cocaine, 330g (12oz) of heroin, 2kg (4lbs) of amphetamine and 11kg (24lbs) of BZP (Benzylpiperazine).
The Crown Prosecution Service said Donnellan was the "mover and shaker" in the network and the link between the drugs coming down from Manchester to the Plymouth area and onwards to Cornwall.


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Question: North Wales Police spent £560,000 over two years for a mobile phone service it never used before the mistake was spotted.

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Details about cash paid to the mobile company emerged at an audit meeting held jointly by the force and crime commissioner Winston Roddick.
Mr Roddick said steps were being taken to recover the money,
Clwyd West AM Darren Millar said he was "astounded" by the oversight.
"Taxpayers will want to know how North Wales police missed that they were spending  thousands of pounds  on a service that wasn't used," the Tory AM said.
"If this means that local taxpayers have paid more on their police precept than is necessary then it is unacceptable.
"Taking two years to discover this brings into question the checks and balances in their internal audits, and at a time when every penny counts."
The force was told the unnamed mobile phone operator accepted there was "a likely issue" and repayments were being agreed. The error was discovered at the end of August, with auditors told 12 days later.
Only last week the force was warning about effects on policing and security if Chancellor George Osborne cut its budget.
Mr Roddick said in a statement: "I am pleased to say that this discrepancy was picked up by the force's own financial department and steps are now being taken to recover the money involved.
"I was made aware of the situation in September and have been monitoring the force's negotiations with their mobile phone service provider.
"As it was only identified in the current financial year it hadn't appeared in annual accounts but it does underline the need for vigilance in financial affairs, particularly when they involve the public purse."
A police spokeswoman said: "We are in talks with the company concerned and the matter is being resolved."

Pembrokeshire council cancelled the contract after former chief executive Bryn Parry Jones left the council in October. Last week it was instructed to reveal the full cost within 35 days.
Coun Jacob Williams published the amount on his website, and the council later confirmed it was correct.
He said they had to pay four months' leasing costs after the contract ended.


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Question: Many analysts argue the writing has been on the wall for retailer BHS for some time - and much the same could be said for the pension scheme.

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The failure of the retail chain and the hole in its pension are inextricably linked but, for members of the two BHS pension schemes, the practical effects are already being felt by those who were in the company's final-salary schemes.
Since early March, the schemes have been assessed for entry into the Pension Protection Fund (PPF) - the lifeboat for pensions that ensures people are paid their pension even when a company goes bust.
Consequently, those who are preparing to receive their BHS pension from the age of 60 will get at least 10% less than they would originally have expected.
Now, at the point of administration, the link between the company and the pension scheme is severed, with pension scheme members now relying on the PPF.
There is a Â£571m hole - or deficit - in the BHS pension. This is far bigger than the scheme's assets. The potential of taking on such a burden may be one of the reasons that BHS has failed to find backers or buyers for the business at a whole.
The final-salary scheme was closed seven years ago. That means contributions could no longer be paid. Fewer than one in 10 current members of staff were in this scheme.
Over the years 20,462 people - past and present staff - have paid in to these pension schemes, according to the latest data.
They received a letter at the start of March, from the scheme's trustees, telling them that the process of entering the PPF was underway.
"The Trustees very much regret that it has not been possible to find a long-term funding solution for the scheme," the letter said.
News of BHS entering administration suggests that any last chance of the pension deficit being bought, along with the company as a whole, has disappeared.
It has been set up to pay compensation to those with defined benefit, or final-salary, pension schemes when the employer goes bust and there is insufficient assets in the pension scheme to cover the cost of paying these pensions.
To pay for this, compulsory annual levies are charged on all schemes that would be eligible to enter the PPF if needed.
The size of the BHS pension scheme means it will easily be in the top 10 of biggest rescues by the PPF.
In practical terms, it has been suggested that the bill facing the PPF is estimated to be about Â£250m because the PPF will not pay out in full.
The age at which final-salary scheme savers can start drawing their BHS pension is 60.
Generally, any member who was aged 60 or over before 3 March (when the assessment period began), their pension will be paid in full. A total of 6,774 pensioners are in this bracket, according to the latest data. Some of those who retired early owing to ill-health, or spouses also fall into this bracket.
The remainder who most have yet to draw their pension. This includes 851 who were still working at BHS, and 12,837 who have left.
They will receive 90% of what they might have expected, so they will take a 10% cut. A cap in payments may also be set.
For all these current and future pensioners, the amount by which the pension is increased each year, to take account of the rising cost of living, will generally rise in line with the Consumer Prices Index measure of inflation - up to a maximum of 2.5%.
That will end up being less than they had expected under the scheme, particularly if inflation rises from its current low levels in the coming year.
The vast majority of current staff, if they save in the company's pension, are in a money purchase scheme, so their savings will be put in a pot to use at retirement - as would always have been the case.
The assessment period from the PPF can take a long time. Advisers go through the books to ensure all the information the scheme holds is accurate and up to date.
The PPF will then decide whether to take on the scheme but, in the meantime, the scheme acts as if it is under the PPF umbrella.
There is the opportunity for the Pensions Regulator to take action if it found that an employer deliberately attempted to avoid their pension obligations, leaving the PPF to pick up their pension liabilities.
The regulator confirmed that an investigation was taking place.
"Such cases are complex. There is a clear process that must be followed and this can sometimes take a considerable amount of time," a spokesman for  the regulator said.

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Mr Ashley has been criticised before for the grip he has as a majority shareholder, on the firm - famous for selling top trainers on the cheap and indestructible oversized mugs.
The Institute of Directors says it has warned already that Mr Ashley holds too much sway and the IoD's senior advisor on corporate governance, Oliver Parry says that there is no "effective check on [Mr Ashley's] power".
Now his firm's handling of the collapse of one of its businesses, fashion chain USC, is also under scrutiny, being described at the Scottish Affairs Committee as "well dodgy".
When approached by the BBC, a spokesman for Sports Direct declined to comment.
USC, which sells clothing aimed at the younger market, ran into trouble last year after a row with a supplier. The company was losing £20m a year and collapsed into administration in January, with the loss of 83 jobs at the USC distribution depot in South Ayrshire, provoking some indignation in Scotland.
When the Scottish affairs committee met last month it was determined to find out more.
Members were told, though, that Mr Ashley simply wasn't available to answer parliamentarians' questions at any point during the month of March.  Mr Ashley's legal representatives then took exception to the committee's habit of publishing correspondence, citing "concerns over confidentiality" and going as far as to invoke the European Convention on Human Rights.
Keith Hellawell, the company's chairman, was sent in Mr Ashley's place. But he told the committee he and the board hadn't known anything about the collapse of USC until the day before it folded. But, he said, chief executive Dave Forsey had begun "consulting" with administrators Duff and Phelps as early as 14 November. Dr Hellawell insisted the firm "didn't want" USC to fold.
Perhaps even more controversially USC hasn't shut up shop. Almost immediately after it went into administration the fashion retailer was bought by another part of Mr Ashley's business empire, through a so-called pre-pack administration, and is trading again. But with less debt, according to MPs.
Conservative Simon Reevell told the Scottish affairs committee: "Sports Direct had a company that was losing money, they now have the same company where the debt liability that had been incurred has gone."
"At one level, to use a technical phrase, this all looks well dodgy," he added.
The committee chairman, Labour's Ian Davidson, lamented how the process left the taxpayer "done over" in having to meet redundancy costs and unpaid taxes.  Dr Hellawell countered that by saying the company had paid more than £1.3bn in tax to date.
This latest controversy builds on earlier concerns.
The IoD previously criticised a £200m payment to employees, including Mr Ashley. The company didn't disclose his share of the award. But "we expect as a majority shareholder he got the majority of that," said Mr Parry.
Paying a dividend, which would have been shared among all shareholders, may have been more appropriate, said Mr Parry.
There are even more questions swirling around the collapse of USC.
"Could they have done something about it? And could they not have told shareholders and staff?"
If there had been a failure to inform the board sooner, this would suggest a lack of respect for the board's authority, he said.
Workers were given even less notice, 15 minutes, before they heard they'd lost their jobs, the committee was told.
To be sure, Mr Ashley has built a very clever business model. As well as owning stores, Sports Direct owns rights to popular brands such as Slazenger, Dunlop and Lonsdale. Good margins on these products mean he can afford to sell big brand products from the likes of Nike and Adidas at a greater discount than competitors, luring in shoppers.
So when a customer pops in for a pair of Nike trainers, they can also be tempted to buy a Slazenger T-shirt or a pair of Lonsdale shorts with a fatter margin for Mr Ashley.
Short leases on its stores mean it can be more flexible with demand, quickly shutting up shop and moving elsewhere if sales drop.
It's a formula that has brought riches to shareholders in the long run. Those who bought shares in 2007 for £3 apiece when Mr Ashley floated his firm would have more than doubled their money today. Luckier punters could have snapped up shares for as little as 32p in the crisis in 2008 and sold them last year for more than £8.
The firm has also been criticised for its zealous use of zero hours contracts, which don't guarantee regular work. Mr Hellawell told MPs that 4,300 of the firm's 19,000 staff were permanent. The rest of its workers are employed on zero-hours contracts.
In terms of what must be done at Sports Direct, the IoD's Mr Parry said: "It's hard to be prescriptive, but power lies with shareholders" who must voice concerns at the firm's annual meeting on 10 September.
Investors, employees and customers alike can watch Mr. Ashley to see whether this time he'd like to defend himself against these new allegations


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Question: In our series of letters from Africa, journalist Joseph Warungu reflects on the rocky times that the judiciary has been facing in two countries in East Africa.

"Why hire a lawyer when you can buy the judge?"
The slogan, painted on a placard carried recently by civil society protesters, captures the kind of attacks the Kenyan judiciary has had to endure in recent days.
The men and women who dispense justice have come under fierce scrutiny, following bribery allegations against a supreme court judge.
After reviewing a report by a special committee that looked into the matter, the Judicial Service Commission recommended that Justice Philip Tunoi should face a tribunal.
Its job would be to determine whether or not he received a bribe of $2m (Â£1.4m) to rule in favour of Evans Kidero, whose election as Nairobi governor was challenged in 2014.
Justice Tunoi denies the allegations and says that he's willing to face the tribunal to prove the allegations are not true.
Mr Kidero, who became governor in March 2013, has also denied that he paid a bribe to influence the ruling.
In Kenya, Chief Justice Willy Mutunga has been complaining openly about corruption being rife in the judiciary.
But across the border in Tanzania, the president himself is the one leading the charge.
A few days ago, President John Magufuli, who has declared an all-out war against corruption, attacked Tanzania's judicial system, accusing the courts of laziness, bureaucracy and corruption.
"I'm worried that even the people I'm firing because of corruption will easily secure freedom despite watertight evidence against them," the president said.
In Kenya, many argue that whatever the outcome of the tribunal over bribery allegations against Justice Tunoi, the image of the judiciary will be tarred.
In 2012, the country's deputy Chief Justice, Nancy Baraza chose to resign after a tribunal recommended her removal from office "for gross misconduct" over an alleged assault.
Ms Baraza was accused of assaulting a security guard at a shopping mall in Nairobi on New Year's Eve. She denied the allegations, which were never tested in a court of law.
In this case, Justice Tunoi has opted not to resign, but to face his accuser at the tribunal.
Depending on the outcome, the tribunal could have serious implications for the Kenyan judiciary.
Already, the Justice Tunoi saga has taken on a political aspect.
Joseph Warungu:
"The integrity and reputation of the supreme court is critical to political stability in Kenya."
Some voices in the opposition see the affair as an attempt to weaken key institutions of the state, ahead of general elections in 2017.
They argue that if the results of next year's elections are contested, as happened in the 2013 election, it will be the supreme court that will have the final say on who becomes president.
In 2013, the court ruled in favour of President Uhuru Kenyatta, after a petition challenging his victory that was filed by his rival, Raila Odinga.
So, the integrity and reputation of the supreme court is critical to political stability in Kenya.
Luckily for Tanzania's John Magufuli, he is free from such election fever.
He's only been in office for three months and so has no fear about shaking up the judicial system.
Mr Magufuli made it very clear in a speech to judges, magistrates and advocates that he would not interfere with the independence of the judiciary.
But his sharp criticism of the judicial system has sent a signal to that no one will be immune to the reforms he is pursuing in other key sectors of the country.
He also said that he wants money from the courts.
If they processed cases quickly and collected fines efficiently, he said, there would be enough to fund the judiciary properly, and pay for other priorities of his administration.
If Mr Magufuli has his way, the days of judges who receive bribes or delay cases unnecessarily will be numbered.
But due to the country's separation of powers he can't jump in and personally kick out the learned folks.
He has to rely on the chief justice for that.
Meanwhile in Kenya, the country's highest court risks being dragged through the mud, if Justice Tunoi goes through with his plan to face the tribunal.
In fact, the very future of the supreme court could be thrown into doubt if the tribunal were to establish that Justice Tunoi - one of its seven members - had received a bribe.
In Kenya, Chief Justice Willy Mutunga has been a big a champion of reforms in the judiciary, but much to his frustration, he's now learnt that the wheels of justice are designed for the marathon, not the sprint.
And it seems, sometimes the wheels need oiling.
More from Joseph Warungu:
Why Kenya has banned on-air sex
Five gifts for five African presidents
Tanzania's new wine gets to work
Tanzania's cybercrime law
Travel tips for Obama
Why Kenyans enjoyed the political blackout

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

It is that time of the year again, when we take stock of the highs and lows of the last 12 months.
From the perspective of a news reporter, there have been some stand-out moments.
Insecurity was a running concern in many parts of the continent in 2013.
The beginning of the year saw a major operation in Mali led by French forces to recapture cities and towns that had been taken over by militant Islamists and Tuareg rebels.
To a large extent, the operation, which is still ongoing, has been a success.
I could not help but see the irony watching French President Francois Hollande welcomed as a hero and liberator in Mali in the same year the African Union marked 50 years of its existence.
Some of the security concerns of this year will drag on into 2014.
The conflict in the Central African Republic (CAR), which started with a rebellion to overthrow ex-Francois Bozize, is worsening.
2013 will also be remembered as the year the leaders of South Sudan handed their people the worst of holiday gifts.
Political disputes have taken on a military dimension. For a nation that is just two years old and had suffered decades of war before gaining independence, one would have thought the South Sudanese would not see fighting each other as an option.
Elsewhere in the neighbourhood, the M23 rebels were defeated in the Democratic Republic of Congo by the combined efforts of the army and United Nations (UN) troops.
But there is still a long way to go before all the militia who operate in the area are subdued.
The most high-profile terror incident of the year took place in Kenya in September.
I was in London when I woke up to the news that there was an attack at a shopping centre in Nairobi.
I knew Westgate. I had been there several times during my visits to Kenya.
The first news reports I saw did not indicate how serious the crisis was. By evening, it was clear that we were dealing with a situation far more troubling than I had imagined.
The following days were extraordinary. I stood in front of the shopping centre for days watching the military vehicles come and go, separating rumour from fiction.
Finally, the special units moved in and brought the crisis to a violent end.
However there are many questions that have been left unanswered:  How could al-Shabab attack a mall in the middle of the capital without warning?
2013 was also the year US President Barack Obama returned to the continent.
Six years after his last visit, I got the sense that some of the enthusiasm for the Obama phenomenon had waned.
Mr Obama visited Senegal, South Africa and Tanzania in an effort to re-calibrate his relationship with the continent.
President Obama will host a summit of African leaders next year. How different this will be from the China-Africa, India-Africa or France-Africa summits? We will have to wait and see.
But 2013 has been a good year too. Economic growth in many countries has remained steady. Africa's middle class is expanding.
If current forecasts hold, Nigeria will soon overtake South Africa as the continent's biggest economy.
Rwanda issued a sovereign bond that was well oversubscribed.
Zimbabwe's presidential election proceeded largely without violence.
Ghana, my team, qualified for the football World Cup.
But 2013 will forever be remembered as the year one of the greatest figures of modern history passed away. On the evening of 5 December, Nelson Mandela joined the ancestors.
It will be one of those moments that will stay with me. Where were you when you heard Mandela had died? I will remember being stuck on a train to Paris and texting back and forth to the managers in London.
Covering the funeral for me will always be a special moment. I will look back on it with a sense of sadness. But also with gratitude. I feel lucky to have been a witness to that part of the Mandela story.
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Question: Hibernian manager Neil Lennon hailed his side's 3-0 win over Dundee United as "the best in my time here" after dominating their closest title rivals.

Jason Cummings' brace and a goal from the returning John McGinn saw them open a four-point lead in the Championship.
"Under the circumstances, against a very good side, we were superb from start to finish," said Lennon.
"We attacked with great verve, we counter-attacked brilliantly and looked a threat all evening."
A crowd of 18,786 - the biggest in the second tier this season - saw the hosts turn in a strong performance, with United fortunate not to lose by a greater margin.
"You can't guarantee you are going to play like that every week, with that kind of atmosphere," added Lennon
"This is a tough league and we are not taking anything for granted. But this gives us a bit of a cushion now."
The manager's decision to give new winger Chris Humphrey, who had not played since October, a debut after his arrival from Preston last weekend paid instant dividends.
The former Motherwell player laid on both of Cummings' goals, while Martin Boyle also impressed on the left flank for Hibs.
"I thought the two wingers were outstanding," Lennon told BBC Scotland. "For Chris to come in having not played for a while, we thought it was a gamble worth taking. We have looked a bit pedestrian in the last few games.
"I have always liked Chris, and the recruitment team did a great job getting him here. His attitude has been fantastic and from day one he has looked the part. It was a great debut.
"I loved that second goal. We don't get enough tap-ins. We wondered whether Cummings should start up front on his own but he was awesome tonight.
"I have got a good player in Martin Boyle too. He just needs to believe in himself a bit more at times but I like what he has and he was a threat.
"We agonised over the team selection and formation all afternoon, but thankfully it paid off."
Lennon was also able to give fit-again McGinn a late run-out after two months out following an ankle operation, and he put the seal on a thumping win with a superb late goal.
"We have missed John," he said. "We weren't sure if we could give him 15 minutes but the medical team said he was OK. We just wanted him in there to shore things up, but he did more than that. He is a class player."
Lennon also confirmed he will speak to Kris Commons over the coming days about extending his emergency loan from Celtic, which ends on 10 January, until the end of the season.
"I love him as a player. He is still rusty and had a cold tonight but he has an aura about him."
Dundee United had briefly moved above Hibs a fortnight ago on the back of 14 matches unbeaten, but a second successive loss leaves them four points adrift in the promotion battle.
"I am really disappointed," manager Ray McKinnon told BBC Radio Scotland. "That wasn't great from us and we conceded the game in the first 20 minutes.
"It was really nervy at the start and they were really ragged. We didn't deserve to get anything. We didn't pass it with any zip or purpose.
"We are four points off the top the league and we will be giving it our best in every game to the end of the season to get promotion.
"At the start of the season, we would have been pleased to be in this position with a chance to win the league."

Rob Maclean continues his series assessing the main talking points from the weekend's Scottish football action.
They might have wanted to take their time to ensure they made the right decision but, on the evidence of Sunday's defeat by Dundee, they don't have that luxury.
The season could unravel for Rangers if they're not careful. Aberdeen are taking an increasingly strong grip of second place in the Premiership and might already be uncatchable.
Hearts and St Johnstone could be ready to fight it out for third spot and suddenly European qualification would be no shoe-in for Rangers.
There wasn't enough passion in their play against Dundee and too much acceptance of their first defeat at Dens in 25 years. Rangers have to be better than that.
At least Rangers got rid of Joey Barton, who turned Saturday night's Match of the Day into an episode of Men Behaving Badly.
Although the fact remains that they should never have wasted their money on him in the first place.
The Rangers hierarchy must still be embarrassed about that inexplicable bit of business. Just as Barton should cringe at his panto performance for Burnley in their FA Cup exit at the hands of non-league Lincoln.
He dropped to the ground holding his head after the faintest of contact with the outstretched arm of Lincoln striker Matt Rhead.
It was as convincing as his displays in a Rangers shirt.
Kris Doolan is now only three away from a century of Partick Thistle goals. Forty five minutes was all the 30-year-old substitute needed on Saturday to net two headers against Hamilton at Firhill and hoist the Jags back into the Premiership top six.
Nearly a third of his 300-plus appearances for Thistle have come from the bench - which makes his goals per starts ratio mighty impressive - but Doolan tends to score rather than sulk.
A pair of clever headers in the second half won three precious points against Accies after a highlights-free, and Doolan-free, first 45.
The former Auchinleck Talbot striker's goals will keep top flight football at Firhill.
If you were ever in any doubt about how much Neil Lennon wants to lead Hibs back to the top tier of Scottish football, you only had to listen to his after-match rant on Saturday.
It wasn't just what he said but how he said it after his team blew their chance of opening up a nine-point gap at the top of the Championship.
Lennon said his players were a disgrace for the first hour of their 1-1 draw with Raith Rovers in Kirkcaldy. I'd love to have heard the dressing room version of his post-game comments.
He knows he's in the process of kick-starting his own management career as well as taking Hibs back to where they reckon they belong.
Ayr United's Championship survival hopes must have taken a big boost from their unbeaten February so far.
They kicked off the month by drawing with leaders Hibs at Easter Road, then reached the Scottish Cup quarter finals with the last ditch extra-time defeat of Clyde in a replay at Broadwood.
On Saturday, Ian McCall's team were a red-carded player short and two goals down at Dumbarton after 90 minutes had come and gone.
To rescue a point under those circumstances, scoring twice in stoppage time, was almost unbelievable.
There's still work to be done for Ayr to avoid relegation but to show that sort of staying power must do wonders for belief.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The British Grand Prix was such a perfect weekend for Lewis Hamilton that it was as if he had written his own script.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Needing a good result to close the worryingly large championship gap to Ferrari's Sebastian Vettel, Hamilton's victory and the German's seventh place meant a 19-point swing in the Mercedes driver's favour.
Criticised in some sections of the media for the way he had prepared - being the only driver to snub a high-profile event in London - Hamilton dominated the entire weekend, taking pole by more than half a second and driving away into a race of his own.
Keen to expand his ever-growing statistical achievements, he took his 67th pole position - only one short of Michael Schumacher's all-time record - and equalled legends Jim Clark and Alain Prost's tally of five British Grand Prix victories.
But the underlying message of the weekend might be even better for Hamilton than that.
The reduction in his points deficit may have come about because of a degree of fortune, but it reflects what appears to be a growing trend in performance towards Mercedes as one of the closest seasons in years reached its halfway point.
After the race, Hamilton was asked why he was so strong at Silverstone. "Because I own it," he replied, before breaking out into laughter.
He was joking, but you know what they say about words said in jest. Certainly at no point during the three days of track action at Silverstone did it look as if Hamilton was in any danger of losing this race.
Team-mate Valtteri Bottas was fastest in both Friday practice sessions, but in both cases there were extenuating circumstances and the underlying performance suggested Hamilton was on top.
On Saturday he proved it, with a spectacular qualifying lap, more than half a second clear of anyone else and three-quarters of a second quicker than the Finn. The fastest Ferrari - of Kimi Raikkonen - was 0.547secs adrift, despite an engine upgrade for this weekend.
And in the race, Hamilton was in a league of his own. He measured his pace in the first 15 laps or so but then he put the hammer down, pulling away from Ferrari's Kimi Raikkonen at a second a lap.
That advantage was clearly there when he needed it, or chose to use it - and his fastest lap was 0.9secs quicker than Raikkonen's, both set in the closing stages of the race.
Bottas' pace in the race, with a strong driver from ninth on the grid to finish second, underlined Mercedes' superiority around the fast sweeps of this classic track.
It was almost certainly Mercedes' most dominant performance of the year, but it reflects a wider development over the last few races.
Hamilton had lost ground to Vettel over the preceding two races and came to his home race 20 points behind the German. But those results came against the run of play.
Had it not been for a loose head rest in Baku, Hamilton would have won three of the last four races. Who knows, had a gearbox problem not led to a grid penalty and a disrupted weekend in Austria a week before Silverstone, he might have taken pole and won there, too.
The turning point was Monaco at the end of May, where Mercedes had their second bad weekend in three. A lot of work went in after that to find set-ups that were more effective at creating an even balance, and therefore working the tyres in an optimum way.
Vettel reminded everyone after the race of the immense progress Ferrari had made after a winless 2016, but he admitted he sees signs for concern.
"This year we have been, for the majority of the year, a match," the four-time champion said. "It has been probably true that in the last couple of races, Mercedes have been stronger but the real game changer is qualifying.
"They are able to turn up the engine. They are gaining 0.6secs on the straights. Baku it was 0.7secs, Austria it was 0.5secs. We need to be fair with that. That is something we can't do. We are working on it but it doesn't happen overnight.
"If you have the cars in front for the first lap, the race looks different. The car has been fantastic. There is no reason to panic or to worry. But for sure we need to be aware. There are a couple of advantages we need to work on and then it could be a different picture."
Vettel pointed out that Ferrari were "10km/h faster through Copse [corner] than Mercedes" in qualifying but admitted: "That's one corner. There are a lot of other corners. I think we are on the right track. Our car is good, our car is strong, especially on Sunday. We need to make sure we step it up on Saturday and then Sundays look different."
Vettel is right to pin-point qualifying, as a dig into the raw numbers reveals. In the first four races of the season, Mercedes had an average one-lap performance advantage over Ferrari of 0.141 seconds. Now, that number is 0.296secs. And taking the four races since Monaco on their own, it is a whopping 0.530secs.
If that trend continues at a twisty Hungary in two weeks' time, Ferrari have a problem.
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Inevitably, attention was focused on Hamilton throughout the Silverstone weekend and not always in a good way.
His decision not to attend last Wednesday's F1 promotional event in London drew a lot of criticism in the newspapers, and there was the usual Hamilton-focused feeding frenzy of media speculation over any British GP weekend. The drip-drip of what Mercedes perceived as negativity began to get on senior figures' nerves and one story claiming Hamilton was interested in a move to Ferrari particularly annoyed the team.
Mercedes F1 boss Toto Wolff said that questioning the way Hamilton chose to prepare for a race weekend was "an insult" given his record, and said he was always comfortable with his lead driver missing the London event, even though they had "flagged the risks".
As for Hamilton's future? Well, he was not exactly clear on his plans immediately after the race.
Initially, he said: "I'm still enjoying it and I still have a contract with the team for at least a year so I plan to see that out at the moment."
A couple of hours later, he said: "Contract and stuff… well, I can't really say what's going to happen six months from now but all I do know is I am loving racing and I really do feel I am driving better than I have ever driven.
"I know that right now I am at my best and I want to stay there.
"In life, you don't know what's going to happen. Right now, I love driving. You could say - its very unlikely, because I think I am always going to like driving and doing crazy stuff - but I'm just saying you don't know what frame of mind I will be in come Christmas time.
"But hopefully it's a really good one with a fourth title. And even in getting another championship, it would never be a case of: 'Oh no, it's time to hang up my gloves.' I will always want to win more, even when I do stop something inside me will say I still want to win more.
"But let's just focus at the moment on trying to get that fourth."
This is typical Hamilton - he often contradicts himself, sometimes even within the same answer. And if you can decode what that all means, you are a smarter person than this writer.
The facts are that Hamilton has a contract with Mercedes until the end of 2018, and that he and Mercedes have agreed to wait until the four-week summer break after the next race in Hungary to discuss the future - not that with 18 months remaining on his contract, there is any particular rush.
The impression from those around Hamilton is that he is unlikely to leave Mercedes in the foreseeable future. He is happy in the team, the relationship with Wolff is strong after some frank and open discussions over the winter, and why would he want to leave?
Yes, there is the whole Ferrari legend thing, but Hamilton is very focused on his personal career statistics.
He is two poles away from eclipsing Michael Schumacher's record of 68. He is inching towards the German's win record, too, even if at 91 - with Hamilton on 57 - beating it is a tall order.
The bottom line is that Hamilton wants performance, and the best place to get that at the moment remains Mercedes.
The irony of the focus on Hamilton - inevitable as it might have been - is that the key to the driver market this summer is actually Vettel.
He is the one out of contract at the end of the year - along with his team-mate Kimi Raikkonen and Bottas.
Vettel is highly likely to stay at Ferrari. And if he stays there, as one insider put it, "would Lewis go there, and would they fork out $80m?" The same point, of course, applies to the likelihood of Vettel going to Mercedes.
The only chance of that - or indeed of Fernando Alonso finding a place at one of the two top teams - is if Hamilton retires at the end of the year.
In all likelihood, nothing will probably change much in the driver market this year, at least in the top teams, especially with Red Bull insisting both their drivers are tied down for at least another season and will definitely stay.
It is the availability of Daniel Ricciardo at the end of 2018 and Max Verstappen either then or at the end of 2019 (depending on some get-out clauses that exist in the Dutchman's contract) that is making Wolff pause over re-signing Bottas.
"It is almost a no-brainer," Wolff said. "I would just like to put the puzzle together and it is not only about 2018. It is about looking forward in 2019 and '20. There are some opportunities. That's why after Budapest I am going to contemplate on a beach about what's right and wrong for the team."
The wildcard in the driver market is Robert Kubica, who had a second test for Renault last week as he seeks to mount a comeback more than six years after the rally accident that left him gravely injured and with only partial movement in his right arm.
Sources close to Kubica say he is "ready to return at his old level" and that the test went exceptionally well - including proving his ability to turn the car around even the tightest hairpins.
Renault now face a quandary. Do they wait until the Abu Dhabi test at the end of the season to verify his ability to drive a 2017 car - something about which Kubica himself is said to be in no doubt? Or do it in Hungary at the test immediately after the next race?
That decision has not yet been made, it seems. On it, rests a feel-good human interest story of immense proportions - and the potential return to F1 of one of the most talented drivers of his generation in the most remarkable of circumstances.

It was a reflection of the warmth felt towards this cheerful, likeable man throughout a sport that has provided him both ecstasy and agony in pretty much equal shares for the last 15 years.
Massa, 35, can look back on a career in which he has driven for two of the sport's greatest teams, won 11 grands prix and come within a sniff of the world championship.
Massa lost out on the sport's greatest prize to Lewis Hamilton in 2008 in the most agonising circumstances - for a few delirious seconds after crossing the line in his Ferrari to win his home grand prix, the Brazilian thought he was world champion. As did his father celebrating manically in the Ferrari pit.
But then Hamilton passed Timo Glock's Toyota at the final corner of the final lap, and moved into the fifth place he needed to snatch the crown by one point.
Massa can look back on that season as the year that his career reached its zenith.
Ferrari had the best car, he had the better of team-mate Kimi Raikkonen and he would have been champion but for a couple of moments of terrible luck.
If only his Ferrari's engine had not failed while he was leading three laps before the end of the Hungarian Grand Prix.
If only he had not driven away from his pit with the fuel hose still attached while leading the Singapore Grand Prix.
If only…
Massa never again attained those heights. In 2009, Ferrari were uncompetitive, and then in Hungary he was lucky to survive the most bizarre of incidents in qualifying.
Massa was struck on the head by a suspension part that had come loose from a rival's car - ironically that of his close friend and countryman Rubens Barrichello. He suffered a fractured skull and for a few hours there were questions over whether he would survive.
He did not race again that year, and when he came back in 2010, Raikkonen was gone and Massa had a new team-mate, Fernando Alonso, who provided a whole other level of challenge.
Alonso is a dominant character as well as one of the greatest drivers ever to grace F1, and Massa found himself increasingly cast into a supporting role.
This happened organically throughout their first-half season together, by virtue of Alonso being faster, and then was made explicitly clear when Massa was ordered to hand victory in the German Grand Prix to his team-mate, to help Alonso's title bid.
The radio messages giving the order were spoken in code to avoid breaking the ban on team orders that was then in force. To Massa from his race engineer Rob Smedley, they have passed into folklore, made Smedley a superstar and ironically enhanced the driver's standing.
"OK, so, Fernando is faster than you," Smedley said deliberately. "Can you confirm you understood that message."
Just as in Brazil two years before, Massa handled the most difficult of situations with dignity and won himself a new legion of fans.
Four years with Alonso confirmed what a season with Schumacher had suggested in 2006 - Massa was a very good Formula 1 driver, but not a great one.
Not only did the Spaniard and the German have access to a turn of speed beyond Massa's capabilities, they had other attributes - consistency, fierce intellect, the ability to dominate a team - that also escaped Massa.
Massa was well aware that he was was facing a rival he could not match on all but rare occasions.
"Fernando is the top driver," he said, "and to beat him you need to be on the level of perfect - if you're not, even in one little way, you will be behind him."
Like so many things in his life, Massa handled this knowledge - and the unenviable task of being professionally beaten up most weekends - with humility and class.
But when Massa was on it, on a good day, there were few faster.
It takes a special person and a more-than decent driver to survive at Ferrari for eight seasons. Eventually, at the end of 2013, the team finally decided they needed a new partner for Alonso, who they correctly feared was running out of patience with them and might leave. As indeed he did a year later.
By then, Massa had moved to Williams for what proved an almost-golden twilight to his career.
Massa needed Williams as badly as they needed him. The once-great team were about to come out of a slump and Massa required somewhere to rebuild his career, when other teams were not exactly falling over themselves to sign him.
In 2014, there was even a pole position - in Austria - and last year he led a race for what is almost certainly going to prove the last time, at Silverstone, after a lightning start from the second row.
There have been no wins, and the powers of both team and driver appear to have dimmed this year. But there can have been no better place for such a popular man to end his career than with a team whose warmth and likeability matches his.
"It's a very sad, emotional day," said Williams deputy team principal Claire Williams. "This is a big decision Felipe has come to and he was terribly nervous before he came out here.
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"He's what we love at Williams - a true gentleman. We were so lucky he honoured us to come and drive for us.
"We were in dire straits and we needed someone like him. He has been a big part of the success we have had over the last three years, not just with his talent but with his personality."
Massa is an essentially modest man and he is well aware of where he stands in F1's pantheon.
"It was very difficult to decide to stop," he said. "But you just need to listen to what your heart is saying to you.
"To be in F1 for 15 years. I am very proud to have been here so long. Even if I lost the championship by one point, I managed to achieve many dreams. I achieved more than I ever expected."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A dog who stood guard to protect another dog has been given an award for his bravery.

Tillie, a setter-spaniel mix, stood in the same spot for nearly a week waiting for help as her basset hound friend Phoebe had fallen into a well.
Washington state governor Jay Inslee named Tillie the Washingtonian of the Day for her actions.
She was given a pin on a ribbon to wear around her neck.
The dogs owner BJ Duft said he was really worried when both dogs seemed to be missing.
He said he was ecstatic when they were found.
"It really made me think a lot about their friendship and Tillie's commitment to her companion, that's for sure," he said.
Duft said the dogs were enjoying their newfound fame and now wear GPS collars so he knows where they are.

The 10-year-old, who's a crossbreed of a pit bull-Dutch shepherd mix, beat off competition from 20 others dogs to win the top prize.
Quasi Modo has a slight hunchback after being born with a spinal defect and was adopted by a vet in Florida, USA, after being abandoned at an animal shelter.
Take a look at these brilliant photos from the dog competition.


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Question: The chief executive of bookmakers Ladbrokes has hit back at criticism from some Scottish managers about the practice of offering odds on which boss might be next for the sack.

Jim Mullen has written to Scottish League Managers Association head Alex Smith after he described it as "undignified and unfair".
Ladbrokes is the main sponsor of the Scottish Professional Football League.
Smith intends to take the matter up with league executives soon.
In his letter, Mullen says the practice is "neither cruel nor insensitive, it's life".
In the correspondence, which has been seen by BBC Scotland, Mullen also insists they have no intention of reviewing their betting procedures in light of the criticism.
"We have been offering topical markets on the sporting issues that our customers are interested in for well over a hundred years," he claimed.
"We plan to carry on doing this for the next hundred years and beyond.
"I know that with high-profile jobs comes high-octane pressure and lots of speculation."
And at the end of the letter he quipped that he would happily be on the receiving end.
He wrote: "If and when somebody next opens a book on the Ladbrokes management, I'll probably have a chuckle, grit my teeth and try to upset the odds."
It comes less than 24 hours after Jackie McNamara was told his time as manager of Dundee United was up, following defeat to St Johnstone.
Ladbrokes signed a two-year sponsorship deal with the SPFL in May.
The deal is understood to be worth about £4m.

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The 34-year-old is accused by the Scottish Football Association of placing 44 bets between 1 July and 15 September this year.
Barton is due to return from a three-week club ban on Monday following an internal dispute.
The player has until 12 October to respond to the charge, with a hearing date set for 27 October.
SFA disciplinary rule 33 prohibits players, coaches, club officials and referees in Scotland from betting on football anywhere in the world.
In May, Partick Thistle midfielder Steven Lawless was given a six-match ban, with four of those suspended until the end of this season, after being accused of betting on 513 matches.
Two former Rangers players, Steve Simonsen and Ian Black, have also served bans relating to gambling rules breaches in recent years.
Dunfermline striker Michael Moffat served a four-game ban in 2014, when at Ayr United, after he was found guilty of placing seven bets on six matches involving his own team, as well as a number of other bets.
BBC Scotland football reporter Roddy Forsyth:
"Joey Barton was Rangers' marquee summer signing and arrived with the boast that he had come to Scotland to be the best player in the country.
"Since then, there has been a catalogue of controversy, including online taunts aimed at Celtic manager Brendan Rodgers and captain Scott Brown, and a training bust-up with a team-mate which saw him suspended for three weeks.
"He bet on Celtic to lose by three goals or more against Barcelona, which was a breach of the SFA's no-tolerance rules, and now the allegation of 44 bets on games since he arrived at Rangers.
"The bookies were offering 16-1 on him being Scottish player of the year at the end of the season, but those odds will have rocketed... if you can still get them."


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A train struck a Land Rover on the railway line between Ely and Cambridge, prompting an investigation.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article:

It happened just after 14:30 BST at a level crossing near Stretham.
A man, in his 40s, was treated by the East Anglian Air Ambulance and flown to Addenbrooke's Hospital in Cambridge.
The collision involved a Great Northern King's Lynn to London King's Cross train. The 4x4 was hit at the Nairn level crossing, off the A1123.
Read more on this story and others from Cambridgeshire.
British Transport Police said the male driver of the vehicle suffered serious injuries but they were not thought to be life-threatening.
Network Rail said the crossing was typically used by few than 10 vehicles per day and there were "clear instructions" telling people to phone a signaller to ask permission to cross.
Spokesman Ross Easton confirmed the signaller had not received a call prior to the incident and the telephone system had been working.
"Our thoughts are with the driver of the vehicle and his family and we will continue to assist with the ongoing investigation," he added.
About 115 passengers had to be transferred to another train after it was damaged in the crash.

The rear power car of the Great Western Railway train partially left the track as it departed for Penzance in Cornwall shortly before midday.
A spokesperson for the rail firm said it was "travelling at extremely low speed" and no injuries were reported.
Platforms one and two are currently out of use while Network Rail investigates what happened.
The passengers on board were transferred to another service and other trains leaving the station are running to their original timetables.
It is the second time a train has derailed at a major London station in a week.
On Tuesday, a South West train left tracks after it hit a barrier train at Waterloo station causing major disruption for commuters.
On the same day, a Great Northern train crashed into buffers as it arrived at King's Cross.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: At least two people have been killed and scores wounded as Saudi police clashed with protesting foreign workers in a district of the capital, Riyadh.

A police statement said hundreds of people were arrested in the Manfuhah neighbourhood.
Later on Sunday, thousands of mostly African workers gathered in the capital to prepare for repatriation.
Last week police rounded up thousands of migrant workers after an amnesty linked to new employment rules expired.
One of the two people killed was a Saudi while the other was unidentified, police said. About 70 others were injured and there were some 560 arrests, officials added.
However, Ethiopian Foreign Affairs Minister Tedros Adhanom said he had information that three Ethiopian citizens had been killed, one last Tuesday and two in the latest clashes.
He said Addis Ababa had formally complained to Riyadh.
"This is unacceptable. We call on the Saudi government to investigate this issue seriously. We are also happy to take our citizens, who should be treated with dignity while they are there," he said.
Police said they intervened on Saturday after foreign workers in the Manfuhah district rioted, attacking Saudi and other foreign residents with rocks and knives.
Vigilante Saudi residents in Manfuhah reportedly joined the fighting and even detained some Ethiopians.
Manfuhah is home to many migrants, mostly from east Africa.
On Sunday, witnesses said police surrounded the district while units from the National Guard and special forces were sent in.
Hundreds of African migrants reportedly surrendered to police.
A long line of buses took the migrants to temporary housing along the airport road in Riyadh.
Last Monday, the authorities began rounding up thousands of illegal foreign workers following the expiry of a seven-month amnesty for them to formalise their status.
Nearly a million Bangladeshis, Indians, Filipinos, Nepalis, Pakistanis and Yemenis are estimated to have left the country in the past three months.
More than 30,000 Yemenis have reportedly crossed to their home country in the past 10 days alone.
Four million other migrants obtained work permits before last Sunday's deadline.
Saudi Arabia has the Arab world's largest economy, but authorities are trying to reduce the 12% unemployment rate among native Saudis.
An estimated nine million migrant workers are in Saudi Arabia - more than half the workforce - filling manual, clerical, and service jobs.

The blaze broke out in the intensive care and maternity departments of the Jazan General Hospital, the Civil Defence Agency tweeted.
The fire is now over and those injured have been transferred to other hospitals in the area, it added.
An investigation is under way to find out the cause of the blaze.
Country profile: Saudi Arabia
Fire sweeps Saudi residential block
One witness told Saudi television an electrical fault appeared to be to blame, and that the fire had swept through the building in minutes.
"We could hear the women screaming," the man said.
The blaze badly damaged the interior, charring walls and leaving wreckage dangling from the ceiling.
Twenty-one civil defence teams helped extinguish the fire, according to the agency.
Some Saudis took to social media to complain of what they said was inadequate infrastructure in the area.
Saudi authorities also faced heavy criticism earlier this year after a stampede at the Hajj pilgrimage killed hundreds.
Jazan is near the border with Yemen, which has seen months of fighting between Houthi rebels and Saudi-backed forces.
Earlier this week a rocket fired from Yemen towards Jazan was intercepted by Saudi Arabia, reports say, although there is no indication Thursday's fire is related to the conflict.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Iraqi forensic teams are exhuming bodies from the suspected mass graves of soldiers killed by Islamic State (IS) militants while they controlled the city of Tikrit.

IS targeted Shia soldiers from Camp Speicher, a former US Army base.
The June 2014 massacre became a symbol for IS brutality after videos and pictures were posted on social media.
Tikrit was retaken from IS control by the Iraqi army and Shia militias days ago after a month-long siege.
IS militants claimed at the time to have executed 1,700 Iraqi soldiers from Camp Speicher.
Work has started on eight locations inside Tikrit's complex of presidential palaces, where the killings are thought to have taken place, Kamil Amin, from Iraq's Human Rights Ministry, told the Associated Press.
The presidential compound of the former Iraqi president Saddam Hussein became the IS headquarters after they took the city last year.
"The work is continuing and we expect to discover more mass graves in different areas," Mr Amin said. "We expect huge number of bodies to be unearthed."
DNA testing will be used to identify the bodies once they have been exhumed, as many families have never had confirmation of the death of their relatives.
"We dug up the first mass grave site today. Initial indications show indisputably that they were from the Speicher victims," Khalid al-Atbi, an Iraqi health official working with the forensic team, told the Reuters news agency on Monday.
"It was a heartbreaking scene. We couldn't prevent ourselves from breaking down in tears. What savage barbarian could kill 1,700 persons in cold blood?" he added.
The murder of the soldiers has become a lightning rod for Shia militias who have vowed to avenge the killings.
The militias have been credited with halting Islamic State's advance last year when they captured key cities and towns, but have themselves been accused of war crimes.
The offensive launched on 2 March to take back Tikrit involved some 30,000 fighters, two-thirds of them from the Popular Mobilisation (Hasid Shaabi) - a force comprising dozens of Iranian-backed Shia militia.
The Iraqi army is now expected to turn its attention to Mosul, 225km (335 miles) north along the Tigris river.
IS's most significant stronghold in Iraq, Mosul, presents a far greater challenge than Tikrit for the US-led air coalition and Iraqi ground forces.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

Roadside bombs exploded as the convoy was taking the prisoners from the town of Taji to the capital Baghdad 24km (15 miles) away, justice ministry and medical sources told Reuters.
Gunmen opened fire and a battle ensued with security forces, AFP reports.
It is thought the prisoners were being evacuated at the time.
The prisoners, who were suspected militants, were put in a convoy after mortar rounds hit military bases in Taji at dawn on Thursday, Iraqi officials told AP, speaking on condition of anonymity.
As the convoy travelled through a remote area, roadside bombs went off and the militants opened fire.
There were no immediate figures for casualties among the attackers and it is unclear who was behind the attack.
It is almost a year to the day since gunmen stormed prisons in Taji and Abu Ghraib, also in the Baghdad area, freeing hundreds of inmates. Other prisons have been attacked this year.
In another development, UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon urged Iraq's feuding political leaders to unite in the face of the crisis sparked by the advance of Sunni Islamist rebels in the north. He was speaking after arriving in Baghdad.
Security forces were accused this month of summarily executing prisoners, possibly in retaliation for mass public executions carried out by the Sunni Islamist militants, who seized cities in the north-west and threatened to sweep south to Baghdad.
Human Rights Watch (HRW) said on 11 July that security forces and militias loyal to the government, which is dominated by Shia Muslims, had executed at least 255 prisoners since 9 June.
In some cases, prisoners may have been executed as security forces retreated, to prevent them from rejoining the rebels.
The prisoners were all Sunni Muslims, while the majority of security forces and militia were Shia, HRW said in its report.
A more recent HRW report accused the Sunni militants led by the Islamic State in Iraq and the Levant (Isis) group of killing, kidnapping and threatening religious and ethnic minorities in the Mosul area of northern Iraq.
A suicide bomber killed at least 21 people in Baghdad on Tuesday, attacking a police checkpoint at the entrance to the Kadhimiya district as people travelled to a Shia Muslim shrine in the area.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Four archive services in Wales will share £28,000 to carry out conservation work on fragile and damaged items.

The funding for services in Wrexham, Denbighshire, Bangor and south Wales will help conserve items subject to restricted access due to their condition.
It will also see them digitised and made available online.
The work is funded by the Welsh government and the National Manuscripts Conservation Trust.
Bangor University Archives will use the money to safeguard maps from the Penrhyn Estate.
As well as documenting the estate and its owners, some of the maps detail the social history of Bangor, and include letters from Florence Nightingale detailing her concern about the re-occurring outbreaks of cholera in the slums in 1882.
Denbighshire Archives will protect borough charter documents issued by monarchs between 1290 and 1662, which give details of the early-mid medieval period to the administration under Charles II.
The designs for coal mine pumping engines for the UK and abroad made by Neath Abbey Ironworks, which contributed to south Wales' part in Britain's industrial revolution, will be restored by West Glamorgan Archives Service.
Wrexham Archives will preserve medicinal recipe and prescription books of chemists L. Rowland and Son Ltd (Numark).
They evidence the early development of a business, which has since become the national brand Numark, and members of the family, many of who went on to become members of the town council.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

North Wales Hospital, Denbigh, cared for 1,500 patients. It closed in 1995.
The money from the Wellcome Trust will allow Denbighshire council's archives service to "catalogue, conserve, and create an online catalogue for this unique collection".
A lot of the information is not accessible due to data protection rules and patient confidentiality.
Last month, part of the Grade II-listed hospital building was damaged in a fire.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details:

For instance you may be given '['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Dundee United have reported annual losses of £1.55m, following their relegation from the Scottish Premiership last season.']' and it should match with '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The club received £1m in transfer income after the sales of Nadir Ciftci, John Souttar and Ryan McGowan.\nBut United\'s revenue fell by 21% to £4.61m through reduced prize money and match-day attendance income.\nThe club say they expect to make £1.5m in cost-savings this season as they bid for promotion from Championship.\nAdministrative costs rose during the period by more than a third to £1.8m. The board say these were mostly football-related as the club took steps to avoid relegation.\nUnited sacked two managers in that time, parting company with Jackie McNamara and Mixu Paatelainen respectively.\nThe Terrors are currently second in the Championship table, seven points behind league leaders Hibernian.\nA club statement read: "The latest annual accounts show the adverse economic effect of a season of poor football results which led to eventual relegation.\n"Revenue dropped by 21% to £4.61m through reduced prize money and the associated drop in match attendance income related to sitting at the foot of the Premiership from October 2015 through to the season end in May 2016.\n"Broadcast revenue was also down as the club featured in fewer live televised cup games."']' but not with '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The 24-year-old joined Livingston from Stirling on a free transfer in 2014 and made 44 appearances for the club in 2015-16, scoring 16 goals.\nWhite scored twice in the Scottish League One play-offs against Stranraer which saw the club relegated from the Scottish Championship to League One.\nHe scored 31 goals in two seasons for Livingston in 88 appearances.']'.

Question: A senior Nigerian official has told the BBC that a would-be suicide bomber arrested in Cameroon is not one of the missing Chibok schoolgirls.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The girl had told investigators she was one of 270 abducted in Nigeria in 2014 by Islamist militant group Boko Haram.
She had explosives strapped to her body, had been drugged and was badly injured when she was arrested last week, Cameroonian officials say.
Boko Haram is increasingly using girls to carry out suicide bombings.
Nigerian President Muhammadu Buhari ordered a new investigation into the kidnappings in January, but admitted he had no information on the girls' whereabouts.
The abductions of the schoolgirls from Chibok town in north-eastern Nigeria sparked international outrage and the #BringBackOurGirls social media campaign.
While about 50 of the girls managed to escape, 219 of the girls remain missing.
Boko Haram leader Abubakar Shekau has said some of the girls have been converted to Islam and forced to marry Boko Haram fighters.
There have been reports that some of them may have been forced to fight for the militant group, which is affiliated to Islamic State.
Although Boko Haram has been driven out from most of the areas it controlled in north-eastern Nigeria, it has continued to carry out suicide bombings and raids into neighbouring Cameroon, Chad and Niger.
Using football to tackle Boko Haram
Who are Boko Haram?

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The captives, mostly women and children, were being held near the group's Sambisa forest stronghold in the north-east.
They have since been moved to a camp for displaced people in Mubi, the army said.
It is unclear if any of the 200 Chibok schoolgirls - also thought to be in the forest - were among those rescued.
The raid took place on Tuesday and targeted "suspected Boko Haram terrorist camps at Bulajilin and Manawashe villages", the army said.
Of those rescued, 192 were children and 138 were women.
Troops also killed 30 suspected jihadists and seized arms and ammunition found in the area.
Pictures released by the army following the seizure show mainly women, some carrying babies.
Four suspected Boko Haram suicide bombers, apparently on a mission to Gubula town were also ambushed and killed by troops.
Boko Haram sparked global outrage with the kidnap of the Chibok schoolgirls in April 2014.
The Nigerian army has rescued hundreds of Boko Haram hostages, but none of the 219 kidnapped schoolgirls have been found.
Who are Boko Haram?
The good baker of Maiduguri
Islamic State ties broaden Boko Haram threat


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Fewshots:
'['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'When Allied soldiers emerged from their trenches along the Somme river on 1 July 1916, they did so into bright sunshine.']' == '['Represent this', "It was supposed to be straightforward. A week-long barrage from 3,000 Allied artillery units had landed three million shells on the German lines.\nThe theory was that the Germans would have fled or been killed, the barbed wire cut. All the Allies had to do was walk across no-man's land and take the enemy's trenches.\nThat was the theory. But the wire hadn't been cut, the Germans hadn't been killed and the trenches were most certainly not empty.\nThe men clambering into the breach were met with a hail of bombs and bullets.\nA battle began which would drag on for 141 days; a battle which cost around a million lives by its end; a battle which would be etched into the collective memory of Britain. And Ireland.\nThe Irish were well represented in the melting pot of nationalities in the Allied trenches.\nThey came from an island which, by the time the First World War began in August 1914,  was on the brink of civil war.\nThe crisis in Ireland was brought about by the possibility of Home Rule - something favoured by the Catholic, nationalist southern part of the island; but resisted in the Protestant, unionist north.\nThe Ulster Volunteer Force (UVF) had been formed in 1912 to stop Home Rule.\nThe nationalist Irish Volunteers formed in reaction.\nBoth sides had landed German-made Mauser rifles in preparation for a showdown which never came.\nOn 28 June 1914, a young nationalist of a different kind - a Bosnian - fired the shots which would start a world war.\nIn Sarajevo, Gavrilo Princip assassinated the Austro-Hungarian heir Archduke Franz Ferdinand and his wife.\nEurope slid towards war. A war which would put pause to the Irish Home Rule crisis.\nBritain knew it needed more men for the campaign. The Secretary of State for War, Lord Kitchener, appealed to civilian men to heed the call.\nIreland responded.\nVolunteers\nThe unionist leader and MP Edward Carson sought assurances that the Home Rule bill would be suspended for the duration of the war before he would commit the UVF to the fray.\nHe got those assurances, and the Ulster Volunteers formed the basis of an entire division, which became the 36th Ulster Division.\nNationalism, too, answered the call.\nIrish Parliamentary Party leader John Redmond urged Irishmen to join up. The reward for loyal service would be Home Rule after the war.\nThousands did join. But others did not and would go on to play a part in the Easter Rising of 1916, a failed military strike against British rule.\nIt was in this context that Irishmen - Protestant and Catholic, unionist and nationalist - found themselves in trenches stretching across northern France.\nThe 'blood sacrifice' of the 36th Ulster Division was made on the first day of the Battle of the Somme.\nOn 1 July 1916, its target was the Schwaben Redoubt - a fortified stronghold on the German line near the village of Thiepval.\nIt was one of the few British divisions to attain its objective that day, much to the surprise of the defending Germans.\nThe achievement of the inexperienced Ulstermen was remarkable. A slog uphill, across a thousand yards, towards machine gun nests and the determined riflemen of the German army.\nTheir success came with horrific losses. By the end of the day the division had suffered more than 5,000 casualties, around 2,000 of whom lay dead.\nBy mid afternoon on 1 July, the soldiers of the 36th found themselves fighting on three sides and were driven back to their starting position late in the day.\nThe Irish contingent facing German guns on the first day of the battle was not just made up of Ulstermen. The men of the Royal Dublin Fusiliers were there too.\nThe main offensive by Irish nationalist troops during the Battle of the Somme came in September - by the men of the 16th Irish Division.\nThese were generally Catholic men, many of whom had been in the Irish Volunteers.\nThe assaults on the villages of Guillemont and Ginchy resulted in another brutal casualty rate - about 4,300 men killed or wounded in a six day period.\nThese two actions - in July and September 1916 - along with continual casualties throughout the battle, meant there was virtually no corner of Ireland left unaffected by the Somme.\nThe losses were felt even more keenly given the nature and make up of the 36th and 16th divisions.\nThey had been volunteers who, in many cases, came from the same streets, or worked alongside, or went to the same church, as the man standing beside them.\nThey knew each other well and dealt with the muck and mire together, killed for one another and watched each other die.\nFor those who survived the Battle of the Somme and the remaining two years of the war, the Ireland to which they returned was very different to that which they left.\nFor northern Protestant unionists, the sacrifice on French fields was seen as a price paid to ensure that Ulster would remain British.\nDemands were made of the British government and those demands were eventually met - six of Ulster's nine counties remained in the United Kingdom when Ireland was partitioned in 1922.\nFor its part, nationalism had some idea of 'blood sacrifice' too - Ireland had bled for Britain, and was deserving of her freedom.\nBut the drive for self-determination had been split by the war.\nIndeed, nationalists had fought for Britain in 1916, while others had rebelled against the crown's forces in the Easter Rising of that year.\nSome men managed to do both. Like Emmet Dalton - a winner of the Military Cross in 1916; an IRA man during the Irish War of Independence by 1919; and subsequently a Major General in the Irish Free State's National Army in 1922.\nAs time went on, the 36th Ulster Division passed into unionist lore and was commemorated on memorials and on Orange banners.\nThere were marches in its honour, and murals are still visible in Belfast.\nAs Northern Ireland descended into the civil unrest in the 1960s which would evolve into the Troubles, a newly formed paramilitary group took the name of the Ulster Volunteer Force.\nIt was a deliberate move to evoke memories of those volunteers from 50 years previous who had defended Ulster from Home Rule.\nTo the south, the memory of the 16th Irish Division was initially preserved, even after Ireland's partition. Thousands attended Armistice Day events in Dublin in the 1920s.\nGradually, however, the stature of those Irishmen who fought for the British in the First World War was eroded.\nRepublicans spoke out against the 'Poppy Day' parades and there were incidents of violence at events in the 1930s.\nWhen the Second World War broke out the 'Poppy Day' parades were banned to ensure Irish neutrality.\nThey resumed after the war, but the Irish Free State became a republic in 1949 and the soldiers who had died for king and empire were airbrushed from national memory.\nHowever, in recent years, that circle has turned.\nNow, there is recognition of the loss suffered by Irish families in the First World War - regardless of politics or religion.\nOn both sides of the border, in this centenary year, those from Ireland who fell during one of warfare's most bloody battles, will be remembered."]' != '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'He was 19 when he fought in the now infamous battle at Mametz Wood in northern France in 1916.\nOne of 237,000 men and boys from Wales to serve in the Great War, he survived. Tens of thousands didn\'t.\nIn one of the bloodiest battles of the Somme, 4,000 men from the 38th (Welsh) Division were killed or injured at Mametz Wood.\nIn BBC archive footage Albert Evans recalls how the line of men which advanced towards the wood "withered away" before his eyes.\n"The machine guns of the Germans were just spraying fire over the open site," he said. "You couldn\'t get near the wood."\nAuthor Peter Robinson from Burry Port, who has researched the division, described the first attack as a "disaster" as the men, outflanked by two machine guns, attempted to advance up a slope while evading gun fire.\n"Quite frankly it was a no hope situation," he said.\nFollowing that first abortive attempt to capture the heavily fortified wood, Major General Ivor Philipps, the officer commanding the 38th Division, was relieved of his role.\nControl was instead given to Major General Herbert Watts and a second attempt was made.\n"The wood was very thick and dense, the soldiers became very disorientated, but they pushed through and forced the Germans out," said Robinson.\nThe enemy may have been cleared but the 38th Division paid a heavy price.\nLord Thomas of Gresford recently highlighted the role of the Division in the House of Lords, describing the loss of men in the battle as a "huge tragedy for the whole of Wales".\nHe said 1,000 men from the Rhondda Regiment went in to battle that day, but only 135 men answered the roll call the following day.\n"The rest were either missing or wounded or most likely dead," he said.\nThe loss of life and casualties was so severe the 38th Division was out of action for almost a year.\nIn July 1917 it regrouped for the battle of Pilckem Ridge.\n"Pilckem Ridge was the start of what we now know as Passchendaele," said Mr Robinson. "It was another disaster."\nThe campaign on the Western Front was fought over the control of the ridges south and east of the Belgian city of Ypres in Flanders.\nBut as rain poured relentlessly, the battlefield turned into a shattered landscape of mud.\n"It\'s said it took six men to carry a stretcher and they were knee-deep in the mud," said Mr Robinson. "It was impossible."\nAway from the Western Front, Welsh recruits also saw action in places like Mesopotamia, Palestine and Gallipoli.\nMany also joined other divisions and fought across the battlefields of World War One.\nBetween 1914 and 1918, 237,000 men and boys from Wales served - more than a fifth of the male population at the time.\nAn estimated 38,000 lost their lives.\nFourteen were awarded the highest military honour, the Victoria Cross, but almost as many were shot for cowardice or desertion - a notion rejected by Lord Thomas.\n"They didn\'t recognise the stress disorders that we do today," he said.\n"I don\'t think it was cowardice at all. These people were put in an impossible position, a terror that drove people to desert their post."']'

Question: Harbour dredging in the port of Heysham in Lancashire is expected to cause disruption to Isle of Man ferry timings, according to operators.

The Steam Packet company said silting problems have forced the company to reschedule several sailings this week.
Work is ongoing to restore access to berths after a build-up of silt and sand during the winter storms.
Ferry Chief Mark Woodward said he expects the dredging to be completed in advance of the TT festival in June.
He added that the company was liaising with Heysham port to ensure timetable changes are "minimal and pre-planned".

The Isle of Man Steam Packet Company said the Manannan fast craft will operate a daily service to Liverpool from later on Friday.
Crossings to both Belfast and Dublin will resume in April.
The Ben-My-Chree will continue to operate a service between the Isle of Man and Heysham in Lancashire, said a spokesman.