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Question: Former British Lion and Scotland international John Beattie meets ex-players who suffer from dementia and asks whether the condition can be linked to head knocks they received on the pitch.

They arrived gradually - some shuffling in with walking sticks, others ushered in by relatives.
Former rugby players - internationals and club stalwarts - were gathering for a Rugby Memories session. Two of the players were among my heroes.
A single table was set up in a chilly hall at Milngavie's West of Scotland Rugby Club and it was completely covered in images from the game's history.
Team photos and action stills featured many of the greats from the last 50 years.
As the ex-players settled in, relatives and volunteers took them through images and slowly these elderly faces came to life.
John Beattie played for Scotland and the British Lions.
Last year he made a documentary about the growing evidence that repeated head injury in contact sports might lead to long term brain damage.
Now he's been contacted by former players worried this may have happened to them.
In this exclusive film he hears their stories and speaks to the man who was the Scotland Rugby team doctor for 30 years.
The programme aims to counter the effects of dementia by stimulating memories of great moments in the game.
There were several faces around the table I recognised, but I was here to see one man in particular.
David Shedden was a combative, speedy wing who played for Scotland in the late 1970s.
But in his early 50s he developed dementia. Now he barely speaks and his daughter Lynne said these sessions saw him at his most animated.
She believes his illness may well be linked to the head knocks he experienced as a player. His nickname was "the Spear" given his particular tackling style, and she recounts up to 13 knockouts or concussions suffered by her father during his rugby career.
And she's not the only one. After I made a documentary last year looking at the links between contact sports and brain damage I was contacted by several ex players.
Now three of them feature in a film for the BBC News Scotland website. Their stories are worrying and saddening. As a former player I find it disturbing.
The scientific evidence associating multiple head trauma in a sport like rugby with long-term brain damage is strong and getting stronger.
Work looking at American Football players, as well those in other contact sports, has established that a specific form of dementia called Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE) is present in the brains of former players.
Increasingly, the focus is not simply on obviously concussed individuals. Researchers are focusing on the cumulative effects of many small blows to the head sustained not just in matches, but in training.
However, current science can't test for CTE in living individuals, only a post-mortem examination can establish whether it is present.
In the past, little was understood about the potential damage caused by multiple blows to the head.
For this film I met up with Donald MacLeod. He was the Scottish Rugby Union (SRU) team doctor from 1967 to 1995. He also served as president of the SRU. He is a man who was good to me and I respect him.
He told me he's now convinced that some of the symptoms he saw in players in the past were early signs of CTE brought on by rugby. And he explained he often worries about what the long-term effects of playing have been on players from the '70s, '80s and '90s.
Rugby has done much to improve the treatment of head injuries. Assessment of head injuries on the field and the management of them off it have been transformed.
The SRU told me it was keen to hear from players who are worried they may be having health problems.
Meanwhile, the amazing work of Rugby Memories goes on. It's good to know that the sport these men loved is helping them, even if it's possible that at least some of them are ill as a result of the playing careers that they treasure today.
I would urge rugby players, and their families, to come forward and look for help if they think that there are signs that cause concern.

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Dr Willie Stewart, who has advised rugby union on dealing with concussion, believes football authorities are still paying lip service to the matter.
Stewart said he was "depressed, disappointed and dismayed" by recent incidents involving footballers.
Dr Robert Cantu added governing body Fifa was "light years behind" rugby union with its handling of the issue.
The Rugby Football Union (RFU), Premiership Rugby and the Rugby Players' Association (RPA) last month announced major changes to the way concussion is managed in the professional game.
Stewart and Cantu were speaking at the International Rugby Board's World Rugby Conference in London, where they took part in a panel discussion about the sport's response to the problem of serious head trauma.
"I don't see much progress happening in football," said Stewart, a Glasgow-based neuropathologist.
"And it could learn a lot from how other sports have changed their protocols to better look after their players."
Their comments come after two serious incidents at this year's World Cup in Brazil.
Uruguay's Alvaro Pereira was knocked out in their group game against England, and Germany's Christoph Kramer sustained a head injury in the final against Argentina. Both players were allowed to continue playing despite suffering concussion.
This was followed last month by the apparent failure to implement the Football Association's strengthened concussion guidelines when Chelsea goalkeeper Thibaut Courtois was injured in a collision with Arsenal's Alexis Sanchez.
Rugby union has been praised by experts for responding to criticism of its own practices around concussion, and is now believed to be safer as a result.
The pitch-side assessments of head injuries have been doubled in length to give doctors more time to spot symptoms, players have been educated on the risks of ignoring those symptoms and all potential concussion victims are now assessed after the game and again 36 hours later.
American neurologist Cantu, who is the National Football League's senior advisor on head, neck and spine injuries, as well as advising a number of individual basketball, ice hockey and NFL teams, said he was "personally disappointed" at the speed at which football was getting to grips with the issue.
An authority on Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE), the degenerative brain disease that was once referred to as "punch drunk" syndrome, Cantu believes football will be forced to act if the recent class-action lawsuit launched by a group of young American players and their parents in California gathers momentum.
According to Cantu and Stewart, further impetus for change should come from the campaign led by Jeff Astle's family for more research into CTE and footballers. The former England and West Bromwich Albion forward died of CTE in 2002, aged just 59.


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Question: Wayne Carson, who wrote Elvis Presley's Always on my Mind and Joe Cocker's The Letter, has died aged 72.

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The two-time Grammy winner said he had written Always on My Mind in 10 minutes at his kitchen table in Missouri.
The song gained two further writers, Johnny Christopher and Mark James, when Carson was asked to write an additional bridge section in the recording studio.
Carson had numerous health issues, including diabetes and heart problems, according to his wife Wyndi Harp Head.
"Our music community has lost an immense talent much too soon," said Recording Academy president Neil Portnow.
Born Wayne Carson Thompson in Denver, the writer's parents were professional musicians who played under the name Shorty and Sue Thompson.
Carson picked up a guitar when he was about 14 after hearing a recording by Merle Travis, and soon began composing his own songs.
One of those compositions, Somebody Like Me, found its way to producer Chet Atkins who played it to country star Eddy Arnold. Arnold liked the song, but thought it was too short - and phoned Carson to ask him to write another verse.
"So I said, 'Well, the third verse goes like this' and I just wrote it right there over the phone," Carson recalled.
Arnold took the song to number one on the US country charts in 1966, after which Carson became a sought-after writer in Nashville.
He wrote The Letter, Soul Deep and Neon Rainbow for The Box Tops; No Love At All for BJ Thomas and A Horse Called Music for Willie Nelson.
Always on my Mind was originally recorded by Gwen McCrae and Brenda Lee, but it was Presley's 1972 version - recorded during his divorce from Priscilla - that became a standard.
A decade later, Willie Nelson took the love-lorn ballad to the top of the country charts, winning Carson his two Grammy awards - for song of the year and best country song.
Nelson's version proved so popular that Always on My Mind was named the Country Music Association's song of the year in both 1982 and 1983, leading the organisation to change its voting procedures so that a song could win the award only once.
The Pet Shop Boys' electronic version of the song was the UK's Christmas number one in 1987.
Carson came up with the bridge in an office above the recording studio in Memphis, after being asked to add a few lines to the song by producer Chips Moman.
He called on Christopher and James, two writers working out of Moman's studio, for assistance and they came up with the famous line: "Tell me, tell me that your sweet love hasn't died".
The writer was philosophical about sharing the credit for his most famous song, observing: "Hell, a hit's a hit."
Among the other artists to record Carson's songs were Conway Twitty, the Beach Boys, Randy Travis, Waylon Jennings and Tina Turner.
BJ Thomas was among the musicians paying tribute, writing on Twitter: "RIP Wayne Carson. My close friend and brother. One of the great writers. Was loved by all and will be missed."
Fellow Nashville composer Casey Kelly wrote on Facebook: "I doubt the world will ever know another of his calibre, and I am beyond saddened for our loss."
Carson was inducted into the Nashville Songwriters Hall of Fame in 1997.
He is survived by his wife and their son.

The Londoner has been honoured for penning a string of chart hits including You Really Got Me and Lola.
Scottish singer Donovan, most famous for his song Mellow Yellow, will also be inducted along with 10cc's Graham Gouldman.
Midnight Train To Georgia writer Jim Weatherly and Mark James, who wrote Suspicious Minds, also made the cut.
The five songwriters were selected from a list of nominees that also included Madonna, Nile Rodgers, Sade and Led Zeppelin's Jimmy Page and Robert Plant.
Davies, who formed The Kinks with his brother Dave in 1964, was the band's chief songwriter.
Other songs he penned which went on to become top 10 hits around the world included All Day and All of The Night, Dedicated Follower of Fashion and Waterloo Sunset.
Glasgow-born Donovan Leitch also scored hits on both sides of the Atlantic with Sunshine Superman, Hurdy Gurdy Man and Catch the Wind.
As well as writing tracks for 10cc such as I'm Not In Love, Gouldman has also written songs for Herman's Hermits, The Hollies, Cher and Jeff Beck.
Gladys Knight and the Pips recorded some 12 songs penned by Weatherly. As well as Midnight Train To Georgia, they also recorded You're The Best Thing That Ever Happened To Me and Where Peaceful Waters Flow.
While James first came to prominence after writing Hooked On A Feeling, which became a hit for Blue Swede in 1974.
He is credited with helping to revive Elvis Presley's career thanks to his track Suspicious Minds, which reached number one after the performer's '68 Comeback Special.
James's other hits include Moody Blue, Raised On Rock and Always On My Mind.
"Each of our 2014 inductees has been responsible for captivating the world with their creativity for decades, serving up a rich variety of songs for our global soundtrack," Songwriters Hall of Fame chairman Jimmy Webb said.
"We are looking forward to celebrating their contributions."
The five new inductees will be honoured at a ceremony on 12 June in New York.
Past honourees include Burt Bacharach, Billy Joel, Dolly Parton, Joni Mitchell and Aerosmith, all of whom were inducted last year.


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Question: Glamorgan captain Jacques Rudolph praised his bowlers after his side's fourth consecutive away win in the T20 Blast.

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The Welsh country restricted Kent Spitfires to 174-4 and a 25-run victory which keeps them top of the southern group with five games left to play.
Glamorgan face games against Surrey and Gloucestershire on 3 and 4 August.
"I think Thursday and Friday will be big games for us," said Rudolph who top-scored with an unbeaten 77.
"Gloucestershire and Surrey are two decent teams but I think the way we've gone about our business in this campaign ... I can't remember when we've been poor.
"We've been spot-on the way we've gone about our business and from a captaincy point of view that's really pleasing."
All Glamorgan's victories have come away from home, with their last four home matches washed out.
Rudoph's 77 and a quickfire 50 off 30 deliveries by Aneurin Donald helped Glamorgan to 199-2 in their 20 overs, a total which Kent were on target to reach after Joe Denly (68 off 50 balls) and Sam Northeast (60 off 34) had given them a solid start.
But Glamorgan applied the brakes from the 14th over with Kent needing 36 off the final over.
"I think it's a really great testimony to the way our bowlers have gone about their business again," added Rudolph.
"They played really well and put a lot of pressure on us, but as in the past once we get one wicket we seem to pick up wickets quite quickly."
Rudolph batted for the whole of Glamorgan's innings, and says is enjoying his anchor role after a second consecutive half century.
"With the likes of Aneurin [Donald], and David [Miller] and Colin [Ingram] around me probably allows me to get myself in a little bit more and rotate strike," he said.
"I know there's a lot of value for my game if I can rotate strike and get myself in, I'm not the kind of guy who's going to go in and smash sixes and fours right from the start.
"At times I feel like an analogue watch in a digital world but I think I'm coming towards the end of my career so if I'm not going to try things now . . .
"And I must say I enjoy it."
Glamorgan hope to have bowler Timm van der Gugten back for Thursday's match against Gloucestershire in Cardiff after he missed the Canterbury game with an illness.

Morning rain left surface water on an already saturated outfield and umpires Nigel Cowley and Paul Baldwin called it off after a 14:30 BST inspection.
The teams have yet to be announced, but Worcestershire may include Tom Fell.
He is in the squad for the first time this season, after being given the all-clear following treatment for cancer.
Derbyshire, under new coach John Sadler in a Championship game for the first time, are eighth, 30 points behind fourth-placed Worcestershire.
Weather-ravaged Worcestershire have managed barely three hours of cricket in the last eight days, Saturday's four-wicket T20 Blast defeat by Nottinghamshire, following two abandonments against Warwickshire both in the One-Day Cup and the T20 Blast.
Having also lost their entire opening Championship game at home to Kent, as well as the third day against Glamorgan in Cardiff, this is their sixth full day lost this season.


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Question: A company owned by Rhondda Cynon Taf council has been criticised by a union over its employment practices.

The GMB union said agency staff at Amgen Cymru, an arm's-length waste management company, were sent home at short notice without a full day's pay.
It said the agency, Smart Solutions Ltd, paid employees via a third party.
The agency said it had changed the way it paid staff, but it had always complied with statutory requirements.
Amgen Cymru's waste and recycling plant at Bryn Pica, near Aberdare, provides services for Rhondda Cynon Taf council and other authorities.
It operates as a separate legal entity to the council, but does have two council employees as its board of directors.
BBC Wales has seen payslips showing that some workers were not paid by Smart Solutions Ltd, but by another company until recently.
The GMB union said some workers were confused about who they were working for and claimed some were told they would have to pay for a paper payslip, and any replacement personal protection equipment.
Gareth Morgans, regional organiser for the GMB, claimed some workers were paid around Â£7,000 per year, before expenses were added to "make up" their pay, meaning the employer was not liable for national insurance contributions.
"The implications to the individual as I see it is that this could affect their pension in years to come if no national insurance contributions are being paid for the employee," he said.
"Amgen is an arm's-length company with directors from Rhondda Cynon Taf on the board... RCT introduced an ethical procurement policy earlier this year.
"I'm hearing of employees turning up for work in this organisation, working for an hour and then being tapped on the shoulder and sent home with no pay...that's 1960s-type employment practices - it shouldn't happen in the 21st Century."
In a statement, Smart Solutions said all its workers at the Amgen site were paid "in accordance with statutory requirements", and while it would not comment on individual cases it had "not received any complaint directly" from workers at the site.
The company added that workers were not charged for the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) unless "they might repeatedly and carelessly misuse or lose PPE".
It said it had used "specialist outsourced suppliers" previously for payroll functions, which it said might explain staff seeing a different name on payslips in the past, but denied ever charging staff for a paper copy of them.
It added change in tax legislation meant agency workers were no longer able to claim tax relief on subsistence and travel expenses in connection with their work, which had previously been the case.
A Rhondda Cynon Taf council spokesperson said: "Amgen Cymru operates as an arm's-length company and, therefore, contract tendering and other such operational issues are the responsibility of the company and its board of directors.
"The council was made aware of concerns with Smart Solutions by GMB and has since made contact with Smart Solutions to look into the matter. Smart Solutions have provided the council with reassurance on the matters raised."
Smart Solutions added: "In response to the recent issues raised by the council, Smart is running a series of surgeries for workers to understand and address any concerns they may have and which affect them individually."

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The post has been vacant since Bryn Parry-Jones quit in October after it emerged he received cash payments in lieu of pension contributions.
On Thursday, councillors met with the aim of starting the process of replacing him.
But instead they voted to hold a review into whether they need a chief executive at all.
It will look into whether to share out the role's responsibilities among other executives, as is done in some councils in England.
Councillors will be given the final say on the future of the role, the meeting was assured, and if they vote to get rid of the role, they will be the first authority in Wales without a chief executive.
Mr Parry-Jones was the highest paid council chief executive in Wales with a salary of almost £195,000 plus benefits.
As part of the deal, he was given a £90k Porsche lease car as his work vehicle,
He got a £277,000 severance deal after quitting his job in October.
He came under pressure to resign after it was revealed he received cash payments in lieu of pension contributions, which the Wales Audit Office said were unlawful.
Police inquiries into the payments were dropped after no evidence was found of criminal offences.
In July, the council said it would take no further action to reclaim the money from him or another unnamed senior officer involved in a similar arrangement.


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Question: The remains of a man found in Nepal have been confirmed as missing backpacker Matthew Allpress.

His mother, Margaret, who lives in Luton, flew to Kathmandu to join a search effort when he failed to reappear in November.
The 23-year-old had been on a trekking holiday.
Tests on skeletal remains found on 10 May by two Nepalese foraging in a mountainous area have been confirmed as Mr Allpress, a family spokesman said.
Experts used medical and dental records to confirm his identity, the spokesman added.
The examination was performed by doctors at a hospital in Kathmandu after a request by police.
The spokesman said: "Margaret, Matthew's mum, attended the hospital on Thursday to view the remains and to meet with the examining doctors who had carried out the autopsy.
"The police have advised us that a new team of approximately 15 officers are being immediately deployed back to the area where the remains were found to search for, and hopefully retrieve, the remaining missing effects that belong to Matthew.
"This process will take some time but as normal we will keep everyone updated as news comes to hand."
Ms Allpress met up with her Australian son's father, Mark, after flying to Nepal.
The spokesman added: "Mark and Margaret thank everyone for their thoughts and prayers."

A single human bone was first found in March close to junction 45 of the M1 in woods near Temple Newsam, Leeds.
Searches at the scene in April later revealed most of a skeleton.
West Yorkshire Police said the man had now been identified as coming from eastern Europe. No further details have been released.


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Question: A court in India has convicted 31 workers over violent protests at car manufacturer Maruti Suzuki's main plant outside the capital Delhi in 2012.

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Another 117 factory workers were acquitted over the protests, in which a senior manager was beaten to death.
Two Japanese nationals were among more than 80 people who were injured.
The violence, believed to be linked to a dispute over wages and contracts, prompted the carmaker to temporarily halt production at the factory.
Extra police were deployed outside the factory in Manesar ahead of the verdict as tensions were high.
Seven workers were found guilty of culpable homicide. Sentencing is due later on Friday.
More than 30,000 workers boycotted their meals on Thursday and warned of "further action" if their colleagues "did not get justice".
Managers and workers blamed each other for starting the clashes, which followed months of troubled labour relations.
The violence at the vast factory in Haryana state was believed to have erupted after an altercation between a factory worker and a supervisor.
Maruti Suzuki, which is majority owned by the Japanese parent company, is India's largest car manufacturer with a 50% share of the country's booming car market.

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Many employees were taken to hospital with stomach cramps, a spokesman for the Starlight Sweaters factory said.
Police said someone may have poisoned the water supply.
In April, more than 1,100 people were killed and about 2,500 wounded when a factory building collapsed near Dhaka.
The Rana Plaza collapse was one of the world's worst industrial disasters and sparked global outrage.
It has also led to violent protests as workers demand better pay and working conditions.
Up to 600 Starlight Sweaters workers are estimated to have fallen ill after drinking the contaminated water on Wednesday, factory spokesman Based Ali said.
"The workers have been sent to different hospitals after they reported  stomach pain and started vomiting," he said.
A local police officer told the AFP news agency the water supply was possibly "poisoned" with pesticides.
The factory is based in the industrial complex of Gazipur on the outskirts of Dhaka.
Clashes erupted earlier between police and garment factory workers as thousands of protesters took to the streets of Dhaka demanding better pay and conditions.
And in another demonstration, security forces fired rubber bullets and tear gas to disperse large crowds gathered at the site of the collapsed Rana Plaza buildings.
Many of the protesters were relatives of Rana Plaza victims asking for compensation.
Meanwhile, the UK has announced it will donate Â£18m for safety and skills training for thousands of low-skilled Bangladeshi garment workers.
Britain will also provide a team of experts to review the country's building inspection system.


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Question: Joey Barton has hinted that he has decided to join Scottish giants Rangers, despite being offered a new deal by Burnley.

Midfielder Barton has also been offered a contract by Rangers following talks with the Scottish Championship winners.
The 33-year-old is a free agent after helping Burnley win promotion to the Premier League.
Barton tweeted that a "tough decision" has now been made, followed by the words to a well-known Rangers song.
On Tuesday, Burnley announced they had offered a new deal to Barton, as well as former England goalkeeper Paul Robinson.
Goalkeeper Matt Gilks, 33, midfielder Matt Taylor, 34, and winger Lloyd Dyer, 33, have been released by the Clarets.
Long-serving defender Michael Duff, 38, has not been offered a new deal and becomes the under-18s coach.
Championship winners Burnley will also allow goalkeeper Danijel Nizic, 21, and striker Jason Gilchrist, 21, to leave at the end of their contracts in June.
Manager Sean Dyche said: "There are always tough decisions to make at the end of every season - but in football you have to keep moving forwards and on behalf of everyone at the football club, I would like to thank the players leaving us for all their efforts and professionalism."

The 30-year-old is a free agent after being released by Crystal Palace and is open to the possibility of playing abroad.
Ledley, capped 73 times, has been linked with moves to two former clubs, Championship side Cardiff City and Scottish champions Celtic.
Cardiff boss Neil Warnock has played down the possibility of Ledley moving back to his home city club.


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Question: A 17-year-old who killed two people had a picture of Yorkshire Ripper Peter Sutcliffe and DVDs about other murderers at his home, a court heard.

The teenager is charged with the murder of James Attfield, 33, and Nahid Almanea, 31, in Colchester, Essex.
Guildford Crown Court heard there was "no dispute" he killed the victims.
The boy, who cannot be named because of his age, has admitted manslaughter on the grounds of diminished responsibility but denies murder.
Prosecutor Philip Bennetts told the court material had been found on the teenager's phone and at his home about serial killers including Sutcliffe and "Stockwell Strangler" Kenneth Erskine.
DVDs about Sutcliffe, and films including horror series Wrong Turn and Snowtown - inspired by a real-life string of killings in Australia - were found by police when they searched the boy's home.
He had also used his phone to look up a report into a man who had killed several elderly victims and had entered a diminished responsibility plea.
After his arrest in May last year, the defendant told police he "heard voices telling him to sacrifice people", Mr Bennetts said.
He was detained after a member of the public called police to report someone acting suspiciously near the site where Saudi Arabian student Ms Almanea, 31, was found dead on Salary Brook Trail.
Mr Attfield, 33, was found with 102 knife wounds three months beforehand in Castle Park.
Both victims had been found with stab wounds around their left eyes, something the court heard was "quite uncommon".
Mr Bennetts told the court during the course of the trial, which is set to last one week, a psychiatrist would argue that the teenager was able to form rational judgements at the time of the killings.
Judge Robin Spencer QC told jury members they had to decide whether the accused was suffering from diminished responsibility at the time of the killings in 2014.
On the first day of the trial, the defendant changed his plea to a third charge, of possessing an offensive weapon, to guilty.
The trial continues.

Linda Bowman said they acted after her 18-year-old daughter's burial place attracted "absolute fruit loops".
Speaking to the Daily Mirror, Mrs Bowman said the grave was targeted four times in six months.
Mark Dixie, 46, was jailed in 2008 for stabbing Miss Bowman then raping her as she lay dead or dying in south London.
Sally Anne's remains were removed from her grave four years ago, Mrs Bowman said, because "someone kept destroying her grave and her headstone".
Killer Mark Dixie admits other attacks
'He got what he deserved', model's family say
The secret history of Sally Anne Bowman's killer
"We used to have funny men hanging around over there," said Mrs Bowman.
"Myself and her dad had to go through the Ministry of Justice to have it exhumed."
Other incidents involved dirt and dead flowers being spread across the grave, the trauma of which brought memories of her daughter's death "flooding back", Mrs Bowman said.
Last month Dixie, who killed Sally Ann in Croydon in 2005, admitted two further attacks, one involving the rape of a woman when he was aged 16.
On 26 July, prosecutor Crispin Aylett QC told Southwark Crown Court Dixie revealed the attacks to police after confessing in January 2015 to the murder of Sally Anne.
During his original three-week trial Dixie claimed to have found Miss Bowman dead and proceeded to have sex with her lifeless body after he had been on a drink and drugs binge.
The 18-year-old's body was found next to a skip in September 2005.
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Question: The United States will take a three-point advantage into the final day of the Ryder Cup, leading Europe 9½-6½.

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Rory McIlroy and Thomas Pieters briefly tied the scores by winning the first of the Saturday afternoon fourballs.
But the Americans restored their advantage through victories for Jordan Spieth and Patrick Reed, and Phil Mickelson and Matt Kuchar at Hazeltine.
Lee Westwood missed from three feet on the 18th when he and Danny Willett had the chance for a half.
The US need five points from Sunday's 12 singles matches to win the Ryder Cup for only the third time in 23 years, while Europe need 7½ to retain the trophy they have held since 2010.
Europe will no doubt draw on their experience at Medinah four years ago, when they won despite trailing 10-6 after two days, but then an Ian Poulter-inspired Europe had built up a head of steam going into the final day.
Here, the US rebounded from taking only 2½ points from the previous nine to win the final three fourballs matches on a glorious afternoon in Minnesota.
That, coupled with Westwood's miss - which would have cut the deficit from three to two points - has left the home side with the momentum.
The image of Northern Irishman McIlroy bowing to the gallery was the abiding symbol of Europe's Friday fightback, and baiting from the home crowd - he asked for one spectator to be ejected -  drew howls and fist-pumps from the world number three on Saturday.
However, he was reliant on composed rookie Pieters, who ensured their partnership took three points from three matches together.
Back-to-back birdies from the Belgian put Europe four up with four to play and, even though the US won the next two holes, Pieters sealed a 3&1 win on the 17th.
That point ensured Europe had taken six and-a-half points from nine, but they were only briefly level as Mickelson and Kuchar outclassed Sergio Garcia and Martin Kaymer, who was recalled despite a poor first day.
While Garcia in particular missed opportunities on the green, Mickelson holed from 25 feet on the 10th and Kuchar drained a mammoth putt on 13.
Although Europe managed to extend the match to the 17th, Mickelson held his nerve to edge the US to a 2&1 victory.
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If McIlroy was the man to lead European cheers, then Reed provided encouragement to the home fans - not that it was needed.
Any suspicion that his formidable partnership with Spieth had crumbled after they gave away a four-hole lead in the morning foursomes was dismissed when Reed went five under between holes five and eight, including pitching in for an eagle at the par-five sixth.
When Rose and Stenson began to hole putts, they cut the deficit to one, but the fired-up Reed ensured there would be no repeat capitulation with birdies on 14 and 15 as the point was sealed 2&1.
With Europe set to be behind when the singles started regardless, Darren Clarke's men badly needed any sort of score from Westwood and Willett's tight tussle with JB Holmes and Ryan Moore.
Westwood, like Kaymer, was a captain's pick who struggled on day one, but looked to be proving his worth with delightful putts on seven and 10.
But, from all-square after 16, both Englishmen made bogey on the par-three 17th, only for a half to be seemingly guaranteed by Westwood's wonderful approach to the last. Then came the awful miss and a one-hole defeat.
Europe's Sergio Garcia speaking to BBC Radio 5 live about the atmosphere: "It has been quite poor. 85% of people are great. I love playing in America and my girlfriend is American, but the 15% that is really bad makes them look bad, and I feel ashamed for my girlfriend. But it is what it is."
Europe's Rory McIlroy: "Someone just said a few derogatory things I thought were over the line. I tried to get him removed. It fuelled me a lot. The more they shouted, the better we played, so I hope they shout at us all day tomorrow."
Europe captain Darren Clarke: "We're going to have to work hard tomorrow. It's been done before from a worse position. We need to believe in ourselves. There is a precedent."
USA captain Davis Love: "I kept wanting to take Jordan and Patrick out to rest. But Tiger has been watching them and he said 'no, no, no, don't take my guys out'. It worked and I'm going to put them to bed early."
USA's Patrick Reed: "We had a huge lead early in the first match and let it slip and I was not going to let that happen again. I live for this kind of stuff - let's go some more. I can't wait for tomorrow."
Europe's Danny Willett: "It doesn't change the job in hand. The job is to win all 12 tomorrow. No one is on 14½ yet."
BBC chief sports writer Tom Fordyce:
It was a chastening late afternoon for Darren Clarke after his team had done so well to claw themselves back across the previous two sessions.
At one point midway through Saturday's fourballs a European lead going into the singles looked possible; even at the death it appeared they might be just two points down, a tough ask but considerably better than Clarke could have hoped for after losing 4-0 on the first morning.
But those two short putts missed by his friend and wildcard pick Lee Westwood both raised questions over the selection and gave the US - inspired by the brilliant Patrick Reed - a stranglehold that they are unlikely to release.
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The Northern Irishman's win in the Tour Championship, which also saw him land the $10m (£7.7m) FedEx Cup prize, was his second victory in three weeks.
"We were all in the bar watching last night when he won. It was a great moment and a huge boost," Lawrie said.
"He is obviously back to his best and that bodes well for the team."
Lawrie, 47, flew out to the United States on Monday with captain Darren Clarke and other members of the European team.
The Scot, one of five vice-captains alongside Thomas Bjorn, Sam Torrance, Padraig Harrington and Ian Poulter, insists the Europeans are not fazed by the United States' billing as favourites on home soil.
"I don't think it really matters if we are the underdogs or not," Lawrie said. "Everyone is extremely happy with the team we have got. There are lot of unbelievable players in there.
"We are going to focus on what we can bring to the party, and we are all really looking forward to it.
"I think the boys will lean quite heavily on you as a vice-captain.  Darren has not chosen you and is not asking for your opinion if you are not going to give it.
"I have no problem giving it if he asks me. I have known him a long time and I will give him an honest answer."
With six rookies among Europe's line-up, Lawrie hopes his two Ryder Cups as a player - both in America - will be beneficial to the team.
Lawrie contributed 3½ points to the 'Battle of Brookline' in 1999, when the US recovered from 10-6 down to win 14½-13½, a contest remembered for most of the US team invading the 17th green thinking the match was over while Jose Maria Olazabal still had a putt to halve the hole against Justin Leonard.
He also featured in the 'Miracle of Medinah' four years ago, as Europe completed a stunning comeback from 10-4 down during the Saturday afternoon fourballs to win 14½-13½, the Scot winning his singles match for a second time.
"We all know how tough it is to play out there," Lawrie added. "The fans get into it and the majority of the fans watching are American and home supporters.
"I hope to be able to pass on to the boys who have not played over there before what it is like, and what they can expect."
The first practice day is on Tuesday, with the three-day contest starting on Friday, 30 September with the first foursomes at 13:35 BST, and the fourballs scheduled to follow at 18:30 BST.
The match concludes with the singles on Sunday, 2 October, starting at 17:00 BST.


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Question: New Zealand and Australia took a point apiece as their Champions Trophy Group A match was abandoned because of rain.

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Having left out David Warner because of an incident in the early hours of Sunday, Australia made 243-8 as Adam Voges struck 71 and George Bailey 55.
New Zealand were 51-2 when rain arrived after 15 overs, five overs short of the number needed for a result.
As a consequence, England will qualify for the semi-finals if they beat Sri Lanka at The Oval on Thursday.
The abandonment favours New Zealand, who beat Sri Lanka on Sunday, rather more than Australia, who were well placed in this contest after losing their opening Group A match to England.
It was yet another difficult day for Mickey Arthur's team ahead of the Ashes series which begins on 10 July.
Captain Michael Clarke remained in London having treatment on a long-standing back injury, and there was further disruption to the squad - this time self-inflicted - as details emerged of Warner's alleged "unprovoked attack" on England batsman Joe Root in a Birmingham bar, which resulted in the Australia opener being placed on 12th-man duties to carry drinks of a different kind.
This followed the 26-year-old's recent fine for comments made on Twitter, and four members of the squad being disciplined over "Homework-gate" during the 4-0 whitewash in India this year.
Australia 85 wins, New Zealand 34, no-results 6
Their run of ill fortune briefly abated when Australia won the toss but soon returned as two wickets fell in the first 19 balls.
Shane Watson edged to wicketkeeper Luke Ronchi, the New Zealand-born former Australia player, to give Mitchell McClenaghan the first of four wickets.
Phil Hughes was run out for a duck by a Martin Guptill direct hit after hesitation between the batsmen, and Daniel Vettori bowled tidily with great variations of flight and pace to concede just 23 runs in 10 overs, despite a troublesome Achilles that left him hobbling in the field.
Stand-in Australia skipper Bailey played with an effectiveness that was particularly commendable given the trying circumstances surrounding his team.
Unspectacular both in shot selection and demeanour, Bailey calmly restored order in a partnership of 64 with Matthew Wade and then 77 in 16 overs with the purposeful Voges.
8 - Mitchell McClenaghan (NZ)
7 - Ravindra Jadeja (Ind)
7 - Ryan McLaren (SA)
5 - Sunil Narine (WI)
In his 18th ODI, 33-year-old Voges - yet to play a Test and not part of the Ashes squad - struck the ball crisply in a 76-ball innings that ended in the 44th over when he drove a McClenaghan full toss to short extra-cover.
Glenn Maxwell added an enterprising unbeaten 29, featuring the only two sixes of the innings, both of which came in the penultimate over, bowled by spinner Kane Williamson.
It took Australia to a total that had been overhauled only three times in 20 previous ODIs at the ground.
With the floodlights on in the increasing gloom, New Zealand's task became more difficult when Guptill sliced Clint McKay to point in the fourth over and Ronchi - who played two ODIs for Australia in 2008 but who now has only 45 runs in five innings for the Kiwis - steered the same bowler to gully.
But rain intervened and the match was finally called off at 18:23 BST, meaning reigning champions Australia must beat Sri Lanka in their final match on Monday to have any chance of continuing their defence of the trophy.
Match scorecard

The host country beat South Africa by just two wickets at the match in Bristol.
England will now face either Australia or India at Sunday's final at Lords Cricket Ground in London.
Hopes will be high for England, who have only lost one match this competition and topped their table in the group stages.


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Question: South Korea has appealed to the World Trade Organization to determine if the Chinese government is treating South Korean companies unfairly.

Seoul claims Beijing is retaliating economically over its deployment of a US anti-missile defence system.
South Korea's Trade Minister Joo Hyung-hwan told parliament China "may be in violation of some trade agreements".
China opposes the deployment, saying it will affect the regional security balance and allow the US to spy on it.
Washington and Seoul say the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (Thaad) system is designed to protect against threats from North Korea. But it has caused significant tension with China, which is South Korea's largest trading partner.
"The Chinese government may not admit that they took retaliatory measures against the Thaad decision, but we have to point out the possibility," Mr Joo said according to Yonhap news agency.
"We are collecting evidence and will also deal with issues that South Korean companies are treated unfairly in China."
South Korea complained about China to the WTO over the issue on Friday, Mr Joo said.
What impact will S Korea's expanded missile defence system have?
China's leaders have voiced serious displeasure over the Thaad system and its deployment has generated anti-South Korean sentiment.
The row has coincided with a number of economic measures being imposed on South Korea.
China's National Tourism Administration ordered local travel agencies to stop selling tour packages to South Korea starting 15 March, according to Korea's Tourism Organisation.
"Some estimates suggest that Beijing's travel ban could reduce the number of Chinese visitors to South Korea by up to 70%, resulting in billions of dollars in lost tourism-related revenue," Scott Seaman, director of Asia at the Eurasia Group, said.
China froze the sale and distribution of some South Korean television dramas, music and products starting last October. Nearly all shows or music concerts starring Korean artists have been suspended.
Chinese authorities have also closed dozens of stores belonging to South Korea's Lotte Group, which has signed a deal to provide land to host the Thaad system, for allegedly violating safety regulations.
China denies the recent moves are related to the Thaad deployment.
In a separate development, the Lotte Group's 93-year-old founder and three other family members went on trial in Seoul on Monday for alleged embezzlement, tax evasion and fraud.
Tong Zhao, a fellow from the Carnegie-Tsinghua Center for Global Policy, believes China's economic pressure may ultimately prove counter-productive.
"Threats of economic sanctions are part of coercive diplomacy, but they may not be useful in addressing the Thaad issue," he wrote in a 2016 report.
"These forceful measures would likely be seen as a sign of disrespect and a direct threat to South Korea's interests - which could ultimately push South Korea to bolster its military alliance with the United States".

The Department of Commerce said it will impose tariffs of between 14.78% to 15.97% on Chinese firms.
This compares with an earlier level of between 2.9% and 4.73% it announced in March.
China has criticised the move saying it will hurt trade relations and will provoke trade friction.
"The US is provoking trade friction in the new energy sector, and sending a negative signal to the world that stirs global trade protectionism and obstructs the sector's development," Shen Danyang, spokesman for China's Commerce Ministry was quoted as saying by the Reuters news agency.
The export of solar cells and solar panels has been a contentious issue between the US and China.
The US-based manufacturers of these products have alleged that government subsidies provided to Chinese firms have helped them cut their prices and flood the market with cheap products.
In its latest report, the Department of Commerce concluded that Chinese firms were selling products in the US at rates below fair value, a practice know as "dumping".
It said it would levy anti-dumping duties against these firms.
However, the department added that it would issue the orders for the anti-subsidy tariffs and anti-dumping duties once the US International Trade Commission (ITC) affirmed that these practices were hurting US firms.
The ITC is expected to announce its decision on the matter by 23 November.
Timothy Brightbill, a legal representative for SolarWorld Industries Americas, one of the firms that has been the most vocal opponent of Chinese companies, said it would keep up the pressure on authorities to implement strict measures.
"In our view, all Chinese cells and all Chinese modules are dumped and subsidised," he said.


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Question: Gerardo Martino has resigned as head coach of Argentina.

The 53-year-old departs just days after Argentina lost on penalties to Chile in the Copa America final.
In a statement Martino indicated he quit because of a "lack of decisions" at the head of the Argentine FA (AFA) and "serious problems" in selecting a squad for the Olympics.
The Argentine managed his country from August 2014, after previously coaching Barcelona.
Last month's Copa America defeat was the second time Argentina finished runner-up to Chile in the competition during Martino's reign.
Star player Lionel Messi - who missed a penalty in the final shootout - retired following the match, saying it "hurt not to be a champion".
A host of other leading Argentina players are reportedly close to quitting the national team, although there has been no confirmation of further retirements.
Martino has also struggled to choose an 18-man squad for the Olympic football tournament in Rio, which starts on 3 August - two days before the Games formally commence.
Argentine media says Martino is frustrated clubs are unwilling to release player in time for Rio. At present there are only nine players in Argentina's Olympic squad, and the president of the country's Olympic committee has hinted he may not send a team.
The AFA has also been struggling amid a power vacuum that followed the death of long-time president Julio Grondona in 2014.
The AFA has been placed under the administration of a Fifa committee in order to prepare it for new presidential elections in 2017.

The Dutchman replaces the Portuguese coach Jose Peseiro who left the club in January to take over at Porto.
It means Cairo rivals Ahly and Zamalek both have new coaches with Alex McLeish set to take over in charge of the White Knights.
Ahly are currently top of the table in Egypt above Zamalek, who are the reigning champions.
As well the English clubs Tottenham and Fulham Jol has also had spells with German side Hamburg and Dutch club Ajax.
The 60-year-old has been out of management since being sacked by Fulham in 2013.


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Question: A Tory peer has apologised for "any offence caused" after he said fracking should take place in "the North East" because it was "desolate".

Former energy secretary Lord Howell had said there was less concern there than for "beautiful natural areas".
He was criticised by the Archbishop of Canterbury and Friends of the Earth.
Apologising, Lord Howell of Guildford said there were parts of both the North East and the south that were "less densely inhabited than others".
Fracking - short for "hydraulic fracturing" - involves drilling deep under ground and releasing a high-pressure mix of water, sand and hundreds of chemicals to crack rocks and release gas stored inside.
Water companies are worried the process could contaminate drinking water aquifers that lie above shale gas reserves. But supporters of fracking say it is safe and essential to making the UK more energy self-sufficient.
Widespread fracking has not started in the UK yet, but Cuadrilla began exploratory drilling in Lancashire in 2011 and many other possible sites have been identified.
During Lords Questions, Conservative Lord Howell, who was energy secretary from 1979 to 1981, asked: "Would you accept that it could be a mistake to think of and discuss fracking in terms of the whole of the United Kingdom in one go?
"I mean there obviously are, in beautiful natural areas, worries about not just the drilling and the fracking, which I think are exaggerated, but about the trucks, and the delivery, and the roads, and the disturbance, and those about justified worries."
He added: "But there are large and uninhabited and desolate areas. Certainly in part of the North East where there's plenty of room for fracking, well away from anybody's residence, where we could conduct without any kind of threat to the rural environment."
After the comments, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Most Reverend Justin Welby, wrote on Twitter: "North east England very beautiful, rugged, welcoming, inspiring, historic, advancing, not 'desolate' as was said in House of Lords today."
Friends of the Earth's Tony Bosworth called the comments "jaw-dropping", adding: "The government's ill-conceived fracking plans aren't something that can be quietly brushed under the carpet 'up north' - as the villages resisting the drillers in the Tory heartlands of England's south show."
Following the criticism, Lord Howell issued a statement saying: "I apologise for any offence caused. I certainly did not intend to suggest that the North East is desolate and I do not believe it to be the case. There are parts of the country that are less densely inhabited than others.
"That includes parts of the North East but also other areas in the south of England as well. The shale gas industry should be encouraged to develop in a sustainable way where it is appropriate to do so and in way that ensures communities benefit, which could be in many different parts of country."
Downing Street said Lord Howell did not speak for the government.
But Labour MP for Newcastle North Catherine McKinnell said the peer's remarks demonstrated that the Conservative Party was "out of touch".
"It's right that Lord Howell has apologised for these offensive comments but such outdated opinions leave a lasting impression," she said.
Andy Wilson, chief executive of the North York Moors National Park Authority, said the authority had received initial contact from companies over fracking for shale.
"It's something that in the longer term we're expecting to deal with," he said.
"But we shouldn't start with an assumption it's empty and desolate; it's beautiful and peopled."

Conservative Gary Streeter told the Plymouth Herald a group who parked their caravans in a local park were "a nuisance" and "intruders".
He told the BBC his reference to the Mongolian invader was meant to question their status as a vulnerable group.
"If people get upset by it, that's up to them," he said.
The MP for Devon South West was commenting on a group which set up camp at Trefusis Park in Lower Compton, Plymouth.
He was quoted in the Herald as saying: "They are as vulnerable as Ghengis Khan, most of them are as ethnic as I am, and all have permanent homes elsewhere in the UK."
Mr Streeter told the BBC his comment was a reference to travellers having vulnerable ethnic minority status.
He said he has called for this to be removed previously, and would continue to raise the issue in Westminster.
Councillor Philippa Davey told the newspaper Mr Streeter's comments were "irresponsible" and he was making "sweeping judgements" in "comparing people to Genghis Khan".
Mr Streeter claimed "they're not vulnerable, they're not ethnic, they all come from somewhere else in England".


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Question: Ministers have sought to reassure peers about the status of EU citizens in the UK after Brexit as they face possible defeat over the issue in the Lords.

Home Secretary Amber Rudd has written to peers to say the UK cannot offer a unilateral guarantee on residency but it will be a priority once talks begin.
She also said peers would have a say on future changes to migration rules.
The Lords could inflict a defeat on the government when amendments to the Brexit bill are debated on Wednesday.
Earlier this month, MPs passed unamended a bill which would give Theresa May the power to begin the Brexit process.
They accepted assurances from ministers that protecting the rights of the 3 million UK nationals living in the UK would be a priority for ministers.
But many peers want the government to go further and state that all EU nationals lawfully in the UK at the time of the referendum should be allowed to stay.
In a letter to peers, Ms Rudd said such a guarantee, however "well-intentioned", would not help the hundreds of thousands of UK citizens living on the Continent as it could leave them in potential limbo if reciprocal assurances were not given by the EU's 27 other member states.
BBC political editor Laura Kuenssberg
The letter is not that different to what was sent to MPs previously to try to ease their minds, as the Article 50 legislation made its way through the House of Commons.
It does though appear to kill off the idea that Theresa May will arbitrarily set a cut off date for EU immigration without having to get MPs or peers onside first. But it is unlikely to spare the government's blushes tomorrow. Without a further more dramatic concession, they are set to lose.
That will set in train the first 'ping' of the potential 'ping pong' - the Parliamentary process where the Lords reject something in the red chamber, sending it back down the corridors to the green benches - daring, imploring perhaps, backbenchers to join with them and push back at the government.
There is no sign at the moment that ministers want to budge on this issue
Read more from Laura
"We need to act fairly and provide certainty for both groups of people as quickly as possible and that will remain the government's position," she wrote.
She suggested the inability to reach a mutual agreement was more a question of timing than principle and the UK and EU had a "common goal" in doing so if, as expected, the UK notifies the EU of its intention to leave by the end of March.
"There is absolutely no question of treating EU citizens with anything other than the utmost respect," she wrote.
"That's why we will be making securing their status a priority as soon as we trigger Article 50 and the negotiations begin.
"I know some colleagues are concerned about how long this might take to resolve, but the government remains committed to providing reassurance to EU nationals here and UK nationals in the EU as a priority once Article 50 has been triggered."
Ms Rudd said that any changes to the status of existing EU residents and those coming from Europe in future would have to be approved by Parliament.
"This will be done through a separate Immigration Bill and subsequent secondary legislation so nothing will change for any EU citizen, whether already resident in the UK or moving from the EU, without Parliament's approval."
She added: "This isn't just about ensuring British businesses and our public sector have access to the right workers.
"We owe it to those many European citizens who have contributed so much to this country to resolve this issue as soon as possible and give them the security they need to continue to contribute to this country."
Last week, peers gave an unopposed second reading to the European Union (Notification of Withdrawal) Bill.
But the government - which does not have a majority in the Lords - is potentially more vulnerable to defeat now that specific amendments are being discussed.
The Supreme Court ruled in January that the government requires the prior approval of both Houses of Parliament before it can trigger Article 50.

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Lord Heseltine backed the demand for a parliamentary vote on the final deal to be written into Brexit legislation.
Lord Heseltine learned hours later that he had been fired from five government advisory roles he had held.
He said he accepted Number 10's right to sack him but "sometimes there are issues which transcend party politics".
Lord Heseltine told the Lords that the UK was facing "the most momentous peacetime decision of our time".
The peer said he was having dinner with his wife when he got a call from the chief whip, and went to the Lords to be told he was being sacked.
Lord Heseltine told the BBC: "This is not my judgment, this is the prime minister exercising her perfectly legitimate right to get rid of opposition in any way she finds appropriate.
"Whether it's a wise thing to do is a matter for her not for me.
"I have been hugely proud of the work I have done for David Cameron and now for this prime minister, and if they don't want me to go on they must sack me."
He continued: "I did write a newspaper article the other day setting out exactly what I intended to do so I think they could have told me this would be the price but let me make it quite clear; I would still have voted as I did tonight.
"Sometimes in politics there are issues which transcend party politics; in the end you have to be your own person. I believe our interests are intertwined with Europe. I am not prepared to change.
"Every Conservative prime minister I worked for has told me, including this prime minister before the referendum, that we were essentially seeking British self-interest in Europe."
"It's not perfect but it's much better than anything that happened before the Second World War."
Ministers have said they aim to overturn the two defeats peers inflicted on them in the Lords on the Brexit bill.
When the bill becomes law it will give the prime minister the legal permission she requires to begin the process of leaving the EU.
Brexit Secretary David Davis has said some in the Lords are seeking to "frustrate" Brexit but it was the government's intention to ensure that did not happen.
When the bill returns to the Commons next week ministers will have some persuading to do but Theresa May remains on course to trigger Article 50 and begin Brexit negotiations before the end of this month.
Like Ken Clarke in the Commons, Lord Heseltine was determined to remain vociferously pro-European both before and after the referendum.
BBC political correspondent Chris Mason says Lord Heseltine's sacking illustrates Downing Street's determination to pointedly press ahead with Brexit.
Lord Heseltine, 83, served as a minister in Margaret Thatcher's government in the 1980s.
He was brought in by former Prime Minister David Cameron to advise the government on a range of projects, including schemes in east London and Swansea.
Peers voted by 366 votes to 268 in favour of an amendment to the bill to have a "meaningful" parliamentary vote on the final terms of the Brexit deal.
The previous defeat was on the issue of guaranteeing the rights of EU citizens.
After a three-hour debate on Tuesday, the turnout for the vote was the largest in the Lords since 1831, according to Parliament's website.
As well as Lord Heseltine, 12 other Tory peers defied the government to vote in favour of the amendment, including former ministers Lord Deben and Viscount Hailsham.
Mrs May has said she wants to trigger Article 50 by the end of March but the Commons is unlikely to have an opportunity to consider the changes made by the Lords until the middle of next week as four days have been set aside for debate on the Budget.


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Question: A teacher from Nottingham has been swept out to sea in Bulgaria.

Ethan McKen, 24, was at the Black Sea resort of Sunny Beach, near Burgas, when he and a friend were hit by a wave, earlier on Saturday.
Mr McKen was unable to get back to shore and his friends were unable to reach him, a family member said.
Travel agent Thomas Cook is working with local authorities to find him. The UK Foreign Office has been made aware of the incident.
Its spokesman said it was providing consular assistance to the family of a British man.
A spokesman from Club 18-30, which is owned by Thomas Cook, confirmed one of its customers staying at its Sunny Beach resort went missing earlier on Saturday.
A second person is safe and recovering in a local medical centre.
He said: "We are liaising closely with the British Embassy and the local authorities as the search effort continues, and can confirm that the local police are stopping anyone entering the water at present while this continues.
"Club 18-30's parent company Thomas Cook is liaising closely with the missing person's family in the UK, and are arranging for relatives to travel to Bulgaria at the first available opportunity."

Harri Jones, 18, from Wrexham, is at a hospital in Stoke-on-Trent after money was raised to fly him to the UK. He is said to be responding to questions and has moved his arms and legs.
He suffered a fractured skull and cheekbone, and lost sight in one eye following last month's accident.
It was on the first night of his first holiday abroad with friends in Kavos.


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Question: David Cameron has dismissed a proposed "emergency brake" on in-work benefits for EU migrants as "not good enough" after talks in Brussels.

The plan had been proposed by EU officials to break the deadlock in Mr Cameron's EU renegotiations.
He said progress had been made but there was still a "long way to go".
The PM is aiming to get a deal with other EU nations on benefits and three other demands at a summit next month before holding an in/out referendum.
Mr Cameron wants to prevent migrants from other EU nations from claiming tax credits - income supplements paid to those in low-paid work - for four years, which he says will help reduce high levels of immigration to the UK.
But the idea is facing resistance from Central European nations, who view it as discriminatory towards their citizens.
EU officials have floated the idea of a temporary ban or "emergency brake", that would be available to all member states, if they can prove their welfare systems are under strain from immigration.
Czech officials said this was the "best solution" and could be imposed within three months of the UK applying for it - but Poland has said its citizens cannot be "denied social benefits" in other EU nations.
Speaking after talks with European Commission president Jean-Claude Juncker, Mr Cameron said the "emergency brake" plan "needs more work".
He insisted he wanted to ensure migrants could not receive benefits until they had paid into the system, adding: "We want to end the idea of something for nothing."
But UKIP leader Nigel Farage told the BBC: "The prime minister's position is pretty pathetic and some what anaemic."
Mr Farage accused the prime minister of "fiddling around on the edges" and said the issues being negotiated would not make "any difference at all".
He compared Mr Cameron to Dickens' character Oliver Twist, saying: "For him now to go to the next European summit and to ask for more, it's a little bit like the boy in Oliver going up and saying 'please sir, can we have some more concessions' - it is pathetic."
Analysis by the BBC's Europe editor Katya Adler
The idea of the emergency brake has been on and off the table ever since David Cameron started trying to renegotiate the UK's relationship with the EU.
Arguably, he wanted an emergency brake on EU migration full stop. He's watered that down to focus on in-work benefits for up to four years.
The current idea would be that Britain could initiate a request for this emergency brake for up to four years if it could prove Britain's social and welfare system is under excessive strain from immigration.
But that brake would have to be approved by the majority of other EU member states - and of course, right from the beginning, they have been opposed to suspending benefits for other EU migrants.
One of the founding principles of the EU is the freedom for every EU citizen to live and work as equals anywhere in any EU member state, so they don't like it.
At the end of the day, these other countries want Britain to stay in the EU. It could be that they just hold their nose and say yes to the deal, or it could be there's a lot of European fireworks ahead.
Conservative former minister John Redwood, who is part of Conservatives for Britain, a group campaigning to leave the EU, told the BBC the "emergency brake" proposal fell "well short" of the need for Britain to regain control of its borders .
"It says we have to beg, in extreme circumstances, for the permission of the rest of the EU to not make payments we don't want to make - it's simply a bad joke," he said.
Conservative MP Nick Herbert, who backs the PM's stance of wanting to remain in a "reformed Europe", said what "the middle ground of opinion" wanted from the negotiations were effective measures that would address "the unnatural draw" of migrants to the UK.
"If there is a lever that can be pulled soon enough and will operate for long enough and would be a tough and practical measure, that would address our concerns," he told BBC Radio 4's Today programme.
What are in-work benefits and who claims them?
The Department for Work and Pensions does not collect figures on the number of non-UK nationals claiming benefits at any given time.
But according to figures from the House of Commons published in November 2014, there were at the time 252,000 working families from the European Union claiming tax credits, the main type of in-work benefit.
Working tax credits are payments designed to top up the income of those in low-paid jobs and who work a minimum number of hours.
The report suggested there were also 48,000 single people from EU countries claiming tax credits.
Mr Cameron says he has already taken action to restrict access to out-of-work benefits for EU nationals and was confident of agreement on stopping them claiming child benefit for dependants living abroad.
Downing Street sources urged caution over reports of any breakthrough, saying Friday's talks would look at the "totality" of the renegotiations, not just migration and welfare.
Mr Cameron is also due to have a working dinner with European Council President Donald Tusk in Downing Street over the weekend, and will hold talks with German Chancellor Angela Merkel before an EU summit on 18 February.
Referendum timeline: What will happen when?
Guide: All you need to know about the referendum
Q&A: What does Britain want from Europe?
More: BBC News EU referendum special

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For example, '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Nearly a million ADHD prescriptions were handed out last year in England - a figure that has more than doubled in the last decade, NHS figures show.\nThe Cochrane Group looked at 185 drug trials involving more than 12,000 children or adolescents.\nCommon side effects included loss of appetite and sleeplessness.\nThe international researchers said this did not mean that the drugs are not useful - the Cochrane findings suggest they do help children concentrate at school - but any benefits must be closely weighed against the risk of side effects.\nAnd better studies are needed to help doctors do this, they said.\nThe Cochrane research, intended to inform policymakers and doctors, looked at children aged three to 18 living in the UK, the US and Canada.\nAmong the children who received the active drug, on average, 526 in every 1,000 experienced unpleasant side-effects, compared with 408 per 1,000 of those in the control group given a dummy pill or no medication - meaning a 29% increased risk of side effects for the children on Ritalin (methylphenidate).\nThe risk of serious adverse events was extremely low.\nBut it was difficult to predict who might experience more common, unpleasant side effects.\n"Despite more than 50 years of research in the field, we have no knowledge on how to identify patients that may obtain more benefits than harms," said the researchers.\nThey recommend more studies to better spot when side effects might occur.\nCo-author, Dr Morris Zwi, consultant child & adolescent psychiatrist, added: "Our expectations of this treatment are probably greater than they should be, and whilst our review shows some evidence of benefit, we should bear in mind that this finding was based on very low-quality evidence.\n"What we still need are large, well-conducted trials in order to clarify the risks versus the benefits for this widely used treatment."\nDr Daniel Hawcutt, from the British Pharmacological Society, advised parents with questions or concerns to get in contact with their doctor.\n"But there is no reason to immediately discontinue this medicine," he said.\nDr Tony Lloyd, from the charity ADHD Foundation, said drug treatment should be used only as an adjunct to behavioural therapies, as recommended by NHS guidelines. But he said this was not happening.\n"The fact of the matter is that in the UK medication is the first line of treatment and pretty much the only line of treatment. That needs to change."\nHe said ADHD was still under-recognised and under-treated in the UK.']' should be close to '['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', 'Stimulant drugs like Ritalin should be used judiciously in hyperactive children because they can have unpleasant side effects, say experts.']'

David Cameron is facing calls to allow his top team the freedom to campaign for in or out without being sacked.
But former Deputy Prime Minister Lord Heseltine said that would make Mr Cameron a global "laughing stock".
He told BBC Radio 4's Today programme ministers who defied the PM on the issue should resign.
Mr Cameron has promised to hold an in-out referendum on EU membership before the end of 2017, once he has secured reforms to Britain's relationship with the 28 member bloc.
He has not ruled out campaigning for an exit - but is likely to recommend Britain remains in the EU when he returns from Brussels with a deal on his four reform demands.
Lord Heseltine, who has long campaigned for Britain to stay in the EU and remains an influential behind-the-scenes voice in the government, said  it would be "naive" to imagine ministers on different sides of the debate could sit around the cabinet table "happily smiling" at one another.
"There is a collective loyalty and the consequence of having a free vote, if you like, would be that the divisions, the divisiveness, the bitterness that would flow would actually, in my view, make the prime minister's position very difficult.
"If they feel so strongly then they should resign, although it is quite difficult for me to understand how they're in the cabinet in the first place."
Conservative MP John Redwood hit back at Lord Heseltine's comments, telling BBC News: "I don't think he understands how well people get on with each other."
The veteran Eurosceptic said it would be "quite easy" for the cabinet to have a free vote and be "professional and come back together again".
About "half a dozen" cabinet members believe "pretty strongly" Mr Cameron's EU deal "won't be good enough" and will join the leave campaign, said Mr Redwood.
And he predicted Mr Cameron would want to resign if Britain voted for exit, making way for a Conservative leader "who believes in leave" and could negotiate a favourable trade deal for the UK outside the EU.
Eurosceptic former environment secretary Owen Paterson also called for cabinet ministers to be given a free vote.
The Conservative MP said the referendum was the biggest decision facing the British people in 500 years and said it was "wholly incredible" that ministers would want to keep the country in an EU that was already pushing it to the margins.
"Personally, I think they should keep their jobs. If they are not allowed to campaign from within the cabinet they should resign."
The prime minister said on Friday the UK would "fundamentally change" its relationship with the EU in 2016, following talks with fellow leaders in Brussels.
He is aiming to get a deal at a meeting of EU leaders in February, with a referendum to follow - current speculation is that could be held in June or July.
Several well-known government figures are thought to be flirting with an out vote, including Iain Duncan Smith, Theresa May and Boris Johnson.
Mr Cameron has held face-to-face talks with ministers including Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers and Justice Secretary Michael Gove in an attempt to maintain unity ahead of the referendum, according to The Times.
The main sticking point in talks with other EU leaders is Mr Cameron's demand for non-EU workers to be barred from claiming in-work benefits for four years.
Downing Street ruled out making the rules apply to UK citizens - one of the suggested compromises - after official analysis found that as many as 300,000 Britons could lose out.
"We are not considering any option that would affect this number of British citizens," a Number 10 spokesman said.
"The proposal on the table remains the one of limiting in-work benefits to EU migrants for four years with the aim of reducing the pull factors that have attracted such vast numbers of Europeans to the UK in recent years."
About 50,000 home-grown workers would be affected if it was based instead on a residency test - but even that is reported to be opposed by some in the Cabinet, including Mr Duncan Smith.
Q&A: What Britain wants from Europe
Guide to the UK's planned in-out EU referendum
BBC News EU referendum special report


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: After suffering a crushing defeat in the first round of the French presidential election, can the party of Francois Mitterrand survive?

Socialists are romantics.
They love their icons and their rituals.
They get attached to history.
They believe in the continuity of the fight.
They see themselves carrying a torch lit first by the heroes of the past, in their beards and their bowlers.
For Socialists, the party has a meaning that goes beyond the ups and downs of electoral fortune.
It structures their thoughts, and it conditions their friendships.
In a way that transcends mere politics, it plays a real part in their lives.
To live in a world where the party no longer mattered - that would be a truncated, an empty form of existence.
And yet in France today - if you believe some of the commentators - it is the very survival of the Socialist Party (PS) that is now at stake.
And the faithful are bereft.
The signs of mortality are certainly strong.
In the presidential election, the Socialist candidate, Benoit Hamon, was knocked out in round one, with just 6.36% of the vote.
The score was the lowest achieved by a Socialist candidate since Gaston Defferre's 5.1% in 1969.
Worse, Mr Hamon was not just overtaken, he was trounced by another candidate of the left, Jean-Luc Melenchon, of the radical La France Insoumise (France Unbowed).
Mr Melenchon got 19.6% and more than seven million votes - three times the PS score.
Today, he enjoys a popularity nationwide that far exceeds that of any Socialist leader.
And on the party's other flank, there is another danger: the new presidency of Emmanuel Macron.
Mr Macron may not look like a Socialist, but the left is where his political feelings lie.
That is why he chose to work under Francois Hollande, a Socialist president.
The maps that show how France voted and why
French ex-PM Manuel Valls wants to be Macron MP
BBC Newsday: Socialists say how they got it wrong
Now that Emmanuel Macron has his own party up and running - La Republique en Marche (REM) - there is suddenly another powerful rival vying for votes.
The PS finds itself caught in a classic casse-noisette (nutcracker).
On both sides are powerful new "movements" set up in deliberate counterpoint to the old party system.
At the forthcoming parliamentary elections, if voters want social-radical, they'll pick Mr Melenchon.
If they want social-liberal, they'll pick Mr Macron.
The space in the middle is shrinking to insignificance.
All of which would be more easily surmountable, if the Socialist Party itself was in any shape to mount a comeback.
But the PS is torn between factions that themselves reflect the changing outward perspective.
On the one hand, there are those figures willing to work in alliance with Mr Macron's REM.
The most extreme example is former Prime Minister Manuel Valls, who has described the PS as "dead" and more or less torn up his party card.
At the other end are leaders - such as the ex-candidate Benoit Hamon - who dream of forming a new left-wing opposition to the Macron presidency, in alliance with ecologists and Mr Melenchon's radicals.
And in the middle are people who argue for a watching brief, supporting or opposing Mr Macron according to the issue.
The point is that no clear line is emerging from the top, so the PS is going into the legislatives not just demoralised but also leaderless and incoherent.
Small wonder the party fears a wipeout.
For some analysts, what is happening is the end of a historical cycle that goes back nearly 50 years - to the 1969 annihilation, in fact, of Gaston Defferre and the regenerative shock that gave to the French left.
In 1969, the Socialist Party in France did not exist.
Instead, there was the French Section of the Workers International (SFIO), which was Mr Defferre's party, plus smaller parties linked to Francois Mitterrand and Michel Rocard.
And of course, the biggest party of the left - the Communists.
But the 1969 result triggered a series of changes, culminating in the much-mythologised Congress of Epinay two years later, in which Mr Mitterrand engineered a union of the disparate groups and founded the modern-day PS.
By entering a strategic agreement with the Communists - and introducing them to his government in 1981 - he then succeeded in emasculating the far left.
And the course of French socialist history was set for a generation.
But at the heart of the Mitterrand legacy was a contradiction - between dogma and reality, utopia and the free market.
Mr Mitterrand, with his imposing personality and cynical use of the powers vested in him as president, was able to surmount that gap.
But no-one since has lived up to his example.
All that successive leaders could do was paper over the cracks.
Mr Hollande was a master of this art of political "synthesis".
As long as a form of words could be adduced, then all sides were satisfied and the grail of Socialist unity was assured. Till now.
So is this historic phase now drawing to a close?
One argument says yes.
The old party system is already breaking down.
Social media and post-modern politics are changing the relationship between voter and candidate.
Party structures are cumbersome and unreactive.
Other parties in history have disappeared.
Once upon a time there was a French Radical Party that was one of the most powerful in the land.
Now, it barely registers. Ditto the SFIO.
The PS could similarly shut down, many argue, and the world of political ideas would be none the poorer.
But let us not be hasty.
New politics may be all the rage today, but who knows what lies ahead?
Sentiment and tradition still count for something - and the rose and the fist was a mighty icon.
The PS is not dead yet.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Mr Philippe, 46, is not from the president's new centrist party but from the centre-right Republicans.
The choice is seen as an attempt to draw in key figures from both the right and left of French politics.
On his first full day as president, Mr Macron later travelled to Berlin where he was welcomed by German Chancellor Angela Merkel.
He was greeted with full military honours.
At a press conference, the French and German leaders later said they would work together on defence co-operation, reforming the eurozone and reducing bureaucracy.
Ms Merkel said the EU depended on France being strong, and said that she and Mr Macron shared a "joint conviction that we are not only going to deal with the British exit from the European Union, but we also need to deepen the EU".
She had previously  sounded caution on Mr Macron's eurozone proposals, saying: "There are many proposals which have been on the table for years. Of course, I will discuss this with him and I will say let's be open, so we can achieve things together, not get stuck on what can't be done."
A finance ministry spokeswoman was less diplomatic about the chances of progress on eurozone reform, pointing out it would require treaty change "which is at the moment not realistic".
Speaking specifically about France, Mr Macron said he would work towards social, economic and educational reforms in the next few months.
The naming of a new prime minister, Mr Macron's first big appointment, came after hours of fevered speculation in France and a day after he was inaugurated as president.
Already tipped as favourite for the job, Edouard Philippe, mayor of the northern port city of Le Havre, has long been close to Alain Juppé, who was runner-up in the race for the Republican presidential nomination in November 2016.
Not a widely known politician in France, he has for years been seen as Alain Juppé's right-hand man and backed his unsuccessful 2016 bid to secure the centre-right presidential nomination. He quit the Republican campaign when the chosen candidate, François Fillon, was engulfed in a "fake jobs" investigation.
Earlier this year he likened Mr Macron's treatment of his earlier mentor, President François Hollande, to Brutus's despatch of Julius Caesar.
Before he became mayor of Le Havre, he worked in the private sector and co-wrote a political thriller with Gilles Boyer, who went on to run the Juppé campaign.
Several weeks ago, Mr Macron tweeted that he was keen on selecting a woman prime minister, and there was some disappointment on social media that he had so far failed to choose a woman for any cabinet role.
In Mr Philippe's own Republican party, reaction to his appointment was mixed. Alain Juppé praised the new prime minister as a man of "great talent". Another leading Republican, Bruno Le Maire, welcomed the appointment as an attempt to overcome old political divisions.
But party secretary-general Bernard Accoyer said there was no political agreement between the two parties. "Will this new prime minister support the president's En Marche candidates... or the candidates of his political family?" he asked.
Another Republican, Eric Ciotti, accused the new prime minister of taking part in Mr Macron's bid to "destabilise" the centre right.
President Macron faces crucial parliamentary elections next month and may need the support of the centre right to push through his planned economic reforms.
His new party, La République en Marche (Republic on the move), announced last week a list of 428 candidates for the June vote, half of whom were women. Only 5% were MPs in the outgoing French parliament - and those MPs were all from the Socialist left.


Question: represent the natural language

Question: Chinese mobile phone giant Xiaomi has said it will not disclose how many handsets it sold in 2016 after claiming it had grown "too fast".

The world's fourth largest phone marker shipped 71 million devices in 2015 - up from 6.6 million in 2012.
But it experienced weaker demand in the past 12 months, with third-quarter sales down 27%, according to analysts.
Experts say Chinese phone makers are struggling in an increasingly competitive global market.
In an open letter to staff, Xiaomi's chief executive Lei Jun said: "In the first few years, we pushed ahead too fast.
"We created a miracle, but also drew on some long-term growth.
"So we have to slow down, further improve in some areas and ensure sustainable growth for a long-term future."
Since launching its first phone in 2011, Xiaomi has expanded rapidly, with sales surging to 57.6 million by 2014, according to market trackers IDC.
But the privately-held firm only sold 39 million phones in the first nine months of 2016, and its full-year sales are unlikely to match 2015's.
The firm, which also sells appliances and runs retail stores, admitted in November it still made no profit from its phones.
Francisco Jeronimo, a research director at IDC, told the BBC: "Chinese phone makers are all facing the same problems.
"The overall smartphone market globally is very tough and not growing, so what they need to do is attract clients away from other brands.
"But they are not that well known, especially outside China, which makes it hard to compete against the likes of Apple and Samsung."
It comes after rival Chinese smartphone business, LeEco, also claimed it had grown too quickly in November.
In a letter to his staff, founder Jia Yueting said the company was consequently facing cash-flow problems and difficulty raising funds.
Despite Xiaomi's challenges, Mr Jun said he was optimistic about the future.
In his letter he claimed the firm's Indian sales hit $1bn (Â£816m) for the first time in 2016, while sales of its smart appliances reached $2.2bn (Â£1.8bn).
He also said Xiaomi had applied for more than 16,000 patents around the world, of which 3,612 had been granted.
"Only by constant innovation will we be able to introduce breakthrough products in the intensely competitive high-end smartphone market," he said.

In its pre-earnings guidance, the firm forecast an operating profit of 5.2tn Korean won ($4.74bn; Â£3.14bn) for the three months to December.
Analysts had expected an operating profit guidance of about 5tn won.
Shares in the firm, which is the world's largest TV and mobile manufacturer, were up in early morning trade in South Korea on the news.
The firm's final fourth-quarter earnings are expected later this month.
Samsung has been struggling of late against cheaper electronics manufactures, especially in China, which is the world's largest smartphone market.
In particular, its flagship Galaxy smartphone line has been losing market share to cheaper models.
The firm said its quarterly sales would probably come to approximately 52tn won, up from 47tn won in the earlier quarter and in line with most expectations.
Analysts agree competition in the smartphone market, particularly in Asia, has become more intense than ever.
Chinese handset maker Xiaomi, with which Samsung competes on the domestic front in China, said on Monday it had more than doubled its revenue in 2014, just a week after it was named the world's most valuable tech start-up.
"Xiaomi has proven to be very, very successful and is number one in China already," Frost & Sullivan's Andrew Milroy told the BBC.
"More than that, the firm has come from nothing in the last couple of years, so Samsung has to start being more competitive."
Mr Milroy said the South Korean electronics giant  had to focus on innovation in order to get ahead.
"It's not come out with anything spectacularly innovative recently," he said.
"Its new models are basically an improvement of existing products, but they pride themselves on being innovative, so they really have to start focusing on that to stay in the game."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Shining laser pens at pilots, train and bus drivers, and other transport operators, will become a specific offence under government proposals.

The Department for Transport says offenders face fines of thousands of pounds or a jail sentence.
Since 2009 there have been about 1,500 attacks per year on aircraft.
A 2010 law introduced protections for pilots. The new legislation widens the protection while increasing penalties.
People currently convicted of "shining a light at an aircraft in flight so as to dazzle or distract the pilot" face fines of up to Â£2,500 under the Air Navigation Order.
If the distraction is deemed to be serious, offenders may face prosecution for reckless endangerment, which carries a prison sentence.
A DfT spokesman said: "This new law will make it even safer for aircraft travel as well as passengers using buses, taxis and trains."
He added the current law means police have to prove a person endangered the aircraft when committing the offence of shining a laser, while the new law will mean that police will only have to prove the offence of shining the laser.
Transport Secretary Chris Grayling said: "Shining a laser pointer at pilots or drivers is incredibly dangerous and could have fatal consequences.
"Whilst we know laser pens can be fun and many users have good intentions, some are not aware of the risks of dazzling drivers or pilots putting public safety at risk."
The first laser attack on an aircraft was reported in 2004 with more than 200 incidents annually by 2008.
The rate has increased substantially in recent years and similar attacks have been reported on train and bus drivers.
Steve Landells, flight safety specialist at the British Airline Pilots Association said: "Any move to give the police and authorities more powers to tackle this real and growing threat to flight safety is a good thing, and we are pleased that the government has included action on lasers in this bill."
In February 2016, a New York-bound plane was forced to turn back to London Heathrow Airport when a a laser beam hit the cockpit after take off, causing a "medical issue" for one of the pilots.
The incident prompted the British Airline Pilots Association to call on the government to classify laser pointers as offensive weapons, a plea later echoed by the Civil Aviation Authority.
The DfT said the new powers and penalties will be outlined in upcoming legislation.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Examples:

"['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The bank said it aimed to raise $5.1bn through the rights issue and would cut 15,000 jobs by 2018.\nThe news came as Standard Chartered announced a third-quarter pre-tax loss of $139m for the three months to September.\nAfter falling for much of the day, the FTSE 100 index closed higher.\nIt rose by 0.34%, or 21.81 points, to 6,383.61, boosted by oil firms and miners, helped by a rise in the price of crude oil.\nShares in housebuilders fell after broker Liberum cut its ratings on a number of companies in the sector arguing valuations were "too optimistic".\nTaylor Wimpey fell 5%, Barratt Developments dropped 3.85% and Persimmon was 2.4% lower.\nOn the currency markets, the pound fell 0.11% against the dollar to $1.540 but rose 0.55% against the euro to â‚¬1.4074.']" == "['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', '(Close): Standard Chartered was the biggest faller on the market, dropping 8.7% after the Asia-focused bank announced plans for a big rights issue.']"

There were no injuries in the incident in which the drone hit the wheel and then a table as it fell to the ground.
The incident has added weight to calls to introduce national registers for the unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
The US has started up a register while the Irish Aviation Authority (IAA) has just announced similar plans for UAVs weighing over 1kg.
The area on Seattle's Pier 57 is understood to be a no-fly zone.
Drone or unmanned aerial  vehicle (UAVs) usage is skyrocketing with the Federal Aviation Administration estimating that by 2020 in the US there will be approximately 30,000 commercial drones in use and many more civilian devices.
Last month the US Department of Transportation and the FAA announced that they were preparing a registration scheme that would allow them to "track down people who fly drones above the FAA designated-altitudes, or get too close to airports and other restricted zones".
In Ireland, from 21 December, all drones weighing over 1kg must be registered while in the UK the House of Lords EU Committee have called for the compulsory registration of all commercial and civilian drones.
Drone crashes are increasingly hitting the headlines:
Drone use has raised privacy and security questions too. When a quadcopter drone crashed into the White House lawn in January, it caused minor panic until it emerged that the operator was a government employee.
As the number of drone-related accidents increases, so drone liability has emerged as a field of law and drone injury lawyers are setting up websites to help people who have been "injured by drone".