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Question: So-called Islamic State (IS) is under growing pressure in Syria, Iraq, and Libya.

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It is losing territory and personnel, and its cumulative losses represent something of a strategic setback.
IS may be down but it is not out.
IS thrives on instability. The continuing chaos in the region makes it very difficult to defeat IS in the conventional sense of the term.
Indeed, the very success of its opponents carries with it the possibility of exacerbating sectarian tensions, which again could play into IS hands.
The organisation's declining fortunes are most apparent in Libya, where a combined offensive by two key militias aligned with the new Government of National Accord is squeezing the group's main coastal stronghold of Sirte.
The roots of IS in Libya are more recent. The country's clan and tribal structure perhaps more resistant.
Whatever the reason, its opponents have made rapid progress since their offensive was unleashed, pushing into Sirte and reportedly securing the port facility.
The US estimates that some 5,000 IS fighters are in Libya.
It was seen very much as a refuge by the IS leadership. Many reportedly sent their families there to escape the growing pressure in Syria.
Western special forces are said to be operating in support of some militias but the overall weight of the battle is being borne by the Libyans themselves.
Things are also turning badly against IS in northern Syria.
US-backed Syrian Democratic Forces have reportedly cut the main supply route into the IS-held town of Manbij.
The town, about 40km (25 miles) from the border between Syria and Turkey, is a crucial logistical hub for IS and for its fighters entering Syria.
Its capture would isolate the de facto IS capital of Raqqa from its last key supply route coming from Turkey.
This follows similar efforts to cut lines of communication between Raqqa and Mosul in northern Iraq.
The Syrian government - backed by its own and Russian air power - has launched fresh offensives of its own, both in and around Aleppo.
It has also secured a finger of territory extending north westwards from the road junction at Ithriya, towards Raqqa.
It is clear the US and Western-supported Kurdish and Arab fighters as well as the Russian-backed Syrian military are having the most success against IS.
Smaller, weaker rebel groups have had more mixed fortunes.
But there is no evidence of any actual practical co-operation between Washington and Moscow.
In Iraq, US-trained security forces have been pushing to encircle Falluja, backed up by various largely Shia militias.
There remains huge concern for civilians trapped in the city, though at least one humanitarian corridor has opened to help some to escape.
Falluja, though, for now may mark the limits of the capabilities of Iraq's military.
US experts are said to be sceptical about its capacity to take the much more significant target of Mosul; Iraq's second-largest city and the headquarters of IS in Iraq.
Iraqi forces are said to be over-stretched and with fragile logistics.
Major operations may require significant additional injections of US support.
There is no doubt, though, that IS is on the back foot after a string of setbacks, not least the fall of Ramadi in Iraq and Palmyra in Syria.
Whatever the broader strategic picture, these setbacks matter since they shatter the idea of IS as all-conquering and may help to sow dissent in IS ranks and to deter foreign recruits from offering themselves up to the slaughter.
But IS can respond in various ways.
The series of bomb attacks in the Iraqi capital Baghdad show that IS still has irons in the fire that it can use to its advantage.
And, as mentioned above, the very success of IS's multitude of opponents serves only to complicate a variety of other cross-cutting sectarian and strategic differences.
Consider just two examples:
This highlights the constant danger of IS prospering anew from the wider instability in the region.
Libya has barely begun to rebuild after the overthrow of the Gaddafi regime and a period of bitter internal conflict.
Syria beyond those areas controlled by President Bashar al-Assad is a failed state with a patchwork of militias, many of them Islamist, as hostile to the West as they are to the Assad government.
And in Iraq, the government has failed - some would say it has barely tried - to take on a less sectarian hue and provide the broader governance that the country so badly needs.
So while Western leaders dust off their maps and claim significant reverses for IS, the very factors that allowed the organisation to establish itself in the first place remain.
That is not a setting for the strategic defeat of IS nor for the defeat of its ideas, which one way or another have the capacity to leap great distances and to inspire individuals or groups a continent away from its heartland.

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It is the final phase of a campaign - codenamed Operation Wrath of Euphrates - that was launched in November, shortly after Iraqi forces moved to recapture the city of Mosul.
The initial goal of this campaign was to isolate the so-called Islamic State's de-facto capital and thereafter recapture it
But as the SDF's fighters advanced, they faced considerable resistance from IS militants.
When they tried to capture the Tabqa Dam with the help of US special forces earlier this year, IS opened several turbines to raise the water level of the River Euphrates.
If the dam had been breached before the SDF seized control in May, there could have been flooding on a massive scale across Raqqa province and as far away as Deir al-Zour.
The SDF attacked Raqqa from the north, west and east on Monday after a series of heavy air strikes conducted by the US-led coalition against IS.
The south of the city is meanwhile sealed off by the Euphrates, which can only be crossed by boat because the bridges over it were knocked out in pre-emptive strikes.
It is expected that the battle for Raqqa will be very fierce.
The coalition recently estimated that that there are 3,000 to 4,000 IS fighters holed up inside, including foreign fighters and various senior figures.
It is unclear how many civilians are trapped in the city, but the International Rescue Committee put the figure at 200,000 and warned that they were at risk of being killed by IS if they attempted to flee or used as human shields if they remained.
Similar to previous battles, IS will probably resort to using suicide bombers ("istishhadiyun") and suicide fighters ("inghimasiyun").
While the former normally operate alone and detonate car bombs, the latter operate in groups and fight first enemy forces with weapons and grenades before detonating suicide vests in order to inflict the highest amount of damage.
It is also expected that IS militants will make extensive use of weaponised drones, as they have done in the battle for Mosul.
IS operates swarms of up to five off-the-shelf quadcopters armed with hand grenades or artillery shells, which are dropped onto targets.
Drone attacks have caused military and civilian casualties. IS has claimed that in one week they killed or wounded 39 soldiers.
The objective of the anti-IS coalition is the elimination of IS fighters.
US Defence Secretary James Mattis stated very clearly in late May that the US had switched from attrition to "annihilation tactics" against IS in Iraq and Syria, so that "foreign fighters do not survive the fight to return home to North Africa, to Europe, to America, to Asia, to Africa".
It is, however, expected that civilians will also be at high risk.
Mr Mattis recognized this, but added that despite US forces doing everything "humanly possible" to prevent civilian casualties, they were "a fact of life in this sort of situation".
The wider Raqqa campaign has already led to massive civilian casualties and displacement over the past six months.
The fall of Raqqa will be a major victory for the anti-IS coalition and especially the SDF, which has spearheaded the campaign to capture the city.
Beyond being the de-facto capital of the "caliphate" proclaimed by IS in 2014, Raqqa has also served as an operation base to plan attacks in the West.
The Belgian jihadist Oussama Ahmad Atar is believed to have trained and directed the militants behind the deadly attacks on Paris and Brussels in November 2015 and March 2016 from there.
Mohammed Emwazi, the infamous British militant who became known as "Jihadi John" after beheading IS hostages in a series of videos, was also operating from Raqqa and was killed in an air strike on the city in November 2015.
Raqqa's liberation by the SDF will be a cause for concern in Turkey, however, because it will reinforce the possibility of the Kurds establishing a semi-autonomous region across parts of northern Syria and along the Turkish border.
Turkey's Prime Minister Binali Yildirim has warned that it "will immediately give the necessary response if we come across a situation in Raqqa or any other point in the region that threatens our security".
Ankara considers the Kurdish militia that dominates the SDF, the Popular Protection Units (YPG), to be part of its arch-enemy, the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK). Thus it is opposed to any actions that strengthen the YPG's position in Syria.
The fall of Raqqa will bring an end to the physical IS caliphate.
However, one has to keep in mind that fighting the group's ideology will be a longer-term battle requiring more than solely military victories.
Dr Jean-Marc Rickli is head of global risk at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy and visiting fellow at the Department of Defence Studies at King's College London. @Dr_JMRickli


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Question: Rafael Benitez says he is agonising over whether to remain in charge of relegated Newcastle after his side finished their campaign with a remarkable 5-1 win over Tottenham.

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Last week the Spaniard, who took over in March, said he had "positive" discussions with club chiefs.
"My heart is telling me yes, it is a great opportunity, city and club," the former Real Madrid boss told BBC Sport.
"But my brain is saying to analyse what is going on."
The Magpies, who will be in the Championship next season, produced arguably their best display of the campaign against a Tottenham side aiming to finish second.
Benitez's name was chanted by home fans throughout the game, as the players overwhelmed their more esteemed opponents. Newcastle also played with 10 men for the final quarter of the match after striker Aleksandar Mitrovic was sent off.
The 56-year-old manager, who has a relegation break clause in his contract, added: "I am really open to talking and see what happens.
"I have been in football all this time. You want to be sure people love you and if you work hard that they recognise that you are trying your best and I have this here.
"I knew that every day when I walk in the streets. Everyone is so positive and the atmosphere today doesn't surprise me too much. They were supporting for 90 minutes, I knew it would be like this and that is why I am so open to keep on talking."

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However, the draw did extend Chelsea's lead at top of the Premier League to nine points.
Liverpool keeper Mignolet made up for his first-half embarrassment when he was beaten by David Luiz's superb free-kick from 25 yards.
Georginio Wijnaldum's close-range header in the second-half gave Liverpool a draw they fully deserved, ending a run of three home losses in a row.
However, it could have been much better for Chelsea and worse for Liverpool when Costa went to ground 14 minutes from the end.
Referee Mark Clattenburg pointed to the spot but Mignolet dived low to his right to save the Spain striker's spot-kick.
Arsenal 1-2 Watford: Arsenal's Premier League title hopes suffered a huge blow with a shock home defeat as Watford secured their first top-flight win over the Gunners since 1988.
Bournemouth 0-2 Crystal Palace: Crystal Palace finally earned a Premier League victory under Sam Allardyce as goals by Scott Dann and Christian Benteke secured the points against Bournemouth away at a rain-swept Vitality Stadium.
Burnley 1-0 Leicester City: Burnley secured their fifth home Premier League win in a row with victory over Leicester at Turf Moor, thanks to Sam Vokes' late goal.
Middlesbrough 1-1 West Bromwich Albion: Middlesbrough came back from a goal down but were left frustrated as a hard-working West Brom claimed a point at the Riverside Stadium.
Swansea City 2-1 Southampton: Swansea boosted their Premier League survival hopes and secured back-to-back wins for the first time this season with a spirited victory over Southampton.
Sunderland 0-0 Tottenham: Title-chasing Tottenham had to settle for a point at the Stadium of Light as Sunderland climbed off the bottom of the table with a hard-fought draw.


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Question: UFC champion Conor McGregor moved closer to a possible fight with five-weight world champion Floyd Mayweather by securing a boxing licence.

The Irish fighter became the Ultimate Fighting Championship's first dual division champion in November.
McGregor, 28, has said he wants $100m (£80m) to meet Mayweather, who has played down the prospects of a fight.
The licence has been granted by the California State Athletic Commission, allowing him to box in the US state.
McGregor's trainer John Kavanagh has said he would "put a few quid" on a bout with the retired Mayweather, 39, taking place next year.
He added: "Is it getting any closer? I don't know, but it certainly wouldn't surprise me that it's going to happen."
Leonard Ellerbe, chief executive of Mayweather Promotions, told ESPN the fight could not take place as McGregor is under contract to the UFC.
"He got a boxing licence. Congratulations to him," said Ellerbe.
"Conor McGregor can say anything he wants to, but he has a boss and his name is [UFC president] Dana White."
McGregor beat Eddie Alvarez last month to win to win the lightweight championship, to add his featherweight title, though he has since relinquished that belt.
After the Alvarez victory, McGregor demanded a stake in the ownership of UFC.
BBC Sport boxing pundit Steve Bunce
In a boxing ring with 10 ounce boxing gloves and no head guards, Conor McGregor would not touch Floyd Mayweather. In fact, I think he would struggle to touch a thousand of the 2,186 registered welterweights registered in the world.
When you see him try to box, his feet are terrible - that is mark one against him. He lifts his chin up in the air when he throws a punch - that is mark two. And when he gets hit with a punch he turns his head - that is mark three.
Just because he is the most marketable, most sellable and most entertaining fighter in the UFC business does not mean he can hold his hands up and survive with any of the boxers out there.

Brazilian title holder Dos Anjos pulled out of the Las Vegas bout after injuring a foot in training.
Featherweight champion McGregor was aiming to be the first UFC fighter to hold two world titles at the same time.
UFC president Dana White announced the reorganised fight on Tuesday night.
Californian Diaz tweeted: "He's going to have to get on his knees and beg."
McGregor knocked out Brazilian Jose Aldo in 13 seconds in December.
That victory confirmed the 27-year-old Irishman as the UFC's featherweight champion after he had held the interim title following Aldo's withdrawal from their planned fight last July.
McGregor plans to alternate between featherweight and lightweight, fighting for both belts, although his non-title bout with Diaz will be at welterweight, which is the heavier 170lb division.
Women's bantamweight champion Holly Holm is scheduled to defend her belt against Miesha Tate on the 5 March UFC 196 bill.
American Holm, 34, caused a major shock when she beat Ronda Rousey to win the title in November.


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Question: German security services are searching for a man wanted in connection with last month's terror attacks in Paris, German media reports say.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The 42-year-old-man - named only as Huseyin D - is believed to have been spent time with Abdelhamid Abaaoud, the alleged organiser of the attacks.
He is reportedly from Dinslaken, north-west Germany, and was part of a group which had travelled to Syria.
The Paris attacks killed 130 people and prompted a Europe-wide security alert.
German newspaper Der Spiegel - which carries a photo alleged to be of Huseyin D with Abdelhamid Abaaoud - says the suspect is believed to be in Turkey.
Abaaoud was killed in a gun battle with Paris police days after the attacks, which were claimed by Islamic State (IS).
In another development, German prosecutors said they raided the flat of a man suspected of possibly helping plan an attack on last month's Germany-Netherlands football match.
The Hannover stadium was evacuated just under two hours before kick-off after a "concrete security threat", police said at the time.
German police gave no details of Thursday's raid and no arrests were made.
However, Der Spiegel said (in German) that the suspect is a 19-year-old student believed to have made a short video at the stadium in which he says "pray for Raqqa" and the Islamic State group's name.
Two men linked to the Paris attacks - Salah Abdeslam and Mohammed Abrini - are still on the run and investigations have been launched in several European countries.
Belgian prosecutors are also seeking two other men thought to have helped Abdeslam travel to Hungary in September.

Fourteen asylum seekers from the southern Russian republic of Chechnya are at the centre of the probe.
But contrary to earlier reports police said no arrests had been made among the 11 men and three women.
Local media say a white powder was found in one of the flats, but police say they have found no evidence of a concrete threat of attack.
Those being investigated are aged between 21 and 31, police say.
Most are suspected of financing terrorism and one 28-year-old man is suspected of planning to join so-called Islamic State jihadists in Syria, police said.
But they now say previous reports that he was arrested were wrong.
The raids took place early on Tuesday morning, with 12 flats and a shelter for asylum seekers searched in states around Germany, from Thuringia and Saxony in the east to Bavaria in the south, Hamburg in the north and North Rhine-Westphalia in the west.
The Russian region of Chechnya is home to a number of jihadist groups, including some aligned with Islamic State.
The raids come just weeks after a Syrian refugee was arrested because large amounts of explosives were found in his apartment.
The man was on the run for days, before being overwhelmed by other Syrian refugees, who handed him over to the police.
The suspect had reportedly been planning a bomb attack on a Berlin airport, but later killed himself in his prison cell in Leipzig.


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Question: BBC Sport's football expert Mark Lawrenson is pitting his wits against a different guest each week this season.

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Lawro's opponents for this weekend's Premier League fixtures and FA Cup quarter-finals are Sophie Rose from Chelsea supporter channel CFC Fan TV and Manchester United followers Adam McKola and Stephen Howson from Full Time DEVILS.
Unsurprisingly, Sophie has a very different view from Adam and Stephen about how Monday's mouth-watering tie between Chelsea and United will turn out.
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You can watch that game live on BBC One and the BBC Sport website from 19:30 GMT to find out who called it correctly.
Sophie, Adam and Stephen have also got involved in BBC Sport's No Guts, No Glory campaign to share their tales of the magic of the FA Cup - and choose some recent match as their most memorable moments.
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*United to win on penalties. There are no replays in the FA Cup quarter-finals.
A correct result (picking a win, draw or defeat) is worth 10 points. The exact score earns 40 points.
This week's guests will need a big performance to claim top spot on the FA Cup leaderboard after Robbie from Arsenal Fan TV joined BBC Radio 1Xtra DJ A Dot at the summit with his scores from round five.
Last week, Lawro got six correct results, including two perfect scores from 10 Premier League matches, for a total of 120 points.
He beat cricket legend David Gower, who got five correct results with one perfect score, for a tally of 80 points.
All kick-offs 15:00 GMT unless otherwise stated.
Middlesbrough 0-2 Man City
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 0-3
Full Time Devils' prediction: 1-2
Match report
Bournemouth 3-2 West Ham
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 2-2
Full Time Devils' prediction: 2-1
Match report
Everton 3-0 West Brom
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 2-1
Full Time Devils' prediction: 2-0
Match report
Hull 2-1 Swansea
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 0-2
Full Time Devils' prediction: 1-0
Match report
Arsenal v Lincoln (FA Cup, 17:30 GMT)
I am now in the camp that feels sorry for Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger, but for the sake of his legacy I don't know why he is holding on.
The big thing for me is that he has absolutely nothing to prove any more. You could ask any of the Premier League managers he has come up against and they would tell you what a fantastic manager he is.
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So I don't understand why he doesn't say something about how it has been a fantastic 20 years, but after the last game of the season that is it.
Wenger has been absolutely brilliant and he has written his own chapter in the history of the Premier League, but his best mate - whoever that is - needs to tell him: "Arsene, come on. It's time to go."
He deserves the chance to say goodbye and that way he would be given a great send-off he could organise himself, not a sad ending.
It would also lift the club completely and get rid of the doom and gloom surrounding it at the moment.
I don't see those issues affecting them on Saturday at Emirates Stadium, though.
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The Lincoln story is fantastic and the other great thing for them is that, as well as reaching the last eight of the FA Cup, they have kept winning to stay top of the National League too.
That tells you how good they are, but their FA Cup adventure ends here.
Lawro's prediction: 3-0
Sophie: We all know Arsenal are nowhere near winning the title but they have a habit of doing well in the FA Cup. Also, they are still a top-four Premier League side and Lincoln are nowhere near that.
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 4-1
Adam: Arsenal at home against the minnows. Can the unthinkable happen?
Stephen: I am going for the upset. Arsenal will go through, no doubt about it. It will probably be a slapping too.
Full Time Devils' prediction: 4-0
Match preview
Tottenham v Millwall (FA Cup, 14:00 GMT KO, live on BBC One from 13:30 GMT)
Millwall are flying in League One and have not lost any of their past 17 games in all competitions.
The Lions also went nine games without conceding a goal before MK Dons found the net against them on Saturday.
They have already beaten three Premier League teams - Bournemouth, Watford and Leicester - to get this far, so it is fitting that now they have landed one of the really big boys.
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I think this is where the Lions' run ends, though.
Spurs striker Harry Kane cannot stop scoring and his partnership with Dele Alli looks very special. Tottenham will just be too strong for them.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Sophie: It would not surprise me if Millwall get a goal but I don't see them stopping Kane.
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 3-1
Adam: A good London derby here, are Millwall going to cause another upset?
Stephen: I don't think so, to be honest. Kane used to play for Millwall, so he is nailed on to score.
Full Time Devils' prediction: 3-0
Liverpool v Burnley (Premier League, 16:00 GMT)
I am at Anfield on Sunday for Match of the Day 2 and in many ways - especially in relation to the rest of the season - this is Liverpool's biggest game for a long time.
Forget about the Reds' wins over Arsenal, Tottenham and Manchester City at home in the past few weeks because we know what Burnley are all about - they showed that in their win over Liverpool at Turf Moor in August.
The Clarets have only picked up two points away from home all season but they are still very difficult to break down and we know that Liverpool really struggle against teams like that.
So I am looking at this game and thinking what will Liverpool do to change that.
I think the Reds will win and I am certainly not expecting a repeat of their performance against Leicester when they got everything wrong.
But whether that happens depends on Philippe Coutinho and Roberto Firmino finding some consistency - because they have not been at their best recently. While Sadio Mane and Adam Lallana have been great, those other two have been a little bit iffy.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 1-1
Stephen: Liverpool have been massively inconsistent in 2017. They can look good but sometimes they look awful - and being a United fan, I can't predict a Liverpool win.
Full Time Devils' prediction: 1-1
Chelsea v Man Utd (FA Cup, 19:45 GMT KO, live on BBC One from 19:30 GMT)
Manchester United's busy schedule that sees them play in Russia in the Europa League on Thursday night will obviously make a difference.
I will be fascinated to see what team United boss Jose Mourinho picks, because Chelsea are not a side you want to play when you are tired.
Chelsea will want to turn United - and Mourinho - over, just like they did when they beat them 4-0 in the Premier League October.
There will be no room for sentiment and that is just the way Chelsea are at the moment - they get the job done. That is not going to change because their manager Antonio Conte will not let them change.
The Blues are cruising in the league, 10 points clear and they have to be favourites to win that and the FA Cup too. There is no better team than them in the Premier League at the moment.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
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Sophie: Now for the big one. I am buzzing for this game. I am going and cannot wait.
As a Chelsea fan this fixture will always be bittersweet while Jose Mourinho is United's manager, but we did well against them earlier in the season when we beat them 4-0 in October.
It is going to be a really tense game and a tough one too. I think we will get through but it is going to be tight.
CFC Fan TV's prediction: 3-2
Adam: This could be a classic FA Cup tie.
Stephen: It is going to be very tight - I am struggling to call it but I think I am going 1-0.
Adam: I am going for the same scoreline as in Moscow in the 2008 Champions League final when we beat them in a penalty shoot-out. You having that?
Stephen: I will take whatever there is to get through this game, mate!
Full Time Devils prediction: 1-1 aet. United to win on penalties
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
*Does not include scores from postponed games.
Lawro's best score: 140 points (week 22 v James McAvoy)
Lawro's worst score: 30 points (week four v Dave Bautista)

Lawro picked the winner in two of the four quarter-finals and six of the eight last-16 ties.
He enjoyed a 42% success rate in the group stage, correctly guessing the outcome of 15 of the 36 games.
The only group he failed to get a single result in was Group F, which saw Hungary and Iceland spring a surprise by finishing first and second.
Before the tournament Lawro chose 11 of the 16 teams that went through to the first knockout stage, including France, his pick to win the tournament on 10 July.
Along with more than 375,000 of you, Lawro is taking part in the new BBC Sport Predictor game. He is going head-to-head with pundits, presenters and commentators from across BBC Sport. He's doing well, though he's not top as things stand:
You can make your own predictions and take on your friends and other fans using the BBC's Euros Predictor.
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 1-1 (Wales to win on penalties)
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 0-2


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Question: BBC One Scotland will provide live coverage of Hibernian v Dundee United in the Scottish Cup semi-final on Saturday lunchtime.

United's first ever match, under the guise of Dundee Hibernian, was a friendly to mark the opening of Tannadice in which the Hibs from Dundee faced the Hibs from Edinburgh on August 18 1909.
A crowd of 7,000 witnessed the 1-1 draw, 15 years before the two sides met competitively for the first time in the Scottish Cup.
Since then Hibs have tried and failed to reclaim the trophy, while United suffered a long Hampden hoodoo of their own before landing it in 1994 and once more in 2010.
Hibs are still reeling from last month's League Cup final defeat to Ross County, while Dundee United are trying to replace memories of the 2014 Scottish Cup final loss to St Johnstone.
Can this be the year both put to bed recent cup heartache?
BBC Scotland takes a look at five previous occasions when Hibs and Dundee United have gone head-to-head in cup competition.
Back in 1990 it was Dundee United's Cup hoodoo in the headlines. After failing to win nine cup finals at the national stadium between 1974 and 1988, United fans worried they were the victims of a Hampden jinx.
For Hibs it had been a mere 88 years since their last success.
The season was similar for both, with just a point separating them by the end of the season. Their respective Uefa Cup adventures were both ended in round two by Belgian opposition; Royal Football Club de Liege edging Hibs out by a goal and Dundee United failing to overturn a 4-0 first leg defeat to Royal Antwerp.
Therefore it was no surprise the quarter-final tie in front of 13,874 at Tannadice was settled by just a single goal. It was to be in the home side's favour with Darren Jackson, who would be a pivotal figure in this fixture for both clubs, getting the only goal of the game.
United would have to wait a little longer to end their Hampden heartache with eventual winners Aberdeen ending their dreams in the semi-final and Motherwell winning a seven-goal thriller in the following year's final.
Dundee United were under new management for the first time in 21 years and seven months after Jim McLean had stepped down. The charismatic Ivan Golac was now the man in the dugout and he promised trophy success for the Arabs.
After ending a 19-year wait for a major trophy, Hibernian were eyeing a second League Cup in three years.
Both sides made it to the Tynecastle semi-final virtue of epic quarter-finals; both needing penalties after United had drawn 3-3 with Falkirk and Hibs had shared four goals with Partick Thistle.
A crowd of over 19,000 saw Darren Jackson again become the goal hero, but this time in the colours of Hibs. Despite a barrage of Dundee United pressure, goalkeeper Jim Leighton was in inspired form and saw Alex Miller's men into the Celtic Park final, where an Ally McCoist overhead kick won the trophy for Rangers.
Dundee United did not have long to wait to lift the promised silverware - winning the Scottish Cup at Hampden a few months later.
The two sides met hoping to save poor seasons for both.
Dundee United were in the midst of what would end up being statistically the club's worst season since before World War Two. Paul Hegarty was the second man in charge that season following the sacking of Alex Smith.
Things were not going much better down the east coast in Leith in manager Bobby Williamson's first season in charge. Languishing in the bottom six, just three weeks before this game would come the infamous 4-4 draw against Edinburgh rivals Hearts, with the Hibees somehow throwing away a two-goal lead in time added on.
Grant Brebner, who like Jackson would go on to star for both clubs, was the hero Hibs were desperately crying out for. His two early goals though were cancelled out by a late Dundee United surge, who had Daniele Chiarini making the first of only five appearances in a tangerine shirt.
However, Brebner headed in with just three minutes remaining to complete his hat-trick and seal a place in the fourth round.
Hegarty lasted just a few more days in the job before he was replaced by Ian McCall. They would avoid the ignominy of finishing bottom, with that honour going to Motherwell. Hibs' cup dreams lasted until the following round when Dunfermline knocked them out in a replay.
Ian McCall's tenure lasted until a month before the Scottish Cup semi-final in 2005, with Gordon Chisholm taking charge. In the league, United continued to struggle and went into a remarkable four-way fight to avoid relegation on the final day of the season. A Barry Robson goal away to Inverness CT preserved their top flight status, with city rivals Dundee instead going down.
Their cup prowess was much better. They made it to the League Cup semi-final before a humiliating 7-1 defeat to Rangers, but they redeemed themselves in another run to Hampden; hitting 11 goals in their three ties to set up a date with Hibs.
The Hibees were enjoying more success than their opponents in the league and Tony Mowbray's men would go on to secure third place and a Uefa Cup spot on goal difference. Boasting a squad including Gary Caldwell, Ian Murray, Steven Whittaker, Scott Brown, Kevin Thomson, Steven Fletcher, Gary O'Connor and Derek Riordan - players who would go on to make nearly 200 Scotland appearances between them - they went into the Hampden semi-final as big favourites with the majority of the 27,271 crowd wearing green and white.
Things looked to be running smoothly. Hibs dominated the first half then Riordan fired home a penalty after Robson hauled down Dean Shiels.
But Robson made amends by jinking into the box and squaring the ball to Jim McIntyre who forced home the winger's low ball, before substitute Jason Scotland, who had been on the field a matter of minutes, fired low past goalkeeper Simon Brown's despairing dive.
United went on the dominate the Cup final, but lost out by a single goal to Celtic in manager Martin O'Neil's final game in charge of the Parkhead club.
They may be in different divisions, however this will be the third time they have met since Hibs were relegated at the end of the 2013-14 season.
Dundee United went into this game just one point off the top of the table, with the performances of Nadir Ciftci, Stuart Armstrong and Gary Mackay-Steven helping them be a force to be reckoned with.
Hibs, who went into the game on the back of a six-game unbeaten run, roared back from going a goal behind three times in a thrilling 3-3 draw, eventually taking United to penalties.
After John Rankin's penalty miss Hibs were handed the chance to book a semi-final spot, but Matthew Kennedy could not convert his chance.
Conor Townsend made it 7-6 to put all the pressure all on David Gray, and goalkeeper Radoslaw Cierzniak deflected the ball over the bar to win it for the visitors.

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Premier League leaders Chelsea will host Jose Mourinho's United on Monday, 13 March with kick-off at 19:45 GMT.
Mauricio Pochettino's Tottenham welcome League One Millwall on Sunday, 12 March at 14:00 GMT.
BT Sport will broadcast non-league Lincoln's trip to Arsenal on Saturday, 11 March (17:30 GMT).
The game between Middlesbrough and the winner of the fifth-round replay between Manchester City and Huddersfield will also be live on BT Sport on Saturday, 11 March at 12:15 GMT.


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Question: One of the great major championship performances was ludicrously overshadowed by a rules controversy that ultimately reduced the margin of Dustin Johnson's US Open victory from four shots to three.

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The farce that played out on a warm Pennsylvania afternoon should serve as a prompt to rip up existing protocols and ensure future championships are never again faced with a similar situation.
While we should be marvelling at the new champion's brilliant approach to the home green at Oakmont, we are instead picking apart the events that followed an incident on the fifth green.
This is where Johnson was adjudged to have caused his ball to move prior to holing out for a par. The debate rages over whether he was responsible for something that earned him a one-stroke penalty.
But the greater concern should be how the situation was handled by the United States Golf Association. It might have correctly followed its procedures but they leave golf open to ridicule.
In a championship viewed by millions across the world, it is nonsense that it should be played out with those competing and watching unsure of the leaderboard situation.
What other sport continues when you don't know the score?
Yet Jeff Hall, the USGA managing director of rules and competitions, claimed: "We feel pretty comfortable with the process that we had to resolve this one."
When the incident occurred, Johnson's playing partner, Lee Westwood, witnessed the minute movement of his opponent's ball. He informed the walking rules official as Johnson stood back from his putt.
Westwood was sure there was no rules infringement. Johnson was asked whether he had caused the ball to move and said that he had not.
The referee told him to play the ball as it lies. That should have been the end of it.
Golf is a game where player integrity is paramount and their responsibility is to protect the rest of the field from rules breaches. Shane Lowry, who finished joint second, had called a penalty on himself in the second round when he caused his ball to move on the super-slick greens.
That's the culture of the game and it is one that sets golf apart from most sports and in a very positive way.
However, what followed showed golf in a dreadful light.
It took officials seven holes to inform Johnson that they thought there might be a problem and that they wanted to discuss the incident in the recorder's hut at the end of the round.
Rivals on the leaderboard were also informed of the situation, which meant no one knew where they stood. This uncertainty was far more damaging that the minuscule movement of Johnson's ball.
Although the eventual champion diplomatically said that it did not affect his play, it certainly seemed to have a detrimental impact for several holes.
More significantly, those of us watching - the audience for what is ultimately an entity of entertainment - were left unsure. We were, though, fully aware that the raw competition was being undermined.
Video evidence suggested Johnson's grounding of his putter to the side of his ball, prior to addressing it, had caused the movement. On the balance of probabilities he would be judged guilty of breaking rule 18-2.
In other professional sports a television match official (TMO) would have the opportunity to reverse a decision and impose a penalty with the minimum of fuss. Why can that not happen in golf?
After all, when the conversation eventually took place, Johnson continued to deny it was his fault but the committee still hit him with a one-stroke penalty.
The biggest crime here is that they should have done it as soon as possible so that everyone would know where the competition stood.
"We wanted to make sure that Dustin had the benefit of a conversation, and we wanted to make sure we got it right," said head referee Thomas Pagel.
Sometimes decisions are not correct, but that is the nature of sport and one has to live with it.
Certainly the Twitter outcry, led by 2015 winner Jordan Spieth, suggests many players feel the USGA were wrong to penalise the man who succeeded him as champion.
However, the more pertinent social media intervention came from world number three Rory McIlroy, who said: "This isn't right for anyone on that golf course. If it was me I wouldn't hit another shot until this farce was rectified."
It has been said often already, but this is another instance where golf needs to get up with the times. These protocols, where the score is decided in a hut behind the 18th green, are not in keeping with modern professional sport.
Each group at the US Open has a walking referee. They should be empowered to make decisions and keep time and enforce penalties as they see fit.
If a TMO needs to over-rule, so be it, but make that call quickly and make the decision final.
Some rulings might, at times, be considered erroneous but we can live with that; it is part of the jeopardy of sport.
Returning to our hotel late into the dramatic night that saw Johnson, at last, crowned a major champion, the televisions in the bar were filled with the NBA play-offs.
The Cleveland Cavaliers had come from behind to beat Golden State for a historic win that captured the imagination of sports fans across America. It was simple: they scored more points than their opponents.
Eventually, the sports news moved on to the golf. Now all we saw were endless repeats of what happened as Johnson stood over his short putt on the fifth and pundits picked apart the rules.
Thank goodness the eventual champion had opened up a big enough lead for the penalty not to matter - but golf looked silly.
By the way, we are still waiting to see replays of that wonderful Johnson approach to 18 which should have been the abiding Oakmont memory.

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The South African, 34, was joint runner-up with Francesco Molinari and Patrick Reed at the US PGA Championship at Quail Hollow on Sunday, behind winner Justin Thomas.
Oosthuizen lost a play-off to Bubba Watson at the 2012 Masters, another to Zach Johnson at The Open in 2015 and tied for second behind Dustin Johnson at the US Open later that year.
Only five players have completed the illustrious career Grand Slam by winning each of golf's four majors in the modern era - Gene Sarazen, Ben Hogan, Gary Player, Jack Nicklaus and Tiger Woods.
But Oosthuizen's unwelcome record puts him in good company.
Former world number one Greg Norman finished runner-up in majors eight times: three times at the Masters, twice at the US Open, once at The Open, and twice at the US PGA.
Jack Nicklaus, who with 18 major titles is widely regarded as one of the greatest players of all time, was runner-up a record 19 times, including seven at The Open.
Phil Mickelson, though a five-time major champion, has 11 second places to his name.
Oosthuizen, ranked 20th in the world, didn't let his latest near miss affect him too much, as he posted a video on Twitter lip-syncing to Andra Day's hit Rise Up, which quickly went viral.
And this isn't a case of always the bridesmaid and never the bride - Oosthuizen does have a major to his name after winning The Open in 2010.


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Question: A police officer who advertised himself as a male prostitute while off sick from work has been sacked.

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PC Daniel Moss, 39, who was based in Hastings, was placed under formal investigation by Sussex Police on 2 December and suspended from duty.
The force said he was advertising sexual services for payment on an adult website after reporting off sick with a stress-related illness in September.
He was sacked on Friday following a public gross misconduct hearing.
The hearing found he had behaved in a manner that had discredited the police service or undermined public confidence.
He did not attend the hearing.
Det Insp Nick Wainwright from Sussex Police's professional standards department said despite being on sick leave Mr Moss was "still able to offer himself as being available to perform sexual services for payment".
Mr Wainwright said it was "clearly completely out of keeping with his role that others uphold with pride, integrity and with the trust of the public whom they serve".

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PC Kevin Duffy, 52, should have known Bijan Ebrahimi was in danger in July 2013 but refused to speak to or visit him, Avon and Somerset Police said.
He and PCSO Andrew Passmore, 56, were convicted of misconduct in public office last month.
Both have been dismissed this week, Avon and Somerset Police said.
Iranian-born Mr Ebrahimi, who was registered disabled, was wrongly suspected of being a paedophile by his neighbour Lee James.
He had called police to report being assaulted by James, days before he was attacked and killed outside his flat in Capgrave Crescent, Brislington.
Bristol Crown Court heard last month Mr Ebrahimi had called the non-emergency 101 number 12 times, trying to get police to investigate the assault.
The court heard he told one operator: "My life is in danger. Right now a few of my neighbours are outside and shouting and calling me a paedophile. I need to see PC Duffy."
But the trial learned that Duffy regarded Mr Ebrahimi as a "liar and a nuisance" and never went to see him, instead requesting Passmore conduct "a bit of a foot patrol" in the vicinity.
Passmore was convicted of misconduct in a public office for falsely claiming to have spent an hour patrolling the area.
James went on to kill Mr Ebrahimi and set fire to his body. He is serving a life sentence for murder.
Duffy and Passmore have not yet been sentenced.
In separate misconduct hearings held on Friday, Avon and Somerset Police said Duffy was found guilty of gross misconduct and dismissed without notice. Passmore was dismissed at a hearing earlier this week.
They are two of 18 officers and staff facing misconduct proceedings over the case.


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Question: Ross Barkley headed in a late equaliser for Everton against Hull, whose point was enough to move them off the bottom of the Premier League table.

The home side had taken the lead after just six minutes through captain Michael Dawson, who was unmarked inside the box and smashed in his third league goal of the season.
In response, Seamus Coleman headed against the post, before the Toffees levelled on the stroke of half-time as goalkeeper David Marshall punched the ball into his own net from Kevin Mirallas's corner.
Marshall brilliantly tipped Romelu Lukaku's drive on to the crossbar in the second half, before Robert Snodgrass curled a free-kick into the top corner, having struck the bar from a similar situation just minutes before.
Relive Hull 2-2 Everton as it happened
Manager Mike Phelan will feel the game was a missed opportunity to give Hull a lift towards their target of Premier League safety. The draw moves them up one place to 19th, but they are still three points away from moving out of the relegation zone.
Hull twice took the lead but their defensive vulnerabilities came to the fore in the closing stages as Barkley was allowed a free header for his goal.
It means the East Yorkshire side have now conceded 41 goals this season, a joint-league high alongside fellow strugglers Swansea.
They have also failed to keep a clean sheet at the KCOM Stadium this term and have collected just one win from their last 17 games.
With the January transfer window about to open, Phelan will be looking to bring in reinforcements, while also hoping to hold on the impressive Snodgrass.
Ronald Koeman's side continued to show the inconsistency that has been a factor of their season.
They had won two out of their three matches before this game - yet before that, had picked up just one victory from 10 fixtures.
Like opponents Hull, they displayed defensive issues once again - Koeman's team have managed only four clean sheets in 19 Premier League matches under his leadership.
A centre-back will be on the list of priorities for the manager as Phil Jagielka, 34, looked to struggle at times.
The 35-year-old Gareth Barry - who came close with a drive in the first half - lasted 65 minutes, and it remains to be seen whether a transfer window move for Manchester United midfielder Morgan Schneiderlin materialises.
Everton could have won it late on but substitute Dominic Calvert-Lewin headed wide from a couple of yards out and the point leaves them in seventh, six points adrift of sixth-placed United, who host Middlesbrough on Saturday.
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Hull boss Mike Phelan, speaking to BBC Sport about almost losing at the end: "That's the nature of the beast. We play well and we get beat. I'm pleased. For three or four weeks we've put in a shift and got nothing. We could be greedy and ask for more but I'm proud of the players.
"Robert Snodgrass has shown his quality on his free-kicks this season. We need those things. The top league demands top players to score top goals.
"We need more goals from all areas. We need to tighten up. We have a lot of work to do. It's now a case of trying to bring people in and give us a chance going forward."
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Everton boss Ronald Koeman told BBC Sport: "I'm really pleased tonight about our performance. I wasn't happy with our slow start but we showed a really good attitude and reaction twice.
"We played good football and created a lot of opportunities. We could have stopped the first goal but not the second. The team showed good spirit. We created maybe the most chances today."
Former England defender Danny Mills on BBC Radio 5 live:
Hull boss Mike Phelan will be thinking what could have been. They took the lead twice and threw it away to a free header.
Overall, it was a thoroughly entertaining game. It was was scrappy and frantic at times but a draw is a fair result.
Robert Snodgrass was excellent, but not just for his set pieces, but his all-round play too.
Ross Barkley came up with a fantastic header for the equaliser, but striker Romelu Lukaku was kept quiet.
Hull start 2017 when they travel to face West Brom in the league on 2 January (kick-off 15:00 GMT), while Everton host Southampton at the same time.
Match ends, Hull City 2, Everton 2.
Second Half ends, Hull City 2, Everton 2.
Tom Davies (Everton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Dieumerci Mbokani (Hull City).
Attempt missed. Dieumerci Mbokani (Hull City) right footed shot from the right side of the box misses to the left.
Offside, Hull City. Tom Huddlestone tries a through ball, but Dieumerci Mbokani is caught offside.
Attempt missed. Dominic Calvert-Lewin (Everton) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the right. Assisted by Seamus Coleman with a cross.
Corner,  Hull City. Conceded by Seamus Coleman.
Substitution, Everton. Ramiro Funes Mori replaces Kevin Mirallas.
Substitution, Hull City. Tom Huddlestone replaces Adama Diomande.
Goal!  Hull City 2, Everton 2. Ross Barkley (Everton) header from the centre of the box to the bottom right corner. Assisted by Leighton Baines with a cross.
Harry Maguire (Hull City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Kevin Mirallas (Everton) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Harry Maguire (Hull City).
Attempt blocked. Ross Barkley (Everton) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Tom Davies.
Corner,  Everton. Conceded by Curtis Davies.
Offside, Hull City. Adama Diomande tries a through ball, but Jake Livermore is caught offside.
Dominic Calvert-Lewin (Everton) wins a free kick on the right wing.
Foul by Andrew Robertson (Hull City).
Idrissa Gueye (Everton) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Foul by Robert Snodgrass (Hull City).
Leighton Baines (Everton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Adama Diomande (Hull City).
Tom Davies (Everton) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Tom Davies (Everton).
Robert Snodgrass (Hull City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Attempt saved. Ross Barkley (Everton) right footed shot from the right side of the box is saved in the centre of the goal.
Attempt blocked. Kevin Mirallas (Everton) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Phil Jagielka.
Substitution, Everton. Dominic Calvert-Lewin replaces Enner Valencia.
Phil Jagielka (Everton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Dieumerci Mbokani (Hull City).
Attempt blocked. Jake Livermore (Hull City) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Corner,  Hull City. Conceded by Tom Davies.
Substitution, Everton. Tom Davies replaces Gareth Barry.
Goal!  Hull City 2, Everton 1. Robert Snodgrass (Hull City) from a free kick with a left footed shot to the top left corner.
Foul by Leighton Baines (Everton).
Harry Maguire (Hull City) wins a free kick in the attacking half.
Ahmed Elmohamady (Hull City) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Kevin Mirallas (Everton) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Ahmed Elmohamady (Hull City).


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Question: League One side Rochdale have signed Middlesbrough defender Mark Kitching on loan until the end of the season.

Left-back Kitching has yet to make a first-team appearance for Boro, but played in two EFL Trophy games for their Under-21 side this season.
The 21-year-old, who had a loan spell with York last season, is out of contract at the Riverside in June.
"He played for us in a behind-closed-doors game on Tuesday and I was really impressed," manager Keith Hill said.
"He's a good player, he meets our DNA and I think once he warms up with respect to meeting the demands of the team and the environment, then I'm sure that we've got a very good young player."
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page or visit our Premier League tracker here.

The 20-year-old had a loan spell with Port Vale earlier this season, making three appearances in all competitions.
He could make his debut for the Tykes in Saturday's trip to Swindon.
Meanwhile, the League One side have extended 20-year-old Manchester United striker Ashley Fletcher's loan spell until the end of the season.
Find all the latest football transfers on our dedicated page.


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Question: Technology giant IBM has announced it will open four new data storage centres in the UK, with the first opening in Hampshire next month.

A site in Fareham will be followed by one in Farnborough in early 2017. The other locations are yet to be revealed.
IBM already provides data storage for cloud clients in Britain including Boots, National Express, Dixons Carphone and Travis Perkins.
The government said it was a boost for the technology sector.
IBM, which currently employs 15,000 people across the UK, has not yet revealed how many jobs will be created at the new sites.
They will add to the company's existing cloud facilities in Portsmouth and Chessington, which have been operating for more than five years.
The UK expansion is part of IBM's shift to cloud services.
Robert LeBlanc, of IBM Cloud, said: "IBM is giving local businesses an easy route to the cloud, helping them quickly innovate and respond to market demands."
Minister of State for Digital and Culture Matt Hancock said: "Today's announcement by IBM is a further boost for this thriving area, and another vote of confidence which shows Britain is open for business."

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Escentual.com, started by Rakesh Aggarwal in 2000 in his parents' garage, has moved to a new operations centre at Ocean Park.
The move was backed by the Welsh government to ensure the expansion stayed in Wales.
The jobs will be created over the next two years and a further 20 will be safeguarded.


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Question: The US state of Missouri is sending the National Guard to the town of Ferguson as protests escalate over the police shooting of an unarmed black teenager.

Governor Jay Nixon signed an order to "help restore peace and order".
An independent autopsy has found Michael Brown, 18, was shot by a Ferguson police officer six times, including twice in the head.
On Sunday evening police dispersed angry crowds shortly before a second consecutive night under curfew began.
The mother of Michael Brown has called for the arrest of the officer who killed her son on 9 August. He has been suspended pending a full investigation.
Officials last week confirmed that Darren Wilson, a six-year police veteran with no previous complaints against him, has been on paid administrative leave since the shooting.
In an interview with US media, Mr Brown's mother said the only way to restore peace in Ferguson was by "arresting [Mr Wilson] and making him accountable for his actions".
A preliminary post-mortem examination by the St Louis County Medical Examiner's office on the day after Mr Brown's death found he had been shot, police said, without disclosing how many times.
But a preliminary private post-mortem report has since revealed that he was shot at least six times, including twice in the head, the New York Times reports.
The probable fatal shot entered the top of Mr Brown's head, forensic pathologist Michael Baden was quoted by the paper as saying.
Missouri National Guard
Gunpowder residue suggested he was not shot at close range, but that finding could change once Mr Baden has access to the clothes Mr Brown was wearing at the time of his death, the newspaper reported.
He flew to Missouri on Sunday to conduct a separate autopsy at the request of the family.
After dark on Sunday, police in Ferguson, a suburb of St Louis, said they came under attack and had no alternative but to respond.
Capt Ron Johnson said protesters had shot at officers and thrown petrol bombs and bottles before the five-hour curfew started at midnight local time (05:00 GMT).
He described the violence as "premeditated criminal acts" intended to provoke a reaction. A number of people were injured during the unrest, and police made several arrests.
No major incidents were reported during the curfew, which has now ended.
Missouri declared a state of emergency and imposed a curfew on Saturday in response to the escalating violence.
The killing of Mr Brown by a white policeman in a street has inflamed racial tensions in the largely black suburb.
Officer Darren Wilson shot the teenager after reportedly stopping him for walking in the street.
The governor of Missouri has criticised police for releasing CCTV footage which apparently shows Mr Brown stealing cigars from a local shop some hours before his death.
Mr Nixon said the release of the footage "appeared to cast aspersions" on the dead man, saying "it made emotions raw".
But he also condemned the protesters: "These violent acts are a disservice to the family of Michael Brown and his memory and to the people of this community who yearn for justice to be served and to feel safe in their own homes."
21,205
Population of Ferguson, Missouri
65%
Black or black African
6% Police officers are black
9% Unemployed
21% Families living below the poverty line
In Pictures: Clashes in Ferguson

A crowd of about 100 gathered at the scene in St Louis early on Wednesday after scuffles the night before.
Police said the man who was shot, Antonio Martin, 18, had pointed a gun at the police officer.
For weeks there have been widespread protests over alleged police brutality.
Berkeley is about two miles (3km) from the St Louis suburb of Ferguson, where 18-year-old Michael Brown was shot dead by a white officer.
St Louis County police chief Jon Belmar said a police officer was responding to a call about a theft when he saw Mr Martin and another man at a petrol station in North Hanley Road and approached them.
He said that Mr Martin pointed a handgun at the officer, and the officer responded by firing three shots. One of the shots hit Mr Martin, he said.
The officer "responded with what he thought was commensurate force at the time", Col Belmar said, adding that "most of us would feel in imminent danger of losing our lives at that point".
Col Belmar described the incident as "a tragedy for everybody", and said a prosecutor had been assigned to investigate the case.
"Our hearts certainly go out to the family, but bad choices were made," he added.
"This individual [Mr Martin] could have complied with the officer; he could have run away; he could have dropped the gun. Things did not have to end with him approaching an officer with a 9mm pistol in his hand."
Berkeley Mayor Theodore Hoskins said that both the city and St Louis County would hold independent investigations.
The incident could not be compared with the shooting of Michael Brown in Ferguson, Mr Hoskins said, adding: "The video shows that the deceased pointed a gun... at the officer."
Between 200 and 300 people gathered at the scene after the incident, Col Belmar said, adding that bricks were thrown at police officers, and three explosive devices set off.
Four people had been arrested for assaulting police officers, he said.
Police are releasing video footage of the run-up to the shooting, and an image of the second man, who fled the scene.
The handgun said to belong to Mr Martin has been recovered by police.
Some protesters remained near the petrol station on Wednesday.
One, Orlando Brown, told AP news agency: "I understand police officers have a job... but do you have to treat every situation with lethal force?
"It's not a racial issue, or black or white. It's wrong or right."
Recent police killings in the US
Read more: Police killings across the US
Relations between police and local communities have become increasingly taut in recent months.
In August, Michael Brown, who was unarmed, was killed by a white police officer who said he opened fire after a struggle in a patrol car in Canfield Drive, Ferguson.
His death sparked protests, sometimes violent, and further unrest followed a grand jury's decision not to charge the officer.
There were further demonstrations after the death of Eric Garner, 43, a black man who died while being held down by a white police officer in July in New York. Again, a grand jury decided against charging the officer.
On Saturday, New York police officers Wenjian Liu and Rafael Ramos were shot dead by gunman Ismaaiyl Brinsley, who then killed himself.
Brinsley, who had a history of violence and mental instability, had posted anti-police messages online, referring to the deaths of Michael Brown and Eric Garner, before the shooting.


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Question: The United Nations has stopped all of its aid to Syria, after its lorries were attacked by warplanes near the city of Aleppo, on Monday.

20 September 2016 Last updated at 16:52 BST
There has been a civil war in Syria, in the Middle East, for more than five years, and millions of people are still trapped there.
The United Nations is a group of 193 countries, including the UK,  who work together to try to keep peace in the world.
It was working in Syria to try to help people caught up in the conflict, but its lorries full of supplies were attacked, and around 20 people were killed.
Because of the attack, the UN say they are stopping all aid efforts in Syria, while they try to work out how to keep their workers safe.

A soldier was killed when Kurdish fighters fired on tanks. Kurdish media say three tanks were destroyed.
Turkish armour crossed the border earlier this week in an operation aimed at so-called Islamic State but also at Kurdish forces in the area.
Elsewhere in Syria activists say at least 15 people were killed in a barrel bomb attack in Aleppo.
Saturday saw clashes between Turkish tanks and Kurdish forces near Jarablus, a border town Turkey helped Syrian rebels recapture from IS on Wednesday.
Turkish planes bombarded positions south of the town, in what one group allied with Kurdish rebels called a "dangerous escalation".
Three other soldiers were wounded in the clash with Kurdish fighters.
Turkey has vowed to continue the campaign until there is no longer a "terror" threat from its neighbour, likely to refer both to IS and to the Kurds.
It fears Kurdish fighters gaining an unbroken strip of territory along its border, which would be a huge boost to the Kurdistan Workers Party (PKK), a banned Kurdish rebel group fighting for autonomy in Turkey.
The Turkish move further complicates the already protracted Syrian civil war. Both Turkey and Kurdish rebels are US allies.
In another development, a police checkpoint near the airport at Turkey's south-eastern city of Diyarbakir came under rocket fire on Saturday evening. No casualties or disruption to flights were reported.
Two barrel bombs struck minutes apart in a rebel-held part of Aleppo city, according to the UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights, an opposition monitoring group.
The first struck crowds mourning child victims of a similar attack earlier this week, while the second hit crowds that had gathered after the first bombing, the monitors said.
The UN's Special Envoy for Syria, Staffan de Mistura, has urged the warring sides in Aleppo to approve safe delivery of vital supplies by Sunday.
Also on Saturday, the Syrian government said it had retaken control of the town of Darayya, near the capital Damascus, after the last rebels left under a deal ending a four-year siege.
Thousands of civilians have also left under the agreement, having endured years of constant shelling and shortages of essentials.
One of those transferred to a government-held town was a four-year-old boy named Yazan.
There, he enjoyed ice cream for the first time after knowing nothing else but life under siege.
"He's never tasted sweets before," his mother told the AFP news agency. "He was over the moon when he saw biscuits."


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Question: China-based Gervinho has been recalled to the Ivory Coast squad as late replacement for injured Salomon Kalou.

The Elephants have a friendly this weekend's against the Netherlands and a 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier at home to Guinea a week later.
Gervinho, who plays for Chinese side Hebei Fortune, missed January's Nations Cup with a knee injury.
Coach Marc Wilmots has also had to replace Crystal Palace winger Wilfried Zaha with Fulham's Gohi Bi Cyriac.
The two-time African champions are rebuilding after an embarrassing group stage exit in Gabon early this year.
The friendly against the Netherlands is Wilmots' first game in charge of the Elephants.
In August, they resume their World Cup qualifying campaign away in Gabon. The Ivory Coast head Group C with four points from their first two matches.

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Reports in France suggest the Borussia Monchengladbach winger will stand by his decision at the 2015 Nations Cup to take a break from internationals.
The 27-year-old made the announcement after a quarter-final loss to Ghana.
"The time has come for me to reconsider my international career in order to focus on my club," he said.
Guinea coach Luis Fernandez, who only took charge of the Syli Nationale in April, has named Traore in a 23-man squad for the 6 September fixture.
But veteran defender Kamil Zayatte, who has been overlooked by Fernandez, has admitted that his playing days are truly over after the latest omission.
"No, it's fine. All is well," Zayatte told French radio station RFI.
"It is the choice of the coach and I respect him. It's time for me now to move on. Good luck Syli ".
Trabzonspor's Kevin Constante and Spain-based Alhassane Bangoura are also in the squad.
But there is no room for Bouna Sarr, who turned down the chance to play for Guinea at the 2015 Africa Cup of Nations in Equatorial Guinea and against Swaziland in June.
Tiny Swaziland stunned Guinea 2-1 in a horror debut for former France World Cup star Fernandez as qualification for the Nations Cup in Gabon began in June.
Diminutive attacker Tony Tsabedze scored both goals in the Group L clash, hosted in Morocco because Guinea are banned from staging international matches following the Ebola outbreak in the country.


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Question: In a spat on the BBC's Question Time programme on Thursday, Conservative minister David Davis and Labour's Rebecca Long-Bailey clashed on crime rates in England and Wales.

Mr Davis, the Brexit secretary, claimed that in the six years that Theresa May served as home secretary, from 2010 to 2016, crime came down by 30%.
But Ms Long-Bailey, shadow business secretary, claimed that in the last year "violence against the person" offences had increased by 19%.
Both are talking about England and Wales only because Scotland and Northern Ireland have separate criminal justice systems.
Reality Check has been looking through the figures and what they mean.
The easy answer is that they are selecting figures from different ways of measuring different aspects of crime - neither is wrong but the more difficult question is which best represents how much crime people are actually experiencing.
Let's take each figure in turn.
Mr Davis is using figures from the Crime Survey for England and Wales. This is a face-to-face survey of 38,000 adults and children in which they are asked about their experiences of crime in the previous year.
Until 2016, the survey did not include fraud and cyber crime. If you exclude those crimes in order to compare like with like, then between 2010 and 2016, crime fell by 35%.
If you were to include those offences that were added in 2016, it would look like the crime rate has gone up.
The Crime Survey is generally considered a good measure of crime experienced by individuals because it is not affected by changes to how crime is recorded.
It also includes crimes that have historically been under-reported to the police - for example, domestic abuse.
This means the overall crime rate recorded by the survey is always higher than the number of crimes recorded by the police. Only an estimated 42% of all crimes recorded in the Crime Survey are reported to the police.
However, it has some limitations. It does not cover crimes against businesses or people living in communal residences like care homes, prisons or student accommodation. It is also excludes crimes where there is no victim to interview, for example homicides and drug offences.
And there is also a time-lag in the survey, so the figures are older than police figures. This means the survey is very good for looking at long-term trends but less good at spotting emerging ones.
Reality Check: Are there 20,000 fewer police?
Why nobody seems to know whether crime is up or down
Ms Long-Bailey is using police recorded crime to arrive at a 19% increase in violent crime in a year. About half of those recorded offences did not result in injury.
Police recorded crime is a good measure of offences that are well-reported to the police but their accuracy has been called into question in recent years because of changes in methodology and they are no longer designated as national statistics.
The Office for National Statistics (ONS) says part of the rise is a genuine increase in crime in some areas, for example knife crime in London.
But some of it will be down to both changes in recording practices, and focused efforts from police to tackle certain crimes which leads to higher levels being recorded.
Two new harassment offences were added to the category "violence against the person". If you exclude these offences, the rise in total violent crimes is 14%.
There have been recent improvements in recording certain offences, such as modern slavery, which will push up the figures.
However, in the long term injuries from violence recorded by the NHS back up the idea that violence has generally been falling over time, not just under Mrs May's watch but since 1997.
What the crime figures say depends on which ones you choose to look at. Researchers at the ONS say on balance the evidence suggests there have been some genuine increases in certain types of crime over the last year but the long-term trend is that violence has been falling, not just under Mrs May's watch but for the last 20 years.
Read more on Reality Check

In an article in the Sun on Sunday, Mr Johnson said he would never knife his own politician brother, Jo.
Mr Miliband claimed Conservative election strategist Lynton Crosby was behind the attack and urged Mr Johnson to sack him if he became Tory leader.
An unrepentant Mr Johnson said Mr Miliband "would do more damage to this country than he did to his brother".
The two men clashed on BBC One's Andrew Marr Show ahead of the 7 May general election. They had both been interviewed separately  but were brought together on the sofa for a brief but noisy debate at the end of the programme.
Andrew Marr asked Mr Johnson if his attack on the Labour leader was fair.
Mr Miliband immediately cut in, saying: "Well, Lynton Crosby's putting him up to it.
"Come on Boris, you're better than this. Come on. Don't just do what Lynton says to you.
"If you become leader of the Tory party I'd get rid of Lynton if I were you. He doesn't do much for you."
Mr Johnson replied: "I'm not saying your brother had to present himself at A&E with a dagger in his back."
He pointed at the Labour leader and added: "He would do more damage to this country than he did to his brother and that is the key point."
Earlier in the campaign Defence Secretary Michael Fallon said Mr Miliband had "stabbed his own brother in the back" to lead Labour and was now "willing to stab the UK in the back" by doing a deal on Trident with the SNP "to become PM".
The Labour leader claimed the attack on him had dragged politics "into the gutter".
In 2010, Ed Miliband defeated his older brother David in a contest to become Labour leader.
The Sun of Sunday had styled Mr Johnson as "the Bozfather" in a piece emphasising family loyalty.
Boris Johnson, who pointed out during the Andrew Marr Show that he and Mr Miliband had attended the same primary school, is hoping to get back into Parliament at the election - his brother Jo is also hoping to get re-elected as an MP.
Mr Johnson, who is serving his second term as the elected Conservative Mayor of London, is widely tipped as a possible successor to David Cameron as party leader.
Andrew Marr watched as the two politicians faced each other and joked, perhaps referring to possible future Prime Minister's Questions clashes: "I have a premonition that this is things to come."


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Question: This is the moment an 86-year-old woman "defended herself" with a packet of bacon against a would-be thief in an Iceland supermarket.

20 July 2016 Last updated at 12:06 BST
Police said the shopper "defended herself by repeatedly hitting the female offender over the head with the packet of bacon" in a Facebook post.
But CCTV obtained by Altrincham Today suggests the police report was slightly more dramatic than the actual incident,
The BBC has approached Greater Manchester Police (GMP) for comment.

9 November 2015 Last updated at 16:25 GMT
The 66-year-old victim is repeatedly kicked in the face and head during the robbery.
The robber eventually runs off empty-handed after what police describe as a "nasty and callous attack on a lone woman" at around 06:00 BST on Saturday 13 June.
Leicestershire Police is appealing for anybody with information to get in contact.


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Question: Conservative MP Justin Tomlinson faces a two-day suspension from the Commons for leaking a draft committee report.

The ex-minister had shared the findings of an inquiry into Regulating Consumer Credit with a Wonga employee in 2013.
The Privileges Committee found he "committed a contempt" and said his actions "constituted substantial interference" with the inquiry.
Addressing the Commons on Thursday, Mr Tomlinson, North Swindon MP, issued a "full and unreserved apology".
The House is due to vote on the MP's proposed suspension when Parliament returns from the conference recess in October.
The incident happened when Mr Tomlinson was a member of the Public Accounts Committee (PAC) in May 2013.
He gave a confidential draft report on regulating consumer credit to an employee from payday lender Wonga, who replied with comments and suggested amendments to the report.
The MP said at the time that his judgement had "been clouded", apologised and accepted he broke the rules.
An inquiry was launched by Parliament's Standards and Privileges Committee, and in a report published on Thursday, it recommended "that Mr Tomlinson apologise to the House by means of a personal statement and that he be suspended from the service of the House for two sitting days".
"These days should be consecutive and not be divided by non-sitting days or recesses which would inadvertently extend the period of suspension beyond that specified," it added.
Mr Tomlinson apologised to the House of Commons on Thursday, his voice appearing to waver at times during his statement.
He told MPs: "I accept that my actions in sharing the report constituted an interference in the work of the PAC and for this I am truly sorry. This was never my intention."
He said his actions were a result of his "own naivety, driven by a desire to strengthen legislation on payday lenders and protect vulnerable consumers".
This had been confirmed by the Privileges Committee, which found that he was "not motivated by financial gain" nor with the intention of reflecting Wonga's views, he said.

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Conservative MP Andrew Bridgen tried to block the appointment to the justice committee following newspaper claims that Mr Vaz paid for the services of two male sex workers.
But his attempt was rejected in a Commons vote by 203 to seven.
Mr Vaz quit as chairman of the influential home affairs committee in September.
Electing MPs to vacancies on committees is usually uncontentious, with each party given a set allocation of places.
Labour put forward Mr Vaz and Kate Green for the two vacant places on the justice committee, which is chaired by Conservative Robert Neill.


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Question: The death toll in Mexico's landslides and flooding has jumped to 38 after Tropical Storm Earl swept through the country's eastern regions.

The state worst hit is Puebla, where officials say 28 people died. Another 10 people were killed in the state of Veracruz.
Previously, the confirmed number of deaths was six.
Earl made landfall in Belize this week as a Category One hurricane, after causing destruction in the Caribbean.
The storm was later downgraded to a tropical depression but it still left a path of destruction in Mexico.
Most of the victims were in the remote town of Huauchinango, Puebla.
They died after their houses were engulfed by tonnes of mud and rocks.
A whole hill collapsed near Huauchinango, sweeping down on a nearby village, officials say.
"It is a tragedy what has happened to our people in Huauchinango," Mayor Gabriel Alvarado was quoted as saying by the Associated Press.
Heavy rain continued in the region, forcing officials to close a section of the main federal motorway to the capital Mexico City.
Earlier this week, at least nine people died due to extreme weather in Haiti and the Dominican Republic as the storm passed over the Caribbean.

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Examples:

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Schools were ordered to stay closed and shelters have been set up in the states of Guerrero and Michoacan.
Carlos was downgraded to a tropical storm on Sunday, but meteorologists said it could again reach hurricane-level strength by Tuesday.
Guerrero was badly hit by Tropical Storm Manuel in September 2013, with thousands of people left stranded.
Guerrero state officials said more than 500 shelters were ready to receive residents.
Acapulco, the largest city in the state, closed its port.
The Miami-based US National Hurricane Center said that Carlos was 205km (125 miles) off the coast of Acapulco at 09:00 GMT on Monday, moving west-northwest at a speed of 9 km/h.
The storm had maximum sustained winds of 70mph (113km/h).
The Center warned that heavy rainfall could cause life-threatening flash floods and mudslides.
Following Tropical Storm Manuel, a mudslide swept through the village of La Pintada killing dozens of residents.


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Question: Six-time Olympic champion Usain Bolt ran a season's best 9.98 seconds in winning the men's 100m at the Golden Spike meeting in the Czech Republic.

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Media playback is not supported on this device
In his first European outing of the year, the Jamaican recovered from a slow start to win with ease with Ramon Gittens 0.23 secs behind in second.
Bolt clocked 10.05 seconds in his only other 100m of the season - at the Cayman Islands Invitational Meet.
The 29-year-old needed treatment on a tight hamstring following that race.
He took a break from racing after the Beijing World Championships last August, where he won golds in the 100m, 200m and 4x100m relay.
In the build up to the race in Ostrava, the 100m and 200m world record holder said his main aim was to break the world 200m record at this summer's Rio Olympics.

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American Aries Merritt's world record stands at 12.80 and McLeod said he hopes to break it before the London World Championships in August.
McLeod, 23, has races in Paris and Budapest before travelling to London.
"I did not get it, so I am going after it next time," he said.
McLeod's time on Saturday beat the previous Jamaican record of 12.94 set by Hansle Parchment in 2014 in Paris.
"The coach wanted a 12.8 and I know he will be a little upset. But I can tell him I set a national record of 12.90 and am now the fifth fastest man in history."
McLeod set the time during the Jamaican track and field championships, which are also acting as qualifiers for the World Championships.
On Friday at the Jamaican trials, Yohan Blake ran his fastest time in five years in the 100m while Elaine Thompson clocked her fastest time this year in the women's 100m.


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Question: You may remember Ryan Gosling trying and spectacularly failing to hold back his giggles at the Oscars last month.

The La La Land actor was seen laughing on stage when the wrong film was announced as best picture.
But he has now explained that he was just relieved that the commotion wasn't the result of something more serious.
"I thought there was some kind of medical situation, and I had this worst-case scenario playing out in my head," he said.
"And then I just heard Moonlight won and I was so relieved that I started laughing."
La La Land had mistakenly been announced as the winner before a flurry of floor managers took to the stage to clarify that Moonlight had actually won the night's biggest prize.
Gosling described the "surreal" situation after the error came to light.
"I was watching people start to have this panicked reaction in the crowd," he told the Adobe Summit in Las Vegas.
"Guys were coming on with headsets and I felt like someone had been hurt."
He added: "Truthfully, I was also so thrilled that Moonlight won. It's such a groundbreaking film, made for a million dollars, and incredible achievement and I'm so happy for them that they were being recognised."
The mix-up might have made him laugh at the time, but there were later reports that his face "looked like thunder" after the ceremony.
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The picture sees 163 of this year's nominees gathered together and smiling away, but zoom in and there is a whole lot more going on.
Here are just seven of the things we spotted in this year's photo.
1. Pharrell Williams didn't exactly dress for the occasion
All of this year's male nominees are dressed smartly in tuxes and suits. Well, almost all.
The "dress code" memo must have gone into Pharrell's junk email inbox, because he turned up wearing a green baseball cap and grey sweater.
To be fair - the sweater does have the Nasa logo on it, a reference to best picture nominee Hidden Figures.
Pharrell wrote several songs for the soundtrack to the film, which tells the story of three African-American women who worked behind the scenes at the space agency in the 1960s.
2. Michelle Williams is upstaged by Casey Affleck's facial hair
Casey Affleck's facial hair is fast becoming the eighth wonder of the world. It gets longer with every awards ceremony he appears at this season.
It's now on the verge of totally eclipsing poor Michelle Williams, Affleck's co-star in Manchester by the Sea, who has to peep out from behind his mane.
She must be used to Affleck stealing her limelight.
The actor appears in nearly every scene in the 137-minute movie, while Williams's screen time clocks in at 11 minutes.
3. The writer of Moonlight wants you to know how many nominations it has
Tarell Alvin McCraney brightens up the back row of the photograph with his winning smile.
He's the man behind the stage play In Moonlight Black Boys Look Blue - which went on to become Moonlight, one of this year's most hotly-tipped Oscars contenders.
McCraney is so pleased with the film's success he wants to let you know just how many Oscar nominations the film has received, and he is seen here holding up eight fingers.
(There is, of course, another explanation. He could be making the "305" hand gesture - which is the area code for Miami-Dade county, his home and the place where Moonlight is set.)
Also - hats off to Shawn Levy (who's standing next to Tarell), who wins the award for the most delightfully bright smile of the whole photo. He is the producer of Arrival, which is nominated for best picture.
4. Justin Timberlake needs to sack his tailor
"What's your inside leg measurement, Justin?"
"I don't know, maybe 32 inches?"
"Hmmm, I don't have enough material for that. Have a 28-inch pair of trousers instead."
"Great, that'll do, thanks Derek."
5. The front row is so where we wanna be
Emma Stone, Matt Damon, Natalie Portman, Octavia Spencer are all sitting together in the front row.
Can someone please organise for us to join this BFF group, that'd be great, thanks.
Extra respect for Octavia Spencer for wearing a pair of white trousers while so many of the other female nominees are in a dress or skirt, and for Natalie Portman, who manages to create the illusion she's impressively wearing high heels even while pregnant with twins.
(She is actually wearing her flat shoes and tipping her heels up. Crafty.)
Also - Manchester by the Sea producer Kimberly Steward (far right) is that sweet kid in your class who was accidentally never looking at the camera in the school photo every single year.
6. Ryan Gosling needs to cheer up
You're the lead actor in the jointly most-nominated film of all time, pal. Uncross your arms for goodness sake.
Slightly happier to be there is the lovely Dev Patel, in the row in front, looking every inch the Hollywood star.
He's come a long way from how he looked at the Toronto International Film Festival in 2009 when he was starring in Slumdog Millionaire.
He told the BBC: "I first came to Toronto in my school shoes and I had a blazer and I was with Frida [Pinto, his co-star] and they said 'You can't put this guy next to her because he looks so terrible'. I think I got a free penguin suit that didn't quite fit me and they gave me shoes."
This year, he's nominated for best supporting actor and is seen wearing a burgundy Valentino suit. Nice.
7. Is this gap for Meryl Streep?
Missing nominees from the photo include Michael Shannon (nominated for best supporting actor for Nocturnal Animals) and Andrew Garfield (best actor, Hacksaw Ridge).
But of course, the most notable absentee is Her Royal Acting Highness, Meryl Streep - who is up for best actress this year for her role in Florence Foster Jenkins.
Maybe this gap in the back row behind Denzel Washington was intended for her, and she got held up in traffic.
Alternatively, perhaps she's been to so many of these things she's just had enough. Either way, we're pretty sure she'll be at the ceremony.
This year's Oscars, which will be hosted by Jimmy Kimmel, will take place in Hollywood, Los Angeles on 26 February.
Follow us on Facebook, on Twitter @BBCNewsEnts, or on Instagram at bbcnewsents. If you have a story suggestion email entertainment.news@bbc.co.uk.


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Question: All images subject to copyright.

A new exhibition explores the history of graffiti - from its roots in the inner cities of Philadelphia and New York, through to the present day global graffiti movement.
Masters of Invention - at the Lettering Arts Centre in Suffolk - looks at the emergence of simple personal tags in the late 1960s, to highly intricate contemporary forms of this urban art.
It is curated by Errol Donald - a former graffiti artist whose work below was displayed in the UK's first exhibition dedicated to graffiti, in Bristol, more than 30 years ago.
"This new show is a unique visual history of a letterform that has evolved from humble beginnings," he says.
"It is now a highly complex and sophisticated form of design practice, still faithful to its subversive, inventive origins."
Scroll down to see more of the work on display.
Cornbread, the pseudonym of Darryl McCray, is widely recognised as the first to popularise graffiti in the late 1960s.
But in 1971 he announced his retirement, as recorded in this image from the Philadelphia Inquirer.
Over in New York, Taki 183 began writing his name all over the city.
Shortening his real name, Demetrius, to "Taki" - which is slang for a number of Greek names - he accompanied this with his address at the time: 183rd Street in Washington Heights.
On seeing his signature tag, a reporter from the New York Times profiled him - which led to copycat tags across the city.
The next photograph - dated 15 June 1972 - shows more of the tag craze in the early 1970s.
A woman is reading next to a US subway wall covered in tags by artists Flowers, Dice, CAY 161 and Stay High 149.
In graffiti terms, a tag is its most basic form.
It is simply a writer's signature in marker or spray paint, although it will often be stylised.
The photograph above, taken around 1970, is of a wall in Philadelphia.
Artist Kool Klepto Kidd claims to keep the peace, Cool Earl declares he is all love and Bobbi Cool writes that he is king.
On the image above from New York in the early 1970s, curator Errol Donald says that "Stitch 1 was a legendary writer from Ogden Avenue in the Bronx and Rocky 184 was his girlfriend.
"The pair met in 1969 on the corner of 188th Street and Audubon Avenue, which would eventually become known as Writers' Corner 188."
"The fashion and the graffiti of the era could not be captured more perfectly than in this photo from 1973," says Donald.
"Snake 1, Static 5, Flash 191 and Stitch 1 at the PS 189 school yard in Washington Heights, New York."
The next 1970s image - from a Philadelphia subway station - shows a woman standing in front of a large TITY peace sign marking.
While in the Bronx in New York, torn Richard Nixon political posters co-ordinated with the red and black tags of writers such as Charmin 65.
Bando, real name Phillip Lehman, grew up in Paris and New York.
In the 1980s, he began the Crime Time Kings, a graffiti crew from across Europe made up of himself, Mode2 and Shoe.
Born in Mauritius, Mode2 came to London in 1976, becoming one of the forerunners of the British graffiti and street art movement.
Covent Garden in London was the centre of the UK's hip-hop scene in the 1980s and was where he founded the influential graffiti group The Chrome Angelz.
Known for his paintings that blend graffiti and calligraphy, Niels "Shoe" Meulman initiated the Calligraffiti movement.
The visual artist, who has work in the The San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, has said about his work - "a word is an image and writing is painting".
Delta, the alias of Boris Tellegen, is a Dutch artist who also has roots in the 1980s graffiti scene.
After studying at Delft University of Technology he began to experiment with sculptural versions of the graffiti style using bright colours.
A student of applied chemistry, Shok-1 spray-paints his art - which is based on X-rays - on to walls around the world.
He creates freehand - without stencils or tape - blending art and science.
Yorkshire-born artist Keith Hopewell creates art under the name of Part2ism.
His complicated, colourful pieces are a long way from the early tags that covered walls in New York and Philadelphia.
Finally - the work of Zaki Dee - another founding member of The Chrome Angelz group.
Dee began creating in 1982 - and now, after a hiatus of several years, he has returned to the graffiti scene, painting several walls in and around London.
The Masters of Invention exhibition runs from 24 March - 29 May 2017 at The Lettering Arts Centre, Snape Maltings, Suffolk.

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