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Question: Independent Kevin Hurley has been elected police and crime commissioner for Surrey.

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Find out more about each of the candidates below.
Robert Evans, who is standing as the Labour candidate, was the first MEP for London North West, specialising during his time in the European Parliament on European crime prevention.
He is a former primary school teacher who now works as a freelance consultant and public-relations executive and is the chairman of Runnymede and Weybridge Labour Party.
Mr Evans is campaigning to resist funding cuts and "privatisation" plans and said he would "reverse" cuts in support for domestic abuse and freeze further police station closures, pledging there would be no "soft touch" policing on his watch.
Robert Evans's election statement
Kevin Hurley, a former borough and public-order commander with the Met, is standing as a candidate for the "zero tolerance policing ex chief" party.
He comes from a family with strong police links - his parents served in the force as does his son - and has experience of dealing with police balance sheets as well as being a chief constable in Iraq.
The former detective chief superintendent describes his police methods as "no nonsense" and said he wanted police chiefs to be leaders, not bureaucratic managers, and he was a strong believer in zero-tolerance policing.
Kevin Hurley's election statement
Julie Iles, was selected from an initial shortlist of six candidates by the Conservative Party in Surrey.
She has been a magistrate for 10 years and chairman of the South East Surrey Youth Panel, serving on the youth justice advisory committee. She worked in information technology for 20 years, advising business executives.
Mrs Iles says she wants to correct the disparity between Surrey's low crime rate and poor detection rate, ensuring police are "visible" and available to the public, and to work with other agencies to target anti-social behaviour and alcohol-related crime.
Julie Iles's election statement
Nick O'Shea is a businessman and former Mole Valley district councillor, with strong police connections, who has been chosen as the Liberal Democrat candidate.
His father and grandfather were both in the Surrey force and another family member is currently a serving officer.
Mr O'Shea is a director of a number of businesses and a chartered management accountant. He said he wanted to put the focus on victims and witnesses of crime - improving support to encourage more offences to be reported.
Nick O'Shea's election statement
Former Surrey police officer Robert Shatwell is UKIP's candidate. He said he understood the workings of Surrey Police and the problems it faced because he was part of the force for 18 years.
Mr Shatwell wants to re-establish the beat officer system and continue UKIP's policy of "zero tolerance" on crime. He said prison sentences were far too lenient and there was no deterrent being used to reduce the number and severity of crimes.
UKIP leader and South East of England MEP Nigel Farage said he was delighted that the party had a candidate with such experience running for the position.
Robert Shatwell's election statement
The current chairman of Surrey Police Authority, Peter Williams, has been an independent member of the organisation he hopes to replace for nine years.
He has worked in the criminal-justice system for more than 20 years and has been a magistrate for 17. He said that as a chief executive he has experience of handling large budgets.
Mr Williams wants to build on the county's recent reputation for high public satisfaction by continuing to consult residents on policing and said his priorities would include tackling anti-social behaviour, collaboration with neighbouring forces and holding the chief constable to account.
Peter Williams's election statement

Ms Holloway beat Labour's Olly Martins, who has been in the role for the past four years, by 2,883 votes.
The poll went to a second round of counting after none of the five candidates standing secured more than 50 per cent of first preference votes.
Ms Holloway is a former news reporter and presenter and has vowed to use her journalism skills within her new role.
The turnout across Bedfordshire was 23.7 per cent.
The Chief Constable of Bedfordshire Police welcoming her to the role.
Jon Boutcher said he was "very much" looking forward to working with Ms Holloway, adding: "We still have much to do to bring our communities ever closer with the force."
BBC News App users: tap here to see the results.
Results from the first round of voting:
Results from the second round of voting:
More information is available on the Choose my PCC website.


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Question: A tenant is due to move on to a £1m farm on Saturday - paying just £1 a year rent to look after it and its "fragile" landscape.

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The National Trust handed the keys to Parc Farm on the top of Great Orme, near Llandudno, Conwy county, to 38-year-old Dan Jones from Anglesey on Friday.
It stepped in to protect the land last year as it was on sale as a potential site for a golf course.
The site has rare habitats and species.
Mr Jones signed an agreement with the trust and picked up the keys to the farm house on Friday, and will live there with wife Ceri and son Efan.
He said there was still a lot to do before work can begin on the farm but they were all excited about the challenge.
"It's a gradual process, it's going to take a while to get all the livestock there and the machinery," he added.
Mr Jones has bought about 275 sheep for the farm and is aiming to get about 470 in total.
"I'll have to get the sheep used to the environment, used to me and being walked with dogs before I can release them on to the Great Orme," he said.
"It's only about five minutes from the centre of Llandudno so it's not very remote but you're in the countryside.
"[The family are] very excited we are going to see the house properly now."

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West Heslerton, near Malton, has a 21-bedroom mansion, pub, petrol station, 43 homes and 2,116 acres of land.
The village has been owned by the same family for over 150 years, but has been put up for sale after the most recent owner died.
Cundalls estate agents said it had already attracted interest "from far and wide".
Eve Dawnay owned the estate until her death five years ago, with the family now deciding to sell.
West Heslerton also has a church, primary school and a playing field with a pavilion.
Tom Watson, of Cundalls, said: "Miss Dawnay was a wonderful lady.
"She was very kind and the property rents are - and have always been - very low.
"This has helped keep a vibrant village community with a mixed group of ages and there are obviously a lot of people hoping that somebody with a similar benevolent nature will come along to take over the estate."
More than 110 acres of woodland is also being sold by the family.
Mr Watson added: "All the tenants were told it was going on the market in September, since then the rumour mill has started going about potential buyers.
"We already have had interest from far and wide."
Miss Dawnay's sister, Verena Elliott, said: "We all loved it and it would be very hard to find a village with more loyal and lovely people living in it.
"There is a real sense of community which is hard to find these days."
Cundalls said about half a dozen properties in the village were privately-owned and, therefore, not included in the sale.
Other previous village sales
Linkenholt, Hampshire - Sold for £25m in 2009 - the sale included 22 cottages and houses, 1,500 acres of farmland, a village shop and a blacksmiths.
Bantham, Devon - The 750-acre seaside estate exceeded the asking price of £11m and included about 20 cottages and a beach.
Little Rollright, Oxfordshire - The Cotswold village went on the market in 2014 with an asking price of £18m, including a manor house, rectory, five cottages and 500 acres.
What else could you get for £20m?


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Question: A £250m state-of-the-art training college will be built for the armed forces in Hampshire this year, Defence Minister Andrew Murrison has announced.

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The redevelopment of MoD base Worthy Down will provide accommodation for up to 2,000 students and staff.
The Defence College of Logistics, Policing and Administration will focus on services including catering, supply, transport and military human resources.
Construction is expected to be completed in late 2018.
Winchester City Council granted outline planning permission in 2013 for the redevelopment of the base, currently home to the Adjutant General's Corps.

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Magma Structures had been a preferred bidder for part of the site, but the Ministry of Defence (MoD) confirmed it would not move in.
Conservative council leader Donna Jones said it was a "disappointment".
The MoD said a centre of excellence was being created on the site by BAE Systems.
Ms Jones: "It is a disappointment they haven't moved in yet, it is for financial reasons with the cost of the relocation of the company into that ship hall."
Magma Structures is currently based at Trafalgar Wharf in Portsmouth and is a manufacturing company.
Mark Lancaster, minister for defence personnel and veterans, said Magma Structures was not using the site "after a review of its business needs".
It will be leasing office space within the naval base, he said.
The government also announced a centre for excellence for minehunter vessel maintenance is to be created at the site.
HMS Brocklesby is due to be moved to the facility on Wednesday for maintenance.
These activities had previously been carried out elsewhere at the base.
Magma Structures confirmed it would not be moving to the site.
When BAE moved shipbuilding from Portsmouth to Scotland the government said it would not let the city sink into economic recession.
We had the prime minister personally endorsing a £100m city deal, the hosting of Britain's own Americas Cup team in Portsmouth and even its own minister.
But since the election it has been a lot quieter.


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Question: Amateur snooker player John Sutton has been found guilty of match-fixing after a 6-0 defeat by Jamie Burnett in 2014.

Following a hearing last week, the World Professional Billiards and Snooker Association (WPBSA) found him in breach of two rules, one of fixing and one of misusing inside information.
It will decide on a sanction against the Irishman at a later date, likely to be next month.
There is no suggestion Burnett was involved in any wrongdoing.
Sutton is not a member of the WPBSA and does not hold a World Snooker tour card.
He accepted an invitation to play, and was beaten by Burnett, in an International Championships qualifier in Barnsley in September 2014.
Suspicious betting patterns on the game were reported.
Married father-of-four Sutton is a business development manager who practises between five and 10 hours a week.
He told World Snooker last year that his strengths are his "temperament and never-know-when-I'm-beaten attitude" but that his weakness is "consistency".
"I'm good one day and awful the next," he said, adding his idols are Steve Davis and Stephen Hendry "due to their commitment and dedication to the game".

Puttergill, 1,207th in the rankings, has also been fined $5,000 (£4,115) and will pay a similar fine if he commits another offence before 11 July.
The matches took place between May 2012 and November 2014, but the 23-year-old was not playing in any of them.
An investigation found Puttergill used two online accounts to place the bets.


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Question: A new four-year, £20m deal for England players has been welcomed by Rugby Football Union chief Ian Ritchie.

The new terms will see players earn in excess of £20,000 per Test match, excluding bonuses.
"These are exciting times for English Rugby, and the deal offers a significant uplift from the previous deal," said Ritchie.
The RFU posted record figures last year, with profit rising to over £100m after England hosted the World Cup.
England exited the World Cup in the group stage but have achieved success since under new coach Eddie Jones.
They won the Six Nations Grand Slam for the first time since 2003 in February and completed a first 3-0 series win by a touring side in Australia since South Africa in 1971.
The new deal, which was negotiated by the Rugby Players Association, will cover training fees, image rights payments and squad performance bonuses.

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RFU chief executive Ian Ritchie did not rule out approaching a coach already under contract and said the cost of the "global search" was not important.
Lancaster, 46, left his position on Wednesday following a review into the team's early exit from the World Cup.
Ritchie said: "We're looking for a head coach with international experience."
England became the first sole host nation to be eliminated in the group stage of a Rugby World Cup, after defeats by Wales and Australia.
A review into England's performance followed, which involved an RFU panel taking "extensive feedback" from some members of the squad and all 12 directors of rugby at Premiership clubs.
Ritchie said the RFU's focus would now be on taking "sufficient time" to find the right person to succeed Lancaster.
"Speed is important, but the right person is even more important," said Ritchie, who added he was "confident" the RFU would get the best person for the job.
"It doesn't rule out a foreign coach, it doesn't rule out an English coach. The nationality is not important, getting the right coach is important.
"This is still one of the biggest jobs in world rugby coaching. The resources we put behind the head coach is significant, there's a group of talented players that the head coach has to work with and it is an attractive job."
Asked whether the RFU would consider approaching another union in search of Lancaster's successor, Ritchie said: "I don't think we should be inhibited."
The RFU said Lancaster, who signed a new six-year contract in October 2014, would leave the organisation.
Prior to taking charge of the national side in 2012, Lancaster coached England's second team - the Saxons - and oversaw elite player development at the RFU.
"For a new head coach, it's very difficult for the previous head coach to be sitting there within the organisation," Ritchie said.
"We did have discussions, we did look at this, but despite the skills Stuart has we felt it was right to make a clean break."
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The futures of coaches Graham Rowntree, Andy Farrell and Mike Catt will be decided by the new head coach.
Ritchie added: "The assistant coaches remain under contract. The head coach will want to have look at what he's got."
Ritchie said it was mutually agreed that Lancaster would step down and the decision was "unanimously accepted" by the RFU board.
The five-man World Cup review panel helped decide his future after speaking to 29 people, while Ritchie talked privately with an additional 30.
Ritchie said every member of the squad had had an opportunity to give their feedback, as did the entire coaching and management team.
"The panel was rigorous and objective in looking at this information," said Ritchie. "We together concluded that it was a time for a change of head coach."
The RFU said the search for Lancaster's successor began after Tuesday's board meeting.
But it denied reports that RFU president Jason Leonard has already made contact with Australia coach Michael Cheika.
Cheika, who is under contract until 2017, has transformed the Wallabies during his 12-month tenure, guiding them to the World Cup final, where they lost to New Zealand.
The 48-year-old Australian is the second high-profile name to be linked with the role after Nick Mallett said in October he had turned down an approach. Again, the RFU denied the former South Africa and Italy coach had been sounded out.
Bath's English coach Mike Ford, who has international experience as an assistant coach of both Ireland and England, has ruled out the prospect of taking over from Lancaster.
The "global search" for a new head coach will be carried out by Ritchie, a trained barrister responsible for extending Lancaster's contract last year.
The decision to offer Lancaster a new deal has been criticised by many, with World Cup-winning coach Sir Clive Woodward saying last month that Ritchie should "not be allowed anywhere near" the review panel.
But RFU chairman Bill Beaumont said the former All England Club chief executive had the full support of the board.
"I've every confidence in Ian as chief executive to deliver the best international coach for English rugby," said the former England forward.
Ritchie, who has also been a director of both the Football League and Wembley Stadium Ltd, said an advisory board would not be formed but that he would talk to a number of people involved in the game.
The RFU only allows players from overseas clubs to be selected for the national team in "exceptional circumstances".
Toulon open-side flanker Steffon Armitage, the 2014 European Player of the Year, was the most high-profile World Cup omission on those grounds.
It is a policy that has been described as "criminal" by Clermont's English full-back Nick Abendanon.
Australia revised their policy before the World Cup, but the RFU has no plans to follow suit.
"That is the current arrangement and agreement," said Ritchie. "I think that is right. I don't think that was an impediment to what happened in the Rugby World Cup."


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Question: East London shopkeepers are being urged to stop selling products which contain corrosive substances to young people following several violent attacks.

The voluntary scheme set up by Hackney Council would see traders refuse to sell acid or ammonia if they believe it may be used to cause harm.
Mayor of Hackney Philip Glanville said the scheme was started to "keep these dangerous substances off the street".
There is currently no age restriction on buying such items in the UK.
Products which contain acid or ammonia such as drain cleaner have been used in a number of recent attacks in the capital.
Men targeted in suspected acid attack
Two badly burnt in birthday acid attack
Acid attack in club injures revellers
Four shops signed up to the scheme when it was started last year, but Mr Glanville said Hackney Council planned to expand it across the borough.
Anybody who signs up is given training by council officers and provided with a sign saying they will not sell corrosive products to people aged under 21.
Earlier this year it was revealed there has been a sharp rise in the number of attacks involving corrosive fluids in London.
Last year it was used in 454 crimes compared to 261 in 2015, figures from the Met Police show.

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Two men in their 20s entered a convenience store in Brixton and one of them, armed with a pellet gun, shot at a 44-year-old man behind the counter.
Some of the pellets lodged in the victim's eyes and face.
The second man stole the cash register and they both ran off. Met Police have released CCTV footage of the "vicious attack" in a bid to catch the robbers.
The offenders are described as being of medium build and were seen wearing hooded tops and running off in the direction of Thornbury Road in Brixton.
The robbery happened at about 20:35 GMT on 25 October at the Phambra Foodstore, in Lyham Road.
Det Con Ben Turner said: "This was a vicious attack that could have left a man blinded.
"We desperately want to find the men responsible for this crime. They used gratuitous violence to carry out this robbery and are clearly dangerous."
Anyone with information is asked to contact the Metropolitan Police.
One convenience store worker is seriously injured during robberies or attempted robberies about every six months in mainland UK, The Association of Convenience Stores spokesman said.
There are more than 50,000 convenience stores in the mainland UK and tens of thousands of newsagents and other specialist food stores.
"Serious incidents are thankfully still quite rare, but around half of all convenience store workers, especially in the smaller stores, report facing verbal and physical abuse on a regular basis," the spokesman said.


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Question: The Diamond Jubilee celebrations have ended with a recorded thank-you message from the Queen.

In the last four days there has been a series of events including the Thames River Pageant, a concert in front of Buckingham Palace, and a flypast.
But some people have done their best to ignore the celebrations.
BBC News website readers have been speaking about how and why they have avoided the series of Diamond Jubilee events.
Over the weekend I went on a nice bike ride, taking a packed lunch so I don't even have to go into a pub.
In the evenings I've been painting and reading.
I have ignored the celebrations - it has nothing to do with me.
In my village street parties were planned for the bank holiday weekend, but as far as I'm concerned there is nothing to celebrate.
All this fuss has been absolute appalling.
There has been wall to wall coverage, even on the
          Today
 programme which I like.
Even
          Gardeners' Question Time
 managed to get something on the Diamond Jubilee into the programme.
Also, when there is nothing to say about the celebrations, programmes go back in history to talk about Queen Victoria and other monarchs.
I think the BBC is acting as publicity agent for the royals.
I have nothing against the Royal Family personally, it's the institution that I disagree with.
Their power is played down - they have enormous power that they lend to the prime minister of the day.
The anniversary just means that it has been 60 years of not having the right to choose our head of state - I won't even start with their costs.
There has been far too much hype about the Diamond Jubilee. I expect more from the BBC as they're supposed to give a balanced view.
There have been republican viewpoints but they have been minimal.
I have done my best to avoid any Jubilee activity.
Apart from visiting my mother-in-law who is a staunch royalist I hoped to be far from the maddening crown and the media overkill - It's been way too much.
I don't see why we're celebrating.
The whole thing has turned us all into children with all the flag waving and face painting.
It has been a miserable four days of endless details about the Diamond Jubilee - I'm sick of hearing about it all.
I need to emigrate to France or somewhere!
The Queen is just a woman who has been very lucky.
In my mother-in-law's village, people take it in turns to hold garden parties.
This year it was my mother-in-law's turn and this year it took on a greater significance with lots of bunting.
There has been no escape - I've had to sneak off to read a book.
I've been at work, finishing on Sunday, and I have avoided looking at anything Jubilee related.
I'm trying to hold back my anger at the millions of pounds that have been spent this year for the Diamond Jubilee.
How many jobs could have been saved with that money in these times of austerity?
How many lives could have been saved around the world?
We are always seeing on TV how just Â£5 could give a family fresh water for a week or Â£5 could give a child life saving medication.
There are cutbacks in our police, yet wherever the Queen decides to go on her day trips, the police overtime bill for security must run into millions.
Those millions could have kept our police in jobs and kept them on our streets protecting the public all year around and not for a fleeting visit by the Royal Family.
I am not an anarchist - when Princess Diana died I signed a book of condolence, and last year I was happy about the wedding of William and Kate.
I'm proud to be British and I have nothing against people celebrating, but I get infuriated when I visualise how that money could be better spent.
Interviews by AndrÃ©e Massiah

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On 21 April the Queen celebrates her 90th birthday and to mark the event we present an image from the archives of the Press Association from every year of her life.
Some of these images appeared before in a picture gallery when the Queen became the longest-reigning monarch in British history.


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Question: Peterborough manager Graham Westley is confident his side can recover from a run of five League One defeats.

Posh dropped to 16th in the table after losing 3-1 at Bury on Tuesday.
"We've given the fans some massive highs and now we're giving them a ridiculous low," said Westley.
"I hope people understand the reality of the situation. We had a team in November that won six straight and we're sick of talking about it, but we've lost eight of those in this run."
He told BBC Radio Cambridgeshire: "We've been blooding players, given them their debuts and we've looked a bit disjointed - the little errors are adding up and costing us dear.
Westley's side were in the play-off places in mid-January, but since selling top scorer Conor Washington to QPR, Posh have only scored six league goals.
And they have lost every game since their FA Cup fourth round penalty shootout defeat by Premier League West Brom on 10 February, with injuries to midfielder Chris Forrester and striker Lee Angol proving untimely.
"Two or three weeks ago we were playing a Premier League side and matching them. We've had an awful period since then," said Westley.
"We have to take responsibility for what we are serving up, but we will get it right. We're all hardworking people, we know what we're doing, we're good at our jobs."

The 56-year-old was sacked by Chester in April after a run of just one win in 10 put the club in a relegation fight.
Southport relieved Andy Bishop of his duties on Saturday with the side lying second from bottom in the table.
Ex-Kidderminster boss Burr takes over a side that has picked up four points from their first eight league matches of the season, suffering six defeats.


Question: Scunthorpe United have appointed caretaker boss Nick Daws as manager until the end of the season.

The 45-year-old will continue to be assisted by Andy Dawson, 37.
The duo were placed in temporary charge of the Iron in January following the sacking of Mark Robins and have led the side to four wins in five games.
"We've seen what they've done over the period they've been in charge and we have been impressed," chairman Peter Swann told the club website.
"They've worked very hard and the players are responding to them and we thought it was really important we kept that intact and it gives us a chance to still reach the play-offs.
"We've seen a natural course of events, with Nick leading the way with plenty of support from Andy and I think as a duo they work very well together."
The pair were placed in charge of the League One side after a 5-0 defeat by struggling Blackpool.
Saturday's 2-1 defeat by Fleetwood followed four successive victories, leaving them 13th in the table, but only eight points outside the play-off places.
The Glanford Park side face Oldham Athletic on Saturday.

Eyre, 45, was appointed to the coaching staff in February before being installed as assistant to manager Gary Caldwell in May.
"I'd like to thank Steve for the hard work he has put in during his time at the club," said Chesterfield director and company secretary Ashley Carson.
Chesterfield beat Port Vale on Saturday for their first win of the new season.


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Question: A former Miss Italy finalist has gone on national TV three months after acid was thrown in her face, allegedly by an ex-boyfriend.

Gessica Notaro, 27, was badly scarred and is in danger of losing the sight of an eye. Her former boyfriend is in custody.
On the TV show, to be broadcast late on Thursday, the former model took off a scarf covering her face.
"I want you to see what he did to me. This isn't love," she said.
Ms Notaro was initially told by renowned talk show host Maurizio Costanzo that she could keep the scarf on if she preferred. But she said she would rather remove it and that everyone had to see.
Her face has been badly disfigured and she has had several operations, including one aimed at saving the sight of her left eye, which is still bandaged.
The women fighting back after acid attacks
Ms Notaro works as a sea-lion trainer at a dolfinarium in the Adriatic resort of Rimini, She spent two months in hospital after the January attack and is now in constant pain.
Her story caught the public imagination and she has revealed her suffering on social media. She hopes to start a singing career with the launch of an album.
She broke up with her boyfriend, Jorge Edson Tavares, last summer.
After she went to police to complain that she was being stalked, a restraint order was imposed on him.
He has denied any involvement in the 10 January acid attack.
"While the acid ate away at my face I was on my knees praying," she told Maurizio Costanzo. "I prayed to God: take away my beauty but at least leave me with my sight."
For Italians, the attack is reminiscent of the case of a lawyer, Lucia Annibali. Her face was scarred when her ex-boyfriend paid two men in 2013 to throw acid in her face.
Both cases have highlighted violence against women in Italy.
Cabinet Secretary Maria Elena Boschi raised the attack on Gessica Notaro on International Women's Day (8 March).
During the recording of the talk show, Justice Minister Andrea Orlando said he would meet Ms Notaro on Thursday.

Zakia Medkour, now 43, met Maxime Gaget, 37, over the internet in 2007 and he moved into her Paris studio flat some months later.
But within months he had lost his job and she had taken away his credit and identity cards.
Cigarettes were stubbed out on his skin and he was forced to swallow sponges and window-cleaning fluid.
The case, seen in France as helping to lift a taboo on domestic abuse suffered by men, came to prominence when Mr Gaget wrote about his experiences in a book, My partner, my torturer.
French campaign groups say abuse by men against women is three times more common, but say as many as 7,000 men complain of abuse every year.
Domestic abuse claims the lives of one woman ever three days and one man every 13 days, they estimate.
Mr Gaget described how his life soon turned into a nightmare when he moved in with Medkour, who lived with her two children in a 25 sq m (270 sq ft) flat.
Threatened with being labelled a paedophile by his partner if he complained, he was forced to sleep on the floor near the front door and barred from using the bathroom as well as being burned with a white-hot knife.
Prosecutors had called for a five-year jail term for Medkour, describing her actions as "beyond violence".
She was given 18 months in prison with another 18 months suspended and a fine of â‚¬200,000 (Â£140,000).
Mr Gaget was eventually rescued by his parents after his partner's brother raised the alarm and later had eight hospital operations because of his injuries
He said he had expected a longer sentence than 18 months but accepted his ex-partner's sentence.
"I'm finally going to be able to turn the page," he said.
Medkour's lawyers blamed her addiction to alcohol and she apologised for her actions. "I'm not heartless," she was quoted as saying.


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Question: "When the first refugees arrived here in Oberhausen we had a big welcome culture, this has calmed down," says Joerg Fischer, manager of a Red Cross refugee transit camp in Oberhausen in Germany.

In the six months since BBC News first visited Oberhausen, the mood here has changed.
The majority of people still welcome new arrivals, but there are some who say they are creating a strain on a local economy with an 11% rate of unemployment.
Oberhausen lies in the western region of North Rhine-Westphalia, which took in an estimated 21% of asylum seekers in 2015, more than anywhere else in the country.
Nearly 3,000 refugees, many fleeing conflict in Iraq, Syria and Afghanistan, settled in Oberhausen last year.
A BBC team first visited in October 2015 and has returned to speak to aid workers, residents and the asylum seekers themselves.
How was Oberhausen coping when the BBC visited in 2015?
Last October, Joerg Fischer was struggling with the constant flow of new arrivals in his refugee transit camp in Central Oberhausen.
But since the start of the year, the closure of border crossings in the Balkans has significantly reduced the movement of migrants into Europe.
"We are on top of the situation. This is why we can close down this camp for example… but still we do not think it is the end of this situation… that is why this camp will be on standby and will not be terminally closed."
Many of the migrants and refugees who arrived at the Red Cross transit camps have now been rehoused in private accommodation.
By late April, 1,721 migrants were living in homes provided for by the city council. A further 1,092 were living in the camps.
Twenty two-year-old Khaled Kohestani, from Afghanistan, is one of the lucky ones. He's just moved into a one-bedroom flat with his wife and baby after three months of living in a camp.
Khaled has begun learning German and is looking for work. He says he's been treated very well by the people of Oberhausen, but has struggled at times to understand German customs:
"When we get on the bus in our country everyone is friendly and they say hello to each other," says Khaled with a smile on his face.
"But here people are just sitting and they just want to keep their privacy. We tried to be quiet and not say anything because we are scared, we don't know the rules, maybe it's illegal to talk? But nowadays I understand it and it has become a little better for me."
Social etiquette has also become an issue at AQUApark, Oberhausen's biggest swimming pool. General Manager Timor Schrimer says the pool's rules have been printed in Arabic on leaflets to help the new arrivals understand German customs.
It follows an incident where a German woman was groped in the pool by a migrant. The police were called to the swimming pool and arrested a man. He's since released without being prosecuted.
Oberhausen police say there have been seven recorded cases of disturbances relating to the new arrivals since July 2015. Most were due to anti-social behaviour in residential areas surrounding the refugee camps.
Tom Litges, Oberhausen's Chief Police Inspector says the cases don't represent a significant rise in crime.
But after hundreds of sex attacks were carried out on women on New Year's Eve in nearby Cologne, some Oberhausen residents began calling for civil patrols.
The police organised a live Facebook Q&A session to reassure residents.
"We could explain that the situation in Oberhausen was completely different than that night in Cologne and that calmed the situation down," says Mr Litges.
211,888
population of Oberhausen
2,813
are refugees
12,815 people in the town  are unemployed (11.7% unemployment rate)
1,312 of them are under 25 (11.5% youth unemployment rate)
228 of the 305 refugee job centre candidates are from Syria
Svenja Beyer has been teaching at an integration school, set up especially to explain the German language and way of life.
Since the BBC's last visit to Oberhausen, her class has grown from 10 to 34 pupils from nine different countries. It's made controlling the classroom a lot harder.
"We have problems with aggressive behaviour and fights between different ethnic groups," says Ms Beyer.
"We have situations that Muslim boys don't want to sit on one table with Christian girls.  Integration is difficult for some pupils. But there are really good children where integration is [going] well. They come here and after three weeks they speak German fluently."
For elderly residents of the Haus Abendfrieden retirement home in Oberhausen, the key to successful integration lies in good communication between the newcomers and German citizens.
"I think that many Germans don't want to deal with the whole thing, let alone to help those that need it, be it in general or in the street. They just close their mind," says 75-year-old Vera Hufer.
"It is important to reach out to foreigners and ask them 'may I help you?' … If we all put a little effort into it, then it will work."

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

He was swinging on a rope hung between two large flowerpots when one fell and crushed him, state prosecutor Jost Schuetzeberg told Reuters news agency.
Authorities in Eschweiler have ordered a post-mortem examination but say there is no indication of a criminal offence.
The boy and his family arrived there four weeks ago after a journey of more than 4,000km (2,500 miles) from Iraq.
He was taken to hospital but later died of head injuries, local media reported (in German).
The boy was attending the welcoming party, organised by local citizens and aid groups, together with his parents and his nine-year-old brother, city spokesman Rene Costantini said.
"It was a very tragic accident," he said, adding that the parents and the brother had been offered psychological help.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The risk of blackouts this winter has increased compared with a year ago, according to National Grid.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

It says the closure of some power stations will have left spare capacity on the system at just 1.2% - the worst for a decade.
The grid has secured extra supplies by paying Â£36m to have several plants on standby and by asking some industries to switch off power.
The move will add 50 pence to the typical household energy bill.
However, it also means overall spare capacity is now expected to be about 5%.
"It's clear that electricity margins for that coldest, darkest half hour of winter are currently tighter than they have been, due to power stations closures", said Cordi O'Hara, National Grid's director of market operations.
To ensure the lights stay on, for the second year running, National Grid will pay firms like Centrica and SSE to keep power plants in reserve.
It is also paying large energy users, such as Tata Steel, to switch off.
A total of 2.56GW of power has been secured, which National Grid said would increase overall margins to 5.1%.
That is still lower than the spare capacity available last winter after similar measures.
"As system operator, we feel we've taken a sensible precaution again this winter to buy some extra services", said Cordi O'Hara.
"Together with the tools we already use to balance the network these additional services will significantly increase the energy reserve available this winter."
Keeping the lights on is getting more challenging.
EU regulations have forced older polluting power plants to close.
Low wholesale power prices have continued that trend making some plants uneconomic to keep open.
Around 2GW of power has come off the system since last year with the closure of plants including Barking Power Station, Ferrybridge and Littlebrook.
"The economics of generation are terrible" said Peter Atherton, a utilities analyst at Jefferies Investment Bank.
"Every gas fired plant is losing money. And new build is not delivering. Hence the underlying margins are getting worse".
The government insists that the lights will stay on this winter.
"Our priority is to ensure that British families and business have access to secure affordable energy supplies that they can rely on", said Energy Minister Andrea Leadsom.
"National Grid have confirmed that our plan to power the economy is working - and it means that the lights will stay on this winter as well as making sure our homes and businesses have the gas and electricity they need in the future."
National Grid is now looking at whether it will need to secure more standby generation for the next two years.
It had been assumed that the spare capacity on the power network would hit a low in the coming winter and then increase in subsequent years.
But National Grid now says that owing to uncertainties, it is no longer clear that margins will recover in the winter of 2016-17.
National Grid will now consult on this and will publish final margin figures for the coming winter in the autumn.

The company said it wanted to "realise the value it has created in the networks" and would return the money to shareholders.
National Grid's gas business owns 82,000 miles of pipeline, and delivers gas to about 11 million domestic, industrial and commercial customers.
The company reported a 15% rise in half-year pre-tax profit to Â£1.348bn.
Asked about the fears of power supply shortages this winter, Steve Holliday, National Grid's chief executive, told the BBC's Today programme that the winter would be "tight but manageable" under normal circumstances.
He added that the extra measures that National Grid had taken to deal with the tightness of supply were the cheapest way, at a cost of 50p per household, to balance supply and demand.
Last week, it was forced to ask the power industry to generate more electricity, as well as request that heavy users switch to back-up supplies, as a result of multiple energy plant breakdowns. That was the first such request since 2012.
The company expects to issue seven more of these alerts - known as a Notification of Inadequate System Margin (NISM) - this winter to balance supply and demand for electricity this winter.
In July, it warned that this winter would see the tightest supply margin for power since 2009.
The sale of the gas pipelines is expected in 2016.
"The UK gas distribution business has been an important part of National Grid and the sale of a majority stake will realise some of the value we have created for our shareholders," Mr Holliday said.
The Sunday Times has previously reported that the business could be worth Â£10bn.


Question: represent the input

Question: Lee Clark had to be content with a draw as he tasted top-flight football in Scotland for the first time as Kilmarnock manager.

Two goal-line clearances frustrated the hosts' Josh Magennis in the first half.
Dundee had the better of the second half and saves by Jamie MacDonald denied Paul McGowan and Kane Hemmings.
A point may well prove vital in Killie's quest to avoid the relegation play-off spot, which they currently occupy.
The Rugby Park side have taken four points from the last six available, leaving them level with Partick Thistle and 11 points ahead of Dundee United, while Dundee's fine run extends to five games unbeaten.
The Ayrshire side almost got their new manager's Premiership stewardship off to the perfect start.
Craig Slater and Greg Kiltie combined to release Magennis, who turned Darren O'Dea before slotting the ball beyond goalkeeper Scott Bain only for Kevin Holt to clear off the line.
Magennis was proving a handful for the Dundee defence and he brought out a fine save from Bain with a driven shot.
Greg Stewart had the visitors' first real effort after getting beyond Kevin McHattie but his angled shot was deflected wide by the outstretched leg of Conrad Balatoni.
It was a fast tempo affair but the home side came close from two corner kicks.
Gary Dicker volleyed McHattie's cross just over and Magennis then had a header blocked on the line by Nick Ross.
In between those chances a Slater free-kick from wide on the left almost caught out Bain but the keeper managed to readjust and flick the ball away.
On the half-hour mark after withstanding some Killie pressure Stewart robbed Slater in the middle of the park before setting up Rory Loy, a former Killie youth player, who turned a first-time effort over the bar.
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Paul Hartley's team started the second period sprightly and Hemmings blasted wide from 20 yards within seconds of the restart.
The big striker then turned provider, setting up Paul McGowan for a powerful left-foot shot from 12 yards that was superbly turned round the post by MacDonald.
Hemmings, who had scored 14 goals in his previous 14 appearances, looked again to add to his tally with another sweet strike that MacDonald blocked well diving to his left.
The visitors came close to clinching the winner right at the end when Thomas Konrad nodded just wide of MacDonald's left-hand post.

Hendrick headed the opener from close-range, just moments after Rams keeper Lee Grant tipped a free kick from David Symington on to the crossbar.
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Martin volleyed in Johnny Russell's cross for the second in injury time.
Steve McClaren's Championship side have won two out of two so far this season after beating Rotherham on Saturday.
Graham Kavanagh's team though have lost both of their games so far and are still to score, after starting their league campaign with defeat at home to newly promoted Luton Town on Saturday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Sainsbury's has scrapped its plans to create around 500 jobs with a new store in Pembrokeshire.

The company announced on Friday that following a review, the 60,000 sq ft (5,570 sq m) superstore at Slade Lane, Haverfordwest, was "no longer viable".
Pembrokeshire council leader Jamie Adams said he recognised the "economic pressures" the firm was under.
Sainsbury's has now sold the land back to development company Conygar which is building 700 homes at the site.
A Sainsbury's spokesman said: "Since the proposals were first announced shopping patterns have changed considerably, with an increased customer focus on convenience and online food shopping."
A spokesman for Conygar said the land would be incorporated into its plans to build 729 residential units on the 86 acre (34 hectare) site.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The supermarket bought Kiddicare, which is best best-known as an internet retailer, last year for Â£70m.
Morrisons will spend Â£15m converting the outlets and says it will create 700 jobs as part of its plan to give the chain a physical retail presence.
Kiddicare currently only runs one store, which is in Peterborough.
It is the largest children's outlet in Europe.
The new outlets will offer drive-in services such as children's car seat-fitting.
Kiddicare chief executive Scott Weavers-Wright said: "These 10 flagship stores will put Kiddicare within easy driving distance of nearly a third of the UK population."
Kiddicare's main rival, Mothercare, has been struggling to reverse falling sales.
The purchase leaves just one Best Buy store - the one in Derby. The chain was brought to the UK through a joint venture between its US parent and Carphone Warehouse.
They were intended to shake up electrical retailing, but were closed this month.
Kiddicare said that although the acquisition would create 700 jobs, it would not be taking on the 1,100 former Best Buy workers, who are understood to have taken other roles within Carphone Warehouse.
Morrisons plans to start opening the new stores in Merry Hill, Aintree, Rotherham, Nottingham, Thurrock, Hedge End, Croydon, Hayes, Bristol and Enfield by the autumn.


Question:
this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

The provided query could be '['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'Two women have been rescued following a suspected arson attack on a house in Bournemouth.']' and the positive '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The neighbours entered the burning property in Milford Drive, on Sunday afternoon in an attempt to rescue two cats, police said. The occupants were not home at the time.\nThe women had inhaled smoke and were taken to hospital with breathing difficulties. The cats were unharmed.\nFire destroyed the front door and caused heavy smoke damage to the house.\nDorset Police said it believed the fire had been started deliberately through the cat flap in the front door of the property at about 15:00 BST.\nOfficers are appealing for witnesses or anyone with CCTV to get in touch.\nDet Con Luke Davis said: "I am appealing to anyone who saw suspicious activity near to the property during that afternoon, particularly anyone seen in the garden or the front drive of the property just before 3pm, to please contact me.\n"If you have any information about the cause or motive of the fire, please contact Dorset Police or call Crimestoppers anonymously."']' and the negative '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Fire crews and paramedics were called to Cuthbert Road, Cheadle, at 20:00 GMT on Saturday.\nShe was taken to Manchester Children\'s Hospital, where she is being treated for burns to her back, hand and leg.\nSeveral fires started by lit candles have been reported in Greater Manchester during the past two weeks.\nGreater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service said a man "was left homeless" on Friday after a house fire in Bolton.\nOn Thursday, two people were taken to hospital after a lit candle caused a fire at a flat in Hyde.\nIn a third fire, the roof of two terraced homes in Moss Side was destroyed in the early hours of 11 December.']'

Question: Saracens boss Mark McCall fears more Premiership matches will have players sent off as referees start to interpret new guidance on high tackles.

Sarries had Richard Barrington red-carded after 10 minutes in their draw with Exeter after hitting Geoff Parling with his shoulder in a collision.
"It wasn't a reckless challenge and it wasn't a dangerous challenge, it was just an accident," he said.
"It's luck of the draw and you're going to end up with a crazy situation."
Under new rule interpretations brought in at the start of 2017 any contact with the head in "reckless tackles" will be penalised by referees with at least a yellow card.
Barrington knocked former England lock Parling out as he supported what was a high tackle by skipper Brad Barritt - who went unpunished.
"That would have been accidental a while ago and now it's a problem, now it's red card in a match of big significance and it's 15 versus 14," McCall told BBC Radio 5 live.
"In the old days red cards were for reckless, dangerous challenges and we're going to end up with a lot of games 15 against 14 or 14 against 14 for challenges which aren't reckless or dangerous, but are accidental and just happen."

It is the New Zealand-born back rower's third suspension of the season.
The 28-year-old was shown a red card for "charging dangerously" into the Romanian side's winger Madalin Lemnaru in Quins' 75-3 victory on Saturday.
Luamanu, who pleaded not guilty, can appeal against the independent disciplinary committee's decision.
The committee decided the offence was at the low end of World Rugby's sanctions and applied a two-week ban, but then added a further week because of Luamanu's poor disciplinary record.
The former Treviso player received a three-week ban in September for charging and a five-week ban last month for a dangerous tackle.
He is set to miss Premiership matches against Gloucester, Worcester and Sale and will be free to play again on Monday, 9 January.
"Mat was stooping down to make a tackle, the guy gets tackled and they bang heads," Quins head coach Mark Mapletoft told BBC Radio London.
"I don't think anybody runs into anybody purposely with their own head and certainly not in that type of situation. There has got to be some common sense."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Have the 2016 Olympics and Paralympics made you want to try a new sport?

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:
For example, ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The 29-year-old\'s contract was due to expire in 2018, having joined Monchengladbach from Bundesliga rivals VFB Stuttgart in 2014.\nHe has made 87 appearances for the club based in the North Rhine-Westphalia region of Germany, scoring 13 goals.\n"I\'m delighted to have been able to sort out my future early so I can concentrate on playing football for Borussia," said Traore.\n"I have been treated nicely by everyone here and by the fans, so I feel good.\n"I\'m feeling at home every day and I could not think of going away and start a new life somewhere else, this is home."\nCapped 33 times by his country, Traore only made 14 league appearances in a season blighted by injury.\nHe began his career in his country of birth France with Levallois SC, before switching to German side Hertha Berlin at the age of 18.\nHis career in Germany has also taken him to FC Augsburg and VfB Stuttgart, where he played 99 matches over the course of three years.'] should be similar to ['Represent this text', 'Guinea international winger Ibrahima Traore has extended his stay with Borussia Monchengladbach until 2021.']

Are you feeling inspired to venture out into the unknown? You don't have to be the next Jonnie Peacock or Laura Trott to try something new and get active.
Or how about trying your hand at all the Olympic and Paralympic events to see which suits you?
That is what John, Jen, Freya and Kathy did...
Two and a half years ago John Willis, 55, from Cambridge set up a charity 'Power2Inspire' to encourage people of all ages and abilities to take up sport together.
John was born without fully-formed limbs but has always had the passion to inspire. So last year he decided to challenge himself by attempting to take part in as many Paralympic and Olympic sports as he could.
"I want to inspire everybody to be more active and to join in," says John. "The benefits are not just physical but mental as well."
Originally the target was set at 34 sports and, at the time of writing, John has completed 28. One that he particularly enjoyed was judo:
"Judo was great fun and I wish I had learnt these skills at 15 not 55.
"When you are disabled you feel a lot more vulnerable in difficult situations than maybe other people do. So I was really thrilled to be taught some good self-defence moves.
"Using your body, hip and various other things to drag opponents towards you, you just twist and bang they go over - it's quite fun!
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"The journey was a great way of realising people of all different shapes and sizes are passionate about their sports.
"It was a privilege to make so many friends through shooting, judo, rowing, handball, goalball and boccia - such a variety and they have all been so fantastically welcoming.
"I've fallen in love with too many sports doing this. I got to play badminton with triple world champion para-badminton player Rachel Choong and to face my fear of horse riding.
"I was put off riding at an early age, so to get on a horse was a real mental challenge. But I did. I did dressage and I got a rosette!
"There has been so much laughter and happiness around the events; laughing at handball and having a great time at water polo even if I got dunked!
"Everybody has just been welcoming, fun, happy - and that's why people should take up sport."
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So if you fancy giving a new sport a go yourself but feel there might be barriers in the way, here is John's advice to you:
"Be bold, be brave and ask for help.  Ten or 20 years ago there was a reasonable excuse that as a disabled person you feel you might be rejected.
"There is no likelihood of that now - people are phenomenally helpful. We have done tennis, horse riding, badminton, sailing and everywhere we have been people have been so helpful.
"England Athletics allowed me to join in with hammer throwing in one of their competitions. It's not in the Paralympics but it was the one sport I could do without any help and they were wonderfully inclusive.
"So you may need to be patient and think about how you are going to do it, but just ask, because people are enthusiastic and willing to help."
After watching the 2012 London Olympics, Jen Offord went from being a sports novice to being inspired not just to get active but to try out every single women's Olympic sport.
If you want to, just do it  - there is no reason why you shouldn't
Thirty-eight new challenges later the positive effects of exercise had indoctrinated her. Four years on, her impressive list has been refined into two pet sports - boxing and cycling.
"It was just loads of fun really more than anything else," she recalls of the experience.
"As you get older you can lose that sense of fun and you have less time, so it was just really good fun and nice to do different things and get out of your comfort zone.
"The best thing about it for me was not just the fact that I had done all those sports, but that I pulled off the feat as a package.
"I felt quite proud especially because it took so much to plan.
"I did 37 of the 38 sports - women don't compete in Greco-Roman wrestling and I thought it's probably best to sit that one out!
"Before taking on this challenge I wasn't at all active. I had run a marathon when I was 26 and after I went to the odd gym class, but nothing like this.
"Now I'm quite regimented about working out because I like how I can get something good out of it.
"Watching the Olympics this year just made me want to do it all again.
"It was hard work but it was really worth it.
Find out how to get into just about any sport with our special guides
"I always say to my friends it was the best thing I've done in my adult life, because it has completely changed my life.
"So if you want to, just do it - there is no reason why you shouldn't.
"Take a friend if you feel nervous. It's a great social thing to do."
This year, Freya Rodger from south-east London decided to take up the challenge of Freyathlon after recovering from cancer, which had had a serious impact on her active lifestyle.
She suddenly found she wasn't as strong as she used to be and needed to build herself back up.
Freya's aim was to complete all the 41 Olympic events before the closing ceremony at the 2016 Rio Olympics.
Is it time to Make Your Move? Find out about the campaign promoting accessible, physical challenges for everyone here.
By the time the closing ceremony came around, Freya had completed 40 of the 41. She had been unable to complete the sailing after two failed attempts, because of algae and poor weather, but eventually rounded off her journey in style.
"My aim was to take part in sports in my area that had low or no cost," she says.
"Because I didn't want getting active to break the bank and I wanted to find out the range of activities available.
"One of the things that has been an absolute pleasure was discovering how many activities and how many sports are happening in church halls, parks, school halls - there are so many places that we can all access.
"I loved the BMX cycling, archery, table tennis, and oddly I discovered I really loved the triathlon.
"But the thing I was most excited about was the swimming.
"At the beginning of this year I had never swum a stroke before and I really didn't like putting my face in water.
"I took adult swim classes and learnt how to swim front crawl, then I had to build up stamina and learn to swim in a wet suit and in open water - so that feels very special.
"I'm really pleased I've been able to overcome the fear I had and I've done almost all the Olympic swimming programme. I struggled with butterfly but have done every distance including the 10k!"
"By the time the Olympics came around I'd done most of the events, but it made me appreciate the skills and training involved so much more.
"I had just scratched the surface of the all the events, but I was in awe of the elite athletes for the training, dedication, commitment, skills and attitude.
"I really appreciated them in a way I never had before and have a whole new level of respect for them.
"Setting myself this challenge, one of the things that struck me the most is how much I enjoyed being active every day.
"It doesn't mean every day I go to the gym now. It can be a walk in the park, cycling to work or going for a swim and I miss it when I'm not being active - it's become part of my day.
"Sometimes it's as easy as stepping out of the front door and going for a walk or a run."
And if you don't fancy leaving the comforts of your own home why not try out some sports indoors, like Kathy Porter did:
"I've always been passionate about all sports and it's fantastic to see people at the very top of their game performing to the best of their ability and having fun at the same time," said Kathy.
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"Watching them inspires me to take part and enjoy sport too, which has both physical and mental benefits. The Olympics made me get a golf club and a hockey stick out of the garage and have a swing and despite having MS I found that yes, I could still do it!
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"Enjoying sport is central to my sense of wellbeing. I'm even planning a tandem Sky Dive to raise funds for my favourite charity, the MS Trust - it's so important to make the most of every opportunity."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

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In an Olympic-inspired contest back in 2012, the BBC Breakfast presenters were challenged to a cycling competition around the velodrome at the National Cycling Centre in Manchester. It was here that Minchin discovered her competitive edge.
When a friend suggested she might enjoy triathlon, Minchin signed herself up and hasn't looked back. This week, the 46-year-old BBC presenter will compete for Britain in her age group at the ITU World Championships in Chicago.
"I didn't even know what triathlon was before 2012," she says. "You can do triathlon at any level...one of the most fun things is doing it as a relay with some friends."
Get Inspired caught up with Minchin in Loughborough where she met up with some members of the GB Para-triathlon team to pick up some training tips.
Has Louise Minchin inspired you to give triathlon a go? Visit our dedicated guide for  information and tips on how to get into the activity.
Ready to take on the same course as the professionals? Sign up for the World Triathlon in Leeds in June 2016.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Patients who need facial surgery and those recovering from strokes could benefit from pioneering 3D modelling of their head movements.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Scientists at Cardiff University are using cutting-edge face scanners developed by American firm 3dMD.
The technology can also record the facial movements of two individuals simultaneously while they talk.
Experts say it allows more detailed analysis than is possible by direct observation or video recordings.
The technology converts pictures from a series of cameras into a moving 3D model of a patient's head which is then recorded.
The university's dental school is already using the technology to help surgeons treating people who need surgery such as cleft lip operations.
But it is hoped it could also be developed to provide early diagnosis of neurological conditions such as Parkinson's disease which can affect facial movements.
"In the dental school we're interested in how faces move and how lips move in relation to speech. We've been using this system to look at outcomes after surgery," said consultant orthodontist Dr Hashmat Popat.
"For example a surgeon repairing a cleft lip or palate could review the lip to make sure the muscles are connected together and functioning properly.
"But we're also looking to develop links with stroke clinicians to look at the rehabilitation of facial movements.
"And we're trying to set up links with neurologists to look at early diagnosis of Parkinson's disease - looking at how the faces of people who are at high risk of developing neurological conditions move."
Researchers at computer sciences and informatics have been involved in developing the computer code that allows even tiny facial movements to be studied.
By linking two separate scanners together the facial expressions of two individuals can be analysed while they talk to each other which could contribute to research in psychology.
Dr Popat added: "When we're talking to each other you can see that our lips are moving. But I may have other subtle nuances around my eyes or on my forehead or around the side of my face. And the tools we have at the moment for assessing that are very crude.
"By analysing conversations we can look at how people emotionally react to each other.
"It's very exciting to be involved in pioneering research which is right at the cutting edge."
Prof David Marshall, from the university's school of computer science and informatics, said: "This is a brand new research area.
"With two systems linked together we can look at conversation expressions. We're trying to figure out how humans perceive expressions and react to them.
"So we work not only with the dentistry department but also with psychologists.
"It's a great relationship between different parts of the university. They provide us with the technical challenges which we need to solve and we provide usable code."
3dMD, the company that developed the scanners, says it is also excited by the research at Cardiff University's use of its equipment.
Chief executive Chris Lane said: "As 3dMD develops its ground breaking technology to the next level, there has been no question that we have to work closely with the team who has had the most published research experience to date in the field of dynamic 3D applications.
"The team at Cardiff University has pushed 3dMD to make many breakthroughs, to understand and quantify the subtleties of soft tissue deformation during facial movement in babies, children and adult subjects."
The technology on which the system is based costs around Â£250,000.
The project was financed in part by money from the Welsh government.
However the researchers predict as cost decrease similar scanners could be rolled out more widely in clinical departments and that may mean hundreds of Welsh patients a year could benefit.
Dr Popat said: "Fifty patients a year are born with a cleft lip and palate a year in south Wales alone. And over 600 patients a year have strokes in Cardiff alone.
"So in terms of impact we eventually we could use this technology to help tens of patients a week."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

Based on CT scans, the organs are fitted into a realistic synthetic "body" and connected to pumps which mimic human breathing and blood flow.
Nottingham Trent University, with the NHS and Ministry of Defence, used silicone gels to replicate the feel of human tissue.
Bespoke models could now be created to prepare for individual operations.
Richard Arm, of Nottingham Trent University's School of Art & Design, said he was asked to come up with a heart model for a surgeon who wanted to practice performing an implant.
He said: "When making more organs, the trickiest part was the flexibility.
"The heart has 17 different 'hardnesses' so 'does it feel right?' turns out to be a bit vague.
"Then we put them together and I knew we were getting it right when I started to feel sick."
The prototype - officially known as a thoracic trauma trainer - will be exhibited to trauma treatment experts.
After feedback, two models are due to be produced for the MoD by December 2017.
Colonel Peter Mahoney, emeritus professor at Defence Medical Services, said the requirement was for training equipment that was portable, robust and reusable, while "also achieving a realism" that had only previously been possible with dead bodies.
He added: "We wanted to start with the chest, because it is a common area connected with trauma, but if it could be created with realistically-moving lungs and blood vessels then any other body parts would be possible."
Future developments could include the brain, eyes, stomach, pancreas, liver and kidneys, the vascular system in a person's legs and bespoke models for patient-specific preoperative surgical planning.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Figures released on Thursday by Dublin Airport suggest the number of people from Northern Ireland using its routes have hit new heights.

1.2m journeys were taken by people who have gone to the Republic of Ireland in 2015 - 37% more than in 2014.
London's Heathrow was the most popular route from Dublin, followed by JFK in New York and Dubai.
George Best Belfast City Airport handled about 2.7m passengers in 2015 and Belfast International 4.4m.
Dublin Airport is the fastest growing major airport in Europe.
A spokesperson said the "significant increase" in passengers from Northern Ireland "was due in part to an expanded route network."
The airport serves 180 destinations in 40 countries.
Analysis by BBC NI's business correspondent, Julian O'Neill
Breaking the 1m barrier was inevitable - Dublin's recent growth has felt insatiable.
An improved motorway, Ireland's abolition of Air Passenger Duty and currency exchanges - until lately at least - have all fed its popularity.
But the biggest factor is route choice and flight frequency.
All told, Northern Ireland's airports offer only about one third of Dublin's total destinations.
It would be wrong to suggest Dublin is only capitalising on a dearth of long-haul options in the north.
Britain and continental Europe accounted for eight of the top ten routes for Northern Ireland passengers in 2015.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

During July, 1,332,282 passengers passed through the airport - a 9.6% increase on the same month last year.
The head of Edinburgh Airport said that despite the growth, there was evidence the Brexit vote had damaged the aviation business.
Chief executive Gordon Dewar also said it further highlighted the cause for a cut in Air Passenger Duty.
Scottish ministers have said they will cut the duty by 50% between 2018 and 2021.
While domestic passenger numbers at the airport actually fell 3.6% in 2016 compared with 2015, the airport saw an 18.5% increase on international passengers over the period.
Mr Dewar said: "European airports' growth for the first half of the year is at 4.9%; our growth over same six-month period compared to the last year is more than double that.
"Despite our encouraging growth, there is evidence of damage to the aviation business that has followed the Brexit vote - this further highlights the need to reduce Air Passenger Duty as soon as possible.
"Cutting APD will be a strong demonstration of Scotland's international ambitions. It will send a powerful signal to the global airline market that Scotland is most definitely open for business, and would go some way to counter the negative business impact of the UK's plans to leave the EU."
Glasgow Airport also saw its passenger numbers top the one million mark, with 1,018,433 boarding flights in July - a rise of 6.4% on a year ago.
Its numbers are slowly returning to the 2006 highs seen before the financial crisis, when the annual figure topped 8.8 million passengers.
However, Aberdeen International Airport saw its passenger numbers drop by nearly 16%, with 293,136 people using the airport in July.
International and domestic traffic was down 8.4% and 18.7% respectively, with helicopter traffic also down 22.3%.
Despite the drop and the North Sea oil downturn, airport bosses said they were pushing ahead with Â£20m plans to extend the existing terminal.


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Question: Sunderland striker Jermain Defoe says his move to Bournemouth is going ahead and he has had a medical with the Premier League side.

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The England international, 34, joined the Black Cats in January 2015, scoring 15 league goals this season before they were relegated to the Championship.
A teenage Defoe spent the 2000-01 season on loan at Bournemouth from West Ham, scoring in 10 successive matches.
Asked whether the move was definitely happening, Defoe said: "Well, yeah."
Defoe is in the England squad for the World Cup qualifier against Scotland on Saturday and a friendly against France three days later.
"It's out there, a lot of people obviously knew," he said. "I did a medical and said when this is finished and I've had a break, come July everyone will know anyway."

Taylor, 23, joins the Clarets on a four-year contract.
The full-back turned down an offer to stay at Leeds, where he was out of contract, but Burnley will still have to pay a fee as he is under 24.
Republic of Ireland forward Walters, 33, is also heading for Turf Moor after Burnley agreed a fee with Stoke that could reach £3m.
Taylor, who made 104 appearances for Leeds, said: "I've been there since I was nine and I knew it was the right time. There were so many things that attracted me to Burnley; it ticks every box and it was a no-brainer really.
"That's the huge attraction of the Premier League, just everything about it. Week in, week out, you are playing teams like Chelsea and Manchester United, so I just can't wait to get started."
Burnley have so far been unable to agree a fee with Leeds for Taylor, and the matter is likely to be settled by a tribunal.
Walters has spent seven years at Stoke, scoring 43 goals in 226 Premier League appearances, and is thought to be keen to link up with Burnley manager Sean Dyche.
Clarets striker Andre Gray, who has reportedly rejected a new contract, has been linked with a £15m move to fellow Premier League side West Ham.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


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Question: Steven Davis scored twice as Southampton came from behind to beat second-placed Tottenham.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Home forward Son Heung-min chased a lost cause for the opener, gliding past Fraser Forster and coolly tucking the ball into an open net.
The visitors equalised through Davis, who slotted in under Hugo Lloris following Dusan Tadic's cut-back.
Spurs's Jan Vertonghen had a header cleared off the line, before midfielder Davis stroked in the winner.
Substitute Nacer Chadli could have saved a point for the hosts deep in stoppage time, but his poked effort was kept out by the big frame of Forster.
Having challenged for the Premier League title for most of the season, Tottenham now lie 10 points adrift of champions Leicester and are hanging on to second spot, two points ahead of local rivals Arsenal.
Relive the match from White Hart Lane
Manager Mauricio Pochettino has been praised this season for instilling in Tottenham a steeliness they had lacked in the past.
Nevertheless, having been the Foxes' closest challengers they have come up short, and dropping 20 points from winning positions - the most in the division - has clearly played a big part.
Arsene Wenger's Arsenal now have a chance to overtake Spurs and continue a run that has seen them finish above their north London rivals every season since 1995 - having missed out on the title, that would be a further, bitter blow.
The hosts did take the lead through South Korean Min's calm finish, but could not find a way past England international Forster thereafter.
The big goalkeeper got down quickly to save Christian Eriksen's effort in the first half and made a sharp stop off top scorer Harry Kane, who remains on 25 for the season.
The Premier League has been awash with remarkable stories this season. Leicester were shock winners, holders Chelsea produced a calamitous collapse, while Aston Villa finished bottom after a disastrous campaign.
Southampton, however, have every right to be considered one of the season's big success stories. Their 36 points in 2016 is only bettered by the tally of 41 from Claudio Ranieri's side, while they have already equalled their best ever Premier League total of 60, achieved under boss Ronald Koeman last term.
Saints' victory means they climb to sixth and are still in with a chance of a Europa League spot with one game remaining.
Centre-back Virgil van Dijk, who recently signed a new six-year deal, showed why there may be interest from bigger clubs with an accomplished performance to keep Kane at bay and 12 clearances in the match.
Victor Wanyama made his presence felt in the middle of the park, producing a match-high seven tackles and three interceptions, while playmaker Tadic has now been involved in eight goals in their last four games.
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Tottenham boss Mauricio Pochettino: "We are still in a great position and if we look back to the start of the season we all should be proud. We need to look at ourselves, not at our neighbour.
"We need to think like a big club, not worrying about what's happening in another house. We need to change that mentality, to be strong, to be a big club."
Southampton manager Ronald Koeman: "It's a great win for us, because to win here against Tottenham, one of the best teams in the league, is a big result.
"If we can win next week at home we will have 63 points - a really fantastic achievement by the team. We like to play in Europe, and it's important for the clubs and the players."
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Tottenham will look to end the season on a high when they travel to Newcastle in their last game of the season on Sunday (15:00 BST), while Southampton end their campaign at home to Crystal Palace on the same day.

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However, the draw did extend Chelsea's lead at top of the Premier League to nine points.
Liverpool keeper Mignolet made up for his first-half embarrassment when he was beaten by David Luiz's superb free-kick from 25 yards.
Georginio Wijnaldum's close-range header in the second-half gave Liverpool a draw they fully deserved, ending a run of three home losses in a row.
However, it could have been much better for Chelsea and worse for Liverpool when Costa went to ground 14 minutes from the end.
Referee Mark Clattenburg pointed to the spot but Mignolet dived low to his right to save the Spain striker's spot-kick.
Arsenal 1-2 Watford: Arsenal's Premier League title hopes suffered a huge blow with a shock home defeat as Watford secured their first top-flight win over the Gunners since 1988.
Bournemouth 0-2 Crystal Palace: Crystal Palace finally earned a Premier League victory under Sam Allardyce as goals by Scott Dann and Christian Benteke secured the points against Bournemouth away at a rain-swept Vitality Stadium.
Burnley 1-0 Leicester City: Burnley secured their fifth home Premier League win in a row with victory over Leicester at Turf Moor, thanks to Sam Vokes' late goal.
Middlesbrough 1-1 West Bromwich Albion: Middlesbrough came back from a goal down but were left frustrated as a hard-working West Brom claimed a point at the Riverside Stadium.
Swansea City 2-1 Southampton: Swansea boosted their Premier League survival hopes and secured back-to-back wins for the first time this season with a spirited victory over Southampton.
Sunderland 0-0 Tottenham: Title-chasing Tottenham had to settle for a point at the Stadium of Light as Sunderland climbed off the bottom of the table with a hard-fought draw.


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Question: Yannick Bolasie struck late for Crystal Palace to secure a draw in a match which Arsenal completely dominated.

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Arsenal should have won comfortably to leapfrog Manchester City into third but instead they remain fourth in a nervy race for a Champions League spot.
Alexis Sanchez headed in Danny Welbeck's chip to give the Gunners the lead but they lacked a killer instinct to put the result beyond doubt.
Bolasie then struck from distance, beating Petr Cech at his near post.
The Congolese forward's equaliser alarmingly sucked the energy out of Arsenal and it was their London rivals who seemed more likely to score in the dying minutes.
Wilfried Zaha had the home defence backpedalling with a surging run into the box, but luckily for the Gunners a heavy touch from the winger allowed Gabriel to nick the ball.
It was a performance which summed up Arsenal's season. They missed a number of opportunities, had more than 70% of the possession but once again failed to secure three points in a match they were expected to win.
The Gunners have collected eight points from their past six home games and it is that form which has ruined their title hopes and is threatening to wreck their ambitions of competing in next season's Champions League.
Arsenal still enjoy a four-point cushion over Manchester United in fifth and are level on points with City in third, but two draws in their past two games has increased the pressure on Arsene Wenger and his men in the run-in.
Wenger has not failed to qualify for the Champions League during his 20-year tenure, but his critics will point out that neither has the club finished higher than third in their past 10 campaigns.
The tale of this match was a familiar one to Arsenal fans and a nervous energy remained around the stadium even after Sanchez had put the hosts ahead in first-half stoppage time.
Arsenal created chances, notably Ozil and Sanchez free-kicks, a hooked Danny Welbeck effort and another Sanchez header. Midway through the second half nine Arsenal players had made more passes than Palace's top passer, but as has often been the case, the Gunners were unable to put the game to bed.
Palace enjoyed their first victory of the year last weekend, courtesy of Jason Puncheon's winner over Norwich, but they remain winless on the road in eight league matches.
There was no hint in the first half that the FA Cup semi-finalists would snatch a point from this match. Rarely did they visit the opposition half and all their energy went into containing the creativity of Ozil and Sanchez.
But manager Alan Pardew must be praised for his attacking substitutions after the break, introducing former Arsenal striker Emmanuel Adebayor, much to the chagrin of the home support, and Zaha to support the lively Bolasie.
Even with extra creativity in their ranks, the visitors created little. Until Bakary Sako's header from a corner in the 76th minute they had had no chance on goal in the second half.
But with a point giving the Londoners an extra cushion from the relegation scrap between Newcastle, Sunderland and Norwich, Pardew will care little about his team's lack of flair at Emirates Stadium.
Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger: "It is very difficult - we had a lot of possession but did not make enough of it. We lacked a change of pace, sharpness.
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"They defended well. We put a lot of effort in but came out with a frustrating result. It is hard to accept but the competition goes on and we focus on the next one.
"I don't know how it works mathematically but we are too disappointed to think about the league. We have to think about the Champions League and fight to be in the Champions League.
"We have another home game on Thursday and have to prepare for that."
Crystal Palace boss Alan Pardew: "It was an important point for us. It means two of the teams below us have to get 40 points and with our goal difference it will be difficult for them.
"It makes it easier for us to look forward to the FA Cup semi-final and look to get to mid table which is where I think we belong.
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"The cup runs has affected us but I think we have put that to bed - we can't keep leaning on that and we needed to focus on the league. I think the players have taken that message on board and hopefully we can pick up something at Manchester United."
Crystal Palace travel to Old Trafford on Wednesday to play Manchester United before turning their attention to an FA Cup semi-final on 24 April against Watford. Arsenal will next host West Brom on 21 April before matches with relegation-threatened Sunderland and Norwich.
Match ends, Arsenal 1, Crystal Palace 1.
Second Half ends, Arsenal 1, Crystal Palace 1.
Foul by Laurent Koscielny (Arsenal).
Emmanuel Adebayor (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt missed. Bakary Sako (Crystal Palace) left footed shot from long range on the left is too high. Assisted by Yannick Bolasie.
Attempt saved. Gabriel Paulista (Arsenal) header from the centre of the box is saved in the centre of the goal. Assisted by Mesut Özil.
Gabriel Paulista (Arsenal) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Emmanuel Adebayor (Crystal Palace).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Joe Ledley (Crystal Palace) because of an injury.
Substitution, Arsenal. Theo Walcott replaces Mohamed Elneny.
Goal!  Arsenal 1, Crystal Palace 1. Yannick Bolasie (Crystal Palace) right footed shot from outside the box to the bottom left corner. Assisted by Emmanuel Adebayor.
Offside, Arsenal. Gabriel Paulista tries a through ball, but Olivier Giroud is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Alexis Sánchez (Arsenal) right footed shot from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left.
Attempt saved. Olivier Giroud (Arsenal) left footed shot from the centre of the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Mesut Özil with a cross.
Corner,  Crystal Palace. Conceded by Petr Cech.
Attempt missed. Bakary Sako (Crystal Palace) header from the left side of the six yard box is just a bit too high. Assisted by Yohan Cabaye with a cross following a corner.
Substitution, Arsenal. Aaron Ramsey replaces Alex Iwobi.
Substitution, Crystal Palace. Wilfried Zaha replaces Jason Puncheon.
Substitution, Arsenal. Olivier Giroud replaces Danny Welbeck.
Corner,  Crystal Palace. Conceded by Laurent Koscielny.
Scott Dann (Crystal Palace) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Danny Welbeck (Arsenal) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Scott Dann (Crystal Palace).
Foul by Laurent Koscielny (Arsenal).
Pape Souaré (Crystal Palace) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Corner,  Arsenal. Conceded by Joel Ward.
Attempt blocked. Nacho Monreal (Arsenal) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Arsenal. Conceded by Bakary Sako.
Attempt blocked. Nacho Monreal (Arsenal) left footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Héctor Bellerín with a cross.
Offside, Crystal Palace. Yohan Cabaye tries a through ball, but Emmanuel Adebayor is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Alexis Sánchez (Arsenal) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Mesut Özil following a set piece situation.
Nacho Monreal (Arsenal) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Joe Ledley (Crystal Palace).
Attempt missed. Alexis Sánchez (Arsenal) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Mesut Özil with a cross.
Attempt blocked. Mohamed Elneny (Arsenal) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt saved. Danny Welbeck (Arsenal) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Alexis Sánchez.
Alexis Sánchez (Arsenal) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Pape Souaré (Crystal Palace).
Substitution, Crystal Palace. Emmanuel Adebayor replaces Connor Wickham.


Question: Munster's top try scorer Ronan O'Mahony comes into the side which will try to secure a home European Champions Cup quarter-final by beating Racing 92.

In the only change to the back line, winger O'Mahony replaces Keith Earls who took a knock to the ribs in training this week.
Tommy O'Donnell is selected ahead of Jack O'Donoghue in the back row while James Cronin comes in at loose-head.
Pool leaders Munster have qualified while Racing are out of contention.
They secured their 16th European quarter-final in 19 seasons by beating Glasgow Warriors 14-12 at Scotstoun last weekend.
With extra seating installed, there will be a 26,200 sell-out crowd in Limerick where former Munster fly-half Ronan O'Gara will be in the opposition dug-out as part of the French club's coaching staff.
The match will be Munster's 60th top-level European game at Thomond Park, the Irish side having lost just four of the previous matches.
Munster:  Zebo; A Conway, J Taute, R Scannell, R O'Mahony; T Bleyendaal, C Murray; J Cronin, N Scannell, J Ryan; J Kleyn, D Ryan; P O'Mahony (capt), T O'Donnell, CJ Stander.
Replacements: R Marshall, D Kilcoyne, T du Toit, B Holland, J O'Donoghue, D Williams, I Keatley, F Saili.
Racing 92: B Dulin; T Thomas, H Chavancy, E Dussartre, M Andreu; B Dambielle, M Machenaud; EB Arous, C Chat, B Tameifuna, M Carizza, L Nakarawa, Y Nyanga, M Voisin, S Fa'aso'o.
Replacements: V Lacombe, J Brugnaut, C Gomes Sa, A Williams, C Masoe, J Hart, F Pourteau, A Vulivuli.

Bowe, 32, played in the first half of the game in Naas and came through unscathed before being replaced at half-time as had been the plan.
The Lions star had been out since sustaining a knee injury in Ireland's World Cup defeat by Argentina.
Bowe suffered posterior cruciate ligament and meniscal damage.
His return is a timely boost as the Belfast club attempt to secure a place in the Pro12 play-offs.
Les Kiss's men are currently fifth in the standings and have three matches left, against Zebre, Leinster and Ospreys.
Darren Cave captained the Ulster A team as they earned a 38-31 win in Thursday's game.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Large companies are confused about who should be in charge of dealing with the aftermath of cyber-attacks, according to new research.

The study by BAE Systems suggests senior managers expect IT staff to deal with data breaches, but technology bosses feel it should be board members.
The confusion could make firms more vulnerable to attacks, said BAE.
Both camps also had widely different estimates of how much a breach could cost, according to the research.
"Both sides seem to think that its the other's responsibility when it comes to a successful breach and that reflects a gap in understanding," said Dr Adrian Nish, head of the cyber-threat intelligence unit at BAE Systems.
The research had responses from 984 IT managers and 221 executives from Fortune 500 companies across the world.
It suggested that 50% of IT staff believed boardroom executives should take the lead when it comes to deciding how a company should respond and repair after it has been penetrated by hackers.
By contrast, more than a third of the chief executives questioned said IT staff should be the ones cleaning up, fixing problems and hardening defences.
The differing views could contribute to the inevitable confusion that follows when firms, both large and small, suffer a breach, said Dr Nish.
"That is definitely a weakness and it will lead to organisations not being prepared for oncoming attacks," he said.
The two groups also differed when asked about breach costs.
Technology bosses believed that, on average, a breach would cost a company about $19m (Â£15m).
The estimate included fines, legal fees, remediation expenses and compensation for customers. By contrast, boardroom members put an average price tag of $11.6m (Â£9.2m) on breaches.
"Any business you're in, whether it's media or pharmaceuticals or a charity, your business is involved in tech in some way, shape or form," said Adam Thilthorpe, director for professionalism at BCS, the chartered institute for IT.
"There are lots of people on the boards who think cybersecurity is not related to being a director of a company.
"How many TalkTalks does it take to realise the buck stops at the top?" he said, referring to a 2015 attack on the telecoms firm.
Oliver Parry, head of corporate governance at the Institute of Directors, said businesses should focus on "preventative measures" to protect against cyber-threats.
"As with other principle risks to a business, responsibility of outlining this strategy should fall with the board.
"Lasting cybersecurity only comes from embedding good practice throughout the culture of an organisation, starting from the top. No system or person alone can prevent indefinitely the threat of a cyber-attack."

The 100-page document highlights areas where the US falls short and calls on the private sector to help hasten the improvement of digital services.
President Barack Obama set up the commission in preparation for the new administration.
He said its recommendations should be followed within the first 100 days of Mr Trump's presidency.
"Now it is time for the next administration to take up this charge and ensure that cyberspace can continue to be the driver for prosperity, innovation, and change both in the United States and around the world,'’ the outgoing leader said.
However, the report is only advisory and Mr Trump could choose to ignore its suggestions.
Botnet attack
In its 16 recommendations, the Presidential Commission on Enhancing National Cybersecurity also suggested implementing a kind of “nutritional label” system for devices. The label would contain independent advice on how secure a particular device may or may not be.
Earlier this year it was discovered that thousands of poorly-designed webcams were hijacked by criminals to use in a botnet attack - a technique which involves directing large amounts of internet traffic to one target in order to overwhelm a system.
Army of webcams used in net attacks
What Trump means for tech
By alerting consumers to potential security risks - such as default passwords - this kind of situation could be avoided in future.
But the commission said it ultimately wanted to remove the burden of cybersecurity away from the general public and instead deal with it from the top down - suggesting, for example, that companies prohibit the use of popular passwords such as “password” or “password123”.
It set a target of eliminating identity theft by 2021, a task which the experts said would need 100,000 new workers trained in the field of cybersecurity.
Russia intrusion
The report’s backdrop comes amid ongoing concern about how weak cybersecurity is allowing other nations to interfere with US governance.
During the election campaign, Russia was blamed for a hack on the Democratic Party’s emails, causing a storm over, among other things, supposed efforts to suppress the emerging success of rival Democrat candidate Bernie Sanders.
The report said the cybersecurity ambassador should take up the challenge of establishing global rules over how nations behave when it comes to carrying out cyber-related operations.
The commission, which was made up of 12 security and legal experts, also said the private sector should work together with the government to utilise the best talent that may be working at the likes of Facebook, Google and others.
One hurdle to overcome, however, was what the report described as a “distrust” between Silicon Valley and government, fuelled by the fall-out from the Edward Snowden surveillance revelations.
Mr Trump’s team has not yet commented on the report. During the campaign, the president-elect outlined his own cybersecurity plan. It involved forming a cyber review team to assess the country’s readiness.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC and on Facebook


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: An exciting new discovery's been made on the Moon.

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2 October 2014 Last updated at 10:50 BST
Sounds crazy but scientists from the US space agency NASA have been studying satellite images and say they've spotted a huge rectangular feature buried beneath the surface.
The 2,500km-wide structure is thought to be the remains of ancient valleys that later became filled with lava from the moon's volcanoes.
Here's Jenny with the details.

Here are a selection of pictures from around the country as the results are announced.