Question: A sub-tropical storm over the Atlantic has become a hurricane, the first in January in the region since 1938.

The US National Hurricane Centre (NHC) said the storm - "Alex" - was 785 miles (1,260km) south-west of the Azores, with winds up to 85 mph (140km/h).
Storm Alex is moving north-east and is expected to hit the Azores on Friday, prompting a hurricane warning.
It is one of the earliest tropical systems to form in the Atlantic Hurricane Basin since records began.
Meanwhile, another tropical storm, Pali, has formed over the Pacific, similarly rare at this time of year.
Scientists have linked the storms to powerful winds and high sea surface temperatures resulting from an unusually strong El Nino phenomenon this year.
The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) has said the 2015 occurrence of El Nino will be among the three strongest recorded since 1950.
Severe droughts and significant flooding in many parts of the world are being attributed to the phenomenon, which occurs every two to seven years.
El Nino is a naturally occurring weather episode that sees the warm waters of the central Pacific expand eastwards towards North and South America.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:

Weather forecasters warn that the storm has a 60% chance of turning into a depression or named storm, according to the National Hurricane Center.
The tropical disturbance would be known as Hermine if upgraded to a storm.
Heavy rain in Florida brings the threat of more mosquitoes as the state grapples with a Zika virus outbreak.
Earlier this week, Florida announced five new cases of Zika, which is frequently spread by mosquitoes, bringing the state's total number of infected people to 42.
Weather officials estimate the tropical system, currently known as Invest 99-L, will hit the Bahamas by Friday and could arrive in South Florida and the Florida Keys by Sunday or Monday.
The tropical disturbance was located southeast of the Turks and Caicos Islands as of Thursday morning, but is still considered a disorganised system with no defined centre of circulation, according to the hurricane centre.
Should the system develop into Hermine, it would become the eighth named storm of the 2016 Atlantic hurricane season.
Meteorologist have also expressed uncertainty about the potential storm tracking toward the Gulf Coast and Louisiana, where residents are still reeling from devastating floods that have left 13 people dead.
The last hurricane to strike Florida was Wilma in 2005, which made landfall in the US the same year as Katrina.
Meanwhile, the central Atlantic saw hurricane Gaston quickly develop late on Wednesday before it was downgraded to a tropical storm.
Gaston had winds of up to 75 mph, making it a Category 1 hurricane, before it weakened and moved toward the Leeward Islands.
Hurricane season ends on 30 November.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A trust which runs three struggling academies has appointed a head teacher from Northamptonshire as its new boss.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence
Examples:

"['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'The blaze, which completely destroyed the caravan on Fair Oak Way and spread to two houses, broke out at about 15:20 BST on Tuesday.\nMore than 20 firefighters were involved in controlling the blaze, which also involved propane cylinders.\nHampshire Fire and Rescue Service said the man suffered facial burns and smoke inhalation.\nThe service said the cause of the fire was not yet known.\nRead more on this and other stories from across the south of England.']" == "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'A man has been taken to hospital after a caravan caught fire in Baughurst, Hampshire.']"

Dr Jamie Clarke, head teacher at Sponne academy in Towcester, is now chief executive of the Grace Academy Trust.
The trust runs Grace Academy Coventry which was declared inadequate and put in special measures last week.
It also runs Grace Academy Solihull, rated inadequate in October, and Grace Academy Darlaston, rated as requiring improvement in September.
Former chief executive Steve Chase resigned in December.
Dr Clarke said he expected all three schools would be rated at least good in the next few years.
"It's about making sure there is a really good consistently, high quality teaching that takes place across every single subject area in all three academies," he said.
Meanwhile, Colin Boxall, who was taken on as interim head teacher of Grace Academy Coventry in January, has been made permanent principal.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Lilac Sky Academy Trust used funds meant for schools to pay for drinks at a party and breached compliance rules, according to its annual accounts.
The government stepped in to run the schools last year and is investigating the way the trust operated.
Trust founder Trevor Averre Beeson, who is no longer connected to the venture, has not responded to BBC inquiries.
The report, in the trust's overdue accounts for the year to August 2016, reveals a net deficit of £1.3m and lists a catalogue of "irregularities" during the period when it was run by Mr Averre Beeson and his family.
They include:
The report, by accounting officer Angela Barry, also criticised the "absence of clear lines of accountability" during the time Mr Averre Beeson and members of his family were trustees.
More than half of England's secondary schools are run by self-governing academy trusts.
They are directly overseen by the government but manage their own finances.
Lilac Sky was investigated by the government's Education Funding Agency - now the Education and Skills Funding Agency (ESFA) - and was closed amid concerns that standards at some of the schools had dropped.
The Department for Education confirmed the ESFA was still investigating "financial management and governance" under the previous trust regime but declined to comment further.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: A man has been charged with with witness intimidation as part of an inquiry into child sexual exploitation in Rotherham.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

Kaleem Ali, 18, of Clough Road, is due to appear before Rotherham Magistrates' Court on 29 October.
The offence is alleged to have taken place in the town in March.
South Yorkshire Police said he was charged under Operation Clover, a joint inquiry with the local authority and the Crown Prosecution Service.

Jamie Chapman pleaded guilty to 22 counts of causing or inciting sexual activity with children, including the rape of a teenage boy, and nine counts of making and distributing indecent photos, West Midlands Police said.
The 28-year-old, from Solihull, appeared at Birmingham Crown Court.
He was remanded in custody to reappear at the same court on 22 May for sentencing.
More updates on this and other stories in Birmingham and Black Country
At the time of Mr Chapman's arrest last November, police said there was no evidence to suggest inappropriate contact between him and children at the nursery where he worked.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Up to 600 jobs are under threat at an oil and gas engineering firm in West Yorkshire.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Staff at OneSubsea have been told it was considering stopping manufacturing at their Leeds factory in 2017.
It blamed the "most severe downturn of the past 30 years" in the oil and gas industry, with "operators significantly reducing their investment".
OneSubsea has 929 staff in Leeds. Some will remain at its site on Queen Street, Stourton, under the proposals.
In a statement, it said a drop in orders meant many of its plants were "underutilized".
More on this story and others in West Yorkshire
The firm, whose parent company is oilfield services giant Schlumberger, said it would hold a 45-day consultation period on the plans.
A spokesperson said: "This is only a proposal at this stage and we will be conducting consultation with the unions and employee representatives and make every effort to try and mitigate as much as possible the impact on our employees."
The union Unite said the news had come "out of the blue".
Regional officer Chris Daly said: "We knew that there was a downturn in the oil price, but we had no inkling about the scale of such job losses.
"Unite's goal in the days and weeks ahead is to make the case to mitigate the job losses envisaged and offer our members the maximum support at this difficult and worrying time."
In the past year, Schlumberger has announced thousands of worldwide job losses amid a plunge in oil prices.
Hilary Benn, MP for Leeds Central, said: "It's a terrible blow, not just to OneSubsea, its workers and families, but it's also a blow to manufacturing.
"That's why I'm calling on the government to look at what it might be able to do to support the UK oil and gas industry."
"There's still oil and gas out there, but the low oil price means a lot of companies have said it's too expensive at the moment for us to go and find it," the Labour MP added.
According to its website, OneSubsea creates "integrated solutions, products, systems and services for the subsea oil and gas market".

CIE Well Control Ltd, a specialist in subsea and surface operations, has called in administrators from KPMG.
The move comes after orders fell away, in the wake of the oil price collapse.
Twenty-one people have been made redundant, while two staff have been kept on to handle the administration process. A buyer for the assets is being sought.
In May, more than 50 jobs were lost at Aberdeen engineering firm Enterprise Engineering Services after the company went into administration.
During the same month oil and gas shipping company Harkand Group collapsed, with the loss of more than 170 jobs in Aberdeen and London.
Administrators at Deloitte were called in after the company was hit by the prolonged fall in global oil prices.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Funding of £12m has been promised by the government to help preserve the Ironbridge Gorge in Shropshire.

The UNESCO World Heritage Site is under threat from landslides and slippage which could seriously damage the historic iron bridge and gorge.
Communities Secretary Eric Pickles said: "It is vital that we do not let places like Ironbridge Gorge deteriorate or slide out of sight."
The world's first iron bridge was built there in 1779 by Abraham Darby III.
Mr Pickles described the area as a monument to the industrial revolution and "a testament to British ingenuity and ambition".
Telford and Wrekin Council has welcomed the government grant but has said that "around £80m" will be needed to fully protect the gorge.
The council said the money will help the Council undertake work between the Jackfield Tile Museum and the Boat Inn.
The work, which will involve drilling and grouting old mine workings and strengthening slopes and the river banks, will take four years, the council said.
A spokesman said land instability in the gorge "is nothing new" with reports of ground movement being recorded over the past 235 years.
Councillor Richard Overton said: "The bill we face to do this is beyond our means, so we are pleased that Government has found this money to go towards tackling this most pressing need."
The council said it has spent more than £16m on tackling land instability in the gorge since 2001.
Cracking was first reported on the iron bridge as early as 1784, and it has needed constant repair and maintenance.
The bridge suffers structurally due to land movement in the valley it was built in.
There were plans in the middle of the last century to demolish the original bridge and build a new one.
In 1967 the Ironbridge Gorge Museum Trust was set up to preserve the remains of the Industrial Revolution in the six square miles of the Ironbridge Gorge.
Between 1972 and 1975 £147,000 was spent on repairing the bridge, re-enforcing it and resurfacing it.
More than 550,000 visitors now come to the 10 Ironbridge Gorge museums every year from all over the world.

Buildings making the move to the Black Country Living Museum, in Dudley, West Midlands, include a gas showroom and a library, while a landmark pub and butchers will be replicated.
They will be part of a new 1940s-1960s town, which is part of a project awarded £9.8m of Lottery funding.
Museum bosses say it will help create a "world class heritage attraction".
See more stories from across Birmingham and the Black Country here
Buildings to be painstakingly taken apart and rebuilt include West Bromwich's Gas Showroom and Dudley's Woodside Library which faced being permanently lost.
Others, including Wolverhampton's disappeared Elephant & Castle Pub and Lye's Marsh & Baxter's Butchers, will be recreated from archive material and images.
The "town" is part of the wider £21.7m BCLM: Forging Ahead scheme, which will allow the museum to tell the story of the Black Country up to the closure of the Baggeridge Coal Mine in 1968.
It will also transform the visitor and learning facilities.
Bosses say the project will create 450 new jobs - 60 of which will be at the museum, with hundreds more during construction.
Lowell Williams, chair of the museum, said: "We are excited to get started on this project.
"BCLM: Forging Ahead will not only allow us to complete our story, but also to create a truly world-class heritage attraction at the heart of the Black Country - something we can all be proud of."
The museum will submit a second round application to the Heritage Lottery Fund in October 2018 to release the rest of the funding.
If successful, construction will begin with a view to be completed in 2022.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A patient who was evicted from a hospital after spending more than two years in a bed said he did not want to stay and "tried to get out of there".

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Adriano Guedes, 63, who suffers paralysis after a stroke in 2008, was admitted to the James Paget Hospital in Gorleston, Norfolk, in 2014.
The hospital obtained a court order and evicted him two weeks ago, saying he had occupied the bed "unnecessarily".
"I didn't want to stay, and they forced me to stay," Mr Guedes told the BBC.
"It's very bad to occupy a place which should be used by someone in need, but I didn't cause the situation. On the contrary - I tried to get out of there."
He said he has been on a hunger strike since he left the hospital, adding his last meal was on 10 January.
Follow the latest updates on this story and other Norfolk news
Mr Guedes said he was initially admitted to hospital on mental health grounds, rather than because of a physical problem.
He said he had asked to be moved out of hospital into a "wheelchair-friendly place" and to see a spinal specialist in London for his injuries.
"I wanted to leave but they always offered what they knew I would refuse," he claimed.
The hospital insisted he had been offered appropriate accommodation.
There are two sides to every story. Until now, like many people, it was hard to sympathise with someone who had been apparently hogging a much-needed hospital bed for two years.
But this is a complex situation which typifies the issues many hospitals face when someone no longer requires medical treatment, and has long-term social care needs.
However, isolating Adriano Gueres in an unfurnished flat with no working central heating, no curtains, no carpet is no solution.
So for much of the day he's on his own, lying in bed staring at a bare bulb strung from the ceiling. It was a shock to see him left in such conditions.
His story goes to the heart of a discord between proper care in our times of shrinking council budgets and over-run NHS hospitals.
Anna Hills, the hospital's director of governance, said Mr Guedes had "repeatedly refused all offers of appropriate accommodation organised by our local authority and social care partners, despite being fit for discharge".
The hospital also said it had worked "throughout in partnership with a range of agencies to achieve a safe discharge from the hospital".
It said "detailed planning" had taken place which "led to a successful discharge in this complex case".
The hospital applied to the court for a possession order to claim back the bed occupied by the man.
It was granted on 1 December and Mr Guedes was evicted on 10 January.
The Department for Health says the average daily cost of a hospital bed is about Â£400, meaning the man's stay at James Paget would have cost about Â£340,000 for the two years.
Mr Guedes, who moved to the UK from Portugal for work 15 years ago, is now living in a council flat in Suffolk.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Irene Nel, 73, came to Bristol on a tourist visa in 2012, but two weeks into her stay she fell ill and was diagnosed with kidney failure.
Daughter Desree Taylor said Mrs Nel signed on regularly with the police but the last visit included a health check.
The Home Office said Mrs Nel must leave Britain because her visa had expired.
Last year, more than 100,000 people signed a petition urging it not to deport her.
Her family say she is still very ill and needs dialysis three times a week to stay alive, treatment they claim she will not receive in South Africa.
Ms Taylor said her mother had to sign on regularly at Patchway police station and said the procedure usually took less than 10 minutes.
She said: "They've done a medical assessment on Mum, so that to me looks like they're trying to prove that she can fly, to deport her."
Ms Taylor said the Home Office had been warning for more than a year that her mother would be deported, and she thought the delay "could be because they [Home Office] are worried about setting precedents".
She said: "She is my Mum and I should have the right to look after her."
Mrs Nel said: "They're waiting for me to die. We've really tried our best - I don't know what to say anymore."
She said: "I never slept last night because I know I've got to sign again. I don't know what they're going to do to me. I'm terrified. The day they arrest me to say I must go, that's going to kill me."
Initially Mrs Nel's medical insurance paid for her treatment, but stopped. She has been cared for by the NHS for the past four years.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Vodafone has said its Indian business is holding talks about a major merger which would create the country's largest telecoms firm.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article:

It said Vodafone India, the country's second biggest mobile operator, was in negotiations with Idea Cellular, India's third largest network.
There was "no certainty" a deal would be agreed, Vodafone added.
Shares in the UK telecoms giant rose about 3% on Monday, making it the biggest riser on the FTSE 100 index.
India's leading mobile networks are embroiled in what analysts have described as "a vicious price war", started by the arrival of a low-cost rival offering free voice and data to customers.
Vodafone India and Idea Cellular, together with current market leader Bharti Airtel, have been forced to cut prices by Reliance Jio, a new operator owned by the country's richest man, Mukesh Ambani.
Vodafone was forced to write down the value of its Indian business by 5bn euros (£4.3bn) in November amid the intense competition.
The firm has looked to spin off Vodafone India, but said at the time it would wait for the market to stabilise.
The merger talks with Idea suggest "Vodafone is taking the Indian tiger by the scruff", said Neil Wilson, an analyst at London brokers ETX Capital.
"India has become a trouble-spot for Vodafone, with losses there severely hurting the rest of the group," Mr Wilson said.
"Indeed a vicious price war in India means the group could post its first operating loss in 10 years in 2017. The Idea tie-up looks like a way to limit the casualties on either side.
"Something had to be done and this merger might be the way to strengthen Vodafone's hand in the Indian price war."
In its statement on Monday, Vodafone said a merger with Idea would enable it to take the India unit off its books and receive a dividend from the new business.
Shares in Idea Cellular, owned by the Aditya Birla Group, have surged 26% on confirmation of the merger talks.
More than ten telecom operators are battling it out to attract the custom of India's one billion mobile phone users.
That has forced firms to keep tariffs low - significantly impacting their profitability.
And the entry of Reliance Jio last year - has made matters even worse.
You can't avoid its high profile advertising campaigns here - pushing introductory offers of free voice calls and internet to cost conscious consumers.
The deep pockets of Mukesh Ambani mean many expect rock bottom prices even in the long run, forcing rivals to slash their charges further if they want to stay in the game.
So even if this Vodafone-Ideal merger goes ahead, I doubt it'll be the last bit of consolidation we see.

The companies said they had reached a "definitive agreement" on a deal, which will create the UK's biggest mobile operator.
Hutchison, run by Hong Kong businessman Li Ka-shing, owns the Three mobile network, the UK's smallest operator.
The completion of the deal is subject to regulatory approval that could take up to a year and could face hurdles.
Combining O2 and Three would cut the number of major mobile operators in the UK from four to three.
The combined company would leapfrog EE, which has a 29% market share, to give it 41%.
O2 said the tie-up would create the UK's "most customer-centric mobile operator" and give customers greater value, quality and innovation.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The government is expected to fall well short of its target of recovering £500m a year from overseas visitors treated in NHS hospitals in England.

The Department of Health has "refined" to £346m its target for 2017-18, says the National Audit Office. Some £289m was paid in 2015-16; £73m in 2012-13.
A new "surcharge" for non-EU patients accounts for much of the rise, but only about half of debts owed are recovered.
The Department of Health said the increase showed "very good progress".
NHS Trusts in England are legally obliged to check whether patients are eligible for free non-emergency NHS treatment and to recover any costs from overseas patients.
People from the European Economic Area (EEA), and Switzerland, are usually covered by agreements such as the EHIC scheme - where their government is billed for their treatment - while those from outside the EEA are invoiced directly.
But the National Audit Office report estimated that only half of debts were recovered from patients from outside the EEA and found that only 58% of hospital doctors knew some people were chargeable for NHS healthcare at all.
The Department of Health's "ambitious" £500m recovery target was aimed at reducing NHS trusts' deficits, which reached £2.45bn in 2015-16.
That year, an extra £164m was raised from a new £200-a-year surcharge on visa applications paid by temporary migrants from outside the EEA.
That year also saw a 53% increase on the amount NHS trusts in England charged directly to patients, mostly to visitors from outside the EEA - much of which is thought to be due to new rules that allow hospitals to charge up to 150% of the cost of treatment, rather than a case of more people being charged.
And although amounts charged to people visiting from countries within the EEA increased slightly, they remain "well below" the ambition to recover £200m a year by 2017-18. The latest forecast for EEA income for that period is £72m.
The report found some hospitals were better than others at recovering money - 10 NHS trusts in London accounted for half of the total amount charged to non-EEA patients in 2015-16. Twenty trusts said they had no patients using the EHIC scheme.
It praised the Department of Health for using IT systems to help trusts find patients who should be charged and for visiting 60 trusts to promote its "cost recovery programme", and said new financial incentives for reporting and charging overseas visitors had had an effect.
But it estimated that "trusts recover around half of the amounts they charge directly to patients, mainly visitors from outside the EEA", with recovery rates varying widely - and it was not really understood why.
Head of the National Audit Office, Amyas Morse said: "Hospital trusts remain some way from complying in full with the requirement to charge and recover the cost of treating overseas visitors."
He said much of the increase in amounts charged and recovered over the past two years was due to changes to charging rules: "If current trends continue and the charging rules remain the same, the department will not achieve its ambition of recovering up to £500m of overseas visitor income a year by 2017-18."
A Department of Health spokeswoman said: "This government was the first to put in place measures to ensure the NHS isn't abused, and as this report finds, we are making very good progress - the amount of income recovered has already more than trebled in three years to £289m.
"We consulted earlier this year on extending the charging of migrants and visitors using the NHS to other areas of healthcare.
"We will set out further steps in due course to ensure we deliver on our objective to recover £500m a year by the middle of this parliament."

Most debt is for treatment given in the past year, but one boards is still pursuing a bill from 2003.
The bulk of outstanding charges are due from citizens of the USA, Canada, Nigeria and India.
The Scottish government said it represented a small proportion of the NHS budget.
Half of the overall debt - £893,368 - is owed to NHS Greater Glasgow.
The figures, obtained by BBC Scotland through a series of coordinated freedom of information requests, also reveals the total of unpaid bills has more than doubled over the past two years.
In April 2013, it was reported Scottish health boards were owed £1.1m by overseas patients - compared to £712,182 in 2012.
And the data shows part of the problem is the exponential build-up of patient debt from previous years.
NHS Fife is still chasing a US citizen for £2,602 for treatment dating back to 2003; NHS Grampian is trying to recoup £2,485 from an Indian citizen for treatment they received in 2007.
A spokeswoman for NHS Grampian said the overdue debts were often due to "claims against the estate of deceased persons, insurance companies disputing charges, lack of insurance or an ability to pay."
"Occasionally a write off is processed, for example when the person is deceased, and we have tried all legal recourse or it would be uneconomical to pursue the estate."
A NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde spokeswoman said: "Despite our best efforts some bills remain outstanding."
She added: "A proportion of the current outstanding monies is owed by patients who have pending insurance claims or who have every intention of paying their bill and we have already recouped over £250,000 in owed monies since April 2013."
However, the data obtained by BBC Scotland reveals that since April 2013, an additional £337,368 has been accrued in unpaid bills.
And the amount owed to NHS Lothian has nearly trebled to £493,533 since 2008.
The board has written off 8% of unpaid bills in the past five years and is still owed more than £180,000 from as far back as 2012.
Susan Goldsmith, director of finance at NHS Lothian, said: "Our invoice and collection systems have improved vastly in the last six years.
"It means that while the amount of money owed has increased during that time, it is a direct result of more invoices being created within a streamlined and more effective system.
"Figures show that the money owed by overseas patients once stood at 50 per cent of our expected income. Since we improved our systems, that figure has fallen to 16 per cent.
NHS Lothian says it has recovered £1.4m in the last five years.
A Scottish government spokeswoman played down the figures, saying the outstanding bills represented just 0.02% of the country's £12bn health budget.
She said: "Scotland does not have a significant problem with overseas visitors failing to pay for NHS healthcare, and we welcome that the vast majority of overseas visitors settle their healthcare bill promptly.
"In addition, a proportion of the current outstanding monies will be owed by patients who have pending insurance claims or who have every intention of paying their bill."
Some of the costs incurred will never be recoverable by Scottish health boards because certain services in the UK - such as ambulance services, A&E care, and wards associated with A&E - are free to everyone.
But patients whose condition was not life-threatening, and whose normal residence is outside of the European Union, have to pay for services with certain exceptions.
Health boards must then try and recoup other treatment costs from individuals or insurance companies.
The UK also has reciprocal agreements with most European countries and 28 other nations, including countries such as Canada and Australia.
But travelling to the UK deliberately for health treatment - so-called "health tourism" - is not allowed.
A 2013 report estimated health tourism in the UK cost the NHS between £20m and £100m.
Scottish health boards can pursue debt via the Central Legal Office which has a contract with an international debt recovery company.
Boards are also required to pass details of those with outstanding bills to NHS Scotland's Counter Fraud Service (CFS), who liaise with the UK Border Agency.
Non-payers can then be refused re-entry to the UK until they settle their outstanding health bill.
A spokesperson said that in 2014-2015 so far, 129 cases have been referred to the CFS from various sources including health boards, GP practices and the UK Home Office.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: Almost exactly 10 years ago, Londoners saw the bleeding and the injured emerge from the Underground - survivors of the 7 July bomb attacks.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The four bombs on three Tubes and a bus killed 52 and left many more with life-changing injuries.
There was no longer any doubt, al-Qaeda's brand of violent extremism was capable of hitting the UK.
The tenth anniversary of those attacks is now a week away. So are we safer or under a greater threat?
The official government position, for headline purposes, is that there is a "severe" threat from international terrorism, which means security chiefs have concluded an attack is highly likely.
This conclusion is not an exercise of sticking a finger in the air and seeing which way the wind blows. It is based on some cold, hard calculations of what the intelligence picture suggests is going on, both what we can see in the public and what we can't.
And that is why London sees a major counter-terrorism exercise this week, codenamed Operation Strong Tower and designed to test to the limit how the police and other emergency services would respond should the worst come to pass.
Over the last decade, the nature of threat from extremist violence has changed.
The 7/7 attacks were directed at arms length by al-Qaeda in Pakistan and Afghanistan.
A number of other plots during the same period followed the same trajectory, including the foiled attempt to take liquid-based bombs onto transatlantic airliners in 2006.
But as the US tightened the noose around al-Qaeda's leadership, particularly after it began firing missiles from drones, the would-be jihadists briefly shifted attention to the Horn of Africa.
Deprived of an easy route to one hoped-for land of jihad, British recruits tried to get to Somalia to join al-Shabab. One of those would-be recruits was Michael Adebolajo, one of the two men who killed Fusilier Lee Rigby in Woolwich.
Aside from that attack, the number of major plots had appeared to be falling as al-Qaeda increasingly looked a spent force and al-Shabab too weak and remote to take up its banner.
But the implosion of three countries in the wake of the Arab Spring has changed things yet again. First Libya, then Syria and Iraq. In the remains of each nation, the jihadist cause has found a new lease of life.
The group that calls itself Islamic State has projected a utopian image of a resurrected caliphate and, simultaneously, presented its sectarian ultra-violence as a solution to Sunni Muslims who have suffered in both Iraq and Syria.
That toxic revolutionary mix, projected by young followers through social media, and further wrapped up in an arcane prophesy that the "end times" will begin in a Syrian town, has been its trump card.
Sceptics say all of this poses no threat to us in the UK - but there is overwhelming evidence to the contrary.
If Tunisia's events were not clear enough, France, Australia, Canada and Belgium have all seen acts of extreme violence that were either directly or indirectly inspired by the ideology and aims of ISIS.
The UK has not suffered an act of ISIS-inspired violence on its streets - but there have been at least two major counter-terrorism operations which can be directly linked to conspirators receiving directions or guidance from jihadists active in the Syrian conflict.
More than 330 people were arrested on suspicion of terrorism offences in the UK in the year to April 2015 - a third more than the previous year.
Crucially, the average age of those being arrested has been falling, with almost a fifth under 20.
In other words, given that the self-proclaimed caliphate isn't going away anytime soon, this is shaping up to be an enduring security problem.
While the jihadist threat persists, the UK also runs the risk of more violence from far-right extremists. One of the most serious acts of terrorism since 7/7 came from a neo-Nazi who tried to bomb three West Midlands mosques and murdered an elderly Muslim man as he returned home from prayers.
That is why London's massive counter-terrorism training exercise over Tuesday and Wednesday is important to the security services.
The emergency services believe they are in a far better place to deal with a repeat of 7/7 - their secure communications systems now all talk to each other, for a start.
But they don't know what's coming around the corner.
Operation Strong Tower, which is focused on a "marauding" attack, such as the shootings in Mumbai or Paris, is the latest and most complex event to date - and it won't be the last.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Paul Dadge, 40, shared the news on his Twitter account on Tuesday evening.
He was branded a hero after a powerful photo emerged of him helping "the woman in the mask" after the tube bombings.
Mr Dadge will take on Tory Amanda Milling, who had a majority of nearly 5,000 at the last election.
For more Stoke and Staffordshire stories click here
On 7 July 2005, four suicide bombers with rucksacks full of explosives attacked central London, killing 52 people and injuring hundreds more.
It was the worst single terrorist atrocity on British soil.
The photo of Paul Dadge helping then 25-year-old Davinia Douglass dominated the front pages of newspapers.
But Mr Dadge has always denied he was a 'hero'. Speaking to the BBC shortly after the terror attack, he said, "I am not a hero, not at all.
"I just happened to be on the spot and I did what I could to help."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Support groups are calling for an action plan to "radically" improve mental health services for children and young people in the NHS Lothian area.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Scottish Children's Services Coalition made the call after "disappointing" waiting times for appointments were revealed in the region.
Figures show in the Lothians 15% of children had to wait more than a year.
Less than half of the 665 children referred were seen within the target of 18-weeks.
Two years ago the Scottish government set a target for Mental Health services that 90% young people should be seen within 18 weeks.
The figures for treatment from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) relate to the period between October and December 2016.
A spokesperson for the Scottish Children's Services Coalition, a network of support groups,  said: "The figures from NHS Lothian indicating that more than half of those who started their treatment between October and December had been waiting more than the Scottish government target of 18 weeks is clearly disappointing.
"In addition, of the 101 children and young people in Scotland who had been waiting for more than a year before they started treatment, these almost all relate to NHS Lothian.
"We know that half of all diagnosable mental health problems start before the age of 14 and 75% by the age of 21.
"As such it is vitally important that an action plan is put in place for NHS Lothian, radically improving mental health services and increasing investment in these, with an overall aim of ensuring that children and young people get the help they need, when they need it.
"A target of 18-weeks is in itself still far too long.
"Families usually experience months of waiting even before a referral to CAMHS.
"The consequent delay in diagnosis and appropriate support can lead to a crisis situation for the child or young person concerned, as well as for their family, and the need for costly extra resources to address this.
"We hope that NHS Lothian takes account of these figures and takes urgent action to address this matter."
Alex McMahon, NHS Lothian's executive director of nursing, midwifery and allied health professionals, said: "More young people than ever before are accessing mental health services and we have seen a steady rise in the number of children and young people being referred to our services.
"Unfortunately patients are having to wait longer than we would like and we are working hard to reduce this number.
"We have  invested significantly in CAMHS over the years to support the delivery of expert services for children. We are confident they will be strengthened through integration of education, social and health services.
"Our CAMHS team is working on an agreed action plan to reduce the length of time children and young people are waiting and we have approximately 200 less children and young people waiting more than 18 weeks as a result and are confident we will see further significant reductions in waiting times over the coming months."

Martin Barkley, 61, said the decision to leave the Tees Esk and Wear Valleys NHS Foundation Trust (TEWV) after eight years had been a "difficult one".
He has worked for the NHS for more than 40 years.
The trust said a recruitment process to select a new chief executive would begin in February.
Mr Barkley said: "After so many years with the trust and other mental health and learning disability organisations the time has arrived for a change."
The trust runs mental health services in County Durham, the Tees Valley and much of North Yorkshire.
In October, it took over services in York just days after the Care Quality Commission (CQC) ordered the city's psychiatric hospital, Bootham Park, to close after an inspection found it to be "unfit".
Mr Barkley said his decision to leave the trust had nothing to do with the problems surrounding mental health provision in York.
He said the trust remained committed to working with the Vale of York Clinical Commissioning Group to provide a new hospital for the treatment of people with mental health problems in the city.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
------
E.g. ["represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details E.g. Mae dyn 31 oed wedi pledio yn ddieuog yn Llys y Goron Caerdydd i gyhuddiad o lofruddio ei ferch 18 mis oed. == Cafodd Elsie Scully Hicks, oedd wedi ei mabwysiadu, ei darganfod yn farw ar 29 Mai y llynedd.\nMae disgwyl i Matthew Scully Hicks wynebu achos llys ym mis Mehefin.\nRoedd cyfyngiadau yn eu lle er mwyn atal y wasg rhag cyhoeddi enw'r diffynnydd ond cafodd y rhain eu disodli yn dilyn cais gan y cyfryngau.\nCafodd Mr Hicks ei rhyddhau ar fechnïaeth ond mae amodau ynghlwm â'r fechnïaeth honno. != Yn Llys y Goron Yr Wyddgrug fe blediodd Stephen Hough yn ddieuog i dri chyhuddiad - o dreisio a llofruddio Janet Commins o'r Fflint, ac un ymosodiad rhyw difrifol.\nCafodd y tri throsedd honedig eu cyflawni rhwng 5 a 12 Ionawr, 1976.\nYmddangosodd Mr Hough yn y llys dim ond i gadarnhau ei enw a gwadu'r cyhuddiadau.\nBydd yr achos yn dechrau ddydd Mawrth.", 'A senior ambulance officer has admitted failing to "properly assess" the unfolding disaster in front of him at Hillsborough.'] == ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Paul Eason also told the inquests he failed to fully alert the ambulance control room, despite being their "eyes and ears" inside the stadium.\n"Unfortunately, on this day, the eyes were blurred and the ears were blocked," he agreed.\nNinety-six Liverpool fans died following a crush on 15 April 1989.\nOn the day of the tragedy, Mr Eason, fellow station officer Patrick Higgins, and two other colleagues were positioned in one corner of Sheffield Wednesday\'s ground just before kick-off.\nThree minutes later, at about 15:03, Mr Eason and a colleague noticed something happening on the Leppings Lane terraces and walked over to see what was going on.\nA barrister representing some of the families described the walk as a "leisurely stroll" - at this point, it is claimed that Mr Eason did not know the severity of the situation.\nDespite walking in front of the pens, Mr Eason said he did not notice fans being crushed inside.\nAsked if he heard screaming from the pens, he replied: "All I can remember hearing is a roaring noise."\nMr Eason agreed he "failed to properly assess the situation" on the Leppings Lane terraces at the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.\nHe also accepted he "failed to declare a major emergency at the earliest opportunity", and "failed to relay all the relevant information to South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS) control".\nAsked whether he thought he adequately informed anyone of what was going on - so hospitals could be prepared - he said: "I think that the mistake that I made there was presuming that the control room would know what I was doing and would pass that information on.\n"That was the mistake I made - I assumed they would understand what I was dealing with. Obviously they didn\'t. They couldn\'t be expected to."\nTranscripts of a conversation between ambulance control and police at 15:08 showed an officer asked for a "fleet of ambulances" and then "all the ambulances you have got available".\nA similar conversation was had at 15:09.\nOn both occasions, the controller said there were officers in the vicinity who could assess the situation.\nMark George QC, who represents a group of families who lost loved ones, asked Mr Eason if he agreed the initial ambulance service response was "a complete shambles".\n"We had a delayed response," he replied.\nBBC News: Profiles of all those who died\nThe former station officer also accepted "partial responsibility" for failing to "organise and impose command-and-control from the outset".\nThe jury heard Mr Eason say that "under extreme circumstances, we all did the best that we could".\nMr Eason was also questioned by Jenni Richards QC, who represents Yorkshire Ambulance Service.\nHe agreed neither he nor the service had "anything to do with the actions and decisions that led to the severe overcrowding".\nMs Richards also said the SYMAS presence at the ground was "very modest" and included Mr Eason and three colleagues.\nAsked whether "any amount of training, however good, could really have prepared" him for what happened, he said: "No. I have never experienced anything like it before or since."\nThe inquests, sitting in Warrington, continue.'] != ['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Nabila Nanfuka, 22, and Laurene-Danielle Jackson, 19, suffered fatal injuries while trying to leave the Lava and Ignite club in Northampton in 2011.\nThe Independent Police Complaints Commission looked into police actions.\nAn inquest found 14 DJ announcements in 30 minutes had been the most significant cause of overcrowding.\nAbout 900 students travelled to the club from around the country and the DJs called for universities to leave one after the other, often with just a few minutes between them.\nThe IPCC investigation found it more than likely police had not been informed of the event and was only alerted when a large number of people began arriving at the club.\nThe report said there is "sufficient evidence to suggest the decisions and actions of the police during the incident were appropriate".\nIt added there was "no evidence of a criminal offence having been committed by any police officer".\nThe report concluded that "every officer involved made a significant contribution to the effective policing of the tragedy".\nDuring an inquest last week, it was reported that a series of announcements reminding people not to miss their coaches had been made in the early hours of 19 October.\nThe inquest jury concluded the second most significant factor was the lack of overall management of the cloakroom.\nThe Crown Prosecution Service previously determined there would be no criminal charges brought against anyone following the incident.\nMs Nanfuka, of Neasden, north London, was studying a leisure and tourism degree at the University of Northampton. She died at Northampton General Hospital on 19 October.\nMs Jackson, of Wembley, was studying psychology at Kingston University and died at Leicester\'s Glenfield Hospital on 6 November.']

Question: Temperatures topped 29C on Scotland's hottest day of the year so far - sparking a warning of overnight downpours and thunderstorms.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The Met Office said the warm air brought a risk of lightning, hail, storms and flash flooding later on Tuesday and into Wednesday morning.
A Yellow "be aware" warning is in place from 17:00 until 18:00 on Wednesday.
The extent of the thunderstorms is uncertain, but some places could see over 30mm of rain in an hour.
Prestwick in Ayrshire had the day's highest recorded temperature at 29C, followed by nearby Auchnicruvie at 28C.
Shetland was one of the only places in Scotland not to enjoy the sunshine - with the weather largely cloudy with patchy rain and drizzle.
Aberdeen - which was sitting at around 19C at lunchtime - was hotter than Nairobi, Kenya.
Heavy, thundery showers are forecast for Tuesday night.
The adverse weather could cause disruption on Wednesday morning. Frequent lightning is expected to continue along with high temperatures of 22 or 23C in the afternoon.
What's the weather like where you are? Send us your pictures to newsonlinescotland@bbc.co.uk
Please ensure when filming or photographing an incident that you make your safety and the safety of others a priority.
If you submit an image, you do so in accordance with the BBC's Terms and Conditions

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Torrential rain and thunderstorms are expected to give as much as 30 or 40mm of water in an hour in places.
A Met Office yellow warning for rain is in place from 12:00 BST on Sunday until 16:00 on Monday, when the rain and storms are expected to become confined more to the east.
Lightning strikes are also possible, meaning power could be disrupted.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.

Question: A man in his 80s has been killed in a road collision in County Tyrone.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

It happened in Dungannon on Monday morning, on a slip road off the A4 Woodlough Road
Police said an investigation had begun into the circumstances of the collision, and they have appealed for witnesses to contact them.
Roads at Granville Industrial Estate were closed following the collision, but have since reopened.

It happened at the premises on Scarlet Street in the town shortly before 08.30 local time on Tuesday.
The injured man, who is in his 30s, is an employee at the pharmacy.
A man in his 30s is expected to appear in court on Wednesday.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Peggy Whitson is the awesome American astronaut who can't stop breaking records.

24 April 2017 Last updated at 08:04 BST
Today she breaks the record for the most days spent in space by any US astronaut.
Peggy adds that record to other achievements, including completing more spacewalks than any other female astronaut.
Here's Martin on five ways that Peggy Whitson is wowing us all!

The awesome astronaut safely touched back down to Earth yesterday with two Russian cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin and Oleg Skripochka, after living on board the International Space Station.
Jeff has spent a total of 534 days in space, meaning he now holds the record, for the most time living in space of all American astronauts.
This latest mission to the ISS is Jeff's fourth time in space, and his third long-duration stay on the space station.
He is a flight engineer and has been on four spacewalks since his first mission into space in 2000.
However, Jeff still has a long way to go to beat the world record holder Gennady Padalka.
The Russian cosmonaut has spent a whopping 879 days in space, that's nearly two and a half years!


Question: A US mother who accidentally smothered her newborn son as she slept is suing the hospital where his death occurred for $8.6m (Â£6.6m).

Monica Thompson says nurses were negligent in allowing her to breastfeed her four-day-old baby, Jacob, while sedated and without supervision.
According to the lawsuit, nurses brought Mrs Thompson's son to her ward bed at around 03:00 on 6 August 2012.
After drifting off, she awoke to find the infant unresponsive.
Earlier that night she had been given "narcotic painkillers and sleep aids" by nurses at the Portland Adventist Medical Center in the state of Oregon, her lawsuit states.
Her son had been born "healthy" by Cesarean section, according to the lawsuit.
Six days after the accident, he was removed from life support, after doctors advised he would never recover from the brain damage.
Mrs Thompson is seeking compensation for the baby's "desperation and anxiety" and her own "severe emotional distress upon unintentionally killing her firstborn child".
"She called for a nurse while she tried to get him to respond," her lawsuit claims.
"Mrs Thompson tried to stimulate her son's suckling reflexes without success.
"She touched his eyes and got no response. She poked him and talked to him with no reaction.
"When no nurse came to help, Mrs Thompson carried her son to the hallway and frantically yelled for help."
The Portland Adventist Medical Center said in a statement: "This was a tragic event and our thoughts and prayers continue to be with the family.
"Adventist Medical Center is committed to providing quality, compassionate care to all of our patients.
"We are reviewing the claims being made and we are unable to provide any additional information at this time."
The American Academy of Pediatrics has previously recommended infants should not sleep in the same bed with parents, due to the risk the child could be smothered under an adult's shifting weight.
Some countries, such as Finland, have reduced their infant mortality rate by distributing cardboard box cribs to every new mother.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Joseph Savage, 34, sent a "graphic letter" to the Obama family in October 2012, say prosecutors in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.
Savage, incarcerated at the time, allegedly threatened to torture and murder Mr Obama upon his release.
The letter did not reach the White House due to mislabelling.
It was sent to 1400 Pennsylvania Ave in Washington DC.
But America's most famous address is located farther up the road at 1600 Pennsylvania Ave.
Savage was to be arraigned in a Pennsylvania court on Monday afternoon.
If convicted, he faces up to 10 years in prison and a $500,000 (Â£303,000) fine.
Savage is already serving between 12-25 years in jail after being convicted of offences including the molestation of a nine-year-old girl and sending a threatening letter to the police officer who charged him.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Foam made by miniature frogs to protect their eggs could offer a clever way to deliver healing drugs to burns patients, say scientists.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

------

For instance, <<['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'So often repeated are the words of the Swedish diplomat Dag Hammarskjold, the organisation\'s most beloved secretary general, they have come to serve as a mission statement of sorts.\nAdditionally, they function as a crude benchmark against which the work of the United Nations can be judged.\nWhen the organisation was formed in 1945, in the aftermath of World War Two and the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, "hell" would have been the outbreak of a third global conflict and nuclear Armageddon, neither of which has come to pass.\nBut in those post-War years, as the full horror of the Holocaust was uncovered, "hell" also meant genocide, a word which had only just been coined: the systematic massacre of thousands of people because of their ethnicity, religion, race or nationality.\nHere, the UN has not always been able to halt the descent into the abyss.\nTo its member states\' eternal shame, on some occasions it has been a bystander to genocide.\nIn any historical ledger, Rwanda and Srebrenica stand out as ghastly failures.\nDuring the Rwanda genocide, UN peacekeepers deployed in the country concentrated on evacuating expatriates and government officials, failing to intervene as 800,000 Tutsis and sympathetic Hutus were slaughtered.\nIn Srebrenica in July 1995, more than 8,000 Muslims, mainly men and boys, were massacred by Bosnian Serb forces, which barged past Dutch soldiers wearing the distinctive blue helmet of the UN peacekeepers as if they weren\'t there.\nWhat made the massacre all the more horrifying was that the Muslims had sheltered in enclaves deemed "safe areas" under the protections of the UN.\nIn some conflicts, such as Yugoslavia, the UN was slow to respond.\nIn others, such as Vietnam and the Iraq war, it was sidelined.\nIts efforts to broker peace talks during Syria\'s civil war, now in its fifth year, have always ended in failure.\nNow, a third UN envoy, the Italian diplomat Staffan de Mistura, is trying, without success so far, to break the impasse.\nPeace has also proved elusive in the Israeli-Palestinian conflict, one of the UN\'s first major dilemmas following its formation in 1945 and a long-running bugbear.\nSometimes the UN has been part of the problem rather than the solution.\nBlue-helmeted peacekeepers have been accused of a litany of sexual abuses, most recently in the Central African Republic.\nIn Haiti, peacekeepers from Nepal were the source, the evidence suggests, of a cholera outbreak that has killed more than 8,000 people - though the UN refuses to accept any legal liability.\nWhile the UN sees itself as a force for democratisation, it is a ridiculously undemocratic organisation.\nIts locus of power is the Security Council, where the five permanent members - the US, Britain, France, China and Russia - still wield crippling vetoes.\nThe Security Council, like amber encasing an extinct insect, preserves the influence of the victors from World War Two, freezing a moment in a time.\nTellingly, when Franklin Delano Roosevelt coined the phrase the "United Nations," he was referring not to the countries of the world but rather the Allied powers.\nGermany and Japan do not have permanent seats on the Security Council, nor do India or Brazil.\nThough every country has a vote in the General Assembly, a less powerful body, almost 75% of the world\'s population is effectively disenfranchised in the Security Council.\nThere, preposterously, one veto-wielding power can thwart the will of the other 192 members.\nAll five veto powers have to agree, for instance, on the appointment of secretaries general, enabling weak, if well-intentioned, compromise candidates, like the present leader Ban Ki-moon, to reach the top.\nFor all its shortcomings, however, the United Nations can look back on much of the past 70 years with pride.\nIt is credited with brokering more than 170 peace settlements, though it has proved better at preventing nation-to-nation conflicts rather than civil wars.\nThe Cold War never turned hot, although there were Cold War proxy conflicts in Korea, Vietnam, Nicaragua, Angola, Afghanistan and elsewhere.\nThe number of people killed in conflicts has declined since 1945.\nFewer died in the first decade of this century than in any decade during the last.\nIts peacekeeping operations, which began during the Suez crisis in 1956, have expanded to 16 missions around the world, keeping and monitoring the peace in Haiti to Darfur, Cyprus to the Golan Heights.\nThe UN has codified a panoply of international laws and forged the Universal Declaration of Human Rights in 1948.\nIt has helped broker major international treaties, such as the landmark, nuclear non-proliferation treaty that came into force in 1970, and helped organise historic elections, such as the first presidential contest in Afghanistan in 2004.\nThe work of UN agencies, much of it unnoticed and unsung, has been impressive, partly because they employ some of the world\'s leading experts in disaster relief, public health and economic development.\nNot only are their staff expert, but often incredibly brave and dedicated.\nPartly because of the efforts of Unicef, deaths of children under the age of five have declined from nearly 12 million in 1990 to 6.9 million in 2011.\nThe UN\'s refugee agency, the UNHCR, has helped 17 million asylum seekers and refugees, picking up two Nobel peace prizes, in 1954 and 1981, for its efforts.\nThe World Food Programme each year gives assistance to 80 million people in 75 countries.\nThe preservation of 1,031 of the world\'s most beautiful sites, from the Serengeti National Park to Machu Picchu, is partly thanks to the cultural agency Unesco.\nIts Millennium Development Goals, which will soon be superseded by the Sustainable Development Goals, have been described as the greatest anti-poverty drive in history.\nOften, however, the work of agencies is hindered by a lack of funding from member states, which is often called donor fatigue.\nThere is a chronic shortfall in Syria, for instance, where only 38% of the funding requirements have been met.\nOf the $4.5bn needed by the UN to confront the Syrian refugee crisis, only $1.8bn has been contributed.\nThe UN\'s convening power, the simple fact that it brings together 193 members, is obviously unique.\nStill, all too often its members deliberately hamper its work.\nUN agencies would like to deliver humanitarian aid to Syria, to use one example, but for much of the past five years the Security Council has not mandated them to do so.\nRussia, with the backing usually of China, has used its veto as a block to protect its ally, Syria\'s President Bashar al-Assad.\nThis kind of obstructionism and negative statecraft is common at the UN.\nCritics of Israel, a country that regularly complains of being unfairly vilified at the UN, bemoan the regular use of US vetoes to shield it from international criticism.\nOften the UN doesn\'t solve the world\'s problems, but merely reflects them.\nAs the late US diplomat Richard Holbrooke once memorably said, blaming the UN is rather like blaming Madison Square Garden when the New York Knicks lose.\nIt is the players that count, and they who ultimately decide on whether the UN succeeds or fails as a multinational problem-solver.\nSyria offers a case study of the UN at its best and its worst.\nThe deadlock in Security Council has stymied peace efforts, but the UN runs the massive Zaatari refugee camp in Jordan, the home to almost 80,000 displaced people.\nThat camp could never in any way be described as "heaven".\nBut it has saved those seeking shelter from "hell".']>>  to "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', '"The UN was not created to take mankind to heaven, but to save humanity from hell."']"

Tough bubbles could trap and deliver medication while providing a protective barrier between the wound dressing and the damaged skin, they believe.
The Strathclyde University researchers have begun making a synthetic version of foam.
They are taking inspiration from the tiny Tungara frog from Trinidad.
After mating, the 5cm-sized amphibians whip up a bubbly nest that protects the spawn for days from disease, predators and weather.
The foam is made of at least six proteins that retain the shape and strength of the nest.
Dr Paul Hoskisson and his colleagues say they have worked out the composition of four of these proteins and have begun mixing their own recipe.
When they loaded their synthetic foam with a dye as a test, they found it released it at a steady rate for up to seven days.
Next they loaded it with an antibiotic drug called vancomycin and found the drug was released and worked as it should on infected laboratory samples, without damaging the health of cells.
But they say they are still some way off creating a foam that is as stable as the one made by the frogs.
Dr Hoskisson said: "I'd say we are about half way there, to making a stable foam. Once we do that, we would then need to test it in patients, but that will take a few years yet."
While foams like these are a long way from hitting the clinic, they could eventually help patients with infected wounds and burns, by providing support and protection for healing tissue and delivering drugs at the same time, said Dr Hoskisson.
The researchers are presenting their early work to the Microbiology Society's Annual Conference taking place in Liverpool.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

A toxin in the sting kills cancer cells without harming normal cells, lab studies suggest.
The University of Brazil team say the experimental therapy latches to tumour cells and makes them leak vital molecules.
The work is at an early stage and more studies are needed to check the method will work safely in humans.
Polybia paulista is an aggressive social wasp endemic in south-east Brazil.
Though its sting is largely seen as unwelcome, scientists increasingly believe it could be put to good use.
It contains an important toxin called MP1 which the insect uses to attack prey or defend itself.
And recent studies in mice suggest it may target and destroy cancer cells.
Prof Joao Ruggiero Netto and colleagues set out to discover how, by putting it under the microscope.
They found MP1 interacts with fat molecules that are abnormally distributed on the surface of cancer cells, creating gaping holes that allow molecules crucial for cell function to leak out.
In healthy cells, the same molecules are hidden on the inside. This means healthy tissue should avoid MP1's attack, the scientists say in Biophysical Journal.
Co-researcher Dr Paul Beales, from the University of Leeds, said cancer therapies that attacked the lipid composition of the cell membrane would be an entirely new class of anti-cancer drugs.
"This could be useful in developing new combination therapies, where multiple drugs are used simultaneously to treat a cancer by attacking different parts of the cancer cells at the same time," he said.
Dr Aine McCarthy, science information officer for Cancer Research UK said: "This early stage research increases our understanding of how the venom of the Brazilian wasp can kill cancer cells in the laboratory.
"But while these findings are exciting, much more work is needed in the lab and in clinical trials before we will know if drugs based on this research could benefit cancer patients."


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: The UK government does not intend to make alternative plans for the storage of the UK's nuclear weapons outside of Scotland, it has emerged.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Scottish government opposes the Trident missile system and the storing of nuclear weapons in the country.
On Monday, MPs will vote on whether or not to renew Trident, which is based at Faslane on the Clyde.
No contingency plans for moving Trident were put in place in the run up to the 2014 Scottish independence vote.
The Scottish government had pledged it would get rid of nuclear weapons if Scotland voted to leave the UK.
The MoD has said it was not anticipating another referendum and Faslane is the best place for the weapons to be based.
After the UK referendum vote to leave the EU, Scotland's First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said a second independence referendum was now "highly likely".
And at David Cameron's final PMQs this week, SNP Westminster leader Angus Robertson said one of Theresa May's first tasks as the new prime minister would be to impose Trident "against the will of almost every single MP from Scotland".
Mr Cameron responded: "On Trident, there will be a vote in this house and it's right that this house should decide and many people in Scotland support our nuclear deterrent, maintaining it and the jobs that come to Scotland."

The Commons energy committee, which has been investigating the impact of Brexit on energy policy, urged the UK to delay leaving Europe's nuclear regulator.
Power supplies could be threatened if a new regulator was not ready, it said.
Ministers had told the committee that guaranteeing the UK's supply of nuclear fuel was a "high priority".
The report, by the cross-party Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy Committee, warns that Brexit could distract the government from introducing policies to tackle climate change and result in key standards being removed.
It says there is a long-term risk the UK will become a "rule-taker" - unable to influence European rules and standards it has to comply with - and says plans to leave the European regulator Euratom have not been thought through.
Committee chairman Iain Wright said: "Ministers must act as urgently as possible. The repercussions of failing to do so are huge.
"The continued operations of the UK nuclear industry are at risk," the Labour MP said.
The committee recommended delaying the UK's departure from Euratom, until alternative arrangements were in place, saying that would "minimise and disruptions to trade and threats to power supplies".
Former Business Secretary Sir Vince Cable said it was "madness" to pull out of Euratom, adding it would be "a monumental waste of time and money".
"The report makes clear that leaving will threaten power supplies.
"It shows the dogma of the Conservative Brexit ultras that they are prepared to risk power supplies, trade and research just for misguided ideological reasons," Sir Vince said.
Justin Bowden, national officer of the GMB union, said: "The latest stark warning about Euratom and the Brexit approach to nuclear power, yet again emphasises our government's lack of anything that could be called a coherent energy policy.
"Decisive action must take place now. The electorate will not forgive politicians of any political party who fail in their duty to maintain the electricity supply," he said.
As well as warning over regulation of the nuclear industry, the business committee's report also warned that there were risks if the UK started regulating areas like energy efficiency differently from the rest of the European Union.
"The UK could become a dumping ground for energy inefficient products," the report said.
"The committee urges the government to mirror or retain European standards for the immediate future at least," it said.
Business Secretary Greg Clark gave evidence to the committee in April. He told the MPs it was "a very high priority" that arrangements were in place that would guarantee the UK's supply of nuclear fuel.
Responding to the report, Mr Clark said: "The future of the nuclear industry in this country can only be protected by a prime minister who will actually stand up for Britain and nuclear power in Brexit negotiations.
"That's the stark choice in this election - strong leadership with Theresa May, who has already commissioned the first new nuclear power station in a generation, or entrusting Britain's nuclear future to floundering Jeremy Corbyn, a man who has spent his political career pushing for nuclear power stations to be decommissioned entirely."
In March the first concrete was poured at Hinkley Point C in Somerset, which marked the construction of Britain's first new nuclear power plant in more than 20 years.
Hinkley Point C is the first in a series of planned nuclear projects to replace ageing nuclear reactors and coal-fired power stations.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: There was some relief for Scotland's national newspapers last month, according to the latest sales figures.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Herald and The Scotsman both enjoyed their best sales for several months although their circulations were both well down on last year.
The Herald had headline sales of 55,135 while The Scotsman had an average circulation of 46,138 copies each day.
Meanwhile, The Daily Record's Scottish sales moved above the 300,000 barrier again after a dip in recent months.
The recovery at The Herald may be a sign that its sales are starting to stabilise. This is its best circulation figure since April.
New editor Jonathan Russell made a change in his first few days in the job which would have been immediately obvious to many regular readers, radically redesigning the front page to make it much more bold and eye-catching.
The move was the subject of much discussion amongst other media professionals and the sales figures may indicate that it has caught the eye of casual readers too.
The Scotsman always tends to put on sales in August during the Edinburgh Festival.
But for both the papers, which consider themselves to be Scotland's quality press, the annual comparisons are still ominous.
The Scotsman dropped from 50,570 in August 2009 to 46,138 last month. The Herald fell from 58,157 to 55,135.
In the case of The Scotsman almost 4,000 of the circulation is accounted for by copies given away free at places such as hotels and airports.
Across the UK, The Times, Daily Telegraph and The Guardian all saw bigger annual percentage declines than The Herald and The Scotsman within Scotland.
The Daily Mail sold more than 120,000 copies a day in Scotland last month while The Times sold nearly 24,000. The Daily Telegraph was bought by just over 23,000 people a day.
The Scottish edition of The Sun had a circulation of 344,000.
On Sundays, the Sunday Herald had a circulation of 43,788 within Scotland, Scotland on Sunday 57,119 and the Sunday Times 63,850.
The Sunday Times scaled back its Scottish operation in June but it still comfortably outsells the quality papers published north of the border.

About 147,000 people now tune into the station each week - up 4,000 in the past three months.
Meanwhile BBC Radio Wales saw a 34,000 fall in its weekly listeners to 438,000, but its listener share rose.
Radio Two broke the one million-listener barrier in Wales for the first time.
Rajar (Radio Joint Audience Research Ltd) issues latest radio listening figures for stations across the UK every three months. The latest figures cover the six months to the end of June.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: One word and a freckle indirectly led to Richard Huckle's arrest.

Police in Australia and Europe were aware of a paedophile site called the Love Zone hidden in the so-called dark web.
It was protected by passwords, encryption and specialist software. Users were totally anonymous.
The images and videos there were particularly disturbing - showing the abuse of babies and very young children.
Members had to post increasingly graphic material to remain on the site. There were tens of thousands of accounts.
Officers with Task Force Argos in Australia knew the creator of the site used an unusual greeting - the word "hiyas".
After exhaustively trawling chatrooms and forums in the open internet, they found a Facebook page of a man who used the same greeting.
Although the Facebook page was fake, they identified a picture of a vehicle and that led them to a man called Shannon McCoole - a childcare worker in Adelaide.
When officers went through his door, he was actually online running the site.
They took detailed photographs of McCoole's hands. This is where the freckle comes in - one on his finger matched exactly one seen in many of the images of abuse.
In an unprecedented move, Task Force Argos assumed McCoole's identity and took over the running of the site.
Last year he was given a 35-year prison sentence.
One user who stood out was Huckle - given the number of children he had access to and his aggressive attitude.
Using data gleaned from the site and information Huckle had posted on social media and other open internet sites, they identified who he was and where he lived.
Realising he was coming back to the UK for the Christmas holidays in 2014, they tipped off Britain's National Crime Agency.
As he landed at Gatwick airport he was met by officers from the NCA's Child Exploitation and Online Protection command.
On his computer and encrypted drives they found tens of thousands of obscene images and videos.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

3 June 2016 Last updated at 13:34 BST
With the help of a melting ice cream, Ikenna carries out his own social experiment to prove the US president made the right choice.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Minecraft, the online world that most parents simply don't understand, is now officially the most watched game of all time on YouTube.

According to the video-sharing site, the game that allows children to build worlds made out of blocks - a bit like Lego - has also become the most searched-for term, behind "music".
It bears out earlier research from YouTube video research firms Newzoo and Octoloy, which found that Minecraft material notched up more than 3.9 billion views on YouTube in March 2015 alone.
None of this will come as a surprise to the many parents who have become 'Minecraft-widows', desperately trying to entice their children to go on a bike ride, throw a ball, visit the park - anything other than while away the hours watching other people build things with little green bricks on the internet.
The fact that parents are worried about the varying levels of enthusiasm/obsession/addiction that their children display when playing Minecraft has been well-documented.
In numerous posts and articles online, they complain that the game is taking over their children's lives, that they become irritated when they aren't playing it, they neglect homework, chores, even going to the toilet, to keep on playing.
It has led some parents to ban or severely curtail Minecraft time. One father, explaining his decision to limit his twin boys' access to the game, said simply: "Minecraft, as with all successfully addictive games, is endless. My kids' childhood isn't, and I want them to spend it learning about the real world, not a virtual one."
But for other parents, children playing the game is OK - at least they are doing something vaguely creative - but spending hours mindlessly watching others playing it represents a whole new level of obsession.
I've got two boys who, it is fair to say, are closer to being Minecraft fanatics rather than just fans.
That means they spend a lot of time watching YouTube videos of other people playing the game in its various guises. Right now, they probably watch more YouTube than regular TV.
Do I mind? A little, but I'm aware of the place that Minecraft occupies among my boys and their peers. Cutting them off would mean severing a strong link to their friends.
And that interest has a positive aspect too. It's made them intimately familiar with Minecraft down to its most esoteric commands, is nurturing a desire to make their own mods for the game, has led them to run their own game server, make and edit videos and curate their own YouTube channel. It's by no means passive consumption.
There is certainly a rich vein of Minecraft-related content on YouTube - around 42 million videos that range from tutorials offering ideas on new things to create, "Let's Play" videos, essentially footage of other people playing the game, and new ways to modify their Minecraft worlds.
There are also hundreds of channels devoted to Minecraft, including popular ones such as Yogscast and SkyDoesMinecraft.
Some, dedicated specifically to children, have become internet sensations.  Stampy, a YouTube channel narrated by a cat has more than 5.6 million subscribers and nearly 3.4 billion views. In 2014, it was the fourth most popular YouTube channel.
Others are less appropriate, narrated by what one parent described as "helpful but sweary" adults.
Bec Oakley is founder of MineMum, a blog intended to help guide parents through the minefield that is Minecraft.
She is not surprised that it has become so popular on YouTube.
"YouTube is this generation's television. It's how [children] entertain themselves, learn, share. Watching others play Minecraft allows them to extend their experience of the game, to share it with others and to learn from each other," she told the BBC.
"There's a huge amount of content available, and much of it is incredibly engaging, educational or useful for kids," she added.
She acknowledged that Minecraft is "definitely a game that kids can become obsessed with, and watching YouTube can be part of that obsession".
But she added that she doesn't think it signals a problem in itself. "A better indication of that is how much time is being spent, and the flow on effect on health and mood.
"It's important for parents to help kids enjoy their love of Minecraft in healthy ways - to talk with them about things like how to be healthy gamers, how to identify when they need a break, and to set rules for healthy game play with rewards for sticking to them."
Mojang, the maker of Minecraft, never designed the game specifically for children.
The brainchild of Swedish videogame programmer and designer Markus "Notch" Persson, Minecraft was inspired by a series of other games such as Dwarf Fortress, amusement park simulator RollerCoaster Tycoon and strategy game Dungeon Keeper.
Eventually Mr Persson founded Mojang, which last year was bought by Microsoft.
His firm has always encouraged fans to put videos up on YouTube.
While Nintendo uses YouTube's Content ID copyright system to make its claim videos featuring its games - accruing any advertising revenue they generate along the way, Mojang has always taken a more relaxed approach.
"We've essentially outsourced YouTube videos to a community of millions of people, and what they come up with is more creative than anything we could make ourselves... There's no damage to us from YouTube," Mojang's chief operating officer Vu Bui told the Guardian newspaper last year.
At the same time as Minecraft has become a sensation, so too has YouTube begun to appeal to a younger audience - in February 2015, nine of the top 20 YouTube channels were aimed at youngsters.
And it isn't just Minecraft videos that they are watching. My son, who never really took to Minecraft, will happily watch videos of other people playing Fifa. Often for hours.
And children do get obsessed with things. There is a long list of toys and games that have been greedily coveted by kids, only to be discarded a few years later.
And maybe Minecraft will also end up in the back of the toy cupboard - and children will return to watching cats on YouTube like every other self-respecting citizen.
There have been many studies, some controversial, into whether gaming affects the brain.
Researchers in China, for example, performed magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies on the brains of 18 college students who spent an average of 10 hours a day online, primarily playing games like World of Warcraft. Compared with a control group who spent less than two hours a day online, gamers had less grey matter (the thinking part of the brain).
And, as far back as the early 1990s, scientists warned that because video games only stimulate brain regions that control vision and movement, other parts of the mind responsible for behaviour, emotion, and learning could become underdeveloped.
In terms of specific studies on Minecraft, an article penned by psychologists Jun Lee and Robert Pasin in Quartz magazine, suggests it may not be as creative as parents might hope: "In Minecraft, kids can build and explore new worlds and manipulate them with unprecedented control and precision.
"The underlying creativity is baked into the program - the combinations, tools and materials - so the players have only one task to complete: design ever more complex structures. Though this seems like the pinnacle of an imaginative play experience, the kids we studied said they felt edgy and irritable after Minecraft sessions."
The game, said the researchers, becomes "less about open-ended play and more about working to complete the never-ending stacks of buildings."

My sons, Toby and Callum, are huge fans of the game and went along both as spectators and experts to help me understand the significance of what and whom I was seeing.
It was the first Minecon held for 18 months during which time the 70 millionth copy of the game was sold and Mojang itself was sold to Microsoft for $2.5bn (Â£1.6bn).
In total, 10,000 fans visited the Excel convention centre in London's Docklands for Minecon and, in doing so, set a Guinness world record for an event dedicated to one video game.
The convention drew attendees from more than 73 countries, with some coming from as far away as New Zealand just to join in.
Brian Gow, visiting the show with his son Davis, had not travelled quite so far, coming only from Edmonton, Canada. Minecon was, he said, forming part of a longer European trip.
"It's our first Minecon," he said. "We've played the game since early on so seeing it evolve so quickly is really interesting."
He added: "I teach communications and technology at university and I talk about Minecraft quite a bit, about open source and communities and the players that make it bigger than it otherwise would be."
Minecon: A fan's view - Toby Ward (Aged 11)
Minecon was fun-filled - there were a lot of activities and other things to do - you could play Minecraft against other people in the Tournament area. I beat lots of people at the Hunger Games - a version of Minecraft made like the books and films.
You also got to meet a lot of people who are part of the huge Minecraft community. There were Mojang developers, staff and lots of YouTubers.
The Pack was at Minecon - they are a group of YouTubers who make a lot of Minecraft videos. They answered questions and met lots of their fans. I got to meet Mr Woofless who is my favourite YouTuber and I got him to sign my Minecon badge.
At Minecon the panels, discussions and Q&A sessions were tilted towards the players and helping them learn how to get more out of the game - often by putting more in.
There were many sessions on modifying, or modding, Minecraft to upgrade and change its basic blocks and creatures. In other rooms, show-goers talked about how to mod the game's code to turn it from a block-building exercise into a capture-the-flag or team deathmatch-type game.
There were also lessons on setting up servers that ran the modified code and on how to attract players to these places and keep them happy. Other sessions dealt with ways to use Minecraft to learn programming or other school subjects.
Chris White, who came from San Diego for the event, said Minecraft's diversity was part of its strength.
"A lot of people have made their own game, inside of the game itself," he said.
"I love how you can do anything you want in it, the amount of people you meet; how you can have your own server; how many people you can be friends with and play against."
He added: "I'm surprised at how big Minecon is, I knew 10,000 people was a lot but this, it's enormous."
Minecon filled every hall at the sprawling Excel exhibition centre. The main presentation stage hosted the opening ceremony, a Minecraft game show, costume competition and a dance show celebrating the game. Another hall was given over to an expo involving a tournament area, Minecraft-themed funfair booths, statues of blocky Minecraft animals and merchandise stalls.
Hands-on with Hololens augmented reality headset - Callum Ward (Aged 11)
When I was using the Hololens, it was amazing. I've never tried anything like it before.
I thought that it was cool in the way that you could project images on your wall, as a TV, or on a table as a perspective on Minecraft. But when you try to move around it is not that accurate and needs some improvement.
I would prefer the normal control system for Minecraft because the controller you get with Hololens is not very good. They really need to improve the control system and make it better.
As well as being a hit with many individual players, the game's success has made stars of many people who make Minecraft-themed videos - day in, day out. This year Minecraft became the most watched game of all time on video-sharing site YouTube.
Any vlogger or YouTuber recognised as they walked around the show was mobbed by fans who waylaid them to get an autograph or take a selfie with their idols.
One of the most popular sessions at the show was with a Q&A on Saturday on the show floor with a group of of popular vloggers and YouTubers known as The Pack. Between them the members of The Pack - Mr Woofless, PrestonPlayz, JeromeASF, BajanCanadian, Vikstarr123HD and Lachlan - have an average age of 20, and more than 15 million subscribers.
YouTuber Mr Woofless, aka Robert, said: "It's been amazing to meet fans that I wouldn't be able to meet in North America. It's definitely an experience being in an area in which people will swarm you.
"It can be difficult at times but it is absolutely rewarding in a sense that I would never have understood a year ago," he said.
Minecon was a way for him and other YouTubers to connect with people they otherwise only know via a user name or text comment, he said.
"It's a game that has grown mainly because of the community and I think that's what's amazing," he said.
Mr Woofless also gave advice to people who make their own videos to share with friends and online.
"Making videos is difficult, keeping it fresh, keeping it entertaining, keeping it always at 400%, you have to go in, go strong and start every video with absolutely all of your passion," he told the BBC.
"That's difficult but it's about balance, I think. Take that 30 minute run in the morning, it's about eating right, about spending time with friends and having a consistently balanced life," he told the BBC.
At the convention, Mojang also talked about features in forthcoming versions of the game which will include letting characters carry and use objects in both hands. In addition, some elements of the game, an area known as The End and its final boss - the Ender dragon - are also getting updates.
The first trailer for Minecraft: Story Mode - which turns the game into an episodic adventure - was aired at the show and gave people a glimpse of the story that will be played out in that.
Mojang owner Microsoft also took the opportunity to give attendees a glimpse of the version of Minecraft it is preparing for the Hololens augmented reality system. Microsoft staged a competition to pick 50 convention goers who were able to don the helmet and get a look at the invention.
But despite the enthusiasm and creativity on show, not everyone who attended was sold on Minecraft's appeal.
"I hate video games," said Melvina Lecaros who was chaperoning her son Jose around the event. "I'm really not pro spending a lot of time in front of screens even though it clearly does make them happy."
She said of her son "he has learned a lot of programming from it, and some science and geology, so he and his friends have got that out of it".
However, she was sceptical about the supposed educational side of it because, she said, often all they seem to do is run around hitting other players with swords.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A retired Church of England bishop has been jailed for a string of offences against teenagers and young men.

Peter Ball, 83, was sentenced to 32 months for misconduct in public office and 15 months for indecent assaults, to run concurrently.
The former Bishop of Lewes and Bishop of Gloucester used "religion as a cloak" to carry out the abuse between the 1970s and 1990s, the court heard.
The Church of England said there were "no excuses".
Before Ball was sentenced, the Old Bailey heard a member of the Royal Family and other establishment figures backed Ball while he tried to avoid charges of sexually abusing young aspiring priests in the early 1990s.
Bobbie Cheema QC, prosecuting, said during the investigation police received 2,000 letters of support for the bishop, including backing from a royal figure and cabinet ministers.
Ball was cautioned for one act of gross indecency in 1993 against 16-year-old trainee monk Neil Todd and resigned, but was allowed to work in churches until 2010.
"I should make it clear that it is impossible to say whether those letters were encouraged and it is unlikely that those who wrote were in possession of the full facts," Ms Cheema added.
A statement released by Clarence House after the hearing said: "The Prince of Wales made no intervention in the judicial process on behalf of Peter Ball."
Sentencing Ball, Mr Justice Wilkie, said the retired bishop was man who did "so much good and so much harm".
He told the disgraced clergyman he used his position of authority to "persuade selected individuals to commit or submit to acts of physical or sexual debasement under the guise of being part of their austere regime of devotion when they were not".
"What you did was the antithesis of what was expected of someone holding your office."
Ms Cheema said Ball was "highly regarded as a Godly man who had a special affinity with young people".
She added: "The truth was that he used those 15 years in the position of bishop to identify, groom and exploit sensitive and vulnerable young men who came within his orbit.
"For him, religion was a cloak behind which he hid in order to satisfy his sexual interest in those who trusted him."
Victims of the retired bishop described him as a sadistic predator who groomed, controlled and abused them.
Ball, of Langport in Somerset, was Bishop of Lewes between 1977 and 1992 and Bishop of Gloucester from 1992 until his resignation the following year.
Last month he admitted offences against 18 teenagers and young men in the 1970s, 80s and 90s. He was also ordered to be placed on the sex offenders' register for 10 years.
Det Ch Insp Carwyn Hughes, of Sussex Police, said the force's investigation uncovered "systematic offending" by Ball whose principal aim was "to satisfy his sexual interest in and desire for young men".
Following the sentencing, the Bishop of Durham, the Rt Rev Paul Butler, said "the systematic abuse of trust perpetrated" by Ball was a "matter of deep shame and regret".
"We apologise unreservedly to those survivors of Peter Ball's abuse and pay tribute to their bravery in coming forward and also the long wait for justice that they have endured."
"We also remember Neil Todd, whose bravery in 1992 enabled others to come forward but who took his own life before Peter Ball's conviction or sentencing."
The Church of England has commissioned an independent review into the way it responded to sex offence allegations against the bishop.
The Archbishop of Canterbury in 1993, George Carey - now Lord Carey - said he greatly regretted that during his tenure the church "dealt inadequately with Peter Ball's victims and gave too much credence to his protestations".
He added: "Allegations that my actions amounted to a cover-up or collusion with the abuser are wrong. I have always insisted upon the highest standards of holiness of life from all who are ordained.
"But it is undoubtedly the case that in the years since the allegations came to light, the Church of England has needed to put into place much better procedures, as have all public institutions in society, to ensure that victims receive justice speedily and properly."
He said in the past the church had "failed many victims" but he hoped it was now a safer place for the young and vulnerable.
The Right Reverend Mark Sowerby, Bishop of Horsham, expressed "abhorrence and deep regret at Peter Ball's behaviour" and said it had been a "key priority to support many of those" who had given evidence against him.

Aaron Hughes, 35, was jailed for life in 2014 for drugging and raping a sleeping three-year-old.
While in prison, Hughes was charged with 10 sexual offences against three teenage boys and pleaded guilty to some of the charges at Newport Crown Court.
On Friday, a minimum tariff of 11 years was imposed, to run concurrently to his existing sentence.
At a previous hearing in April, Hughes pleaded guilty to one charge of rape he carried out in 2008.
He also admitted three charges of sexual activity against two 13-year-old boys and one charge of causing or inciting a child to engage in sexual activity, which were all committed in 2004.
Prosecutors did not seek a trial on five further counts of sexual activity with a child.
Following the sentencing, South Wales Police Det Insp Stuart Wales said: "We would like to thank the many witnesses who supported this investigation and pay tribute to the three complainants who each demonstrated significant fortitude and courage throughout."
In 2014, Cardiff Crown Court heard Hughes had been given the three-year-old child by babysitter Claire Semmens, who herself was jailed for 16 years after admitting two charges of causing or inciting a child to engage in sexual activity and possessing indecent images.
He was caught when police did a routine check on his computer because they believed he had breached a court order by downloading indecent images of children.
He was jailed for life for sex attacks on the toddler.