Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Energy customers are being misled by savings offers on gas and electricity bills which never materialise, the BBC Money Box programme has discovered.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

These phantom savings offers are being made to people on fixed-price energy tariffs and are a consequence of rules imposed by the energy regulator Ofgem.
People have been told of savings of up to £200 that never materialise. Up to a third of households could be affected.
Ofgem defended the system, saying it is the best option for comparing costs.
One EDF customer in Norwich found such an offer on the front of her November bill, under the heading "Our cheapest overall tariff".
"Over the next year you could save £42.08 by choosing Blue+Price Protection Nov17 with Direct Debit, our cheapest fixed electricity and gas tariff available for your meters," the message on her bill said.
But if this customer took the offer up and switched tariffs, Money Box calculated her true saving would be just £4.
Phantom savings can even turn into real losses. In one example analysed by Money Box, a £47 projected saving with Npower would actually lead to the customer paying £147 a year more than they now do.
Energy suppliers make these offers because of licence conditions introduced by Ofgem in 2014 - rules that all energy suppliers must comply with.
A methodology stipulated by Ofgem and known as the personal projection lies at the heart of the problem.
The personal projection is a forecast of the amount a customer would spend on energy in the year ahead if they fail to switch when their current fixed term tariff expires.
A failure to switch means customers are automatically put on their supplier's usually much more expensive standard variable tariff (SVT) reserved for people who rarely or never change suppliers or tariffs.
So a customer nine months into a cheaper one-year tariff will have a personal projection made up from the remaining three months on their current tariff plus nine months on their supplier's SVT. This is stated, in part, on the bill.
The result is a personal projection which is usually much higher than the amount someone on a fixed tariff is actually paying.
One Npower customer with average energy consumption gets two different quotes from price comparison services:
In the Npower example cited above, the new tariff Npower is offering costs £870 a year, some £147 more expensive than the cost of the current tariff.
Owing to the higher cost of the SVT, the customer's personal projection is even higher - at £917 a year. That is why, using Ofgem's methodology, the customer is told they would save £47 a year.
The BBC has learned that in industry consultations before the personal projection methodology was introduced in 2014, Ofgem was warned it was likely to produce inflated savings offers.
Archna Luthra, of the MoneySavingExpert website, told Money Box: "We gave them a very clear warning about how damaging and misleading this calculation could be. Lots of people across the industry had the same concerns and voiced those concerns to Ofgem."
Florian Ritzmann, head of the energy price comparison app Voltz, said his warnings to Ofgem, that customers could end up losing money instead of saving, fell on deaf ears.
"At one particular meeting I remember Ofgem said: 'We have made our decision and it's time to move on'. And that was that," he said.
Voltz and MoneySavingsExpert are among a handful of energy price comparison sites which, along with TheEnergyShop.com, have found ways to stop using Ofgem's personal projection methodology. They now simply compare the cost of proposed tariffs with what customers currently pay.
Other leading energy price comparison sites still follow Ofgem's personal projection rules and so, for people already on fixed tariffs, produce inflated savings that will not materialise if people go ahead and switch.
In response, Ofgem said: "We believe the method we chose to calculate customers' personal projections was the best method for comparing people's energy costs over the following 12 months."
Ofgem is once again consulting the energy industry on what, if anything, will replace personal projections after it withdraws its current methodology some time next year.
You can hear the full story on Money Box on BBC Radio 4 at 12:04 GMT on Saturday 19 November, and repeated at 21:02 on Sunday 20 November

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The regulator said that customers were "bamboozled" by a complex system of tariffs, which have increased from 180 to more than 300 since 2008.
The "big six" suppliers should also face more competition, Ofgem said.
However, industry body Energy UK said that the number of tariffs simply reflects consumer demand and competition within the industry.
Ofgem said it would force energy firms to auction off up to a fifth of the electricity they generate, making room for new companies.
Ofgem said it had also found evidence that the "big six" energy firms "have adjusted prices in response to rising costs more quickly than they reduced them when costs fell".
Competition in the UK energy market is being stifled through complicated tariffs and a lack of transparency, and energy firms had "failed to play it straight with consumers", it said.
Ofgem launched a review of the energy market after claims were made that suppliers were making excessive profits.
Earlier in the year, British Gas said operating profits had risen by 24% in 2010 to £742m.
In November, Ofgem said that energy supplier's net profit margin per typical customer rose from £65 in September to £90 in November, a 38% rise.
Consumer confidence
By Robert PestonBusiness editor, BBC News
Read Robert's blog
Energy firms could be referred to the Competition Commission if they do not comply with the new system, Ofgem said.
"Consumers must have confidence that energy companies are playing fair at a time when they are being asked to foot the £200bn bill to pay for the investment Britain needs to ensure secure and sustainable energy supplies," said chief executive Alistair Buchanan in a statement.
One supplier, Scottish Power, will face an investigation into its pricing regime, Ofgem said.
Analysis: What will review mean? Ofgem: Why radical change needed
That investigation is in addition to an ongoing Ofgem investigation into British Gas, EDF Energy and Npower into how they handle consumers' complaints.
Ofgem is also still investigating possible mis-selling by EDF Energy, Npower, Scottish Power, and Scottish and Southern Energy.
"In response to customer demand, there is now a wide range of energy products available - such as green tariffs and fixed tariffs - to meet the diverse needs of different customers," said Christine McGourty of the energy industry body Energy UK.
"If energy companies are not setting out these options clearly enough then this is something that should be addressed."
Long-term deals
Brian Snow worked for an energy company for his entire career and says that he does not understand his energy bill.
"I do not understand the tariff that I am on and cannot compare the different options and companies.
I do an annual check of my costs but I rely on one of the comparison companies to tell me which company and which tariff is best for me.
However, the 'best' tariff never seems to last for long and my bill always seems to increase.
I pity old or disadvantaged people who do not have a computer or the computer literacy to use the comparison sites.
If I, as an electrical engineer with a degree, cannot understand these tariffs - how can they?"
The regulator also wants to ban automatic rollovers of fixed contracts.
Some customers pay a set price each month for their energy over the period of a contract, irrespective of price changes for other customers.
Ofgem wants to ban suppliers automatically renewing these deals so customers are not repeatedly tied in to long-term deals.
A similar ban on automatic rollover contracts for land line telephone lines was proposed by communications regulator Ofcom earlier this month.
Instead, customers should default back to the standard tariff, unless they actively choose another fixed-term deal, it said.
Watchdog Consumer Focus welcomed Ofgem's review of the energy market.
"Companies are now on a very short leash," said chief executive Mike O'Connor.
"We welcome the explicit statement from Ofgem that the energy market is fundamentally failing consumers and that comprehensive and determined action is necessary to set it on the straight and narrow."
The "big six" energy firms are British Gas, E.On Energy, EDF Energy, Npower, Scottish and Southern Energy and Scottish Power.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Manchester City goalkeeper Willy Caballero says he has repaid manager Manuel Pellegrini's trust in him with his Capital One Cup heroics at Wembley.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The Argentine saved three Liverpool spot-kicks as City won the final 3-1 on penalties after a 1-1 draw.
Caballero, 34, was criticised after a 5-1 FA Cup fifth-round loss to Chelsea at Stamford Bridge a week earlier.
"It is well deserved for me to play this final," Caballero, picked ahead of first-choice Joe Hart, told BBC Sport.
Caballero has started just four Premier League games since moving to the Etihad from Malaga in July 2014.
He had started every round of the League Cup this season and boss Pellegrini said he would rather have lost the final than drop Caballero.
The former Boca Juniors keeper kept out penalties by Lucas, Philippe Coutinho and Adam Lallana after the game had ended all square after 120 minutes.
"It was incredible. To save three penalties and win a trophy is amazing," added Caballero. "I enjoyed this a lot because it was hard work for me.
"It was the decision of the manager to put me in the starting line-up and now I can return his confidence in me."
Pellegrini said he never planned to reinstate England international Hart, who has played in 24 of City's 26 Premier League games this season, against Liverpool.
"I would prefer to lose a title than lose my word," said the City boss. "My word is more important than football.
"We deserved to win the game before penalties, but I'm happy to win it that way with Willy as a great hero.
"Maybe most of the media were waiting for him to make a mistake and criticise my decision but I promised he would play both cups.
"He had to play against Chelsea with a young team so he conceded five goals. But I never lost trust in him because I know how good a player he is."
Pellegrini had fielded a weakened side against Chelsea in the FA Cup, mindful of a midweek trip to Dynamo Kiev in the last 16 of the Champions League as well as Sunday's final.
He was rewarded with two victories, and the 62-year-old Chilean added: "I took a difficult decision last week not to continue in the FA Cup.
"That decision received a lot of criticism but, as a manager, I have to make a decision that is the best for the team.
"I am sure the wins in the Champions League and against Liverpool were absolutely linked in with the decision not to expose 13 players to three games in a week, because we are not able to do that."
City face Liverpool again on Wednesday, this time at Anfield in the Premier League (kick off 20:00 GMT).
Leicester's win against Norwich on Saturday means Pellegrini's side trail the league leaders by nine points.
"We are not giving up on the Premier League," said Pellegrini, who will be replaced by Bayern Munich manager Pep Guardiola at the end of the season.
"All teams will lose points so we will continue, try to win the next game against Liverpool and go until the end."

Aguero, 27, scored a hat-trick against Chelsea on Saturday to move to 21 league goals this season, one behind leading scorer Harry Kane of Tottenham.
The Argentine has scored 99 Premier League goals in five seasons at City.
"Sergio makes the difference when he's playing every game, every week. I am sure he is the best striker in this league," said Pellegrini.
This is the second consecutive season in which Aguero has struck more than 20 goals, having managed 26 last term.
But despite another prolific season, Aguero has not been included on the shortlist for the Professional Footballers' Association Player of the Year.
"It is very strange that Sergio has played so many years here and has never been the best player in the Premier League," added the Chilean.
Aguero has helped City to two Premier League titles since he joined from Atletico Madrid in 2011.
It was his injury-time strike against QPR in 2012 that sealed the club's first ever Premier League title.
That season was the only year he has been nominated for the Player of the Year award, losing out to Arsenal's Robin van Persie.
Aguero has never been nominated in the PFA Team of the Year or won the Football Writers' Association Footballer of the Year.
Aguero's hat-trick moved the Blues closer to securing a top-four finish - and Champions League qualification - in Pellegrini's final season at the helm.
Third-placed City are four points ahead of fifth-placed Manchester United with five games remaining, while leaders Leicester hold a 12-point lead over Pellegrini's side.
The 62-year-old, who will be replaced by Bayern Munich boss Pep Guardiola in the summer, is unlikely to leave with a second Premier League title in three seasons - but could still lead the Blues to their first Champions League crown.
Media playback is not supported on this device
However, he is refusing to be sidetracked from the league campaign by their semi-final against his former club Real Madrid later this month.
"The best way to arrive at semi-final is to win your games, winning games in the way we did against Chelsea," said Pellegrini, who has won 99 games in charge of City.
"It was a complete team performance without the ball and with the ball. We have to keep focus on Premier League."
City midfielder Yaya Toure was given his first start in almost a month at Stamford Bridge after struggling to regain his place following injury.
And the 32-year-old Ivorian, whose Blues future is the subject of speculation, was one of the driving forces in their impressive win.
"When Yaya doesn't play and we win, everyone says he should not play anymore," said Pellegrini.
"But we have played a lot of important games without him that we lost. Yaya continues to be an important player for our team and a player who makes a difference."


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: The UK's National Crime Agency has signed up two security firms to provide up-to-the minute intelligence about hi-tech crime.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The deal will help it step up efforts to map cyber crime in Britain and the rest of the world.
Intel Security and Trend Micro will be part of "virtual threat teams" who help take down hi-tech thieves.
The firms will help expose attacks and the gangs and computer infrastructure they use and abuse.
Andy Archibald, head of the NCA's Cyber Crime Unit, said the closer relationship had grown out of collaboration between the law enforcement agency and security firms over the last 10 months.
That collaboration had led the NCA to arrest people in the UK involved in manufacturing malware, running money mules who laundered cash or running hosting services that catered to cyber thieves.
"Security firms have a far greater understanding of the threats in terms of what they see on a day-to-day basis," he told the BBC. "They have a massively important part to play in terms of understanding and identifying who and where the threat comes from.
"Traditional law enforcement in response to crime has a victim who reports, an investigation and there's a criminal justice outcome," he said. "But the response to cyber crime has to be more sophisticated than that."
The NCA needed a global view of the threats and attacks hitting people and organisations in the UK and that was data the security firms were able to provide, Archibald explained.
In addition, he said, the intelligence would help in cases when it was not possible to identify individuals behind particular attacks - prompting the NCA to target servers or other resources used to carry them out.
The detailed data provided by Intel and Trend would be invaluable in helping reveal where attacks were coming from and which machines were being used, he said.
Raj Samani, chief technical officer in Europe for Intel Security, said: "As an industry we get visibility of the most prominent, the most prevalent types of attacks, the countries where the majority of attacks seem to originate."
Mr Samani added that the last 10 months of collaboration between the NCA and security firms on many different operations against cyber thieves and gangs had produced "remarkable" results.
"We started off with Gameoverzeus and Cryptolocker, we had Blackshades, we had Shylock, we had Ramnit, we had Simda and we just concluded with Beebone," he said. "There's more to come."

In total, 25 separate operations were carried out across England, Scotland and Wales.
Those arrested are suspected of being involved in a wide variety of cybercrimes including data theft, fraud and virus writing.
One raid the BBC witnessed targeted a man suspected of involvement in a 2012 hack attack on web giant Yahoo.
The week-long series of operations was co-ordinated by the NCA's National Cyber Crime Unit (NCCU) as well as specialist officers from regional organised crime squads and the Metropolitan Police.
West Midlands police arrested a 23-year-old man in Sutton Coldfield who is believed to have been involved in breaking into the network of the US defence department in June 2014.
The biggest operation saw the arrest of 25 people in London and Essex suspected of using the net to steal money, launder cash and carry out other frauds.
The hackers behind that attack stole contact information for about 800 people and data on the network's internal architecture was also pilfered.
I was with one of the teams from the National Crime Agency as they carried out an arrest this week at a flat in north London. One group had tracked the suspect, a 21-year-old student, all the way back from university 40 minutes away.
The arrest had some of the drama of a classic police operation - "Go! Go! Go!" came the command over the walkie-talkie as we approached the suspect's flat. But no doors were kicked in, and there were no shouts of "You're nicked!" The priority was to make sure any computers were seized before they could be shut down or their data encrypted.
Teams arrived with equipment to gather data, and found a laptop and a desktop computer, both of them online. One officer was employed simply keeping her finger on the laptop's trackpad to make sure it didn't go to sleep. Later, police cyber-specialists would spend many hours examining exactly what was on the two computers.
The action also resulted in the arrest of people thought to be part of some well-known hacking groups.
In Leeds, a suspected member of the Lizard Squad group was arrested, and in London a 21-year-old man was taken into custody on suspicion of being part of the D33Ds Company hacking collective.
The D33Ds group is believed to have been behind a 2012 attack on Yahoo that stole more than 400,000 email addresses and passwords subsequently published online.
Investigations about suspects in Sutton Coldfield, Leeds and Willesden were aided by forensic information provided by the FBI.
The other actions targeted alleged phishing gangs, intellectual property thieves, users of financial malware, companies that offer hosting services to crime groups, and many people who took part in so-called DDoS [distributed denial of service] attacks in an attempt to knock websites offline.
One 21-year-old man from County Durham allegedly knocked out the Police Scotland website mounting such a DDoS attack.
"Criminals need to realise that committing crime online will not render them anonymous to law enforcement," said Andy Archibald, deputy director of the NCCU.
"It's imperative that we continue to work with partners to pursue and disrupt the major crime groups targeting the UK."
In addition, this week the NCA coordinated visits to 70 firms to inform them about how vulnerable their servers were to attack and how they could be used by cyberthieves to send out spam or act as proxies for other attacks.
The strike week also involved four forces setting up pop-up shops to give advice to the public about staying safe online and to get their devices checked to make sure they are free of malware and other digital threats.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A senior ambulance officer has admitted failing to "properly assess" the unfolding disaster in front of him at Hillsborough.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary:
E.g. ['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'The four-minute video advises on how to evacuate a building, where to hide, and what information to tell police.\nThe video says people\'s first reaction if they hear gunshots should be to run - as long as it will not put them in greater danger - and not to let others\' indecision "slow you down".\nThe terror threat level in the UK is severe, meaning it is "highly likely".\nSecurity services have been on high alert since the attacks in Paris last month.\nWhat should you do in an attack?\nThe public information film, released by the National Police Chiefs\' Council, tells people to react quickly, first by running for an exit.\n"Insist others come with you, but don\'t let their indecision slow you down," the video says.\n"Consider your route as you leave. Will it place you in the line of fire? Is it safer to wait for the attacker to move away before you continue?"\nIf it is not possible to move to safety, then people are advised to hide.\nThey should consider their exits and escape routes when choosing a hiding place, avoiding dead ends and bottlenecks and staying away from the door.\nMobile phones should be switched to silent and vibrate turned off, the video says, adding: "The best hiding place with protection from gunfire will have a substantial physical barrier between you and the attacker."\nThose able to evacuate should get as far away from the danger area as possible and call the police.\nThe film says: "When the police arrive they will be armed. The police may be unable to distinguish you from the attacker.\n"They may treat you firmly. Do everything they tell you to do. Don\'t make any sudden movements or gestures that may be perceived as a threat."\nPolice said the advice has already been issued to thousands of people during security training sessions but it is now being rolled out more widely.\nMark Rowley, the country\'s most senior counter-terrorism officer, said: "Everyone\'s aware of the terrorist challenges across the world and there have been some awful attacks.\n"It\'s our view that this advice should be rolled out to the public so in the tragic event that anyone gets caught up in a rolling firearms or weapons attack they are better informed and better advised to protect themselves."\nDeputy Assistant Commissioner Neil Basu said the public should not be alarmed by the release of the video.\n"While the general level of threat to the UK is severe, the probability of being caught up in a firearms or weapons attack is very, very small," he said.\n"However, it is important the public know what to do in the event of getting caught up in such an incident."'] == ['', 'Police have released a video telling people to "run, hide, tell" if they are caught up in a terrorist gun attack.']

Paul Eason also told the inquests he failed to fully alert the ambulance control room, despite being their "eyes and ears" inside the stadium.
"Unfortunately, on this day, the eyes were blurred and the ears were blocked," he agreed.
Ninety-six Liverpool fans died following a crush on 15 April 1989.
On the day of the tragedy, Mr Eason, fellow station officer Patrick Higgins, and two other colleagues were positioned in one corner of Sheffield Wednesday's ground just before kick-off.
Three minutes later, at about 15:03, Mr Eason and a colleague noticed something happening on the Leppings Lane terraces and walked over to see what was going on.
A barrister representing some of the families described the walk as a "leisurely stroll" - at this point, it is claimed that Mr Eason did not know the severity of the situation.
Despite walking in front of the pens, Mr Eason said he did not notice fans being crushed inside.
Asked if he heard screaming from the pens, he replied: "All I can remember hearing is a roaring noise."
Mr Eason agreed he "failed to properly assess the situation" on the Leppings Lane terraces at the FA Cup semi-final between Liverpool and Nottingham Forest.
He also accepted he "failed to declare a major emergency at the earliest opportunity", and "failed to relay all the relevant information to South Yorkshire Metropolitan Ambulance Service (SYMAS) control".
Asked whether he thought he adequately informed anyone of what was going on - so hospitals could be prepared - he said: "I think that the mistake that I made there was presuming that the control room would know what I was doing and would pass that information on.
"That was the mistake I made - I assumed they would understand what I was dealing with. Obviously they didn't. They couldn't be expected to."
Transcripts of a conversation between ambulance control and police at 15:08 showed an officer asked for a "fleet of ambulances" and then "all the ambulances you have got available".
A similar conversation was had at 15:09.
On both occasions, the controller said there were officers in the vicinity who could assess the situation.
Mark George QC, who represents a group of families who lost loved ones, asked Mr Eason if he agreed the initial ambulance service response was "a complete shambles".
"We had a delayed response," he replied.
BBC News: Profiles of all those who died
The former station officer also accepted "partial responsibility" for failing to "organise and impose command-and-control from the outset".
The jury heard Mr Eason say that "under extreme circumstances, we all did the best that we could".
Mr Eason was also questioned by Jenni Richards QC, who represents Yorkshire Ambulance Service.
He agreed neither he nor the service had "anything to do with the actions and decisions that led to the severe overcrowding".
Ms Richards also said the SYMAS presence at the ground was "very modest" and included Mr Eason and three colleagues.
Asked whether "any amount of training, however good, could really have prepared" him for what happened, he said: "No. I have never experienced anything like it before or since."
The inquests, sitting in Warrington, continue.

Nabila Nanfuka, 22, and Laurene-Danielle Jackson, 19, suffered fatal injuries while trying to leave the Lava and Ignite club in Northampton in 2011.
The Independent Police Complaints Commission looked into police actions.
An inquest found 14 DJ announcements in 30 minutes had been the most significant cause of overcrowding.
About 900 students travelled to the club from around the country and the DJs called for universities to leave one after the other, often with just a few minutes between them.
The IPCC investigation found it more than likely police had not been informed of the event and was only alerted when a large number of people began arriving at the club.
The report said there is "sufficient evidence to suggest the decisions and actions of the police during the incident were appropriate".
It added there was "no evidence of a criminal offence having been committed by any police officer".
The report concluded that "every officer involved made a significant contribution to the effective policing of the tragedy".
During an inquest last week, it was reported that a series of announcements reminding people not to miss their coaches had been made in the early hours of 19 October.
The inquest jury concluded the second most significant factor was the lack of overall management of the cloakroom.
The Crown Prosecution Service previously determined there would be no criminal charges brought against anyone following the incident.
Ms Nanfuka, of Neasden, north London, was studying a leisure and tourism degree at the University of Northampton. She died at Northampton General Hospital on 19 October.
Ms Jackson, of Wembley, was studying psychology at Kingston University and died at Leicester's Glenfield Hospital on 6 November.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: The UK's first national centre dedicated to the art and culture of videogames opens this weekend.

The Â£2.5m National Videogame Arcade (NVA), in Nottingham, celebrates the industry through interactive exhibits and vintage arcade machines.
The NVA follows the success of Game City, an annual videogame festival held in Nottingham since 2006.
Games entrepreneur Ian Livingstone said it was about time the country had a centre devoted to videogames.
He said: "We only have to see the evidence all around us, on public transport you see people playing games on smartphone devices, in the home, everywhere we go, it's pervasive.
"The games industry is worth $100bn alone.
"It's not just guys making games for guys, there's cultural and diverse content and also diversity in creation, which is more important."
It is apparent when you visit the centre how, whether you like it or not, videogames are a huge part of our lives. The question is why has it taken so long for a national centre to be set up?
For me memories came flooding back of afternoons spent in seaside arcades by the appearance of vintage arcade games like Track and Field and Donkey Kong.
The staff at the National Videogame Arcade are passionate about the industry and are on a quest to show that it is just as important to the UK as art, film and theatre.
The centre lies in the heart of Nottingham's creative quarter, in Hockley. It has five floors and boasts vintage arcade machines, interactive exhibits, a cinema, cafe and an education space.
Jonathan Smith, one of the centre's directors, said the building would be a "cathedral" for the art form and a unique visitor attraction.
The industry has often come under fire for the content of a number of 18 certificated titles including Grand Theft Auto.
However, Mr Smith said criticism of gaming was unfair and he hoped the NVA would help change people's minds.
"Videogames are fantastic learning tools for children, they encourage creativity, experimentation and social play with others," he said.
"They are part of a healthy diet of different learning techniques and of different activities which of course includes going outside, running around and making things with your hands, but within that rich landscape I think [videogames] play a really important role."
The NVA is set to open on Saturday morning.
It was a question asked by national media during the press day at the NVA and several reasons were given.
Ian Livingstone, who co-founded Games Workshop, which is based in Nottingham, said games had a "long legacy" in the city.
"Games and Nottingham sit hand and hand," he said.
However, the NVA has not emerged out of nothing. Game City, a festival celebrating videogames as cultural works, began in 2006 in partnership with Nottingham Trent University.
The event is still going strong after nine years and has always been backed by Nottingham City Council.

Bang Goes the Borders promises a wide range of attractions with an educational element.
Scientists from Heriot Watt University will be on hand to encourage the children to learn about science and consider it as a future career.
The open event at St Mary's School starts on Friday evening and runs throughout Saturday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story!

Question: A stunt cyclist who was left paralysed in a crash has been urged not to sell his bike to pay for rehabilitation equipment.

Martyn Ashton, who was also a British and World Champion mountain bike trials rider, lost the use of his legs in an accident during a live show in 2013.
The 41-year-old from Margam, Neath Port Talbot, hoped to raise money for his ongoing care by selling his bike.
But supporters on Facebook said they would raise the money instead.
Mr Ashton was a well-respected professional stunt cyclist, with his videos Road Bike Party and Road Bike Party 2 gaining more than 28 million views between them on YouTube.
Since the accident at British Moto GP at Silverstone he has been having "incredible" treatment on the NHS, but he said he also wanted to buy additional equipment and adapt his house.
But when he tried to sell his bike on Facebook, he was inundated with offers of help to raise the money.
"The support has been amazing," said Mr Ashton, who lives with his wife and 15-year-old son.
"I think generally people are really nice. They probably don't want to spend thousands of pounds on a bike but want to help with my recovery.
"It's that great human spirit where people want to help.
"But I don't feel right taking people's money and also keeping the bike. So I'm considering what to do next - maybe I could have the appeal and then donate the bike to somebody."
He added that despite his paralysis, he felt lucky.
"I get a lot of positive energy from people on Facebook and this is another moment of that."

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Dean Smahon, 54, had a 10% chance of survival when he fell ill in 2010 and hospital staff missed opportunities to treat his sepsis in time.
The former police officer from Londonderry was living in Leeds.
He was placed in an induced coma at Leeds General Infirmary after his flu-like symptoms.
The pain worsened and his body fell into septic shock.
Septicaemia or sepsis is a life-threatening condition that arises when the body's response to an infection injures its own tissues and organs.
Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust has since admitted its staff missed opportunities to treat Mr Smahon's infection and has apologised.
He was released from hospital after three months but has undergone 30 operations over two years including amputations to his legs, hand, fingers, part of his nose and right ear.
The former Northern Ireland javelin thrower had only been in a relationship with his wife Kirsty for seven weeks before falling ill.
He said: "I was active, I liked to keep fit, I had pride in how I looked, I'd met a girl I really liked and all of a sudden I had to cope with losing my legs, hand and bits of my face.
"I'd lost my dignity and self-worth. Kirsty left her teaching job to care for me.
"It was a very dark period and I felt as though life wasn't worth living."
The couple are expecting their first child in February after IVF treatment, something Mr Smahon said he never dreamed they would be able to do.
Lawyers helped him to get an interim payment in 2015 to buy better prosthetics, an adapted car and rent a bungalow.
His legal team is now trying to secure him an award for damages.


Question: represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story.

Question: Two men arrested on Tuesday in Strabane by police investigating offences linked to the wake and funeral of Peggy O'Hara in Londonderry have been released.

A 53-year-old man has been released pending a report to the Public Prosecution Service and a 34-year-old man has been released unconditionally.
Mrs O'Hara was the mother of an INLA man who died in the 1981 hunger strike.
Dozens of people in paramilitary-style uniform attended the funeral last July.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Patrick Fitzpatrick, who is believed to be from the Lagmore area of west Belfast, appeared at Lisburn Magistrate's Court on Thursday.
He has been charged with possessing a Glock pistol with intent to endanger life.
Mr Fitzpatrick was refused bail.
An argument for bail, made by his defence lawyer, was rejected by the judge after a detective said he remained a suspect in the investigation into Mr McGuigan's murder.
Mr McGuigan Sr, 53, was murdered at his home at Comber Court in the Short Strand area of east Belfast last week.
On Thursday evening, two men aged 26 and 49 arrested by police investigating Mr McGuigan's murder were released unconditionally.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: Maoist rebels have killed at least 15 policemen in the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, police say.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

The patrol was on its way to provide security to workers building a road in Sukma district when rebels fired at them, officials say.
Twenty-five policemen were injured in the attack, senior police officer Mukesh Gupta told BBC Hindi.
Chhattisgarh is a stronghold of the rebels who say they are fighting for the rights of the poor.
The Maoists are active in more than a third of India's 600 districts and control large areas of several states in a "red corridor" stretching from north-east to central India.
Tuesday's ambush happened in the Tongpal area of Sukma.
It is not clear whether the rebels suffered any casualties.
Last May, rebels attacked a convoy carrying state Congress leaders and party workers in Sukma, killing 27 people, including some top state politicians.
And in April 2012, rebels kidnapped a senior government official in the district, which is part of the Maoist-dominated Bastar region. Alex Paul Menon was freed after 12 days in captivity.
The Maoist insurgency began in West Bengal state in the late 1960s and has become, according to Prime Minister Manmohan Singh, the country's "greatest internal security challenge".
Major military and police offensives in recent years have pushed the rebels back to their forest strongholds and levels of violence have fallen.
But hit-and-run attacks are still common, killing hundreds of people every year.

Khumlo Abi Anal of the separatist National Socialist Council of Nagaland has been held in what is the first arrest in the case, the National Investigation Agency (NIA) said.
The ambush occurred last month near the border with Myanmar in Manipur state.
Indian army attacked rebel camps inside Myanmar days after the attack.
Indian authorities said at the time that troops had destroyed two rebel camps in Myanmar and "returned safely", but Myanmar denied the reports.
The NIA said in a statement that  "investigation has revealed that the accused [Khumlo Abi Anal] was extensively involved in the conspiracy to attack the army personnel".
Last month's attack took place in the state's Chandel district, close to the border with Myanmar.
Police said rebels used rocket-propelled grenades and assault rifles to target the soldiers.
There has been a fresh surge in attacks on Indian troops along the border with Myanmar after a number of rebel groups joined hands and formed a new coalition in India's restive north-east.
Manipur has been relatively peaceful in recent years and the attack took authorities by surprise.
Along with other north-east Indian states, Manipur is poorly developed and has long complained of neglect by the federal government, fuelling unrest, correspondents say.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: South Africa, Uganda, Nigeria and Burkina Faso all recorded victories on Saturday as qualifying continued across Africa for the 2018 World Cup in Russia.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

South Africa inflicted a first competitive defeat on Senegal since January 2015, winning 2-1 in Polokwane to go second on goal difference in Group D behind Burkina Faso who won 2-0 away to Cape Verde.
Algeria also suffered their first competitive defeat since the 2015 Nations Cup with a 2-1 loss in Nigeria.
The Super Eagles have taken a four point lead in Group B after Cameroon were held to a 1-1 draw by Zambia.
Uganda's recent resurgence continued with a 1-0 victory over Congo Brazzaville in Kampala to lead the Group E standings.
Group B:
Group C:
Group D:
Group  E:
South Africa coach Ephraim 'Shakes' Mashaba knew that anything less than a win against Group D pacesetters Senegal would increase the pressure on him, after Bafana Bafana failed to qualify for the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in Gabon.
The hosts took the lead in the 43rd minute after a contentious penalty was awarded for handball.
Thulani Hlatshwayo confidently shot past Abdoulaye Diallo to successfully convert the spot-kick and put South Africa 1-0 up.
Just minutes later, Bafana Bafana doubled their lead on the stroke of half-time thanks to an impressive individual goal from Thulani Serero to leave Senegal facing an uphill task.
Senegal grabbed a consolation goal 15 minutes from time through Cheikh Ndoye, but they could not find a path through a stubborn South African defence, to taste a competitive defeat for the first time in almost two years.
South Africa are second in group D after Burkina Faso went top on goal-difference with a 2-0 win away to Cape Verde.
First-half goals from Banou Diawara and Prejuce Nakoulma gave Burkina Faso the victory in Praia.
Chelsea's Victor Moses scored twice as Nigeria kept up their winning start to the group phase of 2018 World Cup qualifying with a 3-1 victory over Algeria in Uyo to make it two wins out of two in Group B.
The Super Eagles took the lead through Moses in the 25th minute, and they made it 2-0 just before half-time when another Chelsea player, John Mikel Obi, beat Algeria's off-side trap to slot home as Algeria's defenders stood and watched.
Algeria did have chances to get back into the game - the best of them coming from Nabil Bentaleb who missed from close range.
Bentaleb made amends mid-way through the second half with a powerful shot from 25 yards to make it 2-1.
That goal made it a frenetic end to the match, with Nigeria making sure of the three points with a third goal - a second from Moses - in stoppage time to win 3-1.
Nigeria have a comfortable cushion at the top of Group B, after Cameroon were held to a 1-1 draw at home by Zambia in Limbe.
Zambia took a shock lead through Collins Mbesuma in the 34th minute, with Cameroon's equaliser coming from the penalty spot, as Vincent Aboubakar struck just before half-time.
In a blow for Zambia, their influential TP Mazembe player Rainford Kalaba was booked with the Zambia FA confirming he will now miss their match against Algeria.
In Kampala, Uganda picked up three more points in Group E with a 1-0 win over Congo Brazzaville.
A goal from 18-year-old forward Farouk Miya in the 18th minute was enough to give the Cranes a vital victory which takes them to the top of the group on four points.
Miya, who plays for Standard Liege in Belgium, controlled the ball effortlessly to shoot past Congolese goalkeeper Mongondza Ngobo, and add another goal to his growing international tally.
Uganda had a wealth of chances for both Miya and captain Geofrey Massa, but the hosts failed to make the most of their opportunities in front of goal.
They were almost made to pay late on in the match when their Congolese opponents had a clear shot on goal, only for the Ugandan defence to clear it off the line.
Veteran Cranes midfielder Tony Mawejje was visibly upset when stretchered off with an injury midway through the second half, an incident that clouded an otherwise impressive afternoon for the hosts.
In Group C, Mali and Gabon drew 0-0 in Bamako, while Morocco and leaders Ivory Coast also saw out a goalless draw.
On Friday, the second round of group games got underway in Algeria where the Group A match between Libya and Tunisia took place on security grounds.
A penalty from Sunderland's Wahbi Khazri was enough to give Tunisia a 1-0 victory and take them to the top of Group A with two wins out of two.
Libya are bottom of the group after two consecutive defeats.
The other Group A game pits Guinea against the Democratic Republic of Congo - one of two African 2018 World Cup qualifiers on Sunday. The other Sunday fixture is between Egypt and Ghana in group E.
Only the five group winners will qualify for Russia 2018.

His first spell in charge was in 2013 and lasted just seven months.
The 54-year-old replaces Henryk Kasperczak, who was sacked in April, after Tunisia were knocked out of the 2017 Africa Cup of Nations in the quarter-finals
He led Tunisian club Esperance to the 2011 African Champions League title and has also spent time in charge of the Kuwait national team.
Maaloul's fist competitive game will be at home to Egypt in a 2019 Africa Cup of Nations qualifier.
Niger and Swaziland are the other two teams in Group J for the qualifying campaign to reach Cameroon.
Tunisia are currently joint top with DR Congo of Group A in qualifying for the 2018 World Cup on six points after two matches as they aim to reach the finals for the first time since 2006.
Guinea and Libya are yet to score a point.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A Spitfire propeller has been unearthed by archaeologists who have been granted permission to continue a dig, despite the discovery of a bone fragment.

A cigarette case and parts of bodywork have also been found during the dig for the plane at Holme Fen, Cambridgeshire.
Permission to resume the excavation was granted by the coroner.
The bone is believed to be from the pilot, whose body was recovered from the aeroplane shortly after its crash during a training exercise in 1940.
Oxford Archaeology East said the dig had stopped because "a fragment of human skeletal remains" was found.
The group was notified by the coroner at 18:00 BST on Thursday that it had permission to continue with the excavation, a spokeswoman said.
"There was a likelihood of some human remains being present, albeit fragmentary - a common occurrence in high-speed crashes.
"This was a reason for having a full professional archaeological excavation, so that things could be done thoroughly, with protocol and with respect," the spokeswoman said.
The Spitfire crashed, nose first, at 300mph (483km/h) during the World War Two training mission.
The cause of the crash of the Rhodesian Squadron Royal Air Force plane was never fully established, although an investigation concluded either Pilot Officer Harold Penketh's oxygen system failed or there was a physical failure of the plane.
So far archaeologists have dug two metres down and found the original excavation site for the recovery of the pilot's body by RAF Wittering, which took seven days at the time.
They have also recovered the starter motor, control panels from the cockpit, part of the oxygen system and the entire remains of one of the fuel tanks of the Mk 1A Spitfire X4583.
They also hope to recover the engine.

The Sheffield toddler was 21 months old when he went missing on 24 July 1991.
Officers uncovered ancient graves on Thursday during a fresh excavation of the area, which began on Monday.
Police said they were asked to stop by the landowner, but his concerns about the tombs had been resolved and the search would continue as planned.
Det Insp Jon Cousins, of South Yorkshire Police, said: "With the support of Greek authorities and in consultation with the landowner we have now resumed the dig and our search continues."
Specialists have been combing the farmland where Ben was last seen playing.
They were working on a tip-off he may have been crushed by a digger machine while his grandparents were renovating a farmhouse on the 2.5-acre site in the village of Iraklise.
Mr Cousins said: "Yesterday we unearthed an ancient burial site in the search for Ben.
"This site is of archaeological significance and so work was required to secure it.
"Whilst this matter was resolved, some of our officers visited the second site to ensure no time was wasted."
The four or five graves that diggers uncovered are believed to date from about 1,500 years ago.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story:

Question: Liverpool's Joel Matip is one of seven Cameroon players who have said they do not want to go to the Africa Cup of Nations, which begins on 14 January.

The defender cited a "bad experience" with the previous coaching staff, according to a Cameroon football association (Fecafoot) statement.
The federation reserves the right to take action against the players
West Brom full-back Allan Nyom is also among the seven.
Fecafoot can ask Fifa to suspend the players at club level for the duration of the three-week tournament.
Cameroon coach Hugo Broos said: "These players have put personal interest above those of the national team and the federation reserves the right to take action against the players in accordance with Fifa regulations."
Centre-back Matip, 25, joined Liverpool on a free transfer in the summer having previously been at Bundesliga club Schalke. He has made 14 appearances for the Reds this season.
Nyom, who told Broos he wanted to stay at West Brom to keep his place in the team, joined the Baggies from Watford in the last transfer window. The 28-year-old has also made 14 appearances for the club so far.
The other five Cameroon players are Andre Onana (Ajax Amsterdam), Guy N'dy Assembe (Nancy), Maxime Poundje (Girondins Bordeaux), Andre-Frank Zambo Anguissa (Olympique Marseille) and Ibrahim Amadou (Lille).
All seven had earlier this month been named in a preliminary list of 35 for the tournament - the final 23-man squad will be named next week.
Cameroon are drawn in Group A with the hosts Gabon, Burkina Faso and Guinea Bissau.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

The 25-year-old Sunderland winger was carried off on a stretcher in Cairo during his team's defeat by Egypt.
"It's not serious, it's a benign ankle sprain," the federation said in a statement on its website. "He will be able to play in Gabon."
Tunisia will play Senegal on Sunday.
They will also face Algeria and Zimbabwe in Group B at the finals, which run from 14 January to 5 February.
Khazri is one of Tunisia's key players, even though he has had a lack of game time for his Premier League club over the last few months.


Question: represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Chris Coleman has masterminded Wales' greatest football achievement - and is on the brink of British football's finest moment for half a century.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary!

Media playback is not supported on this device
Yet the manager describes himself as a man who has had "more failures than I've had success".
It was a typically candid comment, coming in the aftermath of the momentous 3-1 win over Belgium in the quarter-finals of Euro 2016.
Wales are now just 90 minutes away from the lucrative final of a major tournament for the first time.
Their journey into uncharted territory has been an uplifting tale, and the spirit of the adventure has resulted in Coleman's stock rising to an all-time high.
Yet his journey to this pinnacle has not been straightforward. This is a story of a man who has shown great resolve in the face of adversity - and is now reaping the benefits of always "daring to dream".
Coleman's playing career ended prematurely and in brutal circumstances, as injuries sustained in a car crash in January 2001 forced the then Wales and Fulham centre-back to retire.
Despite battling back to make a brief swansong appearance for Wales as a late substitute in the win over Germany in May 2002, Coleman had to confront the grim reality and announced his retirement five months later aged just 32.
"He is not one for talking a lot about his innermost feelings. But after that [the crash] he did write me a letter," says Kit Symons, Coleman's former centre-back partner for Fulham and Wales.
Media playback is not supported on this device
"It is probably the only time he wrote a letter to me and I have kept it to this day. I will not say what was in it and he probably won't thank me for mentioning it.
"But arguably the accident was the biggest event of his life along with the birth of his children and getting married. For someone who is always laughing and joking and taking the Mickey, it showed the magnitude of what happened."
Coleman's son Sonny, now 23 and working as an agent, was 10 when his father had his crash.
"He never let on how bad it was, larger-than-life character that he is," he says.
"I didn't even see a change in him, but he knew he would have to retire. He tore his Achilles tendon, broke his fibula and tibia, shattered his knees - basically all the worst injuries you could imagine for a footballer.
"Despite that, he was still himself, still laughing and joking. It was nice of [then Wales manager] Mark Hughes to give him those two minutes against Germany."
Coleman's final international appearance came as a substitute for a player making his first, Robert Earnshaw.
"That was a great thing to do. I always respect it when there's that respect for players who are retiring, giving them a chance to say goodbye," says Earnshaw, who scored the only goal in that memorable victory.
"I was making my debut so it was the beginning of my career and the end of his. It was a nice moment."
The silver lining of Coleman's early retirement was a fast-tracked route to top-flight management, succeeding Jean Tigana at Fulham in April 2003 to become the Premier League's youngest manager.
He impressed at Craven Cottage, guiding Fulham to four years of mid-table stability before a poor run of results led to his sacking in April 2007.
Coleman's next job was in Spain with Real Sociedad, fulfilling a long-standing ambition to manage abroad - but things did not go according to plan.
Late for a news conference and untraceable on his mobile phone, when Coleman finally turned up an hour and a half later he told waiting journalists his washing machine had flooded his flat.
However, Spanish newspaper Marca published stories suggesting Coleman had been out partying until 5am and the former Wales defender eventually admitted doing so, before apologising for his "mistake".
"I have had to change quite a bit about myself and that is probably maturity as well," says Coleman.
"When I was 32 I'd look back to when I was 20 and think, 'Why did I do that; that was stupid' and, equally now, I look back to when I was 32, 33 or 34 and think, 'I can't believe I did that'."
With Sociedad just a point away from the automatic promotion places in Spain's second division, Coleman resigned - citing his untenable relationship with the club's president - and he returned to England with Coventry.
Former Coventry chairman Ray Ranson hired Coleman in 2008 but sacked him a little over two years later as the Sky Blues finished the 2009-10 season in 19th place in the Championship - their lowest league finish in more than 45 years.
"We had a good working relationship but in the end it didn't help the situation that we were financially hamstrung by the people I owned the club with. I think we were both let down in that sense," says Ranson.
"The players really liked him. Nobody at Coventry has a bad word to say against him. I do think international management suits him."
In an attempt to rebuild his reputation, Coleman took charge of Greek second division side Larissa - following a recommendation from Sir Alex Ferguson.
"He'd told me to take whatever came up, so I did," says Coleman.
"If you get it wrong, two jobs running getting it wrong it's hard to get a third one. That's generally the rule. I got it wrong at Coventry. I could give you sob stories but, if I'm honest, I should have done better.
"A year out was good, thinking about my approach in and outside the job. But it was still the second division in Greece. One of the best things I've ever done because you find out a lot about yourself out of a comfortable environment."
With Larissa's financial difficulties meaning Coleman went for long periods without being paid, he left again despite some encouraging results.
He secured the job of his dreams in January 2012, though it was in tragic circumstances as he succeeded Gary Speed as Wales manager following his close friend's death two months earlier.
"I'm here for a lot of right reasons and I'm here for a lot of wrong reasons, and that doesn't really sit right with me," Coleman said at the time.
"But of course I'm extremely proud to be leading my country. It's my proudest moment."
The first few months of Coleman's reign were turbulent. After overseeing a friendly against Costa Rica in tribute to Speed, he lost his first four games in charge in earnest - the worst start by a Wales manager.
The most galling result was a 6-1 mauling by Serbia in Novi Sad, Wales' heaviest defeat for 16 years.
Coleman considered his future afterwards but Earnshaw, who was in Wales' squad that night, says the players were not aware of their manager's inner turmoil.
"There was emotion but no hinting it was too much for him," he says.
"It doesn't surprise me that he thought that, but when sometimes you can't see the end of the tunnel, it can be very, very difficult and dark."
Less than a year into his tenure, Coleman was already under intense pressure.
Victory against Scotland lifted some of the gloom and, although Wales failed in their attempts to qualify for the 2014 World Cup, finishing with a commendable draw in Belgium provided a glimmer of hope.
The start of Euro 2016 qualifying brought renewed optimism with a relatively kind draw and a promising group of players featuring Gareth Bale, Aaron Ramsey and Ashley Williams.
Wales delivered on their promise handsomely by securing their place at a major tournament for the first time since the 1958 World Cup.
Having overseen one of Wales' most humiliating results, Coleman had orchestrated one of their proudest moments.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Wales' transformation under Coleman has been remarkable. Five months before he was appointed, Wales were ranked 117th in the world, their lowest position.
Four and a half years into his reign, Coleman is preparing Wales for a first semi-final in a major tournament.
"He had a difficult start but since he's put his own stamp on the team he's been absolutely incredible," says the talisman of the current side, Gareth Bale.
"He initially wanted to try and not change too much, too soon. Obviously results did not go the right way. He changed it and it has paid massive dividends."
The success has not changed him as a person to those closest to him.
"I've always seen him as a big character and he has always been my hero," says Sonny.
"He was 22 when I was born so, with the age gap quite small, we're best friends as well as father and son.
"He was a big influence and one of the reasons why I'm working in football now - the 'dark side' as my dad calls it!
"We have the same kind of interests, the same music taste. Johnny Cash was my grandfather's favourite. He sadly passed away two years ago, but he passed that on to my dad and he's passed it on to me.
"My dad likes the Rolling Stones, the Red Hot Chili Peppers and the Foo Fighters - and if Wales win, he'll always play 'Wonderwall' by Oasis."
The key to Coleman's - and Wales' - success is the absence of fear. There is no fear of failure. He and his players dare to dream.
And if they continue in the same vein against Portugal on Wednesday, there is a fair chance the Welsh changing room at Lyon's Parc Olympique Lyonnais will be shaking to the strains of 'Wonderwall'.

But why the 31-year-old defender lines up wearing the Welsh dragon, not the Three Lions of England, is an extraordinary coincidence and thanks to the inquisitive detective skills of former Wales youth coach Brian Flynn.
"I was playing for Stockport County," Wolverhampton-born Williams recalled. "Luckily we had [Wales goalkeeper] Wayne Hennessey on loan, so Brian Flynn came to watch.
"He liked me during the game and recognised that I had a Welsh surname.
"Then Wales called Stockport to check if 'Williams' had any Welsh roots and they asked me and I said 'yes'.
"Then I got the call-up by the manager John Toshack."
Williams, the former Drayton Manor Park fairground worker, has certainly enjoyed a 'Roy of The Rovers' career from non-league part-timer at Hednesford Town to being one of the Premier League's best defenders and a League Cup-winning captain.
Former England captain Rio Ferdinand has wondered why a top club has not attempted to prise Williams from Swansea City and many pundits would argue that Wales' 'Mr Dependable' will be the finest defender on show in Thursday's crucial Group B fixture.
Media playback is not supported on this device
Williams acknowledges he dreamed of starring at a major tournament when he was growing up in the West Midlands - but envisaged it being with Wales' fiercest rivals and opponents on Thursday.
"I did grow up in England and followed the England football team," he told BBC Wales Sport.
"It is a bit strange for me, but I am the captain of Wales, all my loyalties lie with Wales and the football team.
"Wales was not on my radar - I can't say it was. I never imagined when I was growing up being at a major tournament as anything other than a fan.
"My grandad on my mother's side was Welsh and I am very grateful for that. It is all I have known for ages.
"Mum and dad are really proud. I have lived in Wales for nine years now and every time I play for Wales and the national anthem is played, my mother gets emotional.
"A few of my English friends now support Wales and then there are a few who support England who want tickets, but I have told them none of them can have tickets just to watch England!"
Williams wasn't just missed by England. He was also released by West Bromwich Albion as a 16-year-old and waited on tables before his big professional chance with Stockport.
Flynn's investigative nature transformed Williams' career and life.
Within 48 hours of his Wales debut in Luxembourg in March 2008, Williams had signed for Swansea and was about to start a journey that would take him from League One to the Europa League and Euro 2016.
Leading Wales in their first major finals since the 1958 World Cup is among Williams' "proudest moments".
But his European Championship debut looked as if it would end prematurely as he started limping in the second half of Saturday's memorable win over Slovakia.
The Swans centre-back took a kick to the leg during the 2-1 victory in Bordeaux.
Williams finished the game but required treatment to ease swelling although he insists "it's fine" for Thursday's meeting with the land of his father.
Williams' appearance history suggests he, of all players, will proudly lead out his adopted nation in arguably the biggest game in their history in Lens.
For a start, no-one has played more Premier League games since Swansea's promotion in 2011 than Williams.
England goalkeeper Joe Hart is the only one that comes close.
And the man hailed as Wales' Mr Indestructible has missed just eight Wales games in eight years since his first cap 59 games ago - and only two of those absences were because of injury.
"I could never have imagined being in this position when I was down in the lower leagues," admitted Williams.
"I am looking forward to it massively. We have all worked so hard to get to this point."
And none work harder than the captain, Wales' own West Midlands warrior.
Who do you think should start at Euro 2016? Step into Chris Colemanâ€™s shoes and pick your XI - and then share it with your friends using our brand new team selector.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: Parliamentary elections are being held in Iceland, with an anti-establishment party set to make gains.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Polls show the Pirate Party could help topple the centre-right government and form a majority coalition with other opposition parties.
The early election was triggered by the resignation of Prime Minister Sigmundur Gunnlaugsson in April.
He stepped down in the wake of the leaked Panama Papers which revealed the offshore assets of high-profile people.
The Pirate Party has won support from many in the wake of Iceland's 2008 financial crisis and the Panama Papers' revelations earlier this year.
The party wants more political transparency, more freedom from copyright restrictions on the internet and more protection of citizens' data.
The party also calls for free healthcare for all Icelanders and "active public participation and supervision of those in power".
Opponents, however, say the Pirate Party's lack of political experience could scare off investors and destabilise Iceland's recovering economy.
Recent polls indicate that the governing coalition of the Independence and Progressive parties stands to lose its current majority in Iceland's parliament, the Althing.
Observers say the Pirates could form a majority with opposition parties the Social Democratic Alliance, the Left-Green Movement and Bright Future.
The leaked Panama Papers - from Panama law firm Mossack Fonseca - showed Mr Gunnlaugsson owned an offshore firm with his wife.
Mr Gunnlaugsson says he sold his shares to his wife and denies any wrongdoing.

Overall, increased by 0.1% to 43.1%, after decades of decline. Belgium, where voting is compulsory, recorded 90% attendance while Slovaks showed the least enthusiasm - just 13% turned out.
The centre-right EPP is set to take the largest share of the seats, with an estimated 208 - against 186 for the centre-left S&D bloc.
The EPP choice for president of the European Commission, former Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, has already claimed the post for himself, despite opposition from the UK's ruling Conservative Party.
Soundbite: "I don't care. I'm not on my knees. I won the election" - former Luxembourg Prime Minister Jean-Claude Juncker, speaking about his critics.
The two big upsets of the elections are the far right coming first in France and Eurosceptics taking top spot in the UK.
In France, the National Front overcame its pariah status to win 24 seats, coming first in about 70% of the country's regions. The centre-right opposition UMP saw its share of seats shrink from 29 to 20, prompting party leader Jean-Francois Cope to announce his resignation in the autumn. The UMP has been dogged by a party funding scandal.
Meanwhile, the ruling Socialists lost only one seat, but remained with a meagre tally of 13. President Francois Hollande reacted by calling on the EU to reform and scale back its power,
The UK Independence Party (UKIP) had 27.5% of the vote and 24 MEPs in the UK. The opposition Labour Party, on 25%, narrowly beat the ruling Conservatives to take second place.
It was the first time in over a century that a national vote had not been won by either the Conservatives or Labour.
Soundbite: "They [the people] no longer want to be led by those outside our borders, by EU commissioners and technocrats who are unelected" - Marine Le Pen, leader of French National Front.
Parties of the radical left did well in the crisis-hit southern states of the eurozone but in Greece the far right continued to build support.
Defying opinion polls which forecast a single seat, Spain's new Podemos party, which has its roots in the indignado movement, won five seats and nearly 8% of the vote, coming fourth just behind the former communists. The ruling centre-right Popular Party remained in front but took heavy losses along with the opposition Socialists, the two parties losing eight and nine seats respectively.
In Greece, the far-left Syriza coalition came first with 26.6% (six seats) while the ruling conservative New Democracy party took 22.8% (five seats). But Golden Dawn, the far-right party whose leaders are under criminal investigation, came third with 9.4% and three seats.
After three years of austerity in Portugal, the opposition Socialists took the lead with 31.5% of the vote and eight seats, against 27.7% and seven seats for the ruling coalition of social democrat and centre-right parties.
In the Republic of Ireland, Sinn Fein, the former political wing of the Irish Republican Army militant group and a Syriza ally, won three seats - one short of Fine Gael, the senior party in the ruling coalition. The leader of the Labour Party, the coalition's junior partner, announced he was resigning. Eamon Gilmore's party failed to win any seats.
Soundbite: "We can't talk about the end, but we can talk about the beginning of the end of [the two-party system]" -  Pablo Iglesias, leader of Podemos.
The surprise of the night for many was how the centre-left Democratic Party in the ruling coalition built itself a handsome lead, ending with nearly 41% of the vote and 31 seats.
Beppe Grillo's Eurosceptic Five Star Movement came second with 21% and 17 seats, doing worse than at the national election last year.
The Forza Italia party of disgraced former Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi came third with 16.8% and 13 seats.
Soundbite: "Italy now has the task of showing that is a leader, not a follower, in Europe" - Prime Minister Matteo Renzi.
The importance of the European elections in Belgium was eclipsed by the general election, in which Flemish nationalists came first. Prime Minister Elio Di Rupo, a Socialist from the French-speaking part of the country, resigned.
Mr Di Rupo had led his coalition government for two-and-a-half years, following a record period of 541 days when the country was without a government.
In a surprise result, the Eurosceptic Freedom Party of Geert Wilders fell from second place to fourth in the Netherlands, but still won three seats.
The Dutch also returned one MEP for the Party for the Animals for the first time.
Soundbite: "The Dutch have drawn the conclusion that the European Union means strength and extreme nationalism is a danger" - former Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt.
Chancellor Angela Merkel's centre-right CDU/CSU consolidated its lead at 35.3%, while its junior partner in coalition, the Social Democrats, also got good news when it raised its share of the vote from 20.8% in 2009 to 27.3% this year.
There will be two German newcomers in the European Parliament: the anti-euro Alternative for Germany, with seven seats, and the far-right National Democratic Party, with one seat.
Soundbite: "We won't work with right-wing populists" - Bernd Lucke, leader of Alternative for Germany.
The anti-immigration People's Party came first in Denmark with four seats and nearly 27% of the vote. It distanced itself from the National Front in France and Golden Dawn in Greece. Correspondents say the party's success may put pressure on the ruling coalition to harden its own policies.
Sweden elected its first MEP from what is said to be the only formal feminist party in the European Parliament, the Feminist Initiative. It campaigned under the slogan, "Out With Racists And In With Feminists". Meanwhile, the anti-immigration Sweden Democrats won nearly 10% and two seats.
Finland's Eurosceptic True Finns Party won two seats and nearly 13% of the vote, falling well short of forecasts.
Soundbite: "It's deplorable that parties like Le Pen's National Front and Golden Dawn gain ground, but they do [so] because the established parties let the Europeans down" - Morten Messerschmidt, member of the Danish People's Party.
Poland, which has the largest number of seats among the newer EU states (51), saw a tie in the number of seats won by the governing Civic Platform party and opposition Law and Justice party - 19 each.
In Hungary, the conservative Fidesz party of Prime Minister Viktor Orban did even better than at the general election last month, going from 45% to 51.5% and winning 12 seats.
The far-right Jobbik party won three seats again but its share of the vote fell from 21% in April to just under 15%.
Political instability continued in Bulgaria where the conservative opposition party Gerb, ousted last year after street protests, bested the ruling Socialists, winning 30.5% to 19%.
Soundbite: "Now go to Europe and never forget that Hungary comes number one. If we remember that, we can be great again" - Hungarian Prime Minister Viktor Orban.
Lithuania's elections were dominated by the run-off round of its presidential election, won convincingly by incumbent Dalia Grybauskaite who stood on an anti-Kremlin platform, warning of the threat posed by the current Russian leadership.
Soundbite: "We are in a vortex of threats today" - Dalia Grybauskaite, speaking just before the election.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A man in his 30s has been detained after a security operation at an apartment block in Londonderry.

The incident began at about 14:30 GMT on Monday at flats at John Street, close to Craigavon Bridge, and ended just after 20:00 GMT.
Police said they had concerns for the welfare of a man who was in a distressed state in one of the flats.
Residents had to be moved from their homes for several hours.
Specialist police units and other emergency services were involved in the operation.

Police say the security operation is continuing.
Earlier, a number of people who had to leave their homes returned to their houses.
It was reported on Wednesday that a bomb had been left in the area. There was a police presence in the area on Friday.
An anonymous telephone call was passed to police on Wednesday to say a device had been left at Legavallon Road.
Part of the road has been closed to traffic and diversions are in place.


Question:
this is the first sentence of a news article. represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

------

The provided query could be '['Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details', "A series of silent movie screenings will celebrate Yorkshire's links to the early pioneers of film."]' and the positive '['represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence\n\nFor example, Some of the world\'s top cyclists will head to Southwold on 15 June for the third Women\'s Tour, with the 132km (82 miles) stage one ending in Norwich.\nThe tour, which was won by Germany\'s Lisa Brennauer in 2015, will take place over five days and end in Kettering.\nIt will also pass through Warwickshire, Derbyshire, Nottinghamshire, Staffordshire and Northamptonshire.\nThe first stage of the race will begin a few miles down the coast from Aldeburgh, where Lizzie Armitstead crashed while celebrating a stage victory last year.\nArmistead, who was ruled out of the rest of the tour, says she is excited about this year\'s event.\n"As a British rider it\'s a privilege to be able to compete on home roads," she said. "The British public have really taken to cycling and you can see that when the race goes through different towns the community really gets behind it." should be similar to The route of the 2016 Women\'s Tour cycling race has been announced, with the first stage starting in Suffolk.', 'The Yorkshire Silent Film Festival will show more than 30 films featuring stars such as Charlie Chaplin, Harold Lloyd and Laurel and Hardy.\nOrganisers said the event would also mark the region\'s "special importance in the history of film".\nThe world\'s first film is reputed to have been shot in Leeds by Louis Le Prince in 1888.\nFilm producer Jonathan Best said: "The first moving images were shot in Leeds, and Holmfirth was the home of one of the earliest British film makers, James Bamforth.\n"Yorkshire is one of the places in which silent cinema was born."\nThe Lumiere brothers and Thomas Edison are usually credited with pioneering the moving image, but their work came several years after Le Prince shot footage in Leeds.\nTalking about the event, which celebrates the first 40 years of cinema, Mr Best urged people not familiar with silent film to come along, saying "it\'s like nothing else".\nThe festival, which starts in Doncaster, includes events in Hull, Leeds, Sheffield and Scarborough and runs at 13 venues from 6-30 July.\nEach film will be accompanied by a pianist playing an improvised musical score.']' and the negative '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'Champagne and Blackmail, which were directed by the British master of suspense during the late 1920s, will be shown with live musical accompaniment.\nA three-month long season will also see all 58 of his films - including Psycho, Vertigo and The Birds - screened.\nActors Tippi Hedren and Bruce Dern will also take part in live events.\nSpeaking at a launch in London on Tuesday, Heather Stewart, the BFI\'s creative director, said that the BFI had wanted to get out its "big guns", like other big cultural organisations, during Olympic year.\n"The idea of popular cinema somehow being capable of being great art at the same time as being entertaining is still a problem for some people," she said. "Shakespeare is on the national curriculum, Hitchcock is not."\nShe said that in the same way that Picasso had changed the face of modern art, Hitchcock was also a game-changer. "After Psycho, in particular, film-making could never be the same again."\nAn open-air screening of Blackmail, directed by the 30-year-old Hitchcock in 1929, will be staged in the forecourt of the British Museum on 6 July as part of the BFI\'s involvement in the London 2012 Festival\n celebrations.\nThe film will feature a live score by award-winning composer, musician, writer and broadcaster Neil Brand, performed live by an ensemble of 18 musicians.\nA short clip of Blackmail was screened at The Genius of Hitchcock\n launch event, accompanied by the new score.\nDescribing Hitchcock as an "incredibly seductive" film-maker, Brand said he had not tried to replicate the music of the silent era. "This is for an audience now."\nHitchcock\'s 1927 boxing drama The Ring will be shown at the Hackney Empire, with jazz and hip hop artist Soweto Kinch providing live music and fellow Mercury prize nominee Nitin Sawhney will score The Lodger: A Tale Of The London Fog.\nAfter performing a live saxophone solo over a clip from The Ring, Kinch said: "The dance sequences in this film have travelled really well with time. There\'s a particular beat and a tempo that means I\'ll be able to twin the old with the new."\nFilm critic and chairman of the London Film Critics\' Circle Jason Solomons said of the Hitchcock retrospective: "What strikes me is the modernity of the project. We\'re seeing him now as a cool indie British film-maker."\nThe BBC\'s home of 2012: Latest Olympic news, sport, culture, torch relay, video and audio\nHe added: "Music is the first step to reframing how we see cinema. There are different strains of world music and it proves that his films belong to all of us."\nBoth The Ring and Champagne will be screened live on The Space - a digital arts service \nwhich has been developed by Arts Council England in partnership with the BBC and BFI.\nRuth Mackenzie, director of the London 2012 Festival, told the BBC: "Alfred Hitchcock is one of the great artists of the 20th Century and like all great artists he makes us look at the world differently -  and he makes his art form transform itself after his input."\nThe BFI on London\'s South Bank will also house an exhibition paying tribute to Hitchcock, who died aged 80 in 1980.\nOver his career, spanning six decades, the director was nominated for five Oscars - but won just one honorary statuette, in 1968.']'

Question: A sex attacker who raped a woman after her first night out clubbing in Scotland has been jailed for five years.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary.

The victim moved to England shortly after she was subjected to the ordeal at a flat in Edinburgh.
Mike Okah, 26, had earlier denied assaulting and raping the woman at the flat in Telford Grove on 19 July 2014, but was found guilty by a jury.
He was placed on the sex offenders' register.
A judge told Okah: "You subjected a woman who you had only just met to a terrifying attack."
Lady Wise told Okah, a Nigerian who was in the country on a visitor's visa, he would be deported to his African homeland after he served his sentence.
Police who saw the Latvian woman after she was subjected to the sex attack by Okah said she appeared upset and having trouble walking. One officer said: "She was holding her groin."
The woman had arrived in Scotland for a visit but got work at a bakery and found accommodation in Bathgate, West Lothian.
Acquaintances had encouraged her to go clubbing in the capital but first they had called at a flat where Okah was staying in the city's Telford Grove.
The woman was asked at the High Court in Edinburgh whether there was anything such as kissing and cuddling between her and Okah before the group went out.
She said: "Absolutely nothing at all. We actually didn't talk."
After they returned from the disco the plan was she and the others would stay over at the flat and the 28-year-old intended to sleep on a mattress in the living room fully clothed.
She said Okah came into the room and attacked her.
The woman told the court: "I felt terrible. It was very painful."
Defence solicitor advocate Leanne McQuillan said Okah continued to deny involvement in the offence. She added he had no previous convictions in the UK.
Det Ch Insp Alwyn Bell, of Police Scotland, said: "I would like to acknowledge the courage of the victim throughout this investigation.
"This was a particularly violent incident and Okah refused to acknowledge his guilt, going to great lengths to attempt to cover up his crime.
"Tackling sexual crime is a priority for Police Scotland.
"We continue to encourage anyone subjected to any crime of a sexual nature to contact Police Scotland."

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Bridget Leggat, 55, called police while her son was in prison, claiming to be the girl and made false rape claims in a bid to blacken her name.
Leggat was caught when the calls made in April and May 2013 were traced.
She admitted attempting to defeat the ends of justice and was ordered to carry out 240 hours of unpaid work.
At Glasgow Sheriff Court, Leggat, from Coatbridge, North Lanarkshire, was also told she will be supervised for 12 months.
Her son, 30-year-old son Donald Kennedy, from Glasgow, was jailed for six years and four months last year after he admitted having sex with an underage girl and breaching an order banning him from contacting children.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Former England spinner Monty Panesar has been released by Essex.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The 33-year-old initially joined Essex on loan in 2013, before making a permanent move from Sussex the following season.
But Panesar, capped 50 times at Test level for England, has made just three first-class appearances this season.
He is one of four players released by Essex alongside all-rounder Greg Smith, seam bowler Matt Salisbury and wicketkeeper Saf Imtiaz.
Panesar took his 700th first-class career wicket against Surrey at Colchester last month, but has not played a Test for England since December 2013 against Australia at Melbourne.
He was made unavailable for selection by Essex earlier this season because of off-field "issues".
It was the latest in a series of setbacks for the slow left-armer following an omission the previous season for a "timekeeping" error and an incident during his time with Sussex where he urinated on a bouncer outside a nightclub in Brighton.
Panesar started his career at Northamptonshire in 2001 before making his Test debut in 2006 against India at Nagpur.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

The 22-year-old left-armer has been out of action since fracturing his hand in April, and has since suffered from a reoccurring back injury.
Topley, who has played 10 ODIs and six T20 internationals, was due to join an England training camp in South Africa later this month.
He joined Hampshire from Essex last season but has played just once since.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: The driver of a tipper truck that crashed in Bath, killing a child and three adults, had recently passed a test to drive more advanced vehicles.

Philip Potter, 19, was transporting aggregate on Monday when the lorry careered down Lansdown Lane, hitting vehicles and pedestrians.
He had been licensed to drive the truck for months but recently passed a more advanced test to drive other heavy goods vehicles.
A four-year-old girl died in the crash.
Mitzi Steady and three men from Wales were all killed in Monday's tragedy.
Avon and Somerset Police have not said if officers have questioned Mr Potter since he left hospital.
Police accident investigators are still trying to establish just what caused the truck to crash. They are looking at the load it was carrying as well as any potential mechanical faults.
At the time of the crash Mitzi Steady was walking with her grandmother, who remains critically unwell in Southmead Hospital.
Phil Allen, 52, and Robert Parker, 59, of Cwmbran, and Stephen Vaughan, 34, from Swansea, also died when their car was hit by the 30-tonne truck.
There has been no public comment from Mr Potter but postings on Facebook suggest he passed his HGV test the day after his 19th birthday. Legally, the test can be taken from the age of 18.
However, it is understood he passed his LGV licence - required to operate the eight-wheeled tipper truck - some months earlier, and he has long-term experience with heavy farm vehicles.
Witnesses told the BBC that the lorry's horn was sounding repeatedly in the seconds before the crash - as if the driver was trying to warn people of the danger.
Police added that early witness accounts suggested the driver was trying to avert an accident.
As well as those who died, four others were seriously injured including Mitzi's grandmother who remains in hospital.
The wreckage of the truck, which overturned in the crash, and a badly damaged car were removed from the scene early on Tuesday.
Correction: This article has been amended to clarify that Mr Potter passed his LGV licence to operate the tipper truck several months ago, while a more recent test he undertook permitted him to drive more advanced vehicles.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Motorway police stopped the driver at junction five of the M5 at Bromsgrove in Worcestershire on Thursday.
The motorist had two grandchildren, his daughter and wife in the vehicle, which was seized by police.
The Central Motorway Police Group officer involved tweeted that the man had been driving longer than the officer had been alive.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Rail upgrade works affecting people travelling between south Wales, Bristol Parkway and London Paddington have begun.

Network Rail is doing work in the Chipping Sodbury and Alderton tunnels and building a new platform at Bristol Parkway.
The improvements will run from Saturday until 15 September.
They will allow new trains to run on the Great Western Rail mainline, including new intercity express trains.
For the duration of the works, those travelling between south Wales and London should note:
For those travelling to and from south Wales during the August Bank Holiday weekend from 26 August to 28 August:
During the weekends from 23-24 September until 18-19 November, there will be further improvement work affecting south Wales and Bristol Parkway services.
Passengers are advised to check their journeys.

All routes between Cardiff and Newport and Arriva Trains Wales services between west Wales and the Valleys are subject to alteration.
No trains will run between Cardiff Central and Cardiff Queen Street.
Passengers had faced cancellations and delays before new year as a result of re-signalling work in Cardiff Central.
Changes include:
Engineering works for the Christmas period are scheduled to be completed before 3 January.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: The number of hospital admissions for allergic reactions and anaphylactic shocks in England has increased by more than a third in the past five years.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Data from NHS Digital shows there were 29,544 hospital admissions in 2015-16 for allergic reactions.
That compares to 22,206 admissions in 2011-12.
Doctors say rising levels of cleanliness have lowered people's natural resistance to bacteria and dust which cause common allergies.
"The fact that we're living in a much cleaner world than a hundred years ago is the main factor behind the rise in the number of admissions for allergies," Dr Donald Hodge from the Leeds Teaching Hospitals Trust said.
"We've seen a huge increase in the number of referrals for children who have developed allergies, and this is undoubtedly because living in a cleaner world has lowered our ability to build up a resistance to substances like dust and pollen."
An allergic reaction is caused when the body's immune system reacts disproportionately to a substance usually considered harmless.
Data about how many people in the UK suffer from an allergy is not conclusive but the charity Allergy UK claims that up to 50% of children are now diagnosed with an allergic condition.
NHS Digital will formally publish figures in November illustrating a steady rise in the number of hospital admissions where the primary reason for admission was due to an allergic reaction or anaphylactic shock.
The admissions data is not a count of the number of people with an allergy but a tally of the number of incidents hospitals have to deal with each year.
The provisional figures show that some hospital trusts have recorded large increases in the number of admissions.
The University College London NHS Trust reported a 10-fold increase in the number of admissions for allergies. In 2015/16 the trust dealt with 1,163 allergy-related admissions compared with just 103 in 2011/12.
The rise in the number of people being admitted to hospital suffering an anaphylactic shock which is a severe form of reaction has been slightly lower.
Across England the number of anaphylactic admissions has gone up by 19%.
Ruby Scott from York had an anaphylactic shock in 2014 after she ate a curry containing nuts.
"As soon as I ate the chicken korma my lips started to tingle and swell up and I started to feel really sick".
Ms Scott had specifically asked the Indian Garden restaurant in Easingwold to prepare the curry without nuts.
The owner, Mohammed Zaman, was jailed in May 2016 after he was found guilty of manslaughter after another customer died of a severe anaphylactic shock having eaten a dish that contained nuts.
Ruby said her condition means she will have a reaction even if she is in the same room as an open packet of nuts.
"Lots of people can't appreciate what its like but its weird to look at a meal and know that it could could kill you."

But in this week's Scrubbing Up, consultant ENT surgeon Andrew McCombe, honorary secretary of  ENT UK, warns the cuts have gone too far and patients are paying the price.
Tonsillectomy - cutting out the two lumps of lymphoid tissue found at either side of the back of the throat - is an operation that was described first over 3,000 years ago.
Its popularity grew throughout the ages and became so favoured in the UK that in the 1950s over 200,000 were performed in any given year.
Certainly, this rate was too high and surgeons set about refining the indications for carrying out this potentially risky operation, reserving it only for those patients most likely to benefit.
However, over the last 15 years the rate of tonsillectomy has continued to fall, so much so that we are now in danger of too few procedures being carried out.
In 1994-95 some 77,600 tonsillectomies were carried out in the UK. By 2009 this had dropped by 37% to 49,000.
At the same time, we are seeing increasing rates of diseases and conditions that tonsillectomies can prevent or cure, like infections, and even cancer, of the tonsils.
The number of people who develop cancer of the tonsils is still small, but it has certainly jumped significantly.
In 2000-01, there were 30,942 tonsil-related admissions for emergency medical treatment. By 2008-09, the figure had risen to 43,641, an increase of over 41% in 8 years.
The economic impact of tonsillitis is considerable. Overall, 35m days are lost from school or work each year due to sore throats in the UK. GP consultations for sore throat cost around Â£60m per year.
As tonsillectomy rates fall, it is predictable that hospital admissions for severe tonsillitis and its complications will rise, and this is borne out by the data available.
Admissions for quinsy - an extremely painful complication of acute tonsillitis - is rising. At the start of 2000 there were 6,352 UK hospital admissions for this condition. This increased to 7,683 in 2008-09, a rise of over 20% and equating to 11,865 hospital bed days.
Any further reduction in the rate of tonsillectomy is likely to be associated with a further worsening of this trend.
Tonsillectomy rates are lower in the UK than in any other country in Europe.
In fact the data trends of increasing hospital activity for tonsillar problems seem to suggest that rather than performing too many tonsillectomies in the UK, we are now performing too few.


Question: Represent the input

Question: An amateur jockey who slowed down and lost his lead in the final stages of a race has been banned for 28 days.

Media playback is not supported on this device
James Ridley, riding Lookslikerainted, appeared to mistakenly think he had already crossed the finish line, allowing two horses to pass.
The Hunters' Chase at Newbury was eventually won by Triangular, closely followed by Ballytober.
Lookslikerainted, a 33-1 outsider trained by Martin Wilesmith, finished in third.
At the resulting inquiry, Ridley said the half-furlong pole caused the problem. Stewards ruled he was guilty of failing to ride out on a horse that would have finished first.
"Obviously I'm a little upset but compared to what happened in Westminster the other day it is absolutely nothing," Wilesmith said, after the attack in central London on Wednesday in which four people were killed and 50 people injured by Khalid Masood, who also died.
"I'm thrilled with the horse and just looking forward to when we can run him again now. We'll just look forwards. James has apologised."

Coleman, 27, is said to have suffered minor injuries after members of the public broke into the changing room.
Nottinghamshire Police are investigating the incident which occurred after the day's last race.
Two men and one woman were arrested on suspicion of assault and damage, and another woman for obstructing police.
Meanwhile, a Southwell stewards' report stated that Irishman Coleman, fellow jockeys Adam Pogson and Tom Scudamore, and officials had been interviewed. The information gathered will be forwarded to the British Horseracing Authority.
Coleman told the Racing Post: "Two of them burst into the changing room and when they were asked to leave it all kicked off.
"I think they had drunk that much they didn't know what they were doing."
Coleman, who has won 54 races in Britain this season, partnered Mon Mome in the Grand National on three occasions, but passed up the ride in 2009 when the 100-1 outsider won the race.
He is due to ride at Chepstow on Wednesday.