Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: The Serious Fraud Office (SFO) has closed a criminal investigation into allegations of price-rigging in the Â£3tn-a-day foreign exchange market.

It was set up in 2014 to look into allegations of "fraudulent conduct".
Now the investigation is being brought to an end.
"This decision follows a thorough and independent investigation lasting over one and a half years and involving in excess of half a million documents," said an SFO statement.
The investigation began after material was passed to the SFO by the UK's Financial Conduct Authority (FCA).
The FCA refused to comment on the SFO development.
Six banks - HSBC, RBS, Swiss bank UBS and US banks JP Morgan Chase, Citibank and Bank of America - were collectively fined Â£2.6bn in 2014 by UK and US regulators over their traders' attempted manipulation of foreign exchange rates.
And in 2015, Barclays, JP Morgan, Citibank, RBS and UBS were fined by US authorities for misconduct in foreign exchange trading.
It had been alleged that traders used online chatrooms to plan the fixing of benchmark prices.
The SFO statement said it had concluded "based on the information and material we have obtained, that there is insufficient evidence for a realistic prospect of conviction".
"Whilst there were reasonable grounds to suspect the commission of offences involving serious or complex fraud, a detailed review of the available evidence led us to the conclusion that the alleged conduct, even if proven and taken at its highest, would not meet the evidential test required to mount a prosecution for an offence contrary to English law," it added.
"It has further been concluded that this evidential position could not be remedied by continuing the investigation."
The SFO said it would continue to liaise with the US Department of Justice over its investigation, launched in October 2013.
Mark Taylor, Dean and Professor of Finance at Warwick Business School, said: "I'm not really that surprised. They needed cast iron evidence of collusion.
"Obviously it's not strong enough to test in court. I don't blame the SFO if they didn't have the evidence.
"I'm sure there are a few relieved traders out there, to be honest. People might say there is an issue in that people got away with it, but they are innocent until proven guilty."
Mr Taylor, a former adviser to the Bank of England's Fair and Effective Markets Review, added: "It's time to move on. It would tarnish the reputation of the City more to have this dragged out over the next year or so."

The Swiss Competition Commission (Comco) said it will investigate seven banks including HSBC and UBS.
Comco said it had "indications" that the banks had "possibly concluded illegal competition defying deals".
US authorities have already sued several banks for metal price fixing.
Comco said its investigation will include Barclays, Deutsche Bank, Morgan Stanley, Mitsui, and Swiss bank Julius Baer, over what it said were "possible price fixing deals, especially in connection with spreads".
A "spread" is the difference between the bidding price and actual price of a commodity or other asset.
Trading in gold, silver, platinum and palladium is where the Swiss regulator is focusing its attention.
HSBC is already involved in a case of metal price-fixing in New York, where it is amongst several companies which were accused of having conspired since 2007 to rig the twice-daily platinum and palladium fixings.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: The number of people claiming unemployment-related benefits in Northern Ireland has fallen by 600.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

It is the first drop after three months of successive increases.
The total now stands at 37,900, according to official government-published figures for April.
They also reveal another drop in economic inactivity to its lowest rate since records began in 1995, although it remains a much worse problem locally than in the rest of the UK.
Economic inactivity refers to people who are neither in work or looking for a job.
In Northern Ireland, 26% of working-age adults are inactive, compared to a UK rate of 22%.
In late 2010, the local rate stood at 28%.
The last Northern Ireland Executive developed a strategy to tackle the problem, but it was not implemented due to budgetary pressures.
While overall the labour market data contains several improvements, Northern Ireland continues to lag behind the rest of the UK in numerous areas, including those in work.
The employment rate here is 69%, which is the lowest of the 12 UK regions.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The rate of unemployment remained at 5.1%, maintaining a decade-low rate.
Some 31.42 million are in work, 478,000 up on a year ago. The employment rate is 74.1%, the joint highest since current records began in 1971.
Average earnings went up by 2.1% in the year to January including bonuses, 0.2% higher than the previous month.
Excluding bonuses, the increase was 2.2%.
"With the Chancellor [George Osborne] setting the backdrop to this afternoon's Budget as one where the global 'storm clouds' are gathering, today's labour market figures offer a ray of sunshine," said Scott Bowman, UK economist at Capital Economics.
He added that the UK's jobs recovery remained "in full swing", but cautioned that wage growth was "still fairly subdued by past standards, especially considering how much the labour market has tightened recently".
The East of England saw the biggest fall in the number of unemployed people, down by 15,000, followed by the North East of England, down by 11,000. However, Scotland saw an increase of 16,000 in the number of jobless people.
The North East still has the highest rate of unemployment, at 7.8%, and the East of England has the lowest, at 3.6%.
In all, 22.94 million people were working full-time, 302,000 more than a year earlier, while 8.48 million were working part-time, an increase of 177,000 on a year earlier.
The number of people on the claimant count in February fell by 18,000 to 716,700, said the ONS.
The unemployment figures are based on a large survey, so they are estimates rather than precise figures.
For example, the figure of a 28,000 fall in unemployment has a margin of error of plus or minus 79,000, which means the ONS is 95% confident that the actual change in unemployment is between an increase of 51,000 and a fall of 107,000.
Earlier this month, the US Labor Department said the US economy added 242,000 jobs in February, far better than the 190,000 expected by economists.
The US unemployment rate remains at 4.9%, an eight-year low.
Eurostat, the EU's statistical agency, has said the eurozone's unemployment rate in January fell to its lowest rate since August 2011.
The jobless rate in the 19-country eurozone declined to 10.3% in January from 10.4% in December, while the number of people unemployed in the eurozone fell by 105,000 to 16.65 million.


Question: Represent the next text

Question: Jonathan Davies and Ross Moriarty could return from injury in time for the British and Irish Lions' match against the Maori All Blacks on Saturday.

Centre Davies had a head injury assessment after the Lions' win over the Crusaders.
Fellow Welshman Moriarty, meanwhile, has not played since straining his back in the opening tour victory against the Provincial Barbarians.
"Both are back in training," said Lions assistant coach Neil Jenkins.
"Jonathan is still going through protocols from his head injury assessment stuff from last week.
"Ross has been back in training. He's done a little bit of running.
"Hopefully, fingers crossed, they'll both be available for Saturday."
If fit, Davies could be in contention to start in the Lions' first Test against New Zealand on 24 June.
The 29-year-old has impressed on the tour so far, and finished the domestic season strongly with Scarlets.
Moriarty, meanwhile, faces competition from the likes of CJ Stander, James Haskell and Peter O'Mahony for a starting place as blind-side flanker.
Both he and Davies could further their cases for inclusion when the Lions face Maori All Blacks on Saturday, aiming for a third win from their first five tour matches.
"Obviously the All Blacks are an outstanding side, but so are the Super Rugby sides as well," said Jenkins.
"I've no doubt the Maoris won't be too dissimilar on Saturday, bringing a bit of physicality to it as well.
"They've got some pretty talented players in that backline, and that's not being disrespectful to the forwards.
"We're expecting a tough, physical, fast game of rugby on Saturday, like another Test match."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Wales have arrived in New Zealand with the first Test on 11 June.
Warren Gatland's side were defeated 27-13 by England before departing and Foster thinks it was a useful exercise.
"They'll be better for the hit out and whilst it may have cost them a player or two, I'm sure it benefited them as a group," he said.
Foster continued, "What I know of Warren is that they will come down really well prepared and with a really good understanding of what they have to do on the park."
Ospreys flanker Dan Lydiate has been ruled out of the New Zealand tour after injuring his shoulder in Sunday's defeat by England.
Cardiff Blues' uncapped 23-year-old open-side Ellis Jenkins has been added to the touring party.
New Zealand have called up six uncapped players for June's Test series against Wales, which begins at Auckland's Eden Park on Saturday, 11 June.
Steve Hansen's side host Wales in Wellington a week later on 18 June with the final Test taking place in Dunedin on 25 June.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: Levels of unconscious racist and sexist bias have been reduced by manipulating the way the brain learns during sleep.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

A team at Northwestern University, Chicago, played sounds while people slept to trigger and enforce memories of an exercise earlier in the day.
The trial on 40 people, published in the journal Science, showed the changes lasted at least a week.
Experts said the findings had potential in many situations, but also raised ethical questions.
Sexual and racial prejudice are common but may often be unintentional, says the Northwestern team.
They cite studies in computer games when people chose to shoot black characters more often than white ones or men being favoured over women despite having identical job applications.
People's prejudices were assessed with a series of publicly available tests at the start of the study.
They were then given "counter-bias training". During the session, pictures of faces were paired with words that were the opposite of widely-held stereotypes.
So female faces were paired with words like "maths" or black faces with positive words like "sunshine".
Distinctive sounds were played during the counter-bias training and were played again at low volume during a 90-minute afternoon nap.
The result was a reduction in sexual and racial bias scores, which persisted for at least a week.
So could this really make someone less sexist or racist?
Prof Ken Paller, the director of the cognitive neuroscience programme at Northwestern University, told the BBC News website: "We didn't have people interact with or make decisions about other people, so that sort of experiment is needed to know the full effects of the methods we used.
"But we suggest that modifying unconscious social bias is likely to influence the extent to which decisions are influenced by racist or sexist attitudes."
He argues the technique may have potential in tackling addiction or unhealthy eating.
In a commentary, Gordon Feld and Jan Born from the University of Tubingen praised the study saying: "This is the first to demonstrate that this method can be used to break long-lived, highly pervasive response habits deeply rooted in memory."
But they cautioned that sleep was a vulnerable state in which people did not have "wilful consciousness".
They added: "However, Aldous Huxley's description of a dystopian 'brave new world' where young children are conditioned to certain values during sleep reminds us that this research also needs to be guided by ethical considerations."
Prof Paller said there were similarities to subliminal advertising and that there was an ethical discussion to be had.
However, he continued: "More importantly, perhaps, is the question of whether people in positions of authority in society, such as judges and police officers, and perhaps people who make hiring decisions, should have their unconscious bias evaluated and perhaps trained to some standard."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

These generalised perceptions of groups of individuals are an unintentional consequence of information sharing, the scientists claim.
And far from being fixed, they evolve and strengthen as they pass from person to person.
The work was carried out by a team at the University of Aberdeen.
Stereotyping represents a view of other people based on perceptions of a social group and the shared attributes that people within that group are considered to possess.
For example, a typical stereotypical view of salesmen is that they are "confident, talkative and pushy".
To address the genesis of such stereotypes, Dr Doug Martin and colleagues from the University of Aberdeen's Person Perception Lab designed an experiment using aliens - an approach previously used to study the origins and evolution of language.
The aliens they invented each had a different colour, shape and set of personality traits; such as arrogance, pushiness or selfishness.
The team then asked a volunteer to learn the characteristics assigned to each one. The information retained by the volunteer was then fed down a communication chain.
What started out as jumbled and complex individual characteristics and traits ended up encompassed in sets of stereotypes.
Character traits became inextricably linked with form and colour - for example, blue aliens might be perceived as arrogant, pushy and untrusting.
As Dr Martin explained: "Information becomes simpler, more structured and more learnable over time" - so much so that the people at the end of the chain were far more knowledgeable than those at the start.
"It's essentially what stereotypes are - massively over-simplified but easily learnable associations between social groups and bits of information," Dr Martin told BBC News.
As the stereotypes evolved, the attributes associated with each group became increasingly polarised.
"It's almost as if at the end of a chain you have the good guys and you have the bad guys", he said.
But are stereotypes fixed? Dr Martin doesn't think so.
"To consider them fixed certainly doesn't represent them fully because stereotypes clearly have changed over time," he said.
According to Dr Martin, the June 1918 edition of Ladies' Home Journal points out "The generally accepted rule is pink for boys and blue for girls???" If true, this is one stereotype that hasn't stood the test of time.
So what will Dr Martin and his team of volunteers - both human and alien - be doing in the future?
"Now we've established that stereotypes can form and change over time via social transmission we now want to see if we can manipulate these," he said.
When asked if stereotypes were an inevitable consequence of society and communication, Dr Martin opined: "We structure the world in a categorical way - it seems our brains are set up to do that.
"People who want to eliminate stereotypes are missing the point."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The pound hit a seven-month high against the dollar, pushing as high as $1.2917 at one point, but shares fell.

Sterling later fell back below the $1.29 mark, reaching $1.2893. Analysts said the rise was partly due to polls putting Prime Minister Theresa May well ahead of the opposition.
The dollar also suffered from some disappointment over the lack of detail in Donald Trump's tax reform plans.
Sterling also rose against the euro, climbing 0.7% to 1.1870 euros.
On the stock market, the FTSE 100 index, which often moves inversely to the direction of the pound, closed down 51.55 points, or 0.71%, at 7,237.17.
A number of shares were trading lower after turning ex-dividend - or trading without the right to the latest dividend - including Legal & General, ITV and Informa.
Shares in private hospital group Mediclinic jumped 17.5% after the Abu Dhabi government dropped the need for a 20% co-payment for treatment at private facilities.
Last year, Mediclinic had bought Abu Dhabi private hospital group Al Noor for $1.7bn just before the government introduced the measure.
Lloyds Banking Group shares rose 2.3% as investors welcomed its first-quarter results.
Pre-tax profits at the bank doubled to Â£1.3bn, while its underlying profit edged up 1% to Â£2.1bn, beating analysts' forecasts.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Easyjet fell 6% in the wake of the announcement, making it the biggest loser on the FTSE 100 share index.
The pound has recently been under pressure as worries over the Brexit process persist.
Overall, the FTSE 100 was down 8.89 points or 0.13% at 7,024.36.
This week, sterling has hit a 31-year low against the dollar and a five-year low against the euro.
The currency has fallen on worries that the UK will be prepared to leave the EU single market as part of the Brexit process so that it can impose controls on immigration.
In morning trading on Thursday, it notched up further slight falls, sliding 0.34% against the dollar to $1.2706 and 0.19% against the euro to €1.1356.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: Judges at the UK's highest court have ruled against the Scottish government's Named Person scheme.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Opponents of the scheme appealed to the Supreme Court in London after their case was dismissed by the Court of Session in Edinburgh last year.
The system would appoint a named person - usually a teacher or health visitor - to ensure the wellbeing of every child.
Judges say some proposals breach rights to privacy and a family life under the European Convention on Human Rights.
The court said the aim of the Act, which is intended to promote and safeguard the rights and wellbeing of children and young people, was "unquestionably legitimate and benign".
However, judges said specific proposals about information-sharing "are not within the legislative competence of the Scottish Parliament".
And they said the legislation made it "perfectly possible" that confidential information about a young person could be disclosed to a "wide range of public authorities without either the child or young person or her parents being aware".
The Scottish government has said it will not commence the legislation until the problems are fixed - meaning it will be delayed until after its intended implementation date of 31 August. It is understood the government still hopes to roll out the system before the end of the year.
Education Secretary John Swinney said the government would move to "provide greater clarity" about information-sharing and would start work immediately on the necessary legislative amendments.
The Scottish government has also indicated that proposed changes to the named person legislation would be scrutinised by MSPs at Holyrood, which is in recess until the start of September.
A spokesman for the group that launched the challenge said the "state snooper" scheme had been "blocked" and the government must go back to the "drawing board".
He called for "intrusive data-sharing powers" to be scrapped.
The ruling by Supreme Court judges - two of whom are Scottish - does not mean the controversial Named Person legislation cannot ever be implemented.
It simply means the Scottish government must make some changes to the law to ensure it complies fully with the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR).
The charities opposed to the scheme had already seen judges at the Court of Session in Edinburgh rule on two occasions that it could go ahead.
The appeal to the UK Supreme Court was on a claim that it breached ECHR.
The judges said in general terms the law - part of the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 - did comply.
But they ruled some changes are required to the scheme.
In particular the way in which information could be shared by named persons and others was ruled non-compliant.
The court has said the Scottish government must provide greater clarity about how health visitors, teachers and other professionals who will be Named Persons will share and receive information in their role.
Ministers said they will start work on this immediately.
Although the provisions of the legislation were due to be implemented at the end of August 2016, it will now be delayed until changes can be made.
The Scottish government contend that the system would help to protect young people and has accused opponents of misrepresenting the legislation, which was approved by 103 votes to nil by MSPs when it formed part of the Children and Young People Act in 2014.
The Supreme Court heard two days of evidence in March on the case.
The appeal was brought by the No to Named Persons (NO2NP) coalition, which includes the Christian Institute, Care (Christian Action Research and Education), Tyme Trust and the Family Education Trust.
They tried to convince the panel of five Supreme Court judges that the named person legislation authorised "unjustified and unjustifiable state interference with family rights".
Their arguments had previously been dismissed as "hyperbole" by the Court of Session, which said named person did not diminish the role of parents and had "no effect whatsoever on the legal, moral or social relationships within the family".
And while the Supreme Court did not oppose the legislation in principle, it said information-sharing proposals interfered with privacy and family life.
NO2NP spokesman Simon Calvert said he was "delighted" with the court's decision, saying it "proves our concerns were properly founded".
He added: "This proposed scheme was intrusive, incomprehensible and illegal.
"This ruling means the Scottish government has been blocked from implementing this scheme on 31 August. It must scrap its plan for state snoopers with intrusive data sharing powers. It has to go back to the legislative drawing board.
"The Big Brother scheme is history."
The Scottish government wants Scotland to be "the best place in the world for children to grow up".
It has said that most children and young people get all the help and support they need from their parents, wider family and community, but sometimes they might need a bit of extra support.
As part of its Getting it Right for Every Child strategy, the government proposed giving all children and young people from birth to 18 years access to a named person under the Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014.
The Scottish government says the named person is intended to be single point of contact if a child or their parents want information or advice, or if they want to talk about any worries and seek support.
They will also be a point of contact for other services if they have any concerns about a child's wellbeing.
The law had been due to come into force across the country on 31 August of this year, although the policy had already been rolled out in parts of Scotland, including Highland, Edinburgh, Fife, Angus and South Ayrshire.
Mr Swinney said the government would start work to amend the legislation "immediately", so that the scheme can still be rolled out "at the earliest possible date".
He welcomed the judgement as a sign that "the attempt to scrap the named person service has failed".
Read more about named person here
Scottish Conservative leader Ruth Davidson said the ruling was "important" and "a victory for campaigners" against "illiberal, invasive and deeply flawed" legislation.
She added: "Simply put, the SNP does not know better than parents when it comes to raising their children.
"We have consistently argued against the named person legislation on grounds of principle and practicality.
"I hope today's ruling will make the SNP stop and think again."
Labour is broadly in favour of named person in principle, but has previously called for a "pause" to ensure it is introduced "properly and proportionally".
Education spokesman Iain Gray said the handling of the scheme had been "a shambles from the very beginning".
He said: "Labour will always support the need to protect vulnerable children and ensure that families get the support they need and deserve.
"In light of this ruling, however, the implementation of this scheme must be paused for as long as it takes to sort it properly. That is the case Scottish Labour have made for many months now and it is more compelling than ever following the court decision."
Ross Greer of the Scottish Greens said his party would continue to give its full support to named person, but called on the Scottish government to do more to build public confidence and better explain what the scheme means in practice.
The Scottish Liberal Democrats submitted a motion calling for parliament to be urgently recalled.
Education spokesman Tavish Scott said: "A recall of parliament is the only way to ensure that reforms receive the scrutiny required. This is not a decision for a minority minister to make in his office. It needs full parliamentary approval."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

31 March 2017 Last updated at 15:41 BST
Featuring the triggering of Article 50, the Scottish Parliament approving a call for a second independence referendum and a proposed crackdown on terrorists using social media.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A Shrewsbury school will close for the final time later.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

A decision to shut Wakeman School and Art College was made by Shropshire Council in 2011 because of "unsustainable" pupil numbers.
Just 18 students remain at the building, which will house part of Shrewsbury Sixth Form College from September.
Head teacher Karen Moore called the closure "unnecessary". The council said it had been a "hard decision to take".
Ms Moore said: "It's a waste of talent.
"It doesn't save any money and it certainly doesn't improve education across the county."
In a statement, Shropshire Council said the closure "was the right decision for the future of education in Shropshire".

London Welsh School will move from Wembley and relocate to the nearby Hanwell Community Centre after Brent Council decided to close the site.
The school's 30 pupils will be in the new building for the start of the school year in September.
Chairwoman of governors, Eleri Brady, said: "We are delighted that the future of the school is safe."
The school had to leave the current site by the end of the summer term under plans to expand the nearby Stonebridge school.
It has also had confirmation from the Welsh government that it can receive full funding for the next three years.
Ms Brady told BBC Wales' Welsh language news website Cymru Fyw: "Hopefully this will be an opportunity to attract new families from west London."


Question:
this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

E.g. given '['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Fulham scored four first-half goals to earn a comfortable win at Bristol City.']' it should be close to '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.', 'They struck inside two minutes through Moussa Dembele\'s tap-in from close range and he added a second by finishing Tom Cairney\'s cross.\nRoss McCormack curled in a free-kick from 30 yards just after the half-hour and there was worse to come for City.\nRyan Tunnicliffe made it 4-0 after lobbing keeper Frank Fielding, before Jonathan Kodjia scored an injury-time consolation for Bristol City.\nMedia playback is not supported on this device\nThe result left City just a point above the relegation zone, with only Charlton, Rotherham and Bolton below them, while Fulham moved up to 10th, four points outside the play-off places.\nThe damage was done in the first 36 minutes, with Dembele firstly firing home from six yards after James Husband got behind City\'s defence.\nAden Flint\'s ill-advised crossfield pass was then intercepted by McCormack, who fed Cairney and his delivery from the right allowed Dembele to side-foot home his second at the far post.\nMcCormack\'s sweetly-struck free-kick and Tunnicliffe\'s goal after running onto a bouncing ball that split City\'s back-line put Fulham out of reach.\nCity at least managed to get on the scoresheet as Kodjia converted a cross from substitute Simon Cox, shooting first time past Andy Lonergan from eight yards.\nBristol City manager Steve Cotterill:\n"We made a couple of mistakes to give Fulham a leg-up in the game and we are very disappointed with the goals conceded.\n"We came up against opponents with that bit more quality than us and they took their chances. We have to create more opportunities than our rivals to score goals.\n"We are in for training tomorrow and will dust ourselves down in time to face Wolves on Tuesday."\nFulham boss Kit Symons:\n"First half I thought we were excellent and took our goals really well.\n"We could have put the game to bed in the second half with a couple of early chances, but Bristol City kept on going and made it more difficult for us."\nOn 19-year-old striker Moussa Dembele: "Talks over a new contract are in progress and we want him to sign."']' but not to '['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', "However, the draw did extend Chelsea's lead at top of the Premier League to nine points.\nLiverpool keeper Mignolet made up for his first-half embarrassment when he was beaten by David Luiz's superb free-kick from 25 yards.\nGeorginio Wijnaldum's close-range header in the second-half gave Liverpool a draw they fully deserved, ending a run of three home losses in a row.\nHowever, it could have been much better for Chelsea and worse for Liverpool when Costa went to ground 14 minutes from the end.\nReferee Mark Clattenburg pointed to the spot but Mignolet dived low to his right to save the Spain striker's spot-kick.\nArsenal 1-2 Watford: Arsenal's Premier League title hopes suffered a huge blow with a shock home defeat as Watford secured their first top-flight win over the Gunners since 1988.\nBournemouth 0-2 Crystal Palace: Crystal Palace finally earned a Premier League victory under Sam Allardyce as goals by Scott Dann and Christian Benteke secured the points against Bournemouth away at a rain-swept Vitality Stadium.\nBurnley 1-0 Leicester City: Burnley secured their fifth home Premier League win in a row with victory over Leicester at Turf Moor, thanks to Sam Vokes' late goal.\nMiddlesbrough 1-1 West Bromwich Albion: Middlesbrough came back from a goal down but were left frustrated as a hard-working West Brom claimed a point at the Riverside Stadium.\nSwansea City 2-1 Southampton: Swansea boosted their Premier League survival hopes and secured back-to-back wins for the first time this season with a spirited victory over Southampton.\nSunderland 0-0 Tottenham: Title-chasing Tottenham had to settle for a point at the Stadium of Light as Sunderland climbed off the bottom of the table with a hard-fought draw."]'.

Question: Brendan Rodgers has reminded Mario Balotelli about "the culture in English football, and in particular, Liverpool" after he swapped shirts with Real Madrid's Pepe at half-time.

Media playback is not supported on this device
The Italian, 24, made the swap shortly before being replaced by Adam Lallana in the Champions League group match.
Liverpool were losing 3-0 at the time.
Liverpool manager Rodgers said: "As long as he's doing his best that's all I can ask for. Whether his best will be good enough, remains to be seen."
"But that's the same for every player - not just for Mario."
"Any action with Balotelli over the shirt swap will of course be kept within ourselves.
"We had a conversation on the culture in this country and, in particular, Liverpool - and that was it - matter closed."
But Rodgers insisted the £16m summer transfer window signing is working hard to turn his barren run of one goal in 10 games around.
"Longer term, we will see how that works out for him," he added.
"Certainly he is working hard on the training field to improve his opportunities to play in the team and to score goals."
Former Liverpool defender Mark Lawrenson said it was "sheer madness" for Balotelli to do the shirt swap with Pepe.
Media playback is not supported on this device
The BBC football analyst believes Rodgers should fine the player and drop him.
"It is all about Mario Balotelli. He lives in his own little world, but there is no 'I' in team," he said.
Liverpool lost 3-0 and lie third in their Champions League group.
The result followed a dramatic 3-2 win over QPR in the Premier League at the weekend - a game in which Lawrenson felt Balotelli underperformed.
He added: "Balotelli is 24 years old and a dad. Everybody thought it was time for him to settle down, but, if anything, he is getting worse.
"At Queens Park Rangers on Sunday he gave a non-performance, and then last night, it was sheer madness.
"Rodgers will fine him, probably a couple of weeks wages, and pick Rickie Lambert instead at the weekend."
Lawrenson, who won five league championships and a European Cup during seven seasons at Anfield, also criticised the Italian's poor work rate.
He added: "Everyone can forgive you if you miss chances, but you have to give everything to the team. Does he do that? I don't think so. I'm one of millions of Liverpool fans thinking, 'What is he doing?'
"At least Rickie Lambert will give everything."

His first spell at the club saw him win the Premier League twice, the FA Cup, the League Cup twice and the Community Shield.
He was one of the most colourful characters in the British game and has since enjoyed success at Inter Milan and Real Madrid before returning to London.
BBC Sport looks at some of Mourinho's best quotes and controversies.
On becoming Chelsea manager for the first time: "I have top players and I'm sorry, we have a top manager. Please do not call me arrogant because what I say is true. I'm European champion, I'm not one out of the bottle, I think I'm a special one."
On bird flu: "I'm feeling a lot of pressure with the swan in Scotland. It's not far and I'm more scared of the swan than of football. What's football compared to life? A swan with bird flu, for me that's a drama."
On drinking wine with then-Manchester United manager Sir Alex Ferguson: "After the game, after the press conference, we were together in my office. The wine we were drinking was very bad and he was complaining. When we go to Old Trafford it's my birthday and I will go with a beautiful bottle of Portuguese wine."
Media playback is not supported on this device
On eggs: "Omelettes, eggs. No eggs, no omelettes. And it depends on the quality of the eggs in the supermarket. They are class one, two or three and some are more expensive than others and some give you better omelettes. When the class one eggs are not available you have a problem."
On being sacked: "If the club decide to sack me because of bad results that's part of the game. If it happens I will be a millionaire and get another club a couple of months later."
On Chelsea's pitch: "Sometimes you see beautiful people with no brains. Sometimes you have ugly people who are intelligent, like scientists. Our pitch is a bit like that. From the top it's a disgrace but the ball rolls at normal speed."
On playing Chelsea, while manager of Real Madrid: "If I play them in the Champions League, I want to go there and kill them - that's my message,"
Then-Liverpool manager Rafael Benitez: "If Chelsea are naive and pure then I'm Little Red Riding Hood."
Then-Sheffield United manager Neil Warnock: "My wife will be glad about Mourinho coming to Bramall Lane because he's a good looking swine, isn't he?"
Career record up to 1 June 2013
Former Chelsea striker Eidur Gudjohnsen: "When Mourinho says training will last one-and-a-half hours it will never last a second longer."
Then-Chelsea striker Didier Drogba's reaction to Mourinho leaving the London club: "I find Jose's 'eviction' hard to take. I could not see the blow coming so brutally.
"It changes an awful lot of things. I am in the sort of nervous state I've never dreamed about before. Many of us used to play first and foremost for the manager. Now we need to forget those feelings and find another source of motivation."
Ian Holloway on Mourinho's sacking by Chelsea: "Football has gone mad. He is one of the best managers in the world. I'm devastated. I was learning from him from afar. He makes you feel 25-foot tall and I'm going to sorely miss him."
Barcelona vice-president Carles Vilarrubi on Mourinho's return to Chelsea: "It is not good for English football. If Mourinho behaves like he did in Spain it will only be an unhappy relationship. In his three years in Spain he only created disagreements and arguments. I am happy he is leaving and so is everyone in Spanish football."
February 2005: After Chelsea's 2-1 defeat against Barcelona in the first leg of their last-16 clash, Mourinho wrongly accused Barcelona coach Frank Rijkaard of visiting referee Anders Frisk at half-time. Mourinho is fined £8,900, given a two-match touchline ban and called an "enemy of football" by the head of Uefa's referees committee Volker Roth.
March 2005: Mourinho is fined £5,000 after he alleged Manchester United players were guilty of "fault and fault and cheat and cheat" during a Carling Cup semi-final clash.
June 2005: Mourinho is fined £200,000, which is reduced to £75,000 on appeal, for meeting then-Arsenal player Ashley Cole, without his club's consent.
January to March 2010: While manager of Inter Milan, Mourinho is fined three times in as many months by the Italian Football Federation.
December 2010: Mourinho is banned for one Champions League match after being found guilty of improper conduct. It follows the dismissal of Real Madrid players Xabi Alonso and Sergio Ramos during a Champions League game against Ajax.
August 2011: Mourinho, now in charge of Real Madrid, pokes Barcelona's then-assistant manager Tito Vilanova in the eye during touchline exchanges after a stormy Spanish Super Cup tie.
January 2013: After dropping club captain Iker Casillas before the mid-winter break, reports emerge in the Spanish press of disagreements between Mourinho and some of his senior players. Stories continue to appear throughout the rest of the season about disharmony in the squad, with centre-back Pepe the latest to fall foul of Mourinho last month.
May 2013: In a bad-tempered Copa del Rey final defeat by neighbours Atletico Madrid, Mourinho is sent from the bench for furiously protesting a decision from the referee. He was jeered by sections of the Real support during his final game in charge against Osasuna.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A woman who fell down a cliff face in South Australia has been rescued after the family dog raised the alarm.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Sue Pethnick, 55, was walking her red heeler at Gleesons Landing, a beach camping spot on the Yorke Peninsula.
She fell down a sandy embankment on Monday afternoon and broke her leg. The dog returned to the nearby campsite where her husband Michael was waiting.
"Abby the wonder dog, then led the man back to the cliff face several hundred metres away," SA Police said.
Paramedics and rescue crews arrived and the woman was flown by helicopter to the Royal Adelaide Hospital in a stable condition.
"She's certainly a little hero now," Mr Pethnick told the Australian Broadcasting Corp.
"I've just pulled a big bone out of the freezer so when that defrosts she'll get that."

10 October 2013 Last updated at 11:01 BST
Emergency teams had to tie ropes around the sheep and pull them to safety, as they dangled over the sea below.
The sheep had been stuck for several days.
All the action was caught on cameras attached to the rescuers helmets.
The rescue went to plan and the animals are now fine.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: A second suspect wanted in the death of a US border official has been extradited to the US, in a case linked to a botched gun-running sting.

Lionel Portillo-Meza pleaded not guilty in the death of Brian Terry in an Arizona court on Wednesday.
Weapons found at the scene of his death were linked to a US anti-gun-running scheme called Fast and Furious.
Under the programme, the US allowed criminals to purchase guns in order to trace them to major arms traffickers.
But US agents lost track of 1,400 of the firearms, including the ones believed to have killed Terry.
A US justice department report has cited 14 people for possible disciplinary action for their roles in the programme.
Mr Portillo-Meza was arrested in Mexico in 2012.  He was flown to the US on Tuesday.
He has been charged with murder, as well as assault and other charges.
"This development brings us one step closer to achieving justice for a beloved agent who paid the highest price in protecting this country," said US Attorney for Southern California Laura Duffy.
"While there is nothing that can be done to bring Agent Terry home again, we hope this news will bring some level of comfort."
Another man, Manuel Osorio-Arellanes, was sentenced to 30 years in prison in February for the 2010 murder, which occurred as Osorio-Arellanes and his gang engaged in a firefight with US border agents in rural Arizona.
The US justice department announced a $1m (Â£589,000) reward in 2012 for information leading to the arrest of Mr Portillo-Meza, and three others.
Two of the men remain fugitives, while the third is waiting in Mexican custody for extradition.
Robert Heyer, Terry's cousin and the family's spokesman, said they were "thankful that Mexican authorities have continued to work with us".
"The family has gotten really good at not having high expectations and knowing that things are going to take lots of time," Mr Heyer said.
"They have become very patient over the last three-plus years. So we don't celebrate many things."
Mr Portillo-Meza pleaded not guilty to first-degree murder, second-degree murder and other charges.

A spokesman for the US authorities said the operation had targeted high-level members of the cartel.
The spokesman said the operation had dealt a strong blow to the criminal organisation.
It comes weeks after the leader of the Sinaloa cartel, Joaquin Guzman was arrested after six months on the run.
Inside the feared Sinaloa cartel
'El Chapo' Guzman and the Sinaloa cartel
The spokesman, for the US Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agency said they had helped Mexican police target a Sinaloa cartel cell operating around the Mexican city of Sonoyta, along the border with the US state of Arizona.
He said it was responsible for importing millions of dollars of illegal drugs, including cannabis, heroin, cocaine and methamphetamine into the US from Mexico during its existence.
The operation was conducted in total secrecy with police working in both Lukeville and Sonoyta, bordering cities that are on the route to the Puerto Penasco, the popular beach destination many Americans know as Rocky Point.
Mexican police officers had been allowed into the US to keep them safe during the operations the US immigration authorities had said.
The arrests are the latest blow to the Sinaloa cartel, following the recapture of Guzman, also known as "El Chapo" (Shorty).
He was arrested a few weeks ago after six months on the run, following his second escape from a high-security Mexican prison.
According to Forbes Magazine, Guzman is the world's most powerful drug trafficker.
The cartel is responsible for an estimated 25% of all illegal drugs that enter the U.S. via Mexico.
Drug enforcement experts estimate, conservatively, that the cartel's annual revenues may exceed $3 billion.
This February the city of Chicago branded him the first "Public Enemy No. 1" since Al Capone.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Andy Murray guided Great Britain back to the Davis Cup World Group for the first time since 2008 with victory over Croatia's Ivan Dodig on the Umag clay.

The Wimbledon champion beat Dodig 6-4 6-2 6-4 to give Britain an unassailable 3-1 lead in the best-of-five play-off.
Murray, 26, was untroubled by the world number 35 and showed no signs of a recent back injury.
British number two Dan Evans won his dead rubber against Mate Pavic 6-4 7-6 (7-4) to clinch a 4-1 triumph.
Andy is such a good player and so experienced. I did not have to say much, so it was more putting an ice towel round his neck.
World number three Murray, playing his first Davis Cup tie for two years, was instrumental in Britain's success, winning both his singles matches and combining with Colin Fleming to win Saturday's doubles rubber.
Britain will face another of the world's top 16 nations in the first round of the World Group in February, with the draw taking place on Wednesday.
And Murray is eager to be involved.
"If I'm fit and healthy, I will be there to play," the British number one told BBC Sport. "A couple of years ago that wasn't the case when I sat down with [captain] Leon Smith.
"I wanted the younger guys to step up and experience it. There was no use us being in the World Group because we weren't ready for it.
"But now I think we are ready to do well. We have a top doubles team. Dan (Evans) and James (Ward) will continue to improve and we've got the makings of a very solid team."
After breaking Dodig, 28, in the first game of their match, Murray was pegged back to 2-2 before immediately breaking again.
From then on, the Scot dictated play to win the first set in 47 minutes before rattling through the second with a double break.
The match ended amid controversy when a Dodig winner, which would have given him a break point, was overruled by the umpire after Murray pointed to a mark on the clay.
The home crowd booed as Murray won the ensuing match point before celebrating on court with his team-mates.
"I thought it was a pretty good match. I gave him very few opportunities on my serve," added Murray.
"Murray had a steely look in his eye from the very first point, and by breaking Dodig's serve in the very first game, drained what little self-belief Croatia's number one had taken into the match.
"The first set was a contest, but Murray was a class apart, and had the ability to break Dodig's serve at regular intervals.
"Britain have come a long way under captain Leon Smith, and with Murray indicating his enthusiasm to play in the World Group if fit, an exciting opportunity lies ahead."
"It got pretty hostile towards the end. It was good to go through in that kind of atmosphere. You don't see that much in Grand Slam matches, and it is good for character-building.
"The thing is, when the crowds get like that you have to tell yourself it's because they are frustrated that their team is losing. I managed to stay cool at the end."
Looking ahead to the draw, Murray said: "I would just like a home tie, in a big arena, against one of the top teams.
"It is an incredibly difficult competition to win because some of the teams have so much depth. It depends on the ties and whether you are at home.
"We could easily draw Spain away in the first round and that would be an ugly match-up for us - very difficult to win.
"But it's possible to go deep into the competition. Let's enjoy this just now and wait and see the draw on Wednesday."
Captain Smith, who has won seven of his eight ties since his appointment in 2010, paid tribute to Murray's role in the success.
"Andy is such a good player and so experienced," said Smith. "I did not have to say much, so it was more putting an ice towel round his neck.
"It was more about knowing when to say things, rather than just blurting things. Everyone has played a big part in this, and I hope that everyone has bought into the team spirit."

Leon Smith again captains the team and Wimbledon champion Andy Murray will be joined by Dan Evans, Kyle Edmund, Jamie Murray and Dominic Inglot.
The four players to contest the tie at the Emirates Arena from 16-18 September will be announced on 15 September.
The winners of the tie will face either Croatia or France in the final, which runs from 25-27 November.
Smith, who will also have Liam Broady with him as a non-playing member of the squad, said: "We are leaving no stone unturned in our preparations and I know that our team will give their best effort and fight for every point in this tie."
He added that it meant a lot to the team to be playing in Glasgow again after winning twice there en route to their Davis Cup triumph last year.
"The venue is full of such positive memories for us all," said Smith. "The support... it has been just incredible. I can't wait to hear that again."
Britain, who beat Belgium in Ghent last year to win the Davis Cup for the first time since 1938, have won only one of their previous four competition encounters with Argentina.
The only South American team in the World Group, Argentina defeated Poland and Italy en route to the last four.
Their team will feature Juan Martin del Potro, the man Murray defeated in last month's Olympic final in Rio.
Joining Del Potro in the Argentina squad are world number 43 Federico Delbonis, Guido Pella, who is ranked 51, and 117th-ranked Leonardo Mayer.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Royal Mail shares have fallen after the company reported lower profits and increased its target for cost savings.

Its shares slid 7.6% to their lowest level since March, and the company was the biggest faller on the FTSE 100, the UK's main share index.
Operating profit before transformation costs for the six months to 25 September fell 5% to £320m from £342m.
Royal Mail is now seeking cost savings of £600m a year, up from a previous target of £500m.
Royal Mail reported a 1% rise in revenue to £4.6bn for the half year to 25 September, but analysts said this was lower than forecast.
The trend of fewer letters being sent through the post continued, with total letter revenues falling by 3%, although parcel revenues grew by 3%.
"The fall in the volume of letters and an 8% dip in marketing mail after the Brexit vote in June is causing concern about what can be assumed going forward," said David Kerstens, equity analyst at Jefferies.
He added that pension costs were set to rise sharply and that cost savings would be very hard to achieve without sacrificing quality of service.
Moya Greene, Royal Mail's chief executive. said the Christmas period would be crucial for the full-year results.
"Extensive planning, which began in the spring, will help us to manage our busiest time," she said. "This includes the recruitment of over 19,000 temporary staff and opening nine temporary parcel sort centres."
Also on Thursday, Royal Mail competitor UK Mail - which is being bought by Deutsche Post - said half-year revenues had fallen to £230m from £237m a year earlier, although pre-tax profits rose to £5.8m from £2.2m.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Admiral Insurance - which has offices in Cardiff, Newport and Swansea - said profits rose to Â£193m for the six months to June 30 - its highest ever interim results.
But its shares fell 7.4%, after it said the UK referendum vote had affected the business.
It also warned of extra Brexit risks, including exchange-rate volatility.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: New York's financial regulator has called on firms to submit proposals to set up "regulated" exchanges for digital currencies like Bitcoin.

The state's Department of Financial Services (NYDFS) said it wanted to better protect consumers, and prevent money-laundering.
It comes as a top Bitcoin exchange, Mt Gox, filed for bankruptcy last month.
Bitcoins have been gaining in popularity recently, but they are not governed by any financial regulator.
"The fact is that virtual currencies are unlikely to disappear entirely," said Benjamin Lawsky, New York's superintendent of financial services.
"As such, turning a blind eye and failing to put in place guardrails for virtual currency firms while consumers use that product is simply not a tenable strategy for regulators."
The lack of any regulatory control or oversight of Bitcoins has triggered concerns on various fronts.
It is difficult to trace transactions carried out using Bitcoins - one of the factors behind their popularity - and the currency has been linked to illegal activity online.
Bitcoins are also seen by some as a route for tax evasion and money laundering.
Russia has declared transactions using the digital currency illegal, China has banned its banks from handling Bitcoin trades, and there have been calls for the US to do the same.
Singapore has imposed a tax on Bitcoin trading and using it to pay for services, after classifying it as goods, rather than a currency.
Earlier this month, the Japanese government also said Bitcoin is not a currency and that some transactions using the virtual unit should be taxed.
The collapse of Mt Gox has only added to the concerns.
The firm filed for bankruptcy in Japan in February after losing about $473m (Â£284m) worth of customers' bitcoins to what it says was a hacking attack.
"The recent problems at Mt Gox and other firms further demonstrate the urgent need for stronger oversight of virtual currency exchanges," said Mr Lawsky.
"Consumers should understand and receive appropriate disclosures about the potential risks associated with using virtual currencies or any other financial product."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article:

"It's a very efficient way for a company to accept payment, since they receive 100% of the value of a transaction," he says. "Very different from dealing with credit cards, which take at least 2% to 3%."
His company, which offers a popular electronic wallet for storing Bitcoins, now has three million users - plus a London headquarters.
Britain's first Bitcoin cash machine has been installed in a Shoreditch coffee shop in London, where you can pay for your coffee from your digital wallet.
And argue some, with other successful UK start-ups including Coinfloor, a Bitcoin trading platform, and Elliptic, which aims to offer unhackable ways to store them in offline vaults- Bitcoin is becoming increasingly 'Britcoin'.
Britain's tech empire normally shrivels beside that of the United States. Last year London's 'Silicon roundabout' district received $1.4bn (Â£930m) in investments, compared to Silicon Valley's $22bn (Â£14.6bn).
But the financial crisis forced an outflow of talent from banking to start-ups.
And more global financial institutions make their home in wet Britain than sunny California.
So London became the world's new financial technology centre, employing more people (over 44,000) in the sector than either Silicon Valley or New York.
Payment looms large in financial technology, and start-ups working with cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin and Ripple, which are the two largest cryptocurrencies by market capitalisation, are prominent.
Collectively, they're luring big bits of investment.
When Elliptic raised Â£1.2m ($1.8m) in seed funding last summer, it was regarded as an important coming of age for cryptocurrencies.
Cryptocurrencies offer an advantage in countries where official currency exchange is tightly controlled, like China.
Cryptocurrencies could revolutionise how banks handle payments, too.
Large retail banks currently use central clearing - everything goes to one place, and then back out.
But with Bitcoin, this exchange happens in different places and instantaneously.
At the moment, the small amount of liquidity in any particular cryptocurrency limits broader use of this system.
However, this would grow exponentially if several banks began to convert cryptocurrencies to a traditional currency, and back again.
This has happened in Germany, where Fidor Bank adopted the Ripple cryptocurrency for payments.
Two American banks have done so as well.
The Ripple protocol offers advantages over Swift, the 40-year old system which most banks now use to send payment orders.
"Banks don't have to hold liquidity in all far flung corners of the world," says Conny Dorrestijn, one of the judges of the 2015 FinTech50, which looks to promote new types of financial services technology.
"At the moment, if you're a bank in Germany and have two clients who do payments with Chile, you have to hold liquidity in a corresponding bank in Chile.
"With the new protocols, you don't."
Elliptic calls itself a 'Bitcoin custodian', storing the private keys which they compare to digital gold, in an encrypted form and a secure location.
Says its co-founder, Dr Tom Robinson, "If you're storing it in an internet-connected device, there's always the possibility of web-based hacking. So we store it in a bank vault."
He is unsure we ever will be using Bitcoins as we do physical cash on the High Street, but says block chains - the data structures that record Bitcoin transactions - can be used with tokens representing any financial asset, including shares or bonds.
If a company represented its shares in this way, then the platform could transfer ownership of the shares in a highly transparent manner.
And dividend payments would be more efficient, since you would simply send Bitcoins to whichever wallet holds the token.
A Scottish company called MaidSafe issued 'cryptoequity' last year, with a crowd-sale of what it called MaidSafeCoins.
Worries by banks about the money laundering risk from cryptocurrencies has stunted use of block chain technology in the UK banking sector till now. But the money laundering risk from cryptocurrencies can be overstated, believes Dr Robinson.
"The risk is there, but there is a publicly available database, and everyone can look at it, and see every block chain transaction that's ever been made."
The absence of regulation also has been a problem.
Britain's tax authorities released a guidance brief on Bitcoin a year ago (and decided not to charge VAT on cryptocurrency mining or trading). Last month, the Bank of England publicly explored the idea of issuing a 'digital pound'.
But in general, the UK government has adopted a wait-and-see attitude.
In America, New York state has been one of the first governments at any level to propose regulations for the virtual currency industry. Initially, its reporting and capital requirements were viewed as quite onerous on smaller cryptocurrency start-ups, but they have been relaxed.
Dr Robinson says it could be time for some light-touch regulation in Britain, to lend cryptocurrencies credibility, and give banks confidence in dealing with them.
And the Bank of England concluded if it were ever to create a digital pound, research would be necessary to ensure the technology would not constrict the central bank's ability to control its currency and secure the banking system against attack.
Miss Dorrestijn cautions that too much investment may have gone into the front end of payment, and neglecting banks' ageing infrastructure, where the bulk of payments are still handled.
"'98% of the world still works with banks as we know them today," she says. "I see a very new interest in investing in new core technology, new protocols, and new formats."
"I think the world is oversaturated with wallets, and mobile channels, if they only are a shiny face on an old fashioned mechanism."
Michel Akkermans, founder of Clear2Pay, says retail banks are mostly hindered in payments by batch-based systems.
Transactions get processed once a day, instead of in real time.
And legacy payments software is "written in arcane programming languages no one knows any more".
He says after the 2008 banking crisis, banks have focussed again on their core business of enabling transactions rather than esoteric financial instruments and derivatives.
But they are at very different stages in modernising their existing payments infrastructure, he says.
One new body, the Emerging Payments Association, represents newer entrants in the payments space.
It pushes for non-bank payment firms to have more equal access to retail clearing banks, for such things as faster payments and dealing with consumers through the Post Office, says board advisor Richard Wagner, chief executive of Advanced Payment Solutions.
Bitcoins may not yet have met their killer app. But how we pay is undergoing more than small change.
And Bitcoin, Ripple, and other new alternative forms of payment are steadily gaining currency, bit by bit.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Former Aston Villa assistant boss Peter Grant believes relegation would be disastrous for the Premier League club.

New chairman Steven Hollis has said the club do not fear the drop and will come back "on a stronger footing" if they find themselves in the Championship next season.
But Grant, who followed Alex McLeish from Birmingham to their West Midlands rivals in June 2011, disagrees.
"It would be a nightmare for a club of Villa's stature," he told BBC WM 95.6.
"There are 18 or 19 clubs in the Championship who have been in the Premier League and it is not as easy to automatically come straight back up.
"In one respect you have a chance to rebuild, but there is a different pressure to the Championship. Fans will expect you to win every match and it is not a simple as that."
Since Martin O'Neill resigned as boss before the start of the 2010-11 season Villa have had five managers, with current head coach Remi Garde appointed in November.
Budget cuts saw a number of senior players including James Milner, Ashley Young and Stewart Downing leave the club, with subsequent sides built around younger players.
They are six points adrift at the bottom of the table and Grant believes the fans are "delusional" if they expect the current team to be a force in the top-flight.
"They have changed [managers] too often, too quickly with the amount of young players they have," he said.
"When I talk about the fans being delusional, you've got to accept where you are at this moment in time and give somebody the confidence to build instead of being critical.
"Even if it takes you 18 months to two years you have to give that manager an opportunity to try and get a structure, a way of playing and find a winning formula."

Villa are nine points adrift at the bottom of the Premier League having won just three games all campaign and could go down on Saturday.
"In the current circumstances, we are sure our supporters will understand," a club spokesman said.
There have been several fan protests against owner Randy Lerner, including during the recent home loss to Chelsea.
During the game, supporters held up banners that read: "Proud history, what future?"
Villa supporter Mike McKenna, who organised the recent fan walkout protests during home games against Everton, Tottenham and Chelsea, said: "There is a toxic atmosphere at the club at the moment. The players are not generally well liked.
"Unfortunately, the complaints about the likes of [Micah] Richards, [Gabriel] Agbonlahor, etc have rubbed off on other players.
"Maybe Jordan Ayew deserved an award but, with the toxic atmosphere, the club have thought it would only garner bad publicity to garnish the players with awards.
"Generally, I would think the supporters support the decision not to have awards as there is nothing to celebrate."
Villa have sacked two managers this season - Tim Sherwood in October and his successor, Remi Garde, last month.
Eric Black is in temporary charge and has overseen two successive defeats, the most recent of which came at home to Bournemouth on Saturday.
Villa's relegation will be confirmed if Norwich avoid a home loss by Sunderland in the 12:45 BST kick-off on Saturday.
Even if the Canaries lose, Villa still need to win against Manchester United at Old Trafford later in the day to avoid dropping out of the Premier League.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article:

Question: Figures from the Department of Health show the number of managers earning £100,000 and over has almost doubled in the last three years.

The information was contained in a written answer to Ulster Unionist MLA Jo-Anne Dobson.
Fifteen non-medical staff earned between £100,000 and £124,999 in 2012/13, while in 2014/15 30 staff fell into that bracket.
There is little change in the number of managers earning £125,000 and over.
The figures also show that 980 doctors in Northern Ireland earn between £100,000 and £124,999.
A further 445 earned more than that.
"The publication of these figures shines a light on what is happening at the top echelons of the local health service," Ms Dobson said.
"I am outraged that whilst key staff and patients are being forced into ever intolerable conditions, so many public sector workers and administrators at the top are being remunerated over £100,000 per annum."
On Thursday, former chief medical officer of England, Sir Liam Donaldson, welcomed the health minister's proposal to close down the Health and Social Care Board.
He said it needed to happen quickly and he would expect to see a cut management costs.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence
------
For instance, <<['Represent this', "Shigeta Miura, 40, allegedly posted rotten tea leaves, dirt, and women's underwear 70 times over the past year.\nMore than 500 packages were sent to four people who were in his primary school and boy scout troop, Japanese media reported.\nMr Miura told police the packages were sent in revenge.\nHe reportedly stuffed the rubbish into unstamped packages, putting the intended recipient down as the sender.\nHe then addressed them to random people, knowing that without stamps they would be returned to the apparent sender.\nHe is being charged with violating a public nuisance order."]>>  to <<['this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'A man in Tokyo has been arrested on suspicion of sending more than 500 items of rubbish to people he claims bullied him at school, reports say.']>>

Compiled for Asda by London economists CEBR, the latest income tracker shows families in the region have an extra £8 a week compared with a year ago.
However, their discretionary income of £103 a week compares with a record UK average of £201.
Discretionary income is money left over after tax and bills and expenses, like a mortgage and food spending, are paid.
According to the quarterly income tracker report, the situation in Northern Ireland reflects lower rates of pay compared with other regions of the UK.
Additionally, it says almost 10% of Northern Ireland workers in 2014 were employed at or below the minimum wage compared with just over 5% across the UK as a whole.
Wales has discretionary income of £180 a week, Scotland has £200, and the poorest English region, the north-east, has £133.
The pace of growth has slowed considerably for Northern Ireland householders - it rose by 9% between April and June, compared with 18% in the corresponding quarter of 2015.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The first of 800 UK troops being sent to bolster Nato defences in the Baltic have arrived in Estonia.

The 120 soldiers from the 5th Battalion The Rifles will set up a UK headquarters in the country before the remaining troops arrive in April.
The defence secretary said they would deter "Russian aggression".
The UK is taking a leading role in Nato's "enhanced forward presence" operation, aimed at reinforcing the alliance's eastern border.
Defence Secretary Sir Michael Fallon told the BBC it was the biggest UK military deployment in Europe since the end of the Cold War and formed part of a long-term, open-ended commitment to deter Russia.
He said deploying troops was necessary "because of the increased Russian aggression that we've seen and the need to reassure our allies on the eastern side of Nato".
But Sir Michael insisted it was a "defensive deployment" and was not "designed to provoke or escalate".
BBC defence correspondent Jonathan Beale said the troops say they are well prepared for a range of threats, and the UK government is aware that Russia might use misinformation, fake news and other provocations during their deployment.
The first wave of soldiers flew from RAF Brize Norton, in Oxfordshire, on Friday, and were met at Amari air base in Estonia by the country's defence minister, Margus Tsahkna.
British Challenger 2 tanks, AS90 self-propelled guns, and armoured vehicles are also en route to Estonia, having been loaded on to a ferry in Germany and will arrive next week.
The UK-led Estonia battlegroup is one of four Nato multinational deployments to eastern Europe.
Other Nato armies are sending forces to Latvia, Lithuania and Poland, where 150 UK personnel will also be sent as part of a rotating deployment.
Separately, the Royal Air Force has committed to providing Typhoon jets to bolster air defences in Romania for four months, as part of Nato's southern air policing mission.
Russia has already described the positioning of Nato forces near its border as a threat.

Defence ministers from the three countries signed the deal on Friday.
Poland's defence ministry said the brigade would be based in the eastern Polish city of Lublin but the soldiers would remain in their home countries.
Poland and Lithuania are eager to bolster defences following Russia's annexation of Ukraine's Crimean peninsula earlier this year.
Russia sent thousands of troops to the peninsula in March, eventually forcing Ukrainian soldiers to withdraw.
Shortly afterwards, pro-Russian separatists in Ukraine's eastern Donetsk and Luhansk regions declared their independence.
More than 3,000 people have died in fighting between Ukrainian government forces and separatists since April.
A spokesman for the Polish defence ministry said work to form the joint unit with Ukraine and Lithuania first began in 2007, adding that it would operate under the guidance of the UN, Nato and the EU.
The unit would participate in peacekeeping missions, the spokesman added, but no details were given on any potential role in Ukraine's conflict.
Earlier this week, soldiers from Poland and Lithuania joined about 1,300 soldiers from 15 countries - including the US and other Nato members - in military exercises in western Ukraine.
In response, Russia's Defence Minister Sergei Shoigu said it must boost its forces in Crimea to counter the presence of Western troops in Ukraine.
Also on Friday, Nato defence chiefs agreed to set up regional centres in several Eastern European countries, during a meeting Lithuania's capital Vilnius.
Lithuania's chief of defence Jonas Vytautas Zukas said the "command-and-control" centres would be launched in Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, Poland and Romania and would each employ up to 120 military personnel,
Meanwhile, Sweden said on Friday that it had lodged a complaint with Russia's ambassador in Stockholm about two Russian fighter planes entering Swedish airspace.
Swedish officials said the jets had briefly violated Swedish airspace on Wednesday near the eastern island of Oland.
In another diplomatic row, Lithuania said it had summoned Russia's ambassador to Vilnius after a Lithuanian fishing vessel was detained by Russian authorities earlier this week.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Companies that move their profits overseas to avoid tax will be subject to a "diverted profits tax" from April, the chancellor has said.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

In his final Budget before the election, George Osborne said firms that aid tax evasion will also face new penalties and criminal prosecutions.
The so-called "Google Tax" is designed to discourage large companies diverting profits out of the the UK to avoid tax.
It follows rows over how much corporation tax some companies pay.
"Let the message go out: this country's tolerance for those who will not pay their fair share of taxes has come to an end," Mr Osborne said.
The Chancellor said his deputy, chief secretary to the Treasury Danny Alexander, would be announcing new legislation on Thursday outlining new criminal offences and penalties for aiding tax evasion.
It comes after last month's revelation that HSBC colluded with clients of its private bank to evade tax over many years.
Mr Osborne said he would also change the corporation tax rules to prevent contrived loss arrangements.
He added he would also be closing tax loopholes that enabled businesses to take account of foreign branches when reclaiming VAT on their overheads.
Mr Osborne said the new tax measures he was introducing were expected to raise £3.1bn over the next five years.
He added he was also raising the bank levy to 0.21%, which he said would raise £900m.
And he said he was closing a loophole in the law that allowed the banks to offset charges for mis-selling, including payment protection insurance, and other misconduct against their corporation tax bills.
Many multinational companies make millions in the UK, but have their headquarters in Ireland where the corporation tax rate is much lower, meaning they pay a lower rate of tax on those profits there.
Companies such as Starbucks, Apple and Amazon, among others, have come in for significant criticism in recent years over the amount of corporation tax they pay in the UK.
They are all currently being investigated by the European Commission over their tax arrangements.
In 2013, it was revealed that Starbucks paid nothing in corporation tax between 2009 and 2012, despite sales of £400m in 2011, and had only paid £8.56m in corporation tax since it began trading in the UK in 1998.
Starbucks maintained it had made a loss in those years when it paid no corporation tax.
Under the new tax regime, companies with an annual turnover of £10m will have to tell HM Revenue & Customs (HMRC) if they think their company structure could make them liable for diverted profit tax.
Once HMRC has assessed the structures, and decided how much profit has been artificially diverted from the UK, multinationals will have only 30 days to object to the 25% tax.
The European Commission has also been investigating the corporation tax arrangements of several European Union (EU) member states to determine whether those tax arrangements amounted to state aid.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Its most recent Companies House filing shows the company as making a pre-tax loss of £28.5m last year, but the firm also paid its 362 UK staff a total of £35.4m in share bonuses.
The share bonuses amount to £96,000 on average per UK Facebook employee.
It means Facebook's UK corporation tax bill was less than the tax the average UK employee paid on their salary.
The average UK salary is £26,500 on which employees pay a total of £5,392.80 in income tax and national insurance contributions.
In January, Facebook reported global fourth-quarter profits of $701m (£462m), a 34% increase on the same period a year earlier.
Total profits for the year were $2.9bn, almost double its profit for 2013.
Facebook said at the time that advertising revenue grew by 53% to $3.59bn, with nearly 70% of that coming from mobile ad sales.
The social networking giant says it now has 1.39 billion active users each month, a 13% increase from a year ago.
The latest revelations will reignite the debate about how much UK corporation tax companies pay at a time when several multinational corporations are being investigated by the European Commission over the tax arrangements they have with European Union member states.
Google, Amazon, a division of the Fiat motor company and Starbucks are all subject to the investigation and the European Commission has said it could widen its probe further.
The investigation came after Starbucks was revealed to have paid just £8.6m in UK corporation tax in the 14 years between 1998 and 2012, despite making more than £3bn in UK sales in the same period.
Last week, EU finance ministers agreed to boost information sharing in response to the so-called LuxLeaks scandal that emerged last year. The scandal showed Luxembourg had issued hundreds of tax rulings allowing companies to lower their tax bill by funnelling their profits through the country.
A spokesperson for Facebook said: "We are compliant with UK tax law, and in fact in all countries where we have operations and offices. We continue to grow our business activities in the UK."
They added that all the firm's employees paid UK income tax on their payouts.
The company recently secured the lease on a high-profile 227,324 sq ft office space in Rathbone Square, near Tottenham Court Road in London, where it plans to open a new headquarters in 2017.
John O'Connell,  director of the Taxpayers' Alliance, a think tank that campaigns for lower taxes and highlights examples of government waste, said: "Taxpayers will be justifiably confused and angry about this tax bill. But Facebook is right to say that it is complying with UK law,  which shows that the problem lies with our complex tax code, and that is what politicians should address as a matter of urgency.
"We have to ensure our taxes are simple to eliminate loopholes, and that taxes are low to increase our competitiveness, so that companies choose to base themselves here."
Conservative MP Mark Garnier, a member of Parliament's Treasury Select Committee told the BBC that even if companies were not breaking any laws, they should think about their moral responsibility.
"It's about the spirit of the law versus the letter of the law.  At the end of the day tax evasion is illegal, when you're deliberately setting out to not pay your tax by hiding your money," he said.
"Tax planning is what most people will be doing with their pensions.  And tax avoidance is where you take the letter of the law, to get around the spirit of the law, where you're actively seeking a way of using the letters to not pay tax."
In his March Budget, Chancellor George Osborne pressed ahead with plans to introduce a diverted profits tax on companies that moved their profits overseas.
He added that firms that aided tax evasion would also face new penalties and criminal prosecutions.
The so-called "Google Tax" is designed to discourage large companies diverting profits out of the UK to avoid tax.
And last week, an OECD/G20 report found that laws allowing companies to shift profits to low-tax jurisdictions meant between $100bn and $240bn was lost in tax revenues every year - equivalent to between 4% and 10% of global corporate tax revenues.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: As many as 15,000 votes were forged or affected by intimidation at an east London election, a court has heard.

Four petitioners allege Tower Hamlets mayor Lutfur Rahman used "corrupt and illegal practices" in May 2014, when he was elected as mayor.
Petitioner Andy Erlam said his "guesstimate" was that up to 15,000 votes were forged and that "intimidation of voters" took place at more than 40 polling stations.
Mr Rahman denies any wrongdoing.
The group have taken action against Mr Rahman, the independent mayor of Tower Hamlets and leader of the Tower Hamlets First (THF) party, under the 1983 Representation Of The People Act at a special High Court hearing.
They want Election Commissioner Richard Mawrey to declare the May 2014 election null and void.
Mr Erlam told the court that statistics showed about 240,000 people lived in the borough with 180,000 registered to vote and his "guesstimate" was that between 10,000 and 15,000 votes had been forged or affected by intimidation.
He told Mr Mawrey there was evidence that police at many, if not most, of the 40 polling stations had either "refused" to intervene or taken "exceptionally ineffective measures" to stop intimidation.
He claimed there were witnesses with "important evidence" who were frightened of coming forward.
Mr Erlam stood for election to Tower Hamlets council on an anti-corruption ticket, but denied that the decision to launch legal action was personal.
He told the court: "It's about democracy. It is to be defended and fought for and it should not be taken for granted."
Mr Rahman has said there is "little if any" evidence of wrongdoing against him and his lawyers have described the group of four's claims as "invention", "exaggeration" and "in some cases downright deliberately false allegations".
The hearing continues.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Former mayor Lutfur Rahman was removed from office last year after being found guilty of election fraud.
Detectives launched the review following a High Court report into voter intimidation during the election.
Campaigner Andy Erlam, who led the legal battle to remove Mr Rahman, branded the Met's verdict an "utter disgrace".
The force said it took "any allegations of electoral fraud or malpractice very seriously."
The police investigation analysed the critical 200-page report, published in April, as part of the review.
It looked at 164 existing complaints of election malpractice, five new allegations and new material connected to 47 of the original ones.
One of the allegations had to be dropped as the one-year time limit had expired before police were aware of it, the Met said.
Crissy Thompson, a community activist, told the BBC she had complained about postal votes being sent to properties which were empty or scheduled for demolition.
Mr Erlam said: "There should be a public inquiry about what's been going in Tower Hamlets because we've not got to the bottom of it.
"We're going to consider private prosecutions."
Mr Rahman was found to have breached election rules and ordered to step down. He failed in a recent bid to have a five-year ban on standing for office overturned.
As part of the original High Court investigation, which was a civil case, two people were cautioned.
A Conservative candidate in the May 2014 borough election, Jewel Islam, will go on trial in May accused of failing to declare a criminal conviction that would have disqualified him.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: Partick Thistle's Liam Lindsay says he will seize the opportunity to play international football, if and when a Scotland call-up comes his way.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

The Jags defender is the only player outwith Celtic and Aberdeen to make the PFA's Premiership team of the year.
"It's up to [national boss] Gordon Strachan to decide but obviously I want to play for Scotland," Lindsay said.
"As a kid that's your dream and I want to do that. Whenever it comes, I'll be ready - if it comes."
Lindsay, 21, had voiced his surprise and disappointment at receiving no recognition at any level for Scotland.
But after helping Thistle to a top-six finish - their highest since 1981 - the centre-back feels he has garnered the highest possible praise this week from his fellow professionals, as the sole representative from the 10 Premiership clubs below the top two in the team of the year.
"It's brilliant," Lindsay added. "Obviously it's the players that are choosing, so it's players I'm up against week in, week out, so it's kind of the biggest compliment you can get, really.
"It felt like I've had a great season. Maybe the first half I was a bit slow starting but as the season went on we started picking up results. Getting in the top six has helped me get this as well so it's been a brilliant season."
Select your top Scottish Premiership top XI and share your team choice with your friends.
Lindsay's boss Alan Archibald, who is among the nominees for the PFA manager of the year award, is thrilled the defender is so highly-rated by his peers, and thinks a growing maturity this season has helped him develop quicker
"On the ball he's got better," Archibald said. "He's got real game awareness now, a lot more game awareness. He still has to learn a lot. I think he can get better still, turn himself into a man and protect himself.
"He got a broken nose earlier in the season just with being too honest, with not looking after himself when it comes to going and winning headers because he's just a big, honest pro.
"He's getting better and better all the time. One slight criticism: he should probably have more goals. Albeit, he has seven, he'll tell you himself he should be in double figures."

Brown is set to win his 50th cap next week in the second of two forthcoming friendlies against Denmark at Hampden.
"I would argue that he's been our best player since we have been here," said McGhee, assistant since 2013.
"A lot of people have done really well - don't get me wrong. But consistently I think Scott has done a great job."
McGhee is confident Brown, 30, who made his international debut in 2005, still has a major appetite to represent Scotland as preparations begin for the 2018 World Cup qualifiers, which start in September.
Scotland have been drawn in a group with England, Slovakia, Slovenia, Lithuania and Malta.
"We are glad he is still around," added the Motherwell manager.  "[This will be his] 50th cap; he has got another 20 or 30 in him.
"I think the challenge he gets here is different from the challenge he gets at his club, and he rises to it and he really enjoys it.
"I think with the England game, he will want to be part of that."
Scotland have called up Fulham striker Ross McCormack and Birmingham right-back Paul Caddis to replace Steven Naismith, who has a hamstring injury, and Steven Whittaker - whose wife is due to give birth - for Thursday's friendly in the Czech Republic.
Scotland then host Denmark at Hampden Park on Tuesday, 29 March.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: South-east Australia has shivered through some of its coldest weather in decades, thanks to an icy cold snap.

Strong winds and snowfall hit Victoria, New South Wales (NSW), and even the "Sunshine state" Queensland saw snow.
Ipswich councillor Paul Tully drove three hours across the border so his son could see snow for the first time.
"We got up at 2.30am in the morning because there'd been a number of false starts in the past to take him to see his first snow," Mr Tully told the BBC.
He said hundreds of cars made their way up Mount Mackenzie in northern NSW over the weekend, including one family who drove for more than seven hours through the night from Bundaberg.
"Everyone was actually excited it was a joyous occasion, people just felt really good."
Jason Eimbrodt posted a picture on Instagram from Sunny Corner, west of Sydney saying: "I didn't go down to the snow this weekend. But the snow came up to us instead!"
The cold snap has been dubbed the "Antarctic vortex" by Australian media, but the Bureau of Meteorology said the name was not actually accurate.
"It's fun to say," forecaster Sean Fitzgerald told the BBC, "but [an Antarctic vortex] is actually a weather system over Antarctica that doesn't shift."
More unusually cold conditions are expected this week.
Barry Hanstrum, regional director at the Bureau of Meteorology NSW, said the conditions were associated with a series of cold fronts that moved through the states.
The low pressure system that caused the cold fronts is expected to last for much of the week ahead.
Severe weather warnings are in place for Victoria and NSW, and icy conditions have closed some major roads, including parts of the Great Western Highway.
Alpine regions and ski resorts saw good snow fall at the weekend with a light dusting also experienced in the Central Tablelands region of NSW.

That El Nino played havoc with world weather systems and was blamed for several extreme weather events.
The current El Nino has been linked to several floods and unusually warm conditions in the northern hemisphere.
The phenomenon sees warm waters of the central Pacific expand eastwards towards North and South America.
El Nino is a naturally occurring weather episode which happens every two to seven years.
It usually peaks late in the calendar year, although the effects can persist well into the following spring and last up to 12 months.
Nasa says the current El Nino "shows no signs of waning", based on the latest satellite image of the Pacific Ocean.
It bears "a striking resemblance" to one from December 1997, the agency says, "the signature of a big and powerful El Nino".
Strongest El Nino since 1950 on the way
Matt McGrath: 'High impacts' from globally stronger El Nino
Worries over humanitarian impact
This year's El Nino has been linked to the worst floods seen in 50 years in Paraguay, Argentina, Uruguay and Brazil.
The floods there have forced more than 150,000 people from their homes -  more than 100,000 of them in the Paraguayan capital alone.
In the US, 13 people have died in the US state of Missouri as a result of flooded rivers after tornadoes and storms hit the region.
A five-mile (8km) section of the Mississippi River near St Louis was closed to vessels as a result of the "hazardous conditions" that have been caused.
El Nino has also been cited as a factor in the floods that have hit northern parts of the UK, forcing thousands from their homes and leaving thousands more without power.
Storm Frank, which is expected to bring fresh rain and flooding to the UK this week, is part of a weather system causing unusually high temperatures in the Arctic.
One weather buoy near the North Pole has measured a temperature above freezing -  almost unheard of at this time of year, when the normal figure is about -25C (-13F).
Astonishing spike at North Pole: BBC science editor David Shukman
One of the most bizarre side-effects of the current turbulence in the global weather is that even at the roof of the world, at what is meant to be the coldest time of the year in the northern hemisphere, the North Pole itself is unusually warm.
There are no instruments there at the moment to provide exact readings but US weather buoys, drifting with the ice slightly to the south, have recorded the extraordinary fact of temperatures nudging just above zero.  And the Norwegian weather service estimates temperatures there to be around -2C.
Either way, that is astonishingly warm given the average temperature for the time of year, which is around -25C.
The spike in warmth will not last long but may conceivably act as a brake on the usual process of the growth of winter ice in the Arctic. And it certainly serves as a reminder of the power and reach of Storm Frank, which is currently battering the UK, as the swirl of winds around it has pushed warm air northwards.
Higher temperatures than the seasonal average have been noted in many parts of Europe and the US.
Average temperatures on Christmas Day in France were the second highest on record, just below those of 1997.
The mild weather has forced farmers to harvest crops such as salad, strawberries and asparagus early, with reports of large amounts of produce going to waste.
Desperation in one French ski resort at the lack of snow led to 100 tons of snow being airlifted in by helicopter.
In Italy, experts say the unusually calm and dry weather has exacerbated pollution over the cities of Milan and Rome.
By contrast, in Mexico El Nino is being blamed for freezing temperatures in the north of the country, with snow seen in parts of the Sonoran desert for the first time in 33 years. Three deaths have been blamed on the cold in Sonora state.
The World Meteorological Organization (WMO)  has stressed that El Nino is not the only factor driving global climate patterns but said the implications of the weather systems in a warmer world are uncertain.
"This naturally occurring El Nino event and human-induced climate change may interact and modify each other in ways which we have never before experienced, " WMO secretary general Michael Jarraud said last month.
"Even before the onset of El Nino, global average surface temperatures had reached new records. El Nino is turning up the heat even further," he said.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Three men have admitted transporting cocaine worth about £200,000.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The High Court in Edinburgh heard Craig Wilson, 30, Alan Piper, 26, and Malcolm Amos, 40, were caught during police surveillance on 25 November 2015.
Amos had drugs worth £25,000, which he collected from Piper in a car on Lauder Road, Edinburgh.
As part of the same surveillance operation, police caught Wilson coming out a house in Glen Street, Paisley, with packages worth £175,000.
Advocate depute Derek Ogg QC said all the packages were forensically tested and found to be about 70% pure cocaine, except for one package which was of poor quality.
The prosecutor said Wilson, from Cardonald, Piper, from Paisley, and Amos, from Edinburgh, had no previous convictions, and had "very limited experience of any involvement beyond being couriers".
Judge Lord McEwan deferred sentence until next month.

Blake Donnellan was serving part of a 15-year sentence at HMP Sudbury in Derbyshire for conspiracy to supply class A drugs.
The 31-year-old was released on temporary licence from the open prison on Christmas Day but failed to return.
He was arrested by Greater Manchester Police on Wednesday.
Donnellan was jailed in 2011 for his part in a drugs operation which saw 30 people convicted.
Drugs with an estimated street value of Â£1m and nearly Â£100,000 in cash were seized by police Devon and Cornwall Police in 2009 and 2010.
The haul included 11,000 ecstasy tablets, 14kg (31lbs) of cocaine, 330g (12oz) of heroin, 2kg (4lbs) of amphetamine and 11kg (24lbs) of BZP (Benzylpiperazine).
The Crown Prosecution Service said Donnellan was the "mover and shaker" in the network and the link between the drugs coming down from Manchester to the Plymouth area and onwards to Cornwall.