Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: New light is being shed on a mysterious network of tunnels and caves carved out of rock underneath Edinburgh.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article!

Scientists using radar imaging equipment have discovered the ancient passageways at "Gilmerton Cove" extend much further than originally thought.
More chambers have also been uncovered during the research project, BBC Scotland has learned.
They caves lie under the former mining village of Gilmerton in the south of Edinburgh.
Experts have long been baffled by the origins of the underground passageways and chambers.
They include stone benches, tables and even a small chapel hand-carved out of the sandstone.
The network has been linked to druids, witchcraft, a gentlemen's drinking den and even Mary Queen of Scots.
Now scientists from the universities of St Andrews and Edinburgh are using ground-penetrating radar equipment to map out what else may lie beneath.
The waves bounce off cavities or tunnels carved into the rock below.
The team has discovered that the subterranean network is at least double the size originally thought.
Simon Shackley, from Edinburgh University's School of Geosciences, said: "On the other side of Gilmerton Road there is a rather large chamber that is probably about 4m [13ft] deep."
"There also appear to be cavities in front of the cove and behind it - both about 2m deep".
Dr Richard Bates, of St Andrews University, told BBC Scotland the tunnels were "strange places" with very little detail about who used them or why they were built in the first place.
"Perhaps by the work we're doing - if we're getting a bigger picture we're mapping in a more extensive way the footprint of it - then what we're hoping is that will tell us something about the use," he said.
"If it's got lots more passageways or maybe it's only got these two single passageways, but they might be leading somewhere else. And where they're leading to could potentially tell us what these were used for."
The scientists are now putting together a proposal to undertake more detailed 3D imaging of the site to give them a better picture of the cave network.
Margaret Anne Dugan, owner of Rosslyn Tours and a guide at Gilmerton Cove, said: "It's incredibly exciting. We would love it if we could finally find out what lies beyond the blocked tunnels, if we could unlock those secrets and solve the mystery once and for all."

2 October 2014 Last updated at 10:50 BST
Sounds crazy but scientists from the US space agency NASA have been studying satellite images and say they've spotted a huge rectangular feature buried beneath the surface.
The 2,500km-wide structure is thought to be the remains of ancient valleys that later became filled with lava from the moon's volcanoes.
Here's Jenny with the details.


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Question: The likelihood of being bitten by mosquitoes could be down to genes that control our body odour, a preliminary study in Plos One suggests.

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Researchers tested pairs of identical and non-identical twins to see how attractive they were to mosquitoes.
Identical twins were more likely to have similar levels of attractiveness - suggesting shared genetic factors were at play.
The "intriguing" results must now be assessed in larger trials, experts say.
Researchers have long tried to understand what drives mosquitoes to bite certain people more than others. Recent work shows the insects may be lured to their victims by body odour.
And anecdotal reports suggest some relatives are just as likely to be bitten as each other.
Scientists from the UK and US wanted to find out whether genes were behind this phenomenon.
To test their theory they enlisted 19 non-identical and 18 identical pairs of twins in a pilot study.
In a series of experiments each twin placed one hand at an end of a Y-shaped wind tunnel as air was pumped through, carrying odour with it.
Swarms of mosquitoes were then released and moved towards or away from each twin's hand.
For identical twins - who share much of their genetic material - there was an even distribution of mosquitoes in both sections.
This suggests the insects did not prefer the odour of one hand more than the other.
In contrast, results for the non identical twins - who share fewer genes - were more varied.
Researchers say their works suggests attractiveness to mosquitoes could be caused by inherited body odour genes.
Their next step is to uncover which specific genes may be involved.
Further research is now under way.
Providing an independent comment, Dr David Weetman, lecturer at the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, said: "This is a novel and intriguing finding.
"It is the first time a genetic basis has been demonstrated.
"But mosquitoes are not just attracted to scent - things like carbon dioxide also play a role.
"Larger studies will help assess how relevant these findings are outside the laboratory where other factors may be important."
Lead author Dr James Logan, of the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, said: "If we understand the genetic basis for variation between individuals it could be possible to develop bespoke ways to control mosquitoes better, and develop new ways to repel them."

Scientists have examined how our brains make sense of conversations in a crowded room - the so-called "cocktail-party effect". Neuroscientists recorded the point at which unintelligible speech suddenly makes sense. They could see how the brain filters out the surrounding noise to concentrate on one particular element.
Women who regularly drink more than three-and-a-half bottles of wine a week (35 units of alcohol) - and men who drink five bottles of wine a week (50 units) - should get their livers checked, according to new draft advice from the National Institute for health and Care Excellence (NICE).
It warns cirrhosis often isn't obvious until the damage is so bad that the liver stops working.
Doctors have confirmed a diagnosis made over 200 years ago by one of medicine's most influential surgeons.
In 1786, John Hunter (who the Hunterian museum in London is named after) diagnosed a patient with a "tumour as hard as bone".
The Royal Marsden Hospital doctors who Royal Marsden Hospital doctors analysed patient samples and case notes, said that the samples may also give clues as to how cancer is changing over time.
The reason humans get so much shoulder, hip and knee pain could be down to evolution, say scientists from the University of Oxford.
And they say it could be much worse for future generations.
The team studied 300 specimens from different species spanning 400 million years to see how bones changed subtly over millennia.
This year has seen the birth of the first three-person baby, a dangerous Zika epidemic and a huge injustice overturned by medical science.
Here is a round-up of the most significant developments in health this year.


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Question: Manager Jack Ross is urging his jubilant Alloa Athletic players not to be content with a quarter-final berth in the Scottish League Cup.

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The Wasps made it six wins from as many matches this season when they defeated Inverness 1-0 in the cup's last-16.
"There's no reason why it needs to stop now for them," Ross told BBC Scotland.
"Sometimes there's an assumption that we've got to this stage and [so] it doesn't matter what happens tonight. Before the game I said it does."
League One Alloa had already beaten Raith Rovers, Ross County, Cove Rangers and Montrose in their group matches in the competition before hosting Premiership Inverness.
Jason Marr's first-half strike and a disciplined performance ensured that Alloa will be in Wednesday evening's draw for the last eight beside Dundee United, Morton, Queen of the South, Rangers, Celtic or Motherwell, Ayr or Aberdeen and Hearts or St Johnstone.
"I'm hugely proud of the players," said Ross.
"Over the course of the game we restricted Inverness to few clear-cut chances and that was to do with the work rate of the team.
"I've stressed to them that they should really enjoy it. It's 44 years, I think, since the club have been at this stage of the competition so they've put themselves in the history books in that regard.
"When the next stage of the competition comes around, it's about winning that game again, not saying 'we got to the quarter-finals'.
"We deserve to be at this stage of the competition and our record in the competition is fantastic.
"Whoever gets us at that stage will want us because we'll be the underdogs.
"If we continue in this vain we'll approach that game with confidence as well."
Inverness boss Richie Foran said: "We were the better team. We had most of the possession, we had more opportunities to score goals.
"They score with their only real chance of the game. That's the disappointing part, schoolboy defending.
"All credit to Alloa. They're a good strong side but no excuse from us. We should be winning a game like this."

The Guinea-born Frenchman, 26, was with Cercle Brugge in Belgium last season and previously played in France.
Richie Foran's Inverness have yet to register a point in this season's Scottish Premiership and have been knocked out of the League Cup.
They host St Johnstone in their fourth league game of the season on Saturday.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: Reading lost for the second successive away game as Leeds moved up to fifth in the Championship play-off places with a goal in each half at Elland Road.

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Chris Wood struck his 11th league goal of the season to put the hosts ahead in the first half before a hamstring strain forced him off soon after.
Garry Monk's side only made sure of the points in injury-time when Souleymane Doukara converted a penalty.
Chris Gunter was adjudged to have pushed Charlie Taylor inside the area.
Reading's best chance of the game came right at the end when Yakou Meite's goal-bound effort was blocked by Pontus Jansson on the Leeds line.
Leeds, who responded from losing 2-0 at Brighton on Friday, had to send on Liam Bridcutt when New Zealand international Wood was withdrawn after his opening goal.
A rifled right-foot shot into the roof of the net produced his 14th strike in all competitions this season after Hadi Sacko dragged the ball back across the penalty area.
Leeds had little trouble containing a Reading side, who despite enjoying 77% possession, produced just two shots on target all game.
Leeds head coach Garry Monk:
"Chris Wood's just got hamstring tightness, we won't know for another 24 hours. It didn't look like a bad one where I was, but we will have to wait.
"You can see already we can't afford to lose any more but credit to those players, they're digging in.
"Physically it's hard for them but we don't want to lose Woody, who has been integral to what we're doing."
Reading manager Jaap Stam told BBC Radio Berkshire:
"I thought we played very, very well tonight, I think that was one of our best games.
"In how you play, you're not going to get 10 chances to score, but a couple during the game.
"We spoke about being patient and in the second half in the final third we could've done better in terms of decision-making.
"We should've scored before they got their first goal and then we needed to be sharper in terms of defending. Late on, we tried to force it for the equaliser and after that they got a late penalty."
Match ends, Leeds United 2, Reading 0.
Second Half ends, Leeds United 2, Reading 0.
Attempt blocked. Yakou Meite (Reading) right footed shot from the right side of the six yard box is blocked.
Tyler Blackett (Reading) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Foul by Ronaldo Vieira (Leeds United).
Delay over. They are ready to continue.
Delay in match Pontus Jansson (Leeds United) because of an injury.
Goal!  Leeds United 2, Reading 0. Souleymane Doukara (Leeds United) converts the penalty with a right footed shot to the bottom left corner.
Penalty conceded by Chris Gunter (Reading) after a foul in the penalty area.
Penalty Leeds United. Charlie Taylor draws a foul in the penalty area.
Foul by Jake Cooper (Reading).
Pontus Jansson (Leeds United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Jake Cooper (Reading) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Foul by Kyle Bartley (Leeds United).
Substitution, Reading. Jake Cooper replaces Liam Kelly.
Yakou Meite (Reading) is shown the yellow card for a bad foul.
Foul by Yakou Meite (Reading).
Liam Bridcutt (Leeds United) wins a free kick on the left wing.
Attempt saved. Matt Grimes (Leeds United) left footed shot from outside the box is saved in the bottom right corner. Assisted by Ronaldo Vieira.
Foul by Roy Beerens (Reading).
Ronaldo Vieira (Leeds United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Attempt blocked. Roy Beerens (Reading) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked.
Attempt blocked. Garath McCleary (Reading) right footed shot from the left side of the box is blocked. Assisted by Tyler Blackett.
Substitution, Leeds United. Matt Grimes replaces Stuart Dallas.
Attempt blocked. Garath McCleary (Reading) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Joey van den Berg.
Substitution, Reading. Yakou Meite replaces George Evans.
Offside, Reading. Yann Kermorgant tries a through ball, but Liam Kelly is caught offside.
Attempt blocked. Garath McCleary (Reading) right footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Tyler Blackett.
Corner,  Reading. Conceded by Robert Green.
Attempt missed. Yann Kermorgant (Reading) header from the centre of the box is close, but misses to the left. Assisted by Garath McCleary with a cross following a corner.
Corner,  Reading. Conceded by Ronaldo Vieira.
Foul by Yann Kermorgant (Reading).
Kyle Bartley (Leeds United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Substitution, Leeds United. Alex Mowatt replaces Kemar Roofe because of an injury.
Attempt blocked. Joey van den Berg (Reading) left footed shot from outside the box is blocked. Assisted by Tyler Blackett.
Corner,  Reading. Conceded by Robert Green.
Attempt saved. Roy Beerens (Reading) left footed shot from the left side of the box is saved in the top left corner. Assisted by Yann Kermorgant.
Foul by Chris Gunter (Reading).
Stuart Dallas (Leeds United) wins a free kick in the defensive half.
Chris Gunter (Reading) wins a free kick in the defensive half.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Dave Tarpey put Maidenhead ahead after 25 minutes before doubling the lead seven minutes after half-time.
The White Tigers have won just won of their first seven games this season since Lee Hodges took charge of the club for a second time in the summer.
The result left Truro, who made the play-offs last season, in 15th place in the table on six points.


Question: represent the following document

Question: The council-commissioned review of the "Trojan Horse" allegations "ought to be reviewed itself", teachers have said.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Members of the National Association of Head Teachers (NAHT) said Peter Clarke's Government-commissioned report into allegations of a hardline Muslim take-over of schools was more thorough.
The two reports differed in their conclusions, although neither found evidence of extremism in the schools.
Birmingham City Council would not comment on the inquiry process.
It said: "This was an independent review. The terms of reference are published in Ian Kershaw's report."
Peter Clarke's report said there had been a coordinated attempt to introduce an "aggressive Islamist agenda" into some Birmingham schools and criticised the city council for not acting sooner.
Ian Kershaw's investigation for the city council found "no evidence of a conspiracy" and said individuals had encouraged certain Islamic principles in an attempt to "raise standards".
Rob Kelsall, from the NAHT, sat on the Kershaw review panel and said witnesses were put off giving evidence to that inquiry because they were asked for their names.
"It was a massive barrier. I know of one witness, a head teacher, who made a phone call to the inquiry hotline," he said.
"She was told she was not able to give a statement unless she gave her name, address and the school's details.
"I know she gave evidence to the Clarke inquiry but not the Kershaw inquiry."
He claimed the witness who volunteered details of a social media group called the Park View Brotherhood had not given evidence to the Kershaw report "because of issues of trust". Mr Clarke's report said that group included "grossly intolerant" messages.
Sarah Hewitt-Clarkson, head teacher of Anderton Park Primary School in Sparkhill, said the inquiries were carried out differently.
She said she had an interview with a law firm which worked on the Kershaw review, and the firm said "tell us what you know with a blank piece of paper".
"With Clarke, the interviewer already had an incredible amount of information about me and my school going back years and asked specific, probing questions. It was more thorough," she said.
Mr Kelsall said: "In light of the Peter Clarke inquiry's outcome and recommendations, the council ought to review the Kershaw review to ensure any evidence identified by Clarke has been recognised."

Ofsted has carried out inspections in 18 schools in the city.
Sir Michael is expected to go to Birmingham this week to finalise the reports from these inspections.
Ofsted and the Department for Education are expected to publish their findings in early May.
The Department for Education has ordered its own review of the evidence in the so-called Trojan Horse conspiracy.
There have been claims that a hardline Muslim faction had sought to gain influence over schools and remove staff who were not sympathetic to their religious agenda.
Ofsted has not commented on claims that leaked inspection reports show serious problems in some schools.
There have been reports of gender segregation in schools, the undermining of staff and the unfair treatment of non-Muslim pupils.
Birmingham City Council has launched its own investigation into 25 schools.
But the chair of governors of one of the Birmingham schools caught up in the claims has denied that his school has faced an Ofsted inspection.
Roger King, chair of governors at Springfield primary school and a delegate at the National Union of Teachers conference in Brighton, said that Ofsted last visited the school "maybe two years ago".
Mr King, a local NUT representative in Birmingham, said he had not come across extremism or segregation in the city's schools.
"I can say I've never had a concern raised from members who have said 'In our school they are segregating the girls from the boys'.
"We've never received an email about anything of that sort of thing, or that there have been inflammatory Islamic assemblies.
"I would have thought that if those things were going on they would have been brought to us."
Mr King said there were questions about whether Ofsted was inspecting schools in an even-handed way.
"The Ofsted team were going to the staff of the school and saying 'we're going to fail you' and some of the staff were saying 'why are you failing us' and they were saying 'well, you're not teaching anti-terrorism and therefore there's a safeguarding issue in the school'."
He said that staff were "really upset" about being asked whether they were homophobic. And girls sitting with other girls were asked whether they had been made to sit there.
In response, an Ofsted spokesman said: "Inspectors are required to uphold the highest professional standards in their work and to ensure that everyone they encounter during inspections is treated fairly and with respect. These standards are assured through a code of conduct."
Park View Educational Trust, which runs schools linked to the allegations, also warned that it was "highly irresponsible" for anyone to suggest that schools will face interventions when neither the Department for Education or Ofsted had completed their reports - and when pupils at the secondary schools were about to take GCSEs.
Park View school served a disadvantaged area and had gone from special measures to outstanding and had a waiting list of children wanting places, said a statement.
Douglas Morgan, a teacher from Birmingham, warned the NUT conference that the inquiries could "demonise the Muslim population of this country".
During a debate on racism and immigration Mr Morgan called for the teachers' union conference "to send a message that we are against Islamophobia".
The NUT is to consider an emergency debate on the Trojan Horse claims on Monday.
Education Secretary Michael Gove appointed former counter-terror chief Peter Clarke to examine whether there was any substance to the allegations.
"No pupils should be exposed to extremist views or radicalisation while at school," said Mr Gove.
On Saturday, Labour's shadow education secretary Tristram Hunt warned against religious extremism in schools.
"We cannot have head teachers forced out, teachers undermined, curricula re-written and cultural or gender-based segregation," he told the NASUWT teachers' conference in Birmingham.
The inquiry has become known as Trojan Horse because this was the name of a plan for an organised take over of schools in an anonymous letter.
It has not been established whether the letter is authentic or a hoax.
The Department for Education, in a statement this weekend, said investigations into the "very serious" allegations must be "carried out impartially, without pre-judgement" and as such it would be "inappropriate to comment further".


Question:
represent the input:
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Examples:

Given ['This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article', 'While international attention has been drawn to the dramatic stand-off at the Westgate shopping complex in the Kenyan capital Nairobi, both Kenyan authorities and al-Shabab militants have been trying to broadcast their messages about the attack on social media.'] it matches with ['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Even before the Westgate shoot-out, al-Shabab had been trying to use English-language Twitter accounts to broadcast its message to the wider world. However, accounts thought to be used by the group had already been shut down by Twitter twice in the past nine months.\nEach time, however, the account has re-appeared under a slightly different name.\nDuring the attack on Westgate, an al-Shabab linked account began putting out messages saying the attack was in retaliation for Kenyan forces\' "crimes" in Somalia and referring to "fighting the Kenyan kuffar [infidels] inside their own turf".\nThat account in turn was suspended and others have appeared over the course of the siege, all of them using similar language, causing confusion over which one, if any, was genuine.\nOn Tuesday yet another account was created, and an al-Shabab spokesman confirmed to the BBC that it was their account. As of Tuesday afternoon, it was still active.\nLike the previous accounts, it has also taken to gloating over the attack and urging Kenyans to put pressure on their government to withdraw forces from Somalia.\nOne message reads: "You could have avoided all this and lived your lives with relative safety. Remove your forces from our country and peace will come #Westgate."\nThe account also tweeted a photo originally posted by another, mainly Arabic-language, account affiliated to al-Shabab claiming to show two of the attackers inside the shopping complex.\nThis feed has managed to stay on Twitter since being set up on 1 May. It has also been giving updates during the current crisis, some of them in English.\nClearly aware of how the crisis is being covered in the international media, it refers to rumours that Samantha Lewthwaite, the British widow of one of the bombers that carried out the 7/7 attack in London in 2005, is involved in the Westgate attack, even using the "white widow" nickname given to her in the press.\nKenyan security officials have also been tweeting prolifically throughout the crisis, with police providing many announcements in the form of tweets.\nThe inspector general of Kenya\'s national police service, David Kimaiyo, announced after the crisis began on Saturday that the area was surrounded by police and appealed for the public and media organisations to stay away from the scene.\nHe has been giving a regular stream of updates ever since, as has the account for the Kenyan police.\nHowever, verifiable facts about the situation inside the mall have at times been difficult to come by, with an apparent lack of co-ordination in the messages being given by different branches of government.\nFor example, on Monday the Kenyan Foreign Minister Amina Mohamed said in a US television interview that "two or three" Americans and one British woman were among the attackers.\nOn the same evening her cabinet colleague Joseph Ole Lenku sent a tweet stating: "All terrorists are male".\nAlso on Monday evening several official accounts began to suggest the crisis was drawing to a close. "We\'re in control of #Westgate", read one message from the interior ministry, while other accounts linked to Kenyan security forces retweeted congratulatory messages about the operation.\nHowever, it soon became clear that the operation was in fact continuing and that not all of the attackers had been apprehended.\nBut arguably the most important use of social media by the authorities is to rally Kenyans behind the security forces as they respond to the attack using the hashtags #WeAreOne and #WithOneAccord, a reference to the Kenyan national anthem.\nThe prevailing mood among Kenyans on Twitter appears to be one of support for the operation against the militants and a feeling of solidarity in a time of crisis.\nKenyans are among the most active users of Twitter in Africa and have also been using social media in order to come together and organise initiatives to help the victims of the attack.\nMany shared information about where to give blood - blogger Robert Alai shared a picture of children on roller-skates holding placards urging Kenyans to donate blood.\nOthers shared stories of Kenyans bringing food to journalists covering the siege and the security forces posted near the centre.'] but not with ['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'IS achieved a major boost in March this year when it won the loyalty of the main jihadi group in West Africa - Boko Haram, which is based in Nigeria, Africa\'s most populous state.\nBut East Africa - which has a longer history of militant Islamist activity - has so far remained out of its grasp, mainly because of the al-Shabab leadership\'s loyalty to al-Qaeda.\nHowever, some cracks may be starting to appear in that unified position.\nLast month Sheikh Abdulqadir Mumi, a prominent former "spiritual leader" and recruiter for al-Shabab, declared allegiance to IS from his base in the remote Galgala Mountains, in the semi-autonomous region of Puntland, located in north-eastern Somalia.\nThe move may turn out to be largely symbolic, given that reports indicate only 20 of Mumi\'s estimated 300 followers opted to switch sides, but it has at least given IS its first official outpost in East Africa.\nFor al-Qaeda, East Africa has always been a key frontier of jihad. Its most notorious attack, before it brought down the New York Twin Towers in 2001, was the simultaneous bombing of the US embassies in Kenya and Tanzania in 1998, which left more than 200 people dead.\nWith al-Qaeda significantly weakened since the death of Osama Bin Laden, it has relied on al-Shabab to salvage its credibility in global jihadi circles.\nIts attack on Kenya\'s Garissa University College in April, which killed about 150 people, provided a grim sequel to the Westgate shopping centre attack in September 2013, when at least 67 were killed in a daytime assault in the heart of the Kenyan capital.\nThese large-scale attacks made al-Shabab a prime target for recruitment by IS, a group which prefers its new members to have proven murderous credentials.\nIS has embarked on a sleek propaganda campaign, where high definition videos not only show gruesome beheadings and public executions, but also depict a utopian view of life under the IS "caliphate" in Iraq and Syria: of people harvesting grapes in Raqqa or taking a dip in Mosul\'s public swimming pool.\nThis is a tactic - one that al-Shabab has itself copied - to attract jihadists from around the world.\nIS has even co-opted Boko Haram, its new affiliate in Africa, to urge Somali militants to join its ranks as part of the Nigerian group\'s own propaganda machine.\nFor the most part so far, al-Shabab\'s leaders have not been swayed by IS attempts to woo them.\nThey have banned any discussion relating to the group and have detained perceived IS sympathisers in southern and central Somalia, including two senior commanders and some foreign fighters, according to pro al-Shabab media.\nThe group has also said it would treat defectors as enemies.\nInternal tensions have already started to spill over in some cases, with local media reporting at least nine militants killed in fighting earlier this month between two rival al-Shabab factions in southern Somalia.\nThe repeated warnings from the jihadist group\'s leaders against defections suggest they see IS as a genuine threat to their own standing and ability to recruit.\nAlthough al-Shabab has carried out big attacks outside its borders - especially on Kenya which has troops on the ground as part of an African Union mission backing the Somali government - the group\'s priorities are still mainly domestic.\nIS advocates global expansion and domination, an ideology that does not sit well with al-Shabab leaders, who would rather focus on matters closer to home.\nWhile the group is happy to take on foreign fighters who serve their own purpose, the idea of taking orders from leaders outside Somalia is not something the al-Shabab hierarchy is keen on.\nSomalia\'s President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud has held up reports of factionalism within al-Shabab as a sign of the group\'s weakness, but it still holds large swathes of territory in the central and southern regions of the country, and continues to launch deadly attacks in the capital Mogadishu.\nThere is no doubt that al-Shabab, whatever internal wrangling is currently going on, remains a deadly force within Somalia and in neighbouring Kenya.\nIf the IS propaganda campaign leads to more defections, it could declare a branch in East Africa, prompting a potentially devastating three-way war between IS, al-Shabab and the Somali government.\nIt would also herald the arrival of a more potent enemy for other East African governments.']

Question: A student has become the first person to complete a marathon on a pogo stick.

Jack Sexty, 24, from Staffordshire, began the Greater Manchester Marathon on Sunday morning, reaching the finish line in the early hours of Monday.
He completed the 26-mile route in about 16 hours, according to Alzheimer's Research UK, one of the charities for which he was fundraising.
He said: "I had never felt pain like it. When I finished I just wanted to lie on the floor and stay there."
"Maybe in a month's time I might think about getting back on a pogo stick and doing some other challenge but at the moment all I can think of is sleeping," he added.
Mr Sexty is also thought to have broken the record for the person to travel the farthest on a pogo stick in 24 hours.
That record had previously been held by American James Roumeliotis, who covered 23.22 miles in 14 hours 32 minutes in 2012.
A spokesman for Guinness World Records said they had no evidence of anyone completing a marathon on a pogo stick before.
"Jack Sexty has been in contact with us about breaking James' record. We now await his evidence so that we can verify his claim," he said.
Mr Sexty, from Penkridge, is studying for a master's degree in journalism at the University of Staffordshire.
He was aiming to raise Â£2,000 for Alzheimer's Research UK and the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

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On Sunday, he will start and compete in the Bournemouth Marathon - his 398th - and is scheduled to complete his amazing journey on Wednesday, 5 October in his hometown of Bristol.
If you want to find out about how to get into running, have a look at our fully inclusive guide.


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: A UK ticket holder has claimed Friday's £24m EuroMillions jackpot, National Lottery operator Camelot said.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence!

The claim for £24,769,932, which needs to be validated, could result in the unknown ticketholder receiving the windfall as early as Monday.
Camelot did not say if the winner was an individual or part of a syndicate, or where the ticket was bought.
The winning numbers in Friday's draw were 3, 20, 28, 31 and 49, with Lucky Stars numbers 2 and 5.
A National Lottery spokesman said: "After an unprecedented nine UK EuroMillions winners in 2015, it looks like the luck has rolled over into 2016.
"We are delighted the latest big EuroMillions winner has come forward to claim their prize and, of course, the champagne is on ice ready to welcome them into the National Lottery millionaires' club."
EuroMillions began in 2004 and the biggest prize in UK history was £161m, won by Scottish couple Chris and Colin Weir in 2011.

Chris Weir said she and her husband Colin were "tickled pink" when they realised they had scooped Tuesday's jackpot.
"I even had a glass of white wine which is something I normally only do at Christmas!" laughed Chris.
The prize was Europe's biggest ever and was capped after a series of rollovers.
On the night of the draw Chris was checking their numbers on the BBC's Red Button digital text service about midnight on the television in their bedroom.
"I started circling the numbers I had matched but wasn't doing very well. Then on the fifth line, all the circles seemed to join up."
The telephone line run by Camelot for claims was closed. Chris and husband Colin sat up all night they were so excited.
"When we first realised we had won, it felt like a dream," Colin said. "Everything went into slow motion."
Life changing
When asked at a media conference in Falkirk what they will do with the money, Chris said: "We're not flashy people."
"The next steps are going to be the most difficult... with great wealth comes great responsibility," added Colin.
The Weirs have both had serious health conditions in recent years and have not been able to work.
Colin, 64, had previously worked as a television cameraman and Chris, 55, is a fully-trained psychiatric nurse.
The most exciting aspect of their windfall is the opportunity to travel.
"We have both always wanted to see the Great Wall of China and Colin would love to stand at the foot of Ayers Rock in Australia," said Chris.
"We also love art galleries, so this gives us the chance to visit those in Paris and in Russia. These are all things we thought we would never see."
They have also already decided to buy homes for their two children, Carly and Jamie (both in their 20s).
UK winning streak
Before Tuesday's draw, the largest lottery winner in the UK was the player who claimed £113m in the Euromillions last October and chose to remain anonymous.
The couple have displaced former postal worker Angela Kelly from East Kilbride, who became Scotland's biggest winner in August 2007 when she scooped £35,425,411.80 in the Euromillions jackpot.
Britons have banked the Euromillions jackpot more than 14 times in the last two years.
Last year, two anonymous UK winners scooped £113m and £84m.
And Nigel and Justine Page, from Gloucestershire, won the £56m jackpot prize on EuroMillions in February 2010.
National Lottery operator Camelot runs the Euromillions draw in the UK and has also had the same role for the weekly Lotto draw since it was launched in 1994.
The firm says that its draws have created about 2,400 lottery millionaires in the UK in the intervening 17 years.
If the winner of Tuesday's draw had been a single player, he or she would instantly have been placed 430th in this year's Sunday Times Rich List just above Scottish businessman Sir Angus Grossart and Irina Abramovich, the former wife of Russian oligarch Roman Abramovich.
Two other UK-based lottery players won £1.7m after they successfully matched five numbers and one Lucky Star.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A chronology of key events:

966 - Duke Mieszko I, the historically recognised founder of the Polish state, adopts Catholic Christianity.
1025 - Boleslaw I proclaims the Kingdom of Poland.
1569 - Poland signs Union of Lublin with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania to establish the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, a major power in Europe unusual for its powerful parliament of noblemen and its elected kings.
1772 - The Commonwealth is subjected to the first of three major partitions by its neighbours Prussia, Russia and Austria following an anti-Russian revolt.
1791-1793 - A programme of political and social reform culminates in the 3 May Constitution in 1791, which promises civil rights to the urban and peasant population of the Commonwealth. Russia invades to prevent liberal change. Prussia also sends in troops, and the two powers carry out a second partition in 1793.
1794-1795 - Reformers lead an armed uprising against the partitioning powers. Following its failure the Commonwealth is finally partitioned among Prussia, Russia and Austria. Independent Poland disappears from the map of Europe.
Palace of Culture and Science: A Soviet relic in Warsaw
Poles tolerate Stalinist palace
1807 - Napoleon creates the Duchy of Warsaw as a client state to rally Polish support for his cause.
1815 - The Congress of Vienna creates a rump Kingdom of Poland, ruled by Russia.
1830-1831 - Military revolt in protest at Russian erosion of the Kingdom's political autonomy and civil liberties.
1863-1864 - Another revolt against Russian rule is defeated and the Kingdom annexed to Russia.
1864-1914 - The Polish national movement in Russia, Prussia and Austria focuses on strengthening the grassroots through education, culture and political parties.
1918 - After more than a century of foreign rule, an independent Polish state is restored after the end of World War I, with Marshal Jozef Pilsudski as head of state.
1920 - Soviet Red Army offensive repulsed.
1926 - Pilsudski stages a military coup. There follow nine years of autocratic rule.
1932 - Poland concludes non-aggression pact with the Soviet Union.
1934 - Poland signs similar 10-year pact with Nazi Germany.
1935 - Pilsudski dies. The military regime continues.
1939 - Nazi Germany invades Poland. Beginning of World War II as the United Kingdom declares war on Germany in response to the invasion. The Soviet Union invades from the east. Germany and the Soviet Union divide Poland between them and treat Polish citizens with extreme brutality. Germany begins systematic persecution of the large Jewish population.
1940 - Soviet secret police carry out systematic massacre of about 22,000 Polish army officers, professionals and civil servants mainly in a forest near Katyn in Russia's Smolensk Region. The Soviet Union attributed the crime to the Nazis until acknowledging responsibility in the late 1980s.
1941 - Germans start to build concentration camps in Poland. Their names - Auschwitz, Treblinka, Majdanek - become synonymous with the Holocaust.
Many thousands of Jews perished in the Warsaw Ghetto
1943 - Warsaw ghetto uprising against German attempts to transport the remaining Jewish inhabitants to concentration camps. Resistance lasts nearly four weeks before the ghetto is burned down. The Germans announce the capture of more than 50,000 Jews.
1944 - Polish resistance forces take control of Warsaw in August. The Germans recapture the city in October and burn it to the ground.
1945 - Soviet forces capture Warsaw in January. All German forces are driven from Poland by March. Poland's borders are set by the post-war Potsdam conference; Poland loses territory to the Soviet Union but gains some from Germany.
1947 - Poland becomes a Communist People's Republic after Soviet-run elections, under the Stalinist leadership of Boleslaw Bierut.
1955 - Poland joins the Soviet-run Warsaw Pact military alliance.
Founder of Solidarity union and first popularly-elected president
1956 - More than 50 people killed in rioting in Poznan over demands for greater freedom. Liberal Communist leader Wladislaw Gomulka takes over.
1970 - Food price riots in Gdansk. The protests are suppressed, hundreds are killed. Edward Gierek becomes party leader.
1970s - Poland enjoys relative economic prosperity based on foreign loans. Successive US presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter visit Poland.
1978 - Karol Wojtyla, Cardinal of Krakow, elected Pope.
1980 - Disturbances at the shipyard in Gdansk lead to the emergence of the Solidarity trade union under Lech Walesa.
1981 - Martial law imposed. Many of Solidarity's leaders, including Walesa, are imprisoned.
1983 - Martial law lifted.
1989 - Round-table talks between Solidarity, the Communists and the Catholic Church pave the way for fall of communism in Poland. Partially free elections see landslide win for Solidarity, which helps form coalition government. Tadeusz Mazowiecki becomes the first non-Communist Polish prime minister since 1946..
1990 - Walesa elected president of Poland. Market reforms, including large-scale privatisation, are launched.
1991 - First parliamentary elections since fall of communism. Soviet troops start to leave Poland.
1993 - Reformed Communists enter coalition government. They pledge to continue market reforms.
1994 - Poland joins Nato's Partnership for Peace programme.
1995 - Aleksander Kwasniewski, a former Communist, narrowly beats Lech Walesa to become president.
1997 - Polish parliament adopts a new constitution. General election is won by the Solidarity grouping AWS. Jerzy Buzek forms a coalition government.
1998 - The EU opens talks on Polish membership.
1999 - Poland joins Nato.
2000 - Aleksander Kwasniewski re-elected as president.
Polish combat troops joined the US-led coalition in Iraq
Europe's new heavyweight
Poland seeks Iraq reward
2001 - Poland permits citizens to apply to see the files kept on them by the secret police during the communist era.
2001 October - New coalition between the Democratic Left Alliance (SLD) and the Peasants' Party forms government with SLD leader Leszek Miller as prime minister.
2002 December - EU summit in Copenhagen formally invites Poland to join in 2004.
2003 March - Polish Peasant's Party ejected from ruling coalition over failure to vote with government on tax. Leszek Miller carries on as PM in minority government.
2003 June - Poles vote in referendum in favour of joining EU.
2004 May - Poland is one of 10 new states to join the EU.
Prime Minister Miller resigns. Former finance minister Marek Belka succeeds him.
2005 September - Conservative Law and Justice party comes first in general elections.
2005 October - Law and Justice candidate Lech Kaczynski wins presidential election.
Minority government led by Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz of Law and Justice sworn in.
2006 May - Law and Justice Party reaches majority coalition agreement with Self-Defence Party and League of Polish Families.
2006 July - Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz resigns as prime minister. President Lech Kaczynski's twin brother, Jaroslaw, becomes premier.
2007 January - Recently-appointed Archbishop of Warsaw Stanislaw Wielgus resigns over revelations about his co-operation with the secret police under communist rule.
2007 April - Prosecutors bring charges against former communist leader General Jaruzelski over his role in introducing martial law in 1981.
2007 October - Liberal, pro-EU Civic Platform party wins early general election after coalition government collapses.
2008 February - The government forges an agreement with the US in principle to host a controversial American missile defence system.
2008 September - Poland's last Communist leader, General Wojciech Jaruzelski, goes on trial in connection with the imposition of martial law in 1981.
2009 May - The IMF approves a one-year credit line for Poland of $20.6 billion to help it weather the global economic crisis.
2010 April - President Lech Kaczynski and many other senior officials are killed in a plane crash while on his way to a ceremony in Russia marking the 70th anniversary of the Katyn massacre during World War II.
2010 July - Parliament Speaker and Acting President Bronislaw Komorowski of the centre-right Civic Platform defeats former prime minister Jaroslaw Kaczynski in the second round of presidential elections.
US Secretary of State Hillary Clinton oversees amended agreement to station US missile defence shield base in Poland.
2010 December - Nigerian-born John Abraham Godson becomes first black member of Polish parliament.
2011 January - Russia's aviation authority blamed Polish pilot error for the Smolensk air crash in which President Lech Kaczynski and many other officials were killed in April 2010.
2011 July - Poland takes over EU rotating presidency for first time since it joined the bloc in 2004.
2011 October - Prime Minister Donald Tusk's centre-right Civic Platform party wins parliamentary elections.
2012 January - A court gives communist-era interior minister Czeslaw Kiszczak a two-year suspended prison sentence in absentia for his role in the martial law crackdown in 1981. The Communist Party leader of the time, Stanislaw Kania, is acquitted.
2013 September - Tens of thousands of protesters march through Warsaw in one of the largest demonstrations in years, organised by trade unions, to demand more jobs and higher pay.
2014 March - Prime Minister Donald Tusk says that Russia's annexation of Crimea cannot be accepted by the international community.
2014 April - Poland asks Nato to station 10,000 troops on its territory, as a visible mark of the Alliance's resolve to defend all its members after Russia's seizure of Crimea.
2014 June - Mr Tusk's ruling coalition narrowly survives a confidence vote triggered by a scandal prompted by leaked tapes of senior government officials appearing to disparage Poland's allies.
2014 September - Prime Minister Donald Tusk resigns to take up the post of president of the European Council. Ewa Kopacz takes over as head of government.
2014 November - Poland adopts a new National Security Strategy that states the country is threatened by war and names Russia as an aggressor in Ukraine.
2014 December - Poland complains of "unprecedented" Russian military activity in the Baltic Sea region, saying Nato is being tested but is not at risk of attack.
2015 April - Poland announces purchase of US Patriot surface-to-air missiles amid rising tension with Russia.
Turn to the right
2015 May - Conservative Law and Justice candidate Andrzej Duda beats centrist incumbent Bronislaw Komorowski in presidential election.
2015 October - Law and Justice conservative, Eurosceptic party becomes first to win overall majority in Polish democratic elections.
2015 December - President Duda approves controversial reform making it harder for the constitutional court to make majority rulings, despite large protests and European Union concerns at the implications for oversight of government decisions.
2016 January - European Commission investigates new media law that allows government to appoint heads of state TV and radio as potential "threat to European Union values".
2016 October - Parliament rejects private-member's bill to institute a near-total ban on abortion following mass protests. The governing  Law and Justice party decides not to back the bill.

A selection of photos from across the African continent this week:


Question: Represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details

Question: The European Parliament has voted for an EU-wide emergency alert system dubbed eCall to help ambulance crews get to road accidents faster.

New cars and light vans will have the system as standard from 31 March 2018.
The eCall device will alert rescue services automatically, using the existing 112 emergency number.
Basic data will be sent only when an accident occurs. The technology was first proposed in 2012, but legislation was delayed amid privacy concerns.
After negotiations between MEPs and EU governments it was agreed that eCall would provide only basic data such as:
The European Commission says installation of the device is likely to add about â‚¬100 (Â£72; $109) to the cost of a new car.
A standard accident alert system is needed in Europe, because "when you cross a border you have a language problem and often do not even really know where you are", said Czech Social Democrat MEP Olga Sehnalova, the parliament's lead negotiator on the issue.
MEPs in favour of the plans say rescue services will be able to reach crash scenes faster, saving lives and reducing the severity of injuries.
Research suggests that the system could halve response times, especially in rural areas.
Ms Sehnalova said privacy would be protected.
"The information is transferred only at the moment a serious accident occurs and airbag are sensors set off. Then a standard set of information is sent to the rescue services."
But Jan Philipp Albrecht from the Greens said the technology should not be mandatory.
"The consequence of being connected all the time means that we are also subject to more possibilities to track us," he told the BBC.
"We reduced the data being processed to a very minimum, but nonetheless it is technically possible for companies, or for an authority, to track your position and to even surveil you. So I don't think this should be obliged to everybody. Everybody should have the chance to opt out."
The UK government objects to the plans. UK Transport Minister Claire Perry said "the benefit of making eCall mandatory in all new cars does not justify the cost of implementing it.
"We do not support the measure, because it is not cost-effective for us."

At present, fire crews administer basic medical care as and when it is needed.
Under the new plan, launched on Tuesday, crews will get additional training and will be deployed to treat casualties in instances where they are closer than paramedics.
Ambulances will still be sent, but firefighters will help people until they arrive.
All three fire services in Wales are taking part in the project, which runs until June, in conjunction with the Welsh Ambulance Service NHS Trust.
South Wales Fire and Rescue Service has begun, with the mid and west Wales and north Wales services to follow suit in the new year.
Greg Lloyd, head of clinical operations at the Welsh Ambulance Service, said: "If our fire service colleagues can get to a scene before one of our ambulances they can begin to deliver life-saving treatment - that's only going to improve that patient's chance of surviving."
Firefighters will be trained in basic life support, CPS and how to treat a casualty who is bleeding heavily.
North Wales Fire and Rescue Service's assistant chief fire officer, Richard Fairhead, said: "We would like to reassure residents across Wales that there will be absolutely no reduction in emergency response and service delivery, either from the fire and rescue services across Wales or from the Welsh Ambulance Services Trust, during the pilot period."
Fire engines will not be sent to these calls in north Wales. Instead, a car, staffed with two firefighters and containing medical equipment, will be deployed.
It will not have blue lights and will drive to the scene within the speed limit.
Incidents where they could be used include cardiac arrests, people who are unconscious or choking and casualties suffering from "catastrophic bleeding".
Across the UK, 43 fire services have taken part in similar pilot schemes and a review will be held at the end to determine its success.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: A dog breeder who was mauled in the street by two of his American bulldogs has had his arm amputated.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence.

Stephen Potts was attacked by the dogs in Priors Grange, High Pittington, County Durham, on Sunday evening.
Bystanders tried to intervene by beating the dogs with golf clubs and spades while some even tried ramming them with their cars, but to no avail.
Mr Potts' father Geoffrey said he was in a "stable condition" in hospital but his right arm had been removed.
Mr Potts Snr said he did not know what had happened for the "devastating" attack to occur, but thought it was down to fireworks "startling" the dogs.
He said: "I would just like to thank everybody from High Pittington who helped him.
"Stephen is recovering, he's in a stable condition and they [the hospital] are just taking it day to day.
"I don't think there are many dogs that like fireworks. I think they've got a fright and wanted to escape."
Northumbria Police visited the kennels of the dog breeder in Low Pittington to check the condition of his animals following the attack.
A spokesman said they were being properly cared for and none was classed as a dangerous dog.
Witnesses said they saw Mr Potts being thrown around "like a rag doll" and the dogs "almost ripped off" his arm.
One of the dogs was caught at the scene and shot by police officers. The second dog was taken to kennels.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Nijamul Islam, 44, of Farm Road, Edgware, north London, pleaded guilty to two charges of being in charge of a dog, dangerously out of control.
Beata Obuchowski was working as a kennel maid when she was savaged by a Belgian Shepherd dog and a German Shepherd dog for about half an hour.
Islam's dogs attacked her on a deserted farm in Hertfordshire in 2014.
The farm was being used to train guard dogs and the court was told that for between 30 to 40 minutes, Polish mother-of-one Ms Obuchowski found herself under attack from the animals.
She was repeatedly bitten about her hands, arms and legs.
In the end, as the dogs began to tire,  Ms Obuchowski - armed with a stone she had picked up to defend herself - pretended to be dead and lay lifeless on the ground.
The court was told her injuries were so severe that she remained in hospital for two and a half months following the attack.
Her right middle finger had to be amputated at the knuckle and the right index finger had to be amputated below the fingernail.
Following the attack, police found 99 animals were being kept at the farm in Great Amwell, near Ware.
Jurors heard Islam kept the dogs in horrendous conditions and a vet who attended the scene for the RSPCA was shocked by what she found.
Forty of the dogs had to be put down including the dogs that had attacked Ms Obuchowski.
Islam's barrister, Mr Joe Sidhu QC, asked that he be given credit for his guilty pleas on the day of his trial.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A second polar bear has arrived at a wildlife park in South Yorkshire.

This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article

Two-year-old Pixel will join Yorkshire Wildlife Park's other polar bear, 16-year-old Victor, who has been there since August.
Pixel came to the park near Doncaster from a zoo near Eindhoven in the Netherlands. He was driven in a special transporter to Rotterdam yesterday, then an overnight ferry to Hull.
The park said Pixel may one day be part of the European Breeding Programme.
Yorkshire Wildlife Park, which is at Branton near Doncaster, is in talks about rescuing another polar bear  called Yupi from a Mexican zoo.
•Five nations have polar bear populations: the United States, Canada, Russia, Greenland, and Norway.
•Adult male polar bears can weigh up to 1,200lbs (550kg), while adult females may weigh as much as 650lbs (290kg)
•Biologists estimate there are 20,000 to 25,000 bears left in the wild
•Source: Polar Bears International
Animal development manager Simon Marsh said: "It is vital that we understand how to care for these bears appropriately in captivity and provide for their needs.
"We are sure that Pixel will enjoy his new surroundings as much as Victor has."
The park said Victor was immediately on guard when he realised another polar bear was at the enclosure, but settled down "after a roar or two".
The bears will be introduced to each other once Pixel has settled in.
Pixel is about a third of the size of Victor, who weighs 480kg (1,058lb).
Yorkshire Wildlife Park rescued 13 lions from Romania in 2010.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article
Example:
Provided: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'Thousands of people raced through gallons of mud at Drumlanrig Castle near Thornhill at the weekend.\nThey were taking part in the annual Tough Mudder event.\nIt saw participants run through ice cold water and navigate around 20 obstacles in a course designed by British special forces.\nDescribed by organisers as "the toughest event on the planet", the extreme endurance challenge was the brainchild of Will Dean and Guy Livingstone and regularly takes place in the UK, US, Australia and Canada to test fitness, stamina, mental strength and camaraderie.']" Match: "['Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', '.']"

22 November 2015 Last updated at 09:51 GMT
Three-year-old Suka had a good roll around in the snow in her enclosure.
She lives at the zoo in the US state of Wisconsin with her twin brother.
The area has been specially designed to resemble the Arctic, where they're from.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: British number one Johanna Konta eased into the quarter-finals of the Miami Open with a 7-5 6-1 victory over Lara Arruabarrena.

Konta was given a testing time in the opening set by the Spaniard, who had won only one match this year prior to the tournament.
But 10th seed Konta's serving was key and she broke Arruabarrena at 6-5 up before going on to dominate.
Konta will now play third seed Simona Halep in the last eight.
Romanian Halep saved a match point before beating Australian Sam Stosur 4-6 7-5 6-2.
"I felt I played myself more into the match a bit more," said Konta, who is into the quarter-finals in Miami for the second successive year.
"As the match went on, I felt clearer and clearer on how I wanted to play and what I wanted to do out there from my perspective.
"I'm quite happy I was able to execute that reasonably well, and also make it tough for her to stay in that match with the level that she was playing at."

Edmund, 21, defeated Czech Rosol, 30, in one hour and 44 minutes.
Aljaz Bedene, Britain's number two, went out of the Barcelona Open, losing 3-6 6-3 7-6 (7-2) to Russian qualifier Karen Khachanov in the first round.
Britain's Johanna Konta lost 6-3 6-3 to Germany's Anna-Lena Friedsam in the first round of the Stuttgart Open.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article.

Question: So-called Islamic State (IS) lost almost a quarter of its territory in 2016, according to new analysis.

The group gave up almost 18,000 sq km (6,900 sq miles), its territory being reduced to some 60,400 sq km, just less than the size of Florida, security and defence analysts IHS Markit reported.
IHS Markit predicted the recapture of Mosul by Iraqi government forces by the middle of the year.
But it said the stronghold of Raqqa would be a tougher nut to crack.
IHS Markit said the 23% reduction in IS-held territory in 2016 followed on from a 14% loss the year before.
"The Islamic State suffered unprecedented territorial losses in 2016, including key areas vital for the group's governance project," said Columb Strack, senior analyst and head of the IHS Conflict Monitor.
He said that this came despite IS retaking the city of Palmyra in December, "from a Syrian government preoccupied at the time with Aleppo".
In Mosul - Iraq's second city, which has been under the control of the extremists since 2014 - Iraqi government forces had "made steady progress" in eastern districts, the report says, although they have been meeting heavy resistance in recent days.
Mr Strack said: "We expect Iraqi government forces to recapture Mosul before the second half of the year.
"After Mosul, the Iraqi government will probably focus its attention on the remaining pocket of resistance around Hawija, which the jihadists are using as a base for their campaign of sustained terrorist attacks in Baghdad."
Taking Raqqa would be more difficult "given the complex political and military considerations involved", the IHS Conflict Monitor report said.
Raqqa is regarded as the "capital" of the self-declared IS caliphate.
In November, a US-backed coalition of Kurdish and Arab fighters, the Syria Democratic Forces (SDF), said it had begun an operation to capture Raqqa.
But progress had "stalled in the triangle between the Euphrates and the Balikh river", the report said.
"Raqqa represents the core of the Islamic State and they are unlikely to leave without a fight," Mr Strack said. Capturing it would "probably take a major ground intervention by one of the main external players".
The report also highlighted what it said was a major theological dispute within IS, between those following mainstream doctrine and those taking a more extreme interpretation.
This could raise the risk of defections or even cause an internal break-up, IHS Conflict Monitor said.

represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

The UK-based Syrian Observatory for Human Rights said 17,790 of the dead were civilians, including 3,501 children.
Meanwhile more than 15,000 died in conflicts in Iraq in 2014, making it that country's worst year since 2007.
Much of the violence comes as a result of advances by Islamic State and other militants groups in the two countries.
US-led air strikes against Islamic State (IS) militants, fighting between government troops and rebels in Syria, and sectarian violence in Iraq have also accounted for large numbers of deaths.
The air strikes continued on Thursday, with 17 against IS targets near the Syrian cities of Raqqa, Kobane and Deir al-Zour and 12 near the Iraqi cities of Falluja, Mosul and Sinjar.
Meanwhile Syrian President Bashar al-Assad marked the new year with a visit to front-line troops in the Damascus suburb of Jobar.
Mr Assad's Twitter and Facebook accounts showed pictures of him talking to two soldiers by a tank and shaking hands with a third.
The Syrian figures cannot be independently verified, but the Observatory says its draws on sources all across the country.
It said a total of 76,021 had died, slightly up on 2013's toll of 73,447 and bringing the total number of deaths since the conflict began in 2011 to more than 200,000.
Of the 2014 deaths, the Observatory said:
On the same day, the Iraqi government published its figures on casualties in 2014.
It said 15,538 people had died and more than 22,000 were injured during the course of the year.
The UK-based NGO Iraq Body Count gave an even higher figure of 17,073 civilian deaths.
The NGO said there was a "new brutality on the ground and renewed attack from the air", with IS and the Iraqi army causing thousands of casualties, and US-led air strikes also responsible for civilian deaths.
The year began with the government losing control of Falluja and parts of Ramadi in western Iraq.
In June, a huge offensive by IS left large parts of northern Iraq in militant hands, including the second city Mosul.
The death toll for 2014 from the Syrian Observatory for Human Rights is just the latest grim statistic from years of war.
Syria's refugee crisis
Conflict in numbers


Question:
represent the summary to retrieve the rest of the news story with more details
------
Fewshots:
'['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'A police officer was involved in a hoax 999 call claiming a colleague would be kidnapped by a radical Muslim with links to so-called Islamic State, a court has heard.']' == '['This is part of a news article. Represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article', 'PC Amar Tasaddiq Hussain, 29, is one of three men accused of conspiring to make a bogus call to West Midlands Police.\nHe denies two counts of conspiracy to pervert the course of justice.\nAdil Bashir, 26,  and Muhammad Ali Sheikh, 31, have also denied the charges at Stafford Crown Court.\nOpening the trial, prosecutor Simon Davis said West Midlands Police put "unprecedented measures" in place following the call on 8 December 2014.\nAll police staff were forced to report they had got home safely, which Mr Davis likened to a roll call at a school.\nHe told the jury: "The police listened to that call. They took it extremely seriously."\n"They saw the content of the call as a credible threat to the security and safety of a police officer who may be kidnapped that evening - they had six hours to put procedures in place to minimise the threat and maximise the security and safety of all police staff," he added.\nThe court was played the call in which a man can be heard saying: "I have been asked to drive the car which they are going to kidnap the police officer in and put him in the back, I have been told to drive off because I am a very good driver."\nThe caller refuses to give his personal details to the call handler when asked for fear he will "possibly be killed".\nThe prosecution claim Mr Hussain, from Yardley, plotted with Mr Bashir of Small Heath and Mr Sheikh from Bordesley Green, to incriminate members of Dawat-E-Islami, a peaceful Muslim prayer group, who he held a grudge against.\nThe trial continues.']' != '['Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary', 'The National says thousands united in solidarity at the vigil after Nicola Sturgeon paid tribute to the victims during an emotional First Minister\'s Questions at Holyrood.\nFaith leaders, tourists, commuters and emergency service workers were among those who joined the "dignified tribute" at the London landmark, according to The Herald.\nThe i newspaper also features an image from Trafalgar Square, while its lead story focuses on Khalid Masood, the man responsible for the attack which killed four people and injured many more.\nMasood was inspired by Islamic State ideology and had been previously investigated by MI5, according to The Scotsman.\nMeanwhile, the Daily Record describes the attacker as a "weak-minded savage exploited by the monsters of Isis". It adds: "He killed a hero PC, a devoted mum, a loving husband and an OAP."\nThe Scottish Sun reports that Masood told workers at a budget hotel in Brighton: "I\'m off to London today". The paper claims he said the capital "isn\'t like it used to be".\nAnd the Scottish Daily Mail claims guides to mounting a "car terror attack" are available on Google and Twitter.\nElsewhere,  The Courier reports that nurses at Perth Royal Infirmary have contacted the paper to blow the whistle on staff shortages at the hospital. They claim it is only a matter of time before the shortages result in a death, but health bosses have moved to reassure patients.\nThe Press and Journal leads with a story about a pub in Keith, Moray, which was sealed off after it received a suspicious package with a note referring to so-called Islamic State.']'

Question: Ospreys open-side flanker Will Jones will captain Wales Under-20s at the 2017 World Rugby Junior Championship in Georgia.

Jones led the side in the 2017 Six Nations, but top try-scorer Keiran Williams misses out through injury.
Rhun Williams, who played in the under-20s Six Nations campaign this year, was called up to Robin McBryde's senior side to face Tonga and Samoa.
Wales U18 captain Will Griffiths is one of five debutants in the 28-man squad.
The fresh faces also include Connor Edwards, Eddie Drake, Joe Goodchild and Scott Jenkins.
In a warm-up match ahead of the tournament, which begins at the end of May, Wales will take on Scotland U20 on Tuesday, 16 May at Bridgend's Brewery Field (14:30 BST kick-off).
Their world title bid kicks off against Australia on 31 May before facing England on 4 June and Samoa four days later.
The tournament ends on Sunday, 18 June with Wales' three Pool A matches taking place at Avchala Stadium, Tbilisi.
Forwards: Keiron Assiratti (Cardiff Blues), Sid Blackmore (Bath Rugby), James Botham (Cardiff Blues), Callum Bradbury (Cardiff Blues), Rhys Carre (Cardiff Blues), Eddie Drake (Cardiff Blues), Will Griffiths (Ospreys), Owen Hughes (Newport Gwent Dragons), Scott Jenkins (Scarlets), Will Jones (captain, Ospreys), Shane Lewis-Hughes (Cardiff Blues), Sean Moore (Pontypridd), Ellis Shipp (Newport Gwent Dragons), Steff Thomas (Scarlets), Aled Ward (Cardiff Blues).
Backs: Dane Blacker (Cardiff Blues), Ryan Conbeer (Scarlets), Connor Edwards (Newport Gwent Dragons), Joe Goodchild (Newport Gwent Dragons), Reuben Morgan-Williams (Ospreys), Ben Jones (Cardiff Blues), Phil Jones (Ospreys), Owen Lane (Cardiff Blues), Cameron Lewis (Cardiff Blues), Ioan Nicholas (Scarlets), Arwel Robson (Newport Gwent Dragons), Jared Rosser (Newport Gwent Dragons), Will Talbot-Davies (Newport Gwent Dragons).

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Hooker Hughes, 20, featured for Llandovery during the 2015-16 season while 19-year-old flanker Evans has played for Scarlets' Under-18 side.
Both players have been included in Wales' squad for June's Junior World Championship.
Wales play Ireland, Georgia and New Zealand in Pool A in Manchester.
"They both enjoyed a very successful Six Nations campaign and will take confidence into the forthcoming World Championships," Scarlets general manager of rugby Jon Daniels said.


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: The Department of Health has been criticised over a shortage of nurses and told to "get its act together", by government advisers.

Represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

The Migration Advisory Committee also accused the health sector of seeing immigration as a "get-out-of-jail-free-card" and an answer to the shortage.
The lack of nurses is down to factors "which could and should have been anticipated", it said.
The government said it planned to train more "home-grown nurses".
The latest report from the committee, despite being highly critical, has "reluctantly" recommended that nurses from outside Europe should be made a priority for up to 5,000 visas to work in the UK each year, for the next three years.
This extends a measure which was introduced last autumn, recognising that the UK is short of nurses, and nursing remains on the official "shortage occupation list".
However, the committee's report criticised the decision to cut nurse training places in England by almost a fifth between 2009 and 2013.
Its chairman Prof Sir David Metcalf said: "There is no good reason why the supply of nurses cannot be sourced domestically.
"There seems to be an automatic presumption that non-EEA skilled migration provides the health and care sector with a 'get-out-of-jail-free-card'.
"The long-term solution to addressing this shortage is recruiting and retaining staff by providing sufficient incentive and opportunity."
In England 11,000 nurses from outside the European Economic Area (EEA) are set to be recruited over the next four years, and the figure rises to 14,000 when the rest of the UK is factored in, the report said.
It also highlighted a number of other issues, which it believed were linked to the wider nursing shortage. They included:
The other major area of contention is around training, and Chancellor George Osborne's decision in his 2015 Spending Review to scrap nursing bursaries and replace them with loans.
Currently student nurses and midwives receive an annual bursary from the NHS while they study - which they do not have to pay back. They also do not have to pay tuition fees.
However, Mr Osborne argues that because the NHS can spend only a finite amount of money on bursaries each year, it limits the number of places available for students.
He says replacing bursaries with loans will give more people the opportunity to study.
Conversely, the Royal College of Nursing argues a fear of debt will put people off training.
A Department of Health spokesman added: "Overseas staff have always played a vital role in the NHS.
"We are pleased the [committee] has recommended that nurses remain on the occupation shortage list, but at the same time, we are already delivering our plan to train more home-grown nurses."
In 2014-15 8,000 foreign-born nurses were recruited in to the NHS, mainly from Europe.

this is part of a news article. represent it to retrieve the first (missing) sentence of the article.

Fewshot example: "['Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence', 'The landslide, which struck early on Sunday, engulfed more than 30 buildings in an industrial district.\nAt least four bodies have been recovered so far. More than 70 people are still missing.\nThe landslide happened when a huge man-made mound of earth and construction waste collapsed after heavy rains.\nThe government has opened an official investigation into the incident, after it emerged that authorities had previously issued warnings about the mound.\nThe 19-year-old survivor was found around 04:00 local time on Wednesday (20:00 GMT Tuesday), after being buried for 67 hours. He has been named as Tian Zeming, a migrant worker from Chongqing in south-western China.\nOfficials say he was found in an extremely weak condition in an excavated hole under the building\'s roof. He was severely dehydrated and had a crushed leg. Rescuers took about two hours to safely pull him out.\nDuring the rescue workers found a man\'s body nearby that showed no signs of life.\nZhang Hu, a city deputy mayor, said four bodies had so far been found and he pledged to continue with the search operation.\n"As long as there is a sliver of hope, we will never give up," he said.\nMore than 5,000 people are involved in the rescue effort.\nAbout 900 people were evacuated on Sunday as waves of soil and debris rolled across the district and sparked an explosion at a natural gas pipeline.\nThe landslide eventually blanketed an area of 380,000 sq m (455,000 sq yards) - the equivalent of about 50 football fields. Some areas were covered with up to 10m (32ft) of mud.\nThe number of missing has frequently been revised down, as people who were thought to be buried have been contacted or located by the authorities.\nSurvivor stories: Escaping death by 10 minutes\nWatch: Drone footage of the landslide\nChina\'s grim history of industrial accidents\nThe ministry of land and resources said a mountain of earth and construction waste had piled up against a hill during the past two years.\n"The pile was too big, the pile was too steep, leading to instability and collapse," the ministry said.\nState media say a district government report in January warned of a "catastrophe" at the dump, which it said was made up of 1 million cubic metres of waste.\nLocal resident Yi Jimin agreed the disaster was not an act of nature.\n"Heavy rains and a collapse of a mountain are natural disasters, but this wasn\'t a natural disaster, this was man-made,\'\' he said.\nThis is China\'s fourth major disaster in a year']" == "['represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story', 'A man buried in rubble for almost three days after a landslide hit an area of the south Chinese city of Shenzhen has been pulled out alive.']"

A total of 36 written ministerial statements and 424 government documents were published on Thursday, as Parliament rose for the Christmas recess.
Labour - which was not above this sort of thing when it was in power - has accused David Cameron of a lack of transparency and "attempting to blind us with massive information".
Here are some of the more eye-catching announcements, with more to follow as we find them.
A report into UK immigration has found 10,000 cases of asylum seekers were not being tracked by the Home Office.
The report added there was a reluctance to find them as it "was not a priority and was considered a drain on resources".
From September, there were also more than 30,000 failed claims of asylum but the people involved had not been deported or given rights to stay longer.
David Holt, the author of the report, said failing to deal with cases in a "timely manner was inefficient as well as ineffective". He went on to say the more time it took, the more likely that the individuals would be harder to remove as they would form local ties and perhaps have children in the UK.
The Home Office said they were taking "significant steps" to address the findings and added they had successfully removed 79,000 people in the last two years.
The government said it would not ban the Muslim Brotherhood in the UK, but said the organisation had an "ambiguous relationship with violent extremism".
David Cameron said the group will be kept under review, while the Muslim Brotherhood said it would legally challenge the "deeply flawed" findings.
The review has taken two years to complete and was ordered after pressure to ban the group.
Read more from the BBC's Dominic Casciani
David Cameron promised to cut the number of government advisers, but it was revealed on Thursday he has employed more since the general election.
The prime minister has 32 special advisers - commonly know as Spads - up from 26 last year.
It is expected to cost the government £8.4m this year. Although overall the cost of Spads has decreased since the coalition government ended, it is still higher than during Gordon Brown's time in Downing Street.
The two highest paid are Mr Cameron's chief-of-staff Ed Llewellyn and communications chief Craig Oliver, both on £140,000.
Chancellor George Osborne has 11 staff to advise him - four are on a special Council of Economic Advisers - while most other ministers have two or three advisers.
Labour have accused the government of "breaking their promises". Deputy Leader Tom Watson said: "Taxpayers are picking up an ever larger bill for Tory spin doctors."
Labour minister Jon Ashworth highlighted the case of one of George Osborne's advisers Thea Rogers, a former BBC producer credited with improving the chancellor's image and encouraging him to go on a diet, being awarded a 42% pay rise, taking her salary to £98,000.
He said Mr Osborne had "one eye on the leadership" as he built "his empire within government".
The government spent nearly £2m on ministerial car services in 2014-15, according to the Department of Transport.
In 2014-15, it cost £1,901,960.43 to provide ministers with cars - a reduction of around £50,000 on the previous year.
However, this figure does not include car costs for Prime Minister David Cameron, Home Secretary Theresa May, Foreign Secretary Philip Hammond, Defence Secretary Michael Fallon and Northern Ireland Secretary Theresa Villiers who use the Metropolitan Police.
Transport Minister Robert Goodwill said: "These charges do not necessarily reflect the total spend on car services for ministers as some departments have arrangements with other providers."
Mr Goodwill said charges to government departments have not increased since 2010. Over 2014-15 the total cost of cars - including operational costs - was £6.32m, a reduction from £21.62m in 2010-11.
A report into housing benefit changes dubbed the "bedroom tax" by critics (the government prefers to call the old system a "spare room subsidy") found two-thirds of people affected by the cuts had to reduce the amount they spent on food and 78% often ran out of money before the end of the week.
Under the new system, officials calculate how many rooms a tenant needs and adjusts housing benefits accordingly. If bedrooms are deemed to be spare the tenant gets less money.
The government report found 76% of people cut back spending on food. While only a third successfully accessed a hardship fund to ease the impact of a reduction in money. Only one in 10 moved to a smaller property which is what the policy aims to do.
Shadow Work and Pensions Secretary Owen Smith said the report was "damning" and called the policy "shameful" and "vile"  adding it drove "people deeper and deeper in to poverty".
Defence Secretary Michael Fallon announced 177 UK military personnel were embedded in armed forces of other nations.
Countries include Australia, USA, New Zealand, Canada, France and Spain. There are also UK officers in Coalition forces, UN, NATO and the EU in a mixture of head quarters staff and officers.
The statement said these officers played an important role in "enhancing our national security interests around the world, strengthening our relationships with key allies and developing our own capabilities."
Human rights charity Reprieve called the information "almost worthless", "vague" and "a long way from real transparency".
They questioned where exactly personnel where based and what operations they were involved in, specifically questioning whether there was British involvement in the Saudi-led coalition in Yemen.
The government said military personnel were involved in a "wide range of roles" for host countries including planning operations and training missions, being pilots, and working on naval vessels.
An NHS report was published into deaths at the Southern Health NHS Foundation Trust which is one of the largest mental health trusts.
The report outlines failings at the hospital which included "a lack of leadership, focus and sufficient time spent in the Trust on carefully reporting and investigating unexpected deaths of mental health and learning disability service users".
It said there were more than 10,000 deaths during April 2011 and March 2015 of those 722 were "unexpected" but only 272 were investigated.
Health Secretary Jeremy Hunt said he was "determined" lessons were learned. He announced the Care Quality Commission will inspect the trust for how it investigated deaths. This will lead on to an investigation across other NHS trusts, not just mental health, across the UK looking into preventable deaths.
Labour accused the government of "by-passing scrutiny" as the report was published hours before MPs left Westminster for Christmas. Shadow Mental Health Minister, Luciana Berger said "Ministers must be held to account for what is going wrong."
She said: "It is pitiful that the government has chosen to sneak it out on the day Parliament is breaking for recess, preventing MPs from being able to question ministers about it."
The report was commissioned in 2013 after the death of Conor Sparrowhawk who was a patient and drowned in a bathtub after an epileptic seizure.
Read more
The highest government earners were also revealed as part of the blizzard of documents released on Thursday.
Topping the charts as the highest paid official is Simon Kirby, chief executive of High Speed Rail 2 (HS2). His role is to deliver the HS2 program to "safety, cost, time and quality standards" in order to "transform Britain's capacity". He formerly worked at Network Rail. Jim Crawford, also working on HS2 earns £390,000, his role is to "plan, deliver and monitor" the project.
Head of the Green Investment Bank Edward Northam earns over £330,000, while CEO Shaun Kingsbury earns £325,000. The bank was set up by the government to fund environmentally-friendly infrastructure projects but is now set to be part-privatised.
Alison Saunders, the Director of Public Prosecutions, earns £200,000, while her colleague Peter Lewis, the chief executive of the Crown Prosecution Service, is on £160,000.
Lin Homer, head of HMRC earns £185,000, in recent weeks she has been grilled by two parliamentary committees on her handling of the e-borders scheme and also failures to take action against UK citizens hiding money Swiss HSBC accounts.
The highest paid employee of the Cabinet Office was the permanent secretary was John Manzoni, a former top BP executive, earning £230,000.
See the full list here


Question: This is the first sentence of a news article. Represent it to easily retrieve the remaining few sentences of the article

Question: An alarming mixture of confusion and fear is blighting the pregnancies of thousands of women across this teeming tropical city in the northeast of Brazil, and wherever else the Zika virus has infected people.

represent the news article to find a single sentence that could be used as a summary

Every day the emergency clinic at one of Recife's largest hospitals sees queues of nervous women so long that they reach into the car park, and the medical staff, already stretched, are now overwhelmed.
The enemy is uncertainty because the symptoms of Zika infection are worryingly vague: aches, a rash, itching and conjunctivitis are all typical and the slightest sign of them naturally leads the women to rush for help.
One woman, close to her due date, told me that to avoid being bitten she now never goes out at night and keeps herself covered in mosquito repellent. Another sat slumped and sobbing as she said tests had confirmed that she is carrying the virus.
In the hot, crowded waiting room, with an action movie playing loudly on a television, a series of anguished cries suddenly grabbed everyone's attention.
A young woman, four months pregnant, had just been told that she may be infected and the impact of the news proved too much for her.
The red eyes of Sara Ferreira da Silva were all too obvious. Seven months pregnant, she thinks that she may have picked up an infection, though is not sure if it might be Dengue, a major threat here, or Zika.
"At the moment today I'm feeling worried because I have the symptoms," she said. "I have pain in my body, headache, I had fever, 38-39 degrees, and some red spots appeared on my belly."
But establishing if there is Zika infection is not easy. The virus is only active for about a week and hunting for a legacy of it in antibodies does not always produce a definitive result.
Often the first firm indication of trouble is when an ultrasound scan is carried out sometime around 22-24 weeks into the pregnancy, and this is an agonising moment because research into Zika is too incomplete to provide firm answers.
Dr Adrianna Scavuzzi, who is in charge of maternal health at the public medical centre IMIP, said: "When you see the ultrasound is with something wrong you have to tell her and then you know that after you tell her she will ask you many questions - if the the children will walk, will hear properly, will see properly and we don't know
So medical specialists are working seven days a week to investigate the virus and to try to understand its impacts.
Although there is no categoric proof that the virus is stunting the growth of the babies' brains, that is regarded as highly likely by those on the frontline of this health crisis.
One assumption is that greater damage is done earlier in pregnancy when the brain would normally grow most rapidly - but this is not confirmed and is urgently being researched.
Another worrying unknown is a scenario of extreme disability where babies are born not only with microcephaly, the condition of the small brain, but also with damage to the nervous system with the result that the limbs cannot be controlled.
This is known as arthrogryposis, and pictures of babies born with it show distorted arms and legs, and X-rays reveal a lack of connection in the joints. The babies can only survive in intensive care.
Dr Vanessa Van der Linden and colleagues, who are preparing a paper on the condition, say six cases have now emerged in Recife and that it is "highly probable" that Zika is to blame.
She said: "The problem with these babies is in the spine. The motor neurones that makes the muscle move have a problem so these babies have some muscles without function."
While the research effort races to catch up with the crisis on the ground, the city authorities here are stepping up efforts to stamp out the mosquitoes that carry the virus.
Streets and alleyways in the favelas are regularly sprayed with insecticide, although when I watched one operation it seemed quite haphazard, only reaching the fronts of people's homes and none of the rooftops or yards.
And the crucial search for the mosquito larvae has been hampered until now by the inability of officials to enter homes without permission - I saw one pair of soldiers turned away and an abandoned dwelling left alone.
So, from today, officials will have the right to break in if needed - a sign of the escalation in measures needed to get a grip on the outbreak.
That might help to turn the tide of the crisis here.
The talk is of a war against the virus and, at the moment, it is not going well enough either to limit the number of cases or to reassure all the pregnant women reaching for their bellies, and wondering.
And for women thinking of pregnancy, there is a warning from one young mother.
Micaela da Souza's daughter Anica Vitoria has severe microcephaly and needs to be continually rocked to prevent her from becoming agitated, and her advice reflects the uncertainties of the science.
"I'd say it's not the moment to get pregnant because so far nobody knows where does this virus come from, how can this happen?"

Founded right at the start of the 20th Century, the centre is these days equally famous as one of the world's leading producers of biopharmaceuticals and immunobiological products.
This week the BBC visited the research and development laboratories at Butantan.
Here, biochemists were working on a batch of vaccines for diphtheria, one of the many established illnesses and diseases that the centre helps to combat. But now there's a new enemy in town and it has forced a change of priorities.
The warnings and concern over the Zika virus are not overblown or unjustified, maintains Alexander Precioso, the institute's director of clinical trials and pharmacological vigilance.
"Basically the majority of the population [in Brazil] is susceptible to the Zika virus, so we are expecting to have many cases," Dr Precioso told me. "That's why vaccine is such an important intervention in terms of preventing the disease."
But, warns the senior clinician, no-one should expect a quick resolution to a public health crisis that is spreading across the Americas.
With the suspected link between Zika and the devastating natal condition, microcephaly, not yet proven, doctors and researchers point out that the entire global medical community doesn't yet know exactly how the virus works on the human body.
"Once we know exactly what the relationship is between the Zika virus and microcephaly, we will be in a better situation to know if a vaccine or a treatment will be available within a certain period of time," says Dr Precioso, acknowledging that the medical and research community is still very much in the dark.
"We do have the hypothesis that the relationship (between Zika and microcephaly) is true â€¦. but we need to keep studying to try to establish the relationship between the virus and the body in order to have the best vaccine or treatment," Dr Precioso says.
Emphasising the importance of international co-operation in the race to find a vaccine, researchers admit it could take at least 10 years to develop and produce.
Easing long-established international protocols, as was the case when dealing with the Ebola outbreak in Central Africa, could reduce that timescale but the outlook isn't good for immediately easing the fears of people in affected areas.
So the practical focus now, while work continues on developing a vaccine, is on disease prevention.
Releasing millions of fertile mosquitoes into the middle of a Sao Paulo suburb in the midst of a mosquito-driven health crisis may seem, at first sight, counter productive but the woman emptying pots-full of little insects from the side of a moving van insists it's a proven technology that works.
"These are self-limiting male mosquitoes," says Cecilia Kosmann, a production supervisor at the British-owned research company, Oxitec.
"Basically they'll mate with females and pass on their genes as normal but the offspring will die while still larvae, before they become flying insects, which is the critical period," adds Ms Kosmann.
The company, which has a small research and production facility in the city of Campinas, is well placed to respond to the Zika outbreak. For years, producing two million mosquitoes each week, it has been tackling dengue fever in Brazil and, says Ms Kosmann, in some areas mosquito numbers have been reduced by as much as 90%.
These efforts apart, Brazilian officials admit, they've been taken completely by surprise by the arrival and subsequent spread of Zika.
Under-fire Health Minister Marcelo Castro said this week that Brazil was losing the battle against Zika, "hands down".
It was a remarkably frank and perhaps too-honest assessment of the crisis, which brought a swift rebuke from President Dilma Rousseff that everything was being done and that no resources would be spared in the battle against the virus.
But those with most to fear, pregnant women or those thinking of having babies, are none the wiser and many are scared of what might happen.
With thousands of women reported to be delaying plans to have children and those who can afford it taking the drastic decision to leave Brazil during their pregnancy, the race to find a vaccine for Zika is an urgent one.


Question: Represent the text to find a corresponding news article that continues the story

Question: A coach who helped Canada to ice hockey gold at the Sochi Winter Olympics will begin work at Southampton this week.

Represent the news to retrieve its missing first sentence

Ralph Krueger, who was born in Canada but has lived in Europe for more than 30 years, has never worked in football.
The 54-year-old former ice hockey player has been appointed by owner Katharina Liebherr as part of a reshaped management setup at St Mary's.
"We'll look at ways to improve commercially and continue to grow what's already there," Krueger said.
2009-10: 7th (League One)
2010-11: 2nd (League One)
2011-12: 2nd (Championship)
2012-13: 14th (Premier League)
2013-14: 9th* (Premier League)
* Correct on 24 February
"Katharina was looking for someone to come in from sport on the leadership side. She has strong values and a fresh and interesting perspective on sport."
At this stage, Krueger's exact job description remains unclear but it is understood he has acted as an advisor to Liebherr for some time.  He is expected to be in the stands at St Mary's for Southampton's match with Liverpool on Saturday.
During the Winter Olympics, Krueger worked as a consultant to the Canadian ice hockey team, specialising in scouting European opposition and advising on the differences between international ice hockey and that played in the National Hockey League (NHL) in North America.
Canada have now won back-to-back gold medals in the men's tournament, having failed to make the podium in Turin in 2006.
During that tournament, they lost to a Switzerland team coached by Krueger, who had previously managed the Edmonton Oilers in the NHL.
Southampton - and football - will provide a different challenge for the German citizen but he has already spent time at the club and has held a series of lengthy talks with manager Mauricio Pochettino.
He is expected to work on aspects of performance and training, as well as team-spirit and motivation. But the majority of his work will be on the commercial side.
2009 - Katharina Liebherr's late father, Markus, pays £14m to rescue Southampton from administration through his company, Mali Holdings.
2010 - After her father's death in August 2010, Katharina Liebherr inherits Mali Holdings.
2013 -  In October, she is appointed to the board.
2013 - On the same day, Nicola Cortese files his notice to resign from his position as chairman.
2014 - Cortese leaves the club, making Liebherr non-executive chairman.
Speaking in Sochi, Krueger said he had no intention of stepping on Pochettino's toes.
"This is the start of a new world for me," he said.
"I've got to come in gently. We don't need sudden changes of direction. What Mauricio doesn't need is someone getting involved day-to-day.
"He and his staff need space so they can continue to grow the group. I've met Mauricio; he's very honest, a strong personality and he has strong values. I will stay in my place. He should feel comfortable."
Krueger is one of three key sporting advisors that Liebherr has worked with closely over the past six months, a time during which her relationship with former executive chairman Nicola Cortese, who left the club in January, collapsed.
Away from ice hockey, Krueger has also made a name for himself in motivational speaking.
His book, 'Team Life: Over Losses to Success' is based on the twin principles of respect for the team and discipline within it. It was a best-seller on both sides of the Atlantic.
Krueger's appointment has parallels with Southampton's decision to hire England's World Cup-winning rugby coach, Sir Clive Woodward in 2005.

The 36-year-old has played 455 games in the National Hockey League, plus 321 at American Hockey League level.
Neilson said: "He was a top-six forward in the NHL for a while. He has class and skill. He's ready to go, excited to be here and we are happy to have him."
Panthers are sixth in the Elite League after a poor season so far.
But they have reached the Super Final of the Continental Cup which will take place in Ritten, Italy in January.