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Question: United States long jumper Marquise Goodwin has accepted a one-year ban from the US Anti-Doping Agency but is free to play for the San Francisco 49ers in the NFL this season.

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Former Olympian Goodwin, 26, says he quit athletics "more than a year ago" to focus on American football and therefore stopped giving Usada his whereabouts for testing.
However, a Usada spokesperson told BBC Sport Goodwin submitted his whereabouts for the first quarter of 2017.
Usada therefore attempted to test him on 17 January, resulting in a missed test - his second whereabouts failure - while the body conducted an out of competition test on Goodwin in his capacity as a track and field athlete on 12 May.
Goodwin's first whereabouts failure occurred when he failed to submit his fourth quarter 2016 filings by the deadline.
His third failure came when he did not supply his second quarter 2017 filings in time.
Under the whereabouts system, athletes must specify where they will be for one hour a day, seven days a week, for three months in advance, as well as where they will be training each day.
A missed test or filing failure constitutes a whereabouts failure and any combination of three breaches in a 12-month period is considered an anti-doping violation.
For Goodwin, who finished 10th in the long jump at London 2012 and has played in the NFL as a wide receiver since 2013, this has resulted in a one-year ban from 1 April 2017, the date of his third whereabouts failure.
In a statement, Goodwin said: "I discontinued all practices associated with competing in track and field, including submitting my whereabouts information.
"It appears that because I did not inform Usada of my plans, my name was inadvertently included in their 2017 testing pool."
Usada says Goodwin, who missed out on selection for Rio 2016 at US trials in July last year, has still not informed it in writing as required that he would like to retire from athletics, despite "multiple opportunities over months" to do so.
As an elite track and field athlete he was therefore entered into the world athletics' governing body (IAAF)/Usada registered testing pool.
"He sometimes filed his whereabouts, he was tested and he never informed us - despite being told in writing and through on-line education that he needed to inform us - that he wished to retire or otherwise not participate in the sport," said a Usada spokesperson.
Usada says Goodwin submitted a whereabouts form in the second quarter of 2017 and it conducted an out of competition test in May.
"We always ensure athletes are aware that we are the organisation conducting the tests," said a Usada spokesperson. "We are not involved with the NFL drug testing program."
Usada added they confirmed Goodwin's first whereabouts failure with him and, as with all such cases, notified him in writing that he was still in the registered testing pool.
"What is disappointing is that he was informed he needed to either provide his whereabouts and be available for testing or retire from the sport if he was no longer competing," said Usada.
"He had multiple opportunities over months to do this and was well educated on these procedures but he chose not to do either, and as a result was not able to be tested.
"This is clearly not ideal for us from a testing standpoint."
Goodwin will not be subject to a ban under NFL rules, the 49ers say.
The NFL is not a signatory of Usada or the World Anti-Doping Code and has its own performance-enhancing substances policy.
Goodwin was drafted by the Buffalo Bills in 2013, playing 49 games in four seasons before signing a two-year deal with the 49ers in March 2017.
In a statement, the 49ers said: "Marquise informed the organisation some time ago that he has no intentions of competing in track and field and has been entirely focused on his football career for more than a year."
"We have been in touch with the League office regarding this matter, and understand that Marquise will not be subject to discipline under the NFL policy on performance-enhancing substances as a result of Usada's decision."
Goodwin, who won the Diamond League event in Birmingham in June 2016, added he has never failed a test and has always been "compliant with each and every protocol and policy" during his competitive athletics career.

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At 17, Ebner became the youngest player to play for the US rugby sevens team.
He was drafted into the NFL after university, joining the New England Patriots in 2012, and helped them win the Super Bowl three years later.
In March, the 27-year-old decided to take a leave of absence from American football to concentrate on gaining an Olympic place.
Ebner, who has just signed a new contract with the Patriots, will rejoin the NFL side after the conclusion of the Games on 11 August.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.


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Question: Parents who bought their children laptops, tablets and smart phones for Christmas are being urged to talk to them about online safety.

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Childline was contacted by 85 children in Wales about online sexual abuse during 2015-16 - contributing to a 24% rise in UK calls compared to 2014-15.
Online sexual abuse includes grooming, sexting and performing sex acts on webcams.
The NSPCC said it can cause children to feel "guilty and ashamed".
Some children contacted Childline because they felt "trapped by their situation", while others were being blackmailed or were considering meeting up in person.
A 14-year-old girl told Childline that she had met a man through social media.
"He told me I was beautiful and I felt that I could talk to him about everything," she said.
"He asked me for some topless photos which I didn't think was a big deal, so I sent him a few. But now he's turned really nasty and is threatening to post them online if I don't send him more.
"I'm really worried and embarrassed and I don't know what to do."
The NSPCC recommends parents talk regularly and openly with their children about online safety and learn how to spot signs of inappropriate behaviour and how to report it.
Head of NSPCC Wales, Des Mannion, said the internet can be a "fantastic place for children to socialise, explore their interests and learn" but parents should be aware that there are risks.
"In the last year we've seen a staggering rise in online sexual abuse, with many children turning to Childline when the situation has escalated," he said.
"Often groomers will use devious tactics to lure in young people and manipulate them into situations that leave them feeling frightened and ashamed."

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Media playback is unsupported on your device
10 February 2015 Last updated at 17:00 GMT
The app will let your parents see which websites you have been looking at, which games you have been playing and for how long.
It even has a feature which means your parents can look at the pictures you're taking, and the messages you send and receive.
It also has a tracking GPS device which means your parents will know where you are.
The inventors think this will help parents to better protect their children online, but some see it as an invasion of privacy.
We spoke to some kids to see what they think about it...


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Question: Greg Norman is recovering in hospital after almost losing his left hand in a chainsaw accident.

The 59-year-old Australian, who won the Open in 1986 and 1993, posted a picture of himself recovering at a US hospital.
The former world number one, who last week posted a photo of himself cutting back a small tree, tweeted: "Working with a chainsaw ALWAYS be respectful of the unexpected.
"I was one lucky man today. Damaged but not down & out. Still have left hand."
Norman, nicknamed The (Great White) Shark because of his distinctive blond hair and aggressive style of play, led the world rankings for a total of 331 weeks in the 1980s and 1990s.
As well as his major wins at Turnberry and Royal St George's, he finished runner-up in two US Opens, a pair of US PGAs and three Masters.
In 1996 he famously blew a six-shot lead at Augusta to hand victory to England's Nick Faldo.

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Harri Jones, 18, from Wrexham, is at a hospital in Stoke-on-Trent after money was raised to fly him to the UK. He is said to be responding to questions and has moved his arms and legs.
He suffered a fractured skull and cheekbone, and lost sight in one eye following last month's accident.
It was on the first night of his first holiday abroad with friends in Kavos.


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Question: A billboard that attracts and kills mosquitoes has been designed by marketing agencies in Brazil.

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The board releases a mixture of a lactic acid solution that mimics the smell of human sweat and carbon dioxide, which is in human breath.
Its inventors have released the blueprint for free and are encouraging people around the world to make them.
However, one expert warned it could attract insects to areas where there are many humans.
The two companies behind the Mosquito Killer Board, Posterscope and NBS, believe it could help in the fight against the Zika virus, which is carried by mosquitoes.
The insects are drawn to the aroma from the board from a distance of up to 2.5km away, the board's inventors say.
They are then trapped inside it and can be seen in the message it bears, which explains its purpose.
So far, they have installed two of the Mosquito Killer Billboards in Rio de Janeiro, in Brazil.
The firms will not be selling the advertising space inside the billboard.
"It's impressive how many mosquitoes you can trap and how many lives you can save with this idea," Otto Frossard from Posterscope told the BBC.
Mr Frossard added that the board would cost "a few thousand Reals" (1,000 Brazilian Reals is $280/Â£194) to make.
"I think anything that can be done to reduce the prevalence of the mosquito is a good thing," said Dr Chris Jackson, a pest control expert at the University of Southampton.
"Particularly devices like this that attract and kill females that feed on blood, as it is only female mosquitoes that bite," he explained.
Dr Jackson said that, while the science behind the billboard was effective, putting them in public places and attracting human attention - as well as insects - could be a problem.
"I do have a few concerns," he told the BBC.
"Maybe if it was not in a high-density place, where people are sitting perhaps with exposed legs... otherwise, you're pulling in hungry mosquitoes and providing them with exposed human flesh."

Gun fired from a moving car during a live broadcast on Periscope
A live broadcast on Periscope, the Twitter-owned video app, showed two men driving to a house apparently in search of one of their girlfriends. Encouraged by online comments, one of them fired a gun from a moving car. The two men were later arrested.
Burning Man 2015 begins with some live tweeting
The Burning Man festival takes place this week, and in what is seen by some as an unwelcome recent addition, full mobile phone signal is available at the Black Rock site in Nevada. It's an event open for people from all walks of life. Tickets $390.
Swans help create smoother camera drone videos
Researchers at Stanford University have taken inspiration from the graceful flight of swans to develop new techniques for ultra-stable video recording from drones.
Pokemon's copyright lawyers wipe out themed PAX pre-party
A Pokemon-themed party night, due to take place ahead of last week's Pax gaming conference in Seattle, was cancelled after a copyright claim from The Pokemon Company. The event was promoted with posters featuring Pokemon characters.
Follow Dave Lee on Twitter @DaveLeeBBC


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Question: Coastguards in Kirkwall have been been honoured with a prestigious award for a rescue operation.

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The Maritime and Coastguard Agency (MCA) recognised the Orkney team for the operation which saved the lives of two females in Inganess Bay.
Team member Allan Corse swam out 70m carrying a line which was then pulled in by his colleagues on shore.
The whole team was presented with the Rescue Shield by Charles Ball, the MCA's head of coastal operations.
The two rescued females were described as being minutes from death when rescued.
Mr Corse was checked out in hospital after inhaling sea water during the rescue but suffered no ill-effects.

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Helmsman Derek Pusey steered the boat into a narrow gully within rocks to rescue the two men, who were in danger of being swept out to sea.
Clive Williams swam out to reach the men in their 60s, gave them lifejackets and waited with them during a very difficult rescue.
Both men from Cardigan received honours from the Shipwrecked Mariners' Society.
They had been sent to rescue two men, stranded high up on a ledge in steep rocks at Tresaith in September 2013.
Mr Williams was frequently pushed under water by the breaking waves as he tried to reach them and was knocked from the rocks several times.
He stayed with the cold and distressed men until they were taken ashore to Aberporth.
At one stage during the rescue, a powerful wave broke over the reef pushing the lifeboat towards the cliffs with significant force.
Mr Pusey managed to regain control and rapidly return the second casualty to safety.
He received The Lady Swaythling Trophy, awarded annually for an outstanding feat of seamanship, while Mr Williams got an individual commendation.
The helmsman of a second lifeboat Leonard Walters, who steered as close to the cliffs as possible in rough seas, has already received a framed letter of thanks from the RNLI chairman.
The society's chief executive Commodore Malcolm Williams said: "This rescue required an exceptional act of courage and ability.
"Despite technological advances we still rely on the bravery of rescue crews and individuals to help those in danger around our coast. "


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Question: Hull have been charged for failing to control their players during the 2-0 Premier League defeat at Arsenal.

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The Football Association charge relates to an incident "in or around" the 55th minute of the game, when Arsenal full-back Kieran Gibbs was booked for a foul on Hull winger Lazar Markovic.
The FA said Hull allegedly failed to ensure their players conducted themselves in an orderly fashion.
Hull have until 18:00 GMT on Friday, 17 February to respond.

Francis, 31, was dismissed for a tackle on Aaron Ramsey as the Gunners came from 3-0 down to rescue a point.
Cherries boss Eddie Howe called referee Michael Oliver's decision "harsh".
Francis will miss Saturday's FA Cup third-round tie at League One side Millwall as well as Premier League games against Hull and Watford.
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Question: Kurt Masur, the German conductor who led the New York Philharmonic orchestra, has died in the US at the age of 88.

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Philharmonic President Matthew VanBesien said Masur had "left a legacy that lives on today".
Masur was music director of the philharmonic from 1991-2002 and is credited with reinvigorating it.
Prior to that he led the Leipzig Gewandhaus Orchestra in eastern Germany for 26 years.
In the celebrations marking the reunification of Germany on 3 October 1990 he directed Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
As the East German regime collapsed in the 1980s, Masur was credited with using his influence to help prevent a bloody crackdown on pro-democracy protesters.
Many thought he should become East Germany's first post-Communist  leader but instead he moved to the US.
Masur's death on Saturday was announced by the New York Philharmonic.
"It is with the deepest sadness that I write on behalf of the Masur family and the New York Philharmonic that Kurt Masur - our inspiring music director, 1991-2002, and music director emeritus - passed away," Mr VanBesien said.
"What we remember most vividly is Masur's profound belief in music as an expression of humanism. We felt this powerfully in the wake of 9/11, when he led the philharmonic in a moving performance of Brahms's Ein Deutsches Requiem and musicians from the orchestra gave free chamber concerts around Ground Zero.
"Today, New Yorkers still experience this humanist mark through the popular Annual Free Memorial Day Concert, which he introduced."
Masur served as the principal conductor of the London Philharmonic between 2000 and 2007, after which he became honorary musical director at the Paris-based National Orchestra of France.
In April 2012 he fell off the stage while conducting the National Orchestra of France in Paris and was treated in hospital.
The same year, after cancelling several concert engagements, he revealed on his website that he was suffering from Parkinson's disease.
Masur was born in 1927 in Lower Silesia, Germany - now part of Poland - and studied piano, composition and conducting in Leipzig, Saxony.
He is survived by his third wife, Tomoko, a soprano from Japan, and five children.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article
For instance, <<['represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary\nExamples:\n\n\n"Media playback is not supported on this device\nCeltic\'s 2-0 win over Hearts ensured the champions finished with 34 wins and four draws from their 38 games.\nHaving already beaten Aberdeen to win the League Cup, they face the Dons in next Saturday\'s Scottish Cup final.\n"If we bring our A-game, the treble will be the last piece of the puzzle," Griffiths told BBC Scotland.\n"We\'ve been talking about the treble quietly, but as professionals, it\'s the old cliché - we need to take it one game at a time.\nMedia playback is not supported on this device\n"But as the season went on, we just kept getting stronger and stronger. It was a fitting tribute today in front of the home fans."\nThe striker, who has scored 18 goals in all competitions this season, says manager Brendan Rodgers has been instrumental in Celtic\'s prolific success.\n"I don\'t think anybody would\'ve thought we\'d have gone the season unbeaten," Griffiths, 26, said. "But it just shows the character and mentality we\'ve got in that dressing room.\n"It\'s all down to the gaffer - he\'s instilled that from day one, and we can see why he\'s managed at the top in England.\n"I didn\'t think in my wildest teams it would be possible for a team to go unbeaten a whole season, but we just try to keep pushing on."\nManager Rodgers, in his first season at the club, said it was an "incredible achievement" for his players to remain unbeaten on their way to the title, the first Scottish team to do so across a 38-game league season.\nNo team had stayed unbeaten for a season in Scotland\'s top flight since Rangers did so in 1888-89, over an 18-game season.\n"The group have worked so hard for all the records they have broken, and they thoroughly deserve it," the former Liverpool boss said. "It\'s been a great season.\n"You come in and plan to win. However, to perform like we\'ve done is truly remarkable. The club is very much together as one.\n"It\'s an incredible achievement. I am a Celtic supporter so I know what it feels like. The fans\' enjoyment is the most important thing for me and I think they have a good feeling."\nThe league finale may prove to be Patrick Roberts\' final outing at Celtic Park, with the Manchester City winger\'s loan spell expiring at the end of the season.\n"I\'m not going to say anything about my future," Roberts said. "I\'m just going to enjoy today, enjoy being invincible, and once we\'ve done that we\'ll prepare for the (Scottish Cup) final.\n"I can\'t say much because I don\'t know what\'s going to happen. This is an unbelievable club, for me it\'s up there with the greatest, and I have had the pleasure of playing for them. I just want to say thanks to these beautiful fans."" == "Leigh Griffiths says a domestic treble will be "the last piece of the puzzle" for Celtic after they completed an unbeaten Scottish Premiership campaign."', '1st century BC - Central Asia, including present-day Uzbekistan, forms an important part of the overland trade routes known as the Great Silk Road linking China with the Middle East and imperial Rome.\nBukhara: Centre of Islamic culture on the Silk Road\n2000: UN plans \'virtual Silk Road\'\n7th-8th centuries - Arabs conquer the area and convert its inhabitants to Islam.\n9th-10th centuries - Persian Samanid dynasty becomes dominant and develops Bukhara as important centre of Islamic culture. As it declines, Turkic hordes compete to fill the vacuum.\n13th-14th centuries - Central Asia conquered by Genghis Khan and becomes part of Mongol empire.\n14th century - Mongol-Turkic ruler Tamerlane establishes empire with Samarkand as its capital.\n18th-19th centuries Rise of independent emirates and khanates of Bukhara, Kokand and Samarkand.\n1865-76 - Russians take Tashkent and make it capital of Turkestan, incorporating vast areas of Central Asia. They also annex emirate of Bukhara and khanates of Samarkand, Khiva and Kokand.\n1917 - Tashkent Soviet established following Bolshevik revolution in Russia.\n1920 - Tashkent Soviet ousts emir of Bukhara and other khans.\n1918-22 - New Communist rulers close down mosques and persecute Muslim clergy as part of secularization campaign.\n1921-24 - Reorganisation of regional states results in the creation of Uzbekistan and its neighbours.\n1930s - Soviet leader Stalin purges independent-minded Uzbek leaders, replacing them with Moscow loyalists.\nWomen sell bread at a market in the ancient city of Samarkand, resting place of Tamerlane the Great\n2000: Uzbekistan restores Timurid legacy\n1944 - Some 160,000 Meskhetian Turks deported from Georgia to Uzbekistan by Joseph Stalin.\n1950s-80s - Cotton production boosted by major irrigation projects which, however, contribute to the drying up of the Aral Sea.\n1966 - Devastating earthquake destroys much of capital Tashkent.\n1970s-1980s - Uzbek Communist chief Sharaf Rashidov ensures the promotion of ethnic Uzbek over Russian officials. He falsifies cotton harvest figures in scandal exposed under Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev\'s policy of glasnost.\n1989 - Islam Karimov becomes leader of Uzbek Communist Party.\nViolent attacks take place against Meskhetian Turks and other minorities in the Fergana Valley. Nationalist movement Birlik founded.\n1990 - Communist Party of Uzbekistan declares economic and political sovereignty. Islam Karimov becomes president.\nTashkent was rebuilt after an earthquake in 1966\n1991 - Karimov initially supports the attempted anti-Gorbachev coup by conservatives in Moscow. Uzbekistan declares independence and, following the collapse of the USSR, joins the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS).\nKarimov returned as president in direct elections in which few opposition groups are allowed to field candidates.\n1992 - President Karimov bans the Birlik (Unity) and Erk (Freedom) parties. Members of the opposition are arrested in large numbers for alleged anti-state activities.\n1994 - Uzbekistan signs an economic integration treaty with Russia, and an economic, military and social cooperation treaty with Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.\n1995 - Activists from the outlawed opposition party Erk are jailed for allegedly conspiring to oust the government.\nRuling People\'s Democratic Party - formerly the Communist Party of Uzbekistan - wins general election.\nReferendum extends Karimov\'s term of office for another five years.\n1996 - Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan agree to create a single economic market.\n1999 - Bombs in Tashkent kill more than a dozen people. President blames extremist Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU).\nIMU declares "jihad" and demands the resignation of the Uzbek leadership.\nOperating from mountain hideouts, IMU fighters launch first in several-year series of summer skirmishes with government forces.\n2000 - Karimov re-elected president in election deemed by impartial observers to be neither free nor fair.\nUS-based Human Rights Watch accuses Uzbekistan of widespread use of torture.\n2001 June - Some 70 people are jailed for terrorism following cross-border incursions in the south by Islamic militants in 2000.\nUzbekistan, China, Russia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan launch Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) to tackle ethnic and religious militancy and to promote trade, investment.\n2001 October - Uzbekistan allows US to use its air bases for action in Afghanistan.\n2002 January - President Karimov wins support for extending the presidential term from five to seven years in a referendum criticised as a ploy to hang on to power.\n2002 March - President Karimov visits US. Strategic partnership agreement signed.\n2002 August - IMU military leader Juma Namangani reported killed.\n2002 September - Uzbekistan and Kazakhstan settle a long-standing border dispute.\n2003 May - Tashkent hosts annual meeting of European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, which expresses disappointment at President Karimov\'s failure to condemn torture.\nBanned Birlik movement hold congress openly for first time in a decade.\n2003 June - Erk opposition party holds first formal meeting since it was banned 11 years previously.\n2003 December - President Karimov sacks long-standing prime minister Otkir Sultanov, citing country\'s poorest-ever cotton harvest. Shavkat Mirziyayev replaces him.\n2004 March - At least 47 people killed in shootings and bombings. Authorities blame Islamic extremists. Several dozen people are given lengthy jail sentences.\n2004 April - European Bank for Reconstruction and Development says it is to slash aid because of Uzbekistan\'s poor record on economic reform and human rights.\n2006: Outlook bleak in wake of Andijan\nHow the Andijan killings unfolded\nAnalysis: Uzbekistan\'s "Islamists"\n2004 July - Suicide bombers target US and Israeli embassies in Tashkent; third blast hits prosecutor-general\'s office.\n2004 November - Restrictions on market traders spark civil disorder in eastern city of Kokand. Thousands of people are reported to have taken part in street protests.\nTurkmen and Uzbek presidents sign agreement on sharing scant water resources.\n2004 December - Parliamentary elections: Opposition parties are barred from taking part.\nAndijan killings\n2005 May - Eastern city of Andijan is gripped by unrest. Gunmen storm prison and release inmates, some of whom had been accused of Islamic militancy. Troops open fire on demonstrators. Eyewitnesses report deaths of hundreds of protesters. Government puts overall toll at 190.\n2005 August - Upper house of parliament votes to evict US forces from air base at Khanabad used for the campaign in Afghanistan.\n2005 November - Supreme Court convicts 15 men of having organised Andijan unrest and jails them for 14-20 years.\n2005: \'Show trial\' fails to convince\n2005: US condemns trial verdicts\nAgreement signed on closer military cooperation with Russia.\n2006 March - Sanjar Umarov, head of the Sunshine Uzbekistan opposition movement, is jailed for 11 years - later reduced to eight - for "economic crimes". The group had criticised the Andijan crackdown and urged economic reform.\nRights activist Mukhtabar Tojibayeva, a critic of the Andijan crackdown, is jailed for eight years for "economic crimes".\n2007 January - President Karimov\'s seven-year term expires.\n2007 August - EU eases the sanctions imposed following the crushing of the Andijan unrest, but emphasises its concerns about Uzbek human rights.\n2007 December - Islam Karimov gains another term following presidential elections condemned as a sham by opponents and impartial observers.\n2008 March - Uzbekistan allows US limited use of its southern Termez air base for operations in Afghanistan, partially reversing its decision to expel US forces from the Khanabad base in 2005.\nReports that Uzbek children are forced to harvest cotton has prompted protests abroad\n2008 July - Representative of Human Rights Watch organisation Igor Vorontsov expelled.\n2008 October - EU further eases sanctions imposed in response to the 2005 Andijan violence.\n2009 February - President Karimov confirms that the US will be allowed to transport supplies through Uzbekistan to troops in Afghanistan.\n2009 October - The EU lifts the arms embargo that it imposed in 2005 after the Andijan violence.\n2009 December - Uzbekistan announces plans to withdraw from a Soviet-era power grid having set up new power lines for its own use. Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan, the poorest nations in the region, rely heavily on gas and electricity supplies sent through the grid and face shortages.\n2010 February - Three men are convicted of murdering Uzbekistan\'s most prominent theatre director Mark Weil in 2007. They said they had killed him in response to his portrayal of the Muslim Prophet Muhammad in his play Imitating the Koran.\n2010 June - Uzbekistan briefly accommodates ethnic Uzbek refugees fleeing communal violence in neighbouring Kyrgyzstan. Closes refugee camps within weeks and forces inhabitants back across border.\n2012 June - Government announces plans to sell off hundreds of state assets in a drive to expand the private sector.\nUzbekistan agrees to allow NATO to remove its military vehicles and equipment through its territory as NATO-led forces speed up their withdrawal from Afghanistan.\n2012 September - Government strips largest mobile phone operator, Russian-owned Uzdunrobita, of its license to operate and arrests several managers. Swiss police begin a related money-laundering investigation that eventually involves President Karimov\'s elder daughter, Gulnara.\n2013 October - The authorities begin closing down businesses and organisations linked to Gulnara Karimova, who responds by using Twitter to attack rivals in the Uzbek power structure.\nMedia rights groups express concern at the brief detention of journalist Sergey Naumov while investigating child labour in the cotton harvest in the northwestern city of Urgench.\n2014 January - Swiss prosecutors begin to investigate President Karimov\'s elder daughter Gulnara in a money-laundering probe.\n2014 February - Gulnara Karimova is placed under house arrest.\n2014 September - Uzbek prosecutors say Gulnara Karimova has been charged with belonging to a crime group that plundered Â£40bn ($65bn) in assets.\n2014 December - Four parties - all supporting President Karimov - compete in parliamentary elections.\n2015 March - President Karimov is re-elected with 90% of the vote in presidential elections. International observers criticise the lack of genuine political alternatives.']>>  to <<['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'A chronology of key events']>>

The 74-year-old Vienna State Opera musical director had planned performances in Prague, Vienna, Berlin and Paris between 3 and 10 December.
Ozawa, who spent three decades with the Boston Symphony Orchestra before joining Vienna in 2002, revealed in January that he had oesophageal cancer.
A 14 December concert at New York's Carnegie Hall is scheduled to go ahead.
At a press conference in January, Ozawa announced the cancellation of about 30 concerts at home and abroad planned for the first six months of the year.
He is also the founder and artistic director of Japan's annual Saito Kinen Festival.


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Question: Three young sons of Chechnya's authoritarian leader Ramzan Kadyrov have been filmed pummelling opponents in a brutal martial arts contest, drawing criticism from Russia.

Russia's Sports Ministry says it is investigating the fights. Mr Kadyrov features them on his Instagram page.
The mixed martial arts contest in Grozny resembled professional boxing, the boys gesturing to an excited crowd.
Mr Kadyrov's boy fighters are Akhmad, aged 10, Eli, nine, and Adam, eight.
"We will find out about this situation, and request information on it," said Russian Deputy Sports Minister Pavel Kolobkov.
Mr Kadyrov is a close ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin. He has ruled Chechnya since his forces, helped by massive Russian firepower, defeated separatist rebels in 1999-2009.
His much-feared militia, called the "Kadyrovtsy", have been accused of kidnapping, torture and other human rights abuses.
Mr Kadyrov watched the martial arts bouts sitting next to Alexander Zaldostanov, another political ally of Mr Putin. Nicknamed "The Surgeon," Mr Zaldostanov heads a nationalist biker gang called the Night Wolves, fiercely loyal to the Kremlin.
The boy fighters in Grozny did not wear helmets or other protective gear. Their fights included blows to the head.
The head of the Russian Mixed Martial Arts Union, Fyodor Yemelianenko, condemned the competition, saying it was "unacceptable and cannot be justified".
Mr Kadyrov posted boastful comments along with the Instagram video clips, such as: "Little Adam showed that he's a real Lion!... The opponents had strong fighting spirit and will, but Adam won a confident victory and won the champion's belt. Congratulations, Adam!"
In Russia's parliamentary and regional elections last month Mr Kadyrov won in Chechnya with 98% support.

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Instagram said the video had "violated the requirement to respect other members" of the social network.
In a new Instagram post Mr Kadyrov said he had been punished for saying "a few words about the USA's guard dogs".
His video showed former Russian PM Mikhail Kasyanov as a sniper's target.
Mr Kasyanov is a high-profile critic of Russian President Vladimir Putin, in the opposition RPR-Parnas party.
Putin loyalist Kadyrov unleashed on Russian 'traitors'
Ramzan Kadyrov: Putin's key Chechen ally
The Chechen leader has recently called Mr Putin's critics "enemies" and "traitors".
In his latest post on Instagram, Mr Kadyrov said: "Here it is, the much-acclaimed freedom of speech, American style!
"You can write anything you want, but do not touch America's dogs, friends of the Department of State and Congress. You know very well whom I am talking about!"
Mr Kasyanov and other Russian opposition politicians described the sniper video as a murder threat.
Last March Mr Kadyrov spoke out on Instagram about the assassination of opposition leader Boris Nemtsov in Moscow, defending one of the Chechens charged over the shooting.
A day later President Putin gave Mr Kadyrov a top award.
Mr Nemtsov is among several well-known opponents of Mr Putin who have been murdered in the past decade.
Mr Kadyrov runs Chechnya with an iron fist - his private militia has been accused of widespread human rights abuses, including torture and assassination.
He has close ties to Mr Putin, who encouraged him to stamp out a separatist insurgency in Chechnya.
Thousands of civilians died in the North Caucasus republic when Russian troops fought the rebels there in the 1990s.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Chelsea boss Antonio Conte has dismissed stories linking him with a return to Italy this summer.

Reports in the manager's home country - quoting an agent, Federico Pastorello - had suggested he was considering a move, with Inter Milan the most likely destination.
"I'm very happy to stay," Conte said.
"I read this interview about Pastorello. I don't know him and I don't know why this person has spoken about me."
He added: "I worked in Italy. They want to come back for me in Italy. It's normal. I have two more years of contract with Chelsea.
"This is the truth. This is the most important thing. I don't like when I listen to other persons talking about me."
Conte, 47, also addressed speculation linking the Blues with New York City midfielder Andrea Pirlo - who played under Conte at Juventus.
Ray Wilkins, a former Chelsea player and assistant manager, told Talksport he had seen the 37-year-old at Stamford Bridge "on a number of occasions this year".
"He's the one that Antonio Conte would like to come in and replace assistant manager Steve Holland," he added.
But Conte said: "Andrea Pirlo is playing and he wants to continue to play. I don't know why someone wants to put this type of situation for me."

The 62-year-old Chilean was keen on the move but the club are looking at other options to replace Ronald Koeman.
Frenchman Claude Puel, 54, is reportedly the favourite to take over after leaving French Ligue 1 side Nice at the end of last season.
Dutchman Koeman left to join Everton earlier this month after two campaigns at St Mary's.
United States head coach Jurgen Klinsmann is also not being considered despite being linked with the job.
Bournemouth boss Eddie Howe, former Manchester United manager David Moyes and ex-Ajax head coach Frank de Boer are all out of the running too.
Southampton are looking to appoint their new boss by the time players report for pre-season training next week.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: One of the most decorated French soldiers, who fought in the country's wars in Algeria and French Indochina, has died.

Gen Marcel Bigeard, 94, died on Friday, his wife told news agency Agence France-Presse.
Gen Bigeard was a commanding officer during the battle of Dien Bien Phu and the Battle of Algiers.
In 2000 he caused controversy in France by telling a newspaper that torture was a "necessary evil" in Algeria.
Gen Bigeard began his military career as an enlisted man, and retired from the army as State Secretary for Defence.
He was called up into the army at the outbreak of World War II and was captured in the Battle of France in 1940.
He managed to escape and joined the Free French in North Africa. From there he was parachuted back in to France to fight with the Resistance.
It was in French Indochina that Gen Bigeard began to make his name as a commander in a Paratroop regiment.
He survived the 1954 Battle of Dien Bien Phu, where French troops were surrounded and defeated by the forces of the Vietnamese Communists, the Viet Minh.
He was then sent to Algeria where he led the "irregular" counter-insurgency campaign against the National Liberation Front (FLN) during the 1957 Battle of Algiers.
He later told Le Monde newspaper that it was "necessary" to torture suspected FLN sympathisers to extract information about bombings carried out by the Algerian insurgents.
In 1975 he was appointed State Secretary for Defence by President Valery Giscard d'Estaing.
He retired from the army in 1976.
He was believed to be one of the most decorated soldiers in France and had received medals from both France and Britain for his wartime service.

Cremieux-Brilhac spent three years at the headquarters of de Gaulle's Free French in Hill Street, Mayfair, where he was secretary of the propaganda committee.
It was in this function that he personally drew up the instructions to be read out over the BBC, telling the French public how to react on D-Day.
Cremieux-Brilhac kept the original typed document in his possession, and showed it to the BBC for a film on the 70th anniversary of D-Day last year. He said that on his death it should be bequeathed to the French National Archives.
"For a young officer like me it was something exceptional to be working at the heart of the decision-makers," he said.
Cremieux-Brilhac had already survived several adventures before joining up with de Gaulle in 1941.
A young French officer, he fought against the invading Germans in May 1940 and was taken prisoner.
He escaped from his prison-camp in Germany and made his way through Poland to Soviet territory. But as the Nazi-Soviet pact was still holding, he was promptly imprisoned again. He said conditions under the Russians were worse than under the Germans.
Cremieux-Brilhac was released again when Hitler invaded Russia in June 1941. He travelled on a Canadian ship from Archangel to Glasgow along with 200 or so other French soldiers.
Archive Pathe footage shows the group arriving by train at Euston station. Viewing the images 70 years on, Cremieux-Brilhac spotted many of his friends - but sadly not himself.
With the Free French, Cremieux-Brilhac was responsible for liaising with the BBC, which ran a daily schedule of French language propaganda broadcasts into France.  Several times he took the microphone himself.
"It was the most thrilling feeling, sitting there in the studio in London, and knowing that all those hundreds of miles away your voice was being listened to in homes across France," he said.
He was born Jean-Louis Cremieux in the Paris suburb of Colombes in 1917. The Cremieux were a family from one of France's oldest Jewish communities in the former Papal states at Avignon. He added the Brilhac as a nom-de-guerre in London.
After the war Cremieux-Brilhac had a political career working for the centre-left leader Pierre Mendes-France, who was prime minister for a short time in the mid 1950s.
A a historian, Cremieux-Brilhac wrote several highly-praised books on the France's contribution to the war.
In 2014 he was given the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honour - the award's highest rank. He was also made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: British number two Heather Watson dug deep to win 6-4 7-5 against Italy's Camila Giorgi at a rain-affected Aegon Classic in Birmingham.

Their first-round match did not start until after 17:00 BST as downpours delayed the day's play until 15:30.
Watson claimed the only break point of the first set, then saw off six break points for Giorgi in the second.
The world number 55, ranked 11 places higher than Giorgi, will play Barbora Strycova or Karolina Pliskova next.
"I was very focused at the end and I'm so glad we got to play the full match without any rain delays," said 24-year-old Watson.
"She's a very tough opponent and hits the ball extremely hard. I had to accept she will hit a lot of winners but had to take advantage when she made mistakes.
"I feel fully fit and think I'm playing very well."
American seventh seed Madison Keys won 7-6 (7-3) 6-4 against Hungary's Timea Babos in Monday's opening match.
However, British number three Naomi Broady and Australia's Daria Gavrilova were forced off court about 19:00 by more rain.
British number one Johanna Konta and Tara Moore begin their Edgbaston campaigns on Tuesday.
Konta, 25, faces Japan's Misaki Doi, while Moore, 23, plays Austria's Tamira Paszek.
Subscribe to the BBC Sport newsletter to get our pick of news, features and video sent to your inbox.

The British number one moved up three places despite losing to German Julia Goerges in the French Open first round.
Durie, who won two WTA singles titles in 1983, achieved a career-high ranking of five a year later.
Konta, 25, faces American Victoria Duval in the first round of the Nottingham Open on Monday at 12:00 BST.


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Question: Warrington Wolves and England hooker Daryl Clark has rejected interest from the NRL to sign a new contract with the Super League side until 2020.

The 23-year-old joined Wolves for a fee of £185,000 from Castleford in 2014.
Clark score 10 tries last season as Warrington won the League Leaders' Shield and reached the Grand Final, and played for England in the Four Nations.
"I believe we're building something special here as a club and a team," he told the club's YouTube page.
"I'm just looking forward to being part of that for the next few years..

The 26-year-old Samoa international had spent four years with the Vikings, but was told he would be released at the end of this season.
Isa started his career in the NRL at Penrith Panthers and has also played for Melbourne Storm and Castleford.
"There were a few offers on the table but I simply couldn't turn down this chance when it came along," he said.
He joins Sam Tomkins as a new arrival at Wigan for the 2016 season.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Two men have been arrested on suspicion of attempted murder after a man was struck on the head with a hatchet in Belfast.

The 34-year-old victim was attacked in Glenrosa Link in the north of the city at about 01:15 BST on Sunday.
Police said he was taken to hospital and "remains in a stable condition".
Officers arrested two 26-year-old men a short time after the attack. They are being questioned at Musgrave police station in Belfast.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

Police sealed off Mountbatten Gardens at 06:30 BST after reports that a man threatened two people with a machete.
An earlier assault at Mallard Road in which a woman was injured is believed to be connected to the incident.
Police said a 34-year-old Bournemouth man has been arrested on suspicion of assault and possession of an offensive weapon.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details:

Question: Families of the victims of the Birmingham pub bombings have been told they can apply for legal aid.

The government has intervened to remove legal barriers which had stopped their Northern Ireland-based solicitors from applying for funding.
Inquests into the deaths of the 21 people killed by the IRA in November 1974 are due to resume later this year.
Sir Oliver Heald QC, Minister for Legal Aid, urged the firm to now "seize this opportunity to access the funds".
Read more on this story and others in Birmingham and the Black Country
He said: "It would be a travesty for families to be denied justice simply because of a technicality.
"Which is why I have taken the decision to change the regulations around inquest funding.
"This will remove any barrier from the families' solicitors in applying for legal aid funding for the inquest."
Julie Hambleton, whose sister Maxine died in the atrocity, said: "It appears the empty rhetoric has become reality."
She believes the families should never have had to fight so hard in the first place.
She added: "All we want is what any family would want and that is an inquest and to be able to fully participate in it, and the fact that we seem to have been dragged through the mud the way we have, begging and screaming for it beggars belief.
"However, I'm glad and pleased to be able to say that political common sense has prevailed with cross-party support."
Preliminary hearings are expected to take place on 23 February in Birmingham.
At a previous hearing in November, the coroner due to hear the inquests, Peter Thornton QC, said he supported the families' claim for legal aid, but had no powers to grant it.
In a statement, a spokesman for KRW Law, which is representing the majority of the families, said it would be able to apply for funding once a proposed new amendment to the Civil Legal Aid Procedures Regulations bill was made law.
Its lawyers have so far been working for free, while legal teams for police and other government branches have been taxpayer-funded.
A spokesman said: "We have not yet seen the amended regulations but we have been assured by the Ministry of Justice (MoJ) and the Legal Aid Agency that the reforms are as being reported.
"This is a positive development for our clients who have continued to insist in being represented by KRW LAW LLP.
"Their perseverance and commitment has turned the rhetoric of the politicians into reality and we welcome this development."
One of the victims' families - represented by Liverpool-based Broudie Jackson Canter - had their legal aid request granted days before inquest proceedings began last year.
Mr Thornton has said the inquests could reopen from September.
No-one has ever been brought to justice for the 21 murders, although members of the IRA are believed to have been responsible.
Six men were arrested and later jailed, but claimed in court confessions were beaten out of them.
After two appeals, the Birmingham Six, as they became known, were freed in 1991.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Relatives of Maxine Hambleton, Trevor Thrupp and James Craig have made an application to the senior coroner for Birmingham and Solihull.
Coroner Louise Hunt will hear submissions on 12 February before making a decision on 24 February.
Twenty-one people died and 182 were hurt in the blast on 21 November 1974.
An inquest was opened days after the attack but closed without hearing evidence in 1975 after guilty verdicts saw six men jailed.
Their convictions were quashed in 1991 and the former Director of Public Prosecutions, Barbara Mills, placed a 75-year embargo on files relating to a Devon and Cornwall Police inquiry into the West Midlands Police investigation.
It means those files are not due to be released until 2069.
In March 2015, Justice 4 the 21 campaign group met Home Secretary Theresa May and Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers to lobby for an inquest. An application for a fresh inquest was also lodged with the Attorney General.
Julie Hambleton, whose sister Maxine was the youngest of those who died, said they want justice for their loved ones.
"All we want is one thing - justice. No more, no less," she said.
"We don't want money, we don't want an apology. All we want is justice.
"We are not political, but they've made it political because they have the key to the door."


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
For example, '['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'Ben Stokes is entering virtually unique territory for an England cricketer in that he is as much of a batsman as a bowler.']' should have a representation like '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', "Media playback is not supported on this device\nIan Botham is widely regarded as England's greatest all-rounder, but his main strength was his bowling. Stokes is getting to the stage where he really is a genuine batsman.\nYou are then entering the territory of Jacques Kallis, although there is some way to go before Stokes, 25, gets near what the great South African achieved.\nYou have to pay tribute to England assistant coach Paul Farbrace, who moved Stokes up to number six against New Zealand in May last year when he was in temporary charge of the side before Trevor Bayliss took over.\nFarbrace saw his potential and gave him the opportunity to take that place. The development of Stokes as a batsman since then has been outstanding.\nHis natural tendency is to be aggressive but he's got a very sound technique. He is an absolute diamond as far as England are concerned and a serious opponent for bowlers.\nTowards the end of his 128 on the second day of the first Test against India, he was affected by cramp, which made him rather tentative and slowed him down.\nUp to that point, he had a bit of luck and should have been out a couple of times when he was dropped by wicketkeeper Wriddhiman Saha, but that happens sometimes.\nStokes' four Test centuries have been scored on four different continents and any international cricketer wants to show his value by being able to play away from home.\nMost people are adept at playing in their own familiar conditions but it is only through travelling abroad and adjusting your approach and technique that you really prove your worth as an international cricketer. Achieving that speaks volumes for the talent he has.\nStokes is a talismanic character. He can take the game by the scruff of the neck and is someone who commands respect. When you see him wandering around, he will look you straight in the eye and always say hello with a friendly smile.\nHe draws people to him in the same way Botham did. There is no doubt that Stokes is one of those very commanding figures who leads people, who takes people with him.\nHe is a hard man - I wouldn't like to cross Ben Stokes - and his opponents know that too. He is never shy of a few words on the field when he is bowling.\nWhen he does get to bowl on day three in this game, one hopes he will be awkward to face with some reverse swing.\nHe has not bowled yet because of his hamstring and there are not enough overs on the ball. I think we will see the ball chucked to him around lunchtime on Friday - hopefully it will reverse swing and he will be dangerous.\nThe way that India batted to reach 63-0 in reply to England's 537 demonstrates that it is a very good pitch to bat on.\nEngland did not get a wicket but there were a couple of positive moments. Moeen Ali got a ball to ruffle the top of the pitch and spin sharply between bat and pad. Adil Rashid bowled a beauty of a googly to Gautam Gambhir and not many people pick his googlies. It is good - it is quite well hidden and it spins.\nThere are signs there that if England do get enough balls in the right place and they have a little bit of luck, they could bowl India out.\nIt is going to be hard work as there is very little there for the seamers at the moment. The spinners have got to build some pressure without giving too many runs away. They went for five an over in Bangladesh and they simply cannot afford to do that here.\nIf they can get one or two early wickets, that will hopefully make India more wary and it will do the confidence of the spinners a lot of good.\nIt is only a week on Sunday since England were bowled out in a session in Bangladesh and everyone was thinking 'what on earth are they going to do against India?' Well, they had some luck with the toss and those three catches that went down early in England's innings, but they have managed to capitalise on that.\nIt has gone well so far but it is only two days out of 25 in this series and there is an awful long way to go.\nJonathan Agnew was speaking to BBC Sport's Alan Jewell."]' but very far from '['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'With eight of the world\'s top nations in England and Wales for the Champions Trophy, we asked the one-day captain of each competing nation to vote for their top three batsmen, bowlers and wicketkeepers in world cricket, taking into account all formats.\nCompleting our survey on behalf of their team-mates, captains were not allowed to vote for players from their own country and their top selection would be worth three points, their second selection two points and their third selection in a category one point.\nAustralia, Bangladesh, England, New Zealand, Pakistan and South Africa all took part but, despite repeated attempts to get their responses, India and Sri Lanka did not meet the deadline.\nThe verdict, however, was conclusive...\nFor years, cricket fans bickered over the relative merits of Sachin Tendulkar and Brian Lara, but now there are a number of run machines who can realistically lay claim to being the best in the world - the likes of England\'s Joe Root, New Zealand\'s Kane Williamson and Australia\'s Steve Smith.\nOne man stood out among his peers, however: Virat Kohli.\nWith 43 international centuries to his name at the age of 28, and four Test scores of 200 or more in the past 12 months, it is perhaps no surprise that three of his fellow captains nominated him as the best in the world with the other three respondents marking him as second best.\nTwo of those other number one votes went to South Africa\'s dynamic run machine AB de Villiers, with New Zealand\'s Kane Williamson earning the other.\nEngland and Australia captains Joe Root and Steve Smith earned two nominations each for third place.\nAnalysis by BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew: "Kohli is the most unflappable chaser of runs there\'s ever been. I don\'t know how he does it. He never shows any anxiety or pressure when chasing totals, when the pressure is actually really on. It\'s extraordinary.\n"He has a calculating mind that allows him to switch off from everything that\'s going on around him and just bat. I don\'t think there has been anyone else like him for his ability to chase runs."\nThe most convincing winner in our survey was Australia\'s left-arm quick Mitchell Starc. Four world captains had him as their first pick, with the other (Australia couldn\'t vote for him, remember) having him second to South Africa\'s Dale Steyn.\nChris Woakes received the solitary third-place vote for an England bowler, while Starc\'s fellow left-armer from New Zealand, Trent Boult, was a popular pick for second and third place (receiving four nominations).\nWith six-wicket hauls on three continents in Test cricket, 27-year-old Starc is now the spearhead of an impressive Australian pace attack also including Josh Hazlewood (one vote for third place), Pat Cummins and James Pattinson.\nAnalysis by BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew: "If there\'s swing around, Starc moves the white ball. He\'s got great pace and a searing yorker. He\'s got all the attributes for a one-day fast bowler. He knocks people over and is particularly brutal with the tail. He\'s definitely the standout fast bowler in the world."\nHe may be 35 now, but India\'s iconic wicketkeeper MS Dhoni continues to strike fear into the opposition with his innovative, powerful batting and wicketkeeping skills.\nDhoni has handed over the captaincy to Virat Kohli now and he no longer plays Test cricket, but his one-day skills remain razor-sharp - emphasised by his sparkling 134 against England in January.\nHe does have a rival for his crown, though, with South Africa\'s Quinton de Kock earning just as many nominations - although, crucially, not as many first-choice picks.\nEngland\'s Jos Buttler was a popular choice, while his team-mate Jonny Bairstow also received a vote.\nThis category was a two-horse race though - and World Cup, World T20 and Champions Trophy winner Dhoni, in fitting style, was triumphant.\nAnalysis by BBC cricket correspondent Jonathan Agnew: "I don\'t think he\'s necessarily the best wicketkeeper, but it\'s the all-round package that he brings. The innings he played in the 2011 World Cup final was astonishing. He hits the ball in unusual places with a lot of bottom hand. I also like the way he plays the game. He\'s a positive cricketer. He would never claim to be a great keeper, but he\'s more than fulfilled the job he\'s been asked to do."\nWho gets your vote? Pick your top three batsman, bowlers and wicketkeepers in world cricket - only players nominated in this survey are available - and share it with your friends and on social media, using #bbccricket.\nPick your top three batsmen in world cricket\nPick your top three bowlers in world cricket\nPick your top three wicketkeepers in world cricket']'.

Question: As Europe's winter approaches and many hundreds of thousands of immigrants across the continent face an uncertain future, in Havana rare street protests have been held in recent days over a separate, very different kind of immigrant crisis that's taking place in Latin America.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

It is a journey which begins in Cuba, but takes in Ecuador in the Andes and Central American nations such as Costa Rica and Nicaragua.
It involves political allegiances between long-standing allies and new relationships between former Cold War foes.
And, of course, it involves the immigration policies of the migrants' ultimate destination, the US.
Late on Thursday, Ecuador's foreign ministry announced that from 1 December Cubans would require a visa to enter the country.
For many Cubans, the news was a blow.
In fact, Ecuador was reimposing a measure it had lifted on its socialist ally in April 2014.
For 18 months, Cubans had enjoyed the freedom to travel to the South American nation without restriction.
Ecuador quickly became a popular destination for Cubans as it presented them with two important opportunities.
First, the rare chance to travel abroad to a comparatively affordable holiday destination - one where they could load up on much-needed goods and electrical items, often with the intention of reselling them on the black market back in Cuba.
Second, for thousands of Cuban immigrants it became the first step on a 5,500 km trip north to the US.
Ecuador's decision came as around 3,000 Cubans sit stranded in Costa Rica amid a stand-off with Nicaragua.
Costa Rica is urging its Central American neighbours to grant safe passage to the Cubans, to allow a kind of "humanitarian corridor'" so they can reach the US.
But Nicaragua, led by Raul Castro's old ally, President Daniel Ortega, is refusing to let them in and is taking what appears to be a harder line on Cubans passing through their territory on the route north.
Cuba has said the immigrants can return home but it is clear that they have no intention of abandoning their trip.
Instead, they are left in limbo on Costa Rica's northern border.
Ecuador announced its plan to require a visa for Cubans following an emergency meeting in El Salvador - seemingly echoing Nicaragua's tougher stance.
The Ecuadorean Foreign Ministry said they still welcomed Cubans to the country, but were committed to "efforts by the Latin American community to prevent migration without authorisation".
Meanwhile, those Cubans who had already bought plane tickets for Ecuador were caught by surprise by the news and without visas face losing their flights and their money.
But significantly, their reaction was one not often seen in Cuba.
Rather than meekly accept the decision of the authorities, they took to the streets outside the Ecuadorean embassy to demand their visas be issued immediately.
Protests that aren't government organised are very rare in Cuba and in this instance, police cordoned off several streets around the embassy building.
Ecuadorean diplomats used loudspeakers to address the crowd, who had started to chant for visas, insisting that they would have to apply for them online.
Given how little internet access there is in Cuba, and how difficult and expensive it is for people to get online, that was never going to placate the crowd.
At the same time, there were also queues forming outside the offices of the Copa and Avianca airline companies, as frustrated customers demanded refunds on their tickets.
Some were desperate, having spent up to $800 (Â£531) on their tickets, a huge sum for most Cubans.
Others were visibly angry - both at the Ecuadorean Government for taking the measure, thereby cutting off one of their few routes out of Cuba, and at the Cuban Government of Raul Castro, at whose behest they believe Quito is acting.
By Saturday, Ecuador's Foreign Minister, Ricardo Patino, said that those Cubans who had bought tickets before the announcement would be issued visas for travel.
But even that wasn't enough to send home some in the crowd, who resolutely stayed put until their individual cases were resolved.
The US broke off diplomatic relations with Cuba in 1959 after Fidel Castro and his brother Raul led a revolution toppling US-backed President Fulgencio Batista. The Castros established a revolutionary socialist state with close ties to the Soviet Union.
The following year, the US imposed a trade embargo covering nearly all exports to Cuba. This was expanded by President Kennedy into a full economic embargo that included stringent travel restrictions.
The embargo is estimated to have cost the Cuban economy more than $1.1tn and the US economy $1.2bn a year.
In September, the US announced eased restrictions on business and travel with Cuba, the latest move by President Barack Obama to improve relations with the country.
US businesses will now be allowed to open up locations in Cuba.
For its part, the Cuban government has consistently blamed the situation on the US and its immigration policies that favour Cubans.
Specifically the Cuban Adjustment Act and the famed "wet foot, dry foot" policy, which give Cubans who reach US soil automatic legal residency and the right to apply for citizenship.
This, the Castro Government says, is the carrot in Washington's policy towards Cuba (the trade embargo on the island being the stick).
In fact, the number of Cubans making the vast trip from the Andes up to the US-Mexico border has risen significantly since the detente between the US and Cuba was announced on 17 December last year.
Many Cubans fear the days of their special privileges in the US are numbered and those who want to get to the US to claim residency now see it as a race against time.
With Ecuador closing one loophole and Nicaragua posting troops to its border with Costa Rica in the continuing impasse over the stranded immigrants, it certainly seems that Cuba's allies intend to make that journey even harder.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

E.g. ['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Baby spiders were introduced on RSPB land at Strumpshaw Fen on the Norfolk and Suffolk Broads in 2012.\nLatest figures show the number of nursery webs counted between July and October has risen from 184 in 2014 to 480 in 2015 - a 160% increase.\nThe spiders, which grow up to 7cm long, can deliver a painful bite but are not considered dangerous.\n"This is a species that is clearly able to thrive in the Broadland grazing marshes that have been so carefully restored by conservation organisations in recent years," said Helen Smith, an ecologist contracted by Natural England.\n"It\'s already made a great start on colonising the area\'s extensive ditch networks and, in the process, has taken a big step back from the brink."\nTim Strudwick, RSPB site manager at Strumpshaw Fen nature reserve, said: "It is fantastic to see the spiders now thriving on the reserve, having been first released in 2012.\n"The spiders are doing so well due to the excellent condition of the habitat and our management of the grazing marshes is maintaining ideal conditions for them."\nUp until 2010 there were only three known populations in the UK of the spider, leaving the species very vulnerable and at real risk of extinction.\nThey primarily feed on aquatic invertebrates such as pond skaters and dragonflies.'] == ['this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article\n------\nE.g. Labour should rewrite Clause IV of its constitution to make explicit its commitment to reducing inequality, a former Cabinet minister has said. == Liam Byrne said different wings of the party could unite around the idea and it could win support from business "frustrated" the UK was too unequal.\nJeremy Corbyn has suggested revisiting Clause IV to reinsert a commitment to public ownership dropped in 1994.\nMr Byrne said Labour MPs who disagreed with this must produce "better ideas".\nMr Byrne, who left the shadow cabinet after Mr Corbyn\'s election, has since formed a campaign group called Red Shift with other Labour MPs on the centre-right of the party to formulate new ideas.\nAhead of a speech to the Policy Network think tank, he told the BBC that MPs worried about the direction of the party under Mr Corbyn\'s leadership must "respect his mandate and mantra" and instead of "throwing rocks at him", had to accept that Mr Corbyn\'s emphasis on growing income inequality was popular with the public.\nBy rewriting Clause IV, he said, Labour would demonstrate that it was placing the fight against inequality at the heart of the party\'s aims and values while also recognising that "reconnecting wealth creation and social justice" was key to the UK\'s future economic competitiveness.\n"We have to set out what unites us in the Labour Party," he told BBC Radio 4\'s Today programme. "That is why we need to rewrite Clause 4 to put inequality centre stage  - where we differ we have to come up with better ideas.\n"Everyone in Labour has to get with the programme and say the fight against inequality has got to be centre stage and to debate the best ideas."\nSpeaking during the leadership campaign, Mr Corbyn said the party could restore a pledge to common ownership within Clause IV, or set up a similar commitment, although he said this would not be a priority.\nMr Byrne, who was a Treasury minister under Gordon Brown and famously left his coalition successor in 2010 a note saying "There\'s no money left", said "widespread renationalisation" and other policies championed by Mr Corbyn, including big increases public spending, "risked failure" and those who disagreed with him had to put forward an alternative.\nWhat is Clause IV?\nA commitment to public ownership of industry was inserted into Labour\'s constitution in 1918: "To secure for the workers by hand or by brain the full fruits of their industry and the most equitable distribution thereof that may be possible upon the basis of the common ownership of the means of production, distribution and exchange, and the best obtainable system of popular administration and control of each industry or service."\nThe aim was to nationalise the "commanding heights" of the economy - major industries such as coal, steel, telecommunications and railways, as well as the Bank of England and utilities such as water, gas and electricity.\nAll of these were taken into state ownership by the 1945 Labour government, although most private companies remained in private hands, as part of a "mixed economy".\nThe centre-right of the Labour Party waged a long campaign to ditch Clause IV, seeing it as an unrealistic throwback to an era of hard line socialism, arguing that the party was no longer committed to nationalising the entire economy - but it was seen as an article of faith by those on the left.\nTony Blair scrapped Clause IV soon after he became party leader, a move seen by some as a symbolic step which made the party more electable.\nThe original wording was replaced with a new commitment to "a thriving private sector and high-quality public services where those undertakings essential to the common good are either owned by the public or accountable to them".\nHe has called for changes to the remit of the Bank of England and Office for Budget Responsibility and reforms to capital markets as part of what he characterised as a "rewriting of the rules of the economy".\n"We have got workers working harder and getting paid less. The result of all that is that we have got billionaires going up and more children in absolute poverty going up. That is not good enough. That inequality is scarring our country. We have to come up with different rules."\nRather than getting in a "head-butting contest" with business, he said Labour must work with them in areas of common agreement - such as the need for viable reforms to welfare and schools and greater investment in science.\nWhile acknowledging there were "a lot of people in the business community who are anxious" about Labour\'s direction, he said there were areas where the party\'s views were compatible with business.\n"We need to seize on building common cause with business reformers and do things differently in future.\n"Lots of people in the business community do think Britain is too unequal, they do want to reconnect wealth creation and social justice and help develop a plan which creates a fairer and more equal country. We need to seize that ambition and work with it."\nHowever, it emerged on Tuesday that no-one from Labour\'s frontbench will speak at next week\'s CBI annual conference of business leaders after Mr Corbyn refused an invitation. In past years, senior figures such as Ed Balls and Ed Miliband have taken part.\nThe decision was attacked by Alastair Campbell, Tony Blair\'s former spin doctor, who tweeted: "If @jeremycorbyn is seriously saying he won\'t put Labour\'s case to the @CBItweets we may as well just give Osborne the job now."\nAnd former MP Tom Harris said he was "giving up" on the party after a close ally of Mr Corbyn - shadow foreign affairs minister Catherine West - suggested Labour would consult the Stop the War coalition before deciding whether to back air strikes against so-called Islamic State fighters in Syria. != Joseph Stiglitz and Capital in the 21st Century author Thomas Piketty will develop ideas for the Labour leader and shadow chancellor John McDonnell.\nThe advisory panel also include former Bank of England monetary policy committee member Danny Blanchflower.\nProfessor Stiglitz is a longstanding critic of the austerity policies pursued by Western governments.\nProfessor Piketty\'s book on the gap between rich and poor was required reading in left wing circles last year, although former Labour leader Ed Miliband confessed he did not reach the end of the weighty tome.\nThe French economist said: "I am very happy to take part in this economic advisory committee and assist the Labour Party in constructing an economic policy that helps tackle some of the biggest issues facing people in the UK.\n"There is now a brilliant opportunity for the Labour Party to construct a fresh and new political economy which will expose austerity for the failure it has been in the UK and Europe."\nThe panel, which will hold quarterly meetings to discuss and develop policy ideas, also includes Mariana Mazzucato from the University of Sussex, City University professor Anastasia Nesvetailova and Ann Pettifor of Policy Research in Macroeconomics (Prime).\nIt comes ahead of Mr McDonnell\'s first speech to the Labour conference as shadow chancellor on Monday, when he is expected to set out his plans to clear Britain\'s deficit without cutting spending on public services and welfare.\nMr Corbyn said: "I was elected on a clear mandate to oppose austerity and to set out an economic strategy based on investment in skills, jobs and infrastructure. Our economy must deliver security for all, not just riches for a few."\nMr Corbyn used an appearance on BBC One\'s Andrew Marr Show to hint at the possibility of an income tax cut for low earners while calling for firms to pay what they owe.\nHe also restated plans to raise the top rate of income tax from 45% to 50%.', 'Work to boost a community of rare fen raft spiders in Norfolk has proved a success.']

Rwanda's intelligence chief, General Emmanuel Karenzi Karake was taken into custody at London's Heathrow Airport the other week - following an extradition request by the Spanish government.
The Spaniards claimed that they wanted the general on charges of genocide.
We have to search the long shadows cast by the Rwandan genocide and its aftermath to get a complete grip of the accusations.
But the pertinent fact is that Spanish citizens lost their lives in the chaos of the genocide and Spanish fingers have been pointed at the Rwandan leadership, including General Karake, and the actions of the Rwandan army between October 1990 and July 2002.
Rwanda's President Paul Kagame issued a fiery condemnation of the arrest. His words chimed with recent current events:
"Absolute arrogance and contempt is the only basis for this arrest," he told his parliament in Kigali.
"They must have mistaken him for an illegal immigrant. The way they treat illegal immigrants is the way they treat all of us. Black people have become targets for shooting practice. We cannot accept that people treat us this way just because they can."
Gen Karake was arrested, but he was neither shot nor presented to the courts as a firearms target.
Mr Kagame, however, seemed palpably peeved not just at his general's lot but the altogether negative headlines concerning Africa's descendants and African citizens on both sides of the Atlantic, so much so that he appeared to use these headlines in defence of his man in London.
Farai Sevenzo:
But migration is a fluid and interesting human phenomenon. Europe will not 'turn black' as the Colonel [Gaddafi] once claimed, but Africans are moving in greater numbers to find places in the world where they can realise their aspirations.
US President Barack Obama remembered nine churchgoers murdered in the African Methodist Episcopal Church of Charleston, South Carolina; while the illegal immigrants President Kagame mentioned have been taxing political opinion and EU leaders as deaths in the Mediterranean continue.
In truth, illegal immigrants have been part of the European narrative since the days of Colonel Muammar Gaddafi.
Back in 2010 - as Europe ignored his dictatorship - Gaddafi advised that the Europeans would have to pay him €5bn ($5.5bn; £3.5bn) a year to stem the tide of illegal immigrants and prevent "Europe turning black".
"We don't know what will happen," Gaddafi told a gathering in Rome in August of 2010, "what will be the reaction of the white and Christian Europeans faced with this influx of starving and ignorant Africans."
The Libyans dispatched the Colonel and his odd views to history with a little help from their international friends; perpetual chaos replaced his autocratic rule, and the migrant problem never went away.
We've all seen the harrowing images of crammed boats, deaths at sea and floating corpses. Last Friday EU leaders agreed on the principle of spreading 40,000 asylum-seekers across the European Union, but there is clear discord amongst them.
German Chancellor Angela Merkel called the migration issue "the biggest challenge" Europe had faced during her time in office. "I see a huge task approaching us, and here it will be decided whether Europe is up to the task," she said.
For many Africans, including Mr Kagame, the site of desperate men and women huddled in tents in the French port city of Calais, their dignity affronted on a daily basis, the scramble to smuggle themselves on lorries bound for the United Kingdom  - all of this can only mean a new era of biased scrutiny is upon us.
Far from home, our skins, it is said, are illegal passports; and the cynics in Obama's America would say shooting targets.
But migration is a fluid and interesting human phenomenon. Europe will not "turn black" as the colonel once claimed, but Africans are moving in greater numbers to find places in the world where they can realise their aspirations.
Repression, war and totalitarian regimes make infertile ground for the seeds of ambition. And it is an ambition so determined that it walks across borders, braves the deserts then risks life and breath in choppy seas to end up at Europe's doorsteps.
Mildly interested observers of history may discern patterns of migration throughout the ages - French Huguenots spreading across Europe; great waves of Russian Jews fleeing Tsarist Russia's pogroms; America's pilgrims and even the enforced migration of what Obama called America's "original sin" - slavery. People have moved from one place to another without overfilling their destination or emptying their point of departure.
Just 55 years ago, between them, Paris, Lisbon, London, Berlin, Brussels and Rome once controlled the affairs of the entire African continent.
In that minute amount of time, Africans have joined the social tapestry of their adopted cities and children become second, third, fourth generations Africans.
The French have dubbed the migrant camp at Calais "La Jungle" - The Jungle. Here the coming freezing winter will be felt more keenly by these new African arrivals as they live in a place with no sanitation, no running water and are denied the right to work.
Mr Kagame's General Karake, however, has posted bail of £1m ($1.5m). He is a guest of the United Kingdom until his extradition hearing in October.
He will no doubt wish for his luck to hold and to return him to Kigali's sunshine before Europe's winter comes calling.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: More than 2.5 million people have signed a petition calling for a second EU referendum, after the vote to leave.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

It has more signatures than any other on the parliamentary website and as it has passed 100,000, Parliament will consider it for a debate.
Editor's note: The following day, the House of Commons petitions committee said it was investigating allegations of fraud in connection with the petition and had already removed 77,000 signatories - and was monitoring it for further suspicious activity.
The UK voted to leave the EU by 52% to 48% in Thursday's referendum but the majority of voters in London, Scotland and Northern Ireland backed Remain.
David Cameron has previously said there will be no second referendum.
On Friday he said he would stand down as prime minister by October following the leave result.
A House of Commons spokeswoman said the petition was created on 24 May. There were 22 signatures on it at the time the referendum result was announced.
She said the petition site had temporarily gone down at one point following "exceptionally high volumes of simultaneous users on a single petition, significantly higher than on any previous occasion".
The petition's website states it was set up by an individual called William Oliver Healey, and says: "We the undersigned call upon HM Government to implement a rule that if the Remain or Leave vote is less than 60%, based on a turnout less than 75%, there should be another referendum."
Thursday saw a 72.2% turnout, significantly higher than the 66.1% turnout at last year's general election, but below the 75% mark suggested by Mr Healey as a threshold.
The Scottish independence referendum in 2014 had a turnout of 84.6% - but there has not been a turnout above 75% at any general election since 1992.
A debate in Parliament is a good way to raise the profile of an issue with law makers but it does not automatically follow that there will be a change in the law.
By Iain Watson, political correspondent
The fact that more than one and a half million people have signed a petition calling for a second EU referendum has attracted a lot of attention - but it has zero chance of being enacted.
The main reason is that it is asking for retrospective legislation. It suggests another referendum is required because the winning side got less than 60% of the vote, and there was less than a 75% turnout.
You can have thresholds in referendums.
The 1979 referendum to set up a Scottish parliament failed because a clause was inserted in to the legislation requiring more than 40% of all eligible voters - not just those taking part - to agree to devolution before it took place.
But that clause came in advance - everyone was clear about the rules. You can't simply invent new hurdles if you are on the losing side.
The other reason is that if a petition gets more than 100,000 signatures it can then - with the agreement of a committee of MPs - be debated in Parliament, but there is no legal obligation to act on it.
However, there is talk around Westminster- in the wake of a plunging currency and falling share prices - of whether any deal on Brexit negotiated with the EU should then be put to a referendum further down the line.
The UK will remain an EU member for the next two years at least - so it's not over until it's over.
Some would greet this with horror and cries of 'foul' - others with relief.
UKIP leader Nigel Farage, who has campaigned for the UK to leave the EU throughout his political career, said in May that a narrow win for Remain could cause unstoppable demand for a rerun of the referendum.
He said at the time that a result that saw Remain win by 52% to 48% would mean "unfinished business by a long way".
But Mr Cameron has said the referendum was a "once in a generation, once in a lifetime" decision, saying the UK had "referendums not neverendums".
Labour leader Jeremy Corbyn has also rejected the idea of a second referendum, saying: "We have got to accept that decision."
Labour MP for Tottenham David Lammy later tweeted that people could "stop this madness through a vote in Parliament".
He said there should be a vote in the Commons next week on whether the UK goes forward with Brexit.
The parliamentary petitions system is overseen by the Petitions Committee, which considers whether petitions that receive more than 100,000 signatures should be raised in the House of Commons and debated.
The committee is due to sit again on Tuesday.
In a separate petition more than 100,000 people have called on London Mayor Sadiq Khan to declare the English capital independent from the UK and apply to join the EU.
Across all 33 boroughs in London 59.9% of people voted to stay in the EU, with the Remain vote more than 70% in some boroughs.
The page, set up by James O'Malley, states: "London is an international city, and we want to remain at the heart of Europe. Let's face it - the rest of the country disagrees... let's make the divorce official and move in with our friends on the continent."
Mr Khan has said he has no doubt London will "continue to be the successful city" but called for the UK to remain part of the single market.
Former London Mayor Boris Johnson, one of the leading Leave campaigners and the bookmakers' odds-on favourite to succeed Mr Cameron, has insisted the UK is not "turning its back" on Europe.
He said the decision would not make the UK any less tolerant or outward looking and would not reduce opportunities for young people.

Millions of people have voted in a historic referendum on whether the UK should remain a member of the European Union or leave.  Here we look back at the events in pictures.
The UK has now voted to leave the European Union.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: Two men have been charged with the murder of a man in Salford.

Karl Harrison, 19,  died on 20 June after being stabbed on Bradley Avenue, Lower Kersal.
Anton Farrell, 22, of Oaklands Road, Kersal and Jack Modlinsky, 20, of Marlborough Road, Cheetham Hill have both been accused of murder, Greater Manchester Police said.
They were remanded in custody and are due to appear later at Manchester and Salford City Magistrates' Court.
A 45-year-old man arrested for assisting an offender has been bailed.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The body of Christopher Laskaris, who was known as Adam to his friends, was discovered at St John's Close in Hyde Park, Leeds, on 17 November.
Philip Craig, 37, and 22-year-old Dempsey Pattison, both from Leeds, have been charged over the death of the 24-year-old.
Mr Craig was also charged with a burglary offence.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: The security services could remotely take over children's toys and use them to spy on suspects, MPs have been told.

The draft Investigatory Powers Bill would place a legal duty on internet providers to assist in hacking devices.
But it would not be restricted to phones and PCs, a tech industry chief told the Commons science and technology committee.
Antony Walker, of techUK, said anything that connected to the internet could "in theory" be hacked into.
In the future, this could include driverless cars or household appliances connected to the internet - the so-called Internet of Things - said Mr Walker.
He said the Home Office needed to spell out more clearly where it draws the line over what it calls "equipment interference", highlighting recent concerns about "smart toys" that connect to the internet and have microphones and cameras built-in.
"A range of devices that have been in the news recently, in relation to a hack, are children's toys, that children can interact with," he told the committee.
"These are devices that may sit in a child's bedroom but are accessible.
"In theory, the manufacturer of those products could be the subject of a warrant to enable equipment interference with those devices.
"So the potential extent, I think, is something that needs to be carefully considered."
In November, electronic toy company Vtech had its app store database hacked, allegedly resulting in the appearance online of personal data including children's names, dates of birth and gender.
Talking dolls, such as Hello Barbie and My Friend Cayla, have also been put under scrutiny by security experts in recent months.
Barbie manufacturer Mattel reportedly made modifications to Hello Barbie, which allows children to talk to the doll over a cloud server connection, after concerns were raised about cyber attackers potentially stealing data through it.
The police, security services, HM Revenue and Customs and other law enforcement agencies can already hack into devices provided they get a warrant.
This allows them to download the contents of computers or smartphones, track locations, listen to calls, or even switch on microphones and cameras, allowing officers to listen in to conversations or take pictures of those standing nearby.
The Home Office says these powers, the existence of which were revealed earlier this year following a court case, have "made a vital contribution to counter the increased threat to the UK from Islamist terrorism and have also enabled the disruption of paedophile-related crime", according to a Home Office fact sheet.
The draft Investigatory Powers Bill would put "equipment interference" warrants on a firmer legal footing and make sure they are "only used when necessary and proportionate for a legitimate purpose".
A revised bill will be introduced to Parliament in the New Year, following consultation and scrutiny by the industry and other interested parties.
Mr Walker, whose organisation represents 850 UK technology firms, told MPs it needed to be more forward-looking and less vague about the limits of surveillance.
"When we start to think, not just about the world today, but the world in five, 10 years' time as the Internet of Things becomes more real, and more pervasive.
"I think it requires careful thought in terms of where the limits should be."

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

The Ottawa-based company, Standard Innovation, has agreed a collective payout up to a total of C$4m (Â£2.4m) for users in the US, where the lawsuit was filed.
But where does that leave other sex-toy users?
Are there new forms of protection that people should now consider?
In Standard Innovation's case, an app was at the root of the problem.
The We-Connect app connected to its We-Vibe vibrator, and the data collected was sent back to the company, including details on temperatures, settings and usage.
A class-action lawsuit was filed in September 2016 by customers who alleged the company violated their privacy rights.
This week, the company agreed its payout for US customers who bought the product before 26 September last year.
Under the deal, those who used the We-Connect app will be paid up to C$10,000 each.
Customers who bought the toy, but did not activate the accompanying app, will receive up to US$199 each.
The settlement only applies to customers in the US, and Standard Innovation says it has since enhanced its privacy notice and app security.
According to Ann Summers, a British retail chain that specialises in sex toys, the market is becoming increasingly hi-tech.
"Our company has been around since the early 1970s," said spokeswoman Kyrsty Hazell-Page. "Back then, products didn't even vibrate. Then they moved from battery-powered to USB-charged, then came apps and now virtual reality is the next big thing."
The We-Connect app allowed users to control the device's intensity via their mobile phone.
It also enabled a user to allow another user to activate the product from afar via Bluetooth technology.
Standard Innovation said the data it collected was for market-research purposes, but some users felt violated, as the information is particularly personal.
The lawsuit also voiced concerns that the information could be linked to the email address they provided to the company.
The company has since said there has been no breach of our customers' personal information or data.
It says it has also changed its privacy practices, and says "data is used in aggregate and anonymous form that does not personally identify any individual".
At Ann Summers, Ms Hazell-Page said the industry was learning from the case: "We have to be really mindful as it is really important that we protect customers' safety and data in everything we do."
The retain chain, which sells We-Vibe products, said, "We are satisfied with the security changes undertaken by them in September".
Two hackers at Def Con, a US hacking convention, gave a talk at the August 2016 event called The Internet of Vibrating Things, in which they demonstrated how data is sent from the We-Vibe device to Standard Innovation.
The pair, who go by the names of Goldfisk and Follower, also showed how third parties could intercept the data, or even take control of the vibrator and commit what they called "potentially sexual assault".
"Cybersecurity issues are now in all area of life," said cybersecurity specialist Jessica Barker, who runs website Cyber.uk.
More and more products are being invented with internet compatibility, from light switches to fridges, creating what has called "the internet of things".
"In general, the more connect we are the more this opens us up to vulnerabilities, which all sorts of people could take advantage of," said Ms Barker.
In the US, parents have even been warned about the possibility of baby monitors being hacked.
New EU data-protection laws are expected to have an effect, as, from May 2018, companies could face huge fines if they misuse personal data or fail be transparent about its usage.
The law is designed to protect EU citizens but companies based outside the union will also have to comply if they are serving EU consumers.
Earlier this month, the Wikileaks website published allegations that the CIA had developed ways to listen in on smartphones and smart-TV microphones.
However, Ms Barker says intelligence agencies "do not have the resource or the will" to be monitoring the average person's sex life.
"What people need to be more concerned about is cybercrime," she said. "If a product can take video footage, this could be used to extort you. We have seen this already in what we call sextortion cases."
This is when a person consents to sending someone sexual images but the recipient turns out to be a fraudster, or possibly part of a criminal gang, who then threatens to release the footage unless they receive a payoff.
Clicking on a suspect file sent via email can also lead to malware infecting a computer, and could allow someone to hack into the machine's camera.
This is not a new crime. One of the most famous cases came in 2013, when Jared James Abrahams, a 20-year-old computer-science student from California, hacked and threatened two dozen women, including a winner of the Miss Teen USA beauty pageant.  He was later sentenced to 18 months in prison.
Ms Barker recommends covering the camera lens on your laptop, either by using a sticker, a piece of tape or a widget sold for this purpose.
Even Facebook founder Mark Zuckerberg is thought to take this precautionary measure.
Kellyanne Conway, an advisor to US President Trump, was mocked earlier in the week for comments suggesting that microwaves could be used as cameras to spy on people.
"I'm not Inspector Gadget," she later told US news network CNN. "I don't believe people are using their microwave to spy on the Trump campaign. However, I am not in the job of having evidence."
Technology website Wired looked into the matter and concluded: "Microwave ovens are not an effective spy tool."
Wired referred specifically to the idea of microwaves as cameras. It said the microwave would have to have an outward-facing webcam built into its design before it could be taken over by outside forces.
There are no known microwaves with webcams on the market.
However, the idea has been mooted on online forum Reddit, where a user once asked if one could be created so that you could check on your dinner from a device in another room.