Question: Same sex marriage is now legal in the entire US after a Supreme Court ruling striking down state marriage bans.

The ruling means all US states must grant marriage licences to gay and lesbian couples and recognise marriages that have taken place in other states.
So how did we get to this point?
In 1996, the US Congress passed and President Bill Clinton signed the Defense of Marriage Act, a law that prohibited federal recognition of same-sex marriages.
In 2003, Massachusetts judges ruled the state constitution allowed gay marriage, and marriage licences followed shortly after that. In the following years, a handful of states passed gay marriage bans while others began working towards allowing same-sex unions - either by court order or legislation.
One high-profile ban occurred by referendum in California in 2008 after courts had previously allowed same-sex marriage.
This continued across the US until the Supreme Court heard a challenge to the Defense of Marriage Act in 2013.
What did justices have to decide in this case?
The justices, who had previously stopped short of resolving the question of same-sex marriage nationally, had to consider whether or not states were constitutionally required to issue marriage licences and if states were required to recognise same-sex marriages performed elsewhere.
How many states previously allowed same-sex unions?
Before the ruling, 36 states were issuing marriage licences to same-sex couples, as well as Washington DC, which sets its own marriage laws but is not legally a state.
A critical turning point came in October 2014, when the Supreme Court chose not to hear appeals against lower court rulings that had overturned same-sex marriage bans - expanding the legality of gay unions to many more states.
In other states, same-sex marriage has been approved either through legislation or voter referenda.
Michigan couples were briefly able to marry before a court stayed a ruling overturning its ban.
What have been the key Supreme Court rulings?
On 6 October 2014, the court turned away appeals from five states with gay marriage bans on the books that had challenged court rulings overturning those bans.
In challenging the gay marriage bans, proponents relied on a 2013 Supreme Court ruling in the case of United States v Windsor.
In that case, the court overturned the Defense of Marriage Act (Doma), which barred the federal government from recognising same-sex marriages.
Under Doma, for example, individuals in same-sex marriages were ineligible for benefits from federal programmes such as the Social Security pension system and some tax allowances if their partners died.
Another key case, Hollingsworth v Perry of 2013, was filed by two lawyers, Theodore Olson and David Boies, working together on behalf of their California clients, Kristin Perry and Sandra Stier and another couple, Jeffrey Zarrillo and Paul Katami.
They argued that the Supreme Court should strike down a state law, called Proposition 8, which stated that marriage is between a man and a woman. The law, approved by California voters in 2008, overrode a state Supreme Court decision that allowed for same-sex marriage.
What is next?
Marriages will continue as before in the 36 states. The remaining states will have to issue licences, although it is unclear how long they have to comply with the court's ruling. However, there were reports of court clerk offering licences only an hour after the Supreme Court decision.

Four counties granted marriage licences to same-sex couples after a federal court threw out a ban on Friday.
But on Tuesday an appellate court stayed the ruling tossing the voter-approved ban, pending an appeal.
Rick Snyder, a Republican, said the marriages were "legal" but the gay marriage ban had been restored.
"We did our own homework and I believe this is a reasonable legal position to take based on the available literature and law," Mr Snyder told reporters on Wednesday.
Other politicians are said to be urging US President Barack Obama's administration to recognise the marriages at the federal level, but the US justice department has not yet commented on the matter.
Michigan voters approved a ban on same-sex marriage in 2004. But on Friday, a federal judge struck it down after two Detroit-area nurses argued that the ban violated their guarantees under the US constitution to equal protection under the law.
Michigan Attorney General Bill Schuette, also a Republican, promptly moved for an appeal, and on Tuesday, a federal appeals court reinstated the ban indefinitely as it weighed the state's appeal.
Bans on gay marriage have been ruled unconstitutional in recent months in Texas, Utah, Oklahoma and Virginia, though the rulings have been put on hold pending appeals.
Seventeen states and the District of Columbia currently issue licences for same-sex marriage.
Analysts say the matter will eventually be decided by the US Supreme Court.


Question: Represent text.

Question: Junior doctors in England have overwhelmingly voted in favour of going on strike in their dispute with ministers over a new contract.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

E.g. ['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Vasip Sahin said the man, named earlier as Uzbek national Abdulkadir Masharipov, was believed to have entered Turkey in January 2016.\nMr Sahin said the suspect had confessed to the attack and that his fingerprints matched those found at the scene.\nThirty-nine people died in the attack on the Reina club with dozens wounded.\nCitizens of Israel, France, Tunisia, Lebanon, India, Belgium, Jordan and Saudi Arabia were among the victims.\nSo-called Islamic State (IS) said it was behind the attack, saying it was revenge for Turkish military involvement in Syria.\nPolice detained the man on Monday evening in a raid on an address in the Istanbul suburb of Esenyurt. Initial reports said a Kyrgyz man was also held but Mr Sahin said on Tuesday that a man of Iraqi origin and three women of Egyptian and African origin were detained.\nA picture of Abdulkadir Masharipov taken shortly after his arrest showed him being held by the neck by an officer with his face bruised and bloodied.\nSource: Istanbul Governor Vasip Sahin\nTurkish police can question the suspect for up to 30 days without charging him under state of emergency laws that were introduced after last July\'s failed coup.\nMr Sahin said that contrary to earlier reports, the suspect\'s four year-old son was not with him when he was detained.\nThe governor said it was "clear that [Masharipov] staged the attack on behalf of Daesh," using the Arabic acronym for the IS group.\n"He was trained in Afghanistan and can speak four languages. He\'s a well-trained terrorist," Mr Sahin added.\nPolice also seized pistols, ammunition, two drones and nearly $200,000 (Â£164,000) in the raid, he said.\nPresident Recep Tayyip Erdogan congratulated security forces after the operation.\n"From now on in this country nobody will get away with what they have done. Everyone will be brought to account within the rule of law," he said in Ankara.\nThe attack on the nightclub began when the gunman arrived by taxi and rushed through the entrance with a long-barrelled gun taken from the boot of the car.\nHe fired randomly at people celebrating the New Year.\nA huge manhunt was launched amid fears that the gunman had escaped Turkey, perhaps to territory held by IS.'] == ['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', "The man suspected of carrying out the New Year's Eve attack on a nightclub in Istanbul was trained in Afghanistan, the city's governor says."]

Some 98% voted in favour of a full strike and 99% in favour of action just short of a full strike.
The first walk-out will start on 1 December with another two dates earmarked for later in the month.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said the doctors' decision was "very, very disappointing" news.
And he rejected calls for talks to be held at conciliation service Acas, although he would not rule it out completely.
"Study after study has shown that our mortality rates at weekends are too high," he said.
"We put forward a very fair offer for doctors, which will see pay go up for three-quarters of junior doctors. We wanted to talk about this to them, but in the end they have chosen to strike so we will have to put in contingency plans."
He also said that the government's offer had been "misrepresented".
The British Medical Association (BMA) said it was "inevitable" disruption would be caused to patients as a result of the strikes, but maintained it had been left with no choice as the contract was "unsafe".
The action is likely to lead to the cancelling and rescheduling of thousands of routine appointments, tests and operations with the NHS forced to prioritise emergency cases.
The union has asked the Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service (Acas) to get involved to offer independent arbitration - something the Academy of Medical Royal Colleges, which normally stays out of politics, has said it supports.
The dates for industrial action are:
The BMA balloted just over 37,700 members - over two-thirds of the workforce - and 76% took part in the ballot.
Paris attacks: The young doctor who treated first casualties
Services will be disrupted, make no mistake about that. But the British Medical Association argues the aim of doctors taking part will not be to maximise that - as is the goal in many other industrial disputes.
On the first day of action that has been earmarked, junior doctors will still staff emergency care. On the other two dates, they will walk out in the knowledge there will be other medics - consultants, staff doctors and locums - that can plug the gaps.
Whether that will be enough for hard-pressed emergency services will be argued over ahead, during and after any walkout.
What is certain, though, is routine services will suffer. Hip operations, knee replacement and routine clinics will have to be cancelled.
In fact, as happened the last time doctors took action in 2012, over pensions, expect hospitals to start rearranging services in advance.
The vote comes after thousands of doctors have taken part in a series of protests in recent months in the contract dispute.
Talks broke down last year, and ministers have since said they will impose the new contract from next year.
As the ballot papers went out a fortnight ago, Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt made a last ditch attempt to persuade doctors to accept the offer.
He wrote to all the doctors in the country with a fresh offer.
It included a promise of an 11% rise in basic pay, but the BMA said this was misleading as it was offset by curbs to other elements of the pay package, including unsociable hours payments.
Ministers have promised to protect pay for the first three years of the deal.
But the BMA has said there are insufficient safeguards to stop hospitals overworking doctors and they could lose out financially in the long term.
55,000
junior doctors in England
37,700
balloted over industrial action
Â£3.1bn spent on junior doctor pay currently
11% rise in basic pay offered
25% cut in weekly hours that attract a premium unsociable hours payment
After the result of the ballot was announced, BMA leader Dr Mark Porter said: "We regret the inevitable disruption that this will cause but it is the government's adamant insistence on imposing a contract that is unsafe for patients in the future, and unfair for doctors now and in the future, that has brought us to this point.
"Our message to him is that junior doctors have today made their views perfectly clear but that it is still possible to get back around the negotiating table to deliver a contract that is safe for patients, contains the necessary contractual safeguards to prevent junior doctors being overworked and properly recognises evening and weekend work."
Meanwhile, Labour shadow health secretary Heidi Alexander has written to the prime minister to ask him to intervene, saying the profession had "lost confidence" in Mr Hunt. She also wants to see independent arbitration.
The letter - seen by the BBC - says: "With the NHS facing its most difficult winter in recent memory, and the prospect of industrial action now looming, it is imperative that urgent steps are taken to resolve this dispute."
Roger Goss, of the campaign group Patient Concern, criticised the way both sides had handled the dispute but said doctors should not go on strike.
"This is the worst news for patients in the history of the NHS. What happened to the promise that the interests of patients are paramount and we put patients first?
"Any honourable doctor with a genuine vocation who wants to preserve the high esteem which the medical profession currently enjoys will refuse to cause suffering inherent in a full-scale walk-out."
Scotland and Wales have said they do not want to introduce the contract changes, while Northern Ireland has yet to make a decision.
Read more from Nick
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Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Prof Don Berwick, who led a review for government on safety three years ago, said there should be a three-year moratorium on the new contract.
He said the NHS had a "demoralised" workforce and needed to find another way out of the "mess".
Ministers have said the new contract is needed to improve safety at weekends.
But Prof Berwick cast doubt on that by saying it may be "impossible" for the NHS to tackle the issue given the current level of funding, the HSJ reports.
Speaking at an event in London at the King's Fund think-tank, Prof Berwick said: "You cannot achieve excellence in combat with your future workforce, it makes no sense at all.
"So you need to find a way to de-escalate... I think the government should apologise."
But Prof Berwick, who has also acted as a health adviser to US President Barack Obama, said there did not need to be resignations but urged ministers to acknowledge their "mistake".
He also urged junior doctors to have "some courage and generosity" and embrace some of the changes being made.
Was a contract deal ever possible?
The junior doctors row explained
What exactly do junior doctors do?
How does your job compare?
Prof Berwick is the most high profile figure yet to speak out against the decision to impose the new contract.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt made the announcement earlier this month after talks with the British Medical Association broke down.
The BMA has argued the deal is "flawed" and say they have put forward a "fair and affordable" alternative.
The new contract, which reduces payments for weekend working, will start being rolled out in the summer.
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Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: An obsession with winning medals puts grassroots sport at risk, an AM has said.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Labour's Lee Waters said limited public cash should be spent on getting more people active, not "investments that win medals for a few".
Wales earned four gold medals and six silver at Rio, among a total GB haul of 67.
Sport Wales says it spends three times more on grassroots sport than elite sport.
Mr Waters, who was elected as Llanelli AM in May, is a member of the assembly's culture committee.
He said funding for elite sport was "being prioritised" and "austerity cuts have brought local clubs to the brink".
"The medal tally at the Rio Olympics was brilliant and intoxicating.
"But it masks a growing crisis in sports at a grassroots level, and does nothing to address the wider public health emergency from rising obesity. An obsession with winning medals risks the future of grassroots sports.
"It's great being near top of the league for medals but we are also top of the league for childhood obesity in Europe and that should come first."
Mr Waters said Carmarthenshire council was spending a Â£293,000 Welsh Government grant on staff to encourage kids to join clubs and "progress up the elite ladder", while "pitches are threatened with being sold off for housing developments and volunteer coaches are at their wits' end".
He cited figures from the Carmarthenshire United Sports Committee saying 10 sports clubs and 100 bowlers had been lost as a result of fee increases brought in by the authority.
The council's executive member for leisure, Meryl Gravell, said the authority "continues to invest significant resources in grassroots sport, working closely with the Welsh Government and Sport Wales to deliver initiatives such as 'Dragon Sport' and '5x60' extra-curricular sports clubs in schools and supporting local clubs through community chest grants".
Sport Wales said it invested Â£24m a year in community sports - three times that invested in elite sport.
A spokeswoman said: "We have seen positive trends in the last few years of increased regular participation across the board but we are not complacent and want to ensure that our investment is helping to deliver a network of opportunities that enable people to become, and crucially, remain active."
A Welsh Government spokeswoman said: "Welsh sporting success, whether at the Euros or at the Rio Olympics, can play a huge role in inspiring people, young and old, to participate in sport at all levels and to increase their physical activity."
She said the government was working with others "on a range of projects to support people to be more physically active, including free swimming".

8 August 2017 Last updated at 12:34 BST
But she's unhappy with new changes to the way that England's women are funded.
She's gone to meet players to find out what they think.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A man has been sentenced for trying to smuggle 35 puppies through an Anglesey ferry port from Ireland.

Ben Illidge, 33, from Northwich, Cheshire, admitted seven animal regulation and welfare offences.
Caernarfon Crown Court heard the puppies were in "overcrowded cages" on 15 November last year.
Illidge was given an 18-week suspended jail term and ordered to do 200 hours of unpaid work and pay a £1,600 fine plus £1,313 in court costs.
The court heard there were Labradors, terriers, beagles, spaniels and Pomeranians - aged between six and nine weeks - in five cages stacked in the back of a "very hot" van, with no ventilation, searched at Holyhead.
District judge Gwyn Jones said: "This was a money-making venture.
"Hopefully it may make you and others understand attempting to avoid these regulations will not pay."
Police, border force, RSPCA and other officials had conducted an operation against the illegal movement of animals.
The court heard Illidge had planned to sell the animals after buying them in an Irish market and he was "naive".
Sarah Yates, defending, said the puppies had not been in the van more than a few hours and were "in good health".

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

The luxury yacht Makayabella was intercepted in September last year after crossing the Atlantic.
David Webster, 44, of Rillmead, Otley, and Philip McElhone, 29, of Freemantle Place, Leeds, both appeared via video at Leeds Crown Court.
Both pleaded guilty to conspiracy to import Class A drugs.
The two men were remanded in custody by Judge Guy Kearl QC until sentencing in September.
It is believed the drugs, which came from Venezuela, would have had a street value in excess of £160m.
The Makayabella was intercepted in poor condition by Irish authorities in the Atlantic Ocean, 200 miles off the south-west coast of Ireland, while investigators also seized a 25ft (8m) motor boat called Sea Breeze, moored in Pwllheli, north Wales.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Kate Atkinson has won the Costa novel award for the second time in three years for A God in Ruins - the companion novel to Life After Life, which won the award in 2013.

A gothic horror novel, a Victorian murder mystery and a biography of the creator of modern environmentalism were also category winners.
The overall Costa book of the year will be revealed on 26 January.
Atkinson won the top prize in 1995 with Behind the Scenes at the Museum.
Other category winners include former teacher and librarian, Andrew Michael Hurley, who has won the first novel award for his debut, The Loney.
The gothic horror initially had a first print run of just 300 copies. The judges called it "as close to the perfect first novel as you can get".
Scottish poet Don Paterson won the poetry category for a second time for his "tour de force" collection titled 40 Sonnets. He last won the award 12 years ago.
Historian and writer Andrea Wulf won the biography award for The Invention of Nature: The Adventures of Alexander Von Humboldt, The Lost Hero of Science.
She tells the story of the visionary German naturalist whose ideas changed the way we see the natural world and created modern environmentalism.
Young adult fiction and children's writer Frances Hardinge won the children's book award with The Lie Tree, a Victorian murder mystery.
The five Costa book award winners each win Â£5,000 and are all now in the running to win the Costa book of the year.
It is the only major UK book prize that is open solely to authors resident in the UK.
Last year's Costa book of the year went to Helen Macdonald's H is for Hawk. In 2013 it was The Shock of the Fall by Nathan Filer and in 2012 it was Bring Up the Bodies by Hilary Mantel.

Mukherjee's The Lives Of Others, a sweeping account of life in 1960s Calcutta, is 5/2 favourite to win with bookmakers William Hill.
It is the first year that the prize is open to all authors writing in English, regardless of nationality.
The winner will be announced at London's Guildhall on Tuesday night.
Former Booker winner Howard Jacobson is among three British writers, two Americans and an Australian on this year's shortlist.
Also on the list are Ali Smith, Joshua Ferris, Karen Joy Fowler and Richard Flanagan, who is next in the betting at 3/1.
Jacobson, who won in 2010 for his comic novel The Finkler Question, is nominated for his futuristic love story J.
It features two main characters who inhabit a world where the past is not spoken about and is shrouded in suspicion, referred to as "What Happened, If It Happened".
Mukherjee's The Lives of Others begins in Calcutta in 1967, and which focuses on the secrets and rivalries within a family against a backdrop of political activism.
Inverness-born Smith's How To Be Both tells two interlinking stories, one about a renaissance artist in 15th Century Italy, the other about a child of the 1960s - and the reader can decide which half to read first.
She has been shortlisted twice before, with 2005's The Accidental and Hotel World in 2001.
American Ferris's third novel, To Rise Again at a Decent Hour, looks at atheism through the eyes of a New York dentist, who is puzzled when someone sets up an online Facebook and Twitter account in his name.
The other American is Fowler, who is nominated for We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves. The book, narrated by a college student Rosemary, tells the story of her  family: two parents and three children - one of whom turns out to be surprisingly special.
Australia's Flanagan is the only non-British representative of the Commonwealth on the shortlist. He is nominated for The Narrow Road to the Deep North, a love story set against the construction of the Thailand-Burma Death Railway in World War Two.
Of all the shortlisted novels, Fowler's We Are All Completely Beside Ourselves is by far the best-selling. Since it was published in March it has sold more than 55,000 copies, according to figures from Nielsen.
The next closest is Ferris's To Rise Again at a Decent Hour with just over 6,000 sales since it was published at the end of May.
The announcement of the final six on 9 September caused a sales spike for all the books on the shortlist.  Mukherjee's The Lives of Others, which sold 97 copies in the week before the announcement saw sales leap to 507 a week later.
"It's a weak list that is more notable for the novels it has omitted than for those that have made the cut," said David Brauner, professor of contemporary literature at the University of Reading.
"The strongest book on the list is Howard Jacobson's J, but I fear there may be some reluctance to make him a two-time winner so soon after Hilary Mantel's double win (with Wolf Hall and Bring Up the Bodies).
"John Sutherland's mischievous (or perhaps malicious) nomination of J at the top of his list of The Top 10 Unfinishable Novels in The Guardian last week won't have helped its chances either.
"It revives the perennial debate about whether the prize should be awarded on literary merit alone or whether it should only reward what Stella Rimington called 'readable' books."
This year marks is 46th year of the Booker Prize. The judging panel, chaired by AC Grayling, consists of Sarah Churchwell, Jonathan Bate, Daniel Glaser, Alastair Niven and Erica Wagner.
Last year, the Booker was won by New Zealand's Eleanor Catton for The Luminaries. At 28, she was the youngest-ever winner.
The shortlisted authors each receive £2,500 and a specially bound edition of their book.
Coverage from this year's ceremony, where the prize will be presented by the Duchess of Cornwall. will be on the BBC News Channel from 2130 BST and on BBC Arts.


Question: Represent

Question: A satirical comedy about Adolf Hitler is one of eight titles that Germany is considering as its submission for next year's foreign language film Oscar.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Look Who's Back (Er Ist Wieder Da) imagines Hitler waking up in modern-day Berlin and getting his own TV show.
Based on a novel by the author Timur Vermes, the film was a box-office hit when it came out in Germany last year and was subsequently bought by Netflix.
Germany's submission will be chosen by an independent jury on 25 August.
The last German film to win the foreign film Oscar was The Lives of Others (Das Leben der Anderen) in 2007.
Downfall (Der Untergang), a film about Hitler's final days, was nominated for the award two years earlier.
Other films Germany is considering for the 2016 award include Toni Erdmann, a comedy about a father-daughter relationship that was well received at this year's Cannes Film Festival.
Look Who's Back is one of four titles on the shortlist about Nazis, with others including a new version of The Diary of Anne Frank and a film about the German prosecutor Fritz Bauer.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram, or email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

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Among them is Yemen, whose entry - I Am Nojoom, Age 10 and Divorced - marks the first time it has been in contention.
Afterimage - the final film of Polish director Andrzej Wajda, who died earlier this week at the age of 90 - is Poland's official entrant.
The UK is represented by Under the Shadow, a ghost film set in Tehran in which all the dialogue is Farsi.
The debut feature from British-Iranian director Babak Anvari was produced by London-based film company Wigwam.
Spain's Pedro Almodovar and Dutch director Paul Verhoeven are among the well-known directors to have their latest films submitted.
The latter's film Elle, a provocative drama starring Isabelle Huppert, is France's official entrant for next year's award.
Jonas Cuaron, son of Oscar-winning Gravity director Alfonso, is at the helm of Desierto, Mexico's official submission.
A longlist of nine films will be selected from the 85 submissions in December, out of which five will be shortlisted.
The UK have only been shortlisted on two occasions - 1993 and 1999. Both times were for films in Welsh.
The selected five will be announced on 24 January ahead of the awards ceremony on 26 February.
Last year's foreign film Oscar was won by the Hungarian Holocaust drama Son of Saul.
Follow us on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, on Instagram at bbcnewsents, or if you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A master player of the game Go has won his first match against a Google  computer program, after losing three in a row in a best-of-five competition.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Lee Se-dol, one of the world's top players, said his win against AlphaGo was "invaluable".
The Chinese board game is considered to be a much more complex challenge for a computer than chess, and AlphaGo's wins were seen as a landmark moment for artificial intelligence.
A fifth game will be played on Tuesday.
Go is a game of two players who take turns putting black or white stones on a 19-by-19 grid. Players win by taking control of the most territory on the board.
Commentator Michael Redmond said AlphaGo had been playing well up until the middle of the game, but at move 78, Mr Lee played brilliantly.
Speaking after his victory, Mr Lee said: "I've never been congratulated so much because I've won one game."
Google representatives said the defeat was "very valuable" for AlphaGo, as it identified a problem which they could now try to fix.
In the first game of the series, AlphaGo triumphed by a very narrow margin - Mr Lee had led for most of the match, but AlphaGo managed to build up a strong lead in its closing stages.
After losing the second match to Deep Mind, Lee Se-dol said he was "speechless" adding that the AlphaGo machine played a "nearly perfect game".
In the third game commentators said that Lee Se-dol had brought his "top game" but that AlphaGo had won "in great style".
The AlphaGo system was developed by British computer company DeepMind which was bought by Google in 2014.
It has built up its expertise by studying older games and teasing out patterns of play.
DeepMind chief executive Demis Hassabis said AlphaGo "played itself, different versions of itself, millions and millions of times and each time got incrementally slightly better".
"It learns from its mistakes," he told the BBC.
Go is thought to date back to several thousand years ago in China.
Using black-and-white stones on a grid, players gain the upper hand by surrounding their opponents pieces with their own.
The rules are simpler than those of chess, but a player typically has a choice of 200 moves, compared with about 20 in chess - there are more possible positions in Go than atoms in the universe, according to DeepMind's team.
It can be very difficult to determine who is winning, and many of the top human players rely on instinct.

Based in Zurich, the team will focus on three areas - machine learning, natural language understanding and computer perception.
Emmanuel Mogenet, who will head the unit, said much of the research would be on teaching machines common sense.
There was, he said, "no limit on how big I grow the team".
"We are very ambitious in terms of growth. The only limiting factor will be talent," he told journalists gathered in Zurich to hear more about Google's AI plans.
Machine learning is already the "secret sauce" in a lot of Google products, said Mr Mogenet, including search, spam filters, translation and content removal, as well as newer products such as its virtual helper Google Assistant, messaging app Allo and self-driving cars.
"We are on the brink of a brand new era of computing," Mr Mogenet told journalists.
One of the key focuses would be on teaching computers "common sense", he said.
"A four-year-old child learns about the world through their senses so they know that cows don't fly without being told this. Computers need to understand some obvious things about the world so we want to build a common-sense database."
Another key focus will be improving human/machine dialogue.
"Google has always been in the business of natural language because that is how people search but we have never really understood the question. We have just matched keywords with content and rank that content smartly," he said.
"The next stage is to truly understand what people are asking."
Finally, the researchers would delve beneath the bonnet to try to understand "how machines learn and why deep learning works so well", he said.
Google's high profile AI team DeepMind, based in London, has the broader ambition to "solve intelligence".
It caused controversy recently when it was revealed that it had been given access to the healthcare data of millions of patients as part of a partnership with the NHS to develop an alert system for kidney disease.
DeepMind research scientist Thore Graepel was at the Zurich event to give an update on its other high-profile project - a landmark battle between human and AI, in which its computer program AlphaGo took on the world's best Go player, winning four out of five of the games.
Dr Graepel said Go players around the world are now "keen to play AlphaGo".
"There is a great desire to make it available in some form," he said.
But first, the researchers have a rare opportunity to "debug an AI system".
"AlphaGo lost a game and we as researchers want to explore that and find out what went wrong. We need to figure out what its weaknesses are and try to improve it."
One of the machine's moves - number 37 in game two, has been hailed by both Go and computer experts as a key moment for the game and for the development of AI.
"The move came out of nowhere. It stunned Lee Se-dol. It was the result of two neural networks working together and could represent the first signs of computational intuition and creativity," said Dr Graepel.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A second outbreak of avian flu in two days has been found at Lancashire farms, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) said.

The H5N8 strain was confirmed in a small backyard flock of chickens and ducks near Thornton-Cleveleys.
It follows the culling of about 30 birds at a nearby farm on Thursday.
Defra said a 3km protection zone and 10km surveillance zone had been put in place around the premises to limit the risk of the disease spreading.
The Food Standards Agency said the disease was not a risk to food safety.
Public Health England said the risk to public health from the virus was very low.
A spokeswoman for Defra said the flock contained nine birds, a number of which had died while the remaining live birds will be humanely culled.
"A full investigation is under way to determine the source of the infection," she said.
In January, there were a number of other outbreaks of the virus, including at farms in Wyre in Lancashire, Lincolnshire, North Yorkshire and Carmarthenshire.

Four dogs were diagnosed with babesiosis in Harlow in Essex, who were all exercised on the same patch of land.
It has never been recorded before in the UK, according to the vet who treated the dogs.
All four survived but were "seriously ill" and two needed blood transfusions, vet Clive Swainsbury said.
He said Public Health England and the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) helped identify the disease after finding the ticks in an area just south of the town centre.
"We are doing everything we can but every tick will make up to 1000 eggs.
"It's not just Harlow that needs to be concerned, in time it will spread to the rest of the country," Mr Swainsbury, who works for Forest Veterinary Centre in Harlow, said.
What is Babesiosis?
It was compulsory for imported dogs to be treated for ticks before entering the UK and Ireland until 2011. When this requirement was dropped to comply with EU regulations, vets warned that outbreaks of exotic tick diseases were likely to follow.
The Animal and Plant Health Agency, which is an executive agency sponsored by Defra, confirmed the affected animals had not been abroad.
"These particular dogs have not travelled outside England raising the possibility they have become infected within the country.
"We are providing support to veterinary practices to identify the possible source of infection," a spokesman said.
Harlow Council has warned dog owners to avoid the land between Second Avenue and Third Avenue and Tendring Road.
The BBC has contacted Defra but it is yet to comment.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Candidates for the Democratic race for the White House have clashed on gun control and healthcare in their liveliest TV debate so far.

Hillary Clinton attacked Bernie Sanders' record on gun control, and said his healthcare plan risked derailing recent legislation.
Mr Sanders accused Mrs Clinton of being in the pocket of financial institutions responsible for the 2008 crisis.
While Mrs Clinton leads nationwide, Mr Sanders is a threat in key states.
Hours before the debate in South Carolina, Mr Sanders - a Vermont senator - had unveiled a healthcare plan for all American citizens.
This was the final Democratic debate before caucuses in Iowa on 1 February show who the state's voters prefer as their candidate.
Former Maryland Governor Martin O'Malley, who is trailing Mrs Clinton and Mr Sanders in polls, also took part in the lively debate in which personal attacks were few and far between.
Mr Sanders announced his universal healthcare plan two hours before the debate started.
Mrs Clinton said any moves to scrap the current Affordable Healthcare Act risked plunging the Democrats into "contentious debate". Instead, the party should work on improving the programme, known as Obamacare.
Mr Sanders responded: "Nobody is tearing this up." He said he wanted to build on Obamacare.
This was a spirited, substantive debate, much more heated than the last three Democratic debates but still more civil than anything we've seen on the Republican side.
Bernie Sanders was on the offensive, buoyed by his recent gains in the polls in Iowa and New Hampshire. Hillary Clinton still has a double-digit lead nationally and was declared the winner of the debate by the American media.
O'Malley was nowhere to be seen, but Clinton and Sanders worked hard to sharpen the differences between them, particularly on gun control and healthcare.
The Vermont senator is gaining momentum in the north but is struggling to connect with the African-American community and minorities.
Clinton v Sanders: Who came out on top?
Gun control was the first subject in the two-hour debate, that was held near a church in Charleston where nine parishioners were shot dead in June 2015.
Mrs Clinton released an advertisement this week attacking Mr Sanders for his attitude towards gun control. His home state, Vermont, has one of the highest rates of gun ownership in the US, with close to one in two households owning a weapon.
In the debate, she again highlighted legislation she said showed that Mr Sanders supported the gun lobby.
But Mr Sanders told the debate he had a "D minus voting record" from the National Rifle Association, and fully supported moves by President Obama for tougher background checks on gun buyers.
Mr O'Malley pointed out restrictions he passed against combat assault weapons in Maryland, adding: "I have never met a self-respecting deer hunter who needed an AR-15 [semi-automatic rifle] to down a deer."
Other subjects discussed included:
Polls indicate Mrs Clinton and Mr Sanders are neck-and-neck ahead of the caucus in Iowa, where voters will decide who they want as their preferred candidate. She had once commanded a large lead.
In New Hampshire, Mr Sanders holds a lead in polls ahead of voting in the primary there eight days later.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The frontrunner, a billionaire businessman with no political experience, refused to apologise over comments about the wife of Jeb Bush.
And the biggest applause went to Carly Fiorina, when she responded to a recent jibe by Mr Trump over her looks.
There are 15 Republicans hoping to be the party's White House nominee.
Read our live updates of the debate
Join in our debate on Facebook
Mr Bush and Mr Trump traded blows on a few issues, notably when the former Florida governor demanded the tycoon apologise to his wife for saying he was weak on immigration because she is Mexican. Mr Trump refused.
But the loudest audience response of the night came when Ms Fiorina was asked about an interview in which Trump was quoted as saying "Look at that face!" and said she could not be president.
She replied, to thunderous applause: "I think women all over this country heard very clearly what Mr Trump said."
Other highlights in the debate:
An undercard debate for the four other Republican candidates happened on the same stage earlier.
In a combative atmosphere, the four were split over the case of Ms Davis, who defied a Supreme Court ruling and refused to issue marriage licences to gay couples.
The Democratic Party will hold its first debate in Nevada in October, also hosted by CNN.
By next summer, each party will have a presidential nominee who will do battle in the race for the White House. Votes will finally be cast in November 2016.
Meet all of the 2016 hopefuls


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Like many, I am gripped by the concept of Bitcoin.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article For instance, <<['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'It\'s now a week since Indianapolis Colts linebacker D\'Qwell Jackson intercepted a pass by New England Patriots quarterback Tom Brady and tossed the ball over to his team on the sidelines. There, it seems, the matter of the balls\' pressures first came up and conversations were had.\nWhether the words "deflated", "deflation", "deflating" or any other variant came up in the course of that chat is open to debate.\nBut what almost certainly was not said in the driving rain of Foxboro Stadium was "deflate-gate".\nThat would come later.\nIn a nutshell, the NFL is investigating claims the Patriots may have deflated the match balls to give themselves an advantage in Sunday\'s 45-7 win over Indianapolis that sent them to the Super Bowl.\nAccording to reports, 11 of the 12 game balls they provided for the rain-affected match-up were under-inflated by about two pounds per square inch. If you deflate a ball in cold or wet conditions, it provides more grip for the quarterback, in this case Brady.\nIn a statement, the NFL said initial evidence thus far supports the conclusion that under-inflated footballs were used by the Patriots in the first half but were properly inflated for the second half.\nHowever, the Patriots have denied any wrongdoing.  immediately after the game, and again throughout the week.\nStrangely, no. Both teams supply their own balls for each game so Colts quarterback Andrew Luck used his own. Twelve balls are presented to the referee by both teams two hours and 15 minutes before the game. NFL rules on the types of ball to be used are painfully specific:\n"The Ball must be a "Wilson," hand selected, bearing the signature of the Commissioner of the League, Roger Goodell," the rule in question begins in a faintly ridiculous manner.\nIt continues: "The ball shall be made up of an inflated (12 1/2 to 13 1/2 pounds) urethane bladder enclosed in a pebble grained, leather case (natural tan color) without corrugations of any kind. It shall have the form of a prolate spheroid and the size and weight shall be: long axis, 11 to 11 1/4 inches; long circumference, 28 to 28 1/2 inches; short circumference, 21 to 21 1/4 inches; weight, 14 to 15 ounces.\n"The Referee shall be the sole judge as to whether all balls offered for play comply with these specifications."\nThe final line of that particular rule states that "a pump is to be furnished by the home club, and the balls shall remain under the supervision of the referee until they are delivered to the ball attendant just prior to the start of the game."\nThis certainly hints at a possible window of opportunity, but the league said on Friday that it could not yet determine whether the deflations were the result of "deliberate action" and certainly no one is pointing fingers at any \'ball attendants\'.\nOf course. The hashtag #deflategate has been used almost 350,000 times in the last week and has been one of the top trends on Twitter for several days.\nAnd if anyone likes to keep track of these things, massrelevance.com has identified the individual who sent the first #deflategate tweet as one Ryan Edwards from Aurora, Colorado.\nNewspaper headline writers have been having fun with this over in the US, while chat show hosts such as Conan O\'Brien, Jimmy Fallon and Jimmy Kimmel have predictably taken aim.\nMichelin Tyres couldn\'t let a good deflation gag pass them by, and for those of you who enjoyed seeing Bango, the mascot of the Milwaukee Bucks basketball team, moving and shaking with Thierry Henry at the O2 in London last week, then you really don\'t want to miss this brilliant vine of him, er, checking his balls.\nIt\'s a fair question. It\'s worth remembering that the Patriots scored 17 points in the first half when, according to the NFL, the balls were below their optimum pressure. Twenty-eight points were piled on by Brady and Co after interval, when the balls had been re-inflated.\nAnd a tweet by Colts tight end Dwayne Allen is also worth considering.\n"They could have played with soap for balls and beat us," he said. "Simply the better team."\nAfter denying any wrongdoing in the wake of the game a week ago, head coach Bill Belichick appeared once again on Saturday - to hold a \'science-based\' press conference to further deny anything untoward.\nThe Guardian reports "he was 35 minutes late. He spoke at length about ball textures, equilibriums, rubbing processes and atmospheric pressures. He name-checked Mona Lisa Vito, a character from the 1992 Joe Pesci comedy My Cousin Vinny."\nBelichick went on to explain how the Pats had conducted their own experiments on balls this week - detailing how they simulated the game day situation which has landed them in hot water.\nBut the physics teacher routine just gave Twitter more ammo, and then a Vine appeared where Bill was mercilessly ridiculed for "handling dozens of balls this week".\nUnfortunately the Pats have previous in this area. In 2007 they were embroiled in \'spygate\', when an assistant coach videotaped New York Jets defensive signals at a game so Brady would know what they were changing the play to.\nMedia playback is not supported on this device\nFines totalling $750,000 and the loss of a first-round draft pick was the punishment on that occasion. The expectation is for something similar this time if found guilty, with commentators universally ruling out any prospect of the team being stripped of their Super Bowl berth.\nHowever, as time wears on the spotlight is growing increasingly strong on Brady, whose performance in his news conference on Thursday failed to convince many observers.\nAn editorial on the ESPN website claimed "Tom Brady\'s tale doesn\'t hold weight", and called for him to be "benched" for the Super Bowl if found guilty.\nRight, let\'s wheel out Kevin Costner at this point.\nThe Oscar-winning actor stumbled out of left field and straight into the \'deflate-gate\' discussion on Friday when he decided to upbraid former Dallas Cowboys quarterback Troy Aikman for saying that it was "obvious that Tom Brady had something to do with this" in a radio interview.\n"It\'s bold talk. I like Troy a lot and I like Tom a lot. And it\'s bold when you say somebody is lying," Costner told HLN TV.\nThe gate suffix is an ironic nod to the major US political scandal which eventually toppled President Richard Nixon, after his administration were involved in a break-in at the Democratic National Committee headquarters at the Watergate office complex in Washington.\nThis week there were two \'gates\' when  Twirlgate hit the news after Eugenie Bouchard defeated Kiki Bertens in the second round of this year\'s Australian Open. Asked during her on-court interview to "give us a twirl", Bouchard reluctantly agreed, but the request was considered sexist and attracted a wave of social media outrage.\nOther sporting \'gates\' include:\nPizzagate: As players and officials from both sides clashed in the tunnel at Old Trafford after Manchester United\'s tempestuous 2-0 victory over Arsenal on 24 October 2004, United manager Sir Alex Ferguson was struck by a slice of pizza thrown by an Arsenal player, later alleged to be Cesc Fabregas.\nBloodgate: The events surrounding a faked injury to Tom Williams of rugby union side Harlequins in a Heineken Cup quarter-final against eventual champions Leinster in April 2009. Fake blood duped the referee into allowing Quins to send on a blood replacement, at the instigation of Quins coach Dean Richards. It was later admitted that Williams\' mouth had been cut open immediately after the match in an attempt to cover up the fake injury. Richards was ultimately banned from rugby for three years.\nHomeworkgate In 2013 during a tour of India, the Australia cricket team\'s South African coach Mickey Arthur instructed his players to write a presentation on how to improve the team following defeats in the opening two Tests. Vice-captain Shane Watson, Mitchell Johnson, James Pattinson and Usman Khawaja failed to do so and were all dropped for the next match. Watson left the tour, although returned later, while Arthur was sacked three months later.\nBladegate: In January 1994, top American ice skater Nancy Kerrigan was assaulted at the US National Championships in Detroit, her right knee clubbed with a metal baton after a practice session. Then it sensationally emerged the assault was a conspiracy hatched by Jeff Gillooly, the former husband of Kerrigan\'s ice dance rival Tonya Harding.']>>  to "['', "What started out as just another interception in just another NFL Championship game has grown - inflated if you will - into the week's biggest sporting scandal, commanding healthy column inches and withering ridicule."]"

I am not talking about the value of the individual bits of the new virtual currency, which has had a somewhat volatile history and is currently spiralling down.
What excites is the development, by Bitcoin enthusiasts, known as miners, of a super-efficient money transmission network on the internet, that bypasses the official banking and money transmission systems - or at least it is a hermetically sealed monetary world until holders of the virtual currency want to buy a hamburger or motor car and endeavour to convert their Bitcoins into dollars, pounds or other forms of legal tender.
However, Bitcoin probably represents the first seriously existential threat to conventional banks, burdened with their massive running costs, in living memory.
In theory, at least, Bitcoin is their Amazon.
Bitcoin also poses something of an issue for central banks like the Bank of England or US Federal Reserve, which appear to have no ability to influence the value of Bitcoins. So Bitcoin represents a challenge to their duties of monetary stewardship.
And it is not at all clear whether the writ of financial regulators runs to the Bitcoin world.
So depending on your point of view, Bitcoin is either a wonderfully liberating new financial system, freed of the costs and poisonous history of the old banking and monetary world, or it is the dangerous and wacky Wild West, where law-abiding folk should fear to tread.
Which is it? Well we may be about to find out, following the disappearance from the internet of MtGox, one of the biggest Bitcoin exchanges - amidst rumours of all sorts of shenanigans and allegations that vast quantities of the currency have gone walkies.
The point is that Bitcoin's strength - that it has grown in an organic, slightly anarchic and devolved way, with no central oversight or control - is also its weakness.
There is no central authority to step in and give any kind of guidance to Mt Gox customers whether their money is safe or gone. And there's no compensation safety net.
Bitcoin has been set up on the basis of pure caveat emptor. If its participants take any losses in their stride, and learn the lessons, it can go from strength to strength.
If they are unable to develop any kind of governance system that provides confidence that Bitcoins are where they are supposed to be, then it will disintegrate into fringe territory for loons and wild-eyed monetary anarchists.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Example:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The former National Security Agency contractor filed the lawsuit in April, attempting to secure safe passage to Norway to pick up a free speech award.\nIt had already been rejected by Oslo District court and an appeals court.\nMr Snowden is a former NSA analyst who leaked secret US surveillance details three years ago.\nAs a result, he is facing charges in the US which could put him in prison for up to 30 years.\nMr Snowden\'s lawyers have previously said if he were extradited to the US, it would be "a foregone conclusion" that he would be convicted and jailed.\nMr Snowden has been living in Russia, out of reach of the US authorities, since the leaks in 2013.\nHe had hoped to travel to Oslo to receive the Ossietzky Prize, for "outstanding efforts for freedom of expression".\nThe award was due to be presented earlier this month.\nBut the Norwegian Supreme Court said it could not rule on the legality of any move to extradite Mr Snowden as the US had so far made no such request.']" Match: "['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', "Edward Snowden's bid to guarantee that he would not be extradited to the US if he visited Norway has been rejected by the Norwegian supreme court."]"

Not sure what we're on about? Australia has run through a slew of prime ministers in recent years and is holding a federal election on 2 July. You can read more about Australia's revolving-door of political leadership on these links, but for now, let us journey to Australis Minor.
Are Australians ready to gamble on yet another PM?  |  Coup capital of the democratic world
Laurent Sanguinetti is a French-Australian illustrator who bases himself between Sydney and Paris. You can see more of his work at his website.


Question: A pathologist has told a murder trial that former Mr Scotland bodybuilding champion Michael O'Hanlon died from massive blood loss.

Dr Julie McAdam was giving was giving evidence at the trial of Steven Kirkwood at the High Court in Glasgow.
Mr Kirkwood is accused murdering Mr O'Hanlon, 45, at HK Autotek, Stevenston, Ayrshire, on 25 July.
He denies the charge and attempting to defeat the ends of justice by disposing of a knife.
The 44 year old has also lodged a special defence of self-defence.
The jury was told that Mr O'Hanlon was 6ft and weighed 17st 3lbs.
Dr McAdam said: "He had a bodybuilder's physique."
She told prosecutor Richard Goddard that the fatal wound to Mr O'Hanlon's abdomen cut two major blood vessels to the legs.
She said the injuries could have been caused by one knife, but she could not rule that more than one knife had been used.
Police casualty surgeon Dr Gary Walker told the jury that Mr Kirkwood had a number of bruises and scratches on him when he examined him on 25 July.
Mr Goddard said: "These are non-specific and general injuries with no medical intervention required," and Dr Walker said: "Yes."
The GP confirmed that there were no injuries to the palms of his hands.
The court was told that Mr Kirkwood claims that Mr O'Hanlon struck him with a pick axe handle during a struggle.
Mr Fairlie told the court: "Our findings do not assist in addressing whether Michael O'Hanlon struck Steven Kirkland with the pick axe handle, or not."
The court had earlier heard that Mr Kirkwood and Mr O'Hanlon had exchanged abusive texts in the days prior to his death.
Mr O'Hanlon and his friend Forbes Cowan had gone to the garage to meet Mr Kirkwood.
Earlier, witnesses told of a struggle between Mr O'Hanlon and Mr Kirkwood.
The trial before judge Lady Rae continues.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary For example, '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Clock towers, theatres and seaside cottages are among the venues for this year\'s Spring Fling weekend.\nThe open studio event is being held for the 15th time from 27 to 29 May at sites across Dumfries and Galloway.\nNearly 100 painters photographers, jewellers, ceramicists, print-makers, wood workers, sculptors, textile designers are exhibiting.\nJoanna Macaulay, events and exhibitions manager for Upland Arts Development, which runs Spring Fling, said: "The magic of Spring Fling is the way it combines lovely visual arts and craft, remarkable people and wonderful places that visitors often don\'t have the chance to see.\n"This year is our 15th anniversary event, so we are particularly looking forward to welcoming visitors to Dumfries and Galloway to enjoy everything it has to offer."']' should be close to '['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story\n\nThe query could be \'Israel\'s defence ministry says it has successfully tested an advanced ballistic missile defence system.\' and should be close to \'An Arrow-3 missile hit a target above the Earth\'s atmosphere that simulated the trajectory of long-range missiles like the Iranian Shahab-3.\nFurther tests are expected before the system, which is being developed together with the US, can be deployed.\nIt is the latest layer in Israel\'s system of shields, designed to protect it from external threats.\nThe Lebanese militant group Hezbollah, which fought a war with Israel in 2006, is reported to have more than 100,000 missiles and rockets which can reach anywhere in Israel.\nIran, which calls for Israel\'s eradication, also has missiles which can reach Israel and beyond.\nThe Israeli defence ministry hailed Thursday\'s test as a "major milestone".\nA similar test a year ago failed because the system was not able to lock on to the target.\nIsrael\'s missile shield also includes the already-deployed "Iron Dome" system that targets short-range rockets fired by Palestinian militants in the Gaza Strip, and the mid-range "David\'s Sling" that is close to being operational and will target missiles supplied to Hezbollah by Iran.\' but very far from \'The defences, which have the capability to shoot down missiles inside and outside the Earth\'s atmosphere, will be ready within weeks, the Pentagon says.\nAlong with the US, North Korea\'s neighbours Japan and South Korea also have missile defences in the area.\nBy Jonathan MarcusBBC Diplomatic Correspondent\nThe North Korean threat is driving significant interest in missile defences especially in countries like South Korea and Japan. Such defences rest upon both sea and land-based elements - like Aegis-equipped warships with radars and interceptors capable of tackling ballistic missiles as well as the ground-based radars and missile systems like Patriot and Thaad.\nWhile primarily directed against a potential North Korean threat, it is clearly hoped in Washington that over time, the build-up of missile defences in the region may encourage China to bring pressure to bear upon Pyongyang. While missile defences are for now not directed against China, it is clear that their spread could potentially have an impact upon Beijing\'s own strategic deterrent.\nWhat missile defence systems are in the region and how do they work?\nThe Aegis system allows warships to shoot down enemy ballistic missiles while they are still in space.\nThe interceptor missiles are fired to hit missiles before they re-enter the atmosphere, stopping them well before there is any danger of causing any damage.\nThe US Navy, South Korea and the Japanese Maritime Self-Defense Force all have destroyers in the region with Aegis capability.\nThe Terminal High Altitude Area Defense system, or Thaad, is being developed as a rapidly-deployable system capable of defending against short and medium-range ballistic missiles during the late-mid-course and terminal phases of their flight.\nThe system - being deployed by the US to the Pacific island of Guam - can destroy enemy missiles at ranges of 200km and at altitudes up to 150km and is used to protect high-value strategic or tactical sites such as airfields or populations centres.\nThaad has been much delayed in development and the Guam deployment will be its first real mission. The first two of nine planned batteries were only scheduled to be delivered to the US Army in 2012.\n1. The enemy launches a missile\n2. The Thaad radar system detects the launch, which is relayed to command and control\n3. Thaad command and control instructs the launch of an interceptor missile\n4. The interceptor missile is fired at the enemy projectile\n5. The enemy projectile is destroyed in the terminal phase of flight\nThe launcher trucks can hold up to eight interceptor missiles.\nThe Patriot is an advanced surface-to-air missile system intended to defend against aircraft, cruise and ballistic missiles.\nIt is the third layer in the defence shield and is used to stop weapons at close range.\nThe key elements are radar, the control centre and the launchers mounted on trucks. Each launcher holds four missiles - or 16 in the latest "Pac-3" version.\nSouth Korea and Japan both have Patriot systems.\nFull Patriot fact file.\'', '.']'

Mark Jones, 45, of Cwmbran, Torfaen, has pleaded not guilty to murder at his trial at Newport Crown Court.
Continuing to give evidence in his defence, he said he checked for injuries "once or twice".
The court has heard Amelia died after suffering a "catastrophic" bleed to the brain and a fractured skull.


Question: Represent the natural language

Question: A team of 110 athletes will be representing the United Kingdom at the Invictus Games, which take place in Orlando, Florida from 8-12 May.

The team is made up of wounded, injured and sick serving military personnel and veterans, and the event, the brainchild of Prince Harry, will feature 500 competitors from 14 nations competing in 10 sports.
The selection process for the UK team was based on the benefit the Games will give an individual as part of their recovery, combined with performance and commitment to training.
The inaugural Invictus Games, held in London in September 2014, saw more than 400 competitors from 13 nations compete in nine sports and caught the nation's attention.
This time, competitors will take part in athletics, archery, wheelchair basketball, road cycling, powerlifting, indoor rowing, wheelchair rugby, swimming, sitting volleyball and wheelchair tennis.
While many of those competing will have had physical injuries, others will also have to deal with the mental scars and issues such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression.
Get Inspired speaks to four of those selected for the UK team who will be hoping this year's Invictus Games helps to continue to transform their lives.
Events: Swimming, cycling, 100m sprint, shot put, discus, archery
Background: Caroline joined the Army in 1997 and served tours across the world as part of the Royal Logistic Corps and later in the Adjutant General's Corps, 1 Logistic Support Regiment.
She has anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder as well as having a physical injury to her lower left leg and foot, causing loss of feeling and reduced mobility.
Key message: Start small
In her own words: "It has been immensely important to me to get involved in sport. I became a bit of hermit when I left the army and I needed to build a bit of a social circle. By getting involved with the Sports Recovery Programme I've learned that my life didn't come to an end because I got an injury and because of my PTSD. I've learned new ways of doing sport, lost tons of weight through it.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"When I started in January 2015 I couldn't even ride a bike and now I ride a lot. I've done three triathlons - one an ultra last year - and it is become a big part of my life. It gets all of the good endorphins working so you feel better about yourself and meet new people which is fantastic.
"My best bit of advice to people who want to get back into exercise is start small.
"You don't have to go and do a triathlon like I did. Just go out for a walk; find the one person who will go out and do a mile with you.
"Go out for 10 minutes and take it slowly but get out there. Go out and have a walk to a coffee shop and have cake at the end.
"The only person who can change things is you, but with support. By getting those good endorphins you will start feeling better over time."
Events: Wheelchair basketball, wheelchair rugby
Background: Michael, from Sunderland, was medically discharged from service in 2014 after 15 years with the Royal Artillery as a bombardier.
He has lumbar spine disease, a degenerative spinal condition, which causes chronic pain and limited mobility, and also has arthritis in the lower lumbar which adds to his pain and mobility issues.
Through getting back involved in sport, including with the Newcastle Eagles wheelchair basketball team, he has lost almost eight stone.
Key message: Give it a try
In his own words: "Sport was important to me when I was growing up and, because of my injury, I thought it had been taken from me for good.
"When I first got sent home on sick leave I spent most of my time locked in my bedroom in my parents' house. That was when the depression started and it wasn't very good.
"I did a few different things to try to get out of that state of mind and it led to sport, which has helped massively. The camaraderie you have with your friends is probably the main thing you miss when you leave the army.
"Getting back into sport has given me back something I thought I had lost and has helped with my confidence and my anger issues. It calms me down and helps with my depression and the issues that otherwise might be bottled up or taken out in the wrong way.
"I would encourage anyone to give it a try - there isn't much you can't do if you put your mind to it. I am more active now than for a long time. I still have to cope with the pain of the injury but my wife and kids help enormously and it is great to have that sort of support."
Events: Shot put, discus, rowing, archery and powerlifting
Background: 'Scotty' served for 10 years in the army in Bosnia and Northern Ireland but, 18 years after leaving, he was diagnosed with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder.
He took part in the Warrior Games in June 2015 in America.
Key message: It's OK to ask for help when it comes to mental health issues
In his own words: "Sport is a massive tool for recovery and gives me that goal, that mission and that purpose and it has played a crucial role for me having suffered with a mental illness for over 20 years.
"After leaving the services and no longer representing your country, this is a great chance to stand here with my country's flag on my chest to represent the country with the men and women I used to serve with.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"I got into sport through Help for Heroes after suffering with a mental illness for over 20 years. Using sport as that recovery mechanism to get me out of the house every day gives me that goal, that mission and purpose and it has played a key role in my recovery.
"If I could reach out to anyone back home, especially someone suffering from a mental illness, I would say you can do it - I am testament to that. It took me a long time to ask for help but I'm so glad I did. There is nothing to be ashamed of. I was inspired seeing guys taking part in sport and hopefully I can inspire others.
"Without watching the Invictus Games I wouldn't be here - Invictus is powerful."
Events: Swimming, 100m walk
Background: Susan sustained multiple fractures in an accident during service in 2009 while she was serving as a Royal Navy Senior Nursing Officer. She was in plaster over much of her body for some time and gradually moved from a wheelchair to crutches and has been working hard to build muscle strength and fitness.
At last year's Warrior Games she showed her determination and defied her lack of mobility by walking the 100m 'dash' on the track to claim a silver medal.
Key message: Sport matters to the over-55s as well
In her own words: "When I was in the armed forces, sport wasn't something I was particularly passionate about. I chose to be more involved with dance, especially classical ballet, and I found that a great help, but it is really only since my injury that I've turned my attention to sport and it has been my lifeline.
"It helps to get the muscles back into some kind of conditioning and also get moving again but emotionally it helps you to pick you up and get you back to feeling free and ready to face a future.
"For women of my age, in particular, it is really important to be active. I know it is hard but getting back into sport, or maybe doing it for the first time, is a great opportunity, not just to get active but to meet people, develop friendships and improve your lifestyle.
"Being involved in the Invictus Games has been a great honour. It is something I never thought I would do and shows that out of tragedy, good things can come.
"It is about new beginnings and I feel privileged and honoured to be surrounded by so many athletes and young people who are using what they have now to find purpose, meaning and destiny and hope for the future."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Media playback is not supported on this device
Pick had his right leg amputated below the knee after being injured in an explosion while serving in the Army while Moore lost the use of his arm after a motorcycle accident.
Para-snowboard made its debut at the Sochi Winter Paralympics in 2014 and more categories have been added for the PyeongChang Games in 2018.
The X Games will take place in Colorado between 28-31 January.
Click here for more coverage of winter sports


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: All babies born from Tuesday across the UK will have an anti-hepatitis B injection added to the other routine vaccinations they are given in their early life.

The jab protects against viral infections that cause cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Babies are already vaccinated against diphtheria, tetanus, whooping cough, Hib and polio.
Public Health England said the new vaccine had been "shown to be safe".
Babies are currently given vaccinations when they are eight, 12 and 16 weeks old and the new injection will be given at the same time as the others.
Previously, the hepatitis B vaccine was available on the NHS as a separate jab and was only administered to infants considered at risk, such as those born to infected mothers.
While hepatitis B rates in the UK are generally very low, in some inner city areas up to 1% of antenatal women are infected.
The infection has no symptoms so many of these women will be unaware they are ill, while their babies are considered at high risk.
Mary Ramsay, head of immunisation at Public Health England, said: "The Hexavalent vaccine has been extensively tested and shown to be safe and is widely used internationally with millions of doses being given around the world."
The six-in-one vaccine does not have any live organisms, meaning there is no risk of infants contracting any of the diseases.

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The issue was thrust into the news when the mother of two-year-old Faye Burdett, who died from the B-strain of the infection, shared a photograph of her.
Former England rugby player Matt Dawson has also revealed his child suffered from the C-strain of the illness. His toddler son Sami is now recovering well. A vaccine for meningitis C is available free for all children as part of the NHS childhood vaccination programme.
At the moment though, the vaccine - called Bexsero - for meningitis B is only available free for babies born on or after 1 May 2015. The reason behind this is that babies and children under five are the most at risk, with a peak age of five months.
However, if the carers of children who are too old to qualify for the vaccine free on the NHS want them to have the inoculation, they can buy it privately.
Or can they?
The supplier of the vaccine, GlaxoSmithKline, has released a statement to say: "Due to unexpected global demand for Bexsero during 2015, we are experiencing supply constraints during the first half of this year.
"Although vaccination through the NHS childhood programme has been prioritised and is unaffected, we have unfortunately had to ask private clinics temporarily to not start new courses of vaccination.
"Children who have already started their course of the vaccine privately should still be able to receive their follow-up doses.
"We know the unexpectedly high demand for the vaccine reflects the importance parents have placed on protecting their children from meningitis B, so we are working hard to increase supply, and expect to have increased stock by summer 2016."
Clinics across the country are telling worried parents they can join a waiting list for the vaccine. Boots UK, one of the leading pharmacies in the country, announced in November it was introducing a private meningitis B vaccination service for children aged two and older.
But now it has said the service is unavailable for new patients, due to a shortage in the market. CityDoc, the largest supplier of the vaccine outside of the NHS, said it was unable to offer it to new patients.
Babies who qualify for the free NHS vaccination are unaffected by the shortage.
Stocks are expected to return to normal levels by July, GlaxoSmithKline said.
Bexsero protects against infection by meningococcal group B bacteria, which are responsible for more than 90% of meningococcal infections in young children.
The Meningitis Research Foundation (MRF) said "GPs and travel clinics throughout the UK and Ireland have been informed that the vaccine is available.
"You should start by asking your own GP for the vaccine, as if they can provide it, this is likely to be the least costly option.
"GPs may not be able to offer the vaccine to their own patients, but they may be able to arrange it via another surgery on private prescription.
"You can also get the vaccine from a travel vaccination clinic in your area, or a private GP practice."
Â£75
Estimated cost of vaccination jab
3  Vaccination jabs required for protection
4 million Children in the at risk 0 to 4 age bracket
1 in 20,000 Incidence rate of meningitis B in children aged one to four
As a guideline, the NHS list price of the vaccine is Â£75 a dose, excluding VAT, although GPs or clinics can set their own charges for administration, meaning prices in excess of Â£150 a dose are not unusual.
More than one dose of the vaccine is needed for sufficient protection - the total number depends on the age of the person being vaccinated, but for some families it can be prohibitively expensive.
"I've got three kids and I want them all to have the jabs," said Jane Hunter, from Carlisle.
"I'd never put money before my kids' health, so I'll find the way somehow. Credit card maybe.
"Looking at that poor little girl who died it's worth it."
Sue Davie, chief executive of Meningitis Now, said: "Although the introduction of the Men B vaccine on the childhood immunisation scheme for young babies was a momentous achievement, saving thousands of lives, there are still so many, like Faye, left unprotected.
"We continue to campaign to see the Men B vaccine rolled out, particularly to at-risk groups, to ensure a future where no-one in the UK loses their life to meningitis."
A Department of Health spokesman said: "When any new immunisation programme is introduced, there has to be a date to determine eligibility. A decision is based on the best independent clinical recommendation to ensure we can protect those children most at risk of Men B.
"When our nationwide Men B vaccination programme was introduced last year, England became the first country to protect our babies from this devastating disease."


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Question: The background of "Jihadi John" - in an Arab family from west London - links him to a distinct cluster of British militants, writes Shiraz Maher, a senior fellow at the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation at King's College London.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

The identity of Syria's best-known jihadist is finally out: Mohammed Emwazi, better known as "Jihadi John", has been revealed as a former West London resident.
He is middle class and well educated, which chimes with a lot of our research. Radicalisation is not principally driven by poverty or social deprivation.
Indeed, the overwhelming majority of British individuals who go to Syria are from high-achieving backgrounds.
The most interesting revelation about Emwazi is that he travelled to Syria in 2013 when the conflict looked very different to the way it does today.
At that time the majority of British fighters did not join Islamic State (IS). Instead, they joined lesser known groups which were more focused on fighting President Bashar al-Assad.
Around this time it is known that a group of fighters of Arab and North African origin travelled to Syria from West London. Many of them were connected to gangs and engaged in criminality.
This is a distinct cluster given that the majority of fighters from Britain are typically of South Asian ethnic origin.
Over time, IS has absorbed a number of different groups and fighters who are keen to join its success.
It is likely that Emwazi travelled along a similar trajectory, as so many other European fighters have done. He has clearly actively sought to reduce his digital footprint on social media.
This is not that surprising. It is exactly what would be expected of someone who has been a major asset to IS. Emwazi is confident, eloquent and self-assured.
He is the ideal frontman to deliver the IS message in the dramatic videos for which it has become known.
Fighters in Syria often try to hide their identity by wearing masks and adopting pseudonyms.
The fact that Emwazi's identity has been revealed demonstrates that, despite the precautions taken by them, their names will eventually leak out. Emwazi is not the first foreign fighter to have been outed - and he will not be the last.
This will not affect how IS operates but it may well deliver a psychological blow because of the lengths they have gone to in order to shield him from the limelight.

Osama Bin Laden and his most senior lieutenants had been killed, and the peaceful uprisings of the Arab Spring seemed to be ushering in a new era of freedom and democracy in which al-Qaeda and its jihadist terrorism looked outdated - if not anachronistic.
Journalists, academics, and even senior policymakers were ready to move on. Talk about the "strategic defeat", "decline", and "fall" of al-Qaeda was common.
By the end of 2014, it is no longer al-Qaeda or jihadism that look outdated but the predictions of their imminent demise.
Far from nearing defeat, jihadist groups everywhere have regrouped and taken advantage of new conflicts and instability - often in the very countries that saw popular uprisings during 2011.
The most spectacular newcomer is Islamic State, a group that has declared the creation of a caliphate, holds territory from the Syrian city of Aleppo to the outskirts of the Iraqi capital, Baghdad, and has rivalled - if not replaced - al-Qaeda as the leader of global jihadism.
Over the past three months, I helped the BBC produce a global snapshot of this phenomenon. Our aim was to record all the reported deaths that were caused by jihadist violence during the month of November.
This task was made possible by combining the vast intellectual, journalistic and professional resources of the BBC World Service, BBC Monitoring, and the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation (ICSR) at King's College London.
The findings are both important and disturbing.
In the course of November, jihadists carried out 664 attacks, killing 5,042 people - many more than, for instance, the number of people who lost their lives in the 9/11 attacks.
While comparisons to earlier periods are difficult, the overall picture is that of an increasingly ambitious, complex, sophisticated and far-reaching movement:
The project tells the story of a movement in the middle of a profound transformation - one whose final outcome is impossible to predict.
Our immediate focus, however, was the terrible human cost: with, on average, more than 20 attacks and nearly 170 deaths per day, jihadist groups destroy countless lives - most of them Muslim - in the name of an ideology that the vast majority of Muslims reject.
If anything, this highlights the movement's scale and ambition, but also the long-term political, social, ideological, and military commitment that will be needed to counter it.
Peter R Neumann is Professor of Security Studies at King's College London and directs the International Centre for the Study of Radicalisation and Political Violence (ICSR). He served as the BBC's principal academic adviser for the Jihad: Counting the Cost project.


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Question: Australian keeper Alex Cisak has joined League Two strugglers York on a month's loan from Premier League Burnley.

The 25-year-old joined the Clarets from Oldham in the summer of 2013, but has made just two appearances since then.
He has played 87 professional matches in total, having also had spells with Leicester, Oxford and Accrington.
Cisak becomes the first York signing since manager Russ Wilcox was appointed as Nigel Worthington's successor at Bootham Crescent two weeks ago.

The 31-year-old moves to the Latics after making six appearances at the U's so far this season.
Ibehre began his career at Leyton Orient and has had spells at Walsall, MK Dons, Southend and Stockport.
Meanwhile, striker Conor Wilkinson will return to Bolton after the League One game against Walsall on Saturday, when his one-month loan spell ends.


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Question: Barry Hawkins said the key to beating Ronnie O'Sullivan for just the second time in his career was trying to forget who he was playing.

The world number 11 won a gripping World Championship second-round tie in a deciding frame to reach the last eight for the fourth successive year.
Hawkins was trounced 10-1 by O'Sullivan in the Masters final in January.
"I prepared myself better. In the Masters I let the occasion get to me," said the 36-year-old.
"I played him more than I played the balls. I just crumbled in the end.
"I had a different mindset. I felt a little bit more confident for some reason. I thought I put him under a bit of pressure. If he gets in front of you he can steamroll you. I am absolutely delighted."
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The London-born, Kent-based left hander, who faces Marco Fu in the quarter-finals, had not beaten five-time world champion O'Sullivan in 14 years.
His only previous win in 11 meetings came in their first match in 2002 and Hawkins said he could get "bashed up" by O'Sullivan if he did not play his best snooker.
The 2013 runner-up allayed those fears by taking a two-frame advantage into the final session in a high-quality encounter.
He edged over the line in the final frame and described his 13-12 victory as "one of the best" of his career.
"It's so tough playing Ronnie; he is so intimidating," Hawkins added. "Not many people can beat him over three sessions at this place. It doesn't happen that often.
"To do it when I thought he was playing well is a massive confidence boost and it proves I can compete against anyone."
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The 33-year-old world champion made three century breaks and six further half-centuries to win 10-7 and claim the title for the second time in York.
But his gritty style of play has often been questioned by viewers and pundits, who claim he is too slow and boring.
"With the criticism I get, it inspires me even more," he told BBC Sport.
"It makes me want to try harder."
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Selby became only the sixth player to win both the World and UK titles in the same year, and only the sixth player to twice complete the Triple Crown - which also includes the Masters.
The Leicester man has now won 10 ranking titles, taking him into joint-eighth position alongside Jimmy White.
Having gone 6-2 ahead in the first session, which included two frames lasting over half an hour, he responded to O'Sullivan's onslaught in the evening session by reeling off back-to-back centuries to triumph.
"I understand not everyone out there is going to play as naturally as Ronnie, he is a one-off," said Selby.
"You see people who are naturally talented and others have to work hard. I hold my hands up to know I have to work at it but I would rather it be that way."
Asked if his victory was sweet as it came against O'Sullivan, Selby replied: "To beat Ronnie is great. In my eyes, if he plays in every tournament then he is still the best player and the one to beat. To play him in a major final and to win is a great feeling."
O'Sullivan admitted after his final-frame win over Marco Fu in the semi-finals that he would be the underdog against Selby.
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'The Rocket' has now been beaten by Selby in the finals of all three Triple Crown events, and called him 'The Torturer' in his autobiography in reference to his style of play.
O'Sullivan, 41 on Monday, said: "It seems like when someone plays me it is a cup final for them, like Stephen Hendry in his day. Whoever he played, it was a big match.
"As long as I continue to play, whoever I play, it will be big. People like playing someone who has won so many tournaments. It is like Rafael Nadal, Roger Federer and Novak Djokovic in tennis. They stand out from everyone else."
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Question: More than half of kids don't eat a single portion of vegetables a day, according to Newsround's food survey.

The government recommends that everyone should have at least five portions of fruit and veg a day.
But the survey shows 52 in every 100 kids don't have any veg, and 44 in 100 have no fruit on a daily basis.
What we're eating is a big issue at the moment because one in three kids in the UK is obese or overweight.
That figure has trebled in the last 25 years.
The survey was of 1,432 boys and girls, aged 7 to 12, across England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. It also showed that lots of kids are trying to make positive changes to their diet.
It suggested that eight in 10 children have made changes like drinking more water and eating more fruit and vegetables in the last years.
All this week Newsround will be looking at what different types of food do to your body and how to eat a healthy diet.
We've also called in food expert Dr Radha Modgil to explain why certain things are good and bad for you.
Dr Radha says: "It's important for kids to have a balanced diet. No one is saying that you can't have sweets or chocolate every now and again but if you're having those things every day it is going to affect your body."
"The body needs all kinds of things when you're growing up and it's so important for kids not to overload on sugary, fatty snacks."
Get ideas for some simple, healthy and delicious things to cook for yourself, your family and your mates with BBC Dish Up.
Go to the BBC Dish Up website

24 March 2015 Last updated at 06:44 GMT
And our food expert Doctor Radha Modgil has been explaining the best ways to eat well.
She told Newsround: "It's really important to have a range of foods that give your body all that it needs.
"It's important to keep things in moderation and balance."
Dr Radha will be visiting Newsround on Friday to answer your questions.
You can send us your questions for food expert Dr Radha.


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Question: Hundreds of thousands of people in Lancashire should no longer need to boil their tap water to make it safe within the coming week, United Utilities has said.

More than 200,000 homes are still affected after the discovery of a parasite at a treatment works left residents boiling water since 6 August.
Tap water in 80,000 homes was declared safe to drink on Thursday.
Parts of Blackpool, Chorley and Preston have been given the all-clear.
Gary Dixon, customer services director for United Utilities, said: "We hope to get the warning lifted for the rest of our customers by the end of the coming week."
If people have been using their water supply regularly there was no need to flush their system, he added.
Water was treated with ultraviolet light to kill the microbial parasite cryptosporidium, and United Utilities said it had assessed hundreds of test results after discussions with Public Health England.
The water company has faced criticism about the length of time it has taken to lift the restrictions.
It has promised automatic compensation for those affected, although it has not said how much.
Public Health England said there had been no confirmed cases of sickness linked to the water supply.
Former Director of Public Health in the North West, Prof John Ashton, told BBC Radio Lancashire: "When this started, United Utilities said it would be all sorted within a few days.
"One of the concerns that I have is that the duty to the shareholders is of more concern to them than the duty to the public, so there are questions to be asked about how they've handled this incident.
"We need a proper picture of where the problems are and we have a right to know.
"It's a fundamental public health necessity to have safe drinking water in your house."
A statement on the United Utilities website said: "We are now able to lift the boil water advice in [several] postcode areas.
"For those still subject to the boil water advice, please continue to boil your water for drinking, brushing teeth and food preparation until we let you know you can stop."
It also advised people to check for their postcode on the website or ring the company helpline on 0800 9127241.

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More than 300,000 homes have been affected in the county after a parasite was discovered at a treatment works.
United Utilities said payments would range from £50 to £60 depending on when the advice to boil water was lifted. The move will cost them more than £15m.
Conservative MP for Fylde Mark Menzies said the size of the payment was a "disgrace" and "woefully inadequate".
"I think the figure of £50 or £60... in no way reflects the inconvenience people have been put through over the last month without drinking water," he added.
"I am disappointed because when I met with United Utilities last week they said they were consulting on how much they should be giving consumers and were unable to even speculate on the figure."
Mr Menzies said for a company that made "almost £700m in profit last year, to offer this paltry sum is a disgrace."
United Utilities said that while it was offering the same payment to business customers, they would deal with claims for additional expenses on a case-by-case basis.
Paul Maynard, Conservative MP for Blackpool North and Cleveleys, warned United Utilities: "I would be very disappointed if [customers] receive a cheque for this amount only for their bills to go up by the same amount next year."
And he urged anyone who believes their compensation to be inadequate to contact him or the Consumer Council for Water.
Gary Dixon, customer services director for United Utilities, said the level of compensation had been set following discussions with the Consumer Council for Water.
"We recognise that our customers have been significantly inconvenienced over the last few weeks and they rightly deserve to be compensated.
"The payment reflects that inconvenience and takes into account the additional cost for boiling the water and a refund for water services over the period.
"We are grateful for our customers' co-operation and patience over the last few weeks."
United Utilities said residents and businesses would start to receive cheques in the post from Friday, but said some would not receive them until the end of the month.
Warnings to boil water were issued after the microbial parasite cryptosporidium was found at Franklaw water treatment works near Preston on 6 August.
Restrictions have been lifted in some areas, with more than two-thirds of homes back to normal.
Water has been treated with ultraviolet (UV) light to kill the parasite, which can cause diarrhoea and cramps.
The water firm said it hoped to lift restrictions for most of its remaining customers by the end of the week.
Customers can check which areas have had restrictions lifted by visiting the United Utilities website or calling 0800 912 7241.


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Question: One of the women accused of murdering toddler Liam Fee accepted she made a "terrible, terrible mistake" by neglecting him, her lawyer told a jury.

Mark Stewart QC said Nyomi Fee accepted she made mistakes in her treatment of Liam but that did not make her guilty of murder and said there was no evidence she ever injured the child.
He said another child had been assaulting Liam before he died.
Nyomi and Rachel Fee deny murdering the toddler in March 2014 near Glenrothes.
They also face charges they neglected the two-year-old and abused two other children.
The pair blame one of the other children in their care for killing Liam.
The women, who are both originally from Ryton, Tyne and Wear, deny all the charges against them.
In his closing speech, the defence QC for Nyomi Fee said: "There's not one piece of evidence offered to you that Nyomi Fee ever inflicted injury on Liam Fee at all.
"The fact that Nyomi Fee accepts that she made a terrible, terrible mistake in respect of Liam Fee does not automatically mean that she is someone who should be condemned as guilty of other aspects.
"In this case I don't suggest for one minute that you should sympathise with Nyomi fee, not for one minute.
"Evidence which the Crown hope they might have, wish they might have, suggest they might have, is actually missing and it cannot be replaced by conjecture and assumption. I intend to put before you facts."
Mr Stewart said she now accepted her guilt for neglecting Liam and could offer no excuse for what had happened.
He told the court: "It was a dreadful thing to do. It was a catastrophic mistake and a catastrophic failure of care.
"It's capable of any form of description people want to apply to it: it's unforgiveable, it's cruel, especially when you consider the consequences and the full extent of that injury is known.
"That's what happened and she accepts any description that people place upon it."
The trial at the High Court in Livingston continues.

Jennie Gray, 36, is serving a 42-month prison term for child cruelty. She had also admitted perverting the course of justice.
Her partner Ben Butler was convicted of murdering Ellie in June and jailed for life, with a minimum term of 23 years.
The Court of Appeal confirmed Gray had made a "late application" to appeal both charges.
Appeals are usually limited to 28 days after conviction but Gray was found guilty in June.
Anyone lodging an application after deadline has to make representations as to why it should be accepted "out of time" by the court.
Ellie died in October 2013 from catastrophic head injuries while in the care of her father at their home in Sutton in south-west London.
She had been placed in the care of her grandparents in 2009 after Butler was accused of shaking her when she was a baby, although this was later quashed on appeal.
But the youngster went back to live with her parents in 2012 - 11 months before her death - after the couple won a High Court judgement.
Mrs Justice Hogg sided with Butler despite objections from police, social services and Ellie's maternal grandfather, Neal Gray.
In June, the Old Bailey heard that Butler battered his daughter to death during a "volcanic loss of temper".
The couple angrily protested their innocence when jurors returned guilty verdicts.
Gray told them they had made a "big mistake", while Butler shouted that he would "fight forever" in the appeal courts.
It is understood that Butler has not made any late application to the Court of Appeal.


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Question: A 16-year-old boy has pleaded guilty to wounding a teenage girl at a bus stop in a Lincolnshire market town.

The youth, who cannot be named for legal reasons, also pleaded guilty to having a knife.
The 17-year-old victim suffered serious but not life-threatening injuries during the attack in Heaton Street, Gainsborough, in September.
The boy has been remanded into local authority care and is due to be sentenced in January.
Lincoln Crown Court heard the teenage girl required a small number of stitches and was released from hospital later the same day,

Officers found the victim after they were called to City Walk, near Silverdale Country Park in Salford, at about 14:00 BST on Friday.
The man, who is in his 20s, was taken to hospital for treatment but it is not yet clear how severe his injuries are.
Greater Manchester Police appealed for anyone with information to contact them.
Assaults involving corrosive substances have more than doubled in England since 2012, according to police figures, with the vast majority in London.
In a similar incident on Saturday, a man was injured in a suspected acid attack at a fish and chip shop in a seaside town in Kent.