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Question: A chronology of key events:

7th and 8th Centuries AD - Arab invasion; Idris founds the first major Muslim dynasty.
10-17th Centuries - Dynasties and religious movements come and go, including the Almoravid movement which at its peak controlled Morocco and parts of present-day Algeria and Spain.
1860 - Dispute over Spain's Ceuta enclave; Spain declares war, wins a further enclave and an enlarged Ceuta in the settlement.
1884 - Spain creates a protectorate in coastal areas of Morocco.
1904 - France and Spain carve out zones of influence.
1906 - Algeciras Conference in Spain; France and Spain get the go-ahead to police Moroccan ports and collect customs fees.
1912 - Morocco becomes a French protectorate under the Treaty of Fez, administered by a French Resident-General. Spain continues to operate its coastal protectorate. The sultan has a largely figurehead role.
1921-6 - Tribal rebellion in Rif mountains is suppressed by French and Spanish troops.
1943 - Istiqlal - Party of Independence - founded to press for independence.
1956 March - End of French protectorate after unrest and strong nationalist sentiment. Spain keeps its two coastal enclaves. Sultan Mohammed becomes king in 1957.
1961 - Death of King Mohammed; King Hassan II comes to power.
1963 - First general elections.
1965 - Social unrest: King Hassan declares a state of emergency and suspends parliament.
1971 - Failed attempt to depose king and establish republic.
1973 - Polisario movement formed, aims to establish an independent state in Spanish Sahara, a territory south of Morocco controlled by Spain. The group has Algerian support.
1975 6 November - The Green March: King Hassan orders 350,000 civilian volunteers to cross into Spanish Sahara.
1975 December - Spain agrees to leave Spanish Sahara, soon to become Western Sahara, and to transfer it to joint Moroccan-Mauritanian control. Algeria objects and threatens military intervention. Moroccan forces enter and occupy the territory.
Western Sahara profile
'Africa's last colony'
1976 - Moroccan and Algerian troops clash in Western Sahara. Algeria announces the formation of the Saharawi Arab Democratic Republic (SADR) with a government-in-exile. Morocco and Mauritania divide-up Western Sahara.
1976 onwards - Fighting between Moroccan military and Polisario forces; the war is a considerable financial drain on Morocco.
1983 - Summit between King Hassan and Algerian president prompts thaw in relations.
1983 - King cancels planned elections amid political unrest and economic crisis.
1984 - Morocco leaves the Organisation of African Unity in protest at the SADR's admission to the body. Polisario claims to have killed more than 5,000 Moroccan soldiers between 1982-85.
1988 - Resumption of full diplomatic relations with Algeria.
1991 - UN-monitored ceasefire begins in Western Sahara, but the territory's status remains undecided and ceasefire violations are reported. The following decade sees much wrangling over a proposed referendum on the future of the territory but the deadlock is not broken.
1998 - Morocco's first opposition-led government comes to power.
1999 - King Hassan II is succeeded by his son, Mohammed VI.
2001 November - King Mohammed starts a controversial tour of Western Sahara, the first by a Moroccan monarch for a decade.
2002 July - Morocco and Spain agree to US-brokered resolution over the disputed island of Perejil. Spanish troops had taken the normally-uninhabited island after Moroccan soldiers landed on it and set up tents and a flag.
2002 December - Morocco and Spain hold their first talks since their conflict over Perejil. In January 2003 they agree to return ambassadors.
2003 February - Casablanca court jails three Saudi members of al-Qaeda for 10 years after they were accused of plotting to attack US and British warships in the Straits of Gibraltar.
2003 May - More than 40 killed when suicide bombers attack several sites in Casablanca, including a Spanish restaurant and Jewish community centre.
2004 February - Powerful earthquake hits the north; more than 500 people are killed.
2004 July - Free trade agreement with the US comes into effect. It follows Washington's designation of Morocco as a major non-Nato ally.
2005 September-October - Hundreds of African migrants try to storm Morocco's borders with the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. Morocco deports hundreds of the illegal migrants.
2005 December - Truth commission investigating human rights abuses during the rule of King Hassan II says 592 people were killed between 1956-99.
2006 January - Spanish Premier Zapatero visits the Spanish enclaves of Melilla and Ceuta. He's the first Spanish leader in 25 years to make an official visit to the territories.
2007 April - Three suspected suicide bombers blow themselves up in Casablanca, a few weeks after a suicide blast in an internet cafe weeks earlier.
Two suicide bombers blow themselves up outside US diplomatic offices in Casablanca.
Morocco unveils an autonomy blueprint for Western Sahara to the United Nations. Independence movement Polisario rejects the plan and puts forwards its own proposal.
2007 June - Morocco and the Polisario Front hold UN-sponsored talks in New York but fail to come to any agreement.
2007 September - Parliamentary elections. The conservative Istiqlal party, a member of the ruling coalition, wins the most votes.
2007 November - Spanish King Juan Carlos visits Ceuta and Melilla, angering Morocco which demands the return of the enclaves.
2008 April - Spanish police arrest two Moroccans wanted over 2003 Casablanca bombings, plan extradition.
2008 September - Fouad Ali al-Himma, a confidant of King Mohammed, forms an alliance around his new Authenticity and Modernity Party. The party has the potential to dominate parliament.
Court sentences more than 40 people to long prison sentences over Casablanca internet cafe suicide bombing that injured three.
2008 December - Two Moroccan men, Abdelilah Ahriz and Hicham Ahmidan, sentenced to 20 and 10 years in jail respectively in Morocco over Madrid train bombings of 2004.
2009 February - Islamist Saad Housseini given 15-year sentence over 2003 Casablanca bombings that killed 45 people. Also wanted in Spain over Madrid bombings.
2009 July - Alleged al-Qaeda leader in Morocco, Belgian-Moroccan Abdelkader Belliraj, imprisoned for life on being found guilty of leading an Islamist militant group and committing six murders in Belgium.
2010 November - Security forces storm a protest camp in disputed territory of Western Sahara, triggering violent demonstrations in regional capital Elayoun.
2011 February - Thousands of people rally in Rabat and other cities calling for political reform and a new constitution curbing the powers of the king.
2011 April - 17 people - mainly foreigners - are killed in a bomb attack on a Marrakech cafe. It is Morocco's deadliest blast in eight years. The Maghreb arm of al-Qaeda denies involvement.
2011 July - King Mohammed scores a landslide victory in a referendum on a reformed constitution he proposed to placate "Arab Spring" protests. Demonstrators continue to call for deeper reforms.
2011 October - Court sentences man to death for bombing of tourist cafe in Marrakech in April.
2011 November - Parliamentary elections won by moderate Islamist Justice and Development Party (PJD).
2012 January - New coalition headed by PJD leader Abdelilah Benkirane is installed.
2012 May - Tens of thousands take part in Casablanca trade union rally, the largest since the new government took office in January. Participants accuse Prime Minister Benkirane of failing to deliver on reforms.
King Mohammed VI, right, meets Spain's King Juan Carlos on his state visit to Morocco in July 2013. The trip reflected close ties between Morocco and its biggest trading partner.
2013 January - Government backs changing penal code article that allows rapists of underage girls to avoid prosecution by marrying their victims. Follows suicide of 16-year-old girl forced to marry her rapist.
2013 April - Morocco cancels joint military exercises with the US over Washington's backing for UN monitoring of human rights in Western Sahara. Morocco calls the proposed monitoring an attack on its sovereignty.
2013 October - King appoints new government following a power-sharing deal forged by Prime Minister Abdelila Benkirane months after his governing coalition was hit by the resignation of one of its partners.
2013 September - News site editor Ali Anouzla arrested for publishing a video which was attributed to Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb and which accused the king of being corrupt and oppressive.
2014 February - Morocco suspends judicial co-operation with France following a diplomatic row over lawsuits in Paris that accuse the kingdom's intelligence chief Abdellatif Hammouchi of complicity in torture.
2014 May - Spain says a thousand migrants tried to enter the Spanish territory of Melilla, in North Africa, from Morocco.
The UN High Commissioner for Human Rights during a visit urges Morocco to do more to improve its human rights record.
2014 October - Morocco summons the Algerian ambassador after a shooting incident at the border. The borders between Morocco and Algeria have been closed since 1994, and relations have remained tense because of the longstanding dispute over the territory of Western Sahara.
2014 November - Morocco is disqualified from the 2015 African Cup of Nations after refusing to host the tournament over concerns about the spread of ebola.
2015 March - Government says security services dismantle network of militants linked to Islamic State group.
2015 February - Authorities destroy makeshift migrant camps near the Spanish enclave of Melilla, after hundreds storm the border fence trying to reach Europe.
2016 March - Morocco expels more than 80 UN staff in Western Sahara, reacting angrily to UN Secretary-General Ban Ki-moon's use of the word "occupation" to describe Rabat's 1975 annexation of the area.
2016 October - Parliamentary elections. King picks Abdelilah Benkirane for a second term as prime minister after his party wins the most seats.

A selection of photos from across the African continent this week:


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Question: A fresh appeal has been made over the murder of a 14-year-old girl who went missing in Blackpool 12 years ago - and a £100,000 reward remains on offer.

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Charlene Downes disappeared near the town's North Pier on 1 November 2003.
Police believe Charlene, whose body has never been found, was one of a number of girls who were groomed for sex.
Officers from Lancashire Police have so far taken more than 4,800 witness statements and more than 10,500 lines of inquiry have been generated.
Det Supt Andy Webster said: "I want to make it clear that we have never given up our search to find her and establish exactly what happened to her.
"We are determined to identify who is responsible for her murder and have a full team of detectives and staff dedicated solely to this investigation."
Any reward would be paid from the Proceeds of Crime Fund, which is financed by money and assets seized from criminal activity.
"I firmly believe that there are people who know what happened to her but have not come forward to speak to the police," Det Supt Webster said.
The conviction of a man in the case of another Blackpool teenager whose body has never been found proves the force is "committed to investigating historic crimes no matter how many years have passed", he said.
Robert Ewing, 60, of Kincraig Place, Bispham, was convicted in July of murdering Paige Chivers, who was reported missing in August 2007.
Gareth Dewhurst, 46, of Duncan Avenue, Bispham, was found guilty of helping dispose of her body.

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Una Crown's body was found stabbed and burned in Wisbech on 13 January.
A 58-year-old man was arrested later that month and bailed pending further enquiries, but police said he will now receive no further action.
A man who subsequently burgled Mrs Crown's boarded up bungalow after her murder was jailed last week at Cambridge Crown Court.
A post-mortem examination concluded Mrs Crown, who lived on Magazine Lane, had been stabbed repeatedly, including through the heart and lungs.
Her body had then been set alight in what police believe was an attempt to cover up the murder.
She had not been seen alive since 11 January, but had spoken to a friend by telephone at about 17:00 GMT.
Three men were seen near her home late on the Saturday night. Her body was discovered the next day.
The charity Crimestoppers has offered a ??10,000 reward for information which leads to the conviction of her killer.


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Question: Many schools in Wales have clamped down on lunch second helpings for pupils in the fight against child obesity.

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A BBC Wales survey has found a number of councils now leave the decision on extra servings to schools or caterers.
Powys bans pudding as seconds, Cardiff schools are urged to offer only extra bread, and Ceredigion extras are small, bringing complaints from hungry pupils.
But the Welsh government says it would never want children left hungry, and it will issue new guidance next year.
School meal policy varies in many areas of Wales, and here are some examples. For more detail, see the table at the foot of this article.
BBC Wales asked education authorities about school meals, and 18 of the 22 responded. But while all said children are still allowed to ask for seconds, they may get a different response depending on where they live.
Powys Council says its cooks must use their "discretion" when offering extra food, and while its schools are allowed to serve any leftover vegetables and bread, puddings as seconds are off the menu. Powys also says catering managers advise cooks and rely on their "discretion and understanding".
But some pupils and parents have complained about these restrictions, which follow the adoption of the Welsh government's Appetite for Life programme, which aims to raise nutritional standards and help tackle childhood obesity.
There have also been complaints about the size of portions for primary school pupils. They have protested that 10-11-year-olds will need more food than a four-year-old.
Figures from earlier this year show more than 28% of five-year-olds in Wales are overweight, with 12.5% of children classed as obese. Wales has a bigger problem than either England or Scotland.
The standards have been in force in primary schools since September 2012, and were introduced across  secondary schools at the start of this term.
One Welsh assembly member from Powys is so concerned he carried out his own survey of the county's primary schools. Russell George says only one school which responded to his letter said it was satisfied with the current meals policy.
Mr George says most schools also have concerns about portion size, "with many older children complaining that they remained hungry following their school meal".
The Montgomeryshire Conservative AM says one school did its own survey of parents: 67% said portions were too small, almost all - 93% - wanted their children to have seconds, and 10% stopped using school meals because of portion sizes.
Mr George is urging a "common sense" approach to meals in primary schools.
Education Minister Huw Lewis has echoed those words and wants "a large dose of common sense" to be used in interpreting the guidelines.
He told AMs last month the guidelines are flexible and "offer a proper nutritional balance for our young people, and that is something that we have been working towards for a long time, and now we have it. So, the guidelines matter but so does common sense".
In response to BBC Wales' findings, a Welsh government spokesperson said: "We would never want to see children having school meals going hungry.
"We have provided schools with suggested portion sizes which cater for changing nutritional requirements as children get older. So, for example, a child in year 6 would have a larger portion than a child in reception."
"Local authorities and many schools have worked hard over the years to improve the quality of food and drink provided in schools, in line with the Appetite for Life recommended standards.
"However, in the absence of legislation, there has been a variable rollout across schools. As a consequence, not all schools were achieving the recommended standards. The Healthy Eating in Schools Regulations now require compliance by schools; giving children and young people a healthy balance of food and drink throughout the entire school day.
"Statutory guidance on the Healthy Eating in Schools Regulations is currently being prepared and will be issued in the new year."

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Leicester East MP Keith Vaz has written to the city council asking it to become the first in the country to run sugar-free canteens.
Mr Vaz said: "I think it is very important people understand that sugar is not good for their health."
Assistant mayor Vi Dempster said there was "always more that can be done" to reduce sugar in school meals.
Mr Vaz, a Labour MP and chairman of the Home Affairs committee, said: "We have sugar available quite freely in drinks and food in our schools and with the obesity rates that we have got it is very important that we act immediately.
"In the average vending machine, you will see hundreds of teaspoons of sugar masquerading as cans of drinks and sweets."
BBC Food
Mr Vaz, who has diabetes, said it made "economic sense" to ban sugar as it would "save a lot of money" treating people with obesity and type two diabetes.
Ms Dempster added: "I agree with Keith.  It is an incredibly important issue, not just in terms of obesity and diabetes but also children's behaviour in the classroom and dental decay.
"I think it is reasonable to ban fizzy drinks and sweets but there is a lot of work already being done in schools and there is a lot more that can be done."
In 2010, a Surrey school banned students from drinking high-caffeine energy drinks.
Mr Vaz asked David Cameron during Prime Minister's questions earlier in January to join him in the "war on sugar" by giving up sugar and sugary drinks for one day.
Mr Cameron said he would accept the challenge, adding: "If I possibly can".


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Question: Wolves winger Ben Marshall is convinced that the Championship strugglers will get out of trouble if they simply keep believing in each other.

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Paul Lambert's side ended ended a six-game losing run in all competitions when they drew 0-0 at Mick McCarthy's Ipswich Town on Tuesday.
They are just a point clear of trouble going into Saturday's key home game against bottom club Rotherham United.
But Marshall remains upbeat, telling BBC WM: "I'm sure we'll be all right."
Saturday's seemingly doomed Molineux visitors Rotherham are 19 points adrift of safety at the foot of the Championship table, having picked up just one away point out of a possible 54 this season.
"We've just got to keep believing," Marshall said. "I'm sure as soon as we get that win and get some confidence, we'll kick on.
"Team spirit is good. You go in the dressing room and you wouldn't think we are where we are.
"People can see the performances are there. We're just lacking someone to put the ball in the back of the net.
"We've now just got to take parts of our performance into Saturday," added Marshall, 25, who joined in January from Blackburn Rovers, now one of Wolves' main relegation rivals.
Ben Marshall was talking to BBC WM's Mike Taylor.

The 20-year-old scored five goals in 14 League One games for Shrewsbury earlier this term after joining on a four-month youth loan from Palace in September.
And he has now hit a further four goals in three starts since returning to the relegation-threatened League One club.
"Tell me who's better than him in that Under-21 team?" asked Mellon.
"Look at the qualities he has. A young English talent who can score the kind of goals he has for us for so long now.
"He's exciting for the fans and he makes back fours bend with his pace, trickery, directness and his desire to score.
"And he works his socks off. He comes with Premier League standards because that's what he's used to, and it rubs off on everyone else."
Glaswegian Micky Mellon has a deserved reputation for talent-spotting, given the part he played in helping to shape Jamie Vardy's path to the top four years ago.
He signed him for Fleetwood Town on the cheap from FC Halifax in the summer of 2011 before moving him on to Leicester City the following summer, having scored 34 goals to fire the Cod Army into the Football League.
Now he believes that Kaikai, who scored on his only appearance to date for Palace - in the League Cup against Newcastle United in September 2014 - has a lot more to give.
"I want to see a successful England team, even as a Scotsman," added Mellon. "I want to see brilliant players playing for England and I can't believe he hasn't even had a whisper."
Sullay Kaikai's four goals in three starts - including both in the 2-2 draw at Bury last Saturday - mean that he is now Town's nine-goal top scorer.
And, having already helped the Town move eight points clear of trouble in League One, the on-loan South Londoner man admits it is a different Shrewsbury from the struggling, confidence-sapped side he joined earlier in the season.
"The team is now full of confidence," he told BBC Radio Shropshire.
"We go into every game feeling like we're going to win. We're creating lots of chances and it's just about taking them and getting the points.
"We just take each game as it comes and we don't want to get ahead of ourselves too soon. So we'll go into the next game with a winning mentality."


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Question: A Tory MP has apologised to an SNP colleague for making a "woof" noise at her in the House of Commons.

Sir Nicholas Soames made the outburst at Tasmina Ahmed-Sheikh during a statement by the Foreign Secretary on US immigration policy.
Sir Nicholas said he offered the "friendly canine salute" because he felt she "snapped" at Boris Johnson.
But he apologised after she complained the noises were "extremely disrespectful".
Ms Ahmed-Sheikh, the SNP Westminster spokeswoman for trade and investment, raised a point of order with House of Commons Speaker John Bercow after the comment.
She said: "I understand that Sir Nicholas, who has always afforded me courtesy and respect, was making sort of 'woof woof'-sounding noises to what I was saying, which I find of course extremely disrespectful."
Asked to set the record straight, Sir Nicholas, a grandson of Sir Winston Churchill, said: "I thought that in her question to the Foreign Secretary she snapped at him a bit at the end, so I offered her a friendly canine salute in return.
"No offence was intended and I apologise to the Honourable Lady if she was offended."

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Dawn Butler told BBC 5 Radio Live she was in a members-only lift when an unnamed Commons member told her: "This lift really isn't for cleaners."
The Labour MP for Brent Central said it had been one of "so many incidents" of racism she had encountered while in Parliament.
The 46-year-old became an MP in 2005 and was re-elected last year.
More on this story and other news from London
Former London mayor Ken Livingstone said that for Ms Butler to be confronted in such a manner was "ridiculous" as "she was elected years ago" and "gets up and speaks" in the chamber.
Ms Butler, the daughter of Jamaican immigrants, has previously described other instances of racism in the Commons.
Writing for the Fawcett Society in 2008, she said she was once confronted by a former minister who queried whether she was allowed in the members area on the terrace.
She wrote that when she told him she was an MP, he replied: "They're letting anybody in nowadays."


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Question: "A stab in Russia's back by the accomplices of terrorists."

President Putin's phrase leapt from the front pages of Russian newspapers on Wednesday morning, along with furious commentary on Turkey's downing of a Russian fighter plane.
"Vladimir Putin has warned Erdogan about the consequences," another headline roared, as Russians absorbed the news that one of the pilots on board the Su-24 jet had been killed.
Worse still, he was shot at as he attempted to parachute to safety from his burning plane. A marine was then killed during a rescue attempt.
Since the start of its air strikes in Syria almost two months ago, Russia has received repeated warnings from Turkey over border violations.
This time, Russia insists its jet never left Syrian airspace though it has yet to produce what it calls the "objective" proof of that.
But even by Ankara's reckoning, the plane was only over Turkish territory for 17 seconds, raising questions here about the scale of the response.
Turkey, the argument goes, was under no threat.
An angry crowd surrounded the Turkish embassy today, throwing eggs and stones, yelling at those inside they were "murderers".
"Every country understands that hitting a military jet can start a war," politician Gennady Gudkov told Ekho Moskvy radio station, saying that is why every possible warning step is taken before shooting a plane down.
Many commentators here have cast doubt whether that happened in this case.
"There was no warning. Not via radio, or visually. There was no contact at all," the surviving co-pilot of the plane told journalists, safely back at Russia's airbase in Syria after his emergency mid-air ejection.
He says the jet was shot down from behind.
"If they had wanted to warn us, then they could have shown themselves - flown in parallel," Captain Murakhtin said.
Unconfirmed audio recordings have now been released by the Turkish military, said to be orders for the plane to change course. But the co-pilot insists he did not enter Turkish airspace "even for a second".
Russia's foreign minister has called the decision to shoot down the plane a "planned provocation", without speculating on Turkey's supposed motive.
But President Putin has already accused Ankara of siding with Islamic State (IS) by hitting the Russian jet; he also claimed some in Turkey are benefitting from the illicit sale of IS oil exports.
Clearly furious, he has threatened "serious consequences". After all, these are the first military casualties for Russia since air strikes began in Syria.
But so far concrete measures have been limited.
Russia has broken off military contacts with Turkey but diplomatic channels remain open.
The foreign minister spent a fraught hour on the phone to his Turkish counterpart today, but his conclusion was critical: "We do not intend to go to war with Turkey," Sergei Lavrov assured the world.
Instead, ministries have been ordered to report back to the Kremlin on any projects involving Turkey, for a decision on possible sanctions.
The future of a pipeline project could be in doubt and there have been calls for flights to Turkey to be suspended.
Meanwhile, tourists have been warned against travelling there for "security reasons". Last year, Turkey was the destination of choice for over three million Russian holidaymakers.
On the ground inside Syria the changes have been more immediate.
A cruiser has been despatched to help bolster air defences around the Russian base.
The sophisticated S400 anti aircraft system is also being deployed and Russian planes will now be protected on bombing raids by fighter jets.
The message to Turkey and its allies is clear: don't dare try it again.
As for the rescued co-pilot, he says he is impatient to return to the skies.
"I want to stay here," he said, referring to the Russian airbase. "I want payback for my commander."

Mr Trump's belief in American traditionalism and dislike of scrutiny echo the Kremlin's tune: nation, power and aversion to criticism are the new (and very Russian) world order.
You could call this mindset Trumputinism.
The echo between the Kremlin and Trump Tower is strong, getting louder and very, very good news for Mr Putin.
As Trump signalled to Michael Gove on Monday, a new nuclear arms reduction deal seems to be in the offing linked to a review of sanctions against Russia.
The dog that did not bark in the night is Mr Trump's peculiar absence of criticism of Mr Putin, for example, on the Russian hacking of American democracy, his land-grab of Crimea and his role in the continuing war in Eastern Ukraine.
What is odd is that Mr Trump, in his tweets, favours the Russia line over, say, the CIA and the rest of the American intelligence community.
But why on earth criticise the world leader with whom you most agree?
Three men have egged along Trumputinism: Nigel Farage, who is clear that the European Union is a far bigger danger to world peace than Russia; his friend, Steve Bannon, who is now Mr Trump's chief strategist; and a Russian "penseur", Alexander Dugin.
With his long hair and iconic Slavic looks, Mr Dugin is variously described as "Putin's Brain" or "Putin's Rasputin".
He has his own pro-Kremlin TV show which pumps out Russian Orthodox supremacy in a curious mixture of Goebbels-style rhetoric and Songs of Praise.
Mr Dugin is widely believed to have the ear of the Kremlin.
He is also under Western sanctions for the ferocity of his statements in favour of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, which has cost 10,000 lives to date.
Messrs Farage, Bannon and Dugin are all united that the greatest danger for Western civilisation lies in Islamist extremism.
Mr Bannon aired his views in a right-wing mindfest on the fringes of the Vatican in 2014.
He claimed that so-called Islamic State has a Twitter account "about turning the United States into a 'river of blood'".
"Trust me, that is going to come to Europe," he added. "On top of that we're now, I believe, at the beginning stages of a global war against Islamic fascism."
The danger is that in allying yourself with the Kremlin in the way they fight "Islamist fascism" in say, Aleppo, you end up siding with what some have called "Russian fascism" or, at least, abandoning democratic values and the rules of war and, in so doing, become a recruiting sergeant for ISIS.
It is a risk on which Mr Dugin does not seem willing to reflect. My interview with him in Moscow did not end well.
First, he dismissed the chances that the Russians hacked American democracy as "strictly zero".
I asked him about the depth of Mr Putin's commitment to democracy.
"Please be careful," he responded. "You could not teach us democracy because you try to impose to every people, every state, every society, their Western, American or so-called American system of values without asking…and it is absolutely racist; you are racist."
Too many of Mr Putin's critics end up dead - around 20 since he took power in 2000.
I have met and admired three: Anna Politkovskaya, Natasha Estemirova and Boris Nemtsov.
Mr Nemtsov was shot just outside the Kremlin's walls.
I asked Mr Dugin what his death told us about Russian democracy.
"If you are engaged in Wikileaks you can be murdered," he countered.
I then invited Mr Dugin to list the American journalists who have died under Barack Obama.
Mr Dugin did not oblige but told me that ours was a "completely stupid kind of conversation" and walked out of the interview.
Later, he posted a blog to his 20,000 followers, illustrated with my photograph and accusing me of manufacturing "fake news" and calling me "an utter cretin... a globalist swine".
Such is the language of the new world order.
A few days later I watched the press conference when Mr Trump closed down a question from a CNN reporter by accusing him of manufacturing "fake news".
Under Trumputinism, the echo between Russia and America is getting louder by the day.
Panorama: The Kremlin Candidate? BBC One, 8.30pm, Monday, January 16.  If you miss it, you can catch up later online.


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Question: The European Union is preparing to spend hundreds of millions of euros on humanitarian aid, as Greece struggles to cope with an influx of migrants.

Under plans to be submitted on Wednesday, EU funds could be deployed within Europe in the same way they are used to help crises outside the bloc.
The UN has warned of a humanitarian disaster caused by a build-up of migrants on Greece's borders.
Thousands of asylum seekers remain trapped on the border with Macedonia.
The plan to be submitted by the EU's executive body, the European Commission, means EU aid agencies would for the first time work directly with the UN and other groups inside Europe, rather than disbursing money to individual member states.
EU officials said the aid plan would allocate 300m euros (Â£233m; $325m) this year to help any EU state deal with the migration crisis. In all, 700m euros would be made available over three years.
However, BBC Europe correspondent Chris Morris says that even if such funding can be deployed quickly, the EU also needs to stem the flow of new arrivals. That would mean better co-operation with Turkey, he adds.
Greece has asked the European Commission for nearly 500m euros in assistance to help care for 100,000 asylum seekers.
About 24,000 migrants in Greece are in need of housing and more than 8,000 are stuck in worsening conditions on the border with Macedonia.
The crossing at Idomeni has closed following protests by migrants desperate to continue their journey to countries further north, particularly Germany.
Despite the border closure, thousands more migrants and refugees are still travelling to Idomeni. With the camp overwhelmed, many have been forced to wait on buses and at petrol stations along the route from Athens.
Some migrants have been stranded at the overburdened camp for more than a week.
Caroline Haga, an emergency co-ordinator for the International Red Cross (ICRC), said the Greek military had set up three more border camps near Idomeni but all are already full, with about 2,000 people at each.
On Tuesday, the UN refugee agency (UNHCR) warned that Europe was "on the cusp of a largely self-induced humanitarian crisis".
Spokesman Adrian Edwards said crowded conditions on Greece's borders were leading to shortages of food, shelter, water and sanitation.
Last week Macedonia began refusing entry to Afghan migrants and imposing stricter document controls on Syrians and Iraqis, slowing the passage to a trickle.
Then on Monday, Macedonia firmly closed the gate that separates it from the camp, citing the closure by Serbia of its northern border.
A similar knock-on effect has happened previously as Eastern European countries attempt to reduce the number of migrants crossing their borders.
Frustration at the closure boiled over on Monday and scores of migrants clashed with security guards. Some attempted to smash through a fence, prompting the guards to fire tear gas and rubber bullets.
European Council President Donald Tusk is due to visit Croatia and Macedonia on Wednesday before moving on for talks in both Greece and Turkey in advance of a special EU summit next Monday.

He said the refugees will come from camps bordering Syria rather than those who are already in Europe.
Pressure on the government to allow more refugees to come to the UK has intensified in recent weeks as questions about what to do with the huge numbers of migrants and refugees coming into Europe.
It's after tens of thousands of people, from places like Syria, Afghanistan, and parts of Africa, have come to Europe in the hope of a better future.
In a speech to the House of Commons Mr Cameron said Britain had a duty to help people in need.
Around 20,000 asylum seekers arrived in Germany over the weekend.
European leaders are trying to find a way to deal with the huge numbers of people arriving from other parts of the world.


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Question: A 68-year-old man is to face trial accused of driving dangerously in an armoured personnel carrier.

Robert Shepherd, of Tullibody, Clackmannanshire, is alleged to have failed to keep his 1954 Alvis Saracen vehicle under control in August 2015.
He is accused of allowing the vehicle on to the opposite carriageway of the B908 road near Alva, narrowly avoiding a collision.
Mr Shepherd pleaded not guilty to the charge at Alloa Sheriff Court.
It is alleged that he failed to stop the six-wheeled tank-like vehicle as it approached the River Devon road bridge in Clackmannanshire, in order to allow another vehicle on the bridge to cross over.
Mr Shepherd's solicitor, Mike Lowrie, asked for more time to prepare the defence case.
He said he had encountered "some difficulty finding an expert with some knowledge of the type of vehicle" to give evidence in Mr Shepherd's defence.
Sheriff Gillian Wade set the trial for 5 July.
The Saracen can carry a squad of eight soldiers plus a troop commander.
It was first built in 1952 for the Malayan Emergency and has a top speed of 45 miles per hour.

Connor McCaugherty killed Dil Bahadur Subedi during a hit-and-run crash in Birmingham on 26 March.
Mr Subedi died as he was crossing the road at the Belgrave Middleway when McCaugherty ran a red light.
He pleaded guilty to causing death by dangerous driving and a string of other offences at Birmingham Crown Court on Thursday.
See more stories from Birmingham and the Black Country here
McCaugherty, 22, of no fixed address, stole a Ford Mondeo from Bordesley Green on 17 March and was seen driving it through Erdington by police nine days later.
A chase ensued where McCaugherty reached speeds of up to 110mph.
Driving with the headlights off, he drove through red lights in the city centre and hit Mr Subedi at 90mph.
The 45-year-old chef and father of three died at the scene as McCaugherty sped away.
McCaugherty was on bail at the time for reckless driving in December 2016.
The Mondeo was found burnt out in Northfield the next day.
McCaugherty was arrested by police on 30 March when he was seen driving another stolen car.
Judge Mark Wall QC told McCaugherty: "You showed a total disregard for the safety of others who were in great danger because of your actions."
As he left court, a tearful McCaugherty shouted an apology to Mr Subedi's relatives in the public gallery.
He pleaded guilty to causing death by dangerous driving, assault by beating, making off without payment, dangerous driving, possessing a controlled class B drug, perverting the course of justice and taking a conveyance without a property.


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Question: London Irish have secured the signing of Edinburgh captain Mike Coman from next season on a three-year contract.

New Zealander Coman, 28, has been with Edinburgh for three seasons after moving from Hawke's Bay Magpies.
The back row led Edinburgh to last season's European Challenge Cup final and played two seasons of Super Rugby for the Wellington Hurricanes.
"Having spoken to Tom Coventry and seeing where he wants to take the club, I was happy to sign," Coman said.
"I've thoroughly enjoyed my time at Edinburgh and will continue to work hard for the remainder of the season."
London Irish head of rugby operations Glenn Delaney added: "The addition of Mike to our squad for next season is a huge coup.
"He's a proven leader and will bring plenty of physicality to our forward pack."

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The 30-year-old, who had a spell with Bath between 2006 and 2010, has made seven appearances this season.
Director of rugby Todd Blackadder said: "We're really pleased to have been able to bring someone who has as much experience as Chris in."
Meanwhile, front-rower Shaun Knight and hooker Michael van Vuuren have extended their stays at The Rec.
Knight, 27, joined Bath on loan from Newport Gwent Dragons in September and will now remain with the club until the end of next season.
Van Vuuren, 25, joined from Leicester in 2016 and has signed a new two-year deal.


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Question: A son of the Israeli prime minister is facing a public backlash amid an escalating row over his reported failure to pick up his dog's droppings.

Yair Netanyahu, 25, responded with an obscene gesture, a neighbour said on Facebook, after she told him to clear up the waste left in a Jerusalem park.
Mr Netanyahu hit back at critics, leading the son of a former Israeli PM to accuse him of racism and homophobia.
The Netanyahus say Israeli media often unfairly focuses on their family.
The spat began when Talila Amitai posted her account of the exchange with Yair Netanyahu, whom she said raised his middle finger when she asked him to pick up his dog Kaya's poo.
The post has been shared more than 4,000 times and drew comments deriding Yair Netanyahu's behaviour.
As the incident gained attention, Molad, an Israeli think-tank critical of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government, published an excoriating online article called Five Facts You Didn't Know About Crown Prince Yair Netanyahu.
End of Twitter post  by @sixtyoneproject
It questioned the cost of Yair's lifestyle, highlighting the provision of round-the-clock security for the young Netanyahu at the taxpayers' expense, his inclusion on his parents' foreign trips and the fact that as an adult he lives at the Netanyahus' official Jerusalem residence.
Yair Netanyahu responded in a Facebook post, accusing Molad of being "a radical, anti-Zionist organisation" and of printing "lies".
He said the group should similarly criticise wrongdoings of other prime ministers' offspring, including a son of Ehud Olmert, whom he said had "interesting relations with Palestinians" which, he alleged, had national security implications.
The post was signed off with emojis of a middle finger and a smiling poo...
Mr Olmert's son Ariel struck back with a facetious Facebook post, introducing himself as his father's "secret gay son" who "lived with a Palestinian and fled with him to France".
He went on to say "In fact, this story is totally false. I love women, I live with one of them and we have a daughter", before accusing Yair Netanyahu of "racism and homophobia".
"Unlike you... I actually work for my living. I also make an effort to pick up my dog's poo."
Molad has also hit back. It published a letter from its lawyer to Yair Netanyahu, after he posted further attacks on the group, saying it intended to sue him for libel.
The story has been widely reported in Israeli media, sections of which have long had a combative relationship with the prime minister.
Mr Netanyahu senior has accused the press of unfairly scrutinising his family and has called on them to leave his wife and children alone.

Local media reports suggest that the nation's attorney general is set to launch an investigation into the prime minister's actions.
Israeli media have reported allegations that he has received significant gifts or "favours" from businessmen.
But Mr Netanyahu denies the claims, saying there is nothing to uncover.
He said rumours of impropriety will turn out to be as false as previous claims against him have been.
"All these scandals have turned out to be baseless and so will the allegations being published in the media now," he said in a statement.
It has been claimed that the police asked the prime minister's office to schedule a suitable date for questioning.
However, neither the justice ministry nor the attorney general have confirmed the details contained in media reports.
Opponents of Mr Netanyahu have called for an investigation into his affairs following a series of scandals in recent months - none of which have resulted in charges.
Last month, an investigation was opened into the purchase of new submarines from Germany, after it was claimed that Mr Netanyahu's lawyer represented the company during negotiations.
Earlier this year, convicted French fraudster Arnaud Mimran claimed he had donated hundreds of thousands of euros to Mr Netanyahu's 2009 election campaign - something the prime minister denies.
He has also been accused of wasting public money, including $127,000 (Â£102,000) on a customised private bedroom on a single flight to the UK.
Similar allegations have followed the prime minister since his original term in office two decades ago.
In the year 2000, Israeli police recommended that criminal charges be brought against Mr Netanyahu and his wife, Sara, after an eight-month investigation into whether he had kept official gifts that should have been handed over to the state after he left office.
At the same time, they were also accused of charging the government for the services of a contractor who did private work for them.
All those charges were dropped due to insufficient evidence.


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Question: Former directors of Rangers FC may face investigation and possible claims against them over the club's demise, HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) has said.

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HMRC has rejected a company voluntary arrangement (CVA) from the club's potential new owners, meaning the Ibrox club will now be liquidated.
It said this best protected taxpayers as a CVA could restrict the scope of possible action.
HMRC said Rangers assets could now be sold, allowing it "a fresh start".
In a statement, HMRC said: "A liquidation provides the best opportunity to protect taxpayers, by allowing the potential investigation and pursuit of possible claims against those responsible for the company's financial affairs in recent years.
"A CVA would restrict the scope of such action. Moreover the liquidation route does not prejudice the proposed sale of the club. This sale can take place either through a CVA or a liquidation."
HMRC said the sale of the clubs assets was "not being undermined" but simply taking "a different route".
The statement concluded: "Liquidation will enable a sale of the football assets to be made to a new company, thereby ensuring that football will continue at Ibrox.
"It also means that the new company will be free from claims or litigation in a way which would not be achievable with a CVA. Rangers can make a fresh start."
Rangers were forced into administration by HMRC on 14 February over non-payment of tax totalling about £14m.
The Ibrox club was also in dispute with the tax authority over other unpaid amounts.
Rangers used Employee Benefit Trusts (EBTs) to pay dozens of players during the last decade.
HMRC issued a bill for unpaid tax on the schemes, believed to be in the region on £49m, including interest and penalties.
Rangers contested this at a First Tier Tax Tribunal which concluded in January and is due to issue its determination imminently.
It is believed the potential EBT liability facing the Ibrox club could now be as high as £75m, including penalties and interest.
A consortium, headed by Yorkshireman businessman Charles Green, emerged several weeks ago as the latest preferred bidder for the club.
Along with joint administrators from Duff and Phelps, Mr Green produced a CVA proposal which is due to be the subject of a vote by creditors on Thursday.
If accepted by more than 75% of creditors, the CVA would have allowed Rangers to exit administration by paying an agreed sum - pennies in the pound - to creditors.
HMRC, which holds more than 25% of the debt, has effectively blocked this by indicating its intention to vote against a CVA, meaning the club will now be liquidated.
Once the voting formalities are over, the tax authority will appoint joint liquidators from BDO to wind up the 140-year-old football club.
The liquidator has powers to examine the governance and administration of the club before its insolvency and report on any issues he feels should be raised with creditors.
Among these powers, include the right to apply for a court order to examine, under oath, people involved with the company.
The liquidator can also sell the assets and the business to pay off the debts and undo any dealings or trading which he deems to be void.
The months ahead are likely to bring more scrutiny on the roles of current Rangers owner, Craig Whyte, and the man he bought the club from, Sir David Murray.
It was during Sir David's 23-year reign that Rangers began using the controversial EBT scheme.

Northampton Borough Council lent the club the money to redevelop Sixfields Stadium.
On 6 November it was revealed police were working with the council "to see whether any criminality has occurred" in connection with the loan.
Police said they had received a formal complaint from the council.
A Northamptonshire Police spokesman said the investigation "relates to alleged financial irregularities surrounding the loan made by the borough council to Northampton Town Football Club".
He said: "In response, a team of officers this afternoon served a warrant at Sixfields Stadium in order to secure any documentation which may be relevant to the investigation.
"The football club is being fully co-operative at this stage.
"This is likely to be a complex and challenging inquiry and it would be inappropriate to comment further at this stage."
More on this story and other news from Northamptonshire.
The police investigation comes on the day former Oxford United chairman Kelvin Thomas reached an agreement to buy the controlling stake in the League Two club from David Cardoza.
The club owes HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) £166,000, which has led to a winding up petition set to be heard next week.


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Question: A fire in the Brazilian city of Sao Paulo has destroyed parts of a historic 19th Century railway station housing a popular museum.

The museum, which documents the history of the Portuguese language, was severely damaged.
The blaze destroyed the roof of the "Station of Light" which was originally built by the British.
It was constructed in 1901 during the coffee boom to transport the beans to the Atlantic port of Santos.
One fireman was killed in the enormous blaze which raged unchecked for hours despite a heavy downpour.
The suburban railway line next to the burning building was closed for safety.
The "Station of Light" was named after the neighbourhood it was built in.
It was designed and built in 1901 by a prominent British railway station architect, Charles Henry Driver.
With its railway clock tower and its classic steel arched roof it was thought to have been modelled on British railway stations of the same period.
However, some historians say it was inspired by Finders Street station in the Australian city of Melbourne.

The Valongo wharf operated for three centuries and became the biggest entry point for African slaves in Brazil.
Its remains were discovered during renovation work for the 2016 Olympics.
Brazil was the main destination for African slaves in the Americas.
After the long journey across the Atlantic, emaciated African captives were kept in the wharf area to recover and gain weight, so they could be sold on at slave markets.
Many did not survive and were buried at a nearby cemetery.
Unesco says the Valongo wharf should have the same place in history as Hiroshima and Auschwitz "to make us remember those parts of the history of humanity that must not be forgotten".
"It is a unique memorial, containing the last remaining vestiges of the slaves' arrival," anthropologist Milton Guran told AFP news agency.
Many Brazilians were unaware of the area's importance until a few years ago.
Remains of the wharf were discovered by chance in 2011, when a couple doing refurbishment in their house come across a mass grave, with bones and skulls.
The wharf and the complex surrounding it were constructed in 1779 as part of an effort to move what was regarded as an unsightly trade to an area far from the city centre, says the BBC's Julia Carneiro.
A few blocks from the wharf is a cemetery where, between 1770 and 1830, thousands of slaves were buried.
Slave trade in Brazil was banned in 1831, after Brazil declared its independence from Portugal. But it continued illegally until slavery was abolished in 1888.
Some four million slaves arrived to work in plantations and domestic workers from the 17th to the end of the 19th century. That amounts to 40% of slaves taken to the Americas.
After Brazil was declared a republic in 1889, the Valongo site was used as a landfill and eventually a square was built over the wharf.
Until recently, it was buried underneath a square, a street and a car park.


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Question: Monkstown edged out 3-2 Lisnagarvey in a repeat of their Irish Cup final victory last season in Saturday's last-16 tie at Comber Road.

Four Ulster clubs did reach the last eight with Banbridge beating Three Rock Rovers 3-1 while Instonians defeated Annadale on penalty strokes.
Mossley defeated Railway Union and Cookstown were the big winners of the day, 7-1 at Dublin University.
Pegasus, Ards and Ballymoney are into the quarter-finals of the women's cup.
Pegasus had a comfortable 8-0 victory over Dublin side Genesis while Ards beat Lurgan 3-1 and Ballymoney overcame Queens on strokes after the game finished scoreless.
Garvey will be disappointed for allowing two goals in the opening three minutes of the game from Gareth Watkins and Sam Hyland before they levelled matters just after the half hour mark with a quick double strike of their own - a superb solo effort from the impressive Neal Glassey and a deflection from Ryan Getty.
But with just added-on time left to play in the first half another defensive giveaway by Garvey led to a penalty stroke that Steven Cole converted for Monkstown.
The home side would rue missed opportunities in the second half and this is now Garvey's third defeat in a row in all competitions.
Goals from Dane Ward, Matthew Bell and Hugh McShane saw Banbridge ease into the quarter-finals with a 3-1 win over Three Rock Rovers.
In the all-Ulster battle, Instonians edged Annadale on strokes after the game finished 2-2 while Mossley provided the shock of the day as the Ulster League side hammered the IHL's Railway Union 4-1 with Simon Todd grabbing all four goals.
Cookstown's Andrew Smyth helped himself to a hat-trick in a 7-1 victory at Dublin University.
Also through to the last eight are Cork C of I, UCD and Corinthians.
Steph Thompson and Alex Speers each scored twice as Pegasus beat Dublin side Genesis 8-0 while Sara Alexander, Lucy McKee and Kerry Harvey were on target for Ards in a 3-1 victory over Lurgan.
The game between Queens and Ballymoney finished scoreless with Ballymoney going through on strokes.
Belfast Harlequins lost 3-0 at home to Cork Harlequins and holders Hermes-Monkstown hammered Banbridge 6-0 with Irish international forward Anna O'Flanagan scoring five.
Ulster's Katie Mullan was on target in UCD's 2-1 win over Railway Union with Pembroke and Loreto completing the line-up for the quarters.

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The Lisburn school wanted competition organisers to put back the last four clash with BRA because 17 of their squad were on a skiing trip in Austria.
But the plea was rejected and Friends were forced to admit they could not field a team for Saturday's match.
BRA play Methody in the last four while RBAI will face Ballymena Academy.
The RBAI v Ballymena game is on Monday 27 at the Kingspan Stadium with the second semi-final the following day.


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Question: Jamie Murray and Dom Inglot won their doubles rubber to give Great Britain a 2-1 lead over Serbia in their Davis Cup quarter-final in Belgrade.

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The Britons beat Filip Krajinovic and Nenad Zimonjic 6-1 6-7 (2-7) 6-3 6-4.
Earlier, James Ward lost 6-1 6-3 6-2 against Dusan Lajovic in their singles match, which was delayed from Friday.
Kyle Edmund, who won his singles match on Friday, can seal victory for Great Britain when he faces Lajovic on Sunday at 14:00 BST.
Britain are aiming to become the sixth team to defend the Davis Cup title, after they won it in Belgium last year.
Murray was partnering Inglot after his brother Andy, with whom he has won all five of his previous Davis Cup doubles matches, decided to sit out the tie.
The British pair started strongly and raced into an early lead against their Serb opponents, who were playing together for the first time.
Despite the Britons having chances to break in the second set, the Serbs improved to level, but Inglot and Murray recovered to put their team within one rubber of the semi-finals.
Inglot, who sealed his first Davis Cup win with the victory after serving out the third and fourth sets, said: "It is great to feel like I have finally put a rubber in for the team.
"Serving out was a little nerve-wracking but with Jamie at the net you know he will help you out. He deserves a lot of credit."
Murray added: "It was unfortunate we lost the second set but we kept getting the ball back on return and then the breaks of serve helped us.
"We're really happy to have that win going into Sunday."
Team captain Leon Smith picked out the Inglot serve as a key in the match.
"It's great for Dom to have his first Davis Cup victory," Smith added. "Jamie is really experienced now and it's great that we can rely on him to come out and do what he does."
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Ward was a late inclusion in the British squad after replacing Andy Murray but he lost in one hour and 52 minutes against a player ranked 159 places above him, at 81st in the world.
The 29-year-old, whose ranking has dropped after he was inside the world's top 100 this time last year, was broken in the first game of the match and struggled throughout against the highest-ranked player in Serbia's squad.
In a match postponed on Friday - and again delayed on Saturday because of rain - Ward made 73 errors and hit just 12 winners compared to Lajovic's 23.
Ward said: "It's one of the heaviest clay courts I've ever played on.
"It definitely doesn't suit my game. But he was very good today. The tactics we had set up were pretty much completely opposite to everything he did in the first set, which is credit to him."
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Former Great Britain Davis Cup captain John Lloyd:
Murray and Inglot just started to combine well. Inglot wasn't returning that well but they came together when it mattered. They didn't play great, it wasn't spectacular, but they got the job done.
It looked like a regulation doubles win (during the second set). They should have been up 2-0 and then it was getting a bit dodgy and I was getting a bit nervous. The class came through at the end and that is what good pairs do.
Even if James Ward had played at his best, he would have struggled in his match - but you could see he just didn't have confidence.
He made so many unforced errors. You could see he wasn't sure what to do on the court. He was outclassed.
Victory for Great Britain would see them face Argentina or Italy in the semi-final.
Argentina lead 2-1 after the second day in Pesaro, Italy, thanks to a five-set victory for Juan Martin Del Potro and Guido Pella over Fabio Fognini and Paolo Lorenzi.
Elsewhere, France - featuring Wimbledon doubles champions Pierre-Hugues Herbert and Nicolas Mahut, as well as singles quarter-finalists Lucas Pouille and Jo-Wilfried Tsonga - lead the Czech Republic 2-1.
The United States lead Croatia 2-0 after Jack Sock came from two sets behind to beat Marin Cilic in their singles match, with the doubles to be played later on Saturday.
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They will play the USA, who beat Germany 3-0, while Belarus will face Switzerland in the other semi-final.
Two-time Wimbledon champion Kvitova is recovering from hand surgery following a knife attack in her home in December.
"Of course this was for her," said Czech world number 17 Barbora Strycova.
"We hope she comes back and we will welcome her with open arms. We are thinking about her every day and we were talking to her."
The tie was level at 1-1 after the opening day in Ostrava.
The Czech Republic lost Sunday's doubles rubber but world number three Karolina Pliskova beat French Open champion Garbine Muguruza 6-2 6-2 before Strycova beat Lara Arruabarrena 6-4 6-4 to seal their semi-final place.
Coco Vandeweghe beat Andrea Petkovic 3-6 6-4 6-0 as the USA whitewashed Germany in Hawaii to reach their first semi-final since 2010.
Belarus, who were without two-time Australian Open champion Victoria Azarenka as she gave birth in December, beat the Netherlands 4-1, while Switzerland beat France 3-1.
The semi-finals will be played on 22-23 April.
Great Britain will find out who they will play from Chinese Taipei, Romania, Italy or Australia when the draw for April's World Cup II play-offs is made on Tuesday.


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Question: Instead of singing the praises of Scotland's capital, the Edinburgh Complaints Choir is voicing a chorus of disapproval for all the daily irritations the city offers.

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The choir has been put together as part of the Edinburgh Art Festival.
About 30 Edinburgh residents, chosen after an open call to the people of the city, have had their complaints gathered and set to music by two local composers.
They will perform their complaints at various venues around the city during the festival.
Top of the list of the complaints, perhaps unsurprisingly, is the tram project which has blighted the city for the past five years.
The £776m project is due to begin running in July 2014, years behind schedule, hundreds of millions over budget and far less extensive than originally envisaged.
Meanwhile, the public of Edinburgh has suffered years of road works and traffic congestion.
"Huge disruption everywhere/Buses already take us there," is one line of the lyrics to the trams complaint sung by the choir.
"Incompetence beyond belief/Digging up the road to Leith.
"The trams aren't even going there/The council clearly doesn't care," the song continues.
Daniel Padden, co-director of the choir, says the project is meant to be "fun".
"It is not people sitting around moaning and being miserable about stuff. There is a joy to it as well," he says.
The complaints choir idea dates back to 2005 and two Finnish musicians. Birmingham was one of the first places to embrace the concept and it has been repeated in numerous cities around the world, such as Helsinki, St Petersburg, Chicago and Tokyo.
Padden says there are some complaints which are universal, such as dog mess, traffic congestion and recycling arrangements.
He says it was difficult to "narrow down" the complaints but one of the songs has a section which is a long list of annoyances which did not make it in to the other pieces.
As well as the trams there was one other common complaint which was specific to Edinburgh - the festival itself.
Padden appreciates the irony of complaining about a festival in which they are taking part but the choir members think it is useful to be able to speak out about their city being hijacked by thousands of tourists and performers every August.
Lorna Hoy says: "Sometimes at festival time I want to wear a badge which says 'I'm not a visitor, I live here', because people from the festival just get in your way when you are trying to get to work."
Another choir member Heidi Docherty says the complaints choir gave her a way to take part in a festival which is normally forced upon the people of Edinburgh.
She says: "It was a good way to get involved rather than just moan when it plonks itself on your doorstep."
"Singing about it is very reassuring. It gets it off your chest and it's a good laugh.
"It's a great way to vent your spleen and I think it will cheer the people of Edinburgh up on their way to work."

The poet penned Strictly Street Dancing after spending a morning shadowing bin men out collecting rubbish.
It will now be added to Edinburgh Unsung, a collection of poems by various writers celebrating the important work of those in the capital "which goes largely unnoticed".
It includes poems about carers, grave-diggers and night bus drivers.
for Edinburgh's Waste & Cleansing Department
Fifteen tonners rev,
beams sweep tarmac.
Rotas are ticked,
men leap aboard,
double gloved, high vis'd.
Edinburgh-through-and-through Scots:
crews with two loaders, and a driver
skilled to reverse up cul de sacs,
wind past parked cars,
leave side-mirrors intact.
know the drill to make it flow:
grab two bins, birl them, make a pair,
nudge them to the cradle, check and
trundle them back, grab two moreâ€¦
it's a Dashing White Sergeant
and precision, a get up and go.
Bins dance in sequence too:
handstands, a wobble, balance, then
down to waiting hands, while
the hopper compacts and gobbles.
with drivers in a hurry. A gap: a minute
of banter, snatch of song, drive on.
They know their route by heart:
each cobbled street, each judder, jolt,
each turning place, each missing bin.
like the boy awaiting the lamp-lighter,
watches at her window:
their momentary attention
their brightness
their beaming smiles.
Ms De Luca visited the staff she had shadowed on Thursday - Robert Gyorfi, Trevor Kelly and Kevin Manson - to present them with a framed, signed copy of the poem.
She said: "I was delighted when many other Edinburgh poets agreed to help me create an online anthology of poems celebrating those who daily undertake some of the lesser-seen jobs in our city, jobs like waste water and sewage management, looking after the civic clocks, doing the laundry in care homes, driving the night buses.
"For some unknown reason it proved difficult to get a poem for the waste and cleansing department in time for the launch.
"However, that has now been put right.
"I was delighted to be allowed to join a crew on one of the big 'motors' for an early morning shift, well before winter set in.  It was a fascinating journey.
"The resulting poem may seem light-hearted but it has serious intent, to pay tribute to those who daily, and sometimes in appalling weather and traffic conditions, keep our city much cleaner and safer than it would otherwise be.
"The little girl in the poem reminded me of the young Stevenson in his well-known poem The Lamplighter."
Lesley Hinds, City of Edinburgh Council's transport and environment convener, said: "Our waste and cleansing staff carry out an essential and challenging job here in the capital, which so often goes unnoticed and unappreciated.
"That's why I'm delighted to see their efforts recognised by Christine De Luca's wonderful study, 'Strictly street dancing'.
"The poem not only captures the detail of their day-to-day duties, but sheds light on the people beneath the hi-vis jackets."


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Question: A car salesman has received a flood of congratulatory tweets after he was mistaken for an Olympic gold medallist.

Jason Kenny, 46, has been getting more than 50 messages a day on Twitter from fans of his namesake who has won three gold medals in Rio.
The father-of-one, who like the Olympian is originally from Farnworth, said it was an "absolute pleasure" to get the cyclist's tweets.
"I reply and say thank you but I am not in Rio", he told the Bolton News.
The Peugeot car sales manager, who lives in Adlington, said it was no trouble for him and "because he's such a nice guy, they are always very nice messages".
Mr Kenny has gone to considerable efforts in his Twitter biography to differentiate himself from the star.
It reads: "Bolton lad but not an Olympian, that's @jasonkenny107 who's amazing + not Canadian that's @jkenney who's...Canadian. Often confused for both you ain't the first."
Cyclist Jason Kenny equalled Sir Chris Hoy's British record of winning six Olympic gold medals on a sensational night in Rio on Tuesday.
Mr Kenny then woke up to a string of tweets praising the 28-year-old Olympian for his success.
He said it has happened for years, starting during the Beijing games, continuing in London and now Rio.
"I usually just re-tweet them or sometimes I reply", he said.
People "usually apologise" when they realise their mistake, he said, "but they don't need to - it's easily done!"
A keen cyclist himself, Mr Kenny remembers getting a "good luck" tweet from the Olympian in 2012 when he messaged him about a bike challenge he was completing early one Sunday morning.
He said the sportsman "is doing fantastically" in his career, adding: "If he does not become Sir Jason Kenny, then there is something wrong."

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Whether it's politicians, leaders from the world of business and finance, or tabloid celebrities - the faces keep coming around.
But every so often a new star makes it into the headlines and a relative unknown is propelled into the spotlight before quietly fading away again.
Let's celebrate the stand-out newcomers of 2014, the characters who made the day just that little bit different.
One minute you're on TV, talking about all the amazing science you've done to land a spacecraft on a comet, the next you're being given a telling-off for your shirt.
Matt Taylor later broke down during a press conference and apologised for his "big mistake".
Austrian drag act Conchita Wurst took first place at the 59th annual Eurovision Song Contest.
Collecting her trophy on stage the singer said: "This night is dedicated to everyone who believes in a future of peace and freedom."
England's head physio Gary Lewin suffered a dislocated ankle during the celebrations for Daniel Sturridge's goal against Italy during the World Cup.
Roy Hodgson described the incident, which resulted in Lewin being stretchered off the pitch, as a "sad moment".
Former baseball player Pete Frates inspired thousands of people around the world to film themselves tipping cold water over themselves.
An ALS sufferer himself, his ice bucket challenge helped to raise millions of dollars for charities which tackle the disease.
ALS is known as motor neurone disease in the UK.
Dean Farley caused a security alert when he bumped into the prime minister in Leeds.
He claimed he didn't recognise the PM.
A later investigation confirmed he had been jogging on his way to the gym.
Despite the fact that Amal Alamuddin did not feature regularly on chat shows and gossip websites before meeting and marrying "Hollywood's most eligible bachelor" (aka George Clooney), she did manage a few other accomplishments.
As many pointed out, these minor achievements included being a successful human rights lawyer, publishing books and working with the United Nations.
Jessie Helt, a homeless man from the US, was invited up on stage by Miley Cyrus when she won at the MTV VMAs.
He was later jailed for six months after violating his probation.
He handed himself into police having been spotted on national television with Miley.
Follow @BBCNewsbeat on Twitter and Radio1Newsbeat on YouTube


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Question: A contract has been signed to transport the oil rig that ran aground on Lewis.

The 17,000-tonne Transocean Winner hit rocks at Dalmore Bay in early August but has now been towed to Broad Bay.
The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) said the Norwegian company Offshore Heavy Transport (OHT) would transport it to Turkey.
The firm is expected to float the rig onto the semi-submersible heavy lift vessel OHT Hawk. which is scheduled to arrive in Broad Bay in late September.
Transocean Winner was being towed from Norway to Malta when it broke free in stormy seas on 8 August.
From Malta it was due to be taken to Turkey to be scrapped.
Since the grounding, local politicians have called for the rig to be dismantled in Scotland but it was confirmed earlier this week that it would continue its journey to Turkey.
Hugh Shaw, the Secretary of State's representative for maritime salvage and intervention, said: "There will be many technical challenges surrounding the operations, however I am satisfied that this is the safest option and it fully meets the requirements to minimise any future risk to safety or damage to the environment."
The rig's grounding sparked pollution fears owing to the 280 tonnes of diesel on board.
Investigations found two of its four fuel tanks were damaged in the incident which resulted in the loss of 53,000 litres of fuel, most of which is thought to have evaporated.
The remaining fuel has been safely removed.
Dozens of pieces of debris have also been found at the grounding site at Dalmore, with divers recovering about 40 pieces so far.
MCA said a temporary exclusion zone of 1000m in Broad Bay would remain in place to minimise any risk to safety for other boats as well as divers and vessels helping with the salvage operation.
A temporary exclusion zone of 750m also remains at Dalmore Bay while the salvage of debris continues.

2 July 2015 Last updated at 07:46 BST
A total of 32.7kg of explosives were used to blow up the bridge over the Monongahela River, which had a structure that was falling apart.


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Question: Welsh screenwriter Andrew Davies has said subscription streaming services cannot compete with the BBC for drama.

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He spoke at a preview screening of the final episode of his adaptation of War and Peace, which was produced by BBC Cymru Wales.
The Cardiff-born writer, 79, said "almost everybody agrees" the BBC should do drama.
Online providers, such as Amazon Prime and Netflix, do not attract similar audiences, he added.
He said: "They (online streaming services) have huge budgets but until now they still have tiny audiences.
"People say 'everybody's watching Mad Men, everybody's watching the American version of House of Cards'. They're not, it's just people in the business are watching it. Most people are watching Call the Midwife and War and Peace."
Addressing the ongoing discussions over the renewal of the BBC's Royal Charter, Davies said drama was an intrinsic part of the corporation's output.
Davies, who was made a Bafta fellow in 2002, has written numerous adaptations for the screen, including Little Dorrit, Sense and Sensibility and Bleak House, as well as several novels.
Last year, he was honoured at the Broadcasting Press Guild Awards.
"I think that serious drama, or drama that makes an impact, is something that almost everybody agrees is one of the things that the BBC should be doing," he added.
"A lot of the arguments (about the BBC's future) tend to come over expensive entertainment shows, and bought-in shows and that kind of thing.
"But I think something like War and Peace is a great thing to get everybody on the BBC's side. It couldn't have been done without the BBC; who else would have done it?"
Davies's adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's epic novel has attracted favourable reviews and he said he had been "thrilled" by the reaction.
In a question-and-answer session after Monday's screening, Davies revealed that his next projects involved a planned adaptation of Les Miserables "with no music and no singing", and a drama based on Aneurin Bevan and the creation of the NHS.
He also praised the increased levels of drama production in Wales since Doctor Who began filming in Cardiff in 2005.
He said: "BBC Wales drama 20 or 30 years ago was pathetic. They couldn't do anything, and other people's productions would use BBC Wales' money because BBC Wales couldn't think of anything," he added.
"It's been an incredible last 10 years, starting off with Doctor Who. It's thrilling for me, coming from Wales, as I've been working for the BBC for ages but was rarely able to work with BBC Wales because over the years they were just so dozy.
"Now it's a powerhouse, it's extraordinary, and we should be terribly proud of it. But make sure to keep it going."
The final episode of War and Peace will be broadcast on BBC One Wales on Sunday 7 February at 21:00 GMT.

Lord Hall told staff he wanted the BBC to "reinvent public broadcasting for a new generation".
He described iPlayer as "the biggest revolution of the last charter" and said it now had to increase its reach.
"We need it to make the leap from a catch-up service to a must-visit destination in its own right," he said.
One way the service might do this is by making more series available in their entirety on iPlayer, before they are screened on television.
This has been tried previously with programmes such as Peter Kay's Car Share and enables viewers to "binge-watch" box sets.
The director general added that the media landscape had "changed beyond all recognition - it's more global and more competitive".
Lord Hall announced the plans as the BBC enters its new charter period.
Lord Hall said the BBC must pioneer new technology if it is to remain a global leader and develop new ways of personalising services for viewers as well as how it can embrace developments in artificial intelligence and voice recognition.
"Our goal, even in the face of rapid growth by our competitors, is for iPlayer to be the number one online TV service in the UK," Lord Hall said.
By David Sillito, BBC media correspondent
As the iPlayer enters its 10th year, there's no doubt that something that was leading the way in 2007 is now just part of a fast-changing media landscape.
The ambition to double the number of people using the iPlayer each week from 10 million to 20 million, and quadruple the number of hours spent on it from an average of 30 minutes to 2 hours, can only happen if it's more than just a catch-up service.
So, there will definitely be more content released on iPlayer first. However, I'd be surprised if much of that is landmark Sunday night drama.
Most of our TV watching is still done the old-fashioned way, sitting down when the programme appears on a regular channel.
TV ratings still matter enormously to schedulers and they will undoubtedly object to seeing their most expensive, prestige programming appearing in a way that undermines the feeling of it being an event.
The idea that vital plot twists will appear on social media - and in the newspapers - before something is shown on BBC One would annoy large parts of the audience and also undermine the pleasure of going on to Twitter or Facebook after an episode in order to comment, or try to understand what you've just seen.
He hopes to reach this goal by 2020. In order to do so, the BBC will need to double the number of people it reaches through the online service, and quadruple the amount of time users spend on it every week.
It faces competition from online streaming services such as Netflix and Amazon Prime, which have become hugely popular in recent months.
Netflix's in-house drama The Crown won two Golden Globes at the weekend while Amazon have launched The Grand Tour, featuring Jeremy Clarkson, to attract new viewers.
Recent figures revealed 2016 was the biggest year yet for the iPlayer, which received 243 million monthly requests on average.
Lord Hall said the BBC was the media provider young people use the most - and highlighted how many more young people had watched Planet Earth II than the most recent series of X Factor.
He set out three strategic priorities - creativity, culture and global ambition.
Beyond entertainment, the BBC will put a stronger emphasis on "slow news" - meaning more in-depth analysis of topics and issues to run alongside the "fast" breaking news and day-to-day events.
Lord Hall said: "In a world of near-limitless choice, I want people to carry on choosing us.
"I want us to have shown that public service broadcasting has even more to offer Britain and the world in the next century - even more than it has done in its first 100 years. That excites me."
The BBC reaches its centenary year in 2022, by which point Mr Hall says he wants a BBC that is "irresistible" to all audiences.


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Question: Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt has had his decision to reduce services at a major hospital declared unlawful and quashed by the High Court.

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Mr Justice Silber ruled Mr Hunt acted outside his powers when he announced casualty and maternity units at Lewisham Hospital would be downgraded.
He said the Secretary of State had breached provisions of the National Health Services Act 2006.
The judge gave him permission to appeal against the decision.
Mr Justice Silber said recommendations of the Secretary of State had to have regard to, or be supported by, GP commissioners.
It was quite clear that the Lewisham GP commissioners did not give support to the proposals, said the judge.
He went on:  "On the contrary, they strongly opposed them although those GP commissioners in a number of surrounding but different areas were happy with them.
By Karl MercerPolitical Correspondent, BBC London
There were cheers and tears in Court 76 as Mr Justice Silber gave hospital campaigners the news they had hoped for.
He ruled that Jeremy Hunt and the administrator he appointed to South London Healthcare had acted outside their powers when they decided to reduce services at Lewisham hospital.
He ruled that local GPs had not supported the plans and therefore they should not be allowed to go ahead.
Today's ruling comes six months to the day since Jeremy Hunt announced the downgrading of services like the A&E and maternity units at Lewisham.
Campaigners had argued it was being made to suffer because of the failings of the neighbouring South London Healthcare Trust which is Â£65m in deficit.
This was the first time the Trust Special Administrator regime had ever been used.
The government has been given permission to appeal.
"I considered that it was the absence of support from the local GP commissioners which constituted an additional reason why the decision of the Secretary of State cannot stand."
The challenge was brought by Save Lewisham Hospital and the London Borough of Lewisham.
Dr Louise Irvine, a local GP who chairs the Save Lewisham Hospital campaign, said: "This is an incredible day.
"We are delighted for every single person who has supported the campaign and those who will now continue to benefit from this extraordinary hospital."
Rosa Curling, a lawyer with solicitors' firm Leigh Day acting for the campaigners, described it as a "tremendous victory".
She said: "This judgment should serve as a warning to the government that, if they try to do this, local communities will fight back to ensure their healthcare services remain in place."
Mayor of Labour-run Lewisham Council, Sir Steve Bullock, said justice had been delivered to a hospital "well-managed, highly-respected and financially solvent".
In January Mr Hunt told MPs that the cuts were necessary because neighbouring South London Healthcare NHS Trust has been losing more than Â£1m every week.
A spokesman said Mr Hunt's department was "disappointed by the decision" and would consider the judgment carefully.
He said: "This judgment applies to one aspect of a package of changes which we believe are in the best long-term interests of patients and the public across south-east London.
"We expect to continue other elements of that package of changes, including the dissolution of the South London Healthcare NHS Trust, planned for October 1 - although there are a number of steps to go before that can take place."
The other changes expected to go ahead are King's Health Partners taking over Princess Royal Hospital and the merger of Queen Elizabeth Hospital and Lewisham Hospital trusts.

Glenfield is one of 3 units which face closure following a review.
On Wednesday a judge decided the consultation over services at Leeds was "ill-judged" but stressed this applied to Leeds only.
Families of children treated at Glenfield said the news was a boost while the hospital's board is meeting later to discuss its implications.
In July a review by the Joint Committee of Primary Care Trusts (JCPCT) of 10 units in England and Wales recommended closing centres at Leeds General Infirmary, Glenfield Hospital and London's Royal Brompton.
JCPCT said treatment would be improved by focussing resources and expertise at fewer, larger centres.
Adam Tansey, whose son had life-saving surgery at Glenfield, said: "(The ruling) confirms what we all thought, that the process was illogical at best but at worst unlawful.
"It just confirms what we suspected."
Head of children's heart surgery at Glenfield,  Giles Peek, felt the news was highly significant.
"Exactly the same decision and logic were applied to all the centres, so although (the judge) wasn't considering how it applied to Glenfield, they used exactly the same methodology.
"So if it was unlawful for Leeds, it was unlawful for us but we haven't launched a legal challenge because we are relying on our clinical case."
An Independent Reconfiguration Panel, commissioned by Secretary of State for Health Jeremy Hunt to review the work of the JCPCT, is due to report in April.


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Question: We may be about to learn how much of a constraint Labour's promise to make no unfunded spending promises really is.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Because I have been told that Labour's leader, Ed Miliband, wants to next month announce an eye-catching policy of cutting maximum university fees for students by a third, from £9,000 to £6,000.
But this would not be cheap: it could cost around £2.5bn a year, based on the £7.6bn that is expected to be lent to students this year to pay for their tuition fees.
In practice the cost might turn out to be less, because the current system imposes a hidden charge on government - in that many thousands of students are expected to be unable to repay their loans over coming years. The IFS calculates this hidden cost to the public purse, the disguised public sector subsidy, as 43.3p for every £1 lent.
This cost, of expected loan write-offs, might be lower under Labour's lower-fee system, since the smaller loans might be more affordable for more students
Even so, to be a credible commitment - at a time when the public sector deficit is £91bn - Labour would have to find a new tax to cover the significant cost.
So the shadow chancellor, Ed Balls, has been asked to make the sums add up.
As I understand it, he has not yet done so.
Ed Miliband told Labour's conference in the autumn of 2011 that he would cut student fees by a third if the party was in power then. But it has never been a manifesto commitment.
At the time, he said it would be paid for by increasing corporation tax paid by banks - but those funds are no longer available because they have already been tapped by George Osborne.
The preferred option, I am told, is to find an equivalent tax to the raid on the banks. But I understand that Ed Balls and Ed Miliband are also examining whether to replace the system of funding via student loans with a new tax on new graduates - by which those who benefit from a university degree would pay a higher tax rate.
The fee reduction would be aimed at reinforcing Labour's support among younger voters, especially those who turned against the Liberal Democrats when - as part of the government - they abandoned their opposition to fee increases and pushed through an increase in the fee cap from £3,225  to £9,000.
But if the policy is seen as lessening universities' control over their financing, it would risk prompting vocal and potentially embarrassing opposition from university vice chancellors.
The coherence and credibility of both parties' spending and taxing plans are expected to be the main battleground for May's general election.
Because the UK's public-sector deficit remains a high 5% of national income, Labour, Tory and LibDems are all committed to making cuts - although by 2020 Labour would need to make £50bn a year less in cuts than the Tories, based on their respective fiscal formulae and plans.
Even so, Labour has to either cut spending or raise taxes to meet its promise that the so-called current budget - or spending that excludes investment - will be in balance by 2017-18, to which it committed when voting two weeks ago for the government's so-called Charter for Budget Responsibility.
So any new spending promise requires it either to raise taxes or identify some part of the public sector that can be cut.

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This might be a useful statement of intent but as a former leader of the House of Commons - the man responsible for looking after legislation - Hague should (and maybe does) know that any such Act would be, legalistically, total nonsense.
Why so?
Let's say that the Tories win the election and put a No Tax Rises Act on to the Statute Book. What then, in this legislation, prevents the Chancellor of the Exchequer, whacking up tax? Absolutely nothing whatsoever.
As any first-year politics undergraduate will tell you, Parliament cannot bind or restrict itself against future measures that it may or may not enact. So if two pieces of legislation contradict each other, then the newer piece stands, and the older legislation is by de facto removed and superseded.
Parliamentary form
The budget is given effect by a Finance Act - a piece of legislation just like any other. So a government could, if it wishes, pass a No Tax Rises Act on Day One of a Parliament, and on Day Two produce a Finance Bill that does exactly the opposite.
In 2010, just months before the general election, the then Labour chancellor Alistair Darling introduced a Fiscal Responsibility Bill that put a statutory duty on the Treasury to meet specific targets for reduction of government borrowing and debt.
The Conservative Party voted against that Bill (and has repealed it since taking office). Then shadow chancellor George Osborne called the Bill "vacuous and irrelevant legislation".
He went on to ask: "Why is he the first chancellor in history to feel that he needs an Act of Parliament on top of a Budget statement?" He then proffered two potential answers: "Either he does not trust himself to secure sound public finances, or he knows that the public do not trust him to secure them. Neither is exactly a ringing endorsement."
Parliament has passed financial constraints into law before - for example, a requirement that the government meets the UN development goal of spending 0.7% on international development.
What happens if the government does not?  Are charges brought? Do ministers get their wages docked or face the sack? No. The government has to write to the Commons explaining why the target has not been met. Neither this Act, nor the Labour one mentioned above, contained any effective sanction. Why should they, when in truth, they are about signalling intent? No sanctions are included because none would ever be used.
We might also wonder what sort of "from one leader to another" chats William Hague and David Cameron had about the policy? After all, Hague had a somewhat unhappy experience when he was Conservative Party leader.
In 1999, at the party conference in Blackpool, he issued a Tax Guarantee, promising that a Conservative government would not raise taxes, adding that "there will be no escape clauses, no fudging" on it. Within a year this had changed to: "We are being clear that in the event of severe recession, unexpected acts of God or war, that our commitment to health, our commitment to prudent economic management, come first."
Here's hoping for calm waters.
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