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Question: Chocolate prices could rise if the UK does not secure a trade deal post-Brexit, according to Mars' top boss.

Fiona Dawson, global president for Mars, said the absence of a deal with EU member states would see tariffs of up to 30% for the industry.
Speaking at the American Chamber of Commerce to the EU, she warned this would "threaten [the] supply chain and the jobs that come with it."
Theresa May has promised to push for the "freest possible trade".
The Prime Minister has said that if a good deal is not agreed with the EU, the UK will walk away, adding: "No deal for Britain is better than a bad deal for Britain."
But Ms Dawson fears this would see the country revert to World Trade Organisation trading rules, meaning tariffs.
"The absence of hard borders (in Europe) with all their attendant tariff, customs and non-tariff barriers allows for this integrated supply chain, which helps to keep costs down," she said.
"The return of those barriers would create higher costs which would threaten that supply chain and the jobs that come with it."
Ms Dawson said those costs could not be absorbed by confectionery companies, meaning consumers would have to pay more for their products.
Mars has factories in the UK and across Europe, with ingredients being transported between sites in France, Germany, Poland and other EU countries.
The firm invested more in the UK after the Brexit vote, including an announcement of Â£23m at its factory in King's Lynn, Norfolk.
Companies in the automotive and the financial sector have been the focus since the vote, according to Ms Dawson.
But with food and drink the largest manufacturing sector in the UK, accounting for 16% of turnover, she said she wanted a new focus, and called for EU leaders to look at the bigger picture when negotiating.
"There can be no economic advantage either side restricting trade with a large market situated on its doorstep," she said.
"In simple terms, if the UK and the EU fail to agree on a new preferential deal, it will be to the detriment of all.
"Other member states should remember this is not about 'punishing' Britain for her decision to withdraw, but rather about finding the best solution for European and UK workers and consumers.
"That consideration must come first as we build the future."
Toby Clark, director of research for analyst firm Mintel, said there are no guarantees what will happen to prices, but consumers were already feeling the effects.
"The real challenge is these price rises are going to start happening before Brexit," he said. "Towards the end of last year, the grocery market was so competitive that you didn't see a lot of changes.
"But now they are coming through, before any of these big things happen, with tariffs or the supply chain.
"There is some positivity out there that Brexit will be good for the overall economy, but our research shows 45% think it will have a negative impact on people's pockets when it comes to prices. People are worried."
The BBC has contacted the Department for Exiting the European Union for a response.

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The ex-chief executives, who previously ran Tesco, Sainsbury's, Asda, Morrisons, M&S and B&Q, said a drop in the pound coupled with supply chain disruption would cause prices to spike.
The average household could be £580 a year worse off as a result, retail union USDAW has predicted.
Vote Leave rejected the claims.
"Independent experts are clear, EU membership and the meddling court that comes with it have put up prices and hurt our economic growth," said Vote Leave chief executive Matthew Elliott.
"The EU is costly, bureaucratic and blind to the impact it has had on people's wages and soaring energy bills."
But the retail bosses, which include former Marks and Spencer boss Marc Bolland and former Sainsbury's chief executive Justin King, insisted that a UK exit from the European Union would be "catastrophic for millions of ordinary families".
USDAW said it had calculated its £580 figure based on an expected fall in sterling in the event of the UK's exit from the EU, together with expected new tariffs imposed on imported EU goods including food, drink and clothing.
The former bosses of Tesco, M&S, Sainsbury's and B&Q already warned last month that prices would rise amid a so-called Brexit, but their ranks have swelled with the addition of the ex-chief executives of Asda and Morrisons.
Richard Lloyd, former executive director of consumer group Which?, said he was now "convinced that leaving the EU will give ordinary British families a worse deal for years to come".
"My advice to consumers is clear - this could be an expensive mistake, don't risk it," he said.
Tough competition from discount rivals together with low inflation means that overall the prices of groceries has steadily fallen.
According to consumer research firm Kantar Worldpanel the price of groceries has fallen every month since September 2014, with the average household now spending £78.10 a week in the supermarket.


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Question: By making a statement of regret over the Jallianwala Bagh massacre, David Cameron has opened up a can of other questions and grievances over Britain's colonial past.

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What about the British museum returning all the treasures looted from India during the Raj? What about sending back the Kohinoor diamond still embedded in Queen Elizabeth's crown?
And many commenting on this blog say it shouldn't stop at India - what about the many casualties of Britain's wars in Afghanistan?
But if Britain is in the mood to say sorry in India, there is one episode which stands out more than the Jallianwala Bagh massacre - the 1943 Bengal famine, when over 3 million people may have died, four years before the end of British rule.
If it gets any attention in the UK, it's seen as one more tragic consequence of World War II, with British India at the time focused on the war against Japan.
But British actions and opposition towards Gandhi's Quit India movement are now seen to have played a key role in the disaster.
While Winston Churchill condemned the Jallianwala Bagh massacre as "monstrous", he took a very different attitude to Indian suffering 24 years later as prime minister.
His only reply to a telegram reporting how many Bengalis were perishing was to ask "why Gandhi hadn't died yet."
Mr Cameron should have apologised for the famine says Madhusree Mukherjee, who has written a widely praised history of the Bengali famine.
And why not? Tony Blair expressed regret for the Irish potato famine and for Britain's role in the slave trade.
British officials say the motivation for going to Jallianwala Bagh was not to apologise for the Raj.
"He wanted to express his condolences for that particular incident because he was visiting Amritsar," said a Downing Street spokesperson.
Madhusree Mukherjee says the prime minister may have wanted to avoid going further because "any admission of wrongdoing could facilitate a legal claim for reparations".
The chief reason Mr Cameron went to Amritsar was because of the large numbers of voters of Punjabi origin back in the UK. So he had to say something about Jallianwala Bagh, officials say.
Many dismiss the practice of political apologies for past events as meaningless. Mr Blair, critics say, could easily say sorry for the Irish famine, but was never going to apologise for the Iraq war.
But David Cameron has set a precedent now in India, with his desire for "a special relationship". If he plans a trip to Calcutta while he's still prime minister, he won't be able to avoid the Bengal famine.

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Some commentators see him as a luminary who has been turned into a pariah, following a UK inquiry - led by Sir John Chilcot - into the decisions taken by Mr Blair's government.
They say he now faces compensation claims from the families of British soldiers killed in the war.
In the Middle East, some writers say apologies for the errors involved in the invasion of Iraq are insufficient, and that more needs to be done to overcome its consequences.
There has been little coverage of the Iraq War report in Iraq itself. Papers there generally do not publish during the Eid al-Fitr holiday, which Muslims celebrate following the fasting month of Ramadan.
"After 13 years, Britain admits the crime of destroying Iraq" - Egypt's private daily Al-Watan
"Shameful Blair is a war criminal. Chilcot report exposes and condemns Blair for invading Iraq" Bahrain's pro-government Akhbar al-Khaleej daily
"The West has a consistent urge to see our Arab world stumbling. Who could forget Sykes-Picot, Balfour Declaration, the establishment of Israel and the continuous attacks on Arabs since the Crusades… And in all of this, always search for Britain" - Zuhayr Maged of Oman's pro-government Al-Watan
The report "will change nothing… The war left wounds that will never heal, conflicts that will not end and contributed to the emergence of the Islamic State group" - Othman al-Merghany of London-based Asharq al-Awsat daily
"Apology is not enough and there should be efforts made to alleviate the disastrous consequences… How could Britain burn a country and destroy its political and economic entities with regrets only?" - United Arab Emirates' pro-government paper Al-Khaleej
"The most brilliant British politician of recent decades, elected three times, has become a pariah in his own country" - Florentin Collomp in French daily Le Figaro
"British participation in the US operation was a stab at European solidarity, especially at France and Germany, who opposed the war" - Jacques Hubert-Rodier in French daily Les Echos
The Chilcot report ended "where it actually could become risky for Blair: on the question of criminal responsibility" - Germany's Sueddeutsche Zeitung
"Planning for the subsequent occupation of the country turned out to be 'totally inadequate', and the bloody civil war opened the floodgates for Islamist terrorism" - Germany's Berliner Zeitung
"The world needs to learn the lessons of this report so that it does not go back to taking action without multilateral consensus and beyond the umbrella of international law" - Spain's El Mundo
"Tony Blair became a puppet in the hands of George Bush... The conclusions of the investigation… are the fiercest political condemnation and sad for the former Labour leader" - Fabio Cavalera in Italy's Corriere della Sera
"The report has seriously damaged Blair's reputation... However, the Iraqi sins may take their toll on Blair's purse. Families of the victims hope to take advantage of the report to file a civil suit" - Yevgeny Medvedev in Russian Nezavisimaya Gazeta
"Blair faces a long fight to escape lawsuits… he definitely won't be put behind bars, but he will be publicly beaten to his knees" - Dmitry Gololobov in Russian Vedomosti
"Britain's establishment never forgave itself for taking the country to war in Iraq in 2003, and Wednesday's publication of a public inquiry into the invasion provided a fresh opportunity for self-flagellation… the so-called Chilcot Inquiry tells us nothing we didn't know" - Wall Street Journal
"Those who said that Mr Blair and his government were 'misled' by faulty intelligence on weapons of mass destruction before the war have lost their claim" - Carne Ross in New York Times
"For all the evidence of close relations between Blair and the former US president, the Chilcot inquiry actually found that London ultimately had very little to show for offering unwavering support to Washington" - Time magazine
"Scathing report on Blair's Iraq War role prompts contrition, defiance and a reckoning" - Griff Witte in Washington Post
BBC Monitoring reports and analyses news from TV, radio, web and print media around the world. You can follow BBC Monitoring  on Twitter and Facebook.


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Question: Rural councils want more funding, saying they got a "raw deal" after repeatedly suffering the deepest cuts.

The body that represents councils wants the Welsh government to provide a grant of up to Â£4.75m.
The Welsh Local Government Association (WLGA) has submitted plans for grants to limit losses in Powys, Ceredigion, Monmouthshire and Pembrokeshire.
A Welsh government spokesman said the funding formula is agreed each year in partnership with local government.
Powys council leader Barry Thomas, whose council is in line for the biggest cut of 4.1% next year, said: "Powys is in a very bleak situation.
"We are doing now a three-year projected budget and there's Â£27m worth of savings that have got to be achieved.
"It's really hard searching to find where we are going to take those savings from. We are having a raw deal."
Opposition parties are threatening to vote down the Welsh government's budget plans for councils unless ministers find more for rural authorities.
Without an overall majority in the assembly, Labour needs opposition support to win votes in the Senedd.
An alternative WLGA proposal would see Powys, Ceredigion and Monmouthshire councils share Â£2.48m.
Next year, these three councils will see cuts of at least 3.1% while Cardiff will lose 0.1%.
However, Powys and Ceredigion will still receive more funding per head of population than Cardiff.
The WLGA wants to overhaul to the formula that calculates how much money councils get from the Welsh government.
It said it is "outdated" and the faster-growing populations in towns and cities means the countryside is being "squeezed".
A Welsh government spokesman said: "Local authorities and the Welsh Local Government Association are represented on the group that considers changes to the formula along with independent members who ensure there is no evidence of bias either in favour of, or against, the interests of any individual local authority.
"We have noted the calls for a grant to mitigate the impact on the rural authorities receiving lower Revenue Support Grant settlements and will reflect on this alongside other evidence we receive as part of the budget scrutiny."

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Westminster MPs only have legislative powers and responsibilities for local government in England.
Child and adult social care, housing, High Street businesses, parking and transport, recycling and rubbish collection, parks and libraries.
They're all services managed to a large extent by local authorities, and funded in part by one-off grants and the likes of council tax, business rates and other fees and charges.
For English local authorities, the rest of the money comes in the form of an annual direct grant from the Treasury.
The current government has cut local government funding overall in real terms but at the same time, it's getting more expensive to dispose of waste, provide social care to an ageing population and employ staff, despite capped pay rises.
Over the past five years there has also been a push for more decisions to be taken locally, particularly on planning and building.
English local government is expected to spend more than £114bn this year - around a quarter of all public spending, according to the government.
The average Band D council tax set by local authorities in England for 2014-15 was £1,468, an increase of 0.9% on the previous year.
Housing starts in 2014 in England were up 10% on 2014 on the previous year - but this figure is 25% below the house-building peak reached in 2007.
From April 2016 the cost of adult social care in England will be capped at £72,000, from the age of 65 onwards. But £230 a week of the costs charged by a care home will not count.
Squaring the circle is only going to get harder - that is, keeping the cost of local government down while the social care bill rises and demand for housing grows, at least in urban areas.
Alongside balancing the books, the next government will be faced with a myriad of options on further devolution to English local authorities.
Options discussed so far include more city mayors, "super-councils" made up of five or six local authorities as in Greater Manchester, and even the revival of the idea of elected regional assemblies.
It's been suggested these bodies could oversee policies such as transport, social care and housing as well as police budgets.
But it's not clear how much of an appetite exists for these changes, earlier versions of which were rejected under Labour in 2004 and under the coalition in 2011.
"Individuals have paid the price of funding reductions, whether it is through seeing their local library close, roads deteriorate or support for young people and families scaled back. These local services need to be adequately funded in the next parliament if they are going to survive the next few years" - Cllr David Sparks, chair of the Local Government Association
"The idea of becoming self-sufficient would in the short term create a far more stable environment - even if the government did a deal with local government that accepted that local resources would decline more than they have up to now" - Professor Tony Travers, London School of Economics


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Question: A man has died in a house fire in County Durham.

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County Durham and Darlington Fire and Rescue crews were called to Beech Close, Brasside, on Monday evening. The street is in the Framwellgate Moor area of the city.
The man was pronounced dead at the scene.
A joint investigation between the fire service and Durham Police has been launched, a fire service spokesman said.

A 28-year-old man has been arrested on suspicion of causing death by careless driving and is in custody.
Gwent Police said the incident happened at about 15:05 BST on Friday outside the Queens Hotel on Bridge Street.


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Question: Australian Kimberley Brennan comfortably won Olympic gold in the women's single sculls final in Rio.

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World champion Brennan, 31, beat the USA's Genevra Stone by half a length in a time of seven minutes 21.54 seconds with China's Duan Jingli claiming bronze.
Find out how to get into rowing with our special guide.
Brennan, bronze medallist at London 2012, has dominated the event leading up to the Olympic Games.
It was Australia's sixth gold of the Games and third rowing medal.
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The event is being contested by non-Olympic classes, with the GB pair's semi-final taking place on Thursday.
The duo won in 6:37.050, with Ireland's Mark O'Donovan and Shane O'Driscoll also in the semis after taking second.
Paul O'Donovan, 22, eased to victory in his lightweight single sculls heat.
O'Donovan is bidding to add a World Championship gold to the Olympic silver medal he won with his brother Gary in Rio.
The West Cork native eased to victory in his lightweight single sculls heat with a dominant display in difficult conditions, having more than five seconds to spare over Japan's Yuki Ikeda in second place.
His quarter-final will take place on Wednesday.
Paul and Gary O'Donovan secured silver in the men's lightweight double sculls in a thrilling finish in Brazil.
Cassells and Scrimgeour won gold in their class at last year's World Championships in France and retained their European men's title for GB in Brandenburg in May.


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Question: Belfast scientists claim to have developed a perfume that smells better the more the wearer sweats.

Researchers from Queen's University have created a liquid which they say releases more of its fragrance when it comes into contact with moisture.
The perfume is made up of a raw fragrance that scientists 'tagged' on to an odourless ionic liquid, which is salt in the form of liquid.
It has been designed by Queen's Ionic Liquid Laboratories (QUILL).
The perfume gives off an aroma when it comes into contact with water, allowing more of the perfume's scent to be released on to a person's skin.
The scientists say the perfume also has the ability to remove the bad odours that come from sweat. Compounds responsible for the smell are attracted to the liquid, attaching themselves to it and losing their potency.
QUILL researchers are working with a perfume development company to identify a number of products that could eventually be sold in shops.
Project leader Nimal Gunaratne said: "Not only does it have great commercial potential, and could be used in perfumes and cosmetic creams, but it could also be used in other areas of science, such as the slow release of certain substances of interest."

There were also breakthroughs in a range of deadly diseases.
A year ago hardly anyone had heard of Zika virus. Now the birth of babies with underdeveloped brains - known as microcephaly - is all too familiar.
The World Health Organization declared the disease, which is spread by mosquitoes, a public health emergency.
The concern was initially centred on Brazil, but the infection has spread to 75 countries and territories.
Huge effort has been put into controlling the mosquito, but there remains no drug or vaccine for the disease.
Zika outbreak: What you need to know
The first baby conceived using a new method to combine material from two women and one man was born in Mexico.
The baby boy has a tiny section of DNA - about 0.1% of the total - from the second woman in order to prevent "mitochondrial disease" being passed from mother to child.
Meanwhile the UK - which pioneered the advanced form of IVF - has given the procedure the go-ahead and 30 babies a year are expected to be born in the country.
First 'three person baby' born using new method
Babies made from three people approved in UK
The transformation in Clara is amazing.
She has cystic fibrosis which leads to her producing really thick mucus that clogs and damages in her lungs.
Only half of patients with the disease make it into their 40s, but a new drug called Orkambi corrects the underlying genetic defect that causes cystic fibrosis.
Clara was on a trial of the drug and says her life has been transformed.
Doctors excited by cystic fibrosis therapy
Sarah sees things that aren't there: "I hallucinated that my body has morphed spiders' legs or rabbit ears, I've seen them there, I've felt them there," she said.
But doctors have discovered that the cause of her disease is a rogue immune system that is attacking a part of her brain.
It's part of the rapidly emerging field of immunopsychiatry - that the immune system causes mental health disorders.
She was treated with drugs to suppress the immune system and even had her blood filtered to remove the "rogue" components.
There are even suggestions the immune system is involved in depression.
BBC Radio 4 documentary: The Inflamed Mind
Some psychosis cases an 'immune disorder'
Depression: A revolution in treatment?
Surgeons say this laser could be "truly transformative" in the treatment of early stage prostate cancer.
Men currently have the choice of letting the cancer grow or risking impotence and incontinence by having surgery to remove a tumour.
Now drug has been made from bacteria that live in near-total darkness and becomes toxic only when exposed to light. Its injected into the prostate. Then ten lasers are inserted into the tumour to activate the drug.
It kills the cancer, while preserving the rest of the prostate and has no side effects in clinical trials.
Prostate cancer laser treatment 'truly transformative'
Prostate awareness 'dangerously low'
One of the most demonised patients in history - Gaetan Dugas - was convincingly cleared of claims he spread HIV to the US by scientists.
Mr Dugas was a homosexual flight attendant and gained legendary status in the history of HIV/Aids when he became known as "Patient Zero".
But a study showed he was just one of thousands of infected people in the 1970s and that New York was a crucial hub for the spread of the virus.
The Air Canada employee was labelled Patient O (the letter, not the number) by the US Centres for Disease Control because he was a case "Out-of-California".
Over time the O became a 0 and the term Patient Zero was born. It is still used to this day to describe the first identified case of an outbreak.
HIV patient zero cleared by science
Scientists say have grown embryos in the laboratory for longer than ever before and have now reached the legal 14-day limit.
It's the first time embryos have been grown past the point they would normally implant in the womb.
The researchers believe studying the embryos will improve fertility treatments and revolutionise knowledge of the earliest stages of human life.
Some scientists have now called for the legal limit to be increased.
Embryo study shows 'life's first steps'
Doctors have used sound waves to successfully operate deep inside the brain with no scalpels in sight.
They treated a man from Cornwall who suffered from uncontrollable tremors in his right hand.
Selwyn Lucas, who is 52, can now hold his hand steady and said he felt "fantastic".
The team at St Mary's hospital in London used focused ultrasound guided by an MRI scanner to destroy tissue causing the tremor.
Doctors use deep-brain ultrasound therapy to treat tremors
The unbelievable phenomenon in 2014 that was the Ice Bucket Challenge actually led to an important scientific discovery.
The viral videos of people pouring ice-cold water over themselves raised $115m (Â£87.7m) for the ALS Association, set up to raise funds for research into a form of motor neurone disease called amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Research funded by the Ice Bucket Challenge uncovered a new gene - called NEK1 - that contributes to the disease.
Scientists claim to have developed an invisible elastic film that can be applied to the skin to reduce the appearance of wrinkles and eye bags.
Scientists say they have made a leap in knowing why some people retain their youthful looks while others age badly - and the answer is in the ginger gene.
Morning flu jabs provoke a stronger immune response than those given in the afternoon.
Human life spans may be limited to a maximum of about 115 years.
Early trial data shows a drug developed using artificial intelligence can slow the growth of cancer in clinical trials.
Custom-made, living body parts have been 3D-printed in a what could be a significant advance for regenerative medicine.


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Question: The Belfast Giants moved to within four points of Elite League leaders Cardiff Devils by beating Edinburgh Capitals 9-6 at the SSE Arena on Friday night.

The victory extended the Giants' winning run to nine games, the hosts having defeated the same opposition 3-0 at the same venue on Thursday.
Belfast led led 2-0 after the first period but extended their lead to a remarkable 8-1 in the second period.
Edinburgh restored some pride by scoring five goals in the third period.
Paralympic champion Bethany Firth was guest of honour at the SSE Arena, performing the ceremonial puck drop before the action got underway.
The Giants got off to a good start, taking the lead in the 13th minute as James Desmarais scored from close range.
The home side doubled their advantage with little over a minute to go in the first period as Chris Higgins finished neatly past Jordan Marr in the Capitals goal for his 15th goal of the season.
The Giants were 4-0 up within three minutes of play restarting, as Blair Riley and Alex Foster added to their side's total.
Taylor MacDougall then pulled one back for the beleaguered visitors but within seconds it was 5-1 as Desmarais grabbed his second score of the night.
Belfast notched up half a dozen with a brave finish from Steve Saviano, diverting home a rebound at full stretch before sliding into the wall behind the goal, an effort from which he thankfully emerged unscathed.
Edinburgh were being carved open by now, Alex Foster getting his second goal of the night and Blair Riley adding an eighth before the second intermission.
The Capitals showed some fight in the third period, in particular the Russian players in their line-up, pulling it back to 8-4 through a couple of goals from Yevgeni Fyodorov, either side of Pavel Vorobaev's score.
Belfast then got a ninth through Matt Towe to kill off any notion of a comeback, before Jared Staal got the visitors' fifth of the night and Michael D'Orazio scored with just over a minute to go.

Shields, 36, quit the Sheffield Steelers earlier this month despite having scored 14 goals for the club this season.
The Scottish native helped the Giants clinch the league title in 2006.
In his second spell in Belfast, Shields was part of two Challenge Cup-winning teams and also helped the club win the play-offs competition.
Shields is likely to be available for Thursday evening's league clash against Braehead at the Odyssey Arena (19:00 GMT).
The Giants go into Thursday's round of fixtures six points behind leaders Nottingham although Belfast have two games in hand on the Panthers.
Nottingham defeated Sheffield in a shoot-out on Wednesday evening and the same teams meet again on Thursday evening.


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Question: Asia is in the grip of a diabetes epidemic.

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In human and financial terms, the burden is huge and it is hitting the poor especially hard.
Often thought of as a disease of the rich, experts say the unabating rise may be fuelled as much by food scarcity and insecurity as it is by excess.
Changing lifestyles, rapid urbanisation and cheap calories in the form of processed foods are putting more and more people at risk of developing Type-2 diabetes.
There are now 382 million people worldwide living with diabetes, according to new figures from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF).
More than half are in Asia and the Western Pacific, where 90-95% of cases are classed as Type-2.
China is leading the world, with the disease now affecting more than 98 million people or about 10% of the population - a dramatic increase from about 1% in 1980.
Prof Juliana Chan of the Chinese University of Hong Kong says there is a complex interplay between genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors, which have been compounded by China's rapid modernisation.
"Diabetes is a disease of paradoxes," she says.
Read more in our in-depth report
"It is typically an ageing disease, but the data shows that the young and middle-aged are most vulnerable. It is prevalent in obese people but emerging data suggests that for lean people with diabetes the outcome can be worse."
The big question is whether China has the capacity to deal with a health problem of such magnitude.
China spent $17bn (Â£10.6bn) on diabetes last year. The disease may consume more than half of China's annual health budget, if all those with the condition get routine, state-funded care, the IDF says.
"Diabetes is a silent killer in a silent population," says Prof Chan.
Men and women, trapped by stigma, poverty and misinformation, often do not seek help for diabetes until it is in its advanced stages.
Kidney failure, cardiovascular disease and blindness are common complications.
Prof Chan says China's leaders need to do a lot in terms of public health policy.
"One of the greatest challenges is that the system is not conducive to preventative care. We need to go out and find those at risk otherwise you miss the critical moment to prevent the disease," she says.
Governments are waking up to the problem, according to Leonor Guariguata, a biostatistician at IDF.
"India and China are uniquely positioned - as they are developing so fast, they have the resources to act fast and reframe their health systems," she says.
India is closely trailing China, with an estimated 65.1 million diabetics.
Kanmani Pandian is 25 years old and expecting her first baby in January.
Two months ago she was diagnosed with gestational diabetes - a disease she had never heard of.
Kanmani was lucky. In Chennai, in the south-eastern state of Tamil Nadu, universal screening is available for pregnant women.
If left unchecked the disease can lead to life-threatening complications, including foetal macrosomia, or excessive birth weight, making the delivery dangerous for both mother and child.
More than 21 million live births were affected by diabetes in 2013. In India, the condition is particularly prevalent.
Dr R M Anjana, a diabetes expert based in Chennai, says gestational diabetes is often not taken seriously "because people think it's a one-time thing or a mild affliction".
The condition disappears after birth, but within five years of pregnancy, 70-80% of women develop Type-2 diabetes, she says.
The infant is also at increased risk of developing the disease in later life.
Across the Western Pacific the disease is taking an unprecedented human and economic toll.
In Fiji, surgeons carry out a diabetes-related amputation every 12 hours on average.
"Before people seek help for foot infections they would have tried traditional medicines and herbs. By the time they come to the clinic the infection is often so advanced they need an amputation," says Dr Wahid Khan, co-founder of the Diabetes Trust of Fiji.
"People don't want to own up to having diabetes. Culturally, it's seen as an illness that leads to early death. If it's known the person has diabetes there is less chance of them getting a job for instance," Dr Khan says.
One in three people in Fiji aged 30 or above has diabetes.
"The writing has been on the wall for a long time," says Dr Khan.
Following the trend across Asia, Fiji's economy, driven by tourism, the sugar industry, gold, copper and fish exports, has produced a rising middle class.
"People would traditionally grow their own crops, catch their own fish, if you wanted to get anywhere you would have to walk. We've become more lazy and less active," says Dr Khan, adding that he also has a gripe with the confectionary and fast food industries.
In Fiji, diabetes could be prevented or delayed in 80% of cases through simple lifestyle changes, says the IDF.
Three diabetes "hubs" were opened earlier this year, and Dr Khan is urging all adult Fijians to get screened.
As part of a "massive campaign" to begin in 2014, Dr Khan says surgeons will be asked to "save rather than cut" when it comes to amputations, which are often seen as preferable to keeping patients in hospital for prolonged periods of time.
"There is no one answer to diabetes," says Dr Khan, "but we are striving for the right path."
Additional reporting by the BBC's Shilpa Kannan in Delhi.

Nigerians call the gargantuan traffic jams of cars, trucks, buses and vans "go-slows".  Trying to get anywhere is often an exercise in patience and perseverance.
But apart from the frustrations of driving here there is the serious health impact of air pollution.
Many vehicles belch out huge dark sulphurous clouds of exhaust emissions - the effects of "dirty fuels".
For the hawkers weaving and bobbing through the traffic selling an assortment of drinks and snacks, it is a toxic environmental to work in.
"Sometimes I feel sick. I don't know what causes it - maybe the fumes or the dust," said one hawker who was selling tissues.
"I have a little cough now. It's disturbing me but I don't think it's serious."
But some relief for the hawker and many others left wheezing in Lagos is at hand.
In a move described as a huge breakthrough by environmental campaigners, Nigeria is now tackling one of its major causes of air pollution.
Last December, Nigeria was among five countries in West Africa that pledged to stop importing dirty fuel used for vehicles but also to power generators.
The announcement followed a hard-hitting report accusing European companies of exploiting weak regulations in West Africa to export fuels with high levels of sulphur.
The World Health Organisation ranks sulphur particles from vehicle engines and generators as one of the top global risks - it is linked to heart disease, lung cancer and respiratory problems.
For decades, Nigeria relied on colonial-era standards, which campaigners say were woefully inadequate for today's needs.
It meant that retailers could export fuel to Nigeria that had 300 times the amount of sulphur of that which was legally allowed to be sold in Europe.
Now "dirty fuels" will be banned in July when the government starts enforcing tough new regulations - roughly in line with European standards.
The government is currently giving importers a six-month grace period to comply with the new regulations.
"The ban will send a strong signal to the importers that the government means business," says David Ugolor, Executive Director of Africa Network for Environment and Economic Justice.
"What's missing in Nigeria governance is trust. If the government wants to regain trust of the people it will need to keep on championing this kind of regulation."
Despite being a major oil producer, Nigeria imports most of its fuel.
But the government says that new refineries being built in Nigeria will also help alleviate the problem by producing cleaner fuel.
Dr Olatomi Bamigboje, pediatrician and respiratory specialist:
"Unless we tackle pollution, we're looking at an epidemic of respiratory problems, an epidemic of cardiovascular problems and an epidemic of chronic lung diseases."
In pictures: Nigeria's 'city of soot'
Health experts welcome the move but say even with the ban a lot more needs to be done to avert a crisis.
"Urbanisation, industrialisation - all this contributes to air pollution," says Dr Olatomi Bamigboje, a pediatrician and respiratory specialist.  "As the pollution gets worse, the likelihood is more people will get sick."
In the last decade she's seen a doubling of the number of children suffering from asthma.
"Unless we tackle pollution, we're looking at an epidemic of respiratory problems, an epidemic of cardiovascular problems and an epidemic of chronic lung diseases, which we may not be able to handle with the present health system we have.
The big attraction of "dirty fuels" is they are cheap and the new regulations are likely to mean a hike in prices at the pumps.
But if this ban is successful it will go a long to cleaning up Nigeria's air - and that will save a lot more than money.


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Question: There were contributions from Brad Pitt and Steve Jobs, but Robert Rowan's presentation to the Scottish Football Association's annual convention would have made its impact without them.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

He was invited to Hampden to provide an insight into his work at Brentford and the club's decision to close its academy and implement a B-team model.
Rowan, who previously worked for Stenhousemuir, Celtic and the SFA before moving south, is Brentford's head of football operations and he delivered a stark reminder of the difficult choices facing clubs.
After reviewing their academy, Brentford decided the probability of producing first-team players and fighting off other higher profile clubs was too big a risk for an investment of millions of pounds per year.
The context of his presentation made the content more relevant. The SFA is conducting a performance review, with the working group drawing up a list of potential proposals to be implemented by the incoming performance director.
They include reducing the number of fully-funded elite academies in Scotland - to focus resources on the very best players in the country - and encouraging development pathways for academy graduates to spend time on loan at lower league clubs, who would no longer run their own academies, for first-team experience.
Brentford are owned by Matthew Benham, whose Smartodds company provides statistical analysis that underpins the model at Brentford and his other club, FC Midtjylland in Denmark, so there has always been a focus on eschewing the traditional for innovative thinking.
The video clip of Pitt was from the film Moneyball, about statistical analysis in baseball - although Rowan reiterated that Brentford only use statistics as a tool during the decision-making process rather than to ultimately make the decisions.
The Jobs clip was about Apple's decision to focus their concentration on a small range of innovative developments rather than trying to do everything.
"It's maximising your resources on as little an amount of people as possible," Rowan said.
"A lot of football clubs have a hierarchy of first team and academy. I disagree with that and believe that, like in business, to maximise the potential in your assets you need to give them the best resources.
"We sign players on two or three-year contracts in that elite age group, from 17 to 21, where there aren't so many variables or influential factors.
"We're looking at players who have fallen out the system from Chelsea, Arsenal, Tottenham, Manchester United, Man City, because it's inevitable they will make a few mistakes, that's the difficulty of recruitment - it's very hard to predict development."
Brentford calculated they would gain an advantage by closing their academy and signing players who don't make it through the academies at elite clubs, but have the ability to progress.
The current B-team squad also has youth internationals from Denmark and Greece aiming to break through.
For the Scottish game, there are interesting considerations, not least because some clubs may have to decide about the worth of maintaining their academy if it is no longer among the elite group - most likely to be no more than 16 - or if running a development set-up and taking or borrowing players from other academies may be a better scenario.
"With this new club academy concept, [I would say to Scottish clubs] not to think that if you're not defined as elite that life is over with developing players, you need to think differently," Rowan said.
"It's ridiculous the amount of academies in this country. Germany have double the amount but have nearly 16 times the population of Scotland.
"You shouldn't always be scripted by a governing body. If you want to be a successful business or football club, you need to build it your own way, after considering what is sustainable, worthwhile and achievable within your environment.
"People might say you're not fulfilling your commitment to your community, but academies are elitist. They're like private schools, where the best kids gets in.
"Brentford's stadium is on the street alongside houses. That's our community, not the kids who travel two hours to train with the academy.
"Invest more in your community programmes, like walking football, that keep people fit and active.
"Our community department incorporate football for all, regardless of race, weight, size, background, age. Our responsibility now is to improve the connection with the elite part of the club."
Brentford's B-team has played under-23 teams from Chelsea, Liverpool and Manchester United, and the B teams of Bayern Munich and Valencia. They will also face Rangers in January.
The idea is to push the players in their development and prepare them for first-team football. They have played in front of attendances of 1,000 at home games, and the experience is designed to mimic, as much as possible, the conditions faced by first-team players.
There is also a "non-negotiable" pathway to the first-team, with a certain number of B-team players having to train with the first-team, and be involved with the match-day squad. The aim is to promote at least one player to the first team by the end of the season.
"A few clubs have asked us about it, one in Scotland," Rowan said. "You get people who are sceptical and people who think it's innovative and brave."

It delves into grassroots football, social media and fan ownership. It looks back at what was and looks forward at what might be.
It examines the rise, and prejudices, faced by women's football and the fantastic irony of, in a male-dominated landscape, Scotland's women's team being closer now to reaching a major championship than their male equivalents.
For a nation that produced so many world-class players down the years, Scotland is now down to just one - and it's a woman, the brilliant Kim Little.
Episode four begins with Paul Lambert in Dortmund and how apt that is, given the events in Barcelona on Tuesday night.
In 1997, Scot Lambert was a Borussia Dortmund player under Ottmar Hitzfeld. He won a Champions League medal after beating Manchester United, home and away, in the semi-final and then overcoming Juventus 3-1 in the final. His job that night was to neutralise Zinedine Zidane - and he was magnificent.
Listening to Lambert makes you wonder when a Scot will elevate himself to a similar position - the cutting edge of the European game, going toe-to-toe with one of the sport's greatest talents and beating him in the biggest final in club football.
The story moves on to Martin O'Neill's Celtic and their thrilling ride in the Uefa Cup of 2002-03. Times have changed so profoundly since then. It's like looking back into another world when a Scottish team travelled more in expectation than hope.
Celtic lost a European final, 3-2 in extra-time, to Jose Mourinho's Porto, a side that would win the Champions League the following year, and O'Neill remains a ball of angst about it.
On Tuesday, Celtic lost a Champions League group game 7-0 to Barca. In the new world of football, where Barcelona can construct arguably the greatest attack in the history of the game and pay them a combined salary of 700,000 euros per week, the new Celtic manager, Brendan Rodgers, had to rationalise it. He had no option.
There was no rationalisation in 2003. Celtic were good enough, and wealthy enough, to compete. Everything is different now.
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The chances are that the next time Scotland qualifies for a major championship it will be the women who take them there. And yet the women's game gets short shrift from the media and the public.
Scotland's Game has a section on what it was like for women footballers in war time. When the men were away, the girls were allowed to play. When the men came home, normal footballing service resumed.
Women were banned from playing matches at men's clubs. Incredibly, the ban remained in place until the early 1970s.
There has been advancement from those sexist days, but sexism remains a factor. That's why the appointment of Shelley Kerr as manager of Lowland League side, Stirling University, in 2013 created such headlines. Kerr speaks with authority; she's broken through, but she does not see a cavalry of women coaches on the horizon.
Ann Budge's arrival as owner at Hearts - and chief executive Leeann Dempster's progression from Motherwell to Hibernian - is something that would not have seemed possible 30 years ago.
Had you said at the conclusion of 'Only A Game', the documentary covering Scottish football's narrative up to 1986, that two women would be calling the shots at two of Scotland's biggest clubs there would have been hilarity and uproar.
And yet there they are. Budge continues to hold a mirror up to the Scottish game, asking people to make sense of some of the things that go on. Budge and Dempster are now on the board of the Scottish Professional Football League. Many bad things have happened in this 30-year journey, but that's some of the very best things.
The passage of time has seen the rise and fall of the fanzine culture, supporters now finding a voice in the digital world where once it was all pen and paper. Social media has changed the game, but has the game changed with it?
John Collins speaks about his time as Hibs manager and that glorious League Cup final day in 2007 when his winning side were serenaded by their supporters singing the Proclaimers' 'Sunshine on Leith'. That scene has lost none of its power to stir the blood. For Collins, there was added poignancy. He had lost his father only a few months before the final.
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Having learned a new philosophy in his two years as a player with Monaco in France, Collins proposed change at Hibs. New ways of training, new diets, new thoughts about sports science, a whole new picture. It caused problems and he left.
At the conclusion of Scotland's Game he's still talking about change and how people are scared of it. "People don't like being outside their comfort zone," he says.
Most people will accept that change needs to happen in Scottish football, but we talk and talk and nothing gets done. Blueprints, commissions, master plans. Summer football, winter breaks, fewer professional teams and bigger top leagues. We go round in circles.
There is a battle to be won for the future of Scotland's game, but one has to wonder who, precisely, is fighting it. Too many in power seem happiest when fighting each other rather than fighting together.
Never, at any point in its history, has Scottish football been more in need of true leaders.
The fourth episode of Scotland's Game airs on BBC One Scotland on Thursday 15 September at 21:00 BST and will be available to view via the iPlayer after broadcast.


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Question: Gift Horse, a skeletal sculpture which displays a live feed from the London Stock Exchange, has been unveiled in Trafalgar Square.

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The equine bronze, by German artist Hans Haacke, is the tenth artwork to occupy the Square's Fourth Plinth.
London mayor Boris Johnson described the work as "a startlingly original comment on the relationship between art and commerce".
It replaces a giant blue cockerel which was on display for 18 months.
The riderless horse - with an electronic ticker of share prices, displayed on a bow around one of its front legs - is a wry reference to an equestrian statue of William IV originally planned for the plinth, but which never came to fruition due to a lack of funds.
Haacke, 78, who is based in New York, was inspired by an engraving in The Anatomy of the Horse (1766) by English painter George Stubbs, whose works are on display in the National Gallery, on Trafalgar Square.
At Thursday's unveiling, Haacke was reluctant to explain what his sculpture was trying to say.
"It is an invitation to make connections," he told the BBC, "but I would not like to give directions. I'm sure there will be a diversity of responses. That is not only true for this but any kind of art."
Boris Johnson said: "There will be those that say this undeniably unfed, emaciated quadruped is a warning, a memento mori, a symbol of the pursuit of austerity and the [Chancellor of the Exchequer] George Osborne diet approach to life.
"But I say no, my friends. This wonderful sculpture stands for the horse in all its incarnations... in these fabulous tubular structures we see symbolised the vital infrastructure - the tube - that must run beneath the surface of any great and beautiful city."
Gift Horse drew positive, if slightly bemused, comments from tourists.
One of the first people to see it was Tim Wright from Lancashire, who told the BBC: "I find it pleasing to look at but I've not a clue what it's trying to say."
"It's wonderful to see something unusual," said Georgia Bartlett, on a day trip from Poole in Dorset. "What's it saying? I just don't know. But it's a beautiful sculpture against the skyline."
Booker Prize-winning author Howard Jacobson, who was walking through Trafalgar Square as it was unveiled, said: "I'm very pleased the blue cockerel is gone - I enjoyed that joke for a weekend.
"I really like this. This is what the Stock Exchange has done to the body of the horse. It's a good conceit - I'm for it. But I might have changed my mind by the end of the weekend."
Mark Wallinger's figure Ecce Homo was the first piece to stand on the empty plinth - in the northwest corner of the square - in 1999.
Other works include Alison Lapper Pregnant by Marc Quinn (2005), Nelson's Ship in a Bottle by Yinka Shonibare (2010) and Elmgreen and Dragset's Powerless Structures, Fig 101 - a sculpture of a boy astride his rocking horse.
The next sculpture on the plinth - to be unveiled in 2016 - is British artist David Shrigley's bronze artwork Really Good. It consists of a hand with a disproportionately long thumb.

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From Sydney and Los Angeles to Hong Kong, artist Joshua Smith's small models depict the buildings of big cities. Everything in them is reduced to scale, down to worn posters and discarded cigarette stubs.
This model is based on a building found on Willow Street, in the Tenderloin neighbourhood of San Francisco.
This shipping container was originally located in Haymarket in Sydney, before Smith shrunk it down to size.
This building is also based on one found in Sydney's Chinatown, and contains LED lights to keep it illuminated at night. Smith has even recreated the bin bags left on the street.
Smith's work features in New Realities, a group show that runs until 25 March 2017 at the Muriel Guepin Gallery in New York.


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Question: Images courtesy of AFP, EPA, Getty Images and Reuters

A selection of the best photos from across Africa and of Africans elsewhere in the world this week.

Note: Medals per capita have been calculated using country populations from the UN Population Division, 2010 revision. Olympic Park visitor numbers are up to 9 August. Source: Locog, Guinness World Records, Dangerous Decibels Project, Action on Hearing Loss, UK Health and Safety Executive, UN Population Division, news agencies, BBC correspondents. Pictures: Getty, Reuters, AP, AFP.
Produced by Lucy Rodgers, Claire Shannon, Nour Saab, Luke Ward and Marina Shchukina


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Question: Chinese authorities are investigating a Canadian couple suspected of stealing state secrets about national defence and the military, state media say.

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Xinhua news agency named the suspects as Kevin and Julia Garratt. The couple run a coffee shop in Dandong just across the border from North Korea.
Xinhua said Dandong's State Security Bureau was investigating the case.
But the couple's son Simeon told the BBC the charges were "absurd" and made "absolutely no sense".
The couple taught in southern China for several years and then moved to Dandong, where they opened Peter's Coffee House.
Dandong is the main China-North Korea border crossing and trade link.
The Xinhua report did not say whether the couple had been detained.
Simeon Garratt, 27, told the BBC's Celia Hatton in Beijing that his parents had been uncontactable since Monday night.
"They were going to dinner with a couple of friends, and sometime between dinner and later that night, their phones were turned off and no one has really heard from them (since)," he said.
Mr Garratt called the charges "a joke", adding: "I thought it was absurd. It makes absolutely no sense."
He said his parents are "pretty regular people (who) don't have any ties to military or even governments or even anything like that".
Besides running the cafe, the couple regularly held community events for people to practise their English and helped people to get in touch with North Korea tour organisers, said Mr Garratt.
"Because they have been into North Korea a number of times, they just know the ropes and they're willing to help some friends who are going into North Korea," he said.
His parents speak both English and Mandarin and have developed a relationship with tour organisers.
"That's pretty much the extent of it. There's no business they operate that sends people into North Korea or anything like that," said Mr Garratt, who is a real estate agent living in Vancouver.
What qualifies as a "state secret" in China? The answer to that is a secret too.
The Chinese government's "state secrets" law is notoriously vague. Trials involving state secrets are conducted behind closed doors.
In most cases, Chinese citizens are accused of leaking state secrets to outsiders. It is extremely rare for foreigners to be accused of stealing and trafficking such sensitive information.
In 2009, an American geologist was also convicted of trading in state secrets after he attempted to purchase information about the Chinese oil industry.
One year later, an Australian was sentenced to 10 years in prison for stealing classified corporate information on behalf of the Australian mining firm, Rio Tinto.
The Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs says the Canadians, Kevin and Julia Garratt, "are suspected of collecting and stealing intelligenceâ€¦ related to Chinese military targets and important Chinese national defence science research programs."
The Garratts ran a popular coffee shop near the North Korean border and had strong ties within the Christian missionary community. However, those activities are not illegal.
It will be difficult for those who knew the couple best to defend their relatives without understanding the sensitive information they're suspected of stealing.
Canada's embassy in Beijing told Reuters news agency it was aware of the reports and stood "ready to provide assistance as required".
Late last month, Canada announced that a top government research organisation had been struck by Chinese "state-sponsored" hackers.
The Chinese embassy in Ottawa dismissed the report as a "groundless allegation".

China has not given details, but Japanese media reports said the men had been held since May, one in northern Liaoning province, the other in coastal Zhejiang province.
Speaking at a regular press briefing, Japan's top government spokesman denied Tokyo spies on foreign countries.
"Our country is not engaged in such activity," Yoshihide Suga said.
The chief cabinet secretary also declined to comment on reports about the ages and other personal details of the men.
"I'm not going to comment on individual cases," he said.
China's Foreign Ministry spokesman Hong Lei confirmed the detentions, and said China had "notified Japan on the relevant situation".
The reports, which first appeared in the Asahi newspaper (in Japanese), said one suspect was detained close to a military facility and the other near the North Korean border.
Along with a crackdown on corruption and political opposition, Chinese President Xi Jinping has taken a tough line on national security, creating a new national security commission and strengthening a counter-espionage law.
Reports of the Japanese detentions come not long after news emerged that an American woman, Sandy Phan-Gillis, had been held in China since March, also accused of spying.
Mrs Phan-Gillis was accompanying a US trade promotion trip to the country when she was arrested.
In 2010, four Japanese men were detained in the northern province of Hebei for filming in a military area, during preparations for a bid by Japanese company Fujita to dispose of chemical weapons left in China by Japanese troops in the 1930s.
They admitted the filming but denied they knew they were in a restricted area, and were later released.
While those arrests came at a time of escalating tension between the two neighbours, the latest detentions come amid a relative warming of relations, with Prime Minister Shinzo Abe meeting President Xi twice since November.


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Question: Acting Labour leader Harriet Harman is facing a revolt after ordering the party's MPs not to vote against the government's welfare bill.

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Scores of Labour MPs are expected to defy an instruction to abstain on the bill, which includes plans to limit child tax credit to two children.
One MP, John McDonnell, said he would "swim through vomit" to oppose it.
Work Secretary Iain Duncan Smith said Labour was beset by "private arguments and internal fear and loathing".
A series of votes on the Welfare Reform and Work Bill in the next half hour is expected to expose Labour divisions over how to respond to benefit changes announced by the government in the Budget.
The Labour leadership originally said it would not oppose restrictions to in-work benefits, including curbs on child and working tax credits, part of £12bn worth of cuts sought by ministers by 2020.
But many in the Labour Party objected, with leadership candidates Andy Burnham, Yvette Cooper and Jeremy Corbyn among those to criticise the plan. Only the fourth candidate, Liz Kendall, supported the move.
Ms Harman tried to quell the revolt by tabling an amendment to the Welfare Reform and Work Bill setting out measures Labour backs and those it would change.
It offers support for the cutting household welfare cap to £20,000 a year (£23,000 in London), and moving mortgage support from grants to loans.
But it opposes the abolition of child poverty targets and changes to Employment and Support Allowance, paid to people who cannot work because of illness or disability. It makes no mention of the child tax credit change.
Ms Harman said if the amendment was rejected, Labour MPs would be expected to abstain in a subsequent vote on the general principles of the bill, leaving the way clear for it to be passed at Second Reading.
Leadership contenders Andy Burnham and Liz Kendall are expected to follow Ms Harman's lead but her approach has infuriated a large number of Labour MPs.
More than 60 signed a rival amendment tabled by MP Helen Goodman opposing all the changes but that amendment was not called for a vote by Commons Speaker John Bercow.
Shadow employment minister Stephen Timms said the party would fight "tooth and nail" to oppose those parts of the bill it disagreed with but added that there were things it could support and urged colleagues to remain "united" in Monday's votes.
Speaking as Monday's debate got under way, Mr Duncan Smith said Labour were on the wrong side of public opinion on the issue.
"The bill will ensure the right support and incentives are in place so people are always better off in work rather than trapped on welfare," he said.
"Yes, there are difficult decisions here, but what would be wrong would be to turn a blind eye, as the opposition did for so many years, and not face up to these difficulties.
"The bill puts work first and puts welfare spending on a more sustainable footing for the future while, at the same time, protecting the vulnerable and those most in need."
Writing in the Guardian earlier, Chancellor George Osborne said the benefit changes were in line with the views of most Labour voters and were a continuation of policies pursued by former Labour ministers.
The SNP, the Liberal Democrats and the Green Party have all said they will oppose the bill.
In his first Commons speech since becoming Lib Dem leader, Tim Farron said 500,000 people would see their Employment and Support Allowance cut by a third, a move which he said "demonised people with disabilities and mental health conditions".
"It will trap people on welfare, it will not liberate them," he said. "Labelling this bill progressive does not make it progressive".
SNP spokeswoman Hannah Bardell said the party had a mandate from the Scottish people to oppose "cruel" austerity measures.
"SNP MPs wish to work with a progressive alliance across the UK against the Tories' plans to make millions of families poorer," she said.  "It is not enough for Labour simply to abstain on the welfare reform bill - they must join us in voting against it."
However, with the government having a majority of 12 in the Commons, the bill is still expected to pass its first parliamentary hurdle.

Mr Pritchard has quit as the deputy chairman of the Conservative Party International Office, which promote democracy in developing countries.
A party spokesman said Mr Pritchard was "well known for his forthright views".
The MP has clashed with the party leadership on several occasions.
In a letter sent to the prime minister, Mr Pritchard said he had concerns over "an increasing number of government policies, not least on immigration, Europe, and a lack of clarity for national and individual aspiration".
Mr Pritchard, the MP for The Wrekin, in Shropshire, was first elected to parliament in 2005.
David Cameron appointed him to the chairmanship of the Conservative Party International Office in 2010.
It promotes democracy in emerging countries and aims to train and advise sister organisations in countries attempting to establish democratic institutions.
Mr Pritchard has criticised the coalition government on several occasions.
Last June he defied ministers to propose a Commons motion calling for a ban on wild animals in circuses. This was backed by MPs and last week the government announced it would move to outlaw the practice as soon as possible.
Mr Pritchard claimed ministers had "threatened" him not to campaign for a change in the law.
Last September, he urged the government to hold a referendum on the UK's continuing membership of the European Union, arguing that backbench Conservative MPs no longer wanted to be "taken for granted".
The next month he voted against the government on the issue.


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Question: Liverpool midfielder Philippe Coutinho has submitted a transfer request, hours after the Premier League club released a statement saying he is not for sale.

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Coutinho stated his desire to leave via email. The club rejected the request.
On Wednesday, the Reds rejected a 100 million euros bid (£90m) from Barcelona for the 25-year-old, who is out of Saturday's trip to Watford with injury.
In a statement on Friday, the club's owners said its "definitive stance" was that "no offers will be considered".
Speaking at an earlier news conference previewing the league match at Vicarage Road (12:30 BST kick-off), Liverpool boss Jurgen Klopp said the Brazilian would miss the season opener because of a back problem.
Klopp said he was also a doubt for Tuesday's Champions League play-off first leg at Hoffenheim as he had "not been in training since last Friday".
Coutinho, who scored 14 goals in all competitions last season, signed a new five-year deal in January that did not include a release clause. He joined Liverpool from Inter Milan for £8.5m in 2013.
Barcelona have also had a bid rejected for Borussia Dortmund's 20-year-old forward Ousmane Dembele since they sold Brazil forward Neymar to Paris St-Germain for a world record £200m last week.
The German club confirmed they met Barca representatives but the offer did not meet their valuation of the France international.
BBC Sport's Simon Stone
Less than three weeks before the end of the transfer window, Liverpool now find themselves in a very tricky position. The club are adamant they will not sell - but what about the player?
As I understand it, Coutinho does not want to fall out with Liverpool, or their fans, and spoil what has been an enjoyable four-and-a-half years at Anfield.
However, the brutal truth is Barcelona are currently a more successful club.
Almost as important is the fact that they, and Real Madrid, hold an attraction for most South American players that is difficult to resist, as Liverpool experienced with Luis Suarez.
Little wonder Coutinho is desperate to make the move.
BBC Radio 5 live's Ian Dennis
Liverpool's stance remains the same but this is significant with a change of attitude from the player.
Previously it seemed Coutinho was content to take an amicable approach. However, his request submitted via email is designed to try and force the issue.
The club are adamant that no offers will be considered but what are the repercussions regarding the relationship with Coutinho and the fans now?
Liverpool are resolute he's not for sale and are in a position of strength because he's under contract until 2022.

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The forward, 20, does not want to go on the forthcoming trip to the Far East after Liverpool rejected a £40m bid from Manchester City for him.
The England international missed training on Wednesday through illness.
"He's starting to get a reputation that could be hard to rid himself of in the future," said Carragher.
"Are Man City fans looking at the situation and thinking this could be us in a few years?"
Liverpool travel to Bangkok on Sunday then fly on to Australia and Malaysia.
Through his request, Sterling - who returned to pre-season training on Monday - has once again made it clear to manager Brendan Rodgers that he wants to leave.
He has expressed his desire not to go on the tour in the hope of making a smoother exit from Anfield after an increasingly acrimonious saga in which he has turned down a contract offer of about £100,000 a week.
Manchester City have had two offers for him turned down, but are now expected to return with a third bid nearer Liverpool's £50m valuation.
Whether it comes soon enough to avoid the latest twist in what has become a very public breakdown in the relationship between club and player remains to be seen.
"I think this situation will only make Liverpool more determined to get the fee they feel Raheem is worth, rather than caving in to Raheem's and Man City's wishes," added Carragher.
Liverpool have refused to comment on claims Sterling will refuse to travel, but are expected to demand that every player who is fit and available for selection join up on Sunday.
Meanwhile, Spanish defender Javier Manquillo has returned to Atletico Madrid after his two-year loan at Anfield was terminated early by mutual consent.
Atletico said the 21-year-old has been recalled because he "has not had all the minutes he and our club consider necessary" for his development.
Manquillo made 19 appearances for the Reds last season but did not play for the club after a 1-0 defeat by Besiktas in the Europa League in February.


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Question: A woman cleared of murdering her friend's boyfriend has said the director of public prosecutions Alison Saunders must rethink her position for having ordered her retrial.

Stacey Hyde had spent five years in prison for stabbing Vincent Francis in 2009 when her murder conviction was quashed by the Court of Appeal in 2014.
Ms Saunders then ordered a retrial for murder, in which Ms Hyde was acquitted.
The Crown Prosecution Service said it "respected the jury's decision".
The jury in the retrial accepted that Ms Hyde had killed Mr Francis in September 2009 in self-defence and in fear for her life.
Ms Hyde was first convicted of murder in 2010 at Bristol Crown Court, and given a life sentence with a minimum term of nine years.
Ms Hyde, 23, from Wells in Somerset, told the Victoria Derbyshire programme that Ms Saunders' decision to order a retrial for murder in November 2014 had made her "lose faith" in the justice system.
Ms Saunders had rejected the offer from Ms Hyde's lawyers of a guilty plea for manslaughter.
Ms Hyde said she would have "given up" had it not been for the support of her family, and friends in prison.
She said her original trial was "brutal and humiliating" and she had not wanted to go through a similar experience again.
"I thought, 'I can't do another trial for someone to turn round and give me murder again because I didn't have faith in the justice system'," she said.
The retrial took place at Winchester Crown Court in May 2015, during which her defence argued she had suffered from emerging borderline personality disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which can lead to a failure of impulse control.
She was acquitted unanimously by the jury who heard she had acted in self-defence.
In a statement, the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) defended its decision to order a retrial: "The evidence was reconsidered by the CPS and a decision was made that under the code for Crown Prosecutors a prosecution for murder was still appropriate.
"The matter was once more tried before a jury who has acquitted Ms Hyde of the offence. We respect the jury's decision in this case," it added.
Ms Hyde said the acquittal had given her a "second chance at life", and defended the jury's judgement that the killing of Mr Francis was made out of self-defence, given that she had stabbed him 17 times.
"It is self-defence because he strangled me, beat me, came at me with a knife. He threw me against walls, pulled out my hair. I imagine that's all I could have done," she said.
"It was from a struggle, which people don't realise. I [was] crying for help."
But, she added, she has found it difficult to come to terms with the killing of Mr Francis.
"It's the worst feeling in the world, it stays with you every single day... There was a very long time when I wished I'd just let him kill me.
"I pray for [the family] and I pray for Vince [Mr Francis]. I pray that he forgives me and I tell him that I forgive him," she said.
Watch  Victoria Derbyshire on weekdays from 09:15-11:00 BST on BBC Two and BBC News Channel. Follow the programme on Facebook and Twitter, and find all our content online.

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Ryan Sabey, 35, was accused over payments to Paul Brunt, 33, while working at the now-closed Sunday paper.
Mr Sabey was found guilty of aiding and abetting misconduct in a public office.
But the Lord Chief Justice quashed the conviction on the grounds that the jury was misdirected by the trial judge.
And Lord Thomas also confirmed there would be no retrial.
Director of Public Prosecutions Alison Saunders had already said she would not pursue the case.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: BBC Sport's football expert Mark Lawrenson is pitting his wits against a different guest each week this season.

Lawro's opponent for this weekend's Premier League fixtures is actor Adrian Dunbar, who plays Superintendent Ted Hastings in BBC drama Line of Duty.
Dunbar is an Arsenal fan who was a long-term season-ticket holder at Highbury and the Emirates Stadium when he lived in nearby Crouch End.
He is optimistic about the Gunners' chances of beating Chelsea in next month's FA Cup final.
"At the end of a very difficult season for everyone, there is a bit of light at the end of the tunnel," Dunbar told BBC Sport.
"I think we will be much happier playing Chelsea in the final than we would have been playing Tottenham - Spurs are ultimately a better side than Chelsea at the moment.
"So I think we've got a chance. Actually, while we've got Alexis Sanchez, we've always got a chance.
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Dunbar says his character in Line of Duty was based on a couple of football managers, but Arsenal boss Arsene Wenger is not one of them.
"There are a whole lot of great managers that came out of the west of Scotland - Bill Shankly, Jock Stein and Sir Alex Ferguson," he explained.
"They had great man-management skill, there is no question about it - they were able to handle people.
"Hastings had to have the same skills, where he can get the best out of everybody. I am from not far away myself so I have kind of mined that quality for him a little bit."
So, does Hastings need to go into the Arsenal dressing room to try to get more out of their players?
"No, I think you would be wrong to think Wenger cannot drum our players up," Dunbar said. "I think he did it big time in Sunday's FA Cup semi-final.
"I wouldn't mind going in though, every now and again, giving them a wake-up call."
A correct result (picking a win, draw or defeat) is worth 10 points. The exact score earns 40 points.
You can make your Premier League predictions now and compare them with those of Lawro and other fans by playing the BBC Sport Predictor game.
All kick-offs 15:00 BST unless otherwise stated.
Southampton v Hull City
Southampton actually played quite well against Chelsea on Tuesday, but got hit for four in the end.
As good as Hull have been at home since Marco Silva took charge in January, they still cannot win away.
The Tigers have drawn one and lost eight out of nine matches on the road in all competitions in that time, and I don't see them improving on that record here.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Adrian's prediction: 2-1
Stoke City v West Ham
I'm not sure what has happened to Stoke, who have lost five of their past six matches, but I am sure their manager Mark Hughes will turn it around.
The Potters did not manage their first league win until mid-October and have had quite an up and down season, but I actually think they will finish the campaign strongly.
Five points from their past three matches have taken West Ham clear of the relegation dog-fight, but I still don't see them going to Stoke and winning.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Adrian's prediction: 1-1
Sunderland v Bournemouth
Sunderland are doomed. They could go down this weekend if results go against them, but it is just a matter of time until their relegation is confirmed.
The question now is 'what happens next?' and a lot of that will be down to the club's owner Ellis Short.
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As for Saturday, well Sunderland have not won at home since 17 December, and I cannot see that run ending against Bournemouth.
The Cherries are all but safe after hammering Middlesbrough last time out, and I don't think it will be long until they are mathematically sure of staying up.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Adrian's prediction: 0-1
West Brom v Leicester
West Brom have lost their past three matches and their season is in danger of petering out, which is a shame because they have spent so much of it in the top half of the table.
The Baggies are at home, and have not played since 16 April, while Leicester were in action against Arsenal on Wednesday night.
I think that will make a difference, although I could not really tell you where the Baggies' goals are going to come from.
Foxes boss Craig Shakespeare says his side are not safe yet, but I think they will be fine because the teams below them are not winning regularly enough to over-take them.
If Leicester do need to win one of their remaining games to make sure of staying up, then I think they will do it.
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
Adrian's prediction: 1-1
Crystal Palace v Burnley (17:30 BST)
It looked like Crystal Palace were going to edge closer to safety on Wednesday night, because their game with Tottenham had 0-0 written all over it until Christian Eriksen scored Spurs' winner.
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The Eagles are running out of centre-halves after losing Mamadou Sakho to injury but, at the other end, they always pose problems.
Burnley were brushed aside by Manchester United last time out and it might take a little while longer before they banish their relegation fears.
Lawro's prediction: 2-1
Adrian's prediction: 3-1
Man Utd v Swansea (12:00 BST)
Swansea need a win but, although they have beaten Manchester United home or away in each of the past three seasons, I don't see them doing it again on Sunday.
I don't think United will be affected by their upcoming trip to Celta Vigo for the first leg of their Europa League semi-final on Thursday.
But Jose Mourinho's side have trips to Tottenham and Arsenal either side of the return on 11 May, and that run of games could define his first season at Old Trafford.
By the end of it we will probably have an idea of which competition offers them the best route into next season's Champions League, but for now they are still trying to ring-fence a top-four finish.
Lawro's prediction: 2-0
Adrian's prediction: 3-0
Everton v Chelsea (14:05 BST)
Everton are on a phenomenal run of form at Goodison Park, where they have won their past eight league games and scored 29 goals.
But if anyone is going to stop them, it is the league leaders.
Chelsea are within touching distance of the title now, and I think they will go there and do a job, and expose any weakness or tiredness that Everton have.
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Adrian's prediction: 1-1
Middlesbrough v Man City (14:05 BST)
Middlesbrough ended an 16-game winless run in the league by beating Sunderland on Wednesday but they remain in deep trouble.
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Boro are in a situation now where a draw is not good enough for them, regardless of the opposition.
They are more ambitious going forward under Steve Agnew than they were when Aitor Karanka was in charge but they still don't have the players to hurt teams.
Manchester City do, and they will go to the Riverside Stadium and attack Middlesbrough. I think they will find a way through.
Lawro's prediction: 0-2
Adrian's prediction: 0-2
Tottenham v Arsenal (16:30 BST)
Tottenham found a way to beat Crystal Palace on Wednesday night despite not playing particularly well, and that was a great result for them.
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Spurs have now won eight league games on the spin but I just have a feeling that Arsenal will put a spanner in the works of their bid to catch Chelsea.
The Gunners' winning run in all competitions is much shorter, at three matches, but it included Sunday's FA Cup semi-final.
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Arsene Wenger's side will be full of confidence and have got a bit of momentum too. This is a game that I don't see them losing.
Lawro's prediction: 1-1
Adrian's prediction: This is going to be very difficult for Arsenal - Spurs are probably the best team in England at the moment. I would be happy with a draw but who knows? It is a one-off game and anything can happen. 2-2
Watford v Liverpool (20:00 BST)
Liverpool got battered 3-0 when they went to Vicarage Road last season, after conceding two goals in the first 15 minutes.
I just don't see that happening on Monday, especially if Watford play like they did when they lost 2-0 at 10-man Hull last time out.
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The Hornets are back at home, but this still looks like a winnable fixture for Liverpool - although I thought the same about their last game against Crystal Palace.
Lawro's prediction: 1-2
Adrian's prediction: 1-2
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Lawro's best score: 140 points (week 22 v James McAvoy)
Lawro's worst score: 30 points (week four v Dave Bautista)
From last weekend's Premier League matches, Lawro got three correct results, with no perfect scores, from the six matches, for a total of 30 points.
He beat Radio 1Xtra DJ Trevor Nelson, who got two correct results to score 20 points, but lost out to fellow MOTD pundit Jermaine Jenas, who got three correct results, including one perfect score, for a tally of 60 points.
In the FA Cup semi-finals, Nelson fared the best, correctly predicting that Chelsea would beat Spurs in normal time, while Lawro thought the Blues would win via penalties. Nobody picked Arsenal to win the other tie.
Lawro made the following predictions for the midweek Premier League games, but he did not have an opponent for all the games so not all the scores count towards his season totals.

Lawro picked the winner in two of the four quarter-finals and six of the eight last-16 ties.
He enjoyed a 42% success rate in the group stage, correctly guessing the outcome of 15 of the 36 games.
The only group he failed to get a single result in was Group F, which saw Hungary and Iceland spring a surprise by finishing first and second.
Before the tournament Lawro chose 11 of the 16 teams that went through to the first knockout stage, including France, his pick to win the tournament on 10 July.
Along with more than 375,000 of you, Lawro is taking part in the new BBC Sport Predictor game. He is going head-to-head with pundits, presenters and commentators from across BBC Sport. He's doing well, though he's not top as things stand:
You can make your own predictions and take on your friends and other fans using the BBC's Euros Predictor.
Lawro was speaking to BBC Sport's Chris Bevan.
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 1-1 (Wales to win on penalties)
Match report and highlights
Lawro's prediction: 0-2


Question: Represent the natural language

Question: Ireland's top Olympic official Pat Hickey has been formally charged by a judge in Brazil.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Pat Hickey, along with Irishman Kevin Mallon, is one of 10 defendants facing a number of charges as part of an investigation into an alleged ticketing scam.
The judge ordered that the passports of Mr Hickey and Mr Mallon be retained.
It is expected that it could be up to a year and a half before a court case takes place.
Mr Hickey, was the most senior Olympic official in Ireland before his dramatic arrest in a Rio hotel room on 17 August.
He spent time in the maximum security Bangu 10 prison before being released and placed under house arrest on 30 August.
Under the ruling, Mr Hickey and Mr Mallon will be returned to jail if they breach any of the conditions imposed on them by the court in Rio de Janeiro.
Following his arrest, the Olympic Council of Ireland (OCI) said he had stood down temporarily from his roles.
Two other Irishmen are also facing charges or are being sought by police.
Kevin Mallon, a Dublin-based director of THG Sports, is also facing charges in relation to the alleged ticketing scam.
On Friday, police in Brazil said an arrest warrant was being sought for Martin Burke, the sports director of the Olympic Council of Ireland (OCI).

Mr Figueredo, 83, was one of seven officials arrested in Switzerland in May at the request of US prosecutors.
But while he has been fighting extradition to the US he agreed to face charges in Uruguay.
The former footballer was also once a vice-president of the South American Football Confederation (Conmebol).
Mr Figueredo was among 14 Fifa executives and associates accused of corruption by the US earlier this year.
He is accused of receiving bribes worth millions of dollars connected to Copa America tournaments.
A local prosecutor, Juan Gomez, has told AFP agency he will face charges of racketeering and money laundering when he makes an initial court appearance.
The Swiss authorities approved requests from both the US and Uruguay for his extradition.
This week saw Fifa president Sepp Blatter and the man once tipped to succeed him, Uefa boss Michel Platini, both banned from football-related activities for eight years following an ethics investigation.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: The number of chickens in Scotland has fallen sharply following the closure of several large poultry producers late last year, according to the latest agricultural census.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Government statisticians said the total poultry flock fell by 11% over the past year, to just over 13 million.
The broiler sector was hit hardest, with numbers falling by 27% to 5.7 million birds.
The number of broilers is now the lowest on record.
The fall was partially offset by a 7% increase in layers and a 7% rise in the number of fowls for breeding.
Last month, NFU Scotland called on the Competition and Markets Authority to intervene to save processing facilities in Scotland, claiming that the number of independent chicken producers in Scotland had fallen from 28 to 12 since December 2014.
It cited the closure of a number of company-owned farms in the Scottish Borders by Hook 2 Sisters, Scotland's dominant chicken processor.
Meanwhile, the June 2015 Agricultural Census recorded small increases in the number of cattle, sheep and pigs in Scotland.
However, it also found a 10% fall in the area used for potato growing, which shrank by 2,700 hectares to 26,000 hectares.
The area is now the smallest on record.

Eifion Huws, chairman of the Farmers Union of Wales' (FUW) milk committee, told BBC Radio Cymru's Post Cyntaf programme "extreme thinking" was needed to halt overproduction.
He added: "Perhaps it's time to bring back a cull for some of the cattle."
Meanwhile, supermarket Morrisons announced it will sell a new milk brand with 10p per litre paid to farmers.
It followed a meeting between the supermarket and representatives from the UK's four main farming unions - the National Farmers' Union, NFU Cymru, NFU Scotland and the Ulster Farmers' Union, along with lobby group Farmers for Action.
Some farmers are being paid less than the cost of production, according to the National Farmers' Union of England and Wales.
Speaking on Tuesday morning, Mr Huws added: "Many people may not like to hear us saying that but we're still overproducing, we're producing 40 pints a person extra compared to a year ago and this is one of the roots of the problem."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A couple have completed a "mad dash" to finish a World Cup sticker album filled with their own drawings of players.

Dubbed the "Panini Cheapskates", Alex and Sian Pratchett, from Oxford, aimed to have recreated all 639 stickers of the Panini album by the time the World Cup final started at 20:00 BST.
And in the final hour before the game between Germany and Argentina was due to begin, they drew the last player.
Mr Pratchett said their unusual labour of love might now be sold at auction.
On completing the album by drawing the last player - the Spain forward Pedro - Mr Pratchett told the BBC: "It's such a silly thing, it's hard to say we're proud exactly, but I'm glad we stuck with it to the end.
"A lot of people seem to have found it weirdly interesting.
"And if anyone has looked at this and chuckled then that makes it worthwhile," he said.
He added that one of the final flourishes of the couple's unusual World Cup campaign was to create drawings of themselves to put inside the front cover of the album.
The couple began their quest on the opening day of the World Cup and have been posting images of their drawings on a blog.
Earlier, when the pair still had 15 empty slots, Mr Pratchett said they were in "a bit of a mad dash" to get them filled.
"It would be lovely if we did get finished before then as it would be the first match of the whole World Cup we could properly focus on," he said.
"Most of our time has been spent staring at tiny bits of paper and pencils."
Mr Pratchett tried to complete the 1994 Panini World Cup album when he was 11, but "never quite did it".
This year's homemade effort was Mrs Pratchett's money-saving idea.
Mr Pratchett has previously admitted some of the early sketches were "awful", particularly one of German midfielder Mesut Özil, but he said they had been improving over the past 31 days.
On average the Cheapskates complete about 12 drawings a day, with each one taking about 20 minutes.
He said the finished album might be sold at auction, with the proceeds going to his local team Union Street FC.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Shaminder Singh spent about 40 hours a week, over 10 months constructing it by hand at his home in Coventry.
The 31-year-old forklift truck driver said: "After finishing work in the morning at 06:00 I just have a couple of hours sleep and then I get back on to this."
Mr Singh has offered to auction the model for charity.
Construction of the 50cm by 20cm (19.5in by 8in) model began in Mr Singh's living room in Wyken, Coventry, in September 2016.
Details such as the royal box, grand folding roof and corridors were all created using bamboo toothpicks bought from supermarkets.
"It's been hard work. Small work and it's taken a lot of time to make it," he said.
Hours were spent scouring the internet for photos of the real Wimbledon to double check the intricate detail as he's never actually seen the building.
"I would like to go but tickets are very expensive," he said.
The model maker has previously built a tiny Old Trafford and a plastic miniature stadium in memory of Australian batsman Phillip Hughes.