Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Astronomers have created the first map of the clouds on a planet outside our Solar System.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Given ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.', 'BBC Wales meteorologist Derek Brockway is employed by the Met Office but the BBC confirmed on Monday that no changes are planned to its weather coverage.\nThe Met Office has provided the data used by the BBC since 1922.\nThe BBC said it was required to secure the best value for money and will tender the contract to competition.\nThe Met Office said it was disappointed by the decision.\nA replacement is expected to take over next year.\nSteve Noyes, Met Office operations and customer services director, said: "Nobody knows Britain\'s weather better and, during our long relationship with the BBC, we\'ve revolutionised weather communication to make it an integral part of British daily life.\n"This is disappointing news but we will be working to make sure that vital Met Office advice continues to be a part of BBC output."\nA BBC spokesman said: "Our viewers get the highest standard of weather service and that won\'t change.\n"We are legally required to go through an open tender process and take forward the strongest bids to make sure we secure both the best possible service and value for money for the licence fee payer.\n"Our graphics are already supplied by another provider and our long-standing relationship with the Met Office will continue as we intend to still broadcast their severe weather warnings."'], a positive would be ['represent the next text', 'There are no plans to change the line-up of weather presenters at BBC Wales despite the Met Office losing its contract with the corporation.']

The planet in question is Kepler-7b, a large gaseous world like Jupiter, roughly 1,000 light-years away.
The researchers used data from Nasa's Spitzer and Kepler space telescopes to study the exoplanet, which orbits close to its parent star.
Their results suggest the hot giant is marked by high clouds in the west and clear skies in the east.
The findings have been accepted for publication in the journal Astrophysical Journal Letters.
"By observing this planet with Spitzer and Kepler for more than three years, we were able to produce a very low-resolution 'map' of this giant, gaseous planet," said co-author Brice-Olivier Demory of Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in Cambridge, US.
"We wouldn't expect to see oceans or continents on this type of world, but we detected a clear, reflective signature that we interpreted as clouds."
Astronomers have previously been able to make temperature maps of planets orbiting other stars, but this is the first look at cloud structures on a distant world. Kepler-7b is something of an oddity - bigger than Jupiter, but lower in mass - with a density about the same as polystyrene.
The Kepler telescope's visible-light observations of this distant world's moon-like phases led to a rough map of the planet that showed a bright spot on its western hemisphere. But these data were not enough on their own to decipher whether the bright spot was coming from clouds or heat.
So the team used Spitzer to gather further clues about the planet's atmosphere. They determined that light from the planet's star was bouncing off cloud tops located on the west side of Kepler-7b.
"Kepler-7b reflects much more light than most giant planets we've found, which we attribute to clouds in the upper atmosphere," said Thomas Barclay from Nasa's Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, California, US, who works on the Kepler telescope team.
"Unlike those on Earth, the cloud patterns on this planet do not seem to change much over time - it has a remarkably stable climate."
Nasa says the findings are an early step towards using similar techniques to study the atmospheres of exoplanets that are more like Earth in composition and size.
Paul Hertz, director of Nasa's astrophysics division in Washington DC commented: "We're at a point now in exoplanet science where we are moving beyond just detecting [them], and into the exciting science of understanding them."
The Kepler mission has now ended because of problems with the spacecraft's reaction wheels - the spinning components that aid fine-pointing of the satellite. But astronomers are still studying the data it gathered; the mission has so far discovered more than 150 bona fide exoplanets and thousands of other candidate worlds.

The new world, known as 51 Eridani b, is only 20 million years old - a toddler by astronomical standards.
The alien world could yield clues to the formation of our Solar System, which has an unusual lay-out.
The find was made by the Gemini Planet Imager (GPI), which looks for faint, young planets orbiting bright, relatively nearby stars.
The new world shows the strongest methane signature ever detected on an alien planet. Previous Jupiter-like exoplanets have shown only faint traces of methane, making them very different from the heavy methane atmospheres of gas giants in our Solar System.
The astronomers also detected water, using GPI's spectrometer instrument.
These findings indicate that it might be similar to planets in our Solar System, yielding additional clues to the formation of giant, astronomical bodies.
The vast majority of alien solar systems that have been discovered are very different from our own, with massive planets - so-called "hot Jupiters" - orbiting close to their stars. This is partly because such systems are easier to detect with the techniques currently used to search for planets orbiting distant stars.
"Previous search methods couldn't find systems like our own, with small, rocky worlds close to their star and large, gas giants at large distances like Jupiter and Saturn," said co-author James Larkin, from the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA).
"The search for large planets at large separations from their star is exactly the goal of GPI. These solar systems are likely much more similar to our own."
Studying such worlds should reveal how common our Solar System architecture truly is.
Astronomers believe the gas giants in our Solar System formed slowly - by building up a large core over a few million years and then pulling in a huge amount of hydrogen and other gases to form an atmosphere. This is known as a "cold-start".
But the Jupiter-like exoplanets that have been discovered so far are much hotter than models have predicted. This hints that they could have formed quickly - as gas collapses to make a scorching planet in what is known as a "hot-start".
The core build-up process can also form rocky planets like the Earth. But the fast collapse process might only make giant gas planets. The planets in our Solar System are 4.5 billion years old, but at just 20 million years old, 51 Eridani b might be young enough to reveal clues about how it was created.
"This planet really could have formed the same way Jupiter did; the whole solar system could be a lot like ours," said co-author Bruce Macintosh, from Stanford University's Kavli Institute.
The new gas giant is roughly twice the mass of Jupiter. Until now, the gas giant planets that have been directly detected have been much larger - five to 13 times Jupiter's mass.
It orbits a little further from its parent star than Saturn does from the Sun and has a temperature of 430C (800F), hot enough to melt lead, but still rather cold compared with other alien gas giants, which reach temperatures above 540C (1,000F).
The Gemini Planet Imager is installed on the 8m Gemini South Telescope in Chile. It began science operations in 2014.
Other scientific instruments designed to detect exoplanets do so indirectly, by, for example, detecting the dip in starlight as a planet passes in front of its parent sun. GPI instead searches for light from the planet itself - referred to as direct imaging.
The astronomers use adaptive optics to sharpen the image of a star, and then block out the starlight. Any remaining incoming light is then analysed, with the brightest spots indicating a possible planet.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: The owners of a pub in the Highlands have given it as a gift to their local church.

Michael and Kai Geldard had planned to sell the Crask Inn in Lairg, but have instead handed it over to their local Scottish Episcopal Church.
The couple are members of the church's congregation.
The inn, which has four bedrooms, is to continue to be run as a pub and as a bed and breakfast, but will also be used for religious services.
It is to be run by Douglas Campbell, a Eucharistic minister, and his GP wife Denise. They are planning to move from Hopeman in Moray in April.
Mr Campbell, who is personal assistant to the Right Reverend Mark Strange, the Episcopalian Bishop of the United Diocese of Moray, Ross and Caithness, said neither he or his wife had run a pub before but were looking forward to the new challenge.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

19 October 2015 Last updated at 14:42 BST
Sky TV pundit Neville and Man United assistant manager Giggs bought the old stock exchange building in Manchester city centre with a view to turning into a hotel.
But a group of homeless people were living in the abandoned site before it was sold and asked if they could stay for the winter.
Now Neville and Giggs have said they can remain in the building until work on the hotel starts in February.
Watch the video to see the reaction of some of the people living there.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: It looks comical - a remote controlled car zipping around a penguin colony dodging irritated snaps from the birds.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

But using the diminutive vehicle to study penguins, researchers have found, has has much less impact on their behaviour than being approached by a human.
Scientists say the unusual approach provides "a less invasive and stressful way to collect data on these species".
These findings are published in the journal Nature Methods.
In part of their study, the researchers even disguised one rover as a penguin chick in order to access a colony of notoriously nervous emperor penguins.
Dr Yvon Le Maho from the National Centre for Scientific Research in Strasbourg, France, led the study. He first decided to test the rover after he found that traditional flipper tags compromised the health of penguins.
To avoid these "unethical" flipper tags, the researchers began using tiny transponders - tags implanted under the birds' skin - to monitor a colony of king penguins on Possession Island in the South Indian Ocean.
But - just like the microchips often used to "identichip" pets - reading data from these tags requires them to be scanned up close using a receiver.
"I wondered if it might be possible to use a technological device to do this, and I thought about a rover," Dr Le Maho told BBC News.
He and his colleagues measured penguins' heart rates when the vehicle approached and when a human researcher approached.
"There was a very high increase in heart rate with the human -  much more than in a rover," he explained.
This reaction to people is exacerbated by the fact that, when the birds are incubating eggs, "they won't move".
The approach of the little vehicle certainly seemed to irritate the birds, which - as footage revealed -  waited until the rover came close, then lunged and snapped with their beaks and flippers.
"But when the rover stops, even within the territory of the birds, they don't pay any attention to it," said Dr Le Maho.
In fact when the team measured the increase in the birds' heart rate when the rover approached, the found it was about the same as when another bird passed by.
"It's very much higher when a person [approaches]," said Dr Le Maho
"Even if the human is motionless, they still have a very high heart rate. And [it only returns to normal] more than five minutes after the human has left."
In the second part of their research, Dr Le Maho and his colleagues wanted to see if they could use their rover to study the very shy emperor penguin.
"Emperors huddle together, because they have no [other] territorial defence," the scientist explained. "So when they see the rover approaching, they get very stressed.
"So we thought, what if you camouflage the rover - disguise it as a chick."
The researchers worked with the team of nature filmmakers, who produced the penguin documentary Spy in the Huddle.
This resulted in an even more a comical-looking rover, with a fake chick sitting on top, which the researchers used to infiltrate the colony.
But the disguise was effective; the emperor penguins allowed the rover to approach close enough to read their tags. Some birds even interacted with it - vocalising at the fake chick.
"Scientists do not generally speak about disturbance they cause," Dr Le Maho told BBC News.
"But I have always been very concerned with that - it relates to both science and ethics."
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A cub escapes deep snow by hitching a ride on its mother's backside in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada.
Taken by Daisy Gilardini, from Switzerland, the photo is one of 25 shortlisted for the People's Choice Award in the latest Wildlife Photographer of the Year Competition - on show now at the Natural History Museum in London.
Scroll down to see all 25 images, pre-selected by the museum from almost 50,000 submissions from 95 countries.
A mother's hand
Alain Mafart Renodier, France
Alain Mafart Renodier was on a winter visit to Japan's Jigokudani Snow Monkey Park when he took this photograph of a sleeping baby Japanese macaque, its mother's hand covering its head protectively.
Opportunistic croc
Bence Mate, Hungary
Although this shot was taken from a safe hide, Bence Mate says it was chilling to see the killing eyes of this 4m (13ft) Nile crocodile. This one had been baited with natural carcasses on an island in the Zimanga Private Game Reserve, South Africa, but crocodiles also come here just to bask in the Sun.
The stare of death
Johan Kloppers, South Africa
Johan Kloppers saw this little wildebeest shortly after it was born in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa. Little did he know that he would witness its death later that same day. The small herd of wildebeest walked right past a pride of lions, and the calf was caught by a lioness and then taken by this male lion.
Monkey ball
Thomas Kokta, Germany
Cold temperatures on Shodoshima Island, Japan, sometimes lead to monkey balls, where a group of five or more snow monkeys huddle together to keep warm. Thomas Kokta climbed a tree to get this image.
Facing the storm
Gunther Riehle, Germany
Gunther Riehle arrived at the sea-ice in Antarctica in sunshine, but by the evening a storm had picked up - and then came snow. He concentrated on taking images of the emperor penguin chicks huddled together to shield themselves.
Ghostly snow geese
Gordon Illg, US
These snow geese almost seemed like ghosts in the pink early morning light as they landed among sandhill cranes in the Bosque del Apache National Wildlife Refuge, New Mexico, US.
Sisters
Bernd Wasiolka, Germany
Bernd Wasiolka encountered a large lion pride at a waterhole in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park, South Africa. One of the two males spray-marked the branches of a nearby tree. Later two females sniffed the markings and for a brief moment both adopted the same posture.
Into the fray
Stephen Belcher, New Zealand
Stephen Belcher spent a week photographing golden snub-nosed monkeys in a valley in the Zhouzhi Nature Reserve in the Qinling Mountains, China. The monkeys have very thick fur, which they need to withstand the freezing nights in winter. This image shows two males about to fight, one already up on a rock, the other bounding in with a young male.
Head-on
Tapio Kaisla, Finland
Tapio Kaisla took a trip to Dovrefjell-Sunndalsfjell National Park, Norway, to find these oxen in their natural habitat. Even though spring is not rutting season for these animals, they were already seriously testing their strength against each other. The air rang out with the loud bang of the head-on collision.
Colorado red
Annie Katz, US
It was a crisp, clear day in January when Annie Katz saw this Colorado red fox hunting in her neighbour's field in Aspen, Colorado, US. The light was perfect, and she took the photo as the fox approached her, looking right into the lens of her camera.
The couple
Sergio Sarta, Italy
During a dive off the coast of Tulamben, Bali, Indonesia, Sergio Sarta saw a bright-coloured organism - a fire urchin with an elegant couple of little Coleman shrimps. The fire urchin has quills that are very toxic to humans - the shrimps avoid this danger by seeking out safe areas between the quills.
Jelly starburst
Andrea Marshall, US
Andrea Marshall was snorkelling off the coast of Mozambique when she came across hundreds of large jelly-fish. Many were covered with brittle stars - opportunistic riders, taking advantage of this transport system to disperse along the coast. Delicate lighting makes the jelly glow, so the viewer can focus on the subtle colours and textures.
The stand-off
Michael Lambie, Canada
It was breeding season and all the male turkeys were putting on a show for the females, but a number of birds seemed a little confused. This one was more concerned with the potential suitor in front of it, not realising it was its own reflection.
Into the night
Karine Aigner, US
During the summer months, 20 million Mexican free-tailed bats arrive at Bracken Cave in San Antonio, Texas, US, to give birth and raise their young. Each evening at dusk, the hungry mothers emerge into the night in a vortex, circling out through the entrance and rising into the sky to feed on insects.
Willow up close
David Maitland, UK
David Maitland photographed the crystallised chemical salicin, which comes from willow tree bark. Salicin forms the basis of the analgesic Aspirin - no doubt this is why some animals seek out willow bark to chew on.
The blue trail
Mario Cea, Spain
The kingfisher frequented this natural pond every day, and Mario Cea used a high shutter speed with artificial light to photograph it. He used several units of flash for the kingfisher and a continuous light to capture the wake as the bird dived down towards the water.
Eye in focus
Ally McDowell, US/UK
Ally McDowell often focuses on colours and patterns underwater - and this is the eye of a parrotfish during a night dive.
Spiral
Marco Gargiulo, Italy
Sabella spallanzanii is a species of marine polychaete, also known as a bristle worm. The worm secretes mucus that hardens to form a stiff, sandy tube that protrudes from the sand. It has two layers of feeding tentacles that can be retracted into the tube, and one of the layers forms a distinct spiral.
Eye contact
Guy Edwardes, UK
The Dalmatian pelican, seen here on Lake Kerkini, Greece, is the largest species of pelican in the world. It is native to eastern Europe, Russia and Asia. However, its population is currently threatened in some areas from hunting, water pollution and habitat loss, particularly a decline in wetlands.
Confusion
Rudi Hulshof, South Africa
Rudi Hulshof wanted to capture the uncertainty of the future of the southern white rhino in the Welgevonden Game Reserve, South Africa, because of poaching. He anticipated the moment when these two rhinos would walk past each other, creating this silhouette effect and the illusion of a two-headed rhino.
Tasty delicacy
Cristobal Serrano, Spain
The natural world provides countless magical moments, none more so than the delicate moment a tiny, elegant hummingbird softly inserts its slender bill into the corolla of a flower to drink nectar. Cristobal Serrano was lucky enough to capture that exact moment in Los Quetzales National Park, Costa Rica.
Breakfast time
Cari Hill, New Zealand
Shortly after purchasing the Giraffe Manor in Nairobi, Kenya, the owners learned that the only remaining Rothschild's giraffes in the country were at risk, as their sole habitat was being subdivided into smallholdings. So they began a breeding programme to reintroduce the Rothschild's giraffe into the wild. Today, guests can enjoy visits from resident giraffes in search of a treat.
Caterpillar curl
Reinhold Schrank, Austria
Reinhold Schrank was at Lake Kerkini, Greece, taking pictures of birds, but the conditions were not ideal, so he looked for other options. He saw this caterpillar on a flower and encouraged it on to a piece of rolled dry straw. He had to work fast because the caterpillar was constantly moving.
Rainbow wings
Victor Tyakht, Russia
The bird's wing acts as a diffraction grating - a surface structure with a repeating pattern of ridges or slits. The structure causes the incoming light rays to spread out, bend and split into spectral colours, producing this shimmering rainbow effect.
Vote for the People's Choice Award here before 10 January 2017.
The exhibition runs until 10 September 2017.
Top image: Hitching a ride - by Daisy Gilardini, Switzerland.
A female polar bear and her cub in Wapusk National Park, Manitoba, Canada.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Politicians should not expect a "quick fix" from policies aimed at improving the performance of poorer pupils, a leading expert has said.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Sir Alasdair Macdonald said schools should work together to benefit all the children in their communities.
He advises the Welsh government on raising attainment.
Latest figures show a 31% gap in GCSE performance between children on free school meals and their peers, although this gap has narrowed slightly.
Sir Alasdair, a former London head teacher, was knighted for services to education after he turned around the performance of a school in the deprived Tower Hamlets area.
Data published last week showed that 35.5% of Welsh pupils on free school meals achieved five good passes at GCSE or an equivalent qualification, compared to an overall figure of 60.2%.
In an interview with BBC Wales, Sir Alasdair said progress has been made in recognising and tracking the attainment gap between poorer pupils and their peers, but results would take time and resources.
He said the issues were not open to "short term fixes" which fitted into a political cycle of four or five years.
"The politicians - the secretaries of state or cabinet secretaries - are wanting to show that they have achieved something and I think we are achieving something but it's incremental", Sir Alasdair said.
But narrowing the gap in attainment of over 30% would not be done overnight, he said.
"That's a huge gap - we are not going to close that in two or three years - that is a major task.
"But I think we're setting about it and I think there's a recognition that we'll require resources to do that".
Sir Alasdair advises the Welsh government on its flagship policies aimed at raising the attainment of poorer pupils.
The Pupil Deprivation Grant gives schools £1,050 for each pupil aged five to 15 who receives free school meals.  The aim is that this money should be spent on ways which will improve their attainment.
Last month Education Secretary Kirsty Williams pledged to double the money spent on the poorest younger children through the Early Years Deprivation Grant - currently £300 per eligible three and four year old.
But the cabinet secretary is known to be more doubtful about the benefits of the £20m Schools Challenge Cymru programme which targets advice and resources on 40 underperforming schools.
Sir Alasdair said he had confidence in the Pupil Deprivation Grant and Schools Challenge Cymru which he called "an excellent initiative".
He was formerly head of Morpeth secondary school in Tower Hamlets where he oversaw a significant leap in the performance of pupils.
He said the way schools are measured at the moment is "too narrow" with too much emphasis on the "narrow achievements" of individual schools.
He said schools should be "held responsible for all the pupils in their community not just the ones in their school".

It is thought several Americans are to be approached about replacing Sir Michael Wilshaw, who will stand down as chief inspector in December.
The Sunday Times says a figure working in the publicly funded US Charter schools system could be appointed.
The schools have been credited with boosting attainment in deprived areas.
They have been expanding across the US in recent years, with supporters seeing them as a way of re-energising standards in state education.
Charter schools, like free schools and academies in England, are independent of local authority control.
Government sources have told the BBC that leading educationalists in the US have had to face similar issues to their contemporaries in England, not just in raising standards but in responding to the demands of teaching unions.
A number of British candidates are also reported to be in the running for the Ofsted post.
Christine Blower, the general secretary of the National Union of Teachers, said: "If the government is scouring the world for a new head of Ofsted, they should look to Finland.
"It is universally agreed to have an excellent education system characterised by co-operation, collaboration and trust - a far cry from the Charter School ethos of the US."


Question: Represent the natural language

Question: Fires are still burning at the site of two massive explosions in the Chinese city of Tianjin, some 36 hours after the blasts.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Examples:

"['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'Manchester City denied United another Premier League crown on the final day of last season, but Monday\'s 3-0 win over Aston Villa earned the Old Trafford club a remarkable 13th title in 21 seasons.\n"They focused on the challenge of City and came up trumps," said Ferguson. "Our consistency for the last 20 years is unbelievable."\nOn Robin van Persie: "Robin has been unbelievable. The second goal reminded me of myself, but I can\'t remember when!"\nOn Ryan Giggs: "Deary me, he is a freak, a unique freak. A phenomenal man."\nOn Rafael Da Silva: "I think Rafael will eventually be comparable to Gary Neville."\nOn his own future plans: "Look at me - it\'s taken 10 years off me today. It\'s these tablets, they\'re great!"\nThe win over struggling Aston Villa, inspired by Robin van Persie\'s hat-trick, handed United the points they required to wrap up the league with four games to spare.\nIt made up for the despair of last May, when Ferguson\'s side were denied the title by City on goal difference.\n"This club never gives in," the Scot, 71, added. "From Sir Matt Busby, the Munich Disaster, to rebuilding and to win the European Cup, that tells you the history of United.\n"Every player who comes to this club has to have that engrained. We have lived up to the expectation.\n"What the players had to do was focus on how we lost the league last year and make no mistakes. The focus was good.\n"The one thing I said to them was don\'t lose on inferior goal difference. We\'d never had that before at this club and this season we have corrected that."\nAsked if his current squad was the best of his 26-year reign at Old Trafford, Ferguson responded: "This could arguably be. There is a lot of youth and a lot will get better, we expect that.\n"It is sweet, it doesn\'t matter when you win the title, the consistency has been phenomenal."\nUnited are 16 points clear of nearest rivals City and could finish the campaign with a record-breaking 96, eclipsing the Premier League points total of 95 set by Jose Mourinho\'s Chelsea side in 2004-05.\nUnited\'s four remaining games are against Arsenal, Chelsea, Swansea and West Brom.\nBut even on their way to the title, Ferguson\'s team have had to face the criticism that they lack the quality of United teams of the recent past.\nMedia playback is not supported on this device\n"It\'s dead easy to say that, nostalgia plays tricks on people\'s minds," said Ferguson.\n"Put it in context, we\'ve now got 84 points with four games left. We\'ve never done that."\nOn City\'s title failure, Ferguson added: "The games between the two of us there was nothing in it, but in the rest of them we were far better.\n"We were a far better team than Man City in beating other teams."\nVan Persie\'s second goal against relegation-threatened Villa - a left-foot volley hit first time from Wayne Rooney\'s 35-yard pass - was singled out for particular praise by Ferguson.\n"All the great goals we\'ve scored over the years, from David Beckham through Ole Gunnar Solskjaer, Eric Cantona, that goal has joined that," said the manager.\n"Robin has been unbelievable. Tonight he was unstoppable. The second goal reminded me of myself, but I can\'t remember when!\n"He scored exactly the same goal for Arsenal."\nOn Ryan Giggs securing a 13th Premier League title, Ferguson added: "Deary me, he is a freak, a unique freak. A phenomenal man. We are lucky to have him and Paul Scholes, you are blessed as a manager.\n"You have to look at how lucky you have been and that I have been. Other ingredients come into it but I am lucky to have them."']" == "['represent', 'Sir Alex Ferguson says his Manchester United players "came up trumps" by battling back from last season\'s disappointment to claim a 20th title.']"

A team of military chemical experts is testing for toxic gases at the scene and rescuers have been ordered to wear protective clothing, state media said.
At least 50 people died and hundreds were injured, 71 critically, in the explosions on Wednesday evening.
Meanwhile, search teams found a survivor in the debris on Friday.
The survivor, a firefighter, had been pulled from the ruins of a warehouse, officials said.
The warehouse that exploded in the port area is owned by a company called Ruihai Logistics, which reportedly handles toxic chemicals including sodium cyanide.
City officials said on Friday they still did not know what materials were at the warehouse, or what the cause of the blasts was.
Gao Huaiyou, deputy director of Tianjin's work safety watchdog, told reporters that there were major discrepancies between the accounts of company managers and customs officials. He said damage to the company's office also made it difficult to identify the chemicals.
But officials said the site had been sealed off and, as far as they knew, any contaminants were contained in that location.
Fires were still sending plumes of smoke over the destroyed buildings, burned out vehicles and crumpled shipping containers that bore the brunt of the explosions.
More than 3,500 residents made homeless by the blasts spent the night in temporary shelters.
The People's Daily, the official newspaper of the Chinese Communist Party, said that emergency services were "trying to remove all the 700 tons of sodium cyanide" stored at the site.
The paper said that hydrogen peroxide had been prepared to detoxify the chemical.
It added that the facility's construction "clearly violated" safety rules.
The head of Tianjin's environmental protection bureau, Wen Wurui, said pollution levels were being monitored.
What we know about explosions: Much of what happened is unclear, but here is what we do know
Tianjin in profile: More about Tianjin, one of the busiest ports in the world
'Seismic scale' of blasts: The explosions were so large they registered on seismometers
Blast 'like end of the world': Residents' stories
Pictures reveal devastation: The latest images from Tianjin
'Netizens' critical of coverage silenced: Authorities remove posts from social media
"It would be harmful if you breathe in [this toxic air] for a long time," he said.
"But at present, it has not exceeded [the standard] too much based on our monitoring."
Water discharge points to the sea had been closed, he said.
At least 17 firefighters are among the dead, state-run news agency Xinhua said. Fire crews were already at the scene when the explosions took place, having been called to reports of a container fire.
The Tianjin Port Group Company said dozens of its employees were unaccounted for, Xinhua added.
The two explosions, seconds apart, caused a fireball visible from space and a shockwave that smashed windows several kilometres away.
Chinese Premier Li Keqiang has promised "open and transparent information disclosure" on the investigation.

Five people were immediately killed by the leak on Sunday, while another five died later in hospital, said local authorities in a post on Weibo.
Officials are investigating the cause.
China has tightened industrial safety regulations following a chemical blast in Tianjin that killed 140 people.
Local authorities named the company responsible for Sunday's leak as Zouping County Shandong Fukai Stainless Steel Company.
They added that the seven survivors were in stable condition.
The Tianjin blast in August decimated a large part of the city's port. The high-profile incident reignited nationwide concerns about industrial safety and proximity of industrial areas to residential districts.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A 12-year-old boy from north London has won Channel 4's Child Genius show.

Rahul, who lives in Barnet, beat his nine-year-old opponent - Ronan - 10-4 in the programme's final.
Rahul, who has an IQ high enough to be a member of Mensa, fought off competition from 19 children aged eight to 12 in the week-long show.
He clinched the title by answering a question on 19th Century artists William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais.
This series of Child Genius started on Monday and was screened every evening this week. It was Channel 4's most watched programme each day, with an average audience of 1.8 million tuning in for the final.
In the final, Rahul's chosen subject was Edward Jenner's medical innovation and methodology in 18th Century England. He and Ronan both scored 15 in their specialist fields.
He had been expecting to face 11-year-old Joshua in Saturday's final but Ronan's knowledge of 1666 London saw him get the place.
1. Selim I took control of which empire in 1512?
2. Calculate 22 x 8, then subtract 19, multiply by 8 and divide by 2
3. In revolutionary France, who led the committee of public safety?
4. Calculate 41 x 8, subtract 24, multiply by 5, divide by 4 and add 19
5. What is the freezing point of water in degrees kelvin?
6. Calculate 20 x 7, subtract 16, multiply by 6, divide by 8 and add 18
7. The winning question: of which artistic brotherhood were William Holman Hunt and John Everett Millais?
Rahul said he was "extremely delighted to win" and congratulated Ronan and the other contestants.
Dylan, 12, came third with Joshua in fourth place. The only girl in the final, 10-year-old Aliyah, came fifth.
Rahul had impressed audiences and quizmaster Richard Osman in the first round on Monday by answering every question he was asked correctly.
Rahul's father, Minesh, entered him into the competition and called his success a "phenomenal achievement".
Although the show has been criticised for putting children under pressure, the host said he "didn't mind people going through a bit of trauma".
"I don't mind people going through difficulty," Osman told the Radio Times.
"I don't mind people crying. Because that happens in life."
1. The Ottoman empire
2. 628
3. Maximilien Robespierre
4. 399
5. 273
6. 111
7. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood

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24 November 2014 Last updated at 06:58 GMT
Akai Osei from the 4 O'Clock Club was one of the lucky few in the running to win a prize.
So Newsround followed him on his big day to see how he got on...


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Flanker Justin Tipuric will play his first game for five months when Ospreys face Belgium near Brussels on Friday.

Tipuric, 27, has not played since suffering concussion playing for Wales against Italy on 19 March.
The 2013 British and Irish Lion missed Wales' summer tour of New Zealand as a result of the injury.
Ospreys will be without a number internationals who did play on the tour, including Alun Wyn Jones, Rhys Webb, Dan Lydiate and Dan Biggar.
Tipuric fell heavily at a lineout in the 64-17 Six Nations win over Italy and missed the remainder of the 2015-16 season.
He returned to training with the region in early July and said at the time: "I'm feeling healthy and enjoying pre-season."
Ospreys (v Belgium): Dafydd Howells; Tom Williams, Joe Thomas, Jonathan Spratt (Capt), Keelan Giles; Luke Price, Matthew Aubrey; Gareth Thomas, Hugh Gustafson, Rhodri Jones, Rhys Jones, Rory Thornton, Josh Cole, Justin Tipuric, Rob McCusker.
Replacements: Alex Dunham, Rowan Jenkins, Ma'afu Fia, Mitchell Walsh, Tyler Ardron, Joe Bearman, Tom Grabham, Josh Matavesi, Ashley Beck, Morgan Williams.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The 34-year-old Italy international played 46 times for Saracens and most recently played for Zebre in the Pro12.
Aguero has been registered and is eligible to play against Stade Francais in Leicester's opening Champions Cup game on Friday.
The match at Welford Road starts gets under way at 19:45 GMT.


Question:
represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story Examples:
Provided: ['this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article!', '.'] Match: ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.', 'Liu Xiaobo, a Chinese dissident and Nobel Peace Prize laureate, has spent years in prison for calling for political change in his country. For more than half of his marriage to Liu Xia he has been imprisoned, and now he is dying of cancer. The BBC\'s Celia Hatton looks back at how the couple\'s love survived.\nThey fought to be allowed to marry each other. But when the government in Beijing finally backed down, permitting one of its unrelenting critics to marry his love, problems remained.\nThe camera that was supposed to take the couple\'s official marriage picture wouldn\'t work. The photographer was left scratching his head. Chinese marriage certificates aren\'t valid unless they contain an official portrait snapped at the scene.\nSo, Liu Xiaobo and and his would-be wife, Liu Xia, improvised. They found single photos of themselves and stuck them side by side. The makeshift photo was stamped and finally, they were married.\nThat was in 1996.\nGetting married was a small victory for the couple. It gave Liu Xia the right to visit her new husband in the grim labour camp in north-eastern China where he had recently been imprisoned. Liu Xia made the 1,600km (1,000 miles) round trip from Beijing every month.\n"The train to the concentration camp," she wrote in a poem. "Sobbing pass and running over my body/ Yet I still couldn\'t hold your hand."\nTheir wedding banquet was in the labour camp\'s cafeteria, a scenario that would prove to be symbolic. Throughout their intense romance, the Chinese government was a relentless and interfering third wheel, the uninvited partner providing a constant backdrop to their interactions.\nBy all accounts, Liu Xiaobo and Liu Xia were inseparable, except when they were forcibly separated.\nLiu Xiaobo started as a brilliant writer and a beloved professor who was often invited to speak and study abroad.\nIn the spring of 1989, he was in New York City when he heard about the pro-democracy protests making their way to Tiananmen Square. He returned home to China at once.\nXiaobo helped spur on the protesters, as their calls for political reform rose to a crescendo, and then helped to negotiate with Chinese soldiers for many of the students to leave without harm.\nIt is still a state secret how many were killed by government forces in June 1989, but most agree the death toll would have been far higher without Liu Xiaobo.\nThat made little difference to the government.\nDays after the silence fell on Tiananmen, Xiaobo was placed in a secret detention centre. He stayed there for almost twenty months. When he was released, he had lost nearly everything, including his prestigious teaching job and his home.\nIt was then that Liu Xiaobo connected with the light of his life: an exuberant young poet named Liu Xia.\n"I found all the beauty in the world in this one woman," he reportedly told a friend.\nSix years younger, she was already recognised as a gifted writer. Her close friend, the writer Liao Yiwu, said that back then, she was always giggling. Xia\'s high tolerance for alcohol was also legendary; she could drink her friends under the table. Xiaobo adored large meals, but would only drink Coca-Cola.\nLiu Xia came from a privileged background, the daughter of a high-ranking banking official. She was expected to become a civil servant too, but had recently given up that stable life in favour of writing.\nAgainst all odds, Xia\'s parents encouraged her relationship with Xiaobo, despite his political troubles.\nIn the early days, the couple tried to establish the semblance of a normal life. Xiaobo moved into Xia\'s apartment, not far from Tiananmen Square, and they made a life together.\nLiu Xiaobo was under near-constant surveillance by security agents, who pressured him to stop writing about the need for democracy, to stop criticising China\'s one-party state.\n"You must understand: If the government persecutes someone, the first thing they try to do is disturb their private life" explains the couple\'s friend, Tienchi Martin-Liao.\n"They will separate the couple. If someone is in jail, their family\'s life ends too."\nThe couple never seriously considered having a larger family, Tienchi says.\n"I asked him once, \'Hey, why don\'t you have a child with Liu Xia?\'" Tienchi continues.\n"Xiaobo told me: \'I do not want that child, a son or a daughter, to see their father be taken away by the police\'.\n"He told me that. That is the reason why the couple never had children."\nTienchi worked as Liu Xiaobo\'s editor, spending hours on the phone with him. Xia would sometimes bring him soup while he was on the phone, and Tienchi would listen to him happily slurp it down.\nLater, when Xiaobo was handed his final prison sentence, the one that would put him behind bars for 11 years, Tienchi switched to speaking with Xia, who often sobbed on the phone.\n"Of course she loves him and she is willing to do everything for him," Tienchi explained. "And sometimes she complains. Not really complains but still she says, \'Well, I have never had a peaceful day since I am with you together.\'\n"Which is true, which is totally true. Which doesn\'t mean that she wants to leave him or anything like that. She just wants to emphasise how difficult and under what hard conditions their love connection to each other has survived."\nEven when Liu Xiaobo was out of prison, the couple was rarely left alone for long.\n"Because he has written so many socially critical articles, a lot of underprivileged people would go to his house," Tienchi Liao remembers.\n"He doesn\'t even know them. They just knock at his door and ring the bell at his house and say, \'please help me, some injustice has happened to me\'. And mostly, he would help those people."\nLiu Xiaobo once recalled that even the pleasures of a birthday party were sometimes impossible.\nHe once told a Hong Kong newspaper, "at Liu Xia\'s birthday, her best friend brought two bottles of wine but they were blocked by the police from my home. I ordered a cake and the police also rejected the man who delivered the cake to us. I quarrelled with them and the police said, "it is for your security. Bomb attacks are common these days."\nBut Xiaobo didn\'t ever decide to stop his work, even when it interfered with his home life with Xia. And some of that drive he blamed on his concern for her future.\n"Liu Xiaobo frankly explained that he wanted to take advantage of the energy that he still has," his biographer and close friend, the writer Yu Jie, wrote.\n"So he could save up more money for Liu Xia, just in case one day something happened to him. At least Liu Xia would still be able to live without worrying about food and clothing."\nSome intellectuals said he wrote too many articles, and some of them lacked polish.\nEverything changed when Liu Xiaobo helped to draft and circulate Charter 08, the document calling for an end to China\'s one-party rule that would land him in prison.\nXia had always stayed away from Xiaobo\'s political commentary, but she told the filmmaker Ai Xiaoming that she knew Charter 08 heralded trouble.\n"I saw it coming early on," she explained. "\'From the time that the first draft of Charter 08 appeared in my home, to when Xiaobo threw himself into revising it, I just knew that something terrible was going to happen."\n"Did you read it?" Ai asked her.\n"I had no interest in doing so," she answered. "But I knew there\'d be big trouble. I tried to tell Xiaobo, but it was no use. I could only do what I\'d done in the past - patiently wait for calamity to descend."\nBefore Charter 08 was officially released, Xiaobo was taken away. At his trial almost a year later, he was found guilty of trying to overthrow the state.\nHis last public statement, made to the court in 2009, ended with an acknowledgement to his wife.\nHe said: "Throughout all these years that I have lived without freedom, our love was full of bitterness imposed by outside circumstances, but as I savour its aftertaste, it remains boundless.\n"I am serving my sentence in a tangible prison, while you wait in the intangible prison of the heart. Your love is the sunlight that leaps over high walls and penetrates the iron bars of my prison window, stroking every inch of my skin, warming every cell of my body, allowing me to always keep peace, openness, and brightness in my heart, and filling every minute of my time in prison with meaning.\n"My love for you, on the other hand, is so full of remorse and regret that it at times makes me stagger under its weight."\nIt\'s unclear how much Liu Xiaobo knew about Xia\'s living conditions after he began his final prison sentence.\nShortly after he won the Nobel Peace Prize in 2010 she was placed under strict house arrest, confined to her small apartment in Beijing.\nWhen speaking with the BBC in 2010, Liu Xia said she couldn\'t give Xiaobo any detailed information about her house arrest. "We were not allowed to talk about these things. We couldn\'t talk about these things. Anyhow, I thought he could understand me. I just told him, \'I live a life similar to yours\'."\n"Originally I thought, when it just happened, that I would just be locked in for about a month or two. Time flies, now I\'ve been locked for two years."\nAs the years under house arrest dragged on, Xia became clinically depressed.\nShe had intermittent access to a phone, but could only phone a few close family members. A group of police would take Xia to see Xiaobo on occasions, but those visits were closely watched by the authorities, who would halt conversations if too much was shared.\nLiu Xiaobo was finally reunited with his wife only after it was clear that he was dying of liver cancer. After he received medical parole and was transferred to a hospital in northern China, he pushed to leave China for overseas treatment. For Xia\'s sake, sources told the BBC.\n"He worries what will happen when he\'s gone," one friend explained. "He wants to take her out of China, and her brother too."\nTienchi\'s voice drops when asked about the future for Liu Xia after her beloved Xiaobo passes away. "We know that she is very ill, physically and psychologically. We are all worried he doesn\'t have much time to live and we are all worried afterwards what happens to her."\nWhen Xiaobo is gone, Xia will have little left of him. In 2009, she admitted that even Xiaobo\'s poems and letters to her have all but gone.\n"During Xiaobo\'s re-education through labour for three years from 8 October 1996 to 8 October 1999, I wrote him more than 300 letters and he wrote me 2-3 million words. After our home was raided several times, his writings generally disappeared.\n"This is our life."'] Hard Negative: ['this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', "Ond pa mor dda ydych chi am 'nabod eich Llannau? Rhowch gynnig ar gwis Cymru Fyw:"]

Question: About 300,000 journeys are being made every weekend on London's Night Tube service, analysis reveals.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The service, which runs on Friday and Saturday nights, launched on 19 August last year with two lines running. It has run on five lines since December.
The eight millionth journey on the Night Tube is expected to take place this weekend as the service marks its one-year anniversary.
The mayor's office says 3,600 jobs are supported by the Night Tube.
Sadiq Khan said it had been a "huge success" which had "significantly" boosted the night time economy.
The most popular stations are Leicester Square, Oxford Circus, Brixton, Liverpool Street and Stratford.
226,641
Entries and exits on 17 December, the most popular night
153,250 Entries and exits a night on average
6,995 Average number of entries and exits per night of the busiest station, Leicester Square
65 Average number of entries and exits of the least popular station, Fairlop
BBC London has analysed data from Transport for London (TfL) on how many people entered and exited each Tube station every half an hour between 19 August and 18 February.
It shows that:
The service cost Â£20.5m to run in the financial year of 2016-17.
It was first proposed in November 2013 by former mayor Boris Johnson and was due to begin in September 2015.
But it faced a difficult start as a series of strikes over pay delayed trains by nearly a year.
Dates when the Night Tube opened on different lines:
Mr Khan said: "No one could have predicted just how successful the Night Tube would be."
Val Shawcross, deputy mayor for transport, said City Hall were now looking "at how we can move ahead" including expanding to other lines.
The service is due to run on part of the Overground later this year, but Ms Shawcross suggested it could open on the Circle and District "when they've finished their upgrades in the 2020s".
The Night Tube has had some complaints over increased night noise near Tube lines but Ms Shawcross said TfL was "actively working" to reduce complaints.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

It follows the launch of 24-hour services on the Central, Victoria, Jubilee, Piccadilly and Northern lines.
The overground service will start operating from December on Fridays and Saturdays between New Cross Gate and Dalston Junction.
It is also expected to extend to Highbury and Islington next year, Mayor of London Sadiq Khan said.
"Our Night Tube services have been a real success right across the capital, so I'm delighted to announce that we'll be bringing the Night Overground to the East London line later this year", he added.
Due to Crossrail work taking place at Whitechapel station, London Overground night services will initially not call at that station until works are complete.
Services are expected to call at Whitechapel from summer 2018.
The Night Tube is also expected to extend to parts of the Metropolitan, Circle, District, and Hammersmith and City lines once modernisation programmes are complete in 2023.
This year marks the 10th anniversary of the London Overground.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Bob Dylan has written a speech to be delivered at the Nobel Prize ceremony later this week, organisers have said.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

His words "will be read at the Nobel banquet in Stockholm" on 10 December as he is unable to attend the event, according to the Swedish Academy.
The US musician became the literature laureate in October, but initially failed to acknowledge the award.
He was called "impolite and arrogant" by a member of the academy, who said he failed to return their phone calls.
Two weeks after the award was announced, on 29 October, the singer phoned the academy's permanent secretary, Sara Danius, to say: "I appreciate the honour so much. The news about the Nobel prize left me speechless."
Separately, he told the Telegraph the honour was "hard to believe", adding: "Whoever dreams about something like that?"
The academy has yet to reveal who will deliver Dylan's speech.
Patti Smith will cover his 1962 protest song A Hard Rain's A-Gonna Fall at the ceremony.
Dylan was awarded the Nobel prize "for having created new poetic expressions within the great American song tradition", the academy said.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.

The 75-year-old singer was named the shock winner of the prize last week.
But all efforts by the Swedish Academy to contact him have failed, and he has not acknowledged the win in public.
Academy member Per Wastberg told Swedish television: "He is who he is," adding that there was little surprise Dylan had ignored the news.
"We were aware that he can be difficult and that he does not like appearances when he stands alone on the stage," he told Sweden's Dagens Nyheter newspaper in a separate interview.
A reference to the prize was removed from Dylan's website last week.
It is still not known if he will travel to Stockholm to receive the prize on 10 December. If he does not, a ceremony marking his career will go ahead as planned, Mr Wastberg said.
Mr Wastberg called the snub "unprecedented", but one person has previously rejected the Nobel Prize in Literature - French author and philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre in 1964.
And one other recipient was distinctly underwhelmed by the honour conferred upon her by the Swedish Academy.
On learning she had won the prize in 2007, having returned from doing her shopping, the author Doris Lessing responded: "Oh Christ."
However, she did attend the ceremony later that year.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Racist abuse incidents since the Brexit vote have been creating "real fear" amongst ethnic minorities in Yorkshire, religious and community leaders said.

Leeds mosque leader Qari Asim said victims had been spat at or physically attacked but it went unreported because of a lack of confidence in police.
The Muslim Community Safety Forum said police figures did not give a true reflection of the current situation.
West, South and North Yorkshire Police urged people to report hate incidents.
Data supplied to the BBC showed that over the last year, race hate crimes had gone up 13% in Yorkshire.
However, the data also showed that there was no strong link between the EU referendum vote and a rise in the number of racially motivated hate crimes being recorded.
For example, in June 2016, 472 race hate crimes were dealt with by forces in North, South and West Yorkshire - the same number as in March 2016, three months before the referendum was held.
Wakefield councillor Nadeem Ahmed said he had been subjected to racist comments whilst out with his family.
Mr Ahmed, leader of the Conservative group, said for every incident flagged up to police many more went unreported and has urged victims to take a stand.
He said: "If I would have been on my own I wouldn't have been that angry, but my wife and children were in the car - they didn't need to hear that sort of language."
The claims comes as a new report published by the Muslim Community Safety Forum said there needed to be better awareness of how victims can report a hate crime.
Dr Asim, Imam of Leeds Makkah Mosque, said people needed to work together to create a more stable neighbourhood.
He said: "People have voted to leave Europe because they think it's going to make their life better, economically, politically and socially.
"If that doesn't happen in six months' time, I fear there are going to be worse crimes and hate crimes committed against European and South Asian communities."
Angela Williams, Assistant Chief Constable of West Yorkshire Police, said: "We have had a slight increase in incidents reported to us, but only really small increases.
"We believe that they are not being reported through to us, which is the issue. We're trying to raise awareness for people to come forward."

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Khalid Mahmood says the existence of a specialist group might encourage people to report hate crimes formally instead of on social media.
The group would include representatives from West Midlands Police and Birmingham City Council.
Police have stressed there has been no rise in hate crime in the region since the EU referendum.
Mr Mahmood, MP for Birmingham Perry Barr, said: "We need to work properly to be able to ensure all the community is safe.
"By setting up this group people can report directly to the police instead of going through other social media avenues."
While some areas of the country have seen a sharp rise in reports of hate crime in the wake of the referendum, West Midlands Police says there has been no obvious rise in incidents.
BBC Coventry and Warwickshire presenter Trish Adudu revealed she had been racially abused in the street by a man who told her to "go home".
An arson attack on a Walsall halal butchers was found not to be a racial hate crime after initial investigations.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: More than 20 people with Clostridium difficile in the West Midlands have been saved by being fed liquid faeces.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence:

Public Health England's laboratory at Heartlands Hospital in Birmingham has become the largest centre in the UK for faecal transplants.
Scientists there claim a 90% success rate in people whose treatment with conventional antibiotics has failed.
Liquid stools are now being sent from Birmingham to Stoke-on-Trent and Cambridge as part of a wider programme.
Clostridium difficile - or C. diff - is a bacterium which causes extreme diarrhoea in some patients.
Patients who contract it are given three courses of antibiotics to clear it up, but about 10% fail to respond to conventional treatment and become extremely weak.
Professor Peter Hawkey from Birmingham University's School of Immunity and Infection, says about a third of these people can die.
The first patient Prof Hawkey's team treated had been in hospital for 100 days.
Within 24 hours of the transplant, the patient was able to walk around the ward.
Since then, the public health laboratory has treated more than 60 patients.
Clostridium difficile is a bacterium which lives harmlessly in the gut of 10% to 15% of adults.
It causes diarrhoea when the delicate balance of gut flora is disturbed, often following a course of antibiotics.
It is easily spread via airborne spores.
Older people are most at risk from infection, especially those who are frail or with medical conditions. People over the age of 65 account for three-quarters of all cases.
But the technique is not new. It was first used by the Chinese thousands of years ago and has now become the last resort for patients with C. diff in hospital.
Effectively, the patient's gut is being re-colonized with good bacteria which competes with the C. diff and forces it out.
Volunteer faecal donors are screened for diseases before providing samples for five days.
The stools are stored at -80C (-112F) until needed. They are then filtered  with a sterile solution to make a liquid.
A 50ml prescription of the liquid is given to the patient via a tube placed down their nose into their stomach.
Prof Hawkey said: "It looks like black coffee. They don't taste it, they don't vomit. It is very straightforward.
"This is a very nasty disease. In this extreme group, you are looking at a 30% mortality rate - which is a frightening thought.
"We have conservatively saved 20 lives, possibly more."
He said it works better than expensive antibiotics in these patients and is a far cheaper option.
Patient Louise Storer, 46, from Kingsbury was told a faecal transplant was her last option.
"By that stage, I was so ill I would have tried anything to put me out of my misery," she said.
"After 24 hours, I could feel the difference.
"After 48 hours, it was like a miracle. At the time, I didn't like the idea at all, but I can only thank the person who donated for giving me back my life."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

Scientists are devising the new ultra-sensitive test to detect the O55 strain which had never previously been found in an outbreak in the UK.
It first broke out in July 2014, hospitalising two children with acute kidney problems and has since caused outbreaks of infectious diarrhoea.
It is hoped the test will be ready for use on animals in the new year.
Despite an investigation, tests and screening, the source of the strain, which produces a toxin that can lead to fatal kidney failure, has never been traced.
To date the 055 strain has affected 30 people, 10 of them children in areas including Bournemouth, Poole, Weymouth, Blandford and Christchurch. It also affected two cats.
All 10 children and one adult were hospitalised after they developed the complication of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome (HUS) which affects the kidneys.
Noeleen McFarland, from Public Health England, told BBC's Inside Out South: "When it was confirmed we knew we had uncovered something unusual that hadn't been seen in the UK before."
Public Health England said any previous cases of the O55 strain in the UK had been associated with travel.
Following the outbreak, officers were sent out to investigate and test play parks, swimming pools and restaurants visited by those infected seven days prior to them being ill.
"Everything we investigated, tested and sampled was all negative," Mrs McFarland said.
Isaac Mortlock, aged four, from Bournemouth, was hospitalised after contracting the strain.
Isaac's mum Gabrielle Archer said: "His kidney function didn't return to normal and we've been told he will need a transplant in the future."
The new test is being worked on by scientists at the Animal and Plant Health Agency (APHA), based in Surrey using microscopic magnetic beads which picks out the E. coli O55.
Environmental health officers are also wearing bacteria catching socks over their boots to provide samples from areas visited by those who picked up the bug.
Public Health England said the last confirmed outbreak in the county was in mid September.
Watch BBC Inside Out on BBC One in the South at 19:30 BST for more on this story.
Source: Public Health England


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A man has appeared before Dublin District Court charged in connection with the murder of Gareth Hutch.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Thomas Fox, 29, of Rutland Court in Dublin, is charged with unlawful possession of a handgun.
The offence is alleged to have happened at Avondale House on 23 May, the day before Gareth Hutch was killed in the same area.
Gardaí (Irish police) asked that Mr Fox be remanded in custody for a week.
Chief Supt Pat Leahy told the court gardaí were objecting to bail due to the nature and seriousness of the charge.
He said the offence carries a potential sentence of up to 14 years in prison and he said a further more serious charge may be brought against Thomas Fox.
Defence solicitor Yvonne Bambury told the judge that her client had presented himself voluntarily to gardaí, which was "highly unusual" in such circumstances.
She said he did not appear to be a man who did not intend to stand trial. He has no valid passport and would undertake not to apply for any travel documents. She said his partner was due a baby in six weeks' time.
Gareth Hutch, 35, was shot dead outside flats on North Cumberland Street in Dublin, where he lived, on 24 May.
His murder is believed to be the seventh connected to a feud between two criminal gangs.
A woman was remanded in custody accused of withholding information on Tuesday.
Mary McDonnell, 44, of Avondale House on North Cumberland Street, was charged with failing to disclose information that could assist police.
She was remanded in custody to appear in court again on 7 June.
Gareth Hutch was the nephew of Gerard Hutch, a notorious Dublin criminal known as The Monk.
Six people have died in the greater Dublin area since February as a result of a violent dispute between the Hutch and Kinahan gangs.
Earlier this month Patrick Hutch became the first man to be charged with one of the murders.
He is accused of killing David Byrne in a shooting at a boxing weigh-in event at the Regency Hotel in Dublin in February.
The murder of Gerard Hutch's brother, Gary, in Spain last year is believed to have been the first death in the feud.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Vincent Ryan, 25, was shot dead in Finglas in Dublin on Monday after he had dropped off his partner and five-month-old baby.
The gunmen escaped in a silver Volkswagen Golf that was taken during a burglary in County Kildare in October.
Detectives are trying to establish where the car was kept until it was found burned on Monday night.
Irish police do not believe the murder of Mr Ryan, a dissident republican, is connected to the murder of David Byrne at a boxing weigh-in at a Dublin hotel last month.
Mr Ryan had been charged with possession of guns linked to the fatal shooting of Dublin criminal Michael Kelly but was later acquitted, although he remained a suspect in the murder.
His killing is believed to be connected to a feud between dissidents and criminals in Dublin that led to the murder of his brother Alan Ryan three-and-a-half years ago.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A paralysed woman who completed the London Marathon in a "bionic" suit has set her sights on completing the Great North Run.

Claire Lomas, from Leicestershire, will be the first person to take on the Great North Run using a robotic suit.
She will begin the event on Wednesday, five days before the run starts, and complete the final mile on Sunday.
Mrs Lomas, a former event rider, was paralysed from the chest down in a riding accident in 2007.
She broke her neck, back and ribs and punctured a lung when her horse threw her off as she took part in the Osberton Horse Trials in Nottinghamshire.
She said: "Training has been challenging so I am actually just ready to give it a go now."
The 36-year-old will begin her 13.1-mile challenge from Claremont Road in Newcastle, adjacent to the official Great North Run start line, and finish at South Shields, with the aim of completing three miles a day.
In 2012, Mrs Lomas completed the London Marathon in last place, but inspired many people with her courage and determination.
Writing in a blog she said: "My accident was an eventing accident. Horses take up your life. I'd just got to the highest level in the sport about eight months before and it was such a big loss for me.
"But as much as I loved it, it stopped me doing other things so since then life has opened new doors for me.
"I always wanted to do the Great North Run because it looks amazing, with a brilliant atmosphere."
Find out how to get into disability sport with our special guide.
During her five days on Tyneside, she will be talking to children at school assemblies along the route, who will also join her for sections of the walk from Newcastle to South Shields.
Great North Run chief executive, Mark Hollinshead, said: "Claire is an inspiration and we are absolutely delighted to welcome her. Her enthusiasm, positivity and 'can do' attitude is both uplifting and infectious."
Mrs Lomas is raising money for the Nicholls Spinal Injury Foundation which funds research into treating paralysis caused by spinal cord injury.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Kenya's Wilson Kipsang won the men's elite race with a time of 2:04:44 and Mary Keitany, also from Kenya, defended her title with a time of 2:18:37.
The men's wheelchair race was won by Britain's David Weir, his sixth victory, and fellow Briton Shelly Woods won the women's event.
But a woman runner collapsed and died near the finish of the 26.2-mile race.
The event's organisers say the 30-year-old fell as she approached Buckingham Palace.
Medical attention was given at the scene, but she was declared dead later in the afternoon.
More than 100 people were attempting to break world records during the race.
David Stone beat six competitors to break the Guinness World Record for the fastest marathon dressed as a book character.
The 42-year-old from Exmouth, in Devon, dressed as Count Dracula and completed the run in two hours 42 minutes, smashing the previous record of three hours and two minutes.
He is already a record holder after dressing as Superman last year to break the record for fastest marathon dressed as a superhero.
Fauja Singh, believed to be the oldest marathon runner at 101, completed his race in seven hours and 49 minutes.
The east Londoner has said this would be his last marathon so he can concentrate on shorter distances and faster times.
Sasha Kenney, 34, raised more than Â£2,000 for the NSPCC when she broke the six-hour mark for the quickest hula hooping runner. She completed it in a time of five hours and five minutes.
Other records broken on Sunday included the fastest marathon dressed as a jester in three hours one minute by Alexander Scherz, the fastest marathon dressed as a Roman Soldier in two hours and 57 minutes by David Tomlin and the fastest marathon dressed as a vegetable in two hours and 59 minutes by Edward Lumley.
Brother and sister George and Charley Phillips, from Hammersmith, west London, broke the record for the fastest marathon time on stilts coming in at six hours and 50 minutes.
Prince Harry, who had earlier met volunteers at the event, was at the finishing line on The Mall to congratulate runners.
He told BBC 5 Live: "It's the first time I've been on the finish line to watch it. It's fantastic - a great atmosphere. Everyone's very, very happy."
Model Nell McAndrew completed her sixth London Marathon in under three hours for the first time.
Also completing the marathon was BBC newsreader Sophie Raworth, 43, who was running for St John Ambulance.
In 2011 she crashed into a barrier on the side of the road and blacked out when she reached the 23-mile mark.
She completed the marathon in three hours 56 minutes and said: "It was very hard. That was the first time I managed to go all the way round upright because last year I managed to have a bit of a disaster and collapsed.
"I found myself running the first 20 miles with a professor of sport so I reckoned that if I was to collapse again he'd probably know the warning signs."
Claire Lomas began Sunday's marathon as the first person in the UK to wear a "Rewalk" suit.
She suffered spinal injuries in a horse riding accident and is expected to take three weeks to complete the route.
Shadow Chancellor Ed Balls ran his first London Marathon and finished in a time of five hours and 31 minutes.


Question: Horses are a more popular artistic subject than dogs - that's one of 10 illuminating facts unearthed by BBC analysis of Art UK's digital archive, which catalogues more than 200,000 of the nation's oil paintings.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The woman with the most paintings in the collection is the Victorian botanist Marianne North.
Born in 1830, North devoted her life to travelling the world and painting plants.
There is a gallery at Kew Gardens in south-west London dedicated to her work.
North had no formal training, according to the Kew website. However, she put her natural talent to "prolific" use on her travels. During an eight-month stay in Brazil, she finished more than 100 paintings. Instead of painting individual plants, her work typically showed landscapes and natural habitats. The Marianne North Gallery contains 833 paintings by the artist, showing more than 900 species of plant.
North approached Kew and offered to build the gallery in return for her life's work being displayed in it. It opened in 1882.
The Stuart king's execution in 1649 enshrined his status as an object of fascination for artists. There are more than 200 paintings of Charles in the collection, about 40 more than his son, Charles II, who was restored to the monarchy in 1660.
Andrew Ellis, director of Art UK, said: "It does not surprise me that Charles I is the monarch with the most portraits.
"Not only was he the greatest of royal patrons and collectors of art but he was also keenly interested in how art could promote the image of kingship. Some of the portraits date from after his death including one in King's Lynn Town Hall, which was the subject of a sonnet written for Art UK by the poet John Fuller."
Maritime trade, sailing and naval power have long captured the imagination of artists.
We counted up the words used to describe the paintings in the collection. Boat (12th), sailing (14th), mast (16th), ship (17th), wave (18th), sea (22nd), sail (25th) and rigging (42nd) all feature in the top 50.
Pieter van der Merwe, the general editor of the National Maritime Museum, said the emergence of the seascape as an art form in England was imported from the Netherlands in the 17th Century.
"It's a British taste, but where did we get the taste for maritime art? We did not invent it ourselves, we got it from the Dutch," he said.
We may be a nation of dog lovers, but there are more horses than dogs in the collection, according to the list of the most popular tags.
The horse is the most popular animal tag (49th), followed by dog (132nd), bird (138th), cow (140th), sheep (172nd) and fish (200th).
Pictured is the Scottish painter George Harvey's depiction of a horse from 1836.
John Everett's 1,058 oil paintings form the largest collection by a male artist.
Dorchester-born Everett, a well-connected Edwardian, was a graduate of the Slade School of Fine Art who lived his life according to his dual passions - painting and sailing.
His life and work remained relatively unknown until art historian Gwen Yarker began researching his biography.
The majority of his art lies in the storerooms of the National Maritime Museum in Greenwich, while his landscapes can be viewed at Dorset County Museum.
Ms Yarker said Everett shunned fame, was ambivalent about exhibiting and reluctant to take the limelight.
"Art history has not been kind to him," she said.
Works of art can be handed over instead of inheritance tax.
Under the scheme, the government accepts the item at market value, and hands it over to a public museum or gallery.
Andrew Ellis said: "We are aware that we are still missing key information for many of the paintings on the site. Who is the artist? Who is the sitter? Where is the landscape?
"The Art Detective sub-site of Art UK is helping to fill in some of this missing information with the incredible help of the general public."
BBC News examined the dates of the paintings in the collection.
The median year was 1910, meaning half of the paintings we have a creation date for came before that date, and half afterwards.
However, we could only ascertain dates for about half of the 214,000 artworks. Some 74,000 paintings had no year at all, and another 27,000 used either date ranges or other descriptions.
Earlier works are less likely to be dated as record-keeping was poor.
Andrew Ellis said: "At the other end of the scale, some 50% of the collections on the site have fewer than 10 paintings."
What is Art UK?
The data analysed relates to the artwork in Art UK's digital archive.
Photo credits for collage picture: City of Edinburgh Council, Penlee House Gallery and Museum, Tate, Jersey Heritage, Budleigh Salterton Town Council, Wolverhampton Arts and Heritage, Ferens Art Gallery, Manchester Art Gallery
Reporting team: BBC England data unit: Pete Sherlock, Paul Bradshaw

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Just 3% of the collection is available for the public to view, said the Taxpayers' Alliance.
Its freedom of information requests showed that one local council -  Carlisle, in Cumbria - displayed just 0.02% of the 864,100 works it owned.
The alliance called on the government to improve the number of works on show.
It acknowledged that selling off items, many of which were bequeathed specifically to be put on public display, could be "inappropriate", but suggested councils could consider loaning artwork to schools and community centres.
"No one is proposing a wholesale sell-off of art owned by the government but, nonetheless, the scale of the collection is staggering," said Jonathan Isaby, chief executive of the alliance.
"Public bodies and local authorities should make an effort to display more of their art for people to enjoy, and they also need to take a good, hard look at their art portfolio and think about what does and does not need to be retained."
The most valuable item owned by the state is Henry VIII's armour for field and tournament, which was acquired by the Royal Armouries in 1649 and is now estimated to be worth £53.6 million.
A painting by LS Lowry, called Lancashire Fair: Good Friday, Daisy Nook, is the most expensive item in the collection not owned by a gallery.
Bought in 1947 for just £120, it is now worth an estimated £3.5 million. It currently hangs in the Department for Culture, Media and Sport - but has been loaned to several institutions, including Tate Britain, the Ulster Museum and The Lowry, over the last five years.
It is also available to see on the BBC's Your Paintings site, which aims to catalogue every oil painting in the UK national collection.
The suggestion here is that a valuable asset owned by the taxpayer is being mismanaged: If these artworks and artefacts are not being made available for the public to see, then sell them and put the money into the public coffers.
But that overlooks one of the purposes for which people and authorities buy art, and that is PR or soft power. Go to almost any ambassador's official residence and you will see great examples of art from his or her home country. Their job is not to be merely decorative, but to communicate the values, status and culture of a country. It brings a certain credibility, authority and a confident swagger to proceedings. It is working hard for its place on the wall.
That said, there is far, far too much art that is owned by authorities and museums that is merely gathering dust in storerooms across the country, which really ought to be made available to the public. There's many a school wall, for instance, that would benefit from a high quality art work. It would bring hidden benefits, just as the oil painting in the ambassador's residence does.
Amongst local councils, Manchester City Council owns the most valuable collection - of 46,347 pieces, worth some £347 million. Of those, 1,017 (2.1%) are on display.
North Hertfordshire council did not reveal how many pieces it owned, but it has the largest collection of any local authority, with "over a million pieces".
The Taxpayers' Alliance also noted that, since austerity measures came into place, the government had continued to buy pieces for the national collection.
Between 2010 and 2015, the state bought art worth £361,320, including a £40,000 sculpture by the contemporary Brtitish artist Mel Brimfield, and a £22,500 work by Jim Lamble.
"At a time when we are making necessary savings, it is only reasonable to ask whether some of the recent purchases represent value for taxpayers' money," said Mr Isaby.
A spokesman from the Department for Culture, Media and Sport said the suggestion that only 3% of publicly-owned works were on display "does not apply to the Government Art Collection, which has 58.3% of its artwork currently on display in British government buildings in the UK and around the world".
"The works of art are seen by thousands of visitors including heads of state, public figures and the general public."
The Government Art Collection was founded in 1898 to promote British art and culture to the world and includes more than 13,000 items, dating from the 16th Century to the present day.
It includes works by, among others, John Constable, William Hogarth and Lucian Freud. Hundreds of them were displayed at the Whitechapel Gallery in London in 2010 and 2011; and members of the public can tour the collection by appointment.


Question: this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The US Department of Justice has launched a civil rights investigation into a police shooting of a black man in Louisiana.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Video footage appeared to show two white police officers holding down and fatally shooting Alton Sterling, 37, in Baton Rouge.
Louisiana Governor John Bel Edwards said the US attorney's office, the FBI and state police will also be involved.
"The video is disturbing to say the least," he said.
Baton Rouge Police Chief Carl Dabadie Jr said Mr Sterling was armed at the time of the confrontation, but questions still remain about the circumstances surrounding his death.
"Like you, there is a lot that we do not understand. And at this point, like you, I am demanding answers," the chief said.
The shooting on Tuesday sparked protests from about 200 people who gathered at the scene where Mr Sterling was shot, blocking roads and chanting: "Black lives matter".
The governor called for unity and urged protesters to remain calm as authorities conduct an investigation into the shooting.
"I have full confidence that this matter will be investigated thoroughly, impartially and professionally, and I will demand that's the way it's conducted." Governor Bel Edwards said.
Officers Blane Salamoni and Howie Lake II were placed on administrative leave over the death, officials said.
The incident comes amid mounting tension in the US over the deaths of black men at the hands of police.
There are more than 1,000 deadly shootings by police in the US each year, and disproportionate numbers of those killed are black Americans.
Police spokesman Cpl L'Jean McKneely said the officers had been called in after reports that a man selling CDs outside a convenience store had threatened someone with a gun.
Mobile video footage appeared to show two officers wrestling a man in a red shirt to the floor.
One of the officers pinned the man's arm to the floor with his knee and then appeared to pull out his gun and point it at the man.
A voice is heard shouting: "He's got a gun. Gun." Then shots ring out and the camera moves away.
Mr Sterling, a father of five, died at the scene.
Cameron Sterling, Mr Sterling's 15-year-old son, began crying at a news conference as his mother spoke.
"He had to watch this as this was put all over the outlets," Quinyetta McMillon, Cameron Sterling's mother said.
"As a mother I have now been forced to raise a son who is going to remember what happened to his father."
Michael McClanahan, president of the city's local NAACP, which is an African-American civil rights organisation, told reporters Mr Sterling's death was indicative of a greater problem with the "the culture of the Baton Rouge Police Department".
"This incident is one of many," he said.
The BBC went to one of the city's toughest neighbourhoods, postal code 70805, which adjoins the district where Mr Sterling was killed.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence E.g.:
['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'A row erupted after council proposals for new contracts for more than 2,000 staff that would result in wage cuts of up to 23%.\nThe authority fears it could face equal pay claims from other employees if it does not make the cuts.\nHundreds attended a rally to "celebrate the work of Durham\'s teaching assistants".\nClaire Williams, Northern Regional Secretary of Unison said: "There is positive progress being made... we are really keen to  get a resolution to this dispute quickly for our teaching assistants as it\'s been a very stressful year for them."\nThe new contracts were originally proposed for January but after industrial action in November the plan was suspended.\nMembers of the Unison and ATL unions were due to strike again for three days in December but that was called off to restart talks.\nThe council says its review of the matter should be completed in September.'] == ['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'Talks held between teaching assistant unions and Durham County Council are "progressing positively", Unison said.']

Scott Greene, 46, was arrested after turning himself in hours after the shootings early on Wednesday in the Des Moines area.
He is accused of murdering Justin Martin, 24, and Anthony Beminio, 38, in separate incidents.
The officers were both shot dead while sitting in their stationary squad cars.
What we know about the Iowa suspect
How many US police officers die each year?
The motive for the attacks is unclear. However, police have confirmed that Mr Greene was known to them.
He had been involved in an incident at a school involving the waving of a Confederate flag in front of black people.
The Confederate flag is widely seen as a symbol of slavery.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Lancashire head coach Glen Chapple says the club's signings this winter have given the squad a good mix of youth and experience ahead of the new season.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary
Examples:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Bothies - remote shelters in the wilderness where walkers can spend the night free of charge - have long been one of Scotland\'s best-kept secrets. A new book has revealed the location of 80 of the mountain huts.\nFor more than 50 years the Mountain Bothies Association (MBA) has maintained an eclectic network of shelters across the wilderness areas of Scotland.\nThe vast majority are single-storey crofts or huts for shepherds which have long since been abandoned.\nThe secluded hideaways became popular with ramblers and hillwalkers but many were falling into ruin before a group of climbers and walkers formed the MBA to take on their upkeep, with the permission of the owners of the vast estates on which they sit.\nThe bothy network has never been advertised to tourists and information was always spread by word of mouth between those in the know.\nBut long-time bothy enthusiast Geoff Allan decided five years ago that the time was right to produce the definitive guide to Scotland\'s bothies.\nThe author of the Scottish Bothy Bible told BBC Scotland: "Part of the reason it took so long was that I only went out in weather windows to get all the photography in good weather.\n"In Scotland that takes quite a bit of time."\nMr Allan, 47, originally from Suffolk, has been based in Edinburgh since he was at university in the city.\nHe says he joined the mountaineering club at Edinburgh University and soon started to use the bothy network.\n"I come from a youth hostelling background," he says.\n"So free accommodation out on the hills caught my imagination.\n"Basically I have never really had any money. I would have had many more weeks in self-catering accommodation but it always seems to have been bothies."\nMr Allan, who was a surveyor but who now works as a photographer and creative artist, says: "I had a car when I was planning the bothy research but it got scrapped because I could not afford to run it so I have been to all the bothies by bike and public transport."\nThe Mountain Bothy Association (MBA), which does not own the buildings it maintains, said it had no input into Mr Allan\'s book but that the author was acting as an "ambassador" for the movement.\nNeil Stewart, a trustee of the MBA, said it had published the grid references of the bothies online in 2009 so the "genie was out of the bottle".\nHe said he was happy for Mr Allan to promote the work of the bothy movement as long as people who used the shelters stuck to the strict code of "respect for the buildings, for the environment and other people using the bothy".\nOne of the few purpose-built shelters on the list is built in memory of Dr Arthur Gilbertson Hutchison, a keen outdoor enthusiast from Aberdeen who died in a climbing accident in 1949. It is located high on the north flank of Derry Cairngorm.\nEast of Plockton there is almost 40 miles of wilderness all the way to Cannich. Maol Bhuidhe lies within this area.\nIt is a remote roadless area between Glen Carron and Glen Shiel.\nThe cottage was occupied by shepherds until it was abandoned in 1914. It fell into disrepair and for the next decades it was only used by tramps and vagabonds, people who took to "stravaigin" the country during the mass unemployment of the 20s and 30s.\nThe Bothy Bible offers two routes to the bothy, both challenging walks of more than 10 miles which would take upwards of four hours.\nGeoff Allan says: "There are three rivers so when it is bad weather you can get stuck quite easily cause you have to wade the rivers to get out and there are no tracks or passes. You really need to know what you are doing."\nThis battered old estate cottage sits on the vast empty moorland south of Cape Wrath in the far north of Scotland.\nIt is where hermit James MacRory-Smith lived until as recently as 1996.\nInside the cottage, it is just as he left it 20 years ago, with the murals he painted still on the walls.\nGeoff Allan says: "It is really spooky when you are in there because it feels like he\'s still there.\n"It is like a living museum and because it is so far north and so few people go, it hasn\'t been vandalised or anything. It has been left, a bit like the Marie Celeste."\n"It is basically a glorified garden shed," says Geoff Allan. He says it is more of a lunch stop than an overnight destination.\nInside there is a small table and chair and a long wooden bench that is not really wide enough to lie on.\nThere is room on the floor for three people to sleep very closely together.\nThe cabin sits in woodland in Wester Ross.\n"If I was to recommend a bothy to someone in the pub I\'d say \'go to Peanmeanach\'," says Geoff Allan.\nIf you take the Mallaig road from Fort William you will pass the Ardnish peninsula.\nPeanmeanach is located on a raised beach on a rugged headland.\n"It is relatively easy to get to," says the author.\n"It\'s in its own little raised beach. There is just something about it.\n"It has all of the best west coast magic. There is very little to do other than just go to the bothy so you just tune out and escape."\nThis is one of the most famous bothies looked after by the MBA.\nIt lies south of An Teallach, one of the most well-known Munros in an area of mountains called "The Great Wilderness".\nIt sits on the edge of Fisherfield Forest. "It is amazing scenery," says Geoff Allan. "It is busy during the summer. Best to take a tent, just in case."\nLots of the bothies have long histories. So Geoff Allan has chosen the oldest settlement.\nThere was a crofting township which was cleared in the 1700s and there was a shepherd\'s cottage built in the 1840s.\n"Before all that there was an archaeological dig nearby which dated the settlement back 7,500 years, to the Middle Stone age," says Geoff Allan.\n"There is a seam of jade close to the bothy called Bloodstone and people would come and mine it make it into ornaments and tools. It is one of the oldest settlements in Scotland."\nEast of Oban, high above on Loch Etive\'s west shore, there is a bothy that inspired one of Scottish folk singer Dougie Maclean\'s songs.\nGeoff Allan says Maclean\'s grandfather was brought up in the cottage.\nThe songwriter wrote the lyrics: "Standing here on Cadderlie, between the burn and the turning sea,\n"I gaze across at these golden hills, I\'m looking all the way to eternity."\nUntil the 1700s there was a good-sized crofting community here but it dwindled following the Highland Clearances.\nThe current bothy is probably not much more than 100 years old and was used to house shepherds and their families.\nThis bothy is in the Scottish Borders, not commonly thought of as a bothy area. It is located in Eskdalemuir, close to the Samye Ling Tibetan monastery.\n"It is very peaceful," says Geoff Allan.\nAn obvious "Romantic" place is An Cladach, says Geoff Allan.\n"There is Islay and there is whisky. There is a wee bothy .\n"Only half of it was rebuilt. It is just 20 yards from the Sound of Jura. It has got two double bunk beds. It is very well equipped with a library and a fireplace.\n"If you get that to yourself it is a very romantic spot.']" Match: "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.', '.']"

All-rounder Ryan McLaren, batsman Shivnarine Chanderpaul and wicketkeeper Dane Vilas have all joined the county.
"We've got a great balance, we're going to be playing teams with at least seven home-grown players," Chapple, 43, told BBC Radio Lanacshire.
Lancashire face Essex in their opening County Championship match on 7 April.
After finishing seventh in Division One last year and narrowly escaping relegation, changes have been made at Old Trafford on and off the field.
Former captain Chapple was appointed head coach in January, replacing Ashley Giles, who returned to Warwickshire to become the Bears' new sport director.
Alviro Petersen's ban and Tom Smith's retirement due to injury also left positions to fill in the playing squad.
Chapple is encouraged by the arrival of South Africa international McLaren, 34, who took 32 wickets and scored 832 runs for Hampshire in 2016.
"He's someone that's got a lot of experience, to bat into the middle order and bowl maybe 20 overs a day," Chapple said.
"Ryan will provide stability, expertise and a good tactical awareness on the field."
West Indies legend Chanderpaul, 42, is returning to the Red Rose county after an eight-match spell in 2010 and will be tasked with following the precedent set by former batsmen Petersen and Ashwell Prince - who scored over 1,000 runs in the 2016 and 2015 seasons respectively.
"He'll be a great asset to us, both on and off the field," Chapple added.
"There's such an emphasis nowadays on one-day skills, but Shiv has that traditional mentality to be able to bat time. He will be a great help for us in those circumstances."
Chapple also confirmed that Vilas, 31, who has six Test caps for South Africa, will compete with 22-year-old Alex Davies for the wicket-keeper role in the side.
The new arrivals will mix with exciting young talents at Old Trafford like batsmen Liam Livingstone and England's Haseeb Hameed.
Fit-again James Anderson will also be building his sharpness with his county ahead of the England's Test series this summer against South Africa and West Indies.

Jennings, 24, replaces Mark Stoneman in the role, who left the county to join Surrey for the forthcoming season.
All-rounder Paul Coughlin will be vice-captain, while Paul Collingwood remains first-class and T20 Blast skipper.
"It's one of those dreams as a young boy, you want to lead your side," Jennings said. "It's an honour to lead Durham this year."
He added: "The couple of games I did last year were really good fun and it was a privilege and honour to do it."
Durham's opening One-Day Cup match is against Derbyshire at Chester-le-Street on 27 April.
Jennings' rise with Durham saw him win both club player awards last season, the Cricket Writers' player of the year award and ended 2016 making his England Test debut against India.
The South Africa-born batsman will also captain England Lions on next month's tour of Sri Lanka.
"Keaton has developed immensely over the last 12 months, not only as a player but also as a leader in the dressing room, and he has commanded the respect of the dressing room," Durham head coach Jon Lewis said.
"This new role reflects his standing in the side and we are confident he can lead us forward in the 50-over competition."
Lewis' side begin their 2017 season in Division Two of the County Championship with a 48-point deduction following financial issues.
They will also start the T20 Blast competition with a four-point penalty and the One-Day Cup with a two-point deduction.
Despite a reduced salary cap the county has signed two overseas players to cover the whole season, with South Africa Test opener Stephen Cook playing the first part of the campaign.
He will then be replaced by New Zealand batsman Tom Latham when Cook is expected to join up with South Africa for Test series against England which begins in July.
"I'm definitely looking forward to it," Jennings added. "The two signings we have made, Lathers and Cooky are brilliant for the squad and the guys as well.
"There is a real sense of positivity around at the minute. Hopefully we can push forward and see how far we can go."