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Question: Jacob Zuma is the most colourful and controversial president South Africa has had since white-minority rule ended in 1994.

He was born into poverty, went into exile to fight apartheid and has been embroiled in a series of scandals, which would have ended the careers of many politicians.
His poor roots, charisma and strength in adversity partly explain his ability to hold on to power, despite calls for his resignation and attempts to oust him as ANC leader.
His credibility was most severely damaged in March 2016 when South Africa's highest court ruled that he violated the constitution by failing to repay the government for money used on upgrading his private residence, including building a cattle enclosure, amphitheatre, swimming pool, visitor centre and chicken run. The president apologised to South Africans for the "frustration and confusion" caused by the scandal vowed to pay the money.
Mr Zuma's private life has also grabbed the headlines, and has caused much controversy.
The 73-year-old is a proud polygamist - following a Zulu tradition - and currently has four wives. He is also known for his infidelity and has fathered a child with another woman.
His political career was written off in the run-up to the 2009 election when he was simultaneously battling allegations of rape and corruption.
He was acquitted of rape, though the corruption case has proved harder to shake off.
He always denied charges of money-laundering and racketeering, stemming from a controversial $5bn arms deal signed in 1999 and had said he would resign if found guilty of wrong-doing.
The case was controversially dropped by the National Prosecuting Authority (NPA) just weeks before the elections which saw him become president.
Some seven years later, the opposition is still fighting for the charges to be reinstated and has asked the courts to review the NPA's decision. There is yet to be a ruling.
At the time of his election as president in 2009, Mr Zuma's supporters saw his charismatic popular touch as a refreshing contrast to Thabo Mbeki, who was seen as a rather aloof president.
"He is a man who listens; he doesn't take the approach of an intellectual king," said one unnamed supporter, in an apparent swipe at Mr Mbeki, whose allies were accused of spearheading Mr Zuma's prosecution after he had wrested control of the ANC in 2007.
Mr Zuma's modest upbringing and promotion of traditional family values are seen as a major factor in his enduring popularity among many poor South Africans, especially in rural areas.
His rise to power earned him the name "the people's president", but this carefully crafted image lay in tatters following the controversy over the upgrading of his residence in the rural area of Nkandla in northern KwaZulu-Natal.
ANC supporters heckled and booed him in front of foreign dignitaries - including US President Barack Obama - at a memorial in Johannesburg following the death of South Africa's first black leader, Nelson Mandela, in December 2013.
"He is eating when we are hungry," one protester said, capturing the public anger over the Nkandla upgrade.
Nkandla was where he was born on 12 April 1942. Brought up by his widowed mother, he had no formal schooling.
He joined the ANC at the age of 17, becoming an active member of its military wing, Umkhonto We Sizwe, in 1962.
He was convicted of conspiring to overthrow the apartheid government and imprisoned for 10 years on the notorious Robben Island, alongside Mr Mandela.
Mr Zuma, popularly known as "JZ", is said to have helped keep up morale among the incarcerated ANC grandees with songs and impromptu theatre - it was that comical nature which endeared him to ordinary South Africans before his elevation to the presidency.
After being freed from prison, Mr Zuma left South Africa, living first in Mozambique, then Zambia, as he rose through the ANC ranks to the executive committee.
He became one of the first leaders to return home in 1990 - when the ban on the ANC was removed - to take part in negotiations with the white-minority government.
While trying to oust Mr Mbeki, he enjoyed strong support among trade unionists and the communist party - an ANC ally - as they believed he would redistribute South Africa's wealth in favour of the poor.
They said Mr Mbeki was too business-friendly and had presided over "jobless growth".
However, Mr Zuma has not changed South Africa's economic policy and many of his erstwhile allies, such as firebrand youth leader Julius Malema, have since dropped him, accusing him of not doing enough to help the poor and of presiding over a corrupt government.
His private life has not helped this impression.
Married six times in total, Mr Zuma has 21 children and has married twice since becoming president in lavish traditional ceremonies in Nkandla.
One of his wives, Mozambican Kate Mantsho, took her own life in 2000, while his ex-wife, Nkosazana Dlamini-Zuma, is now chairperson of the African Union commission.
Zuma's wives:
Ex-wives:
Some analysts believe that with Mr Zuma due to step down as ANC leader in December 2017 and as president after general elections in 2019, he intends to back Ms Dlamini-Zuma as his successor in the hope that she will shield him from any further corruption investigations.
In 2006, Mr Zuma was acquitted of raping an HIV-positive family friend, but his statement during the trial, that he showered after unprotected sex with the woman to guard against possible infection, provoked ridicule.
Four years later, he admitted that he had had a baby with the daughter of another family friend.
He was again accused of undermining the government's HIV/Aids policy, which urges people to be faithful and use condoms.
But as president he won over many critics and activists when he announced a major overhaul to the country's Aids policy in December 2010 - this has seen a drastic increase of the roll-out of life-saving anti-retroviral (ARV) drugs.
South Africa has an estimated five million people living with HIV - more than any other country.
Mr Mbeki had denied the link between HIV and Aids and his government had always said ARV drugs were too expensive to distribute to all who needed them.
But that has been one of Mr Zuma's few unqualified successes.
The economic situation has been worsening, and there are almost daily protests by people demanding better basic services such as housing, schools, water and electricity.
More worrying for Mr Zuma, there are growing concerns within the ANC about corruption and cronyism, following allegations that the wealthy Gupta family influences cabinet appointments.
Both Mr Zuma and the Guptas have denied the allegation, but the ANC has ordered an investigation into what its secretary-general Gwede Mantashe has called the "corporate capture" of government.
Some analysts believe that with Mr Zuma coming under pressure on various fronts, it is a matter of time before he is is forced to step down.
However, others say it is unwise to write off the man whose Zulu name, Gedleyihlekisa, means one who smiles while grinding his enemies.

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It says Mr Kathrada passed away peacefully in a Johannesburg hospital "after a short period of illness, following surgery to the brain".
Along with Nelson Mandela, Mr Kathrada was among eight African National Congress activists sentenced to life imprisonment in 1964.
They were convicted of trying to topple the white minority government.
He is due to be buried on Wednesday at a private ceremony, but President Jacob Zuma has said that flags should fly at half mast in his honour and that public memorial service will also be held.
Mr Kathrada, affectionately known as Kathy, was not only one of Mr Mandela's closest friends, but also a human rights activist in his own right who had a long history in the struggle against discrimination and apartheid, says the BBC's Milton Nkosi.
The death of Ahmed Kathrada emphasises that a golden generation of anti-apartheid heroes has nearly gone.
Along with the likes of Nelson Mandela, Oliver Tambo and Walter Sisulu, he was part of a group untainted by corruption, acting as a moral compass for the nation.
His generation literally gave up most of their adult lives to fight to liberate black people from the yoke of white minority rule.
"Uncle Kathy" stayed relevant to the struggle of the downtrodden till the end.
He was critical of the current administration, asking President Zuma to resign following a damning court judgement against the president.
His significance in the anti-apartheid struggle was also to deracialise it.
He proved that the fight was not just left for black Africans to wage on their own, and that is how I will remember him.
Apartheid was a legalised system of discrimination against non-white people introduced in South Africa in 1948.
But laws that discriminated against non-whites existed prior to that.
Born into a family of Indian origin in 1929, Mr Kathrada was affected by those laws.
Mr Kathrada spent more than 26 years in prison, 18 of which were on the notorious Robben Island, where Mr Mandela was also jailed.
He was arrested in 1963, along with several others, at a farm in the Johannesburg suburb of Rivonia. They had been meeting there in secret to plan the armed struggle against the apartheid government.
The following year Mr Kathrada was found guilty of conspiring to commit acts of violence. Seven other defendants, including Mr Mandela, were also convicted of conspiracy and three other charges.
They all received life sentences and most went on to spend the majority of their time in jail on Robben Island.
Under apartheid, even prisoners were treated differently depending on their racial origin: White prisoners got the most privileges, followed by those of Indian origin, while black people got the least.
Mr Kathadra refused to accept his privileges unless they were also extended to his black comrades.
In 1982, he was moved to Pollsmoor prison on the mainland, from where he was freed in 1989.
After South Africa's first democratic elections in 1994, President Mandela persuaded Mr Kathrada to join him in government as his political adviser.
Mr Kathrada left parliament in 1999, but remained active in politics,
He went on to chair the Robben Island Museum Council, set up to preserve the prison as part of South Africa's heritage.
He was the fourth of six children born in the North West Province, previously known as Western Transvaal.
Mr Kathrada was a campaigner from a young age and joined the Young Communist League at the age of 12.
He later became a member of the Transvaal Indian Congress, which spearheaded campaigns against laws that discriminated against Indians, and joined their protests at 17.
In 1952, he received a suspended sentence for helping to organise an anti-apartheid defiance campaign, with black activists including Mr Mandela and Walter Sisulu.
Four years later he was charged with high treason, but was acquitted after a long trial.
In 1962 he was placed under house arrest and then took his activities underground to work with the military wing of the African National Congress.
Fellow anti-apartheid campaigner Winnie Madikizela-Mandela has been reflecting on the news of Mr Kathrada's death.
"I'm experiencing the same pain I was experiencing at the death of Madiba [ex-husband Nelson Mandela]. When Madiba passed on, part of his soul was left in Kathy, he was just an extension of our family.
"So, the pain is the same, and somehow it feels like a closure of a chapter in history.
"A very painful chapter, of men and women who dedicated themselves to this country, who fought for their values and principles they thought we'd instil in our society."
South Africa's Nobel Peace laureate Archbishop Desmond Tutu has also added his voice:
"Ahmed Kathrada was one of those leaders. A man of remarkable gentleness, modesty and steadfastness.
"He once wrote to the president to argue that he did not deem himself important enough to be awarded a high honour."
After Mr Kathrada's death, there are only two surviving members of the group who were convicted at the Rivonia trial in 1964.
Denis Goldberg, 83, continues to speak out on South African politics. He told the BBC that "Kathy" was "much more than a friend. [He was] a comrade. We faced the prospect of the gallows together".
Andrew Mlangeni, 91, is also still alive. He served as an MP in the country's first democratically elected parliament from 1994 to 1999.
Nelson Mandela died in 2013 at the age of 95. He became South Africa's first democratically elected president in 1994.
Walter Sisulu died in 2003 at the age of 90. He was deputy president of the ANC from 1991 to 1994.
Govan Mbeki died in 2001 at the age of 91. He served in the upper house of South Africa's parliament from 1994 to 1999. His son Thabo succeeded Mr Mandela as president.
Raymond Mhlaba died in 2005 at the age of 85. He served as the national chairperson of the South African Communist Party, he also was the country's high commissioner in Rwanda and Uganda.
Elias Motsoaledi died in 1994 at the age of 69 the day before Mr Mandela was inaugurated as president.


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Question: Northern Ireland MP Jeffrey Donaldson has been given a knighthood.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

The Democratic Unionist is among 101 people from Northern Ireland to be recognised in the Queen's Birthday Honours list published on Friday night.
Mr Donaldson said he was "delighted and humbled" by the honour.
He said: "I am absolutely delighted to have received this honour and indeed humbled that I would be considered worthy."
Mr Donaldson was the youngest person to take a seat in the Stormont Assembly at the age of 22 - and he has been elected to Westminster five times.
"I see this honour, not just as a recognition of the work that I have done in over 30 years in active politics in Northern Ireland, but also a tribute to the people I represent and who have put their faith in me in a number of elections," said Mr Donaldson.
"So, I dedicate this honour to them and also to my family who have stood by me through some very challenging times and also to my party.
"When I was told about it, you could have knocked me down with a feather. It came as a huge surprise but a very welcome one."
Despite the new title, Mr Donaldson, a married father of two daughters, has insisted he will not change.
"I'll always be plain Jeffrey to my friends and to the people that I represent," he said.
Alongside Mr Donaldson is businesswoman Rotha Johnston, who has been made a Dame for services to the local economy, and for her role in promoting female entrepreneurship through her participation in the Northern Ireland Women's Network.
Ms Johnston is also currently pro-chancellor at Queen's University, chair of Northern Ireland Screen, a non-executive director of Northern Ireland Electricity and an independent board member of the Department of Justice and Belfast Harbour Commissioners.
Dr Malcolm McKibbin, the head of the Northern Ireland Civil Service, has been awarded a Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath (KCB) for delivering major reform and for his part in negotiations which resulted in the Stormont House and Fresh Start Agreements.
The oldest recipient from Northern Ireland is 92-year-old Stanley McIlroy, who has been given an MBE for his tireless fundraising.
The pensioner from Belfast has raised more than Â£800,000 for Cancer Research UK and continues to bring in an average of Â£10,000 a year.
Mr McIlroy credits medical research scientists for saving the life of his father as far back as the 1960s.
"My father was diagnosed in 1967 and I was told he had six months to live," he said.
"My father died in 1979 - not from cancer but from a stroke.  So it was through research, and research only I believe, that my father had an extra 12 years to live in this world."
At just 21 years old, plumbing apprentice Gary Doyle is the youngest person in the UK to receive an honour on this latest list.
In 2015, Mr Doyle, from Castlewellan in Co Down, won a gold medal for his plumbing and heating skills at the World Skills championships in Brazil.
Meanwhile, school lollipop lady Mary Stevenson has been given an MBE for services to education in north Belfast.
Ardoyne youth worker Owen Maguire is also among those to be given an MBE.
Married couple William and Elizabether McCay have each been awarded a BEM (British Empire Medal) for services to music and the community after they set up a series of summer music recitals in Belfast city centre church to showcase new young talent.
Three Queen's Police Medals and one Queen's Ambulance Service Medal have also been received.
Order of the British Empire
DBE
Ms Rotha Geraldine Diane Johnston, CBE. For services to the Northern Ireland Economy and public service. (Belfast)
CBE
Dr Thomas Norman Caven. Formerly Registrar General and chief executive Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency. For services to Civil Registration and Official Statistics.
Professor Usha Chakravarthy. Professor of Ophthalmology Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. For services to Ophthalmology in Northern Ireland and voluntary service to managing Eye Conditions. (Belfast)
James Henry Conn. Formerly Crown Solicitor. For services to Justice. (Belfast)
Dr Robson Sinclair Davison. Formerly Chair Governing Body, South Eastern Regional College. For services to Further Education. (Ballyclare, Antrim)
Harold Mark Ennis. Non-Executive chairman SSE Ireland. For services to the Economy and the community in Northern Ireland. (Holywood, Down)
Trevor Reaney. Clerk and chief executive Northern Ireland Assembly. For services to Democracy and the community in Northern Ireland. (Moira, Down)
Ms Erica Bamford. Director, Council for the Homeless Northern Ireland. For services to Tackling Homelessness in Northern Ireland. (Newtownards, Down)
Mrs Elizabeth Maria Bannon. Co-director, Maternity and Women's Health, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust. For services to Midwifery in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Gregory Patrick Butler. Regional managing director (South Eastern and Southern Regions) Education Authority. For services to Education. (Newtownabbey, Antrim)
Mrs Noreen Campbell. For services to the Development of Integrated Education in Northern Ireland. (Newtownabbey, Antrim)
Fergus Cooper. For services to Young People in Northern Ireland.
Elizabeth Gray Dickson. Formerly Principal, Friends School, Lisburn. For services to Education. (Belfast)
Miss Nicola Ann Dunn. Chair, Titanic Foundation Ltd. For services to Tourism in Northern Ireland. (London)
Ms Irene Margaret Knox. Chief executive, Northern Ireland Library Authority. For services to Public Libraries and the community in Northern Ireland. (Dromore, Down)
Richard Lemon. Policy Adviser, Northern Ireland Office. For services to the Northern Ireland Peace Process. (Bangor, Down)
Kevin Martin McCann. Director, Research and Development, Invest NI. For services to Economic Development in Northern Ireland. (Newtownabbey, Antrim)
Dr Hugh Connor Mulholland. Consultant Paediatric Cardiologist, Royal Belfast Hospital for Sick Children and lately Trustee, Heartbeat. For services to Healthcare in Northern Ireland. (Wallingford, Oxfordshire)
Miss Evelyn Ruth Smith, TD. For voluntary services to Healthcare and the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Member of the British Empire (MBE)
William James Bailie. Senior Professional Technical Officer (Deputy Principal), Northern Ireland Executive. For services to the Justice Department and Development of the Prison Estates. (Comber, County Down)
Mrs Elizabeth Ann Bell. Vice Chair, South Antrim Community Transport. For voluntary service to Community Transport. (Ballyclare, Antrim)
Mrs Elizabeth Browne. Formerly Paediatric Nurse, Ulster Hospital. For services to Healthcare. (Bangor, Down)
Stanley Coulter. For services to Amateur Football through Lisburn Rangers. (Lisburn)
Mrs Cynthia Cranston. Formerly head of Service, Southern Health and Social Care Trust. For services to Occupational Therapy in Northern Ireland. (Annalong, Down)
Mrs Marion Elizabeth Dallas. Chief executive, North West Healthcare Group. For services to Healthcare and Employment in the North West of Northern Ireland. (imavady, Antrim)
Gordon Mervyn Dunne. For services to Local Government and to the community in Northern Ireland. (Holywood, Down)
Dr Basil John Farnan. Forensic Medical Officer, Police Service of Northern Ireland. For services to Forensic Medicine and the community in Northern Ireland. (Hillsborough, Down)
Ronald Joseph Ferris. Plumbing Lecturer, Southern Regional College. For services to Skills Development and the community in County Down. (Newry, Down)
Mrs Carol Hazel Fitzsimons. Chief executive, Young Enterprise Northern Ireland. For services to Youth Entrepreneurship and Enterprise. (Bangor, Down)
Gerard Guckian, DL. Chair, Western Health and Social Care Trust. For services to Health and Social Care in Northern Ireland. (Londonderry)
Mrs Jackie Henry. Consulting Partner, Deloitte. For services to the Economy in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Mrs Margaret Ellen Hetherington. Volunteer, Military and Police Support. For services to Former Security Personnel and their Families in Northern Ireland. (Tyrone)
Thomas William Hogg. Mayor, Antrim and Newtownabbey Borough Council. For services to Local Government in Antrim. (Belfast)
Issam Abbas Horshi. Managing director, The White Horse Hotel. For services to the Tourism Industry in Northern Ireland. (Waterside, Londonderry)
Mrs Felicity Margaret Florence Humphreys. Principal, Moat Primary School, Lisnaskea. For services to Education. (Lisbellaw, Fermanagh)
Herbert Brian Hunter. For services to Music in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
John Joseph Irvine. For voluntary service to Cancer Charities and the community in Northern Ireland. (Enniskillen, Fermanagh)
Mrs Jennifer Jenkins. Senior Executive Officer, Ballyclare High School, County Antrim. For services to Education. (Ballyclare, Antrim)
Ms Sarah Alexandra Kelso-Robb. Executive director, Halifax Foundation for Northern Ireland. For services to volunteering and charitable organisations in Northern Ireland. (Newtownabbey, Antrim)
Henry William Robert Kohner. For services to People with Mental Health Issues in Northern Ireland.
Professor Christine Liddell. Professor of Psychology, Ulster University. For services to Tackling Fuel Poverty in Northern Ireland. (Ballymoney, Antrim)
Dr Charlotte Pamela Logue. Formerly General Practitioner and Specialist in Genito-urinary Medicine, Causeway Coast. For services to Medicine. (Portstewart, Londonderry)
Peter John Lunn. For services to Commerce Charity and Sport in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Mairtin Damien Mac Giolla Chomghaill. For services to the Arts in Northern Ireland. (Newcastle, Down)
Patrick MacKey. Senior Education Officer, Education Authority. For services to Education. (Londonderry)
Owen Ignatius Maguire. For voluntary service to Young People and the community in Ardoyne North Belfast. (Belfast)
Miss Kerrie Jessica McAllister. Policy Officer, Northern Ireland Office. For services to the Northern Ireland Political Process. (Bangor, Down)
Thomas David Stephen McClelland. Managing director, Schrader Electronics Ltd. For services to Economic Development in Northern Ireland.
Mrs Anne Majella McDowell. Principal, Galliagh Nursery School, Londonderry. For services to Education. (Londonderry)
Stanley Terence McIlroy. Fundraiser and Volunteer, Cancer Research UK. For charitable services. (Belfast)
Terence Rea McMaster. Principal, Drumahoe Primary School, Londonderry. For services to Education. (Garvagh, Londonderry)
Mrs Margaret Irene Moorehead. Assistant director for Allied Health Professions, South Eastern Health and Social Care Trust. For services to Healthcare. (Bangor, Down)
John Alexander Platt. Headteacher, Millburn Primary School, Coleraine. For services to Education in Northern Ireland.
Ms Sharon Polson. For services to Enterprise in Northern Ireland.
Alasdair John Robinson. Chief Superintendent, Police Service of Northern Ireland. For services to the Police and the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Kerry Anthony Rooney. For services to Older People and Drama in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Mrs Ann Scott. Formerly Nurse consultant, Mental Health Services for Older People, South Eastern Trust. For services to People with Dementia. (Carrickfergus, Antrim)
Richard Scott. Volunteer, Military and Police Support of West Tyrone. For services to Former Security Personnel and their Families in Northern Ireland. (Omagh, Tyrone)
John Vernon Smyth. For services to Sport in Northern Ireland. (Bangor, Down)
Miss Kousalyaa Somasundram. For services to Indian Dance Ethnic Art and the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Christopher Southworth. Policy Adviser, Northern Ireland Office. For services to the Northern Ireland Political Process. (London)
Frank Mervn Stewart. For voluntary service to the community and WaterAid in Northern Ireland. (Ballymoney, Antrim)
Wesley Alan Strong. Senior Lecturer, School of the Built Environment, Ulster University. For services to Higher Education and Sport in Northern Ireland.
John Declan Toner. For services to Hospitality and Tourism in Northern Ireland. (Newcastle, Down)
Miss Margaret Carlisle Torrens. For voluntary services to the community in Antrim Northern Ireland. (Muckamore, Antrim)
Mrs Anne Walsh. Director of Business Development, East Belfast Mission. For services to the Social Economy Sector in East Belfast. (Down)
Christopher William George Watson. For services to the Economy and the community in Northern Ireland. (Antrim)
Mrs Melanie Wiggins. Project Co-ordinator, Freedom Acts, Portadown and Co-founder, Craigavon ACT. For services to Tackling Human Trafficking. (Portadown, Armagh)
British Empire Medal (BEM)
Mrs Sarah Elizabeth Beck. For services to Nursing and voluntary service to Cancer Research UK in Banbridge, County Down. (Banbridge, Down)
Mrs Muriel Joyce Boyd. Volunteer, Carrickfergus Voluntary Welfare Group. For services to the Welfare of Ex-Police Officers and their Families in Carrickfergus, County Antrim. (Carrickfergus, Antrim)
Mrs Ellen Colgan. For voluntary service. (Dromara, Down)
Thomas Conlon. For services to the Environment and the Sport of Angling in Northern Ireland.
Michael Francis Dixon. For services to People with Learning Disabilities in Northern Ireland through Stepping Stones Northern Ireland. (Lisburn, Antrim)
Miss Eileen Drumm. For services to the Disabled Community in Enniskillen Fermanagh. (Enniskillen, Fermanagh)
James Donald Fry. For services to Amateur Football in Belfast. (Glengormley, Antrim)
Frederick David Hunter. For voluntary service to the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Desmond Jardin. Founder Member, Ulster Grand Prix Supporters Club. For services to Motorcycle Sport in Northern Ireland. (Lisburn, Antrim)
Thomas George Kirkham. Company Sergeant Major Instructor, D Company, 1st Northern Ireland Battalion. For services to the Army Cadet Force and to the community. (Lisburn, Antrim)
William George Lunn. For services to the community in Northern Ireland. (Newtownabbey, Antrim)
The Reverend David Ronald McBeth. Rector of Dungiven and Bovevagh Parish Churches. For services to charity and to the community in County Londonderry. (Londonderry)
Mrs Beth McCay. For services to Music and the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
William McCay. For services to Music and the Community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Miss Edith Victoria McConnell. For services to the community in Northern Ireland. (Lisburn, Antrim)
Ian David McCullagh. For services to Young People in Northern Ireland through the Boys Brigade. (Dromore, Down)
John Robert McCusker. For services to the Royal British Legion and the community in Co. Fermanagh. (Enniskillen, Fermanagh)
Alan McKelvey. For services to the community in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Mrs Elizabeth Beryl McKnight. For services to the community in Carrickfergus, County Antrim.
Mrs Yvonne Alison Mulholland. Treasurer, The Not Forgotten Association, Northern Ireland. For voluntary service to Veterans. (Newtownards)
James Thomas Nixon. For services to the Police and the community in Northern Ireland. (Enniskillen, Fermanagh)
William Gerard O'Donnell. For services to the community in Northern Ireland. (Eglinton, Londonderry)
Mrs Tracey Parker. For services to Cancer Sufferers and Terminally Ill Children in Northern Ireland. (Bangor, Down)
Mrs Karen Catherine Purdy. Community Development Officer, Bloomfield Community Association. For services to the Voluntary and Community Sectors in Northern Ireland. (Belfast)
Ms Emma Mary Regan. Regional Wheelchair Training Clinical Specialist. For services to the Provision of Wheelchair Services within Northern Ireland. (Dunmurry, Belfast)
Miss Margaret Joan Reid. For services to Young People through Scouting in County Tyrone.
William Alexander Sayers. For services to the community in Strabane Northern Ireland. (Strabane, Tyrone)
Mrs Betty Scott. For charitable services. (Holywood, Down)
Mrs Ailna Vanessa Smyth. Fundraiser, Cancer Research UK and the Coleraine Northern Ireland Hospice Support Group. For voluntary service to the community in Northern Ireland. (Portstewart, Londonderry)
Mrs Mary Stevenson. School Meals Supervisor, Ligoneil and Ballyduff Primary School. For services to Education in North Belfast. (Belfast)
Miss Mary Dorothea Stewart. For services to the community in Downpatrick. (Downpatrick, Down)
Mrs Elsie Vance. For services to Older People in Lisburn, County Antrim. (Lisburn, Antrim)
Queen's Police Medal (QPM)
Ms Barbara Ann Gray. Chief Superintendent, Police Service of Northern Ireland.
Hugh James Thompson Hume. Detective Chief Superintendent, Police Service of Northern Ireland.
Bernard Michael Oconnor. Temporary chief inspector, Police Service of Northern Ireland.
Queen's Ambulance Service Medal (QAM)
John Wright. Assistant director of Operations, Northern Ireland Ambulance Service HSC Trust.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Appointed to the post following the election, he said the decision was taken for personal rather than political reasons.
Mr Edwards said he will concentrate on representing the people of Carmarthen East and Dinefwr.
Arfon MP Hywel Williams has now been appointed to the role.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A 12-year-old found in the basement of his father's block of flats after being missing for 11 days is in his mother's custody, police in Detroit have said.

Police say they are not allowing Charlie Bothuell to have contact with his father or stepmother.
Investigators have not ruled out abuse but the father, also Charles, denies he has ever harmed his son.
Police officers found the boy, who had been feared dead, behind a clutter of boxes on Wednesday.
On Friday, the Detroit Free Press reported, citing a court document not released publicly, that Charlie told investigators that his stepmother, Monique Dillard-Bothuell, instructed him to go to the basement and "not to come out, no matter what he hears" and did not bring him food.
Meanwhile, in a Friday court hearing it was revealed the boy's body was marked with bruises that indicated he had been physically abused in the past, the Detroit News reported.
Mr Bothuell's lawyer Mark Magidson told local media that he expected child abuse charges would be filed against his client.
On Wednesday, Mr Bothuell was appealing to HLN viewers for help when presenter Nancy Grace told him Charlie had been found alive and well.
The father appeared to be stunned and said, "What?"
He told the presenter his family, Detroit police and FBI had searched the multiple-flat building's basement several times.
Earlier in the day, the police said they feared the boy was dead.
"God, they brought dogs, everything... Everybody has searched," Charles Bothuell IV said. "Oh God, my son."
Police also confirmed to local media they had searched the family's basement with a cadaver dog, adding investigators were not sure Charlie had been in the basement for the full 11 days.
The boy's stepmother was also arrested on Thursday for violating her probation on a misdemeanour gun charge.
Mr Magidson told reporters her arrest was "highly disingenuous" and said he had advised her not to talk to investigators unless he was present.
As he left a court hearing for his wife on Friday, Mr Bothuell told reporters: "I have something to say, but I can't right now."
Charlie was given medical attention at a nearby hospital after he was found, with Police Sgt Mike Woody telling US media the boy was "doing fine".
"I've never seen anything quite like this," Detroit Police Chief James Craig told reporters on Wednesday. "But the outcome - I couldn't be happier."

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Example:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.', "Oliver Hawkins wreaked havoc for the visitors, scoring one, making another and creating plenty of other chances in between.\nThe 24-year-old striker broke the deadlock with a simple header from Jordan Maguire-Drew's pinpoint cross after 29 minutes, before his flick-on slipped Luke Guttridge through to make it 2-0 just before half-time.\nWith York struggling to contain the visitors they finished the game with 10 men after Adriano Moke saw red and their long winless run continues.\nReport supplied by the Press Association.\nMatch ends, York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 2.\nSecond Half ends, York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 2.\nSubstitution, Dagenham and Redbridge. Paul Benson replaces Jordan Maguire-Drew.\nAdriano Moke (York City) is shown the red card.\nScott Heard (Dagenham and Redbridge) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.\nAidan Connolly (York City) is shown the yellow card.\nSubstitution, York City. Callum Rzonca replaces Robbie McDaid.\nRobbie McDaid (York City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.\nLuke Guttridge (Dagenham and Redbridge) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.\nSubstitution, York City. Daniel Nti replaces Scott Fenwick.\nSecond Half begins York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 2.\nFirst Half ends, York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 2.\nGoal!  York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 2. Luke Guttridge (Dagenham and Redbridge).\nGoal!  York City 0, Dagenham and Redbridge 1. Oliver Hawkins (Dagenham and Redbridge).\nFirst Half begins.\nLineups are announced and players are warming up."]" Match: "['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'York have now gone 14 games without a win after Dagenham enjoyed a comfortable 2-0 victory at Bootham Crescent.']"

Court officials carrying out an eviction order on Tuesday discovered the bodies of an 11-year-old boy and a 14-year-old girl.
Police did not name the woman but said the bodies were wrapped in the same plastic bag.
Two of the woman's other children, aged 11 and 17, were found at a neighbour's home and placed in protective custody.
A post-mortem examination has been scheduled to determine how the children died.
Police Chief James Craig called it a "terrible find".
Tori Childs, a neighbour, told the Associated Press that she hadn't seen the two dead children for about a year.
Neighbours said the 36-year-old mother was behind on her rent on her three-bedroom apartment and was "going through some things".


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details:

Question: The EU is to suspend most of its sanctions against Belarus including an asset freeze and travel ban on President Alexander Lukashenko.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The decision follows the freeing of the country's remaining six political prisoners in August.
The US has also said it will ease sanctions, but urged Belarus "to improve its record with respect to human rights and democracy".
Mr Lukashenko is believed to want closer ties with Western countries.
He is reported to be eager to reduce Russia's leverage as he comes under pressure from Moscow to allow a Russian air base in his country.
Russia wants to establish the base to counter what it sees as Nato's eastward advance, but Belarus argues that such a base will not reduce military and political tensions in the region.
In a statement confirming its decision, the EU said that it was taking account of "the context of improving EU-Belarus relations".
From Saturday it will suspend "for four months the asset freeze and travel ban applying to 170 individuals and the asset freeze applying to three entities in Belarus," the Council of the European Union statement said.
However an arms embargo will remain in force as will sanctions against four members of President Lukashenko's security services who are suspected of orchestrating the disappearances of political opponents.
The move will be reviewed at the end of February and sanctions could be re-imposed if the EU sees a deterioration in human rights, the rule of law and press freedoms.
The US Treasury for its part said that from Saturday it would allow most transactions with nine sanctioned entities in Belarus for the next six months.
State Department spokesman John Kirby said the US was taking the step "in light of the positive move by the Belarusian government to release all six of its political prisoners on 22 August".
Mr Kirby said that the move "opens the door to expanded commercial ties" while urging the government of Belarus to do more "to improve its record with respect to human rights and democracy".
Correspondents say that EU officials are eager to promote democracy in countries that neighbour the EU in central and eastern Europe.
President Alexander Lukashenko won his fifth term with a landslide 83.5% of the vote on 12 October.
But observers from the OSCE security body said it fell far short of the country's democratic commitments.
Mr Lukashenko, 61, has governed the former Soviet republic almost unchallenged for 21 years.
Still Europe's last dictator?
Why does President Lukashenko take his son to work?
Belarus country profile
L

There are 448 candidates for 110 lower-house seats being contested.
While the opposition is not predicted to win any seats, the government has allowed them to register more easily than in previous votes. It wants to build better relations with the West.
Foreign monitors have been granted access to the vote count.
"We've done everything so that there aren't complaints from the Western side. We accommodated their requests," President Alexander Lukashenko told reporters after casting his vote in Minsk.
The last parliamentary elections in 2012 were boycotted by the two main opposition parties. Of the 448 candidates running this time, 200 are from opposition parties.
Relations between Belarus and the West have improved since the recession-hit country held a peaceful presidential election last October in which Mr Lukashenko won his fifth term with a landslide 83.5% of the vote.
The release of political prisoners and Mr Lukashenko's role in hosting Ukraine-Russia peace talks have also boosted the international reputation of the veteran leader, who was once accused by the the US of running Europe's last dictatorship.
The European Union ended five years of sanctions against Belarus in February, while the US has also relaxed some of its restrictions, saying that more will be dropped if Sunday's vote is fairly handled by the authorities.
But opposition candidates are not confident of success.
"I am convinced that not a single opposition candidate will make it through  to parliament," Belarusian Popular Front Chairman Alaksiej Janukievic told the AFP news agency.
"There will only be lawmakers approved by the authorities."
The inevitable outcome of the election also means that not all Belarus citizens consider it a worthwhile exercise.
"I would have gone and voted if I felt my vote made a difference," businesswoman Irina, 37, told the Reuters news agency.
President Lukashenko has been in power since 1994, keeping the country strategically close to Russia.
But correspondents say that signs of strains in the relationship appeared during Russia's annexation of Crimea from Ukraine in 2014  - and since then President Lukashenko has made overtures to the West.
An economic downturn in Russia allied to declining energy prices and sanctions have battered former Soviet countries including Belarus, where the economy retracted by nearly 4% in 2015.
Still Europe's last dictator?
EU and US to ease sanctions
Belarus country profile


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The Liberal Democrats are gathering in Bournemouth for their annual conference - the first since the party lost all but eight of its MPs in May's general election rout.

Activists are unlikely to be throwing themselves off the pier in despair. That's not really the Lib Dem way. The party has always thrived in adversity. The conference hashtag is #LibDemfightback.
But it will be a bittersweet experience for some party members.
"This is bound to be an emotional conference for us," writes Caron Lindsay, editor of LibDem Voice.
The party's "brutal" defeat in May is still raw, she adds. "Being with our friends, mulling it all over with laughter, the odd tear and a whole load of gallows humour will undoubtedly help with that."
Here is a full rundown of the main speeches and debates.
The party is talking up the fact that it has gained 20,000 members since May's general election - and about 2,500 of them are going to be in Bournemouth. This is a record, according to party sources, surpassing the number of party members at the 2010 post-election gathering.
"It's going to be a busy, buzzy conference," says Lib Dem activist Mark Pack.
But it will still be a very different kind of Lib Dem conference to those we saw during the coalition years.
There will be no government ministers speaking from the main stage for one thing.
It is likely to feel more sparsely populated too. The corporate lobbyists who flooded into Lib Dem conferences during the coalition years have all but deserted the party. This means the bars and restaurants will be quieter and there will be far fewer fringe meetings. Far fewer journalists too.
The party's new leader Tim Farron has long been a darling of grassroots Lib Dem activists but the general public have little idea who he is.
He will be under pressure to do something about that this week - and also to stake out exactly where the party stands in the rapidly changing landscape of British politics.
He has described the election of Jeremy Corbyn as Labour leader as a "staggering" opportunity for the Lib Dems to occupy the "centre ground" and attract back moderate Labour voters and members appalled by their new leader's hard left pedigree.
"There's no denying we're at one of the most challenging points in our party's history, but if anyone is going to lead us back, it's Tim," says a party aide.
"At conference you'll hear what motivates him, as he tackles the housing crisis, mental health, Europe, business and enterprise, the refugee crisis, and personal freedom."
The focus will be on next year's elections in Scotland, Wales and English local authorities - the first real chance to gauge if the party can revive itself.
Where exactly does Mr Farron, routinely described as a left-winger himself, and who defined himself as a break from the Tory-leaning coalition years, think the centre ground is? Aides say he is keen to dispel the idea, put about by some commentators, that he is "Corbyn-lite".
Party members will be seeking answers at a Q&A session in the main hall on Monday. Mr Farron's keynote address will close the conference on Wednesday.
Tim Farron has mischievously let slip that he has been playing "agony aunt" to Labour MPs in despair at the election of Jeremy Corbyn.
But party sources are talking down the chances of defections any time soon. Certainly not during conference week.
The most senior Labour figure in Bournemouth will be former cabinet minister Peter Hain, now Lord Hain, who is down to speak at a fringe meeting.
Mr Farron and his team will be going all out to make their party look like an attractive option for disaffected Labour supporters.
"We once again see the prospect of a decade or more of Tory rule, and it fills us with dread," Mr Farron will tell activists at a rally on Saturday evening.
Tim Farron will not forget to shower some love on closet coalition fans who deserted the party for the Tories in May, his aides say.
"Britain is teeming with liberals, some of them are not yet in the Liberal Democrats. Some of them are in other parties. But we are their home," he will say on Saturday.
Mr Farron is setting himself up for a scrap with his party over Trident - carrying on in the grand tradition of Lib Dem leaders that have gone before him.
Conference will debate a motion on Monday backing unilateral nuclear disarmament - Mr Farron is planning to oppose it arguing that a cheaper option than a like-for-like replacement for Trident, such as ending round-the-clock submarine patrols, would be better.
He is also set for a rift with activists over airport expansion in south-east England. The membership voted for a blanket ban last year, but Mr Farron has told the Evening Standard that while he is against a third runway at Heathrow, he is "open-minded" about other options.
Former leader Nick Clegg is down to speak to conference on Monday, when he is expected to launch the party's campaign to remain in the EU in the forthcoming referendum.
"He will get a better reception than Tony Blair would at a Labour conference," suggests Mark Pack.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Job: Conservative Party leader since 2005
Age: 48
Electoral history: MP for Witney since 2001. Led Conservatives to gain 97 seats in 2010 and become the largest party in the House of Commons with 307 seats. The party did not get a majority (at least 325 seats) - and swift talks to form a tradition-busting coalition with the Lib Dems led to him becoming prime minister.
How's his campaign gone? David Cameron had what was widely described as a safety-first campaign, with the core messages of sticking with the Conservatives to ensure economic recovery and warning that a Labour government propped up by the SNP would cause chaos. In the final week he rolled up his sleeves and said he was "pumped up" after critics suggested a lack of passion.
And how did he do? Personally, Mr Cameron got re-elected into his safe seat of Witney with more than 35,000 votes - more than 25,000 ahead of his nearest rival. As a party leader, the latest forecast is that he is on course for 331 seats out of 650 - compared to 307 in 2010. So this represents a huge achievement - only once before in recent history has an incumbent government increased its majority, and that was Mrs Thatcher in her prime in the 1980s. However, this is a small majority which, say correspondents, means he may be vulnerable to pressure and potential revolts from his backbenches.
Cameron: We'll make Britain greater
Job: Labour leader since 2010
Age: 45
Electoral history: MP for Doncaster North since 2005. This was his first general election as Labour leader.
How's his campaign gone? Ed Miliband went into the campaign facing questions about his character from political rivals and questions about how he would stand up to the relentless pressure and scrutiny of the campaign. He was widely seen to have exceeded (admittedly low) expectations during the campaign, and pre-vote polling raised speculation that Mr Miliband might even be in a position to negotiate form a minority government on 8 May.
How did he do? Voters emphatically dashed Mr Miliband's hopes of achieving a majority or even enough MPs to be able to put together a deal with other parties to form a government, with Labour  forecast to have won just 232 seats. Mr Miliband himself was re-elected in his safe Labour seat of Doncaster North - winning 20,708 votes compared to his nearest rival's 8,928 - but hours after the result announced he was resigning as party leader, saying he was "truly sorry" he did not succeed and that it was "time for someone else" to take over.
His leadership had already been criticised from within his own party, with Labour peer and former first minister of Scotland, Lord McConnell, saying: "We had no answers on Europe, we had no answers on this issue of disengagement of people with politics in the centre, we seem to be offering just simply more of the same."
Miliband resigns as Labour leader
Job: Lib Dem leader since 2007
Age: 48
Electoral history: MP for Sheffield Hallam since 2005. He led the Lib Dems into the 2010 election when the party got nearly one in four votes cast, but just 57 out of 650 MPs. The party, which for decades had been out of power, sprung a surprise by going into coalition with the Conservatives. Its poll ratings almost immediately fell and never recovered.
How did the campaign go? Mr Clegg spent much of the past five years as the most unpopular of the UK's senior politicians, with his party slumping in the polls and his personal ratings in huge negative territory even before his U-turn on student tuition fees. This campaign went pretty well, from that low base, but with none of the "Cleggmania" seen in 2010. He again did OK in the TV debates and seemed to enjoy the chance to defend, unrestricted, his decision to go into coalition.
And what about the results?  Mr Clegg managed to hang on to his Sheffield seat - with 22,215 votes compared to Labour's 19,862 - but there was a collapse in his party's overall standing from 57 seats to a forecast eight. Big names to go included three former cabinet ministers - Energy Secretary Ed Davey, Business Secretary Vince Cable and Treasury Secretary Danny Alexander. Mr Clegg resigned as leader of the Liberal Democrats on Friday morning after admitting the results were "immeasurably more crushing" than he could have feared.  But he insisted there was a "way back" and promised his party it "would win again".
Clegg resigns after Lib Dem losses
Job: UKIP leader since 2010 (and between 2006 and 2009)
Age: 51
Electoral history: MEP  First elected to the European Parliament in 1999, representing the south-east of England. A failed attempt to unseat the Commons Speaker, John Bercow, in Buckingham at the 2010 general election was followed by UKIP victory in the 2014 European elections, which Mr Farage called a political "earthquake". More was to come when two Conservative MPs, Douglas Carswell and Mark Reckless, resigned their seats and won the resulting by-elections for UKIP.
How did the campaign go? Nigel Farage had to balance UKIP's national drive for votes with his personal battle to get elected in South Thanet, Kent. UKIP's campaign, which was expected to loom large over the election, at times appeared more muted than expected, and Mr Farage revealed he had been receiving hospital treatment for a chronic back condition in the early stages.
What happened? Mr Farage himself failed to get elected in South Thanet, coming second to the Conservatives, and the party looks like it has gone from the two MPs it had at the end of the last parliament, to just one - Douglas Carswell in Clacton. But UKIP came third in terms of total percentage of the vote - polling at about 12.6% vote share which was up more than 9% on 2010 and equated to nearly four million votes.
Mr Farage himself said he had "never felt happier" and that a weight had been lifted off his shoulders, after losing his seat. He promised UKIP would lead the push for "real, genuine radical political reform" so Britain could "get back its democracy".
His party will also be looking to use whatever influence it has at Westminster to push for an early EU referendum where it would campaign for the UK to leave the union.
Nigel Farage resigns as UKIP leader
Job: SNP leader since 2014
Age: 44
Electoral history: Elected to the new Holyrood parliament in 1999 aged 29 as a Glasgow regional MSP. When the SNP won the Scottish elections in 2007, she became Scotland's deputy first minister and health secretary. After Scotland voted No to independence in September, she took over the SNP leadership from Alex Salmond and became Scotland's first minister.
How did her campaign go? Nicola Sturgeon was seen as the success story of the election campaign. The SNP soared in the opinion polls, triggering a Conservative attack on Ed Miliband's Labour, which faced repeated questions on how it would work with the nationalists in government. An attention-grabbing display in the first television debate boosted Ms Sturgeon's profile outside Scotland, and she followed it up by joining forces with Plaid Cymru and the Green Party to offer the Labour leader support to keep David Cameron out of Downing Street. Fearing a loss of support in England, Mr Miliband responded by ruling out any coalition or deals with the SNP.
And how did she do? Expectations were sky-high - but even so, she said, the results were "beyond her wildest dreams". Ms Sturgeon was not standing for a Westminster seat herself, but the SNP won 56 seats out of 59 in Scotland, leaving Labour, Lib Dems and the Conservatives with just one each.
Despite being unable to form a progressive alliance with other parties to "lock the Tories out", Ms Sturgeon said there was an appetite for change in Scotland and for its voice to be heard at Westminster and this was now the job of the 56 SNP MPs.
The party has faced repeated questions about whether it will push for a second independence referendum, and will have one eye on the 2016 Scottish elections.
It will certainly be pushing for constitutional reform.
SNP wins 56 seats in Scots landslide
Job: Plaid Cymru leader since 2012
Age: 43
Electoral history: First elected to the Welsh Assembly in 2003, she has also held sustainability, environment, social justice, and housing portfolios. Her party had three MPs in the last parliament, and has 11 members of the Welsh assembly and one member of the European Parliament. The party promotes a left-wing politics aimed at increasing economic prosperity and social justice, and securing an independent Wales.
How did her campaign go? With opinion polls suggesting only modest support for independence, much of Plaid's campaign was focused on alternatives to austerity. Along with Nicola Sturgeon and Natalie Bennett, the televised debates gave her a new platform and her profile rose as she vowed to use her influence at Westminster to oppose Trident renewal and keep the Conservatives out of Downing Street. She also called for funding parity with Scotland, securing the backing of Nicola Sturgeon's SNP.
And what did she achieve? Overall, Plaid's share of the vote in Wales was 12% compared to 11% in 2010. It retained three seats but failed to make gains. Ms Wood said the result was "not as bad as it could have been" and had "laid some very good foundations for the assembly elections next year".
Job: Green Party leader since 2012
Age: 49
Electoral history: Ms Bennett was one of the candidates for the London seat of Holborn and St Pancras - she came third. Under her leadership, the Greens outpolled the Liberal Democrats at the 2014 European Elections, with three MEPs, and saw a large rise in membership this year.
How did her campaign go? The Greens sought to portray themselves as a fresh voice in British politics, and Ms Bennett formed an anti-austerity alliance with the SNP and Plaid Cymru. Her party was successful in its call to be included in the televised election debates, where Ms Bennett  offered "an alternative to the politics of austerity". On the down side, there was a self-confessed "brain fade" in a radio interview when she failed to explain a key policy on house-building. The party's policies - including a universal "citizen's income" and an end to the banning of extremist groups - also came under increased scrutiny.
View from BBC correspondent June Kelly:
Natalie Bennett was one of the fresh faces of this election. Following in the trail of Caroline Lucas, an assured leader and media performer, was always going to be tough. Ms Bennett came a cropper before the campaign had begun, with a shambolic radio interview which she put down to "brain fade."
After that, her personal challenge was to demonstrate she was a competent leader with a grip on policy.
She stood in the central London seat of Holborn and St Pancras. This was safe Labour territory and she came third, ahead of the Lib Dems.
Like other leaders of the smaller parties, Natalie Bennett was given a more public platform in this ground-breaking election.
We were told voters were hungry for alternatives. The Greens' leader needed to capitalise on this and broaden the party's appeal. It appears they have increased their share of the vote, including in some of the big northern cities.
And crucially they have retained their tiny Parliamentary foothold of one MP, with Ms Lucas holding her Brighton Pavilion seat.  But with their anti-austerity message , the only way Natalie Bennett and her  party  could wield any influence at Westminster was in a Labour led coalition.
Ms Bennett has made plain that she will remain as leader.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Conflicts around the world cost $14.3tn (Â£9.1tn) last year, 13% of world GDP, says a survey on global peace.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

That amount is equivalent to the combined economies of Brazil, Canada, France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom, the report by the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) said.
The divide between the most peaceful and the least peaceful nations was deepening, the annual report added.
Iceland is the world's most peaceful nation, whilst Syria is the least.
Libya saw the most severe deterioration over the course of 2014, according to the Australia-based IEP says.
The Middle East and North Africa now ranks as the world's most violent region, overtaking South Asia which received that ranking for 2013.
Conflict killed 180,000 people in 2014, compared with 49,000 in 2010, the report said.
Deaths caused by terrorism increased by 61% in 2013, the report said, with the loss of almost 18,000 lives - mostly in just five countries, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Nigeria and Syria.
Figures compared
If the world decreased in violence by 10%, it would generate Â£1.43tn, says the IEP. This amount is equivalent to:
Source: IEP
The most surprising finding, said IEP Chief Executive Steve Killelea, was the "inequality with peace" around the world.
He said some countries in Western Europe had now reached "quite historic levels of peace", enjoying the lowest levels of murder rates and money spent on security "probably in the countries' history".
But Iraq, Syria, Nigeria, South Sudan and the Central African Republic had all become more violent in the past year, the report said.
The IEP said the total costs of conflict amounted to 13.4% of world GDP.
"Large increases in costs have occurred due to deaths from internal conflict, IDPs [internally displaced people] and refugee support, UN peacekeeping and GDP losses from conflict," the report said.
It also noted that the cost of supporting some 50 million refugees and IDPs - the largest number since WWII - had risen 267% since 2008 to $128bn.
The report also found that if global violence were to decrease by 10%, it would effectively give the world economy an additional $1.43 trillion - more than six times the amount needed to wipe out Greece's debts, and three times more than the total earnings of some 1.1bn of the world's poorest people.

Driven by China and Japan, Asia's millionaires saw their wealth jump by 10% in 2015, the firm's World Wealth Report found.
Millionaires held nearly $60 trillion (Â£40 trillion) worldwide last year, four times higher than 30 years ago.
That could rise to $100 trillion by 2025, Capgemini said.
Asia's growth in high net worth individuals - defined as having $1 million in assets - came despite slowing economic growth in China and a weak Japanese economy.
Capgemini found the growth in Asia was driven mainly by financial services, technology and health care industries.
The region's millionaires held $17.4 trillion of wealth, compared with $16.6 trillion in North America, the report said.
"If past growth rates hold, Asia-Pacific is likely to continue to be a dominant force over the next decade, representing two-fifths of the world's HNWI wealth, more than that of Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa combined," Capgemini said.
Poor performance in US equity markets slowed growth in North America to 2.3% last year, although the US still had the highest number of millionaires with 4.45 million.
Europe's millionaires saw a 4.8% increase in wealth, which was led by Spain despite the country's record unemployment.
The UK had the fifth highest number of high net worth individuals, although it only increased 1% to 553,000.
Latin American millionaires suffered a decline in net worth of 3.7%, driven by political volatility and a turbulent stock market in Brazil.
Worldwide, the wealth controlled by millionaires grew 4% last year to $58.7 trillion (Â£39.5 trillion).
Earlier this year, Oxfam found that the richest 1% now have as much wealth as the rest of the world combined.


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details!

Examples:

Given ['represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details.', 'Health officials in the Glasgow area have warned people who inject drugs about an outbreak of HIV after a near five-fold increase in the city.'] it matches with ['Represent', 'On average, about 10 new cases are diagnosed in the Greater Glasgow and Clyde area each year as a result of drug injecting.\nBut the health board said that rose to 47 last year.\nThey are now warning drug users of the dangers of sharing needles and advising anyone who injects to get tested.\nFor the first time in almost 30 years, new diagnoses of HIV related to drug injecting was at a comparable level among gay and heterosexual men.\nInvestigations into the outbreak highlighted that some drug users were sharing needles, syringes, spoons and water when preparing and injecting their drugs.\nIt has also highlighted that there is low awareness of the risks of HIV from doing so.\nDr Catriona Milosevic, consultant in public health medicine at NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde (NHSGGC), said it was "vitally important" that people who inject drugs do not share or reuse equipment.\nShe said: "This includes when injecting with close friends or partners - you can\'t guess whether someone has HIV, and they may have no symptoms and be unaware themselves.\n"Everyone involved needs to use a new set of sterile injecting equipment every single time, including needles, syringes, water, filters, and spoons, to protect themselves and others. These are all available from injecting equipment services."\nDr Milosevic said the goal was to get people drug free, but until that is achieved the focus had to be on harm reduction.\nAlthough there is no cure for HIV, there are now treatments which reduce the virus to what doctors describe as "undetectable" levels.\nDr Milosevic added: "Recent discussions have highlighted that those at risk are not aware of the huge advancements made in HIV treatment - there is still a perception that a diagnosis of HIV is a \'death sentence\'.\n"If people are diagnosed and start treatment early, which requires a test, they can have a similar life expectancy as the rest of the population."'] but not with ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Almost 3,000 cases were diagnosed in the capital out of a total of 5,042 in the country in 2015, figures from Public Health England (PHE) show.\nSince 2010 the number of cases among Londoners has risen by 163%, with 90% of those reported in 2015 among men who have sex with men.\nPHE said people were "putting themselves at risk through unsafe sex".\nSyphilis is a bacterial infection that initially causes highly infectious sores but can go on to cause serious conditions such as heart problems.\nIn most circumstances it can be treated with antibiotics but in extreme cases, the sexually transmitted infection can prove fatal.\n2,811\ncases in the capital in 2015\n2,406 cases recorded among men who have sex with men (MSM)\n36 median age of MSM diagnosed\n74% of MSM diagnosed were white\n44% of MSM diagnosed were born in the UK\nThere are about 54.7m people living in England, 8.7m of which live in London according to the Office of National Statistics.\nIn 2015, syphilis was diagnosed in all London local authorities with the highest numbers in Lambeth, Southwark, Tower Hamlets and Westminster.\nThe number of cases among heterosexual men and women has risen slightly but there was a much larger increase among men who have sex with men.\nThe group, which represents about 2% of the total London population, accounted for 2,406 of 2,811 cases in the capital.\nDr Yvonne Doyle, regional director for PHE London, said it was "worrying to see such alarming rises in syphilis year on year".\nShe said: "We are seeing large increases in cases of syphilis among men who have sex with men and they now represent 90% of syphilis cases in London.\n"Although diagnoses among heterosexuals in the capital are more stable they too continue to be higher than we would like given the effective preventative measures in place."\nShe called on people to practise safe sex, "including using condoms, regularly being tested and avoiding overlapping sexual relationships".']

Question: Scotland's media landscape is being bulldozed - transformed by digital technology, burgeoning choice, and quite a bit of politics - particularly as the future of the BBC is now in play.

The politics is also apparent in the newspaper sales figures for the first half of the year. Out this week, they show the average decline at more than 10% since the first half of last year, continuing the industry's painful downward trajectory.
Scotland on Sunday saw print sales fall more than 20%. It now has an average weekly sale of less than 25,000. It doesn't have its own staff any more, relying on a journalism pool shared with its stablemate, The Scotsman.
"SoS" is now being beaten by the only weekly "regional" paper to register a rise in print sales, according to the Audit Bureau of Circulation. The Sunday Herald looked to be on its last legs, but found a niche by backing the independence cause.
Approving "Yes" campaigners backed it, with a big lift in the back half of last year, from which it's fallen back, but still retained an average 29,000 weekly sales.
Its publisher, Newsquest, also saw a gap in the daily market for pro-independence readers. Although the figures aren't audited, we're told they're selling nearly 17,000 a day.
These are small numbers when set alongside the total sale of newspapers. The constitutional debate may have polarised opinion and changed some buying behaviour, but it can be overstated. The decline of sales in Scotland has recently been steeper than those for the rest of the UK, but the trends are similar.
Meanwhile, publishers point out there's a rise in online readership. But that's not making them enough money to sustain their cost bases. In the case of the Scotsman's figures, daily online readers are down 33% since a busy referendum period.
Those news publishers are competing with broadcasters for online readers. We've just got half year figures for STV which show  it aiming to achieve its turnaround by the end of next year.
A high priority is the desire to find a new earner from making drama series, as royalties from Taggart re-runs fade to black.
It's finding the transition and investing in new services can be expensive, with an Â£800,000 half-year loss on its two city stations, STV Glasgow and STV Edinburgh.
They're being watched by 900,000 people in the average month which, we're told, is 30% of the potential audience. The Glasgow channel is being aimed at break-even by the end of this year.
STV also lost a wad of cash by having to bail out Mirriad, a digital advertising firm in which it invested. It may have failed to raise the finance needed without the bail-out, but it's clever stuff, "advertising to the skip generation", with personalised product placement embedded in video content.
For instance, a music video might have a street scene, in which a background billboard has ads which differ, depending on who is viewing.
Advertising is not part of the BBC debate. Not yet anyway. But as the future of the licence fee is discussed, they are a sort of subliminal presence on the background billboards.
A project, financed by the BBC and published this week, sought to find out how small groups of people responded to living without the corporation's TV, radio and online content for a few days.
It concluded the group who resented having to pay the annual Â£145.50 missed it more than they expected, and some were despairing at the impact of adverts on their viewing of commercial channels.
Commissioning that research is part of the BBC's fight for its very existence, at least if you believe some of the interpretation of the government's green paper on how the next 10-year charter is going to change things. The charter is due to start from the end of next year.
We're half way through the consultation on that, and so far the UK government appears to have retreated from the early briefings to delighted print rivals that Auntie might as well be put in a retirement home, her funding clipped, with a remit to leave popular entertainment to the commercial market-place.
Culture Secretary John Whittingdale has been in Edinburgh for its International TV Festival this week, making reassuringly supportive comments about the BBC. He'll be aware that it has a lot of fans mobilised to defend it, including some formidable cultural celebrities. Some, including Armando Ianucci and Sue Perkins, used the Festival platform to sound off.
The context of the debate on the BBC's future in Scotland is, of course, rather different. The broadcaster's fans have not rushed forward to argue the case for it. The independence referendum seems to have left a bruised legacy of reluctance to engage.
It also left a legacy of a starkly changed political landscape, to which the BBC has to respond, even if Mr Whittingdale's green paper didn't make much of it.
The document only noted the Smith Commission's agreement that the BBC should be answerable to Holyrood on a similar basis to its accountability at Westminster (note that it's accountable for its management and use of resources, rather than its output and journalism).
On the pro-independence side, there's some tacit awareness that the broadcasting section was hardly the most compelling part of the Scottish government white paper. It proposed a new Scottish broadcaster while somehow ensuring that all the popular BBC stuff was retained.
Less tacit are vociferous critics of the BBC's political coverage, including pro-independence websites and bloggers, some threatening mass non-payment of the licence fee.
Having mobilised protests outside the BBC last year, that element continues to be fired up by Alex Salmond, in his newspaper column and promoting his book, with ever stronger condemnations of the BBC's referendum coverage.
The body set up to represent viewers, listeners and readers, the Audience Council of Scotland, took 10 months to produce a report that reflected on the referendum. When it did, it was both supportive and quite challenging of the corporation's coverage.
It said online was of "exceptional quality" (including something called "expert economic analysis" - though if there was, I missed it). But it also said coverage failed to respond to the change in campaigning style, as grass roots and social media played such a significant role.
The Council pointed to "an opportunity to review issues in the light of experience in the referendum", though it stopped short of explicitly calling for one.
So that was the complex background to Alex Salmond's successor, previously with little to say on the subject, setting out her thoughts on broadcasting, and the BBC in particular, with a speech at the TV festival.
Nicola Sturgeon said she approached the subject with trepidation. Her speech was very carefully worded. It's hard to believe this was anything like the speech Alex Salmond would have delivered.
Criticism of the BBC's campaign coverage last year was measured. The first minister said she saw no "institutional bias", and praised at least some BBC Scotland journalism.
She went on to argue that there was a failure to strike the right balance between holding independence plans up to scrutiny on a parallel basis with the prospects for remaining within the UK.
"The status quo and the consequences of voting 'No' were not really analysed at all," she claimed, voicing the irritation of those who feel there wasn't a level playing field.
And she cited the Audience Council in support of her view that London-based journalists had failed to catch the mood of Scots audiences. Their broad brush reports jarred, it was argued, with the detailed scrutiny of issues that had long been debated at every level of Scottish society.
BBC management responded to her speech with a statement beginning: "We believe our coverage of the referendum was rigorously impartial and in line with our guidelines on fairness and impartiality".
The Sturgeon speech then turned its focus on the future. For her followers, it's worth noting a change of direction - no longer talk of a Scottish Broadcasting Service splitting from the BBC, but a federal structure.
The design appears to allow for either devolution or independence. That way, it helps to disarm Ms Sturgeon's constitutional opponents in their claims that an independent Scotland would be deprived of Eastenders, Strictly Come Dancing and Sir David Attenborough.
The governance requires a Scottish board of overseers, she said, while the output requires a Scottish TV channel (in addition to BBC Alba in Gaelic), and a sibling station for BBC Radio Scotland.
Her most forthright criticism was of the BBC's past attempts to avoid becoming a leader of constitutional change by refusing the pressure to split its flagship network news coverage, at 6 and 10 o'clock, for a different perspective from Scotland for Scots.
"The criticism that should be levied at the BBC is not that it has tried to lead constitutional change," said the first minister. "It is that it has totally failed to follow it.
"The UK has changed dramatically since devolution, but broadcasters are still catching up with its consequences. And although that poses questions for all public service broadcasters, the issue is maybe most acute with the BBC."
The message was aimed at Mr Whittingdale to some extent, but more so at the BBC. So how will it respond?
Last month, the official answer to concerns about a lack of trust was to point to large audiences for the flagship news programme, Reporting Scotland. And even last month, these were "early days" for a debate about changes to governance.
Not any longer. Not with a BBC Trust survey finding that only 48% of Scots think that the corporation reflects their lives. That's lower than other parts of the UK.
That BBC spokesman's reaction to the first minister's speech continued: "We recognise that there is audience demand for greater representation and portrayal of Scottish audiences on all BBC services and we want this to be part of our response in charter review.
"The BBC's funding has now been set for the next five years and this will mean cuts across the BBC.
"We will have to balance our investment on pan-UK services with dedicated services in the Nations (Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland). We will aim to protect spending in the Nations so that content investment is cut less than in other parts of the BBC."
Expect more on that from the Beeb next month. With the first minister's speech, an important debate on the future of the media in Scotland has only (at last) just begun.

It's really rare to do so after taking on a company that was not expected to last as long as a decade without succumbing to structural change or hostile takeover.
STV Group chief executive Rob Woodward's approach to the job he is standing down from after 10 years has appeared relaxed while very focused. He stripped away the remaining parts of what had been Scottish Media Group.
The company has stopped harking back to its launch, 60 years ago, when Scottish Television was described by its founding chairman as as "a licence to print money".
It had to become less of a couthy institution.
With the fracturing multi-channel TV audience, a commercial Scottish channel carrying its regulatory requirements seemed like it would be buried by BBC competition, dependence on ITV content, the arrival of more nimble commercial competition, and a financial crash that took down much of its advertising revenue.
It has not been an easy path. The relationship with ITV went badly wrong for a while. Woodward gambled on refusing to take expensive ITV drama, and had to admit defeat.
The demise of police drama Taggart as a money-earner has yet to be replaced.  The drive towards becoming an independent producer for other channels has been bumpy and fallen short of expectations.
But STV has survived, and is in fairly robust health - the only part of the channel 3 network that is independent of ITV.
It has refocused on its online news and entertainment, learning quickly that the plan to go hyper-local with hundreds of parish pump news sites was not going to work, and changing tack.
Its video-on-demand is growing by 23% in the first five months of this year.
Scotland Tonight has been a notable success, seeing off its BBC rival in the same time slot.
And Woodward has taken the opportunity of new licences for local TV, deftly turning them from city stations into a new national network, and beating the BBC to an integrated TV news programme.
STV2, launched on Monday, may not be quite the spirit intended when the licences were handed out. It may not have much of a budget. But so far, it's been proving a smarter business than others who won the right to give local TV a try.
Ten years is often seen as an appropriate time for a chief executive to move on, for reasons of good governance.
But one other reason why Mr Woodward may be thinking of getting out of his Clydeside office is the appearance among his shareholders of an investment fund called Crystal Amber.
It has just raised its stake to 14% of STV shares. That's in addition to 21% of shares in Johnston Press.
Why? Richard Bernstein, who runs the fund from London and Guernsey, isn't saying. But Crystal Amber is an activist investor.
As Ashley Highfield is finding at Johnston Press in Edinburgh, its interest in a stock may help support the price, but it can also be a warning of turbulence ahead.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Ian Bell remains an important part of the England Test team, says director of cricket Andrew Strauss.

The 33-year-old batsman said he would "take stock" when asked about his future on Sunday as England celebrated a 3-2 Ashes series win over Australia.
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"If he's got the motivation and drive to continue, then he's still got an important part to play," said Strauss.
"We know the number of high-quality performances we've seen from him over the years."
Warwickshire right-hander Bell has now played in five Ashes-winning teams, in which time he has scored more than 7,500 Test runs for England in 115 games.
He was moved up to number three in the batting order this summer, but his form has slumped - he averaged 26.87 against Australia in this series compared to 62.44 in the last Ashes series on home soil in 2013.
"He's at the stage of his career when he'll be thinking about what his future looks like," Strauss, who played alongside Bell for England and captained him for three years, told BBC Radio 5 live.
"For all those players who played an important part in the Ashes, it's time to sit down and take a couple of days off reliving the whole series in their mind without all the pressure on their shoulders."
Captain Alastair Cook said after England's Ashes win: "Ian is a class player and I hope he's around for a few more years."
England play away series against Pakistan in the United Arab Emirates and South Africa this winter.
Strauss added: "Those two locations in particular are very tough.
"We have to play a lot better than we have done this summer and make some big improvements in a short space of time.
"After the winter, it will be a good gauge of where we are as a Test-playing nation."

Former Australia batsman Di Venuto, 42, replaced Graham Ford at the Oval in February and helped his side reach the final of the One-Day Cup last season.
Meanwhile, ex-Surrey and England player Vikram Solanki has been appointed as an assistant coach.
The 40-year-old, who retired in 2015, captained Surrey's second team last season as a designated non-batsman.
Former England and Glamorgan coach Rob Ahmun has also joined the club, working as head of strength and conditioning.
"The addition of Vik and Rob further strengthens the quality of our management and coaching staff," director of cricket Alec Stewart said.


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Question: The former president of the Maldives, Mohamed Nasheed, has been granted refugee status in the UK, according to his lawyer.

Nasheed, the opposition leader, was controversially jailed for 13 years under anti-terror laws last year.
He was allowed to travel to the UK to receive treatment on his spine.
His lawyer Hasan Latheef said Nasheed had been granted political refugee status, but the British government has not commented.
A former human rights campaigner, Nasheed became the nation's first democratically elected leader in 2008, ending three decades of rule by former strongman Maumoon Abdul Gayoom.
Why did the Maldives release its most famous prisoner?
In 2012, he was detained after being accused of ordering the arrest of a judge. He resigned months later amid an army mutiny and public protests over the judge's fate.
Nasheed alleged that he had been removed by a coup, but this was denied by his vice-president, who replaced him.
The current President, Abdulla Yameen, was elected in controversial polls in 2013 and is the half-brother of Mr Gayoom.
"Given the slide towards authoritarianism in the Maldives, myself and other opposition politicians feel we have no choice but to work in exile - for now," said a statement issued by Nasheed's office on Monday.
The Maldives foreign ministry said it feared Nasheed had used the request for medical treatment as a way to get out of his prison term.
It said the government was awaiting confirmation asylum had been granted. If confirmed, the Maldives government "would be disappointed the UK government is allowing itself to be part of this charade, and further, is enabling an individual to circumvent his obligations under the law", the statement said.

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Police removed hard discs from Sangu TV's studios in the capital Male.
The video reportedly shows three masked men issuing a death threat against the president.
President Yameen imposed a state of emergency on Wednesday after the military said it found a bomb in a vehicle near the presidential palace.
"The station has come to a complete standstill," Sangu TV's managing director Ibrahim Waheed said.
"They turned the whole office upside down in search of evidence. The office safe has also been broken into and searched. They've taken all the hard drives of all our computer systems."
He added that was certain Sangu TV's staff and management had not uploaded the video, Minivan News reported.
The court sanctioned the raid because of police intelligence reports and information received from YouTube, the warrant states.
The video - which was previously dismissed as fake by Maldivian authorities - allegedly shows three masked men issuing a death threat to the president and his former deputy Ahmed Adeeb, with the Islamic State flag in the background.
Maldives crisis in 60 seconds
The men reportedly give the president and Mr Adeeb 30 days to agree to their terms, which include a call on the government to release the president of the Adhaalath Party, Sheikh Imran Abdulla, who is awaiting trial for terrorism charges.
"We are calling you to release Imran immediately without any terms or conditions," one man allegedly says.
The men also call for the withdrawal of the anti-terrorism bill from parliament, adding that failure to comply would result in "deadly attacks" for which the president and his deputy would be responsible.
There are growing concerns about radicalisation in the Maldives. According to local media, dozens of Maldivian nationals have joined IS, and at least five have died.
Political infighting has led to growing unrest. On Wednesday, the country's parliament voted to remove Vice-President Ahmed Adeeb from office after he was charged with treason in connection with an explosion on the president's boat.
He denies trying to kill the president.
The country's first democratically-elected president, Mohamed Nasheed, was jailed in March on terrorism charges, following a rushed trial which the UN says was seriously flawed. President Yameen rejected a UN call for Mr Nasheed's release.